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Settler Swahili

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844:. Since most Settla speakers are native speakers of English, which lacks a complex noun class system, Settla appears to also have a less complex noun class system than standard Swahili. Although there needs to be more research on the specifics, it can be concluded that the speakers of Settla do not disregard this system, but their patterns do most certainly differ from standard Swahili. 893:, which gives rise to a complex structure for verbs in the form of affixes. Unlike standard Swahili, Settla verbs do not feature any negative, subject marking, relative pronoun marking, or object marking affixes. However, Settla can still convey these aspects by using other words and not verb-bound affixes. 989:
We can see in the examples below that in standard Swahili, the definite time marker attaches closer to the verb stem as opposed to the subject prefix, and that the 3pl marking affix is also present in the verb. In Settla, the 3pl affix is removed, forcing the definite time affix to attach to the verb
896:
For example, if one looks at personal pronoun subject marking in standard Swahili, one would find that these subject affixes are required for the verb. In Settla, in a form that perhaps mimics English, these affixes are absent and replaced by outside personal pronoun nouns, which only rarely occurs
1431:
verb in standard Swahili is expanded in Settla to uses outside of the standard Swahili usage which indicate place in n-class or indefinite-class nouns. It is used more generally as a locative, ignoring other more specific affixes that would occur in standard. Iko may also be used in Settla as a
1416:
As noted above, Settla generally lacks verb constructions that in standard Swahili require a complement affix. However the one large exception occurs where standard Swahili would use a subjunctive, the Settla form of the verb would take on the infinitive prefix ku- (to in English). One brief
1111:
As opposed to direct objects, indirect objects in standard Swahili are given precedence to be marked. This indirect object must also carry a dative case suffix. In Settla, the dative suffix is omitted, and the syntactic structure mimics English again, like in the example above.
1124:(commonly meaning 'no' in standard Swahili) in a more free manner (generally mimicking English syntax) to negate the verb that follows. Note that in the last declarative example, the syntactic structure changes in Settla, mimicking English. 1847:
of Kenya: standard Swahili and English. The lexicon is also heavily influenced by geographical, social, and emotional factors. Although geography factors into the lexicon, it is unknown if Settla has different geographical dialects.
1855:
version of English, and in fact sometimes whole sentences can come out in English. Due to the rise of English education in Kenya, it is possible for communication to feature more and more English words and phrases.
1681:
Tense in Settla is heavily reduced to only 3 forms (Standard has 11). na-, the standard present tense affix often can mean future tense as well. The tense of a phrase is generally determined contextually.
631:
are often more aspirated in Settla when compared to standard Swahili. This is particularly true when these stops are in word-initial position or require more articulation.
1951: 1936: 127: 1891: 1118:
Standard Swahili features many ways of negating verbs (including marking a verb with an affix), whereas Settla uses the word
832:
A thorough investigation into the morphology of Settla has not occurred, but there are some general patterns that hold true.
840:
Settla features a noun class system that differs from standard Swahili, which like most Bantu languages contains a rich
182:. It was used mainly by native English speaking European colonists for communication with the native Swahili speakers. 1421:
is sometimes used to indicate purpose, and therefore appears to form a restriction between kwa and ku- co-occurring.
198:—created a complex relationship between English and the native languages of the countries where Settla is spoken. 1115:
Affixes marking an object that are featured in standard Swahili are also replaced by separate words in Settla.
707:'rotten' contain /v/, whereas in Settla, both words for 'elephant' and 'strength' can freely use either or : 695:
in Settla show a different allophonic distribution than in standard Swahili. For example, in standard Swahili
141: 820: 816: 809: 802: 787: 776: 761: 754: 747: 740: 733: 726: 692: 688: 682: 675: 668: 661: 639: 635: 605: 597: 589: 564: 545: 535: 527: 519: 511: 490: 482: 474: 451: 441: 431: 419: 401: 393: 385: 375: 358: 350: 342: 332: 310: 302: 294: 284: 1946: 1903:
Vitale, Anthony (1980). "Kisetla: Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Aspects of a Pidgin Swahili of Kenya".
1941: 812:
are changed, typical Arabic loanwords that feature those segments are practically never used in Settla.
874: 841: 410: 254: 228: 1870: 878: 577: 212: 8: 461: 1912: 1844: 249: 798:, with there seeming to be a preference towards the corresponding English form. Since 117: 466: 324: 269: 259: 195: 1865: 367: 244: 239: 216: 191: 168: 77: 1852: 264: 69: 146: 552: 319: 1424:
Many other affixes within a standard Swahili verb are replaced within Settla.
1930: 1428: 890: 101: 1916: 861: 276: 503: 110: 94: 897:
in standard Swahili. The personal pronouns of Settla are as follow:
819:
does not occur by itself in Settla as it does in standard Swahili.
873:
Numeral adjectives and certain adverbial forms do not always show
1843:
Settla's lexicon is considered to be on a continuum between the
860:
nouns that feature an initial nasal followed by a stop undergo
179: 171: 80: 44: 175: 48: 1417:
exception to this exception though, is that the preposition
857:
ki-/vi- and m-/wa- classes tend to occur in singular form.
190:
British colonization in the region—largely in what is now
1851:
It is not uncommon for parts of Settla speech to be in a
854:
m-/mi- and ji-/ma- classes only occur in the plural form.
823:
alternates between a stop , and a nasal plus stop .
227:
Settla contains a different and more reduced set of
1928: 174:mainly spoken in large European settlements in 998:(they) appears to be fairly absent in Settla: 1119: 1097: 1079: 1054: 1036: 1026: 158: 32: 1859: 1952:Languages attested from the 2nd millennium 1380: 1321: 1277: 1227: 1194: 1144: 907: 904: 750:, however these do not occur in Settla. 1357: 868: 1929: 1902: 1896: 1884: 1802: 1591: 1497: 1347: 1311: 1757: 1710: 1432:copula alternating with ni or NULL. 1155: 657:Settla lacks the implosive variants 16:Swahili pidgin from Kenya and Zambia 13: 990:directly, and the pronoun used is 14: 1963: 1937:Swahili-based pidgins and creoles 722:Some dialects of Swahili feature 638:in standard Swahili, Settla uses 211:Settla appears to have a similar 1892:New Updated Guthrie List Online 1480:{ku-na / wa-ko} watu wengi hapa 1238: 835: 790:will always merge into either 1: 1877: 1864:Settla can be seen spoken in 1533:'There are many people here.' 1486:'There are many people here.' 827: 222: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 201: 7: 1905:Anthropological Linguistics 719:always contains in Settla. 10: 1968: 1838: 1483:there-are people many here 1297:'He hasn't gotten married' 1258:'He hasn't gotten married' 884: 185: 1363:m '-si- -ni- -pig- -en- i 921: 576: 551: 460: 318: 275: 236: 206: 140: 124: 108: 92: 87: 66: 54: 40: 31: 26: 21: 1890:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. 1860:Usage in popular culture 1366:you.PL NEG me hit PL IMP 764:are usually merged into 654:'hit', 'cook' in Settla. 1830:'I will come tomorrow.' 1785:'I will come tomorrow.' 1738:'I will come tomorrow.' 1120: 851:n- nouns are identical. 650:'cook' in standard and 231:than standard Swahili. 159: 33: 1845:two official languages 891:agglutinative language 779:is always merged into 1871:Green Hills of Africa 1408:'Don't (you) hit me!' 1369:'Don't (you) hit me!' 1827:I PRES come tomorrow 1530:LOC people many here 875:concordial agreement 869:Concordial agreement 772:respectively, while 1824:mimi na- kuja kesho 1782:I FUT come tomorrow 1779:mimi ta- kuja kesho 1735:I FUT come tomorrow 1527:Iko mutu mingi hapa 715:. However 'rotten' 1947:Settlers of Zambia 1866:Ernest Hemingway's 1732:ni -ta- kuja kesho 1208:mimi hapana anguka 1103:'They are sitting' 1060:'They are sitting' 994:(he / she), since 1942:Settlers of Kenya 1836: 1835: 1688:Standard Swahili 1679: 1678: 1566:(yeye) ni mgonjwa 1438:Standard Swahili 1414: 1413: 1255:NEG/he PERF marry 1214:'I will not fall' 1175:'I will not fall' 1130:Standard Swahili 1109: 1108: 1004:Standard Swahili 987: 986: 842:noun class system 613: 612: 152: 151: 1959: 1921: 1920: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1868:nonfiction work 1804: 1759: 1712: 1685: 1684: 1605:yeye iko mgonjwa 1593: 1499: 1435: 1434: 1402:hapana piga mimi 1382: 1359: 1349: 1323: 1313: 1279: 1240: 1229: 1196: 1157: 1146: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1099: 1096:{they (he/she)} 1081: 1056: 1050:wao wa- -na- kaa 1038: 1028: 1001: 1000: 900: 899: 879:standard Swahili 822: 818: 815:The nasal velar 811: 804: 789: 778: 763: 756: 749: 742: 735: 728: 703:'strength', and 694: 690: 684: 677: 670: 663: 641: 637: 619:Voiceless stops 607: 599: 591: 566: 547: 537: 529: 521: 513: 492: 484: 476: 453: 443: 433: 421: 403: 395: 387: 377: 360: 352: 344: 334: 312: 304: 296: 286: 234: 233: 217:standard Swahili 162: 136: 130: 120: 104: 97: 72: 36: 19: 18: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1862: 1841: 1832: 1822: 1814: 1806: 1796: 1787: 1777: 1769: 1761: 1751: 1740: 1730: 1722: 1714: 1704: 1675: 1665: 1657: 1648: 1640:yeye ni mgonjwa 1638: 1630: 1622: 1613: 1603: 1595: 1585: 1574: 1564: 1556: 1548: 1535: 1525: 1517: 1509: 1501: 1488: 1478: 1470: 1462: 1454: 1410: 1400: 1392: 1384: 1371: 1361: 1351: 1341: 1333: 1325: 1315: 1299: 1289: 1281: 1271: 1260: 1250: 1242: 1232: 1216: 1206: 1198: 1188: 1177: 1167: 1159: 1149: 1105: 1091: 1083: 1073: 1062: 1048: 1040: 1030: 1020: 887: 871: 838: 830: 642:. For example: 257: 225: 215:as compared to 209: 204: 188: 165:Settler Swahili 134: 131: 126: 116: 100: 93: 83: 73: 70:Language family 68: 57: 56:Native speakers 22:Settler Swahili 17: 12: 11: 5: 1965: 1955: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1923: 1922: 1895: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1861: 1858: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1815: 1807: 1797: 1789: 1788: 1770: 1762: 1752: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1723: 1715: 1705: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1677: 1676: 1658: 1650: 1649: 1631: 1623: 1615: 1614: 1596: 1586: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1557: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1518: 1510: 1502: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1471: 1463: 1455: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1412: 1411: 1393: 1385: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1352: 1342: 1334: 1326: 1316: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1291:yeye hapana oa 1282: 1272: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1243: 1233: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1199: 1189: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1172:NEG/I FUT fall 1169:si -ta- anguka 1160: 1150: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1107: 1106: 1084: 1074: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1041: 1031: 1021: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1005: 985: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 959: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 933: 932: 929: 928:Second Person 926: 923: 920: 919:Second Person 917: 914: 910: 909: 906: 903: 889:Swahili is an 886: 883: 870: 867: 866: 865: 858: 855: 852: 837: 834: 829: 826: 825: 824: 813: 720: 686: 655: 632: 611: 610: 608: 600: 592: 584: 582: 580: 574: 573: 571: 569: 567: 559: 557: 555: 549: 548: 540: 538: 530: 522: 514: 506: 500: 499: 497: 495: 493: 485: 477: 469: 464: 458: 457: 455: 445: 435: 425: 423: 413: 407: 406: 404: 396: 388: 380: 378: 370: 364: 363: 361: 353: 345: 337: 335: 327: 322: 316: 315: 313: 305: 297: 289: 287: 279: 273: 272: 267: 262: 252: 247: 242: 237: 224: 221: 208: 205: 203: 200: 187: 184: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 132: 125: 122: 121: 114: 106: 105: 98: 90: 89: 88:Language codes 85: 84: 76: 74: 67: 64: 63: 58: 55: 52: 51: 42: 38: 37: 29: 28: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1964: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1883: 1875: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1857: 1854: 1849: 1846: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1466: 1461: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1449:ku-na / wa-ko 1445: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1116: 1113: 1104: 1101: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1071:they (he/she) 1069: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 997: 993: 961: 960: 935: 934: 931:Third Person 930: 927: 925:First Person 924: 922:Third Person 918: 916:First Person 915: 912: 911: 902: 901: 898: 894: 892: 882: 880: 876: 863: 859: 856: 853: 850: 849: 848: 845: 843: 833: 814: 808: 801: 797: 793: 786: 782: 775: 771: 767: 760: 753: 746: 739: 732: 725: 721: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 687: 681: 674: 667: 660: 656: 653: 649: 645: 633: 630: 626: 622: 618: 617: 616: 609: 604: 601: 596: 593: 588: 585: 583: 581: 579: 575: 572: 570: 568: 563: 560: 558: 556: 554: 550: 544: 541: 539: 534: 531: 526: 523: 518: 515: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 498: 496: 494: 489: 486: 481: 478: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 459: 456: 450: 446: 440: 436: 430: 426: 424: 418: 414: 412: 409: 408: 405: 400: 397: 392: 389: 384: 381: 379: 374: 371: 369: 366: 365: 362: 357: 354: 349: 346: 341: 338: 336: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 317: 314: 309: 306: 301: 298: 293: 290: 288: 283: 280: 278: 274: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 235: 232: 230: 220: 218: 214: 199: 197: 193: 183: 181: 177: 173: 170: 166: 161: 156: 148: 145: 143: 139: 133: 129: 123: 119: 115: 113: 112: 107: 103: 99: 96: 91: 86: 82: 79: 75: 71: 65: 62: 59: 53: 50: 46: 43: 39: 35: 30: 25: 20: 1911:(2): 47–65. 1908: 1904: 1898: 1886: 1869: 1863: 1850: 1842: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1801: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1756: 1753: 1748: 1745: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1709: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1680: 1673:'He is ill.' 1672: 1669: 1667:yeye mgonjwa 1666: 1662: 1659: 1654: 1651: 1646:'He is ill.' 1645: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1611:'He is ill.' 1610: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1590: 1587: 1582: 1579: 1572:'He is ill.' 1571: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1553: 1550: 1545: 1542: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1493: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1448: 1426: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1389: 1386: 1379: 1376: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1346: 1343: 1338: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1320: 1317: 1309: 1306: 1296: 1294:he NEG marry 1293: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1268: 1265: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1237: 1234: 1226: 1223: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1182: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1154: 1151: 1143: 1140: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1102: 1095: 1093:yeye na- kaa 1092: 1088: 1085: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1059: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1035: 1032: 1025: 1022: 1017: 1014: 995: 991: 988: 954:you (y'all) 895: 888: 872: 846: 839: 836:Noun classes 831: 806: 799: 795: 791: 784: 780: 773: 769: 765: 758: 751: 744: 737: 730: 723: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 699:'elephant', 696: 679: 672: 665: 658: 651: 647: 643: 628: 624: 620: 614: 602: 594: 586: 561: 542: 532: 524: 516: 508: 487: 479: 471: 448: 438: 428: 416: 398: 390: 382: 372: 355: 347: 339: 329: 307: 299: 291: 281: 255:Postalveolar 226: 213:vowel system 210: 189: 164: 154: 153: 128:Guthrie code 109: 60: 1252:ha '-ja- oa 864:of a vowel. 847:In Settla: 713:nguvu/ngufu 709:ndovu/ndofu 578:Approximant 1931:Categories 1878:References 1608:he LOC ill 1211:I NEG fall 971:yeye ~ ye 968:wewe ~ we 965:mimi ~ mi 862:epenthesis 828:Morphology 229:consonants 223:Consonants 1853:bantuized 1643:he is ill 1569:he is ill 1452:there-are 1405:NEG hit I 1053:they 3PL 948:it, that 913:Language 905:Singular 634:For some 504:Voiceless 462:Fricative 411:Aspirated 202:Phonology 111:Glottolog 95:ISO 639-3 1917:30027756 1820:tomorrow 1775:tomorrow 1728:tomorrow 1429:locative 1098:DEF.TIME 1080:DEF.TIME 1055:DEF.TIME 1037:DEF.TIME 980:(ninyi) 945:he, she 936:English 877:like in 250:Alveolar 118:sett1235 1839:Lexicon 1691:Settla 1660:mgonjwa 1633:mgonjwa 1598:mgonjwa 1559:mgonjwa 1441:Settla 1427:iko, a 1133:Settla 1007:Settla 962:Settla 908:Plural 885:Affixes 615:Notes: 325:Plosive 270:Glottal 260:palatal 186:Origins 169:Swahili 167:, is a 160:Kisetla 78:Swahili 34:Kisetla 1915:  1670:he ill 1543:(yeye) 1507:people 1460:people 1377:hapana 1274:hapana 1201:anguka 1191:hapana 1162:anguka 1121:hapana 983:(wao) 743:, and 678:, and 646:'hit' 627:, and 467:Voiced 368:Tenuis 245:Dental 240:Labial 207:Vowels 196:Zambia 180:Zambia 172:pidgin 163:), or 155:Settla 147:Settla 81:pidgin 45:Zambia 41:Region 27:Settla 1913:JSTOR 1817:kesho 1772:kesho 1725:kesho 1512:mingi 1465:wengi 1336:-pig- 1318:'-si- 1287:marry 1248:marry 1235:'-ja- 977:sisi 957:they 717:mbovu 705:mbovu 701:nguvu 697:ndovu 442:/tʃʰ/ 351:/d̠ʒ/ 277:Nasal 265:Velar 192:Kenya 176:Kenya 49:Kenya 1812:come 1809:kuja 1803:PRES 1791:mimi 1767:come 1764:kuja 1746:mimi 1720:come 1717:kuja 1707:-ta- 1652:yeye 1617:yeye 1580:yeye 1523:here 1520:hapa 1515:many 1504:mutu 1476:here 1473:hapa 1468:many 1457:watu 1395:mimi 1387:piga 1344:-en- 1328:-ni- 1310:you. 1266:yeye 1239:PERF 1204:fall 1183:mimi 1165:fall 1152:-ta- 1068:yeye 1033:-na- 1018:they 992:yeye 974:ile 942:you 805:and 768:and 691:and 652:piga 648:pika 644:piga 553:Flap 452:/kʰ/ 432:/tʰ/ 420:/pʰ/ 394:/tʃ/ 320:Stop 194:and 178:and 135:G40C 61:None 1799:na- 1758:FUT 1754:ta- 1711:FUT 1663:ill 1636:ill 1601:ill 1592:LOC 1588:iko 1562:ill 1498:LOC 1494:Iko 1419:kwa 1390:hit 1381:NEG 1358:IMP 1339:hit 1322:NEG 1278:NEG 1230:/he 1228:NEG 1195:NEG 1156:FUT 1145:NEG 1100:sit 1089:sit 1086:kaa 1076:na- 1057:sit 1046:sit 1043:kaa 1027:3PL 1023:wa- 1015:wao 996:wao 951:we 821:/ŋ/ 817:/ŋ/ 810:/x/ 803:/ɣ/ 794:or 788:/x/ 777:/ɣ/ 762:/ð/ 755:/θ/ 748:/x/ 741:/ɣ/ 734:/θ/ 727:/ð/ 693:/v/ 689:/f/ 683:/ɠ/ 676:/ʄ/ 669:/ɗ/ 662:/ɓ/ 640:/g/ 636:/k/ 606:/w/ 598:/j/ 590:/l/ 565:/ɾ/ 546:/h/ 536:/ʃ/ 528:/s/ 520:/θ/ 512:/f/ 491:/z/ 483:/ð/ 475:/v/ 402:/k/ 386:/t/ 376:/p/ 359:/g/ 343:/d/ 333:/b/ 311:/ŋ/ 303:/ɲ/ 295:/n/ 285:/m/ 142:ELP 102:sta 1933:: 1909:22 1907:. 1874:. 1699:ni 1655:he 1628:is 1625:ni 1620:he 1583:he 1554:is 1551:ni 1546:he 1348:PL 1331:me 1312:PL 1284:oa 1269:he 1245:oa 1224:ha 1147:/I 1141:si 939:I 881:. 807:kh 800:gh 785:kh 783:. 774:gh 759:dh 757:, 752:th 745:kh 738:gh 736:, 731:th 729:, 724:dh 711:, 671:, 664:, 623:, 533:sh 517:th 480:dh 454:) 444:) 439:ch 434:) 422:) 391:ch 308:ng 300:ny 258:/ 219:. 47:, 1919:. 1794:I 1749:I 1702:I 1398:I 1354:i 1307:m 1186:I 796:h 792:k 781:g 770:z 766:s 685:. 680:g 673:j 666:d 659:b 629:k 625:t 621:p 603:w 595:y 587:l 562:r 543:h 525:s 509:f 488:z 472:v 449:k 447:( 437:( 429:t 427:( 417:p 415:( 399:k 383:t 373:p 356:g 348:j 340:d 330:b 292:n 282:m 157:(

Index

Zambia
Kenya
Language family
Swahili
pidgin
ISO 639-3
sta
Glottolog
sett1235
Guthrie code
ELP
Settla
Swahili
pidgin
Kenya
Zambia
Kenya
Zambia
vowel system
standard Swahili
consonants
Labial
Dental
Alveolar
Postalveolar
palatal
Velar
Glottal
Nasal
Stop

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