7627:
8444:
8792:
8484:
2322:
7805:
having gained sexual equality with men, and having achieved a level of financial success and comfort enjoyed primarily by
Tiffany's-encrusted doyennes of Laguna Beach." These images may be harmful, particularly to women and racial and ethnic minority groups. For example, a study of African American women found they feel that media portrayals of themselves often reinforce stereotypes of this group as overly sexual and idealize images of lighter-skinned, thinner African American women (images African American women describe as objectifying). In a recent analysis of images of Haitian women in the Associated Press photo archive from 1994 to 2009, several themes emerged emphasizing the "otherness" of Haitian women and characterizing them as victims in need of rescue.
7946:
times the general US population rate (4%)". Further discrimination is faced by gender nonconforming individuals, whether transitioning or not, because of displacement from societally acceptable gender binaries and visible stigmatization. According to the NTDS, transgender gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals face between eight percent and 15% higher rates of self and social discrimination and violence than binary transgender individuals. Lisa R. Miller and Eric
Anthony Grollman found in their 2015 study that "gender nonconformity may heighten trans people's exposure to discrimination and health-harming behaviors. Gender nonconforming trans adults reported more events of major and everyday transphobic discrimination than their gender conforming counterparts."
7692:
presented as sexual objects experiencing sexual pleasure in rape, incest or other sexual assault; or (iv) women are presented as sexual objects tied up, cut up or mutilated or bruised or physically hurt; or (v) women are presented in postures or positions of sexual submission, servility, or display; or (vi) women's body partsâincluding but not limited to vaginas, breasts, or buttocksâare exhibited such that women are reduced to those parts; or (vii) women are presented being penetrated by objects or animals; or (viii) women are presented in scenarios of degradation, humiliation, injury, torture, shown as filthy or inferior, bleeding, bruised, or hurt in a context that makes these conditions sexual."
7297:
8351:
7986:
2858:
women pursuing math". Through the experiment comparing the math outcomes of women under two various gender-math stereotype components, which are the ability of math and the effort on math respectively, Thoman and others found that women's math performance is more likely to be affected by the negative ability stereotype, which is influenced by sociocultural beliefs in the United States, rather than the effort component. As a result of this experiment and the sociocultural beliefs in the United States, Thoman and others concluded that individuals' academic outcomes can be affected by the gender-math stereotype component that is influenced by the sociocultural beliefs.
8056:
8491:
8609:
2676:
2383:
8362:
9071:
2170:. Specifically, the word sexism appears in Leet's forum contribution "Women and the Undergraduate", and she defines it by comparing it to racism, stating in part, "When you argue ... that since fewer women write good poetry this justifies their total exclusion, you are taking a position analogous to that of the racistâI might call you, in this case, a 'sexist' ... Both the racist and the sexist are acting as if all that has happened had never happened, and both of them are making decisions and coming to conclusions about someone's value by referring to factors which are in both cases irrelevant."
54:
7825:
under the veil of benign amusement, thus precluding challenges or opposition that nonhumorous sexist communication would likely incur." A study of 73 male undergraduate students by Ford found that "sexist humor can promote the behavioral expression of prejudice against women amongst sexist men". According to the study, when sexism is presented in a humorous manner it is viewed as tolerable and socially acceptable: "Disparagement of women through humor 'freed' sexist participants from having to conform to the more general and more restrictive norms regarding discrimination against women."
8688:
imprisonment if convicted. The gender disparity varies according to the nature of the case. For example, the gender gap is less pronounced in fraud cases than in drug trafficking and firearms. This disparity occurs in US federal courts, despite guidelines designed to avoid differential sentencing. The death penalty may also suffer from gender bias. According to Shatz and Shatz, "he present study confirms what earlier studies have shown: that the death penalty is imposed on women relatively infrequently and that it is disproportionately imposed for the killing of women".
8462:(WHO) as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". The WHO further states, "The practice has no health benefits for girls and women and cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, as well as complications in childbirth and increased risk of newborn deaths." It "is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women" and "constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women". The
8476:
14455:
existence of ambiguity, subtlety, and irony. It overlooks the boundary between fantasy, imagination, and ideas, on the one hand, and behavior on the other.126 Ultimately, it denies individual autonomy, assuming that at least some viewers of "pornography" will automatically react to it in a simplistic, "monkey-see, monkey-do" fashion. In the words of
Professor McCormack, pro-censorship feminists "reject the distinction between thought and deed which is both the cornerstone of liberal democracy and the foundation of a humanistic model of human nature."
7229:
4910:
8310:, which some see as a result of school systems being more likely to apply these labels to males. A recent study by the OECD in over 60 countries found that teachers give boys lower grades for the same work. The researchers attribute this to stereotypical ideas about boys and recommend teachers to be aware of this gender bias. One study found that students give female professors worse evaluation scores than male professors, even though the students appear to do as well under female professors as male professors.
8136:
9647:
Theoretically, gender discrimination has been described as (1) the unequal rewards that men and women receive in the workplace or academic environment because of their gender or sex difference (DiThomaso, 1989); (2) a process occurring in work or educational settings in which an individual is overtly or covertly limited access to an opportunity or a resource because of a sex or is given the opportunity or the resource reluctantly and may face harassment for picking it (Roeske & Pleck, 1983); or (3) both.
7857:, "although the majority of federal courts to consider the issue have concluded that discrimination on the basis of gender identity is not sex discrimination, there have been several courts that have reached the opposite conclusion". Hurst states that "ourts often confuse sex, gender and sexual orientation, and confuse them in a way that results in denying the rights not only of gays and lesbians, but also of those who do not present themselves or act in a manner traditionally expected of their sex".
2839:
8856:
14563:
a prostitute' lacked credibility as complainants, which made it difficult for the prosecution to prove the sexual assault beyond a reasonable doubt. Women in any of these categories were seen at law as 'commonly available' to men, as always consenting to sexual activity and thus, as not able to be raped. Men accused of sexual assault were therefore able to use evidence of prostitution to defend themselves, to undermine the credibility of rape complainants and to successfully avoid conviction.
2489:
19481:
2767:
8303:
10.8 million college students enrolled in the United States. However, research by Diane
Halpern has indicated that boys receive more attention, praise, blame and punishment in the grammar-school classroom, and "this pattern of more active teacher attention directed at male students continues at the postsecondary level". Over time, female students speak less in a classroom setting. Teachers also tend to spend more time supporting the academic achievements of girls.
2722:
shown that gender differences in the media are less evident today than they used to be in the 1980s, but are still present. Certain issues (e.g., education) are likely to be linked with female candidates, while other issues (e.g., taxes) are likely to be linked with male candidates. In addition, there is more emphasis on female candidates' personal qualities, such as their appearance and their personality, as females are portrayed as emotional and dependent.
23968:
21466:
24004:
8830:
outlawed it later, mostly in the 1980s and 1990s; some countries outlawed it in the 2000s. The WHO wrote that: "Marriage is often used to legitimize a range of forms of sexual violence against women. The custom of marrying off young children, particularly girls, is found in many parts of the world. This practiceâlegal in many countriesâis a form of sexual violence, since the children involved are unable to give or withhold their consent".
24016:
23956:
6928:
2887:
85:
23978:
2748:: a regular menu with the prices listed for men and a second menu for women, which did not have the prices listed (it was called the "ladies' menu"), so that the female diner would not know the prices of the items. In 1980, Kathleen Bick took a male business partner out to dinner at L'Orangerie in West Hollywood. After she was given a women's menu without prices and her guest got one with prices, Bick hired lawyer
7837:. Gender identity is "the gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's designated sex at birth". Gender discrimination is theoretically different from sexism. Whereas sexism is prejudice based on biological sex, gender discrimination specifically addresses discrimination towards gender identities, including
8729:... roughly 30% of the gender differences in incarceration cannot be explained by the observed criminal characteristics of offense and offender. We also find evidence of considerable heterogeneity across judges in their treatment of female and male offenders. There is little evidence, however, that tastes for gender discrimination are driving the mean gender disparity or the variance in treatment between judges.
21476:
7475:
8276:, where in the US women received only 21% of the undergraduate degrees, and in engineering, where women obtained only 19% of the degrees in 2008. Only one out of five of physics doctorates in the US are awarded to women, and only about half those women are American. Of all the physics professors in the country, only 14% are women. As of 2019, women account for just 27% of all workers in
14358:(2nd ed). "Sex forced on real women so that it can be sold at a profit to be forced on other real women; women's bodies trussed and maimed and raped and made into things to be hurt and obtained and accessed, and this presented as the nature of women; the coercion that is visible and the coercion that has become invisibleâthis and more grounds the feminist concern with pornography"
7189:: performance pressures, social isolation, and role encapsulation. Tokenism could be used to camouflage sexism, to preserve male workers' advantage in the workplace. No link exists between the proportion of women working in an organization/company and the improvement of their working conditions. Ignoring sexist issues may exacerbate women's occupational problems.
7723:
that meant more beer. When she said she would prefer to go home, that means she's a lesbian who needs to be given a good corrective experience. Pornography promotes these rape myths and desensitizes people to violence against women so that you need more violence to become sexually aroused if you're a pornography consumer. This is very well documented.
7650:. Nudity is not banned, and nude people can be used to advertise a product if they are relevant to the product advertised. Sol Olving, head of Norway's Kreativt Forum (an association of the country's top advertising agencies) explained, "You could have a naked person advertising shower gel or a cream, but not a woman in a bikini draped across a car".
7308:, which states that if a good or service (in this case, labor) is in demand and has value it will find its price in the market. If a worker offered equal value for less pay, supply and demand would indicate a greater demand for lower-paid workers. If a business hired lower-wage workers for the same work, it would lower its costs and enjoy a
2666:... Ensuring that women have full autonomy over their bodies is the first crucial step towards achieving substantive equality between women and men. Personal issuesâsuch as when, how and with whom they choose to have sex, and when, how and with whom they choose to have childrenâare at the heart of living a life in dignity.
8668:, and other domestic disputes when women are killed by their partners. As a result of the defense exhibiting a strong gender bias, and being a form of legitimization of male violence against women and minimization of the harm caused by violence against women, it has been abolished or restricted in several jurisdictions.
7386:
observed significant gender difference in promotion". In the high-tech industry, research shows that, regardless of the intra-firm changes, "extra-organizational pressures will likely contribute to continued gender stratification as firms upgrade, leading to the potential masculinization of skilled high-tech work".
7267:
the lower end of income distribution. The research also found that "wage arrears and payment in-kind attenuated wage discrimination, particularly amongst the lowest paid workers, suggesting that
Russian enterprise managers assigned lowest importance to equity considerations when allocating these forms of payment".
8769:, "Discriminatory attitudes towards women and girls also means access to sex education and contraceptives are near impossible ". The organization has also criticized laws and policies which require the husband's consent for a woman to use reproductive health services as being discriminatory and dangerous to
14562:
In common law jurisdictions like the United
Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, some of the evidentiary jurisprudence clearly linked chastity with veracity. So women who were or had been sex workers, those who were 'rumoured' to be prostitutes or who were simply promiscuous and behaving 'like
8385:
The assignment of gender-specific baby clothes can instill in children a belief in negative gender stereotypes. One example is the assignment in some countries of the color pink to girls and blue to boys. The fashion is recent one. At the beginning of the 20th century the trend was the opposite: blue
8293:
shows that 79.7% of women are literate, compared to 88.6% of men (aged 15 and over). In some parts of the world, girls continue to be excluded from proper public or private education. In parts of
Afghanistan, girls who go to school face serious violence from some local community members and religious
7932:
Transgender discrimination is discrimination towards peoples whose gender identity differs from the social expectations of the biological sex they were born with. Forms of discrimination include but are not limited to identity documents not reflecting one's gender, sex-segregated public restrooms and
7714:
of the women who perform and model in it. Opponents of pornography charge that it presents a distorted image of sexual relations and reinforces sexual myths; it shows women as continually available and willing to engage in sex at any time, with any person, on their terms, responding positively to any
7435:
wrote: "An employer who fires an individual for being homosexual or transgender fires that person for traits or actions it would not have questioned in members of a different sex. Sex plays a necessary and undisguisable role in the decision, exactly what Title VII forbids." The ruling however did not
7348:
Some variables that help explain the non-adjusted gender pay gap include economic activity, working time, and job tenure. Gender-specific factors, including gender differences in qualifications and discrimination, overall wage structure, and the differences in remuneration across industry sectors all
7270:
The gender pay gap has been attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between men and women (such as education, hours worked and occupation), innate behavioral and biological differences between men and women and discrimination in the labor market (such as gender stereotypes
7066:
speakers have also raised questions about how sexism intersects with grammar. The German language is heavily inflected for gender, number, and case; nearly all nouns denoting the occupations or statuses of human beings are gender-differentiated. For more gender-neutral constructions, gerund nouns are
6969:
Sexism in language exists when language devalues members of a certain gender. Sexist language, in many instances, promotes male superiority. Sexism in language affects consciousness, perceptions of reality, encoding and transmitting cultural meanings and socialization. Researchers have pointed to the
2752:
to file a discrimination lawsuit, on the grounds that the women's menu went against the
California Civil Rights Act. Bick stated that getting a women's menu without prices left her feeling "humiliated and incensed". The owners of the restaurant defended the practice, saying it was done as a courtesy,
8829:
The criminalization of marital rape is very recent, having occurred during the past few decades; in many countries it is still legal. Several countries in
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia made spousal rape illegal before 1970; other European countries and some English-speaking countries outside Europe
8691:
There have been several reasons postulated for the gender criminal justice disparity in the United States. One of the most common is the expectation that women are predominantly care-givers. Other possible reasons include the "girlfriend theory" (whereby women are seen as tools of their boyfriends),
8687:
In the United States, some studies have shown that for identical crimes, men are given harsher sentences than women. Controlling for arrest offense, criminal history, and other pre-charge variables, sentences are over 60% heavier for men. Women are more likely to avoid charges entirely, and to avoid
8675:
in Latin
American countries has been deemed to have its origin in the view that women are property. In 2002, Widney Brown, advocacy director for Human Rights Watch, stated that, "o-called crimes of passion have a similar dynamic in that the women are killed by male family members and the crimes are
8424:
The production process also faces criticism for sexist practices. In the garment industry, approximately 80 percent of workers are female. Much garment production is located in Asia because of low labor costs. Women who work in these factories are sexually harassed by managers and male workers, paid
8394:
magazine also explained that "he preferred colour to dress young boys in is pink. Blue is reserved for girls as it is considered paler, and the more dainty of the two colours, and pink is thought to be stronger (akin to red)". Today, in many countries, it is considered inappropriate for boys to wear
8181:
are another form of domestic violence practiced in several parts of the world, and their victims are predominantly women. Honor killings can occur because of refusal to enter into an arranged marriage, maintaining a relationship relatives disapprove of, extramarital sex, becoming the victim of rape,
8085:
states that "he prevailing assumption is that where conscription is necessary, it is only men who should be conscripted and, similarly, that only males should be forced into combat". This, he believes, "is a sexist assumption". Anthropologist Ayse GĂŒl Altinay has commented that "given equal suffrage
7824:
argues that sexist jokes can be a form of sexual objectification, which reduce the butt of the joke to an object. They not only objectify women, but can also condone violence or prejudice against women. "Sexist humorâthe denigration of women through humorâfor instance, trivializes sex discrimination
7327:
The non-adjusted gender pay gap (the difference without taking into account differences in working hours, occupations, education, and work experience) is not itself a measure of discrimination. Rather, it combines differences in the average pay of women and men to serve as a barometer of comparison.
7288:
show that a much of the wage differential remains unexplained, after controlling for factors affecting pay. One study of college graduates found that the portion of the pay gap unexplained after all other factors are taken into account is five percent one year after graduating and 12% a decade after
7254:
In the United States, the female-to-male earnings ratio was 0.77 in 2009; female full-time, year-round (FTYR) workers earned 77% as much as male FTYR workers. Women's earnings relative to men's fell from 1960 to 1980 (56.7â54.2%), rose rapidly from 1980 to 1990 (54.2â67.6%), leveled off from 1990 to
8807:
Research by Lisak and Roth into factors motivating perpetrators of sexual assault, including rape, against women revealed a pattern of hatred towards women and pleasure in inflicting psychological and physical trauma, rather than sexual interest. Mary Odem and Peggy Reeves Sanday posit that rape is
8640:
courts), Egypt (in family courts), Iran (in most cases), Iraq (in some cases), Jordan (in Sharia courts), Kuwait (in family courts), Libya (in some cases), Morocco (in family cases), Palestine (in cases related to marriage, divorce and child custody), Qatar (in family law matters), Syria (in Sharia
8174:
which reads: "(1) Nothing is an offence which does not amount to the infliction of grievous hurt upon any persons which is done: (...) (d) by a husband for the purpose of correcting his wife, such husband and wife being subject to any native law or custom in which such correction is recognized
8112:
Conditions in the military have been described as "sexually abusive" and the "sexual persecution" of women. Relentless sexist ridicule, hostility, and sexual harassment has been frequently reported. Women in the military are more likely to be raped by a male fellow soldier than killed by the enemy.
7754:. Sex workers are often objectified and are seen as existing only to serve clients, thus calling their sense of agency into question. There is a prevailing notion that because they sell sex professionally, prostitutes automatically consent to all sexual contact. As a result, sex workers face higher
7377:
In the United States, women account for 52% of the overall labor force, but make up only three percent of corporate CEOs and top executives. Some researchers see the root cause of this situation in the tacit discrimination based on gender, conducted by current top executives and corporate directors
7283:
Estimates of the discriminatory component of the gender pay gap vary. The OECD estimated that approximately 30% of the gender pay gap across OECD countries is because of discrimination. Australian research shows that discrimination accounts for approximately 60% of the wage differential between men
7266:
The gender gap can also vary across-occupation and within occupation. In Taiwan, for example, studies show how the bulk of gender wage discrepancies occur within-occupation. In Russia, research shows that the gender wage gap is distributed unevenly across income levels, and that it mainly occurs at
7213:
In Europe, studies based on field experiments in the labor market, provide evidence for no severe levels of discrimination based on female gender. However, unequal treatment is still measured in particular situations, for instance, when candidates apply for positions at a higher functional level in
2721:
While almost every woman today has the right to vote, there is still progress to be made for women in politics. Studies have shown that in several democracies including Australia, Canada, and the United States, women are still represented using gender stereotypes in the press. Multiple authors have
2661:
Women are frequently treated as property, they are sold into marriage, into trafficking, into sexual slavery. Violence against women frequently takes the form of sexual violence. Victims of such violence are often accused of promiscuity and held responsible for their fate, while infertile women are
8764:
are often investigated by the police under suspicion of having deliberately provoked the miscarriage and are sometimes jailed, a practice which Amnesty International called a "ruthless campaign against women's rights". Doctors may be reluctant to treat pregnant women who are very ill, because they
8710:
Transgender people face widespread discrimination while incarcerated. They are generally housed according to their legal birth sex, rather than their gender identity. Studies have shown that transgender people are at an increased risk for harassment and sexual assault in this environment. They may
7945:
suffer "the combination of anti-transgender bias and persistent, structural and individual racism" and that "black transgender people live in extreme poverty that is more than twice the rate for transgender people of all races (15%), four times the general Black population rate (9%) and over eight
7691:
We define pornography as the graphic sexually explicit subordination of women through pictures and words that also includes (i) women are presented dehumanized as sexual objects, things, or commodities; or (ii) women are presented as sexual objects who enjoy humiliation or pain; or (iii) women are
7240:
Studies have concluded that on average women earn lower wages than men worldwide. Some people argue that this results from widespread gender discrimination in the workplace. Others argue that the wage gap results from different choices by men and women, such as women placing more value than men on
7209:
One study found that female applicants were favored; however, its results have been met with skepticism from other researchers, since it contradicts most other studies on the issue. Joan C. Williams, a distinguished professor at the University of California's Hastings College of Law, raised issues
15839:
Power. Ideologies. Rituals., p. 47 "despite their exclusion from the sphere of power, women were sometimes subjected to conscription not only in the Byzantine Empire, but in any other parts of Europe too"; p. 66: "After that in 811 Krum mobilized thousands of armed women in the battle against the
14454:
By insisting that "pornography" instills misogynistic attitudes, or even behavior, in viewers-or at least male viewers-the feminist pro-censorship faction ignores the subjective, complex nature of the interactions between an individual and a text or an image. This reductionist approach denies the
8866:
Sexism is manifested by the crime of rape targeting women civilians and soldiers, committed by soldiers, combatants or civilians during armed conflict, war or military occupation. This arises from the long tradition of women being seen as sexual booty and from the misogynistic culture of military
8733:
A 2017 study by Knepper found that "female plaintiffs filing workplace sex discrimination claims are substantially more likely to settle and win compensation whenever a female judge is assigned to the case. Additionally, female judges are 15 percentage points less likely than male judges to grant
7722:
Pornography affects people's belief in rape myths. So for example if a woman says "I didn't consent" and people have been viewing pornography, they believe rape myths and believe the woman did consent no matter what she said. That when she said no, she meant yes. When she said she didn't want to,
7465:
and experiences of their formative years, and that Nixon had been socialized as a male growing up, and that, therefore, Nixon would not be able to provide sufficiently effective counselling to the female born women that the shelter served. Nixon took her case to the Supreme Court of Canada, which
7430:
Transgender people also experience significant workplace discrimination and harassment. Unlike sex-based discrimination, refusing to hire (or firing) a worker for their gender identity or expression is not explicitly illegal in most U.S. states. In June 2020, the United States Supreme Court ruled
8313:
Gender bias and gender-based discrimination still permeate the education process in many settings. For example, in the teaching and learning process, including differential engagement, expectations and interactions by teachers with their male and female students, as well as gender stereotypes in
7812:
on males, Samantha and Bridges found an effect on body shame, though not through self-objectification as it was found in comparable studies of women. The authors conclude that the current measures of objectification were designed for women and do not measure men accurately. Another study found a
7397:
Research by David Matsa and Amalia Miller suggests that a remedy to the glass ceiling could be increasing the number of women on corporate boards, which could lead to increases in the number of women working in top management positions. The same research suggests that this could also result in a
7385:
In the economics profession, it has been observed that women are more inclined than men to dedicate their time to teaching and service. Since continuous research work is crucial for promotion, "the cumulative effect of small, contemporaneous differences in research orientation could generate the
2857:
studies have found widely shared cultural beliefs that men are more socially valued and more competent than women in a number of activities. Dustin B. Thoman and others (2008) hypothesize that "he socio-cultural salience of ability versus other components of the gender-math stereotype may impact
9308:
Sexism is any act, attitude, or institutional configuration that systematically subordinates or devalues women. Built upon the belief that men and women are constitutionally different, sexism takes these differences as indications that men are inherently superior to women, which then is used to
7804:
Some scholars believe that media portrayals of demographic groups can both maintain and disrupt attitudes and behaviors toward those groups. According to Susan Douglas: "Since the early 1990s, much of the media have come to overrepresent women as having made it-completely-in the professions, as
7634:
While advertising used to portray women and men in obviously stereotypical roles (e.g., as a housewife, breadwinner), in modern advertisements, they are no longer solely confined to their traditional roles. However, advertising today still stereotypes men and women, albeit in more subtle ways,
7279:
shows that men are eight times more likely to ask for a pay raise, suggesting that pay inequality may be partly a result of behavioral differences between the sexes. However, studies generally find that a portion of the gender pay gap remains unexplained after accounting for factors assumed to
9646:
Gender or Sex Discrimination: This term refers to the types of gender bias that have a negative impact. The term has legal, as well as theoretical and psychological, definitions. Psychological consequences can be more readily inferred from the latter, but both definitions are of significance.
7410:
women were significantly underrepresented among company bosses, making up between five and 22% of female CEOs. However, the proportion of overweight male CEOs was between 45% and 61%, over-representing overweight men. On the other hand, approximately five percent of CEOs were obese among both
7315:
Research at Cornell University and elsewhere indicates that mothers in the United States are less likely to be hired than equally qualified fathers and, if hired, receive a lower salary than male applicants with children. The OECD found that "a significant impact of children on women's pay is
7169:
many countries, labour market discriminationâi.e. the unequal treatment of equally productive individuals only because they belong to a specific groupâis still a crucial factor inflating disparities in employment and the quality of job opportunities Evidence presented in this edition of the
2561:, the Family Code states that the husband is the head of the household; the wife owes her obedience to her husband; a wife has to live with her husband wherever he chooses to live; and wives must have their husbands' authorization to bring a case in court or initiate other legal proceedings.
7382:, preventing women from accessing powerful, male-dominated professional networks, or same-sex mentors". The glass ceiling effect is noted as being especially persistent for women of color. According to a report, "women of colour perceive a 'concrete ceiling' and not simply a glass ceiling".
7940:
The 2008â09 National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NTDS)âa U.S. study by the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force in collaboration with the National Black Justice Coalition that was, at its time, the most extensive survey of transgender
2693:
was not achieved until 1893, when New Zealand was the first country to grant women the right to vote. Saudi Arabia is the most recent country, as of August 2015, to extend the right to vote to women in 2011. Some Western countries allowed women the right to vote only relatively recently.
8302:
Educational opportunities and outcomes for women have greatly improved in the West. Since 1991, the proportion of women enrolled in college in the United States has exceeded the enrollment rate for men, and the gap has widened over time. As of 2007, women made up the majorityâ54%âof the
8001:, but occur in other parts of the world, too. The practice of marrying young girls is rooted in patriarchal ideologies of control of female behavior and is also sustained by traditional practices such as dowry and bride price. Child marriage is strongly connected with protecting female
7086:, some writers have pointed to sexism inherent in the structure of written characters. For example, the character for man is linked to those for positive qualities like courage and effect while the character for wife is composed of a female part and a broom, considered of low worth.
8419:
Interpretations of religion, culture, or tradition cannot justify imposing rules about dress on those who choose to dress differently. States should take measures to protect individuals from being coerced to dress in specific ways by family members, community or religious groups or
7210:
with its methodology, pointing out that the fictional female candidates it used were unusually well-qualified. Studies using more moderately qualified graduate students have found that male students are much more likely to be hired, offered better salaries, and offered mentorship.
2433:
All wickedness is but little to the wickedness of a woman ... What else is a woman but a foe to friendship, an inescapable punishment, a necessary evil, a natural temptation, a desirable calamity, a domestic danger, a delectable detriment, an evil of nature, painted with fair
8410:
Laws that dictate how women must dress are seen by many international human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International, as gender discrimination. In many countries, women face violence for failing to adhere to certain dress codes, whether by the authorities (such as the
7784:
Prostitution is the use of a woman's body by a man for his own satisfaction. There is no desire or satisfaction on the part of the prostitute. Prostitution is not mutual, pleasurable exchange of the use of bodies, but the unilateral use of a woman's body by a man in exchange for
7398:"feedback cycle in which the presence of more female managers increases the qualified pool of potential female board members (for the companies they manage, as well as other companies), leading to greater female board membership and then further increases in female executives".
7131:
The practice of using first names for individuals from a profession that is predominantly female occurs in health care. Physicians are typically referred to using their last name, but nurses are referred to, even by physicians they do not know, by their first name. According to
7635:
including by sexually objectifying them. Women are most often targets of sexism in advertising. When in advertisements with men they are often shorter and put in the background of images, shown in more "feminine" poses, and generally present a higher degree of "body display".
7028:
One of the most common calls is for gender-neutral language. Many have called attention, however, to the fact that the English language is not inherently sexist in its linguistic system, but the way it is used becomes sexist and gender-neutral language could thus be employed.
7104:. For example, one may refer to a female as a "girl" rather than a "woman", implying that she is subordinate or not fully mature. Other examples include obscene language. Some words are offensive to transgender people, including "tranny", "she-male", or "he-she". Intentional
2343:
depended on their fathers or husbands, but they had property rights and could attend court, including as plaintiffs. Examples of unequal treatment of women in the ancient world include written laws preventing women from participating in the political process; for instance,
2533:
Restrictions on married women's rights were common in Western countries until a few decades ago: for instance, French married women obtained the right to work without their husband's permission in 1965, and in West Germany women obtained this right in 1977. During the
2736:. Speaking about China, Lanyan Chen stated that, since men more than women serve as the gatekeepers of policy making, this may lead to women's needs not being properly represented. In this sense, the inequality in lawmaking power also causes gender discrimination.
8150:
is mostly committed by men against women. In addition, there is a broad consensus that women are more often subjected to severe forms of abuse and are more likely to be injured by an abusive partner. The United Nations recognizes domestic violence as a form of
7769:
Various authors have argued that female prostitution is based on male sexism that condones the idea that unwanted sex with a woman is acceptable, that men's desires must be satisfied, and that women are coerced into and exist to serve men sexually. The
7271:
and customer and employer bias). Women take significantly more time off to raise children than men. In certain countries such as South Korea, it has also been a long-established practice to lay-off female employees upon marriage. A study by Professor
2599:(OMCT) has recognized the "independence and ability to leave an abusive husband" as crucial in stopping mistreatment of women. However, in some parts of the world, once married, women have very little chance of leaving a violent husband: obtaining a
8373:
Feminists argue that clothing and footwear fashion have been oppressive to women, restricting their movements, increasing their vulnerability, and endangering their health. Using thin models in the fashion industry has encouraged the development of
7262:
Research conducted in Czechia and Slovakia shows that, even after the governments passed anti-discrimination legislation, two thirds of the gender gap in wages remained unexplained and segregation continued to "represent a major source of the gap".
8664:. It is meant to be applied when a person kills in the "heat of passion" upon being "provoked" by the behavior of the victim. This defense has been criticized as being gendered, favoring men, because of it being used disproportionately in cases of
7913:
Serano states that oppositional sexism works in tandem with "traditional sexism". This ensures that "those who are masculine have power over those who are feminine, and that only those that are born male will be seen as authentically masculine."
16384:
13734:
7813:
negative effect on eating attitudes and body satisfaction of consumption of beauty and fitness magazines for women and men respectively but again with different mechanisms, namely self-objectification for women and internalization for men.
7165:(OECD) found that while female employment rates have expanded and gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed nearly everywhere, on average women still have 20% less chance to have a job and are paid 17% less than men. The report stated:
2312:
Evidence is lacking to support the idea that many pre-agricultural societies afforded women a higher status than women today, however, historians are reasonably sure that women had roughly equal social power to men in many such societies.
18331:
20492:
8545:(Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo). One reason for this preference is that males are seen as generating more income than females. The trend has grown steadily over the previous decade, and may result in a future shortage of women.
8013:, encouraging premature and continuous child bearing and giving preference to boys' education. Child marriage is also a strategy for economic survival as families marry off their daughters at an early age to reduce their economic burden.
3864:
1062:
17433:
8466:
stated in a 2014 resolution that the practice "clearly goes against the European founding value of equality between women and men and maintains traditional values according to which women are seen as the objects and properties of men".
7761:
In many countries, prostitution is dominated by brothels or pimps, who often claim ownership over sex workers. This sense of ownership furthers the concept that sex workers are void of agency. This is literally the case in instances of
8555:
are also forms of gender-based violence. Forced sterilization was practiced during the first half of the 20th century by many Western countries and there are reports of this practice being currently employed in some countries, such as
11158:
Lelieveld, M. (2011) Child protection in the Somali region of Ethiopia. A report for the Bridges project Piloting the delivery of quality education services in the developing regional states of Ethiopia. Retrieved April 17, 2015 from
7849:
identified people. It is especially attributed to how people are treated in the workplace, and banning discrimination on the basis of gender identity and expression has emerged as a subject of contention in the American legal system.
7605:
According to objectification theory, objectification can have important repercussions on women, particularly young women, as it can negatively impact their psychological health and lead to the development of mental disorders, such as
17299:
7079:("the studying"). However, this approach introduces an element of ambiguity, because gerund nouns more precisely denote one currently engaged in the activity, rather than one who routinely engages in it as their primary occupation.
7731:) argue that pornography does not seriously impact a mentally healthy individual, since the viewer can distinguish between fantasy and reality. Some also contend that both men and women are objectified in pornography, particularly
8066:, or compulsory military service, has been criticized as sexist. During the Modern era, prior to the late 20th century, mostly men were subjected to conscription, although there were several instances of conscription of women in
7060:. Current pressure calls for the use of the masculine plural pronoun as the default in a mixed-sex group to change. As for Spanish, Mexico's Ministry of the Interior published a guide on how to reduce the use of sexist language.
8298:
study of Sri Lankan economic development has suggested that increases in the life expectancy for women encourages educational investment because a longer time horizon increases the value of investments that pay out over time.
7355:
estimated in 2016 that after allowing for average characteristics of men and women, women still earn 11.5% less than men. Since this estimate accounts for average differences between men and women, it is an estimation of the
2299:, the branch which polices and enforces patriarchal norms. Manne says that sexism often attempts to make patriarchal social arrangements seem natural, good, or inevitable so that there appears to be no reason to resist them.
7888:
Oppositional sexism normalizes masculine expression in males and feminine expression in females while simultaneously demonizing femininity in males and masculinity in females. This concept plays a crucial role in supporting
17613:
7374:"The popular notion of glass ceiling effects implies that gender (or other) disadvantages are stronger at the top of the hierarchy than at lower levels and that these disadvantages become worse later in a person's career."
2453:
When women are targeted with accusations of witchcraft and subsequent violence, it is often the case that several forms of discrimination interact â for example, discrimination based on gender with discrimination based on
8532:
Sex-selective abortion involves terminating a pregnancy based upon the predicted sex of the baby. The abortion of female fetuses is most common in areas where a culture values male children over females, such as parts of
8201:, and that legislative provisions allowing for partial or complete defense in that context could be found in the penal codes of Argentina, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Peru, Syria, Venezuela, and the
2512:, where "by marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law; that is the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage". U.S. women were not legally defined as "persons" until 1875 (
17587:, Volume 3, p. 185. Before roughly this date various styles of long robes were in any case commonly worn by adult males of various sorts, so boys wearing them could probably not be said to form a distinct phenomenon.
13739:
8571:
In India, the custom of dowry is strongly related to female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, abandonment and mistreatment of girls. Such practices are especially present in the northwestern part of the country:
11100:
10942:
10780:
10724:"The law states: "The punishment of a wife by her husband, the disciplining by parents and teachers of children under their authority [is permitted] within certain limits prescribed by law or by custom""
9256:
as discrimination against either men or women on the grounds of sex, and also "any devaluation or denigration of women or men, but particularly women, which is embodied in institutions and social relationships".
7415:
effect' on women's advancement may reflect not only general negative stereotypes about the competencies of women but also weight bias that results in the application of stricter appearance standards to women."
12581:
7571:: treating the object as if there is no need for concern for its experiences or feelings: "The objectifier treats the object as something whose experience and feelings (if any) need not be taken into account."
8567:
interacting with the low status of women has been deemed responsible for many abuses, such as female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, abandonment of baby girls, forced abortion, and forced sterilization.
15712:
8819:(not assault by a stranger) is the most common form of rape. Odem also asserts that these rape myths propagate sexist attitudes about men, by perpetuating the belief that men cannot control their sexuality.
6974:. This results in sexism as the male becomes the standard and those who are not male are relegated to the inferior. Sexism in language is considered a form of indirect sexism because it is not always overt.
9369:
lies in its consequences: if it supports male privilege, then it is by definition sexist. I specify 'male privilege' because in every known society where gender inequality exists, males are privileged over
7554:: treating the object as lacking in boundary integrity and violable: "The objectifier treats the object as lacking in boundary integrity, as something that it is permissible to break up, smash, break into."
13189:
2636:
Laws, regulations, and traditions related to marriage continue to discriminate against women in many parts of the world, and to contribute to the mistreatment of women, in particular in areas related to
9659:
De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.
7949:
In another study conducted in collaboration with the League of United Latin American Citizens, Latino/a transgender people who were non-citizens were most vulnerable to harassment, abuse and violence.
10969:"Combating extrajudicial executions, enforced disappearances, torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment in the Philippines by addressing their economic, social and cultural root causes"
8718:
as a form of capital punishment. According to Amnesty International, the majority of those stoned are women and women are disproportionately affected by stoning because of sexism in the legal system.
8703:
Gender discrimination also helps explain the differences between trial outcomes in which some female defendants are sentenced to death and other female defendants are sentenced to lesser punishments.
15865:Đ ŃŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐ” ĐœĐ° ŃŃĐ”ĐŽĐœĐŸĐČĐ”ĐșĐŸĐČĐœĐŸŃĐŸ ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”. ĐĐ”ŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐžŃŃ ĐżŃŃ ĐœĐ° бŃлгаŃĐžŃĐ” (VIIâXV ĐČ.)(in Bulgarian), pp. 91 "Furthermore Khan Krum subjected to conscription thousand of women and Avars in the Battle of Pliska"
8509:
is the systematic killing of members of a specific gender and it is an extreme form of gender-based violence. Female infanticide is more common than male infanticide, and is especially prevalent in
16766:
13744:
2662:
rejected by husbands, families and communities. In many countries, married women may not refuse to have sexual relations with their husbands, and often have no say in whether they use contraception
8265:
Women have traditionally had limited access to higher education. In the past, when women were admitted to higher education, they were encouraged to major in less-scientific subjects; the study of
7548:: treating the object as interchangeable with other objects: "The objectifier treats the object as interchangeable (a) with other objects of the same type, and/or (b) with objects of other types."
7206:
Research has repeatedly shown that mothers in the United States are less likely to be hired than equally qualified fathers and if hired, receive a lower salary than male applicants with children.
18329:
17414:
16250:
10421:
2633:: if the wife wants to leave, her husband may demand the return of the bride price that he had paid to the woman's family; and the woman's family often cannot or does not want to pay it back.
18655:
17309:
8692:
the theory that female defendants are more likely to cooperate with authorities, and that women are often successful at turning their violent crime into victimhood by citing defenses such as
8815:
argue that sexist attitudes are propagated by a series of myths about rape and rapists. They state that in contrast to those myths, rapists often plan a rape before they choose a victim and
7178:
percent of the variation in gender employment gaps and 30 percent of the variation in gender wage gaps across OECD countries can be explained by discriminatory practices in the labor market.
11161:
20461:
7285:
5105:
3825:
2446:. In 2011, a woman was beheaded in that country for "witchcraft and sorcery". Murders of women after being accused of witchcraft remain common in some parts of the world; for example, in
1023:
11074:
14972:
Morry, Marian M.; Staska, Sandra L. (2001). "Magazine exposure: Internalization, self-objectification, eating attitudes, and body satisfaction in male and female university students".
8752:
writes that, "Family planning is central to gender equality and women's empowerment". Women in many countries around the world are denied medical and informational services related to
22353:
8641:
courts), United Arab Emirates (in some civil matters), Yemen (not allowed to testify at all in cases of adultery and retribution), and Saudi Arabia. Such laws have been criticized by
7906:
The concept of opposite genders sets a "dangerous precedent", according to Serano, where "if men are big then women must be small; and if men are strong then women must be weak". The
7455:, they told Nixon that she would not be allowed to volunteer with the organization. Nixon argued that this constituted illegal discrimination under Section 41 of the British Columbia
5017:
16537:
8225:
defended the practice: "These are centuries-old traditions, and I will continue to defend them. Only those who indulge in immoral acts should be afraid." Following the 2006 case of
7025:, have considered language in their theorizing. Most of these theories have maintained a critical stance on language that calls for a change in the way speakers use their language.
2336:
After the adoption of agriculture and sedentary cultures, the concept that one gender was inferior to the other was established; most often this was imposed upon women and girls.
2265:
to describe how stereotypes about women can be both positive and negative, and that individuals compartmentalize the stereotypes they hold into hostile sexism or benevolent sexism.
17620:
10909:
7687:, argues that pornography reduces women to mere tools, and is a form of sex discrimination. The two scholars highlight the link between objectification and pornography by stating:
7100:
Gender-specific pejorative terms intimidate or harm another person because of their gender. Sexism can be expressed in language with negative gender-oriented implications, such as
8826:, rejected by their families, subjected to violence, andâin extreme casesâmay become victims of honor killings because they are deemed to have brought shame upon their families.
18567:
8677:
18855:
11712:
Thoman, Dustin B.; White, Paul H.; Yamawaki, Niwako; Koishi, Hirofumi (2008). "Variations of Genderâmath Stereotype Content Affect Women's Vulnerability to Stereotype Threat".
12895:
11257:
2206:
based on the belief that one sex is superior to another. It is discrimination, prejudice, or stereotyping based on gender, and is most often expressed toward women and girls.
19498:
18122:
10373:
7903:
calls a "compulsory practice of heterosexuality". Because oppositional sexism is tied to heteronormativity in this way, non-heterosexuals are seen as breaking gender norms.
16198:
7993:
A child marriage is a marriage where one or both spouses are under 18, a practice that disproportionately affects women. Child marriages are most common in South Asia, the
7626:
19384:
16114:
15152:
13131:
7312:. According to supply and demand, if women offered equal value demand (and wages) should rise since they offer a better price (lower wages) for their service than men do.
7198:
of 2005, responders were asked if they thought wage work should be restricted to men only. In Iceland, the percentage that agreed was 3.6%, whereas in Egypt it was 94.9%.
18102:
13281:
11104:
18631:"Unlike race and ethnic discrimination, however, the evidence is more consistent that part of this gap is due to different treatment of offenders based on their gender."
18565:"Unlike race and ethnic discrimination, however, the evidence is more consistent that part of this gap is due to different treatment of offenders based on their gender."
15001:
7821:
11922:
Mille, Katherine Wyly and Paul McIlvenny. "Gender and Spoken Interaction: A Survey of Feminist Theories and Sociolinguistic Research in the United States and Britain."
10787:
14900:
Rendon, M. J.; Nicolas, G. (2012). "Deconstructing the portrayals of Haitian women in the media: A thematic analysis of images in the Associated Press Photo Archive".
7933:
other facilities, dress codes according to binary gender codes, and lack of access to and existence of appropriate health care services. In a recent adjudication, the
7873:, who defined oppositional sexism as "the belief that male and female are rigid, mutually exclusive categories". Oppositional sexism plays a vital role in a number of
13312:
8089:
Only nine countries conscript women into their armed forces: China, Eritrea, Israel, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Norway, Peru, and Taiwan. Other countriesâsuch as
5100:
18820:
15719:
7562:: treating the object as if it can be owned, bought, or sold: "The objectifier treats the object as something that is owned by another, can be bought or sold, etc."
20955:
13236:
8390:
wrote that "pink being a more decided and stronger colour, is more suitable for the boy, while blue, which is more delicate and dainty, is prettier for the girl".
8209:
Practices such as honor killings and stoning continue to be supported by mainstream politicians and other officials in some countries. In Pakistan, after the 2008
7067:
sometimes used instead, as this eliminates the grammatical gender distinction in the plural, and significantly reduces it in the singular. For example, instead of
4333:
2725:
There is a widespread imbalance of lawmaking power between men and women. The ratio of women to men in legislatures is used as a measure of gender equality in the
2429:, the book which played a major role in the witch hunts and trials, the author argues that women are more likely to practice witchcraft than men, and writes that:
1531:
12637:
7255:
2000 (67.6â71.2%) and rose from 2000 to 2009 (71.2â77.0%). As of the late 2010s, it has decreased back to around 1990 to 2000 levels (68.6-71.1%). When the first
22309:
15815:
13196:
12092:
8860:
5032:
15535:
10867:
21512:
20001:
18467:
17146:
14776:
Halliwell, E.; Malson, H.; Tischner, I. (2011). "Are contemporary media images which seem to display women as sexually empowering actually harmful to women?".
7162:
3357:
555:
10532:
15046:
Ford, Thomas E.; Boxer, Christie F.; Armstrong, Jacob; Edel, Jessica R. (2007). "More Than "Just a Joke": The Prejudice Releasing Function of Sexist Humor".
14101:
12175:
8822:
Sexism can promote the stigmatization of women and girls who have been raped and inhibit recovery. In many parts of the world, women who have been raped are
18300:
13467:
8707:
argues that female defendants are more likely to be sentenced to death for crimes that violate gender norms, such as killing children or killing strangers.
22385:
18386:
16757:
11127:
7182:
It also found that although almost all OECD countries, including the U.S., have established anti-discrimination laws, these laws are difficult to enforce.
5022:
2584:
states that, "The husband shall not, in default of payment of the dower, force the woman to consummate the marriage", implying that, if the dower is paid,
17583:'She Hath Over Grown All that She Ever Hath': Children's Clothing in the Lisle Letters, 1533â40", in Netherton, Robin, and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, editors,
16788:
8101:âstill use a system of conscription which requires military service from men only, although women may serve voluntarily. In 2014, Norway became the first
20209:
3573:
2500:. According to Amnesty International, "he ongoing reality of dowry-related violence is an example of what can happen when women are treated as property."
771:
14468:
22395:
5139:
2715:
19511:
16495:
A conflict analysis of domestic violence, for example, would begin by noting that women are battered far more often and far more severely than are men
13076:
12218:
11778:
8395:
dresses and skirts, but this is also a relatively recent view. From the mid-16th century until the late 19th or early 20th century, young boys in the
2753:
like the way men would stand up when a woman enters the room. Even though the lawsuit was dropped, the restaurant ended its gender-based menu policy.
21350:
20733:
18663:
16893:
16810:
16665:
14536:
10429:
8272:
Educational specialties in higher education produce and perpetuate inequality between men and women. Disparity persists particularly in computer and
7498:. Feminist writer and gender equality activist Joy Goh-Mah argues that by being objectified, a person is denied agency. According to the philosopher
4744:
4105:
1942:
1303:
13585:
McDowell, John M.; Singell, Larry D. Jr.; Ziliak, James P. (1999). "Cracks in the Glass Ceiling: Gender and Promotion in the Economics Profession".
23513:
20160:
18415:
17506:
11834:
10176:
Wu ćŽ, Xiaohua æć (2009). "ćšä»Łç·ć„łè§èČćźäœćć
¶ćŻčç°ä»Łç€ŸäŒçćœ±ć" [Role orientation of men and women in the Zhou Dynasty and their effects on modern society].
8786:
6981:
Using generic masculine terms to reference a group of mixed gender, such as "mankind", "man" (referring to humanity), "guys", or "officers and men"
6457:
4876:
3524:
2074:
722:
18633:
14865:
Watson, L. B.; Robinson, D.; Dispenza, F.; Nazari, N. (2012). "African American women's sexual objectification experiences: A qualitative study".
12715:
Petit, P. (2007). "The effects of age and family constraints on gender hiring discrimination: A field experiment in the French financial sector".
11168:
10515:
7389:
The United Nations asserts that "progress in bringing women into leadership and decision making positions around the world remains far too slow".
19095:
17387:
16643:
16620:
13051:
11924:
10723:
9079:
8166:(UAE)'s Supreme Court ruled that a man has the right to discipline his wife and children physically if he does not leave visible marks. In 2015,
7710:
Some people opposed to pornography, including MacKinnon, charge that the production of pornography entails physical, psychological, and economic
16275:
12476:
9309:
justify the nearly universal dominance of men in social and familial relationships, as well as politics, religion, language, law, and economics.
23268:
20081:
17842:
17828:
16567:
15987:
7653:
Other countries continue to ban nudity (on traditional obscenity grounds), but also make explicit reference to sexual objectification, such as
6288:
3437:
2777:
635:
17707:
24046:
22974:
22390:
17933:
16934:
Fox, M.; Sonnert, G.; Nikiforova, I. (2011). "Programs for Undergraduate Women in Science and Engineering: Issues, Problems, and Solutions".
15710:
Pathfinder International/Ethiopia (2006) Report on causes and consequences of early marriage in Amhara region. Retrieved April 18, 2015 from
15565:"Article 16: Right to marriage and family and to equal rights of men and women during and after marriage | Case Study: Forced Early Marriage"
15309:
8773:
and life: "or the woman who needs her husband's consent to get contraception, the consequences of discrimination can be seriousâeven fatal".
8294:
groups. According to 2010 UN estimates, only Afghanistan, Pakistan and Yemen had less than 90 girls per 100 boys at school. Jayachandran and
7241:
having children, and men being more likely than women to choose careers in high paying fields such as business, engineering, and technology.
5836:
19503:
16166:
12119:
8680:(OHCHR) has called for "the elimination of discriminatory provisions in the legislation, including mitigating factors for 'crimes of passion
22170:
20738:
18902:
17962:
Goodkind, Daniel (1999). "Should Prenatal Sex Selection be Restricted?: Ethical Questions and Their Implications for Research and Policy".
16721:
16136:
12859:
9007:
7251:
in 2008. Similarly, the OECD found that female full-time employees earned 27% less than their male counterparts in OECD countries in 2009.
4110:
1308:
18190:
15334:
12455:
10968:
10699:
8233:, a senior envoy and chief of Iran's Human Rights Council, defended the practice of stoning; he claimed it was a "lesser punishment" than
20708:
20302:
19834:
17787:
12241:
10919:
4080:
3666:
3182:
1278:
864:
380:
16545:
16078:
8086:
rights, there is no other citizenship practice that differentiates as radically between men and women as compulsory male conscription".
7910:
and oppositional norms work together to support "traditional sexism", the belief that femininity is inferior to and serves masculinity.
2255:
define sexism as prejudice held by individuals that encompasses "negative attitudes and values about women as a group." Peter Glick and
21505:
19986:
18433:
15744:
15098:"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination in Employment: A Legal Analysis of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)"
15048:
13715:
12211:
Transgender Best Practices Taskforce & Gender Identity and Expression Sub-Committee of the Diversity and Social Justice Committee.
11956:
11866:
11458:
11193:
8756:, including access to pregnancy care, family planning, and contraception. In countries with very strict abortion laws (particularly in
8113:
Prosecution of the reported crimes fails to move forward, as the Pentagon claimed it would undermine the leadership of the commanders.
6956:
3342:
540:
18574:
22368:
19282:
18489:
17271:
Younger, Michael; Warrington, Molly; Williams, Jacquetta (1999). "The Gender Gap and Classroom Interactions: Reality and rhetoric?".
13821:
8190:
5122:
5117:
2617:, a wife who leaves her marital home risks being imprisoned for "running away". In addition, many former British colonies, including
13171:
11268:
22919:
22380:
19916:
19804:
19547:
18130:
12208:
12002:
10680:
10362:
8902:
8183:
7316:
generally found in the United Kingdom and the United States". Fathers earn $ 7,500 more, on average, than men without children do.
7290:
5781:
5134:
3264:
3152:
462:
350:
18721:
Knepper, Matthew (2017). "When the Shadow is the Substance: Judge Gender and the Outcomes of Workplace Sex Discrimination Cases".
16998:
11752:
11338:"Experts in women's anti-discrimination committee raise questions concerning reports of Switzerland on compliance with convention"
10236:
16181:
14974:
13902:
11315:
9671:
8633:
7942:
7934:
7136:, a typical conversation between a physician and a nurse is: "Hello Jane. I'm Dr. Smith. Would you hand me the patient's chart?"
18244:
16511:
15564:
15476:
15160:
12549:
9931:
9828:
8269:
in American and British colleges and universities was instituted as a field considered suitable to women's "lesser intellects".
23490:
21451:
20165:
19926:
19754:
19739:
19734:
19580:
18270:
16973:
13055:
12744:
Weichselbaumer, D. (2004). "Is it sex or personality? The impact of sex stereotypes on discrimination in applicant selection".
12313:
OECD Employment Outlook. Chapter 3: The Price of Prejudice: Labour Market Discrimination on the Grounds of Gender and Ethnicity
12264:
Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care
8345:
8033:, a practice in which a man abducts the woman or girl whom he wishes to marry and rapes her to force the marriage is common in
7444:
7143:
Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care
7095:
6266:
4949:
4845:
3529:
3274:
3102:
3087:
3082:
2914:
2043:
727:
472:
300:
285:
280:
112:
14593:
8700:. However, none of these theories account for the total disparity, and sexism has also been suggested as an underlying cause.
8109:
government started preparing a gender-neutral draft law. The gender selective draft has been challenged in the United States.
24051:
23807:
23278:
23091:
21498:
21479:
20060:
19991:
19719:
19440:
19364:
19327:
19274:
19256:
19105:
19049:
19020:
18988:
18550:
18010:
17479:
17427:
17397:
17255:
17216:
16876:
16843:
16488:
16456:
Women are more often the victims of domestic violence than men and are more likely to suffer injuries and health consequences
16449:
16054:
16016:
15964:
15936:
15904:
15847:
15781:
15264:
15232:
15195:
15136:
14849:
14824:
14725:
14666:
14236:
13968:
13402:
12670:
11817:
11699:
11633:
11539:
11481:
Kittilson, Miki Caul; Fridkin, Kim (2008). "Gender, Candidate Portrayals and Election Campaigns: A Comparative Perspective".
11216:
11084:
10210:
10160:
10124:
10067:
10036:
10007:
9971:
9942:
9901:
9864:
9839:
9802:
9764:
9632:
9596:
9526:
9455:
9425:
9388:
9355:
9324:
9301:
9272:
9245:
9221:
9168:
9139:
9116:
6905:
6751:
5953:
4944:
3416:
3347:
3067:
2592:, and its image as a progressive country in the region, arguing that discrimination against women remains very strong there.
2546:
was abolished in 1975. In Australia, until 1983, a married woman's passport application had to be authorized by her husband.
614:
545:
265:
18214:
16321:
14935:
Daniel, Samantha; Bridges, Sara K. (2010). "The drive for muscularity in men: Media influences and objectification theory".
23905:
23875:
20514:
19809:
19631:
18408:
15590:
15445:
14072:"Snapshots of Men and Women in Interaction: An Investigation of Stereotypes in Print Advertisement Relationship Portrayals"
12995:
Yoo, Gyeongjoon (2003). "Quality of Life Across Population Groups: Women in the Workplace: Gender and Wage Differentials".
12779:
10247:
9513:
9234:
8017:
Consequences of child marriage include restricted education and employment prospects, increased risk of domestic violence,
7494:
is the act of treating a person as an object or thing. Objectification plays a central role in feminist theory, especially
7457:
7293:
found that women graduates in the United States are paid less than men doing the same work and majoring in the same field.
6874:
6804:
6114:
5087:
4869:
3886:
3157:
2973:
2707:
2067:
1084:
355:
171:
13083:
Report to the Office for Women, Department of Families, Community Services, Housing and Indigenous Affairs, 2009, p. v-vi.
10396:
8029:. In some cases, a woman or girl who has been raped may be forced to marry her rapist to restore the honor of her family;
23922:
23880:
23630:
23465:
23037:
21160:
20830:
20743:
20634:
20292:
20112:
19744:
19729:
14319:
14195:
13878:
13795:
13240:
8629:
8573:
7214:
Belgium, when they apply at their fertile ages in France, and when they apply for male-dominated occupations in Austria.
6990:
Using unnecessary gender markers, such as "male nurse" implying that simply a "nurse" is by default assumed to be female.
6884:
6879:
6574:
6298:
5899:
4546:
4202:
4115:
4006:
3656:
3474:
3092:
3077:
2353:
1744:
1400:
1313:
1204:
854:
672:
290:
275:
17527:
17031:
16708:
Working towards the elimination of crimes against women committed in the name of honour: Report of the Secretary-General
13262:
11383:
8791:
2166:, the term "sexism" was most likely coined on November 18, 1965, by Pauline M. Leet during a "Student-Faculty Forum" at
22628:
22363:
22358:
22218:
22003:
20728:
20192:
18880:
16679:
15805:
14756:
12064:
Carson, Culley Jane (January 1, 1993). "Attacking a Legacy of Sexist Grammar in the French Class: A Modest Beginning".
11406:
10447:
10332:
9620:
Clinical Aspects of Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination: Psychological Consequences and Treatment Interventions
8247:, "the ongoing reality of dowry-related violence is an example of what can happen when women are treated as property".
7248:
6099:
5112:
5092:
4100:
3556:
2654:
2596:
2386:"The Hammer of Witches which destroyeth Witches and their heresy as with a two-edged sword". Title page of the seventh
1298:
754:
19251:
Atwell, Mary Welek. 2002. 'Equal Protection of the Law?: Gender and Justice in the United States'. New York: P. Lang.
12096:
11128:"Protecting the girl child: Using the law to end child, early and forced marriage and related human rights violations"
6987:
Terms ending in "-man" that may be performed by those of non-male genders, such as businessman, chairman, or policeman
5257:
23895:
22912:
22480:
22428:
20366:
20197:
19683:
19661:
17180:
16104:
15872:
15539:
14355:
14347:
14272:
14264:
13687:
9890:
9541:
Forcible Rape Institutionalized Sexism in the Criminal Justice System| Gerald D. Robin Division of Criminal Justice,
9052:
8932:
8026:
7927:
7440:
employees from being fired based on their sexual orientation or gender identity in businesses of 15 workers or less.
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6889:
6824:
6792:
5774:
5597:
3730:
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3023:
3003:
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2361:
928:
759:
221:
201:
31:
22781:
18471:
17877:
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16224:
14398:
14286:
12214:
Report on Inclusion of Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Students Best Practices, Assessment and Recommendations
10473:
5554:
2613:
separation (moving away from the marital home) is also impossible because of laws preventing this. For instance, in
2122:, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another. Extreme sexism may foster
23357:
22929:
22333:
22265:
22085:
21113:
20950:
20850:
20297:
20187:
19216:
18491:
Explaining the Gender Gap in Sentencing Outcomes: An Investigation of Differential Treatment in U.S. Federal Courts
16303:"The Catch-22 of Females Reporting Sexual Assault in the Military: A Cause for Holistic International Intervention"
15896:
15509:
15342:
12438:
12192:
11806:
10611:
Trzcinski, E.; Holst, E. (2012). "Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being In and Out of Management Positions".
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9960:
8318:
and learning materials. There has been a lack in adequate resources and infrastructure to ensure safe and enabling
6229:
5791:
5057:
4499:
4328:
4222:
3661:
3551:
2188:
1697:
1526:
1420:
859:
749:
19443:. (Sixth chapter: "Math error number 6: Simpson's paradox. The Berkeley sex bias case: discrimination detection").
19280:
Bojarska, Katarzyna (2012). "Responding to lexical stimuli with gender associations: A CognitiveâCultural Model".
16302:
14144:
11880:
Kennison, S.; Trofe, J. (2003). "Comprehending Pronouns: A Role for Word-Specific Gender Stereotype Information".
22405:
22328:
20703:
20204:
19956:
19759:
18308:
18171:
16441:
14035:
13475:
12947:
11646:
Wagner, David G.; Berger, Joseph (1997). "Gender and Interpersonal Task Behaviors: Status Expectation Accounts".
10993:
9228:
Defines sexism as "thought or practice which may permeate language and which assumes women's inferiority to men".
8443:
8197:
The Special Rapporteur indicated that there had been contradictory decisions with regard to the honor defense in
7661:
that "depicts sexual humiliation or abasement, or presents a human being as an object available for sexual use".
5067:
5012:
4862:
4075:
3568:
3312:
3107:
2625:, under which a wife may be ordered by court to return to her husband; if she fails to do so, she may be held in
2184:
2060:
1273:
766:
510:
305:
18394:
17736:
14190:
13873:
13381:
11134:
10812:
Sfeir, George N. (January 1, 1957). "The Tunisian Code of Personal Status (Majallat Al-Ahw Al Al-Shakhsiy Ah)".
8162:
Domestic violence is tolerated and even legally accepted in many parts of the world. For instance, in 2010, the
7952:
An updated version of the NTDS survey, called the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, was published in December 2016.
2553:
marriage regulations state that a wife must obey her husband and must not leave home without his permission. In
2321:
23797:
23475:
23436:
23372:
23233:
22709:
22410:
19819:
17083:
15104:
14374:
13929:
13542:
13094:
9473:
9414:
8749:
8522:
8202:
7893:, the social norm that views cisgender people as both natural and privileged as opposed to transgender people.
7854:
7630:
Women examining a bulletin board posted on a fence. An advertisement painted above them asks "Are You a Woman?"
7431:
that federal civil rights law protects gay, lesbian and transgender workers. Writing for the majority, Justice
6949:
6741:
6396:
6362:
6271:
5739:
5052:
3167:
2710:. French women were granted the right to vote in 1944. In Greece, women obtained the right to vote in 1952. In
2622:
2475:
365:
19966:
16404:
Dobash, R. P.; Dobash, R. E.; Wilson, M.; Daly, M. (1992). "The Myth of Sexual Symmetry in Marital Violence".
16251:"Women In Army Special Ops Face 'Blatant Sexism' And Must Wear Equipment That Doesn't Fit, According To Study"
8734:
motions filed by defendants, which suggests that final negotiations are shaped by the emergence of the bias."
7451:, had been interested in volunteering as a counsellor with the shelter. When the shelter learned that she was
3322:
520:
24061:
23870:
23860:
23802:
23377:
22348:
22338:
22175:
21382:
21098:
19799:
19451:
19378:
19374:
16868:
15374:"The Social Costs of Gender Nonconformity for Transgender Adults: Implications for Discrimination and Health"
14778:
14637:
14466:
14030:
13986:
12500:
10895:
9123:
Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex".
8243:
result from the killing of women who are unable to pay the high dowry price for their marriage. According to
7670:
7121:
6854:
6844:
6746:
6276:
6094:
5181:
5082:
5062:
4776:
4484:
3147:
2820:
A 2021 study found little evidence that levels of sexism had changed from 2004 to 2018 in the United States.
2564:
Abuses and discriminatory practices against women in marriage are often rooted in financial payments such as
2167:
1974:
1682:
345:
19508:
19485:
18856:"El Salvador: Total ban on abortion is killing women and girls and condemning others to decades behind bars"
17579:
Melanie Scheussler suggests a date of post-1540 for England, France, and the Low Countries; see Scheussler,
12212:
11782:
11590:
Archer, Allison M N; Kam, Cindy D (2021). "Modern Sexism in Modern Times Public Opinion in the #Metoo Era".
8186:
states that, "onour crimes, including killing, are one of history's oldest forms of gender-based violence".
7406:
A 2009 study found that being overweight harms women's career advancement, but presents no barrier for men.
5350:
5191:
2833:
23910:
23835:
23690:
23041:
22991:
22984:
22549:
22373:
22343:
22160:
20661:
20609:
19570:
19540:
19221:
17354:
17204:
16351:
15617:
13150:
13070:
12803:. Current Population Reports, P60-238, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010, pp. 7 and 50.
8256:
7755:
7683:
contributes to sexism by objectifying women and portraying them in submissive roles. MacKinnon, along with
6834:
6809:
6634:
5903:
5853:
5846:
5127:
5077:
5072:
4033:
3981:
2904:
2558:
2397:
1231:
1179:
102:
38:
19447:
16657:
15693:
15310:"The EEOC Rules That Transgender Discrimination Is Sex Discrimination: The Reasoning Behind That Decision"
13620:
McKay, Steven C. (2006). "Hard Drives and Glass Ceilings: Gender Stratification in High-Tech Production".
13316:
12982:
11361:"Ordonnance du 21 avril 1944 relative à l'organisation des pouvoirs publics en France aprÚs la Libération"
9081:
From access to empowerment: UNESCO strategy for gender equality in and through education 2019-2025
5333:
23900:
23845:
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23722:
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23335:
22934:
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21293:
21145:
20564:
20155:
20101:
19520:
17467:
17359:
17056:
14618:
12177:
Guidance for schools on preventing and responding to sexist, sexual and transphobic bullying: quick guide
10781:"Handbook for Legislation on Violence Against Women: Supplement to the "Harmful Practices" against Women"
9178:
usually refers to prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls.
8597:
8518:
8514:
8105:
country to introduce obligatory military service for women as an act of gender equality and in 2015, the
7799:
6984:
Using the singular masculine pronoun (he, his, him) as the default to refer to a person of unknown gender
6839:
6829:
6799:
6681:
6666:
6656:
6244:
6109:
6104:
5796:
5369:
4959:
4687:
4531:
3936:
3519:
3457:
1885:
1729:
1134:
717:
655:
19347:, Blackwell Companions to Philosophy, Oxford, UK; Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, pp.
15335:"Injustice at every turn: A look at Black respondents in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey"
13660:
11239:
10310:
9294:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History, Volume 6: The Modern World
8055:
7360:
gender pay gap (i.e., that which cannot be accounted for by factors such as differences in profession).
24066:
23994:
23981:
23460:
23352:
22165:
22075:
21835:
21402:
20177:
19854:
19585:
19409:
19391:
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination in Employment: A Legal Analysis of the Employment
18686:
18509:
17762:
16189:
15928:
15255:
Pedersen, Paul; Lonner, Walter; Draguns, Juris; Trimble, Joseph; ScharrĂłn-del RĂo, MarĂa, eds. (2015).
14334:
13383:
A decomposition of the unadjusted gender pay gap using structure of earnings survey data â 2018 edition
12717:
11841:
11561:
11226:
10613:
10500:
9588:
8897:
8226:
8210:
6782:
6369:
5657:
4954:
4796:
3541:
3202:
2919:
2729:
2272:
defines sexism as a system of oppression that results in disadvantages for women. Feminist philosopher
1994:
739:
400:
117:
45:
19415:
Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)." July 15, 2013. Available (online): www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40934.pdf
16731:
16612:
13685:
Roehling, Patricia V. (2009). "Weight discrimination and the glass ceiling effect among top US CEOs".
13497:
Cotter, David A.; Hermsen, Joan M.; Ovadia, Seth; Vanneman, Reeve (2001). "The Glass Ceiling Effect".
10730:
7332:
occupational segregation (with more men in higher paid industries and women in lower paid industries),
5159:
2404:
Sexism may have been the impetus that fueled the witch trials between the 15th and 18th centuries. In
23650:
23283:
22949:
22788:
21815:
20755:
20569:
20466:
20346:
20008:
19976:
19641:
19575:
18679:"Comparing Apples to Oranges: Differences in Women's and Men's Incarceration and Sentencing Outcomes"
18605:
17920:
16276:"Female soldiers in Army special operations face rampant sexism and harassment, military report says"
15006:
13735:"Bias in the Workplace: Consistent Evidence of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination"
12900:
12498:
Correll, Shelley; Benard, Stephen; Paik, In (2007). "Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty?".
11931:
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9032:
8800:
8593:
8459:
8448:
8438:
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8098:
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2909:
2175:
1325:
1139:
1028:
908:
562:
530:
181:
107:
19134:
19036:
Bohmer, Carol (1991). "Acquaintance rape and the law". In Parrot, Andrea; Bechhofer, Laurie (eds.).
17846:
17820:
16635:
16571:
12514:
10627:
10584:
8483:
8146:
Although the exact rates are widely disputed, there is a large body of cross-cultural evidence that
7300:
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, race, and ethnicity, U.S., 2009
7280:
influence earnings; the unexplained portion of the wage gap is attributed to gender discrimination.
7105:
2853:
Gender stereotypes are widely held beliefs about the characteristics and behavior of women and men.
24056:
23917:
23855:
23850:
23752:
23548:
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23046:
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19948:
19884:
19814:
19698:
18939:
18834:
18781:
16194:
14176:
13550:
12746:
9432:
Sexism, or prejudice toward one sex (almost always women), has existed throughout recorded history.
8927:
8613:
8494:"Crack down on medically unnecessary fetus sex identification and pregnancy termination practices."
8426:
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1479:
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1013:
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645:
525:
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360:
236:
19189:
18881:"Women's Lives, Women's Rights Campaigning for Maternal Health and Sexual and Reproductive Rights"
17937:
17899:
17389:
From access to empowerment: UNESCO strategy for gender equality in and through education 2019-2025
15004:(2014). "Jokes, pranks, blondes and banter: recontextualising sexism in the British print press".
7985:
7595:: the treatment of a person primarily in terms of how they look, or how they appear to the senses;
2382:
23757:
23717:
23470:
23426:
23419:
22759:
22185:
21707:
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20559:
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20381:
20376:
20319:
20254:
20239:
20172:
20145:
20130:
19533:
18026:
12813:
12389:
Zimmer, Lynn (1988). "Tokenism and Women in the Workplace: The Limits of Gender-Neutral Theory".
11436:
10559:"Lesson â The French Civil Code (Napoleonic Code) â Teaching Women's Rights From Past to Present"
9542:
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978:
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943:
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68:
20356:
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16322:"Combating a Different Enemy: Proposals to Change the Culture of Sexual Assault in the Military"
16144:
11832:
Mills, S. (2008) Language and sexism. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 18, 2015 from
10841:
9070:
7502:, a person might be objectified if one or more of the following properties are applied to them:
3720:
2580:
of the wife by her husband and in giving him authority over her; for instance Article 13 of the
2224:, which also operates at both the individual and institutional level. Early female sociologists
918:
23865:
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20214:
20125:
20096:
20069:
20040:
20035:
19961:
19626:
19616:
19493:
18197:
17532:
16140:
15952:
Multicultural Citizens, Monocultural Men: Indigineity, Masculinity, and Conscription in Ecuador
15347:
13137:
12509:
10622:
9037:
8697:
8502:
8322:, and insufficient policy, legal and planning frameworks, that respect, protect and fulfil the
8218:
8094:
7728:
7700:
7495:
7479:
7425:
6849:
6509:
6416:
6239:
6200:
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6055:
6033:
6023:
5998:
5988:
5647:
5403:
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5215:
4791:
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3725:
3705:
3633:
3613:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3489:
3452:
3425:
3396:
3391:
3317:
2968:
2958:
2703:
2340:
2192:
1989:
1962:
1952:
1410:
1390:
1253:
1124:
1008:
953:
923:
903:
831:
811:
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781:
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687:
650:
623:
594:
589:
515:
166:
156:
17:
18980:
18974:
18542:
18536:
17795:
17208:
17198:
16002:
15950:
15917:
15888:
14314:
12235:
8808:
the result not of pathology but of systems of male dominance, cultural practices and beliefs.
23935:
23655:
23615:
23605:
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23409:
23362:
23320:
22979:
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21155:
21103:
21030:
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20456:
20431:
20426:
20406:
20401:
20396:
20336:
20284:
20244:
20150:
20120:
20018:
19636:
18468:"Prof. Starr's research shows large unexplained gender disparities in federal criminal cases"
18347:
Kate Fitz-Gibbon (August 1, 2012). "Provocation in New South Wales: The need for abolition".
16835:
16070:
14095:
13165:
10196:
10114:
10053:
9283:
however, it is commonly held that, in developed societies, women have been the usual victims.
8942:
8766:
8693:
8526:
8244:
8152:
8050:
8030:
8010:
7795:
7758:
and sexual assault. This is often dismissed, ignored and not taken seriously by authorities.
7747:
7513:
for another's purposes: "The objectifier treats the object as a tool of his or her purposes."
7309:
7259:
was passed in 1963, female full-time workers earned 48.9% as much as male full-time workers.
7256:
7108:(assigning the wrong gender to someone) and the pronoun "it" are also considered pejorative.
6599:
6559:
6549:
6504:
6335:
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to grant women the right to vote on local issues in 1991, when it was forced to do so by the
2699:
2479:
2345:
1957:
1917:
1850:
1739:
1687:
1606:
1355:
1119:
1018:
993:
988:
968:
963:
958:
898:
846:
806:
712:
682:
572:
176:
10994:"'I had to run away': The imprisonment of women and girls for 'moral crimes' in Afghanistan"
9618:
9413:
7344:
barriers to entry into the labor market (such as education level and single parenting rate).
2829:
23777:
23732:
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19749:
19611:
19319:
19266:
18937:
Sanday, Peggy Reeves (1981). "The Socio-Cultural Context of Rape: A Cross-Cultural Study".
17071:
15773:
14937:
12590:
11970:
11531:
11483:
11340:. United Nations Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women. January 14, 2003
8649:
8632:(OIC) countries the legal testimony of a woman is worth legally half of that of a man (see
8548:
8319:
8295:
8163:
7378:(primarily male), and "the historic absence of women in top positions", which "may lead to
7319:
There is research to suggest that the gender wage gap leads to big losses for the economy.
7185:
Women who enter predominantly male work groups can experience the negative consequences of
6721:
6676:
6646:
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6467:
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4016:
3835:
3715:
3673:
3623:
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3097:
2953:
2683:
2295:. In her definition, sexism rationalizes and justifies patriarchal norms, in contrast with
2151:
2139:
2134:. Discrimination in this context is defined as discrimination toward people based on their
1828:
1340:
1214:
1033:
913:
871:
821:
796:
604:
567:
295:
151:
18495:
17554:
17076:"Life Expectancy and Human Capital Investments: Evidence from Maternal Mortality Declines"
17012:
12577:"National hiring experiments reveal 2:1 faculty preference for women on STEM tenure track"
11337:
9153:'sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women.
2549:
Women in parts of the world continue to lose their legal rights in marriage. For example,
8:
24041:
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14484:
14222:
14031:"The sexual objectification of women in advertising: A contemporary cultural perspective"
13268:
12775:
12642:
12436:, "Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour Market Outcomes of Women Across OECD Countries",
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9409:
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inequality, it is usually women who are disadvantaged relative to similarly situated men.
9012:
8967:
8952:
8753:
8743:
8653:
8463:
8273:
7937:(EEOC) concluded that discrimination against a transgender person is sex discrimination.
7676:
7540:: "The objectifier treats the object as lacking in agency, and perhaps also in activity."
7537:
7533:
7194:
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7018:
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Gender has been used as a tool for discrimination against women in the political sphere.
2514:
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2421:
2405:
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2147:
2004:
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983:
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841:
628:
425:
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12038:
11756:
10755:
9130:; Jones, Leslie E. (2008). "Sexism". In Frey, R. G.; Wellman, Christopher Heath (eds.).
7048:
may be seen as reinforcing sexism, in that the masculine form is the default. The word "
2675:
2220:. Sociologists describe parallels among other ideological systems of oppression such as
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19341:; Jones, Leslie E. (2005), "Sexism", in Frey, R.G.; Heath Wellman, Christopher (eds.),
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15023:
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13661:"Women still struggle to break through glass ceiling in government, business, academia"
13639:
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13602:
13567:
13516:
13449:
13359:
13057:
Invest in Women, Invest in America: A Comprehensive Review of Women in the U.S. Economy
13012:
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her father in childhood, husband in marriage, and son in widowhood. On the other hand,
2352:. Another example is scholarly texts that indoctrinate children in female inferiority;
2213:
1769:
1764:
1754:
1702:
1692:
1667:
1601:
1559:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1365:
640:
19148:
18900:; Roth, S. (1988). "Motivational factors in nonincarcerated sexually aggressive men".
17763:"Texts adopted - Elimination of female genital mutilation - Thursday, 6 February 2014"
17619:. Amnesty International. November 10, 2010. p. 1. IOR 40/022/2010. Archived from
15126:
13961:
Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification, 1st Edition
13331:
8361:
8284:
7057:
2248:, understood gender inequality as the natural outcome of a dimorphic model of gender.
23971:
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16593:
Maris, Cees; Sawitri Saharso (2001). "Honour Killing: A Case for Cultural Defense?".
16515:
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13398:
13389:. Statistical Working Papers. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
13351:
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11950:
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11695:
11677:
11629:
11607:
11535:
11512:
11500:
11212:
11187:
11080:
10889:
10868:"7 raisons pour les hommes et les femmes de remettre en cause le CSP ... ou pas"
10644:
10206:
10156:
10120:
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10063:
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10003:
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9938:
9897:
9870:
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9522:
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8189:
According to a report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the
8147:
7882:
7846:
7809:
7699:
and Catharine MacKinnon suggest that certain types of pornography also contribute to
7575:
7487:
7305:
7037:
6787:
6651:
6614:
6609:
6589:
6584:
6554:
6519:
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6406:
6401:
6315:
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6043:
6018:
6008:
5993:
5858:
5831:
5717:
5676:
5652:
5527:
5507:
5494:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5418:
5318:
4893:
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4749:
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4187:
4095:
3986:
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3735:
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2233:
2143:
2123:
2036:
1947:
1875:
1860:
1643:
1586:
1385:
1293:
1184:
1104:
933:
206:
18656:"Amnesty InternationalâIran: Death by stoning, a grotesque and unacceptable penalty"
17104:
15484:
15077:
14056:
13453:
13363:
12880:
12857:
Jurajda, Ć tÄpĂĄn (2005). "Gender Segregation and Wage Gap: An East-West Comparison".
12701:
12420:
11909:
7526:: "The objectifier treats the object as lacking in autonomy and self-determination."
7056:", was declared banished from French administrative forms in 2012 by Prime Minister
7049:
2588:
is permitted. In this regard, critics have questioned the alleged gains of women in
2244:, which was coined later. Sociologists who adopted the functionalist paradigm, e.g.
23792:
23787:
23697:
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21983:
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20140:
20135:
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18948:
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18695:
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18356:
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17368:
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17092:
16943:
16908:
16474:
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15387:
15057:
15015:
14983:
14946:
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13995:
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13631:
13594:
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13508:
13439:
13390:
13343:
13298:
Employment Outlook, Chapter 2: Women at work: who are they and how are they faring?
13004:
12968:
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12798:
12726:
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12531:
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12363:
11889:
11723:
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11492:
10632:
10151:. American Philological Association. Oxford University Press. pp. 31â32, 457,
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3499:
3337:
3222:
2577:
2535:
2497:
2349:
1999:
1984:
1912:
1833:
1803:
1618:
1454:
1154:
702:
697:
535:
420:
53:
22852:
18568:"Chapter Four: Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities In Federal Sentencing Today"
18103:"China 'one-child' policy: Mother of 2 dies after forced sterilizationâGlobalPost"
17372:
16419:
13296:
12896:"Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in a Dynamic East Asian Economy"
12311:
10448:"Extracts from William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 1765â1769"
9267:(3rd ed.). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants.: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 631.
2604:
24036:
24020:
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20965:
20678:
20589:
20524:
20314:
20264:
20045:
19899:
19515:
19450:â â "Discrimination against Transgender People." ACLU. Available (online) :
18821:"El Salvador must release women imprisoned after pregnancy related complications"
18335:
18222:
17511:
16406:
16040:
15767:
15694:"IRIN AfricaâEthiopia: Surviving forced marriageâEthiopiaâChildrenâGender Issues"
15645:
15187:
15019:
14950:
14715:
14656:
14575:
14472:
14226:
13772:
13332:"The Output Cost of Gender Discrimination: A Model-based Macroeconomics Estimate"
13175:
13080:
12730:
12391:
12289:
12245:
12222:
10558:
10251:
10240:
9057:
9047:
8937:
8552:
8542:
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8193:
concerning cultural practices in the family that reflect violence against women:
8067:
7970:
7834:
7615:
7601:: the treatment of a person as if they are silent, lacking the capacity to speak.
7499:
7491:
7063:
7041:
6932:
6340:
6149:
6137:
5943:
5883:
5863:
5821:
5759:
5681:
5571:
5517:
5475:
5413:
5408:
5374:
5286:
5240:
4816:
4724:
4620:
4561:
4413:
4398:
4378:
4343:
4050:
3961:
3896:
3678:
3628:
3401:
3247:
2638:
2523:
2426:
2325:
2281:
2276:
defines sexism as an "attitudinal-conceptual-cognitive-orientational complex" of
2245:
2163:
2135:
2131:
2014:
1922:
1818:
1759:
1611:
1596:
1576:
1541:
1248:
1159:
1094:
876:
826:
599:
445:
19383:"Employment Non-Discrimination Act". Human Rights Campaign. Available (online):
17096:
16999:"Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) (Quick Take)"
16385:"U.S. Army report shows women serving in the special forces face intense sexism"
15423:
14693:
14509:
14119:
12872:
12183:. Great Britain Department for Children, Schools and Families. January 1, 2009.
10244:
8229:(which has placed Iran under international pressure for its stoning sentences),
7335:
vertical segregation (fewer women in senior, and hence better paying positions),
2785:
30:"Sex discrimination" redirects here. For discrimination based on sexuality, see
24008:
23928:
23767:
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18051:
15667:
15221:
Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity
14711:
14218:
13924:
13543:"Chipping away at the Glass Ceiling: Gender Spillovers in Corporate Leadership"
12939:
12367:
11293:
11258:"Valuing women as autonomous beings: Women's sexual reproductive health rights"
11023:
9334:
men and women can experience sexism, but sexism against women is more pervasive
9289:
9182:
Sexism is an ideology or practices that maintain patriarchy or male domination.
9027:
8972:
8962:
8782:
8704:
8178:
7966:
7897:
7878:
7777:
7763:
7684:
7223:
7150:
7133:
6711:
6154:
6119:
5928:
5734:
5686:
5480:
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5323:
4811:
4769:
4739:
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4293:
4070:
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3379:
3352:
3192:
2878:
2726:
2416:. The misogyny of that period played a role in the persecution of these women.
2095:
2009:
1967:
1937:
1927:
1845:
1838:
1823:
1813:
1633:
1569:
1511:
1506:
1491:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1144:
1079:
577:
550:
390:
76:
19356:
18634:"Real life Sophia Bursets Transgender Women face a nightmare in Men's Prisons"
17332:
16595:
Pluralism and Law: Proceedings of the 20th IVR World Congress, Amsterdam, 2001
15510:"Q & A: Child Marriage and Violations of Girls' RightsâHuman Rights Watch"
14048:
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13379:
13008:
12960:
12665:
11893:
11727:
11496:
11360:
11206:
10636:
9348:
The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology: A User's Guide to Sociological Language
8025:. Early and forced marriage are defined as forms of modern-day slavery by the
2458:, as is the case in India and Nepal, where such crimes are relatively common.
24030:
23151:
23111:
23106:
23016:
22810:
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20973:
20835:
20800:
20780:
20651:
20594:
20529:
19921:
19824:
19427:
19418:
19373:"Discrimination against Transgender People." ACLU. Available (online) :
19295:
19094:; Hough, Mike; Kerezsi, Klara; Lévy, René; Snacken, Sonja (August 15, 2013).
19012:
18799:
18434:"Men Sentenced To Longer Prison Terms Than Women For Same Crimes, Study Says"
18360:
17598:
What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America
16947:
16912:
16363:
15763:
15061:
14913:
14878:
14791:
14441:
14007:
13984:
Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Roberts, Tomi-Ann (1997). "Objectification Theory".
13635:
13499:
13412:
13355:
12683:
12472:
12433:
12188:
12014:
11611:
11569:
11504:
10198:
A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From Prehistoric Times to 1688
9874:
9812:
9774:
9718:
9376:
9260:
8757:
8581:
8396:
8280:
fields, and on average earn almost 20% less than men in the same industries.
8126:
8122:
8082:
7907:
7900:
7866:
7732:
7462:
7412:
7369:
6013:
5973:
5968:
5878:
5620:
5583:
5208:
5203:
4823:
4430:
4366:
4351:
4207:
4172:
4152:
4023:
3966:
3901:
3269:
3172:
2749:
2711:
2519:
2471:
2450:, about 500 elderly women are murdered each year following such accusations.
2277:
2021:
1628:
1564:
1549:
1405:
1370:
1350:
1221:
1164:
1099:
467:
370:
19226:
18077:
16475:
Brinkerhoff, David B.; Lynn K. White; Suzanne T. Ortega; Rose Weitz (2008).
16042:
The Myth of the Military-Nation: Militarism, Gender, and Education in Turkey
13842:
13178:
American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, April 2007.
13116:
12603:
12326:
11414:
10451:
7411:
genders. The author of the study stated that the results suggest that "the '
7228:
4909:
23325:
23227:
23166:
23101:
23096:
23056:
23006:
22771:
22749:
22608:
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21988:
21800:
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21263:
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20855:
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20329:
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20055:
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19889:
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19794:
19764:
17975:
17284:
16726:
15810:
15595:
15409:
15216:
15069:
14958:
14738:
14679:
14485:"ProstitutionâDefinition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
14291:
14256:
13796:"Supreme Court says federal law protects LGBTQ workers from discrimination"
13380:
European Commission; Eurostat; Leythienne, Denis; Ronkowski, Piotr (2018).
13095:"Decomposing the Gender Pay Gap in the Australian Managerial Labour Market"
12692:
12622:
12148:
11901:
10028:
9981:
9759:(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. p. 330.
9670:
Macfarlane, Christina; Coppack, Sean; Masters, James (September 12, 2019).
9658:
9075:
8957:
8882:
8761:
8711:
also be denied access to medical procedures related to their reassignment.
8661:
8366:
8335:
8240:
8167:
8156:
8063:
7896:
The idea of having two, opposite genders is tied to sexuality through what
7870:
7838:
7743:
7703:
by eroticizing scenes in which women are dominated, coerced, humiliated or
7696:
7567:
7432:
7022:
6971:
6234:
6164:
6028:
5963:
5958:
5918:
5868:
5625:
5544:
5522:
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5171:
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4227:
4217:
4197:
4177:
3800:
3693:
3688:
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2585:
2483:
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2273:
2229:
1855:
1734:
1554:
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1395:
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998:
891:
886:
609:
584:
435:
375:
340:
310:
22013:
21760:
21650:
19408:
Macklem, Tony. 2004. Beyond Comparison: Sex and Discrimination. New York:
18923:
18470:. The University of Michigan Law School. November 16, 2012. Archived from
18027:"The impact of sex selection and abortion in China, India and South Korea"
17118:
15097:
14549:
13563:
13512:
11603:
9555:
9494:
9486:
9189:
9134:. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 104.
8505:
is the terminating of a pregnancy based upon the female sex of the fetus.
8170:
drew attention to a section of the Penal Code of Northern Nigeria, titled
7304:
Wage discrimination is theorized as contradicting the economic concept of
2542:) for employment, ownership of property and traveling away from home; the
22598:
22507:
22145:
21900:
21795:
21755:
21667:
21645:
21628:
21578:
21165:
21125:
21093:
20960:
20920:
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20499:
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19894:
19849:
19769:
19432:
18897:
18002:
17869:
17682:
17655:
17637:
15921:
13598:
12800:
Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009
11253:
9471:
Nakdimen, K. A. (1984). "The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping".
9127:
8834:
8585:
8130:
8106:
8071:
7994:
7980:
7923:
7874:
7842:
7680:
7589:: the treatment of a person as identified with their body, or body parts;
7580:
Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification
7544:
7452:
7448:
5637:
5428:
4551:
4511:
4479:
4338:
4298:
4132:
4045:
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3971:
3871:
3546:
3259:
3242:
3197:
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2842:
2789:
2695:
2650:
2630:
2614:
2569:
2505:
2413:
2256:
2252:
2216:
level. According to Richard Schaefer, sexism is perpetuated by all major
2115:
1749:
1709:
1677:
1536:
1496:
1330:
1243:
1194:
1169:
1069:
744:
457:
440:
395:
315:
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21810:
19480:
18678:
17300:"Part 3: Are we medicating a disorder or treating boyhood as a disease?"
17119:"Postsecondary Participation Rates by Sex and Race/Ethnicity: 1974â2003"
17075:
16512:"A/RES/48/104. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women"
14694:"European Women's Lobby: Prostitution in Europe: 60 Years of Reluctance"
14251:
Morgan, Robin. (1974). "Theory and Practice: Pornography and Rape". In:
14087:
13444:
13427:
13221:
12940:"The Gender Wage Gap and Wage Arrears in Russia: Evidence from the RLMS"
12830:"Male Income Percentile and Female Income Percentile Calculator in 2018"
12829:
12759:
12352:
Yoder, Janice D. (1991). "Rethinking Tokenism: Looking beyond Numbers".
12328:
12077:
11051:
10876:(in French). August 13, 2013. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015
10700:"Yemen's dark side: Discrimination and violence against women and girls"
10658:
10477:
23253:
23011:
22039:
21931:
21895:
21845:
21775:
21750:
21687:
21439:
21434:
21315:
21310:
21206:
21190:
21047:
20940:
20898:
20860:
20668:
20656:
20629:
20619:
20539:
19938:
19933:
19904:
19839:
19688:
18759:
18215:"Gender equality profiles from the Middle East and North Africa Region"
18107:
17983:
15391:
15224:
14449:
14417:
13721:
13347:
12921:
12161:
11669:
11628:. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Mass., US: Blackwell, 1999, 1995, pp. 256â57,
11407:"European Database: Women in Decision-making â y Country Report Greece"
10827:
10099:
9995:
9315:
Foster, Carly Hayden (2011). "Sexism". In Kurian, George Thomas (ed.).
9022:
8982:
8557:
8510:
8506:
7407:
7379:
6194:
6179:
5873:
4833:
4828:
4709:
4704:
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4425:
4318:
4276:
4232:
4040:
4028:
4001:
3991:
3911:
3286:
3281:
3252:
3187:
3028:
2645:, the violation of the latter now being acknowledged as a violation of
2408:, and in the European colonies in North America, claims were made that
2377:
2292:
2288:
2269:
2119:
2031:
2026:
1907:
1902:
1798:
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1430:
1238:
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1199:
1189:
1109:
484:
479:
450:
385:
226:
16658:"Iraqi immigrant convicted in Arizona 'honor killing' awaits sentence"
16103:
Koranyi, Balazs; Fouche, Gwladys (June 14, 2014). Char, Pravin (ed.).
14764:
13903:"The Objectification of WomenâIt Goes Much Further Than Sexy Pictures"
13606:
12412:
11384:"La citoyennetĂ© politique des femmesâLa dĂ©cision du GĂ©nĂ©ral de Gaulle"
10943:"Les violences sexuelles en Tunisie: aprÚs le déni, un début de (...)"
9726:
9694:
8382:, as well as locking female consumers into false feminine identities.
8074:
Today most countries still require only men to serve in the military.
2838:
2538:
era, in Spain, a married woman required her husband's consent (called
23248:
22842:
21941:
21790:
21780:
21640:
21583:
21340:
21288:
21005:
20604:
19714:
18078:"BBC Radio 4âCrossing Continents, Forced Sterilisation in Uzbekistan"
15918:"Methods for studying silence: The 'silence' of Swedish conscription"
15893:
Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures
15591:"Nigeria's child brides: 'I thought being in labour would never end'"
14987:
14199:(Winter 2012 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
13882:(Summer 2018 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
13283:
The Motherhood Penalty: Working Moms Face Pay Gap Vs. Childless Peers
10202:
9966:(First ed.). Trumansburg, New York: Crossing Press. p. 41.
9624:
8977:
8887:
8796:
8534:
8135:
8002:
7890:
7833:
Gender discrimination is discrimination based on actual or perceived
7735:
pornography in which men are objectified and sexually used by women.
7658:
7558:
7461:. Vancouver Rape Relief countered that individuals are shaped by the
6174:
6169:
5247:
4734:
4682:
4383:
3976:
3062:
2854:
2642:
2603:
is very difficult in many jurisdictions because of the need to prove
2509:
2467:
2357:
2209:
2091:
1932:
1880:
1581:
1174:
260:
18600:
16892:
Ecklund, Elaine Howard; Lincoln, Anne E.; Tansey, Cassandra (2012).
16514:. United Nations General Assembly. December 20, 1993. Archived from
14619:"Julie Bindel: Eradicate the oldest oppressionâUK newsâThe Guardian"
14433:
14217:
12913:
12638:"Study finds, surprisingly, that women are favored for jobs in STEM"
11661:
11316:"The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology"
8636:). Such countries include: Algeria (in criminal cases), Bahrain (in
23293:
23086:
22954:
22697:
22227:
22150:
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21860:
21723:
21655:
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21135:
21062:
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19869:
19864:
19859:
19784:
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19724:
19338:
19311:
18734:
18699:
16352:"'A Poison in the System': The Epidemic of Military Sexual Assault"
16074:
13847:
13826:
13394:
12843:
12523:
12404:
11028:
10914:
9834:(9th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill/Higher Education. p. 247.
9710:
9002:
8997:
8912:
8907:
8850:
8838:
8665:
8538:
8415:), family members, or the community. Amnesty International states:
8354:
8315:
8140:
8034:
7711:
7518:
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7244:
7233:
7186:
5948:
5816:
5379:
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325:
270:
24003:
19448:
GenEq | Centers for Educational Justice & Community Engagement
18677:
Butcher, Kristin F.; Park, Kyung H.; Morrison Piehl, Anne (2017).
16680:"Handbook on Effective police responses to violence against women"
10585:"20 years after fall of wall, women of former East Germany thrive"
8855:
7774:
condemned prostitution as "an intolerable form of male violence".
7727:
Defenders of pornography and anti-censorship activists (including
2557:, the law allows husbands to legally "punish" their wives. In the
2488:
2212:
has examined sexism as manifesting at both the individual and the
22460:
21978:
21973:
21951:
21825:
21785:
21770:
21660:
19789:
19693:
19673:
19646:
19621:
19525:
19467:
17934:"Estimation of the Number of Missing Females in China: 1900-2000"
17731:
17729:
17032:"Acid attacks, poison: What Afghan girls risk by going to school"
16109:
15646:"BBC NewsâMorocco protest after raped Amina Filali kills herself"
14576:"Redefining Prostitution as Sex Work on the International Agenda"
12550:"Mothers face disadvantages in getting hired, Cornell study says"
11207:
Stange, Mary Zeiss; Carol K. Oyster; Jane E. Sloan, eds. (2011).
11076:
Women and Labour in Late Colonial India: The Bengal Jute Industry
10397:"Witch Hunting in India: Poor, Low Caste and Widows Main Targets"
8725:
n average, women receive lighter sentences in comparison with men
8715:
8577:
8375:
7751:
7643:
7582:, proposed three more properties to be added to Nussbaum's list:
7157:, occurring in the workplace. One form of occupational sexism is
7101:
5610:
3137:
3033:
3015:
2988:
2963:
2886:
2698:
women gained the right to vote in federal elections in 1971, and
2600:
2589:
2387:
2187:âs speech "On Being Born Female", which was delivered before the
335:
231:
213:
186:
161:
84:
16105:"Norway becomes first NATO country to draft women into military"
13768:"Does Saks have the legal right to fire a transgender employee?"
13214:
11024:"More Afghan women jailed for 'moral crimes', says HRWâBBC News"
9672:"FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist"
9240:(4th ed.). Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 551.
8765:
are afraid the treatment may result in fetal loss. According to
21926:
21855:
21820:
21733:
21728:
21692:
21593:
21568:
21545:
20765:
19774:
19656:
19651:
19601:
19428:
Math on trial. How numbers get used and abused in the courtroom
18462:
18460:
18458:
18456:
18454:
16538:"Court in UAE says beating wife, child OK if no marks are left"
14418:"A Feminist Critique of "the" Feminist Critique of Pornography"
14399:"Stuart Jeffries talks to leading feminist Catharine MacKinnon"
13190:"Persistent Pay Gap Affects Women Just One Year Out of College"
12146:
Tan, Dali (January 1, 1990). "Sexism in the Chinese Language".
9937:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press. p. 48.
9744:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. 1989. p. 112.
9078:
work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from
8678:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
8657:
8637:
8452:
8214:
8198:
7654:
7639:
4137:
3122:
2998:
2993:
2943:
2221:
2103:
1335:
320:
196:
191:
141:
19385:
Employment Non-Discrimination Act | Human Rights Campaign
19168:"BBC NewsâMaldives girl to get 100 lashes for pre-marital sex"
18972:
18494:(Ph.D. thesis). Bowling Green State University. Archived from
18196:. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)âIndia. Archived from
17726:
17608:
17606:
16789:"Outrage Over Iran Human Rights Official's Defense of Stoning"
16071:"Indepth: Femsle SoldiersâWomen in the militaryâinternational"
12938:
Gerry, Christopher J.; Kim, Byung-Yeon; Li, Carmen A. (2004).
12894:
Zveglich, Joseph E. Jr.; Rodgers, Yana van der Meulen (2004).
9910:
9383:(4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4.
9163:. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. pp. 748â751.
9099:
9097:
7447:
against Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter. Nixon, a
7247:
found a persistent, average gender pay gap of 27.5% in the 27
2154:. Sexism may arise from social or cultural customs and norms.
21998:
21738:
21697:
21558:
20775:
19606:
19377:
against Transgender People." ACLU. Available (online) :
18779:
15259:(7th ed.). United States of America: SAGE Publications.
13822:"Even with ruling, workplace still unequal for LGBTQ workers"
11052:"Smt. Saroj Rani vs Sudarshan Kumar Chadha on 8 August, 1984"
10436:
8617:
8589:
8339:
7976:
7232:
Gender pay gap in average gross hourly earnings according to
4147:
2948:
2618:
2573:
2565:
2550:
2493:
2455:
2409:
2329:
2107:
1345:
146:
27:
Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender
19090:
18451:
15254:
14864:
14816:
The Black image in the White mind: Media and race in America
14534:
Sullivan, Barbara (2007). "Rape, Prostitution and Consent".
14228:
Pornography and civil rights: a new day for women's equality
14146:
Israeli Penal Law 5737â1977: Obscene publication and display
12844:"Income by Sex: Average, Median, 1%, and Calculator â DQYDJ"
11528:
The Gendered Reality of Migrant Workers in Globalizing China
10910:"Nouveaux progrĂšs, mais il ne faut pas pour autant pavoiser"
9695:"Historical Notes on the Vocabulary of the Women's Movement"
9159:
Masequesmay, Gina (2008). "Sexism". In O'Brien, Jodi (ed.).
22196:
21805:
21563:
21387:
21216:
17603:
15889:"War and Gender: Men's War RolesâBoyhood and Coming of Age"
15145:
15095:
13496:
12793:
12791:
12307:
12285:
12120:"Gleichberechtigung im Studium: Studenten, Àh, Studierende"
11265:
United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner
10333:"World Report on Violence Chapter 5 â Abuse of the elderly"
9094:
8407:
or dresses until an age that varied between two and eight.
8404:
8307:
8277:
8237:, because it allowed those convicted a chance at survival.
8102:
7510:
7437:
7053:
4781:
4610:
2745:
2554:
2461:
2438:
Witchcraft remains illegal in several countries, including
2127:
2111:
1979:
1808:
17416:
Beauty and Misogyny:Harmful cultural practices in the west
16701:
12033:
12031:
11308:
8776:
7443:
In August 1995, Kimberly Nixon filed a complaint with the
2138:
or their gender or sex differences. An example of this is
21946:
21553:
19194:
18676:
17755:
17683:"Gender: Women workers mistreatedâClean Clothes Campaign"
17270:
16389:
15559:
15557:
12983:"Economics Explains Discrimination in the Labour Market."
11755:. Online.santarosa.edu. December 23, 2014. Archived from
11711:
10315:
9797:(8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 274â275.
7286:
Studies examining the gender pay gap in the United States
7154:
7032:
2744:
Until the early 1980s, some high-end restaurants had two
2099:
19446:"Transgender." UC Berkekely Online. Available (online):
18800:"El Salvador: Where women may be jailed for miscarrying"
18601:"Gender Discrimination in the U.S. Death Penalty System"
18538:
When She Was Bad: How and Why Women Get Away With Murder
17069:
16182:"National Coalition for Men v. Selective Service System"
13072:
The impact of a sustained gender wage gap on the economy
12788:
11404:
9669:
8841:
are illegal, victims of rape can be charged criminally.
8645:
and Equality Now as being discriminatory towards women.
8501:
is the killing of newborn female children, while female
2714:, women obtained the right to vote in 1984, through the
17614:"Women's right to choose their dress, free of coercion"
17147:"The Crossover in Female-Male College Enrollment Rates"
14775:
14287:"Are women human? (interview with Catharine MacKinnon)"
14090:(inactive September 12, 2024) – via ResearchGate.
13655:
13653:
12771:
12769:
12291:
OECD Employment Outlookâ2008 Edition Summary in English
12028:
10089:
9107:
Stevenson, Angus; Lindberg, Christine A., eds. (2011).
8861:
sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
8656:
is, in many common law countries, a partial defense to
8652:
has also been accused of discriminating against women.
7474:
19263:
The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men And Boys
18760:"Family planningâUNFPAâUnited Nations Population Fund"
16758:"Pakistani women buried alive 'for choosing husbands'"
16403:
15769:
The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men and Boys
15554:
15045:
14370:"A Conversation With Catherine MacKinnon (transcript)"
13426:
Blau, Francine D.; Kahn, Lawrence M. (November 2000).
12666:"Do Employer Preferences Contribute to Sticky Floors?"
10055:
Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History
9265:
The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Political Thought
8470:
8079:
The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men and Boys
7163:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
7153:
practices, statements or actions, based on a person's
2195:, and subsequently published on November 15, 1968, in
23992:
18835:"Nicaragua abortion ban 'cruel and inhuman disgrace'"
17507:"Julie Bindel: Boys aren't born wanting to wear blue"
16225:"Military Sexual Abuse: A Greater Menace Than Combat"
15612:
15610:
15608:
15606:
14751:
Cole, E., & Henderson Daniel, J. (Eds.). (2005).
13963:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 228â229.
13584:
13330:
Cavalcanti, Tiago; Tavares, José (February 1, 2016).
13239:. Swift Economics. September 21, 2009. Archived from
12663:
11747:
11745:
10697:
10330:
10277:
Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts
10002:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 78â79.
6994:
2142:. Sexism refers to violation of equal opportunities (
22310:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
18936:
17815:
17813:
16933:
16891:
16592:
16470:
16468:
16167:"Kaderwet dienstplicht wordt aangepast voor vrouwen"
15096:
Feder, Jody & Cynthia Brougher (July 15, 2013).
14332:
Mackinnon, Catherine A. (1984) "Not a moral issue."
13650:
12766:
12225:
Oakland, Calif.: Mills College, February 2013, p. 9.
11812:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 2â3.
9859:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 301.
8213:
in which five women were killed by tribesmen of the
2629:. Other problems have to do with the payment of the
19504:
The New Subtle Sexism Toward Women in the Workplace
18349:
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology
18301:"The Islamic Penal Code of 2013, Books I, II and V"
18191:"Laws and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check"
18052:"Uzbekistan's policy of secretly sterilising women"
17996:
17239:
Mapping the social landscape: readings in sociology
16722:"Three teenagers buried alive in 'honour killings'"
16570:. Equalitynow.org. February 6, 2015. Archived from
15131:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
14315:"Feminist Perspectives on Sex Markets: Pornography"
14253:
Going Too Far: The Personal Chronicle of a Feminist
13375:
13373:
13069:National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling.
10466:
10311:"Saudi woman beheaded for 'witchcraft and sorcery'"
9404:
8525:. Recent studies suggest that over 90 million
8182:dress seen as inappropriate, or homosexuality. The
7089:
60:
organizations campaigned for women's right to vote.
19403:Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
19397:Employment Discrimination: An Organizational Model
19003:
18427:
18425:
17459:
17355:"Gender Biases in Student Evaluations of Teaching"
16860:
16756:
15925:Feminist Methodologies for International Relations
15603:
15184:Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
14819:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.
13983:
13717:Women's careers more tied to weight than menâstudy
13039:Women Don't Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide
12327:The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
12202:
11805:
11742:
11294:"Timeline of Women's Suffrage Granted, by Country"
10991:
10476:. Legacy98.org. September 19, 2001. Archived from
10361:
10112:
9962:The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory
9959:
9930:
9889:
9827:
9616:
9512:
9420:(5th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 601.
9350:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
9233:
8660:, which converts what would have been murder into
2106:. Sexism can affect anyone, but primarily affects
37:"Anti-sexism" redirects here. For other uses, see
21351:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
18997:
18979:. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources. p.
18896:
18498:on June 30, 2013 – via OhioLINK ETD Center.
18245:"Article 7: Right to equal protection by the law"
17957:
17955:
17810:
17197:. In Gabriel, Susan L.; Smithson, Isaiah (eds.).
16465:
15303:
15301:
15250:
15248:
15246:
15244:
14537:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology
14533:
14529:
14527:
14100:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
14028:
13977:
13867:
13865:
13329:
12664:Baert, S.; De Pauw, A.-S.; Deschacht, N. (2016).
12574:
12497:
11476:
11474:
11472:
10194:
9381:Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics
9106:
8386:for girls and pink for boys. In the early 1900s,
8221:, Pakistani federal minister for Postal Services
7828:
7322:
4745:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
2576:. These transactions often serve as legitimizing
2518:, 88 U.S. 162). A similar legal doctrine, called
2328:, or self-immolation by widows, was prevalent in
1943:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
24028:
21520:
18483:
18481:
18416:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
18346:
18123:"Everything you need to know about human rights"
17961:
16967:
16965:
16710:. July 2, 2002. United Nations General Assembly.
16431:
16429:
16098:
16096:
15758:
15756:
15754:
15372:Miller, Lisa R.; Grollman, Eric Anthony (2015).
14361:
13370:
13313:"Blaming Women's Choices for the Gender Pay Gap"
13237:"Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics: The Wage Gap"
13029:
12493:
12491:
12468:
12466:
11692:Measuring Sex Stereotypes: A Multinational Study
11480:
9896:(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 9.
9788:
9786:
9784:
9279:Either sex may be the object of sexist attitudes
8787:Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims
8603:
7522:: treating the object as lacking in autonomy or
2526:(and is still partially in force in present-day
21011:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
19459:35.1 (1992): 161â180. Business Source Complete.
18422:
18380:
18378:
18153:"Explainer: What was China's one-child policy?"
17997:Gettis, A.; Getis, J.; Fellmann, J. D. (2004).
17525:
17422:. East Sussex: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
16749:
15471:
15469:
15211:
15209:
15207:
14173:Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law
14113:
14111:
14070:Zotos, Yorgos; Tsichla, Eirini (October 2014).
13765:
13759:
13052:United States Congress Joint Economic Committee
12893:
12582:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
12450:
12448:
12003:"France Drops 'Mademoiselle' From Official Use"
11626:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology
11381:
10442:
9663:
9547:
9506:
9504:
9288:
8676:perceived as excusable or understandable." The
8529:in China and India as a result of infanticide.
8287:is lower for females than for males. Data from
8009:Marrying girls under 18 years old is rooted in
7917:
4389:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
1587:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
20493:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
19097:The Routledge Handbook of European Criminology
18387:"Thousands of Women Killed for Family 'Honor'"
17952:
16974:"Why are there still so few women in science?"
16894:"Gender Segregation in Elite Academic Science"
16438:Clinical Manual of Prevention in Mental Health
15371:
15298:
15241:
15091:
15089:
15087:
14524:
14278:
14182:
13862:
13843:"Transsexual Loses Fight with Women's Shelter"
13536:
13534:
13532:
13530:
13310:
12933:
12931:
12743:
12347:
12345:
12303:
12301:
12281:
12279:
12277:
12275:
12273:
11996:
11994:
11562:"The Court Case That Killed the 'Ladies Menu'"
11469:
10610:
10147:Frier, Bruce W.; McGinn, Thomas A. J. (2004).
10106:
9826:Hughes, Michael; Kroehler, Carolyn J. (2009).
9825:
9612:
9610:
9608:
9578:
9576:
7005:Various 20th century feminist movements, from
6970:semantic rule in operation in language of the
3865:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
1063:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
22212:
21506:
19541:
19310:
19035:
18968:
18966:
18964:
18962:
18478:
17743:. World Health Organization. February 5, 2024
17195:"Confronting Sexism in the College Classroom"
16962:
16713:
16426:
16102:
16093:
16032:
15856:
15751:
15041:
15039:
15037:
14934:
14899:
14812:
14753:Featuring females: Feminist analyses of media
14211:
13949:
12543:
12541:
12488:
12463:
11879:
11873:
11555:
11553:
11551:
11358:
10188:
10092:A Brief History of the World Course No. 8080
10051:
9916:
9887:
9781:
9748:
9439:
7419:
6950:
4870:
2834:Implicit stereotype § Gender stereotypes
2774:The examples and perspective in this section
2068:
22171:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
19029:
18930:
18903:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
18409:"Gender-Related Killings of Women and Girls"
18375:
17990:
17231:
17192:
17023:
16397:
16169:(in Dutch). Rijksoverheid. February 2, 2016.
15830:
15504:
15502:
15466:
15204:
15000:
14635:
14616:
14307:
14108:
14069:
13468:"What are the causes? - European Commission"
13109:
13063:
12860:Journal of the European Economic Association
12635:
12445:
12228:
11971:"Feminist literary studies: an introduction"
11797:
11645:
11624:Manstead, A. S. R.; Hewstone, Miles; et al.
11125:
10045:
9501:
9464:
9161:Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, Volume 2
9074: This article incorporates text from a
9008:National Organization for Men Against Sexism
8458:Female genital mutilation is defined by the
8432:
7960:
2157:
2146:) based on gender or refers to violation of
20709:List of people killed for being transgender
19499:10 sexist scenarios that women face at work
19066:"Libya rape victims 'face honour killings'"
18890:
18188:
17200:Gender in the Classroom: Power and Pedagogy
16636:"Shocking gay honor killing inspires movie"
16586:
16300:
15084:
14971:
14338:2:321-345. Reprinted in: Mackinnon (1989).
13955:
13541:Matsa, David A.; Miller, Amalia R. (2011).
13540:
13527:
13274:
12928:
12657:
12342:
12298:
12270:
12039:"Mexico advises workers on sexist language"
11991:
11318:. History-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch
11079:. Cambridge University Press. p. 205.
10146:
10119:. Oxford University Press. pp. 80â84.
9881:
9819:
9605:
9573:
9553:
9212:(2005). "Sexism". In Honderich, Ted (ed.).
9187:
9158:
8172:Correction of Child, Pupil, Servant or Wife
7746:is the business or practice of engaging in
4081:List of people killed for being transgender
1279:List of people killed for being transgender
22975:African-American women's suffrage movement
22219:
22205:
21513:
21499:
19548:
19534:
19316:Feminist theory: a philosophical anthology
19190:"The Nation: The Plight of Women Soldiers"
18959:
18510:"Studies: Gender Bias in Death Sentencing"
16004:The Changing Face of European Conscription
15986:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
15536:"Dowry and abuse still a problem in India"
15049:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
15034:
14367:
14191:"Feminist Perspectives on Objectification"
14029:Zimmerman, Amanda; Dahlberg, John (2008).
13874:"Feminist Perspectives on Objectification"
13304:
13289:
13255:
12937:
12538:
11548:
10786:. New York: UN Women. 2012. Archived from
9988:
9922:
8624:against women is a form of discrimination.
8537:and South Asia (China, India, Korea), the
6957:
6943:
5837:African-American women's suffrage movement
4877:
4863:
2792:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2075:
2061:
19337:
19283:Journal of Language and Social Psychology
18973:Odem, Mary E.; Clay-Warner, Jody (1998).
18754:
18752:
18431:
17273:British Journal of Sociology of Education
16179:
16000:
15803:
15668:"Ethiopia: Revenge of the abducted bride"
15499:
15399:
14510:"Prostitution Law & Legal Definition"
13443:
13286:. Bloomsberg Businessweek, June 05, 2009.
12691:
12612:
12602:
12513:
12329:"Facts About Compensation Discrimination"
11589:
10626:
10363:"Witch-hunts of low-caste women in Nepal"
10300:Kramer and Sprenger. Malleus Maleficarum.
9951:
9848:
9585:Beyond Comparison: Sex and Discrimination
9445:
9216:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
9149:the more accurate and more specific sense
9126:
8799:, India, demanding justice for a student
8191:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
8021:, pregnancy and birth complications, and
2808:Learn how and when to remove this message
2371:
2307:
22920:Discrimination against transgender women
19805:Social determinants of health in poverty
19334:Part II What is Sexism? pp. 69â114.
19279:
19187:
17923:". The New York Times. November 25, 2005
17782:
17780:
17462:Feminism, Femininity and Popular Culture
17412:
17330:
16858:
16668:from the original on September 22, 2022.
16350:Moyer, Melinda Wenner (August 3, 2021).
16334:
15948:
15453:National Center for Transgender Equality
15307:
14654:
14415:
14396:
14284:
14188:
13923:
13872:Papadaki, Evangelia (December 1, 2015).
13871:
13684:
13425:
13030:Babcock, Linda; Laschever, Sara (2003).
10359:
10178:Chang'An Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban)
9888:Crawford, Mary; Unger, Rhoda K. (2004).
9792:
9754:
9510:
9470:
9450:. Oxford University Press. p. 197.
9231:
8903:Discrimination against non-binary people
8854:
8790:
8607:
8489:
8482:
8474:
8442:
8360:
8349:
8184:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
8134:
8054:
7989:Poster against child and forced marriage
7984:
7865:Oppositional sexism is a term coined by
7625:
7473:
7295:
7291:American Association of University Women
7227:
5782:Discrimination against transgender women
3153:Social determinants of health in poverty
2837:
2674:
2670:
2487:
2462:Coverture and other marriage regulations
2381:
2320:
2316:
351:Social determinants of health in poverty
52:
18797:
18720:
18534:
18487:
18432:McCormack, Simon (September 11, 2012).
17900:"Female Infanticide in India and China"
17870:"Girls at risk amid India's prosperity"
17457:
17333:"Teachers 'give higher marks to girls'"
17297:
16971:
16827:
16719:
16623:from the original on February 23, 2023.
16435:
16223:Hynes, H. Patricia (January 26, 2012).
16038:
15920:. In Ackerly, Brooke A.; Stern, Maria;
15862:
15762:
14975:Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science
14839:
14710:
13900:
13164:Dey, Judy Goldberg and Catherine Hill.
13060:. Washington, DC, December 2010, p. 80.
12856:
12812:Institute for Women's Policy Research.
12266:. Cornell University Press. p. 34.
11803:
11779:"Sexism In LanguageâReadingâPostscript"
11690:Williams, John E. and Deborah L. Best.
11459:"Liechtenstein Women Win Right to Vote"
10681:"The History of Passports in Australia"
10582:
10498:
10394:
10360:Shrestha, Deepesh (February 15, 2010).
10169:
9892:Women and Gender: A Feminist Psychology
9692:
9582:
9365:key test of whether something is sexist
9342:
9259:
9232:Jary, David; Jary, Julia, eds. (2005).
9208:
8777:Sexual assault and treatment of victims
8541:(Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia), and
7943:transgender people in the United States
7935:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
7363:
7341:women's overall paid working hours, and
14:
24029:
19462:Kail, R., & Cavanaugh, J. (2010).
18749:
18598:
18384:
17867:
17831:from the original on January 16, 2024.
17504:
17385:
17352:
17173:Sex differences in cognitive abilities
17029:
16633:
16039:Altinay, Ayse GĂŒl (December 9, 2004).
15836:
15743:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
15215:
15124:
14655:Jeffreys, Sheila (November 11, 2008).
14117:
13223:Highlights of Women's Earnings in 2009
13099:Australian Journal of Labour Economics
13092:
12388:
12261:
12063:
12000:
11955:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
11865:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
11252:
11209:Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World
11192:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
10947:FIDH â Worldwide Human Rights Movement
9933:Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
9521:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 315.
9448:The Handbook of Culture and Psychology
9375:
9314:
8737:
8346:Gendered associations of pink and blue
7860:
7445:British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal
7401:
7111:
7096:Category:Sex- and gender-related slurs
7033:Sexism in languages other than English
23269:Post-structuralist discourse analysis
22535:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary
22200:
21494:
19529:
19009:Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape
18780:Paul Hunt; Judith Bueno de Mesquita.
18385:Mayell, Hillary (February 12, 2002).
17821:"EthicsâAbortion: Female infanticide"
17777:
17234:"Failing at Fairness: Hidden Lessons"
17175:. Laurence Erlbaum Associates, 2000.
16769:from the original on January 11, 2022
16349:
16222:
16180:Angelluci, Marc E. (April 13, 2013).
16117:from the original on January 28, 2015
15618:"World report on violence and health"
15181:
14340:Toward a Feminist Theory of the State
14189:Papadaki, Evangelia (June 28, 2011).
13619:
12714:
12671:Industrial and Labor Relations Review
12351:
12090:
11559:
10811:
10659:"Spain â Social Values And Attitudes"
10533:"France's leading women show the way"
10376:from the original on January 11, 2022
10022:
9994:
9928:
9554:Masequesmay, Gina (January 5, 2024).
9317:The Encyclopedia of Political Science
9188:Masequesmay, Gina (January 5, 2024).
8159:violation, and the result of sexism.
7808:In an attempt to study the effect of
7648:sexual objectification in advertising
7392:
7127:"Calling nurses by their first names"
2830:Gender role § Gender stereotypes
2823:
2368:were commonly afforded equal status.
2332:society until the early 19th century.
24047:Prejudice and discrimination by type
21475:
20515:Capital punishment for homosexuality
19810:Social determinants of mental health
19405:. Sixth Edition. 2007. 131, 139â142
19318:. Oxford, UK Malden, Massachusetts:
19165:
18541:. New York: Penguin Books. pp.
18169:
17880:from the original on January 1, 2016
17680:
17656:"Saudi police 'stopped' fire rescue"
17555:"Should we not dress girls in pink?"
17528:"When Did Girls Start Wearing Pink?"
17298:Abraham, Carolyn (August 23, 2012).
17232:Sadker, Myra; Sadker, David (1999).
17193:Sadker, Myra; Sadker, David (1990).
16811:"Violence Against Women Information"
16720:Hussain, Zahid (September 5, 2008).
16568:"The Penal Code of Northern Nigeria"
16248:
15891:. In Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin
15818:from the original on January 5, 2015
14844:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.
14152:(6th ed.). OECD. pp. 70â71
14118:Holmes, Stephanie (April 25, 2008).
13840:
13766:Steinmetz, Katy (January 12, 2015).
13311:Hilary M. Lips (September 7, 2009).
13187:
12981:The Open University: Learning Space.
12547:
12117:
11882:Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
11525:
10842:"Code du Statut Personnel â Tunisie"
10422:"Violence Against Women Information"
10175:
9957:
9854:
9296:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
9084:, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.
8648:The criminal justice system in many
8634:Status of women's testimony in Islam
8116:
7853:According to a recent report by the
7532:: treating the object as lacking in
3887:Capital punishment for homosexuality
3158:Social determinants of mental health
2760:
2708:Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland
2641:and to self-determination regarding
1085:Capital punishment for homosexuality
356:Social determinants of mental health
20635:Genital modification and mutilation
19149:"Thailand passes marital rape bill"
19038:Acquaintance rape: the hidden crime
18976:Confronting rape and sexual assault
18172:"China's barbaric one-child policy"
17638:"Iran to intensify dress crackdown"
16335:Benedict, Helen (August 13, 2008).
16204:from the original on March 21, 2015
15153:"Employment Non-Discrimination Act"
14636:Julie Bindel (September 10, 2007).
14397:Jeffries, Stuart (April 12, 2006).
14320:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
14285:Jeffries, Stuart (April 12, 2006).
14196:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
13879:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
12994:
12145:
12095:. blogs.reuters.com. Archived from
12001:Sayare, Scott (February 22, 2012).
11560:Frost, Natasha (February 2, 2018).
11103:. Manupatrafast.com. Archived from
11072:
10521:from the original on March 4, 2016.
10395:Iaccino, Ludovica (July 22, 2014).
8630:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
8479:World map of birth sex ratios, 2012
8471:Gendercide and forced sterilization
8427:discriminated against when pregnant
8357:in 1712, a boy wearing a pink dress
8306:Boys are frequently diagnosed with
7789:
7638:Today, some countries (for example
7075:("the women students"), one writes
4007:Genital modification and mutilation
2756:
2716:women's suffrage referendum of 1984
1205:Genital modification and mutilation
24:
19555:
19389:Feder, Jody and Cynthia Brougher.
19166:Lang, Olivia (February 26, 2013).
18953:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01068.x
18798:Lakhani, Nina (October 18, 2013).
18662:. January 15, 2008. Archived from
18307:. February 6, 2015. Archived from
17505:Bindel, Julie (January 24, 2012).
16646:from the original on June 4, 2023.
16544:. October 19, 2010. Archived from
16440:(1st ed.). Washington, D.C.:
16319:
16143:. October 27, 2014. Archived from
16081:from the original on April 4, 2015
15483:. October 22, 2014. Archived from
14757:American Psychological Association
14231:. Organizing Against Pornography.
14120:"Scandinavian split on sexist ads"
14000:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
13943:10.1111/j.1088-4963.1995.tb00032.x
13841:Rupp, Shannon (February 3, 2007).
13118:Why do men earn more? Just because
12556:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University
12118:Osel, Johann (February 18, 2015).
11437:"BBC NewsâTimeline: Liechtenstein"
11211:. Vol. 1. Sage. p. 496.
10025:The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory
9686:
9214:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy
8365:Chinese woman shows the effect of
7469:
7338:ineffective equal pay legislation,
7328:Differences in pay are caused by:
6995:Sexist and gender-neutral language
2655:High Commissioner for Human Rights
2597:World Organisation Against Torture
2291:defines sexism as one branch of a
25:
24078:
19473:
19225:. August 13, 2008. Archived from
17526:Maglaty, Jeanne (April 7, 2011).
17439:from the original on June 6, 2013
16634:Watson, Ivan (January 13, 2012).
15916:Kronsell, Anica (June 29, 2006).
15285:University of California Berkeley
14617:Julie Bindel (January 18, 2006).
14313:Shrage, Laurie. (July 13, 2007).
13688:Equal Opportunities International
13220:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
13149:American Management Association.
12460:. New York Times, March 26, 2009.
9742:Oxford English Dictionary Vol. 15
9652:
9053:Sexism in the technology industry
8933:Gender discrimination in Pakistan
8671:The traditional leniency towards
8027:International Labour Organization
7941:discriminationâshowed that Black
7928:Healthcare and the LGBT community
7621:
2845:portrays stereotypes about women
2582:Code of Personal Status (Tunisia)
2504:Until the 20th century, U.S. and
32:Sexual orientation discrimination
24014:
24002:
23976:
23967:
23966:
23954:
23514:Democratic Republic of the Congo
22930:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
22086:Attraction to transgender people
21474:
21465:
21464:
21114:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
20951:Law for Protection of the Nation
20851:White genocide conspiracy theory
19479:
19209:
19181:
19159:
19141:
19084:
19058:
18873:
18848:
18827:
18813:
18791:
18773:
18714:
18670:
18648:
18625:
18592:
18559:
18528:
18514:Death Penalty Information Center
18502:
18401:
18340:
18323:
18293:
18263:
18237:
18207:
18182:
18163:
18145:
18115:
18095:
18070:
18044:
18019:
17926:
17921:Missing: 50 million Indian girls
17913:
17892:
17868:Bryant, Nick (August 18, 2007).
17861:
17835:
17788:"What is gender-based violence?"
17700:
17674:
17648:
17630:
17590:
17573:
17547:
17519:
17498:
17451:
17406:
17379:
17346:
17331:Coughlan, Sean (March 5, 2015).
17324:
17291:
17264:
17236:. In Ferguson, Sandra J. (ed.).
17225:
17186:
17165:
17139:
17111:
17063:
17049:
17030:Torgan, Allie (August 2, 2012).
17005:
16991:
16927:
16885:
16852:
16831:In the Company of Educated Women
16828:Solomon, Barbara Miller (1985).
16821:
16803:
16781:
16672:
16650:
16627:
16605:
16560:
16530:
16504:
16377:
16343:
16328:
16313:
16294:
16268:
16242:
16216:
16173:
16159:
16129:
16063:
15994:
15942:
15910:
15881:
15804:Berlatsky, Noah (May 29, 2013).
15797:
15704:
15686:
15660:
15638:
15583:
15528:
15438:
15416:
15365:
15343:National Black Justice Coalition
15327:
15308:Grossman, Joanna L. (May 2012).
15273:
15175:
15118:
14994:
14965:
14928:
14893:
14858:
14833:
14813:Entman, R.; Rojecki, A. (2000).
14806:
14769:
14745:
14704:
14686:
14648:
14629:
14610:
14586:
14568:
14502:
14477:
14460:
14409:
14390:
14326:
14245:
14165:
14143:
14137:
14063:
14022:
13917:
13894:
13834:
13814:
13788:
13727:
13708:
13678:
13613:
13578:
13490:
13460:
13432:Journal of Economic Perspectives
13419:
13323:
13264:Five myths about working mothers
13229:
13181:
13158:
13143:
13124:
13086:
13045:
13023:
12988:
12975:
12887:
12850:
12836:
12822:
12806:
12737:
12708:
12629:
12568:
12439:Oxford Review of Economic Policy
12427:
12382:
12320:
12255:
12093:"Grappling with language sexism"
12091:Nandi, Jacinta (March 5, 2011).
11781:. Linguarama.com. Archived from
11694:. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990,
10940:
10535:. Parisvoice.com. Archived from
10232:The English translation is from
10000:Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny
9069:
7201:
7090:Gender-specific pejorative terms
6926:
6458:Democratic Republic of the Congo
5792:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
4908:
4500:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
4329:Law for Protection of the Nation
4223:White genocide conspiracy theory
2885:
2765:
2251:Psychologists Mary Crawford and
1698:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1527:Law for Protection of the Nation
1421:White genocide conspiracy theory
83:
20956:MSM blood donation restrictions
20704:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
19245:
19188:Benedict, Helen (May 6, 2009).
18488:Doerner, Jill Kathleen (2009).
16442:American Psychiatric Publishing
16049:(published December 10, 2004).
15840:Byzantine emperor Nicephorus I"
15281:"Gender Equity Resource Center"
15159:. March 9, 2015. Archived from
14036:Journal of Advertising Research
13930:Philosophy & Public Affairs
13743:. June 22, 2007. Archived from
13666:. United Nations. March 8, 2006
13474:. March 5, 2016. Archived from
12948:Journal of Population Economics
12636:Sarah Kaplan (April 14, 2015).
12478:A third gender in the workplace
12168:
12139:
12130:
12111:
12084:
12057:
11963:
11916:
11826:
11771:
11705:
11684:
11639:
11618:
11583:
11519:
11451:
11429:
11398:
11375:
11352:
11330:
11286:
11246:
11200:
11152:
11119:
11093:
11066:
11044:
11016:
10985:
10961:
10934:
10902:
10860:
10834:
10805:
10773:
10748:
10716:
10691:
10683:. June 14, 2006. Archived from
10673:
10651:
10604:
10576:
10551:
10525:
10492:
10474:"Legacy '98: Detailed Timeline"
10414:
10388:
10353:
10324:
10303:
10294:
10282:
10275:Barstow, Anne Llewellyn (1994)
10269:
10257:
10226:
10140:
10083:
10016:
9795:Sociology: A Brief Introduction
9733:
9514:"Women: The Oppressed Majority"
9236:Collins Dictionary of Sociology
7816:
7738:
7217:
4334:MSM blood donation restrictions
4076:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
2360:principles that a woman should
1532:MSM blood donation restrictions
1274:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
20969:(as religious or racial quota)
19314:; Andreasen, Robin O. (2005).
17585:Medieval Clothing and Textiles
17084:Quarterly Journal of Economics
15446:"2015 U.S. Transgender Survey"
15105:Congressional Research Service
14842:The Rise of Enlightened Sexism
13261:Cahn, Naomi and June Carbone.
13121:. Denver Post, April 24, 2007.
11405:Kerstin Teske: teske@fczb.de.
10729:. Law.case.edu. Archived from
10698:Amnesty International (2009).
10508:Modern and Contemporary France
10149:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
9535:
9474:American Journal of Psychiatry
9319:. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
9109:New Oxford American Dictionary
8750:United Nations Population Fund
8203:Palestinian National Authority
7855:Congressional Research Service
7829:Gender identity discrimination
7664:
7349:influence the gender pay gap.
7323:Causes for wage discrimination
7149:Occupational sexism refers to
6890:Women's suffrage organizations
4347:(as religious or racial quota)
2861:
2732:and its newer incarnation the
2623:restitution of conjugal rights
2476:Restitution of conjugal rights
1545:(as religious or racial quota)
13:
1:
22176:Social construction of gender
21383:Second-generation gender bias
21099:Constitutional colorblindness
19800:Social determinants of health
19484:The dictionary definition of
19344:A companion to applied ethics
18782:"Reducing Maternal Mortality"
18277:. May 7, 2012. Archived from
17493:Oppressive fashions feminism.
17373:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.006
16869:University of Minnesota Press
16791:. ABC News. November 19, 2010
16765:. London. September 1, 2008.
16420:10.1525/sp.1992.39.1.03x0064l
15887:Goldstein, Joshua S. (2003).
14902:Psychology of Women Quarterly
14867:Psychology of Women Quarterly
14779:Psychology of Women Quarterly
14720:. Stanford University Press.
14171:MacKinnon, Catharine (1987).
13987:Psychology of Women Quarterly
13901:Goh-Mah, Joy (June 9, 2013).
13315:. WomensMedia. Archived from
13041:. Princeton University Press.
12785:Retrieved on August 19, 2011.
12501:American Journal of Sociology
12237:Commentary: Trans Progressive
11363:(in French). Mjp.univ-perp.fr
10090:Peter N. Stearns (Narrator).
9793:Schaefer, Richard T. (2009).
9511:Schaefer, Richard T. (2011).
9412:; Weaver, Charles A. (1999).
9132:A Companion to Applied Ethics
9087:
8604:Legal justice and regulations
7671:Feminist views on pornography
7122:Second-generation gender bias
4777:Second-generation gender bias
4485:Constitutional colorblindness
3148:Social determinants of health
2607:in court. While attempting a
2168:Franklin and Marshall College
2150:based on gender, also called
1975:Second-generation gender bias
1683:Constitutional colorblindness
346:Social determinants of health
24052:Sexuality-related prejudices
23876:Suffragists and suffragettes
22226:
22161:Sex as a biological variable
19464:Human Growth and Development
18001:(Ninth ed.). New York:
17205:University of Illinois Press
16436:Compton, Michael T. (2010).
16301:E. B. Knoer, Kelsey (2017).
15806:"When Men Experience Sexism"
15020:10.1080/09589236.2013.774269
14951:10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.08.003
12731:10.1016/j.labeco.2006.01.006
12548:Aloi, Dan (August 4, 2005).
10401:International Business Times
8811:Odem, Jody Clay-Warner, and
8257:Sex differences in education
8250:
6875:Suffragists and suffragettes
6805:American feminist literature
2559:Democratic Republic of Congo
2398:University of Sydney Library
2366:women of the Anglo-Saxon era
2202:Sexism may be defined as an
39:Anti-sexism (disambiguation)
7:
21294:Medical model of disability
21146:Hate speech laws by country
18189:Kirti Singh (August 2013).
17737:"Female genital mutilation"
17468:Manchester University Press
17360:Journal of Public Economics
17097:10.1162/qjec.2009.124.1.349
16137:"Women in the Armed Forces"
15949:Selmeski, Brian R. (2007).
15939:. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
15907:. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
15125:Kimmel, Michael S. (2004).
13927:(1995). "Objectification".
13428:"Gender Differences in Pay"
13152:Bridging the Gender Pay Gap
12873:10.1162/jeea.2005.3.2-3.598
10992:Human Rights Watch (2012).
10918:(in French). Archived from
10331:World Health Organization.
10250:September 27, 2007, at the
10113:David P. Silverman (2003).
9917:Crawford & Unger (2004)
9617:Sharyn Ann Lenhart (2004).
9111:. Oxford University Press.
8870:
8844:
8616:beating an Afghan woman in
8598:Female infanticide in India
8527:women and girls are missing
8040:
7955:
7800:Sexism in heavy metal music
7509:: treating the object as a
7289:graduation. A study by the
6115:Views on transgender topics
6105:Views on sexual orientation
4688:Medical model of disability
4532:Hate speech laws by country
2788:, discuss the issue on the
2240:, but did not use the term
2162:According to legal scholar
1886:Medical model of disability
1730:Hate speech laws by country
10:
24083:
22076:Androphilia and gynephilia
21403:Social model of disability
19855:Discrimination against men
19514:November 21, 2019, at the
19410:Cambridge University Press
18916:10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.795
18723:Journal of Labor Economics
18687:Journal of Labor Economics
18619:10.5840/radphilrev20003110
18573:. Ussc.gov. Archived from
18535:Pearson, Patricia (1998).
16190:National Coalition for Men
16001:Joenniemi, Pertti (2006).
15929:Cambridge University Press
15837:Gagova, Krasimira (2015).
15776:(published May 15, 2012).
15426:. End Trans Discrimination
15257:Counseling Across Cultures
15186:(Sixth ed.). Boston:
15002:Attenborough, Frederick T.
14840:Douglas, Susan J. (2010).
14638:"Ending a trade in misery"
14594:"Readings on Prostitution"
14342:Harvard University Press.
14335:Yale Law and Policy Review
13589:. Papers and Proceedings.
13554:. Papers and Proceedings.
12997:Social Indicators Research
12575:Wendy M. Williams (2015).
12368:10.1177/089124391005002003
12295:OECD, Paris, 2008, p. 3-4.
12234:Anti-transgender Language
10614:Social Indicators Research
10288:
10263:
10245:Summers' 1928 introduction
10195:Stanford Lehmberg (2013).
9755:Macionis, John J. (2010).
9589:Cambridge University Press
9064:
8898:Discrimination against men
8848:
8780:
8741:
8436:
8343:
8333:
8329:
8254:
8227:Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani
8211:Balochistan honor killings
8155:, which it describes as a
8120:
8044:
7974:
7964:
7921:
7918:Transgender discrimination
7793:
7675:Anti-pornography feminist
7668:
7466:refused to hear the case.
7423:
7420:Transgender discrimination
7367:
7221:
7115:
7093:
6998:
4797:Social model of disability
3203:Discrimination against men
2827:
2730:Gender Empowerment Measure
2621:, maintain the concept of
2465:
2375:
2302:
2179:, the first time the term
1995:Social model of disability
401:Discrimination against men
46:Genderism (disambiguation)
43:
36:
29:
23948:
23888:
23827:
23820:
23499:
23204:
22950:Female genital mutilation
22888:
22821:
22718:
22438:
22427:
22354:Majority-Muslim countries
22319:
22286:
22243:
22234:
22128:
22058:
22022:
21919:
21886:
21873:
21676:
21544:
21533:
21460:
21199:
21076:
20869:
20756:Opposition to immigration
20480:
20110:
19947:
19707:
19657:Race / Ethnicity
19594:
19563:
19357:10.1002/9780470996621.ch8
18860:Amnesty International USA
18606:Radical Philosophy Review
17999:Introduction to Geography
17413:Jeffreys, Sheila (2005).
17308:. Toronto. Archived from
17149:. Prb.org. Archived from
16815:Amnesty International USA
15190:. pp. 131, 139â142.
15007:Journal of Gender Studies
14471:January 23, 2013, at the
14416:Strossen, Nadine (1993).
14049:10.2501/s0021849908080094
13701:10.1108/02610150910937916
13226:. Report 1025, June 2010.
13079:December 1, 2010, at the
12961:10.1007/s00148-003-0160-3
12901:Southern Economic Journal
12819:Retrieved March 31, 2011.
12815:The Gender Wage Gap: 2009
11728:10.1007/s11199-008-9390-x
11649:Sociological Perspectives
11497:10.1017/S1743923X08000330
10894:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
10637:10.1007/s11205-011-9857-y
10426:Amnesty International USA
9693:Shapiro, Fred R. (1985).
9446:Matsumoto, David (2001).
9033:Sex differences in humans
8594:Female foeticide in India
8460:World Health Organization
8449:female genital mutilation
8439:Female genital mutilation
8433:Female genital mutilation
7961:Child and forced marriage
6906:Women's rights by country
5812:Female genital mutilation
4128:Opposition to immigration
2999:Race / Ethnicity
2197:Vital Speeches of the Day
2183:appeared in print was in
2176:Oxford English Dictionary
2158:Etymology and definitions
1326:Opposition to immigration
197:Race / Ethnicity
23923:Women's studies journals
23881:Women's rights activists
22430:Movements and ideologies
21624:Non-binary / genderqueer
20751:Occupational segregation
20520:Compulsory sterilization
19296:10.1177/0261927X12463008
19015:, Limited. p. 480.
18940:Journal of Social Issues
18886:. Amnesty International.
18599:Barron, Phillip (2000).
18391:National Geographic News
18361:10.1177/0004865812443681
18170:Jian, Ma (May 6, 2013).
17708:"Work Faster or Get Out"
17458:Hollows, Joanne (2000).
16948:10.1177/0891243211416809
16913:10.1177/0891243212451904
16859:Eagleton, Terry (1983).
16730:. London. Archived from
16195:United States Government
15863:Matanov, Hristo (2014).
15062:10.1177/0146167207310022
14914:10.1177/0361684311429110
14879:10.1177/0361684312454724
14792:10.1177/0361684310385217
14661:. Taylor & Francis.
14368:Wattenberg, Ben (1995).
14177:Harvard University Press
14076:Journal of Euromarketing
13636:10.1177/0891243205285371
13587:American Economic Review
13551:American Economic Review
12747:Eastern Economic Journal
12684:10.1177/0019793915625213
12262:Gordon, Suzanne (2006).
11592:Public Opinion Quarterly
10756:"The War Within the War"
10239:October 6, 2013, at the
10094:. The Teaching Company.
9292:, ed. (2007). "Sexism".
8928:Gender bias on Knowledge
8612:Member of the Taliban's
7071:("the men students") or
6911:Feminists by nationality
6885:Women's studies journals
6880:Women's rights activists
5598:Movements and ideologies
4123:Occupational segregation
3892:Compulsory sterilization
2739:
2226:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
2114:. It has been linked to
1321:Occupational segregation
1090:Compulsory sterilization
44:Not to be confused with
23466:International relations
22186:Transgender archaeology
21279:Internalized oppression
21141:Fighting Discrimination
21131:Fat acceptance movement
21089:Anti-discrimination law
20729:Native American mascots
19494:Sexism in the Workplace
19269:Inc., West Sussex, UK;
17845:. GSDRC. Archived from
17843:"Gender-based violence"
17057:"Making Room for Girls"
16745:(subscription required)
16477:Essentials of Sociology
15188:Pearson/Allyn and Bacon
13009:10.1023/A:1022661604653
12781:The situation in the EU
12604:10.1073/pnas.1418878112
11894:10.1023/A:1023599719948
11032:. BBC.com. May 21, 2013
10846:www.jurisitetunisie.com
10563:Womeninworldhistory.com
10279:San Francisco: Pandora.
10023:Eller, Cynthia (2000).
9560:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
9543:University of New Haven
9194:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
8893:Conscription and sexism
8513:, in countries such as
8231:Mohammad-Javad Larijani
8047:Conscription and sexism
7733:sadistic or masochistic
7593:Reduction to Appearance
7482:of women on a wine menu
7001:Gender-neutral language
6299:International relations
5160:Intersectional variants
4673:Internalized oppression
4527:Fighting Discrimination
4517:Fat acceptance movement
4475:Anti-discrimination law
4101:Native American mascots
2734:Gender Inequality Index
2508:observed the system of
2348:could not vote or hold
1871:Internalized oppression
1725:Fighting Discrimination
1715:Fat acceptance movement
1673:Anti-discrimination law
1299:Native American mascots
23896:Conservative feminisms
23194:Women in the workforce
23162:Violence against women
23137:Sexual objectification
23097:Opposition to feminism
22294:Bicycling and feminism
22181:Split attraction model
22166:Sexâgender distinction
21398:Social identity threat
21371:Reverse discrimination
21361:Racial color blindness
20841:Violence against women
20821:Sex-selective abortion
19466:(5 ed.). Belmont, Ca:
18334:June 23, 2014, at the
18271:"Codifying Repression"
17976:10.1080/00324720308069
17626:on September 27, 2013.
17285:10.1080/01425699995290
16613:"EthicsâHonour crimes"
16141:Norwegian Armed Forces
14223:Catharine A. MacKinnon
13138:Bloomberg Businessweek
12985:Accessed June 29, 2012
12221:March 4, 2016, at the
11804:Spender, Dale (1983).
10499:Allwood, Gill (1999).
10052:Craig Lockard (2014).
9958:Frye, Marilyn (1983).
9583:Macklem, Tony (2003).
9038:Sexism and video games
8863:
8859:Meeting of victims of
8804:
8731:
8721:One study found that:
8698:battered wife syndrome
8625:
8495:
8487:
8480:
8455:
8422:
8370:
8358:
8207:
8143:
8139:Acid attack victim in
8060:
8015:
8005:. UNICEF states that:
7990:
7822:Frederick Attenborough
7787:
7772:European Women's Lobby
7729:sex-positive feminists
7725:
7701:violence against women
7694:
7631:
7496:sexual objectification
7483:
7480:sexual objectification
7426:Transgender inequality
7301:
7237:
7180:
7138:
6825:Conservative feminisms
6080:Bicycling and feminism
6056:Women in the workforce
6024:Violence against women
5999:Sexual objectification
5959:Opposition to feminism
5216:Vegetarian ecofeminism
4792:Social identity threat
4765:Reverse discrimination
4755:Racial color blindness
4213:Violence against women
4193:Sex-selective abortion
2850:
2686:
2668:
2501:
2401:
2372:Witch hunts and trials
2354:women in ancient China
2341:women in ancient Egypt
2333:
2308:Pre-agricultural world
2193:Greenwich, Connecticut
1990:Social identity threat
1963:Reverse discrimination
1953:Racial color blindness
1411:Violence against women
1391:Sex-selective abortion
61:
23936:Women in peacekeeping
23476:Revisionist mythology
22913:Children's literature
22156:Queer heterosexuality
21366:Religious intolerance
21326:Political correctness
21156:Intersex human rights
21104:Cultural assimilation
20786:Religious persecution
20550:Disability hate crime
20325:Jewish / Antisemitism
19267:John Wiley & Sons
18397:on February 15, 2002.
18127:Amnesty International
17765:. European Parliament
17353:Boring, Anne (2017).
17072:Lleras-Muney, Adriana
17070:Jayachandran, Seema;
16836:Yale University Press
16664:. February 23, 2011.
15774:John Wiley & Sons
15157:Human Rights Campaign
14658:The Industrial Vagina
14606:on September 3, 2006.
14550:10.1375/acri.40.2.127
14162:(English translation)
13959:(February 15, 2009).
13564:10.1257/aer.101.3.635
13513:10.1353/sof.2001.0091
13174:July 6, 2011, at the
13133:Women and the pay gap
12250:San Diego LGBT Weekly
12244:July 3, 2013, at the
11526:Chen, Lanyan (2009).
11484:Politics & Gender
11382:Assemblée nationale.
11174:on September 24, 2015
11126:Equality Now (2007).
9487:10.1176/ajp.141.4.499
9395:Although we speak of
8943:Gender egalitarianism
8858:
8794:
8767:Amnesty International
8723:
8694:postpartum depression
8611:
8493:
8486:
8478:
8446:
8417:
8364:
8353:
8344:Further information:
8320:learning environments
8245:Amnesty International
8195:
8153:gender-based violence
8138:
8121:Further information:
8058:
8051:Women in the military
8045:Further information:
8031:marriage by abduction
8011:gender discrimination
8007:
7988:
7975:Further information:
7796:Misogyny in rap music
7782:
7720:
7689:
7629:
7477:
7310:competitive advantage
7299:
7231:
7174:suggests that about 8
7167:
7129:
6855:Feminist rhetoricians
6845:Feminist philosophers
6397:Revisionist mythology
6100:Views on prostitution
6085:Criticism of marriage
5775:Children's literature
4760:Religious intolerance
4720:Political correctness
4542:Intersex human rights
4490:Cultural assimilation
4158:Religious persecution
3922:Disability hate crime
3689:Jewish / Antisemitism
2841:
2700:Appenzell Innerrhoden
2678:
2671:Suffrage and politics
2659:
2491:
2480:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
2385:
2346:women in ancient Rome
2324:
2317:Ancient civilizations
2236:described systems of
2191:Executive Council in
2130:, and other forms of
1958:Religious intolerance
1918:Political correctness
1740:Intersex human rights
1688:Cultural assimilation
1356:Religious persecution
1120:Disability hate crime
887:Jewish / Antisemitism
56:
24062:Feminist terminology
23378:Pathways perspective
23223:Gender mainstreaming
23142:Substantive equality
23122:Reproductive justice
23072:Matriarchal religion
22925:Diversity (politics)
22136:Anti-gender movement
22111:Romantic orientation
20771:Political repression
19760:Anti-left handedness
19750:Anti-intellectualism
19395:Haberfeld, Yitchak.
19320:Blackwell Publishing
19092:Body-Gendrot, Sophie
19044:. pp. 317â333.
18666:on October 20, 2013.
17681:Davelaar, Geertjan.
17244:Taylor & Francis
17019:. November 10, 2021.
17013:"The World Factbook"
16972:Pollack, E. (2013).
16901:Gender & Society
16011:. pp. 142â149.
15700:. February 23, 2007.
15599:. September 9, 2013.
15542:on February 22, 2015
15487:on September 7, 2018
15353:on February 20, 2019
15128:The Gendered Society
13905:. Huffpost Lifestyle
13599:10.1257/aer.89.2.392
13336:The Economic Journal
13093:Watson, Ian (2010).
12797:U.S. Census Bureau.
12442:, 2005, 21, 416â438.
11785:on November 21, 2019
11759:on September 4, 2015
11753:"Sexism in Language"
11566:www.atlasobscura.com
11534:. pp. 186â207.
11532:University of Ottawa
11101:"Manupatra Articles"
10583:Benhold, K. (2010).
10320:. December 14, 2011.
9929:Hooks, Bell (2000).
9519:Sociology in Modules
9410:Loftus, Elizabeth F.
8650:common law countries
8620:on August 26, 2001.
8549:Forced sterilization
8164:United Arab Emirates
8081:(2012), philosopher
8059:New Zealand soldiers
7646:) have laws against
7364:Glass ceiling effect
6835:Feminist art critics
6810:Feminist comic books
6767:Lists and categories
6446:By continent/country
6277:Pathways perspective
6160:Gender mainstreaming
6095:Views on pornography
6004:Substantive equality
5984:Reproductive justice
5934:Matriarchal religion
5787:Diversity (politics)
5723:Political lesbianism
5033:Other women's rights
4143:Political repression
3108:Anti-left handedness
3098:Anti-intellectualism
2786:improve this section
2776:may not represent a
2684:Christabel Pankhurst
2152:substantive equality
2148:equality of outcomes
2140:workplace inequality
1341:Political repression
306:Anti-left handedness
296:Anti-intellectualism
23961:Feminism portal
23841:Ecofeminist authors
23691:Trinidad and Tobago
23631:Republic of Ireland
23491:Composition studies
23172:Women's empowerment
23127:Sex workers' rights
23052:Feminist capitalism
23032:Internalized sexism
22965:Feminism in culture
22843:Kurdish (Jineology)
21888:Sexual orientations
21619:Masculine of center
21274:Historical eugenics
20811:Segregation academy
20791:Religious terrorism
20580:Enemy of the people
20488:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
19992:Jehovah's Witnesses
19880:Perpetual foreigner
19217:"Why Soldiers Rape"
18823:. January 15, 2015.
18516:. February 28, 2011
18474:on October 5, 2013.
18159:. October 29, 2015.
17596:Baumgarten, Linda:
16337:"Why Soldiers Rape"
16307:Nebraska Law Review
15957:Syracuse University
14717:The Sexual Contract
14422:Virginia Law Review
14088:10.9768/0023.03.035
13472:European Commission
13445:10.1257/jep.14.4.75
13415:. KS-TC18-003-EN-N.
13269:The Washington Post
13155:. October 17, 2007.
12832:. December 4, 2018.
12776:European Commission
12643:The Washington Post
12595:2015PNAS..112.5360W
12457:The Anti-Mommy Bias
12252:, February 3, 2011.
12248:San Diego, Calif.:
11847:on December 7, 2013
11604:10.1093/poq/nfaa058
11417:on November 9, 2013
11359:Jean-Pierre Maury.
11073:Sen, Samta (1999).
10815:Middle East Journal
10736:on October 21, 2012
10661:. Countrystudies.us
10444:Blackstone, William
9830:Sociology: The Core
9406:Wortman, Camille B.
9013:Occupational sexism
8968:Internalized sexism
8953:Gender polarization
8833:In countries where
8801:gang-raped in Delhi
8760:) women who suffer
8754:reproductive health
8744:Reproductive rights
8738:Reproductive rights
8714:Some countries use
8464:European Parliament
8388:The Women's Journal
8274:information science
7861:Oppositional sexism
7677:Catharine MacKinnon
7608:unipolar depression
7402:Weight-based sexism
7195:World Values Survey
7159:wage discrimination
7118:Occupational sexism
7112:Occupational sexism
7019:postmodern feminism
7015:standpoint feminism
6933:Feminism portal
6840:Feminist economists
6830:Ecofeminist authors
6635:Trinidad and Tobago
6575:Republic of Ireland
6267:Composition studies
6034:Women's empowerment
5989:Sex workers' rights
5914:Feminist capitalism
5894:Internalized sexism
5827:Feminism in culture
4935:History of feminism
4668:Historical eugenics
4183:Segregation academy
4163:Religious terrorism
3952:Enemy of the people
3860:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
3348:Jehovah's Witnesses
3228:Perpetual foreigner
2515:Minor v. Happersett
2444:punishable by death
2422:Malleus Maleficarum
2406:early modern Europe
2393:Malleus Maleficarum
2218:social institutions
1866:Historical eugenics
1381:Segregation academy
1361:Religious terrorism
1150:Enemy of the people
1058:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
546:Jehovah's Witnesses
426:Perpetual foreigner
23336:Literary criticism
23213:Complementarianism
22935:Effects on society
22903:Complementarianism
22710:Women's liberation
22009:Same gender loving
21920:Alternative labels
21186:Social integration
21181:Self-determination
21171:Racial integration
21119:Diversity training
21109:Cultural pluralism
21084:Affirmative action
20984:Racial segregation
20894:Crime of apartheid
20796:Religious violence
20289:Indigenous people
19684:Sexual orientation
19509:Sexism in Language
19468:Wadsworth Learning
19457:Management Journal
19452:Transgender Rights
19379:Transgender Rights
19005:Brownmiller, Susan
18580:on August 23, 2013
18275:Human Rights Watch
18203:on March 13, 2014.
17964:Population Studies
17712:Human Rights Watch
17466:. Manchester, UK:
17305:The Globe and Mail
17171:Halpern, Diane F.
16978:The New York Times
16936:Gender and Society
16356:The New York Times
16047:Palgrave Macmillan
16009:Ashgate Publishing
15392:10.1111/socf.12193
15379:Sociological Forum
15314:verdict.justia.com
15223:. Emeryville, CA:
15182:Hurst, C. (2007).
14755:. Washington, DC:
13747:on August 26, 2019
13740:Williams Institute
13623:Gender and Society
13348:10.1111/ecoj.12303
13167:Behind the Pay Gap
12355:Gender and Society
12317:OECD, Paris, 2008.
12007:The New York Times
11463:The New York Times
11054:. Indiankanoon.org
11002:Human Rights Watch
10873:Al Huffington Post
10590:The New York Times
10454:on October 5, 2008
10062:. pp. 88â89.
9855:Witt, Jon (2017).
9043:Sexism in academia
9018:Pink-collar worker
8864:
8805:
8643:Human Rights Watch
8626:
8503:selective abortion
8499:Female infanticide
8496:
8488:
8481:
8456:
8371:
8359:
8324:right to education
8290:The World Factbook
8267:English literature
8261:Sexism in academia
8144:
8061:
8019:child sexual abuse
7999:Sub-Saharan Africa
7991:
7718:MacKinnon writes:
7705:sexually assaulted
7632:
7612:sexual dysfunction
7524:self-determination
7484:
7393:Potential remedies
7302:
7238:
7172:Employment Outlook
6977:Examples include:
6245:Literary criticism
6110:Views on sexuality
5797:Effects on society
5765:Complementarianism
5740:Women's liberation
5495:Religious variants
5469:trans-exclusionary
5187:Radical lesbianism
4572:Social integration
4567:Self-determination
4557:Racial integration
4505:Diversity training
4495:Cultural pluralism
4470:Affirmative action
4362:Racial segregation
4272:Crime of apartheid
4168:Religious violence
3653:Indigenous people
3024:Sexual orientation
2851:
2824:Gender stereotypes
2687:
2502:
2402:
2334:
1770:Social integration
1765:Self-determination
1755:Racial integration
1703:Diversity training
1693:Cultural pluralism
1668:Affirmative action
1560:Racial segregation
1470:Crime of apartheid
1366:Religious violence
851:Indigenous people
222:Sexual orientation
62:
24067:Sexual harassment
23990:
23989:
23944:
23943:
23353:Political ecology
23259:Ăcriture fĂ©minine
23157:Triple oppression
23147:Toxic masculinity
23132:Sexual harassment
22992:Feminist stripper
22970:Feminist movement
22884:
22883:
22822:Ethnic and racial
22423:
22422:
22194:
22193:
22141:Gender assignment
22124:
22123:
21869:
21868:
21609:Gender neutrality
21488:
21487:
21356:Racism by country
21284:Intersectionality
21269:Heteronormativity
21068:Voter suppression
20816:Sexual harassment
20615:Forced conversion
20535:Cultural genocide
20188:African Americans
20002:postâCold War era
19987:Eastern Orthodoxy
19745:Anti-drug addicts
19740:Anti-homelessness
19667:Scientific racism
19441:978-0-465-03292-1
19366:978-1-4051-3345-6
19329:978-1-4051-1661-9
19275:978-0-470-67446-8
19257:978-0-8204-5502-0
19107:978-1-136-18549-6
19051:978-0-471-51023-9
19022:978-0-14-013986-0
18990:978-0-8420-2599-7
18694:(S1): S201âS234.
18552:978-0-14-024388-8
18249:BBC World Service
18225:on March 26, 2015
18012:978-0-07-252183-2
17940:on April 20, 2012
17849:on April 14, 2015
17561:. January 8, 2009
17481:978-0-7190-4394-9
17429:978-0-203-69856-3
17399:978-92-3-100330-1
17257:978-0-7674-0616-1
17218:978-0-252-06110-3
16878:978-0-8166-1241-3
16845:978-0-300-03314-4
16734:on April 30, 2011
16548:on March 25, 2012
16490:978-0-495-09636-8
16481:Thomson/Wadsworth
16451:978-1-58562-347-1
16320:Schmid, Megan N.
16282:. August 21, 2023
16056:978-1-403-97936-0
16018:978-0-754-64410-1
15966:978-0-549-40315-9
15937:978-1-139-45873-3
15905:978-0-306-47770-6
15849:978-954-8624-45-9
15783:978-0-470-67451-2
15725:on March 23, 2013
15625:whqlibdoc.who.int
15569:BBC World Service
15266:978-1-4522-1752-9
15234:978-0-786-74791-7
15197:978-0-205-48436-2
15138:978-0-19-514975-3
14851:978-0-312-67392-5
14826:978-0-226-21075-9
14765:10.1037/11213-000
14727:978-0-8047-1477-8
14668:978-0-203-69830-3
14238:978-0-9621849-0-1
14175:. Cambridge, MA:
13970:978-0-19-955145-3
13724:, April 11, 2009.
13404:978-92-79-86877-1
13301:Paris: OECD 2002.
13188:Morrison, Megan.
13140:, April 27, 2007.
13032:"Women Don't Ask"
12589:(17): 5360â5365.
12554:Cornell Chronicle
12239:by Autumn Sandeen
12198:on July 16, 2014.
11819:978-0-7100-0675-2
11808:Man Made Language
11700:978-0-8039-3815-1
11634:978-0-631-22774-8
11541:978-0-7766-0709-2
11274:on March 13, 2017
11234:Missing or empty
11227:cite encyclopedia
11218:978-1-4129-7685-5
11140:on March 29, 2014
11086:978-0-521-45363-9
10687:on June 14, 2006.
10501:"Women in France"
10212:978-1-134-41528-1
10162:978-0-19-516185-4
10126:978-0-19-521952-4
10069:978-1-305-17707-9
10038:978-0-8070-6793-2
10009:978-0-19-060498-1
9973:978-0-89594-099-5
9944:978-0-89608-614-2
9919:, pp. 59â60.
9903:978-0-07-282107-9
9866:978-1-259-70272-3
9841:978-0-07-340425-7
9804:978-0-07-340426-4
9766:978-0-205-74989-8
9634:978-1-135-94131-4
9598:978-0-521-82682-2
9528:978-0-07-802677-5
9457:978-0-19-513181-9
9427:978-0-0707-1931-6
9390:978-0-1953-7522-0
9357:978-0-631-21681-0
9344:Johnson, Allan G.
9326:978-1-9331-1644-0
9303:978-0-3133-3646-1
9274:978-0-230-62509-9
9247:978-0-00-718399-9
9223:978-0-19-103747-4
9210:Hornsby, Jennifer
9170:978-1-4522-6602-2
9141:978-1-4051-7190-8
9118:978-0-19-989153-5
8948:Gender neutrality
8918:Feminist movement
8878:Ambivalent sexism
8817:acquaintance rape
8813:Susan Brownmiller
8673:crimes of passion
8574:Jammu and Kashmir
8447:Campaign against
8223:Israr Ullah Zehri
8148:domestic violence
8117:Domestic violence
7883:heteronormativity
7810:media consumption
7756:rates of violence
7587:Reduction to Body
7576:Rae Helen Langton
7488:social philosophy
7458:Human Rights Code
7306:supply and demand
7038:Romanic languages
6967:
6966:
6918:
6917:
6437:
6436:
6427:womanist theology
6370:Political ecology
6201:Ăcriture fĂ©minine
6128:
6127:
6019:Triple oppression
6009:Toxic masculinity
5994:Sexual harassment
5854:Feminist stripper
5832:Feminist movement
5388:
5387:
5319:Africana womanism
5150:
5149:
4887:
4886:
4750:Racism by country
4678:Intersectionality
4663:Heteronormativity
4446:Voter suppression
4188:Sexual harassment
3987:Forced conversion
3907:Cultural genocide
3552:African Americans
3358:postâCold War era
3343:Eastern Orthodoxy
3093:Anti-drug addicts
3088:Anti-homelessness
3009:Scientific racism
2818:
2817:
2810:
2627:contempt of court
2412:were a threat to
2396:, 1520, from the
2293:patriarchal order
2262:ambivalent sexism
2238:gender inequality
2234:Harriet Martineau
2173:According to the
2124:sexual harassment
2085:
2084:
1948:Racism by country
1876:Intersectionality
1861:Heteronormativity
1644:Voter suppression
1386:Sexual harassment
1185:Forced conversion
1105:Cultural genocide
750:African Americans
556:postâCold War era
541:Eastern Orthodoxy
291:Anti-drug addicts
286:Anti-homelessness
207:Scientific racism
16:(Redirected from
24074:
24019:
24018:
24017:
24007:
24006:
23998:
23980:
23979:
23970:
23969:
23959:
23958:
23957:
23825:
23824:
23808:History of women
23284:Political theory
23184:
23177:Women-only space
23062:Likeability trap
23027:Invisible labour
22945:Female education
22436:
22435:
22431:
22391:African-American
22321:Women's suffrage
22312:
22299:Feminist history
22241:
22240:
22221:
22214:
22207:
22198:
22197:
21984:Non-heterosexual
21884:
21883:
21542:
21541:
21515:
21508:
21501:
21492:
21491:
21478:
21477:
21468:
21467:
21408:Social privilege
21393:Social exclusion
21321:Police brutality
21242:Multiculturalism
21212:Amatonormativity
21043:Social exclusion
20879:Age of candidacy
20679:Homeless dumping
20585:Ethnic cleansing
19550:
19543:
19536:
19527:
19526:
19483:
19375:"Discrimination
19370:
19333:
19307:
19261:Benatar, David.
19239:
19238:
19236:
19234:
19213:
19207:
19206:
19204:
19202:
19185:
19179:
19178:
19176:
19174:
19163:
19157:
19156:
19155:. June 21, 2007.
19145:
19139:
19138:
19132:
19128:
19126:
19118:
19116:
19114:
19088:
19082:
19081:
19079:
19077:
19062:
19056:
19055:
19033:
19027:
19026:
19001:
18995:
18994:
18970:
18957:
18956:
18934:
18928:
18927:
18894:
18888:
18887:
18885:
18877:
18871:
18870:
18868:
18866:
18852:
18846:
18845:
18843:
18841:
18831:
18825:
18824:
18817:
18811:
18810:
18808:
18806:
18795:
18789:
18788:
18786:
18777:
18771:
18770:
18768:
18766:
18756:
18747:
18746:
18718:
18712:
18711:
18683:
18674:
18668:
18667:
18652:
18646:
18645:
18643:
18641:
18629:
18623:
18622:
18596:
18590:
18589:
18587:
18585:
18579:
18572:
18563:
18557:
18556:
18532:
18526:
18525:
18523:
18521:
18506:
18500:
18499:
18485:
18476:
18475:
18464:
18449:
18448:
18446:
18444:
18429:
18420:
18419:
18413:
18405:
18399:
18398:
18393:. Archived from
18382:
18373:
18372:
18344:
18338:
18327:
18321:
18320:
18318:
18316:
18311:on April 2, 2015
18297:
18291:
18290:
18288:
18286:
18281:on April 2, 2015
18267:
18261:
18260:
18258:
18256:
18241:
18235:
18234:
18232:
18230:
18221:. Archived from
18211:
18205:
18204:
18202:
18195:
18186:
18180:
18179:
18167:
18161:
18160:
18149:
18143:
18142:
18140:
18138:
18129:. Archived from
18119:
18113:
18112:
18099:
18093:
18092:
18090:
18088:
18074:
18068:
18067:
18065:
18063:
18058:. April 12, 2012
18048:
18042:
18041:
18039:
18037:
18023:
18017:
18016:
17994:
17988:
17987:
17959:
17950:
17949:
17947:
17945:
17936:. Archived from
17930:
17924:
17917:
17911:
17910:
17908:
17906:
17896:
17890:
17889:
17887:
17885:
17865:
17859:
17858:
17856:
17854:
17839:
17833:
17832:
17817:
17808:
17807:
17805:
17803:
17794:. Archived from
17784:
17775:
17774:
17772:
17770:
17759:
17753:
17752:
17750:
17748:
17733:
17724:
17723:
17721:
17719:
17714:. March 11, 2015
17704:
17698:
17697:
17695:
17693:
17687:cleanclothes.org
17678:
17672:
17671:
17669:
17667:
17662:. March 15, 2002
17652:
17646:
17645:
17644:. July 15, 2007.
17634:
17628:
17627:
17625:
17618:
17610:
17601:
17594:
17588:
17582:
17577:
17571:
17570:
17568:
17566:
17551:
17545:
17544:
17542:
17540:
17523:
17517:
17516:
17502:
17496:
17495:
17490:
17488:
17465:
17455:
17449:
17448:
17446:
17444:
17438:
17421:
17410:
17404:
17403:
17383:
17377:
17376:
17350:
17344:
17343:
17341:
17339:
17328:
17322:
17321:
17319:
17317:
17295:
17289:
17288:
17268:
17262:
17261:
17229:
17223:
17222:
17190:
17184:
17169:
17163:
17162:
17160:
17158:
17143:
17137:
17136:
17134:
17132:
17123:
17115:
17109:
17108:
17080:
17067:
17061:
17060:
17053:
17047:
17046:
17044:
17042:
17027:
17021:
17020:
17009:
17003:
17002:
16995:
16989:
16988:
16986:
16984:
16969:
16960:
16959:
16931:
16925:
16924:
16898:
16889:
16883:
16882:
16866:
16856:
16850:
16849:
16825:
16819:
16818:
16807:
16801:
16800:
16798:
16796:
16785:
16779:
16778:
16776:
16774:
16760:
16753:
16747:
16746:
16743:
16741:
16739:
16717:
16711:
16705:
16699:
16698:
16696:
16694:
16684:
16676:
16670:
16669:
16654:
16648:
16647:
16631:
16625:
16624:
16609:
16603:
16602:
16590:
16584:
16583:
16581:
16579:
16574:on April 2, 2015
16564:
16558:
16557:
16555:
16553:
16534:
16528:
16527:
16525:
16523:
16518:on April 4, 2015
16508:
16502:
16501:
16498:
16479:(7th ed.).
16472:
16463:
16462:
16459:
16433:
16424:
16423:
16401:
16395:
16394:
16381:
16375:
16374:
16372:
16370:
16347:
16341:
16340:
16332:
16326:
16325:
16317:
16311:
16310:
16298:
16292:
16291:
16289:
16287:
16272:
16266:
16265:
16263:
16261:
16246:
16240:
16239:
16237:
16235:
16220:
16214:
16213:
16211:
16209:
16203:
16186:
16177:
16171:
16170:
16163:
16157:
16156:
16154:
16152:
16133:
16127:
16126:
16124:
16122:
16113:. Oslo, Norway.
16100:
16091:
16090:
16088:
16086:
16077:. May 30, 2006.
16067:
16061:
16060:
16036:
16030:
16029:
16027:
16025:
15998:
15992:
15991:
15985:
15977:
15975:
15973:
15946:
15940:
15914:
15908:
15885:
15879:
15878:
15867:. IK Gutenberg.
15860:
15854:
15853:
15834:
15828:
15827:
15825:
15823:
15801:
15795:
15794:
15792:
15790:
15760:
15749:
15748:
15742:
15734:
15732:
15730:
15724:
15718:. Archived from
15717:
15708:
15702:
15701:
15690:
15684:
15683:
15681:
15679:
15664:
15658:
15657:
15655:
15653:
15648:. March 15, 2012
15642:
15636:
15635:
15633:
15631:
15622:
15614:
15601:
15600:
15587:
15581:
15580:
15578:
15576:
15561:
15552:
15551:
15549:
15547:
15538:. Archived from
15532:
15526:
15525:
15523:
15521:
15506:
15497:
15496:
15494:
15492:
15477:"Child marriage"
15473:
15464:
15463:
15461:
15459:
15450:
15442:
15436:
15435:
15433:
15431:
15420:
15414:
15413:
15403:
15369:
15363:
15362:
15360:
15358:
15352:
15346:. Archived from
15339:
15331:
15325:
15324:
15322:
15320:
15305:
15296:
15295:
15293:
15291:
15277:
15271:
15270:
15252:
15239:
15238:
15213:
15202:
15201:
15179:
15173:
15172:
15170:
15168:
15149:
15143:
15142:
15122:
15116:
15115:
15113:
15111:
15102:
15093:
15082:
15081:
15043:
15032:
15031:
14998:
14992:
14991:
14988:10.1037/h0087148
14969:
14963:
14962:
14932:
14926:
14925:
14897:
14891:
14890:
14862:
14856:
14855:
14837:
14831:
14830:
14810:
14804:
14803:
14773:
14767:
14749:
14743:
14742:
14736:
14734:
14708:
14702:
14701:
14690:
14684:
14683:
14677:
14675:
14652:
14646:
14645:
14633:
14627:
14626:
14614:
14608:
14607:
14605:
14599:. Archived from
14598:
14590:
14584:
14583:
14572:
14566:
14565:
14531:
14522:
14521:
14519:
14517:
14506:
14500:
14499:
14497:
14495:
14481:
14475:
14464:
14458:
14457:
14413:
14407:
14406:
14394:
14388:
14387:
14385:
14383:
14365:
14359:
14330:
14324:
14311:
14305:
14304:
14302:
14300:
14282:
14276:
14249:
14243:
14242:
14215:
14209:
14208:
14206:
14204:
14186:
14180:
14169:
14163:
14161:
14159:
14157:
14151:
14141:
14135:
14134:
14132:
14130:
14115:
14106:
14105:
14099:
14091:
14067:
14061:
14060:
14026:
14020:
14019:
13981:
13975:
13974:
13953:
13947:
13946:
13925:Nussbaum, Martha
13921:
13915:
13914:
13912:
13910:
13898:
13892:
13891:
13889:
13887:
13869:
13860:
13859:
13857:
13855:
13838:
13832:
13831:
13830:. June 18, 2020.
13818:
13812:
13811:
13809:
13807:
13792:
13786:
13785:
13783:
13781:
13763:
13757:
13756:
13754:
13752:
13731:
13725:
13712:
13706:
13704:
13682:
13676:
13675:
13673:
13671:
13665:
13657:
13648:
13647:
13617:
13611:
13610:
13582:
13576:
13575:
13547:
13538:
13525:
13524:
13494:
13488:
13487:
13485:
13483:
13478:on March 5, 2016
13464:
13458:
13457:
13447:
13423:
13417:
13416:
13388:
13377:
13368:
13367:
13342:(590): 109â134.
13327:
13321:
13320:
13319:on May 23, 2013.
13308:
13302:
13293:
13287:
13278:
13272:
13259:
13253:
13252:
13250:
13248:
13233:
13227:
13218:
13212:
13211:
13209:
13207:
13201:
13195:. Archived from
13194:
13185:
13179:
13162:
13156:
13147:
13141:
13128:
13122:
13113:
13107:
13106:
13090:
13084:
13067:
13061:
13049:
13043:
13042:
13036:
13027:
13021:
13020:
13003:(1â3): 367â385.
12992:
12986:
12979:
12973:
12972:
12944:
12935:
12926:
12925:
12891:
12885:
12884:
12867:(2â3): 598â607.
12854:
12848:
12847:
12840:
12834:
12833:
12826:
12820:
12810:
12804:
12795:
12786:
12773:
12764:
12763:
12741:
12735:
12734:
12718:Labour Economics
12712:
12706:
12705:
12695:
12661:
12655:
12654:
12652:
12650:
12633:
12627:
12626:
12616:
12606:
12572:
12566:
12565:
12563:
12561:
12545:
12536:
12535:
12517:
12508:(5): 1297â1338.
12495:
12486:
12483:The Boston Globe
12470:
12461:
12452:
12443:
12431:
12425:
12424:
12386:
12380:
12379:
12349:
12340:
12339:
12337:
12335:
12324:
12318:
12305:
12296:
12283:
12268:
12267:
12259:
12253:
12232:
12226:
12206:
12200:
12199:
12197:
12191:. Archived from
12182:
12172:
12166:
12165:
12143:
12137:
12134:
12128:
12127:
12115:
12109:
12108:
12106:
12104:
12099:on March 7, 2011
12088:
12082:
12081:
12066:Feminist Teacher
12061:
12055:
12054:
12052:
12050:
12045:. March 23, 2011
12035:
12026:
12025:
12023:
12021:
11998:
11989:
11988:
11986:
11984:
11975:
11967:
11961:
11960:
11954:
11946:
11944:
11942:
11937:on March 9, 2005
11936:
11930:. Archived from
11929:
11920:
11914:
11913:
11877:
11871:
11870:
11864:
11856:
11854:
11852:
11846:
11840:. Archived from
11839:
11830:
11824:
11823:
11811:
11801:
11795:
11794:
11792:
11790:
11775:
11769:
11768:
11766:
11764:
11749:
11740:
11739:
11722:(9â10): 702â12.
11709:
11703:
11688:
11682:
11681:
11643:
11637:
11622:
11616:
11615:
11587:
11581:
11580:
11578:
11576:
11557:
11546:
11545:
11523:
11517:
11516:
11478:
11467:
11466:
11455:
11449:
11448:
11446:
11444:
11439:. March 31, 2011
11433:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11422:
11413:. Archived from
11402:
11396:
11395:
11393:
11391:
11379:
11373:
11372:
11370:
11368:
11356:
11350:
11349:
11347:
11345:
11334:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11323:
11312:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11301:
11290:
11284:
11283:
11281:
11279:
11273:
11267:. Archived from
11262:
11250:
11244:
11243:
11237:
11232:
11230:
11222:
11204:
11198:
11197:
11191:
11183:
11181:
11179:
11173:
11167:. Archived from
11166:
11156:
11150:
11149:
11147:
11145:
11139:
11133:. Archived from
11132:
11123:
11117:
11116:
11114:
11112:
11107:on April 2, 2015
11097:
11091:
11090:
11070:
11064:
11063:
11061:
11059:
11048:
11042:
11041:
11039:
11037:
11020:
11014:
11013:
11011:
11009:
10998:
10989:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10978:
10973:
10965:
10959:
10958:
10956:
10954:
10938:
10932:
10931:
10929:
10927:
10906:
10900:
10899:
10893:
10885:
10883:
10881:
10864:
10858:
10857:
10855:
10853:
10838:
10832:
10831:
10809:
10803:
10802:
10800:
10798:
10793:on June 10, 2015
10792:
10785:
10777:
10771:
10770:
10768:
10766:
10752:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10735:
10728:
10720:
10714:
10713:
10711:
10709:
10704:
10695:
10689:
10688:
10677:
10671:
10670:
10668:
10666:
10655:
10649:
10648:
10630:
10608:
10602:
10601:
10599:
10597:
10580:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10569:
10555:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10544:
10539:on July 28, 2013
10529:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10505:
10496:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10485:
10470:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10459:
10450:. Archived from
10440:
10434:
10433:
10432:on May 29, 2011.
10428:. Archived from
10418:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10407:
10392:
10386:
10385:
10383:
10381:
10365:
10357:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10346:
10337:
10328:
10322:
10321:
10307:
10301:
10298:
10292:
10286:
10280:
10273:
10267:
10261:
10255:
10230:
10224:
10223:
10221:
10219:
10192:
10186:
10185:
10173:
10167:
10166:
10144:
10138:
10137:
10135:
10133:
10110:
10104:
10103:
10087:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10076:
10060:Cengage Learning
10049:
10043:
10042:
10020:
10014:
10013:
9992:
9986:
9985:
9965:
9955:
9949:
9948:
9936:
9926:
9920:
9914:
9908:
9907:
9895:
9885:
9879:
9878:
9852:
9846:
9845:
9833:
9823:
9817:
9816:
9790:
9779:
9778:
9752:
9746:
9745:
9737:
9731:
9730:
9690:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9679:
9667:
9661:
9656:
9650:
9649:
9643:
9641:
9614:
9603:
9602:
9580:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9566:
9551:
9545:
9539:
9533:
9532:
9516:
9508:
9499:
9498:
9468:
9462:
9461:
9443:
9437:
9434:
9419:
9401:
9372:
9368:
9364:
9339:
9337:
9333:
9311:
9285:
9282:
9251:
9239:
9227:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9184:
9181:
9155:
9152:
9148:
9122:
9101:
9073:
8988:Men and feminism
8923:Gender apartheid
8728:
8683:
8614:religious police
8565:one child policy
8413:religious police
8380:anorexia nervosa
8023:social isolation
7790:Media portrayals
7748:sexual relations
7616:eating disorders
7273:Linda C. Babcock
7249:EU member states
7177:
7145:
7077:die Studierenden
7073:die Studentinnen
7011:radical feminism
7007:liberal feminism
6959:
6952:
6945:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6870:Feminist parties
6865:Muslim feminists
6860:Jewish feminists
6771:
6770:
6752:History of women
6375:Political theory
6143:
6142:
6073:
6072:
6046:
6039:Women-only space
5924:Likeability trap
5889:Invisible labour
5807:Female education
5616:Anti-pornography
5471:
5470:
5466:
5182:Lesbian of color
5165:
5164:
5042:Women's suffrage
5018:Muslim countries
5013:Women's suffrage
4930:Feminist history
4923:
4922:
4912:
4889:
4888:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4802:Social privilege
4787:Social exclusion
4715:Police brutality
4636:Multiculturalism
4606:Amatonormativity
4421:Social exclusion
4257:Age of candidacy
4051:Homeless dumping
3957:Ethnic cleansing
2889:
2866:
2865:
2813:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2793:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2757:Trends over time
2702:became the last
2691:Women's suffrage
2665:
2578:coercive control
2522:, existed under
2498:Bangalore, India
2356:were taught the
2350:political office
2284:, and misogyny.
2268:Feminist author
2259:coined the term
2189:Episcopal Church
2077:
2070:
2063:
2000:Social privilege
1985:Social exclusion
1913:Police brutality
1834:Multiculturalism
1804:Amatonormativity
1619:Social exclusion
1455:Age of candidacy
1249:Homeless dumping
1155:Ethnic cleansing
87:
64:
63:
21:
24082:
24081:
24077:
24076:
24075:
24073:
24072:
24071:
24057:Gender equality
24027:
24026:
24025:
24015:
24013:
24001:
23993:
23991:
23986:
23977:
23955:
23953:
23940:
23884:
23816:
23815:
23814:
23723:Northern Cyprus
23495:
23486:Science fiction
23279:Oedipus complex
23239:Women's studies
23200:
23199:
23198:
23182:
23092:Oedipus complex
23082:Men in feminism
23047:Language reform
23022:Ideal womanhood
23002:Gender equality
22997:Formal equality
22960:Feminationalism
22898:Cognitive labor
22880:
22848:Native American
22817:
22816:
22815:
22714:
22624:Post-structural
22429:
22419:
22315:
22308:
22304:Women's history
22282:
22230:
22225:
22195:
22190:
22120:
22071:Analloeroticism
22054:
22050:Heterosociality
22018:
21915:
21878:
21876:
21865:
21680:
21672:
21614:Gender variance
21604:Gender fluidity
21536:
21529:
21519:
21489:
21484:
21456:
21331:Polyculturalism
21227:Civil liberties
21195:
21176:Reappropriation
21077:Countermeasures
21072:
21001:Racial steering
20967:Numerus clausus
20871:
20865:
20590:Ethnic conflict
20525:Corrective rape
20476:
20106:
20061:minority Muslim
19943:
19835:HIV/AIDS stigma
19703:
19652:Mental disorder
19590:
19559:
19554:
19521:Sexist Language
19516:Wayback Machine
19476:
19367:
19330:
19248:
19243:
19242:
19232:
19230:
19229:on May 18, 2019
19215:
19214:
19210:
19200:
19198:
19186:
19182:
19172:
19170:
19164:
19160:
19147:
19146:
19142:
19130:
19129:
19120:
19119:
19112:
19110:
19108:
19089:
19085:
19075:
19073:
19072:. June 14, 2011
19064:
19063:
19059:
19052:
19034:
19030:
19023:
19002:
18998:
18991:
18971:
18960:
18935:
18931:
18895:
18891:
18883:
18879:
18878:
18874:
18864:
18862:
18854:
18853:
18849:
18839:
18837:
18833:
18832:
18828:
18819:
18818:
18814:
18804:
18802:
18796:
18792:
18784:
18778:
18774:
18764:
18762:
18758:
18757:
18750:
18719:
18715:
18681:
18675:
18671:
18654:
18653:
18649:
18639:
18637:
18636:. July 25, 2013
18632:
18630:
18626:
18597:
18593:
18583:
18581:
18577:
18570:
18566:
18564:
18560:
18553:
18533:
18529:
18519:
18517:
18508:
18507:
18503:
18486:
18479:
18466:
18465:
18452:
18442:
18440:
18438:Huffington Post
18430:
18423:
18411:
18407:
18406:
18402:
18383:
18376:
18345:
18341:
18336:Wayback Machine
18328:
18324:
18314:
18312:
18299:
18298:
18294:
18284:
18282:
18269:
18268:
18264:
18254:
18252:
18243:
18242:
18238:
18228:
18226:
18213:
18212:
18208:
18200:
18193:
18187:
18183:
18168:
18164:
18151:
18150:
18146:
18136:
18134:
18133:on May 29, 2013
18121:
18120:
18116:
18101:
18100:
18096:
18086:
18084:
18076:
18075:
18071:
18061:
18059:
18050:
18049:
18045:
18035:
18033:
18025:
18024:
18020:
18013:
18005:. p. 200.
17995:
17991:
17960:
17953:
17943:
17941:
17932:
17931:
17927:
17918:
17914:
17904:
17902:
17898:
17897:
17893:
17883:
17881:
17866:
17862:
17852:
17850:
17841:
17840:
17836:
17819:
17818:
17811:
17801:
17799:
17786:
17785:
17778:
17768:
17766:
17761:
17760:
17756:
17746:
17744:
17735:
17734:
17727:
17717:
17715:
17706:
17705:
17701:
17691:
17689:
17679:
17675:
17665:
17663:
17654:
17653:
17649:
17636:
17635:
17631:
17623:
17616:
17612:
17611:
17604:
17595:
17591:
17580:
17578:
17574:
17564:
17562:
17553:
17552:
17548:
17538:
17536:
17524:
17520:
17512:The Independent
17503:
17499:
17486:
17484:
17482:
17456:
17452:
17442:
17440:
17436:
17430:
17419:
17411:
17407:
17400:
17386:UNESCO (2019).
17384:
17380:
17351:
17347:
17337:
17335:
17329:
17325:
17315:
17313:
17312:on May 13, 2013
17296:
17292:
17269:
17265:
17258:
17230:
17226:
17219:
17191:
17187:
17170:
17166:
17156:
17154:
17153:on May 27, 2013
17145:
17144:
17140:
17130:
17128:
17121:
17117:
17116:
17112:
17078:
17068:
17064:
17055:
17054:
17050:
17040:
17038:
17028:
17024:
17011:
17010:
17006:
16997:
16996:
16992:
16982:
16980:
16970:
16963:
16942:(5): 589â615 .
16932:
16928:
16896:
16890:
16886:
16879:
16867:. Minneapolis:
16863:Literary Theory
16857:
16853:
16846:
16826:
16822:
16809:
16808:
16804:
16794:
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16787:
16786:
16782:
16772:
16770:
16755:
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16735:
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16714:
16706:
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16692:
16690:
16682:
16678:
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16673:
16656:
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16651:
16632:
16628:
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16606:
16591:
16587:
16577:
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16566:
16565:
16561:
16551:
16549:
16536:
16535:
16531:
16521:
16519:
16510:
16509:
16505:
16496:
16491:
16473:
16466:
16457:
16452:
16444:. p. 245.
16434:
16427:
16407:Social Problems
16402:
16398:
16383:
16382:
16378:
16368:
16366:
16348:
16344:
16333:
16329:
16318:
16314:
16299:
16295:
16285:
16283:
16274:
16273:
16269:
16259:
16257:
16249:Elsesser, Kim.
16247:
16243:
16233:
16231:
16221:
16217:
16207:
16205:
16201:
16184:
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16174:
16165:
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16120:
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16094:
16084:
16082:
16069:
16068:
16064:
16057:
16037:
16033:
16023:
16021:
16019:
15999:
15995:
15979:
15978:
15971:
15969:
15967:
15959:. p. 149.
15947:
15943:
15915:
15911:
15886:
15882:
15875:
15861:
15857:
15850:
15835:
15831:
15821:
15819:
15802:
15798:
15788:
15786:
15784:
15766:(May 7, 2012).
15761:
15752:
15736:
15735:
15728:
15726:
15722:
15715:
15713:"Archived copy"
15711:
15709:
15705:
15692:
15691:
15687:
15677:
15675:
15674:. June 18, 1999
15666:
15665:
15661:
15651:
15649:
15644:
15643:
15639:
15629:
15627:
15620:
15616:
15615:
15604:
15589:
15588:
15584:
15574:
15572:
15563:
15562:
15555:
15545:
15543:
15534:
15533:
15529:
15519:
15517:
15516:. June 14, 2013
15508:
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15299:
15289:
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15274:
15267:
15253:
15242:
15235:
15214:
15205:
15198:
15180:
15176:
15166:
15164:
15163:on May 20, 2014
15151:
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15119:
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15100:
15094:
15085:
15044:
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14838:
14834:
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14807:
14774:
14770:
14750:
14746:
14732:
14730:
14728:
14712:Pateman, Carole
14709:
14705:
14692:
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14673:
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14634:
14630:
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14574:
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14569:
14532:
14525:
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14513:
14508:
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14503:
14493:
14491:
14489:Merriam-Webster
14483:
14482:
14478:
14473:Wayback Machine
14465:
14461:
14434:10.2307/1073402
14414:
14410:
14395:
14391:
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14379:
14366:
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14331:
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14312:
14308:
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14296:
14283:
14279:
14250:
14246:
14239:
14225:(August 1988).
14216:
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14170:
14166:
14155:
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13908:
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13899:
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13883:
13870:
13863:
13853:
13851:
13839:
13835:
13820:
13819:
13815:
13805:
13803:
13802:. June 15, 2020
13794:
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13405:
13386:
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13371:
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13305:
13294:
13290:
13280:Young, Lauren.
13279:
13275:
13271:, May 30, 2010.
13260:
13256:
13246:
13244:
13243:on July 5, 2013
13235:
13234:
13230:
13219:
13215:
13205:
13203:
13202:on June 3, 2013
13199:
13192:
13186:
13182:
13176:Wayback Machine
13163:
13159:
13148:
13144:
13129:
13125:
13115:Carman, Diane.
13114:
13110:
13091:
13087:
13081:Wayback Machine
13068:
13064:
13050:
13046:
13034:
13028:
13024:
12993:
12989:
12980:
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12942:
12936:
12929:
12914:10.2307/4135276
12892:
12888:
12855:
12851:
12846:. October 2020.
12842:
12841:
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12693:1854/LU-5960457
12662:
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12630:
12573:
12569:
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12557:
12546:
12539:
12515:10.1.1.709.8363
12496:
12489:
12485:, May 11, 2007.
12471:
12464:
12454:Folbre, Nancy.
12453:
12446:
12432:
12428:
12392:Social Problems
12387:
12383:
12350:
12343:
12333:
12331:
12325:
12321:
12306:
12299:
12284:
12271:
12260:
12256:
12246:Wayback Machine
12233:
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12223:Wayback Machine
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12124:Sueddeutsche.de
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11999:
11992:
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11980:
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11948:
11947:
11940:
11938:
11934:
11927:
11925:"Archived copy"
11923:
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11878:
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11848:
11844:
11837:
11835:"Archived copy"
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11706:
11689:
11685:
11662:10.2307/1389491
11644:
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11623:
11619:
11588:
11584:
11574:
11572:
11558:
11549:
11542:
11524:
11520:
11479:
11470:
11465:. July 2, 1984.
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11224:
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11185:
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11175:
11171:
11164:
11162:"Archived copy"
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10679:
10678:
10674:
10664:
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10657:
10656:
10652:
10628:10.1.1.621.3965
10609:
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10595:
10593:
10581:
10577:
10567:
10565:
10557:
10556:
10552:
10542:
10540:
10531:
10530:
10526:
10518:
10503:
10497:
10493:
10483:
10481:
10480:on July 2, 2010
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10441:
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10309:
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10283:
10274:
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10252:Wayback Machine
10241:Wayback Machine
10231:
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9911:
9904:
9886:
9882:
9867:
9853:
9849:
9842:
9824:
9820:
9805:
9791:
9782:
9767:
9753:
9749:
9739:
9738:
9734:
9699:American Speech
9691:
9687:
9677:
9675:
9668:
9664:
9657:
9653:
9639:
9637:
9635:
9615:
9606:
9599:
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9574:
9564:
9562:
9552:
9548:
9540:
9536:
9529:
9509:
9502:
9469:
9465:
9458:
9444:
9440:
9428:
9391:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9335:
9331:
9327:
9304:
9290:Sears, James T.
9280:
9275:
9248:
9224:
9205:
9198:
9196:
9179:
9171:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9119:
9102:
9095:
9090:
9067:
9062:
9058:Sex segregation
9048:Sexism in India
8938:Gendered racism
8873:
8853:
8847:
8789:
8781:Main articles:
8779:
8746:
8740:
8726:
8681:
8606:
8553:forced abortion
8543:Western Balkans
8473:
8441:
8435:
8425:low wages, and
8348:
8342:
8332:
8263:
8255:Main articles:
8253:
8133:
8119:
8053:
8043:
7983:
7973:
7971:Forced marriage
7965:Main articles:
7963:
7958:
7930:
7920:
7898:gender theorist
7863:
7835:gender identity
7831:
7819:
7802:
7792:
7741:
7673:
7667:
7624:
7507:Instrumentality
7500:Martha Nussbaum
7492:objectification
7472:
7470:Objectification
7428:
7422:
7404:
7395:
7372:
7366:
7325:
7277:Women Don't Ask
7226:
7220:
7204:
7175:
7161:. In 2008, the
7147:
7140:
7128:
7124:
7116:Main articles:
7114:
7098:
7092:
7058:François Fillon
7035:
7003:
6997:
6963:
6927:
6925:
6920:
6919:
6821:
6768:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6667:Northern Cyprus
6447:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6255:Science fiction
6206:
6185:Women's studies
6150:Feminist method
6140:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6070:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6044:
5954:Oedipus complex
5944:Men in feminism
5909:Language reform
5884:Ideal womanhood
5864:Gender equality
5859:Formal equality
5822:Feminationalism
5760:Cognitive labor
5754:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5701:Post-structural
5600:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5497:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5468:
5465:Gender-critical
5464:
5463:
5414:Femonationalism
5398:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5363:Native American
5303:
5258:Critical theory
5220:
5162:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5101:Second Republic
5029:
4999:
4966:
4940:Women's history
4920:
4883:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4725:Polyculturalism
4621:Civil liberties
4593:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4562:Reappropriation
4462:
4461:Countermeasures
4454:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4379:Racial steering
4345:Numerus clausus
4249:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4237:
3962:Ethnic conflict
3897:Corrective rape
3852:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3477:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3417:minority Muslim
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3183:HIV/AIDS stigma
3055:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
2994:Mental disorder
2936:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2897:
2864:
2836:
2826:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2783:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2742:
2727:United Nations'
2673:
2663:
2657:, stated that:
2639:sexual violence
2544:permiso marital
2540:permiso marital
2524:Roman Dutch law
2486:
2466:Main articles:
2464:
2427:Heinrich Kramer
2390:edition of the
2380:
2374:
2319:
2310:
2305:
2282:male chauvinism
2246:Talcott Parsons
2164:Fred R. Shapiro
2160:
2144:formal equality
2136:gender identity
2132:sexual violence
2098:based on one's
2081:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2048:
1923:Polyculturalism
1819:Civil liberties
1791:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1760:Reappropriation
1660:
1659:Countermeasures
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1577:Racial steering
1543:Numerus clausus
1447:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1160:Ethnic conflict
1095:Corrective rape
1050:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
675:
664:
663:
662:
661:
660:
615:minority Muslim
503:
493:
492:
491:
490:
489:
381:HIV/AIDS stigma
253:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
192:Mental disorder
134:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
95:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
24080:
24070:
24069:
24064:
24059:
24054:
24049:
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24023:
24011:
23988:
23987:
23985:
23984:
23974:
23964:
23949:
23946:
23945:
23942:
23941:
23939:
23938:
23933:
23929:SCUM Manifesto
23925:
23920:
23915:
23914:
23913:
23908:
23898:
23892:
23890:
23886:
23885:
23883:
23878:
23873:
23868:
23863:
23858:
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23848:
23843:
23838:
23833:
23831:
23822:
23818:
23817:
23813:
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23810:
23800:
23798:United Kingdom
23795:
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23755:
23750:
23745:
23740:
23735:
23730:
23725:
23720:
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23683:
23678:
23673:
23668:
23663:
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23638:
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23628:
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23516:
23505:
23504:
23503:
23501:
23497:
23496:
23494:
23493:
23488:
23483:
23478:
23473:
23471:Existentialism
23468:
23463:
23458:
23457:
23456:
23446:
23441:
23440:
23439:
23434:
23429:
23427:Existentialism
23424:
23423:
23422:
23420:Justice ethics
23412:
23407:
23402:
23392:
23387:
23382:
23381:
23380:
23370:
23365:
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23236:
23230:
23225:
23220:
23218:Gender studies
23215:
23210:
23208:
23202:
23201:
23197:
23196:
23191:
23189:Women's rights
23186:
23183:Women's health
23179:
23174:
23169:
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23124:
23119:
23114:
23109:
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23089:
23084:
23079:
23074:
23069:
23067:Male privilege
23064:
23059:
23054:
23049:
23044:
23036:International
23034:
23029:
23024:
23019:
23014:
23009:
23004:
22999:
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22376:
22369:United Kingdom
22366:
22361:
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22341:
22336:
22331:
22325:
22323:
22317:
22316:
22314:
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22148:
22143:
22138:
22132:
22130:
22126:
22125:
22122:
22121:
22119:
22118:
22113:
22108:
22103:
22101:Plurisexuality
22098:
22093:
22088:
22083:
22078:
22073:
22068:
22062:
22060:
22056:
22055:
22053:
22052:
22047:
22042:
22037:
22032:
22030:Sociosexuality
22026:
22024:
22023:Social aspects
22020:
22019:
22017:
22016:
22011:
22006:
22001:
21996:
21991:
21986:
21981:
21976:
21971:
21969:Heteroflexible
21966:
21965:
21964:
21954:
21949:
21944:
21939:
21934:
21929:
21923:
21921:
21917:
21916:
21914:
21913:
21908:
21903:
21898:
21892:
21890:
21881:
21871:
21870:
21867:
21866:
21864:
21863:
21858:
21853:
21851:Vakasalewalewa
21848:
21843:
21838:
21833:
21828:
21823:
21818:
21813:
21808:
21803:
21798:
21793:
21788:
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21778:
21773:
21768:
21763:
21758:
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21748:
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21705:
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21695:
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21472:
21461:
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21454:
21449:
21448:
21447:
21437:
21432:
21427:
21426:
21425:
21420:
21415:
21405:
21400:
21395:
21390:
21385:
21380:
21379:
21378:
21376:Reverse racism
21368:
21363:
21358:
21353:
21348:
21346:Prisoner abuse
21343:
21338:
21336:Power distance
21333:
21328:
21323:
21318:
21313:
21308:
21303:
21302:
21301:
21291:
21286:
21281:
21276:
21271:
21266:
21261:
21256:
21254:Ethnic penalty
21251:
21250:
21249:
21247:Neurodiversity
21244:
21234:
21232:Dehumanization
21229:
21224:
21222:Cisnormativity
21219:
21214:
21209:
21203:
21201:
21200:Related topics
21197:
21196:
21194:
21193:
21188:
21183:
21178:
21173:
21168:
21163:
21158:
21153:
21148:
21143:
21138:
21133:
21128:
21123:
21122:
21121:
21111:
21106:
21101:
21096:
21091:
21086:
21080:
21078:
21074:
21073:
21071:
21070:
21065:
21060:
21058:State religion
21055:
21050:
21045:
21040:
21039:
21038:
21033:
21028:
21023:
21013:
21008:
21003:
20998:
20997:
20996:
20994:Nuremberg Laws
20991:
20981:
20976:
20971:
20963:
20958:
20953:
20948:
20943:
20938:
20936:Ghetto benches
20933:
20931:Gerrymandering
20928:
20923:
20918:
20916:Gender pay gap
20913:
20912:
20911:
20906:
20896:
20891:
20886:
20881:
20875:
20873:
20870:Discriminatory
20867:
20866:
20864:
20863:
20858:
20853:
20848:
20843:
20838:
20833:
20828:
20823:
20818:
20813:
20808:
20803:
20798:
20793:
20788:
20783:
20778:
20773:
20768:
20763:
20758:
20753:
20748:
20747:
20746:
20741:
20736:
20726:
20721:
20716:
20711:
20706:
20701:
20699:Lavender scare
20696:
20694:Kill Haole Day
20691:
20689:Indian rolling
20686:
20681:
20676:
20671:
20666:
20665:
20664:
20654:
20649:
20648:
20647:
20637:
20632:
20627:
20622:
20617:
20612:
20607:
20602:
20597:
20592:
20587:
20582:
20577:
20575:Eliminationism
20572:
20567:
20562:
20557:
20552:
20547:
20542:
20537:
20532:
20527:
20522:
20517:
20512:
20510:Cancel culture
20507:
20502:
20497:
20496:
20495:
20484:
20482:
20481:Manifestations
20478:
20477:
20475:
20474:
20469:
20464:
20459:
20454:
20449:
20444:
20439:
20434:
20429:
20424:
20419:
20414:
20409:
20404:
20399:
20394:
20389:
20384:
20379:
20374:
20369:
20367:Middle Eastern
20364:
20359:
20354:
20349:
20344:
20339:
20334:
20333:
20332:
20322:
20317:
20312:
20307:
20306:
20305:
20300:
20295:
20287:
20282:
20277:
20272:
20267:
20262:
20257:
20252:
20247:
20242:
20237:
20232:
20227:
20222:
20217:
20212:
20207:
20202:
20201:
20200:
20195:
20190:
20180:
20175:
20170:
20169:
20168:
20163:
20158:
20148:
20143:
20138:
20133:
20128:
20123:
20117:
20115:
20108:
20107:
20105:
20104:
20102:Zoroastrianism
20099:
20094:
20089:
20084:
20079:
20078:
20077:
20067:
20066:
20065:
20064:
20063:
20058:
20053:
20048:
20043:
20028:
20027:
20026:
20024:Untouchability
20021:
20011:
20006:
20005:
20004:
19999:
19994:
19989:
19984:
19974:
19969:
19964:
19959:
19953:
19951:
19945:
19944:
19942:
19941:
19936:
19931:
19930:
19929:
19924:
19919:
19909:
19908:
19907:
19902:
19892:
19887:
19882:
19877:
19872:
19867:
19862:
19857:
19852:
19847:
19845:Leprosy stigma
19842:
19837:
19832:
19827:
19822:
19817:
19812:
19807:
19802:
19797:
19792:
19787:
19782:
19777:
19772:
19767:
19762:
19757:
19752:
19747:
19742:
19737:
19732:
19727:
19722:
19717:
19711:
19709:
19705:
19704:
19702:
19701:
19696:
19691:
19686:
19681:
19676:
19671:
19670:
19669:
19664:
19654:
19649:
19644:
19639:
19634:
19629:
19624:
19619:
19614:
19609:
19604:
19598:
19596:
19592:
19591:
19589:
19588:
19583:
19578:
19573:
19567:
19565:
19561:
19560:
19557:Discrimination
19553:
19552:
19545:
19538:
19530:
19524:
19523:
19518:
19506:
19501:
19496:
19491:
19475:
19474:External links
19472:
19471:
19470:
19460:
19454:
19444:
19423:Coralie Colmez
19416:
19413:
19406:
19399:
19393:
19387:
19381:
19371:
19365:
19335:
19328:
19308:
19277:
19259:
19247:
19244:
19241:
19240:
19222:In These Times
19208:
19180:
19158:
19140:
19131:|website=
19106:
19083:
19057:
19050:
19028:
19021:
18996:
18989:
18958:
18929:
18910:(5): 795â802.
18889:
18872:
18847:
18826:
18812:
18790:
18772:
18748:
18735:10.1086/696150
18729:(3): 623â664.
18713:
18700:10.1086/691276
18669:
18647:
18624:
18591:
18558:
18551:
18527:
18501:
18477:
18450:
18421:
18418:. August 2013.
18400:
18374:
18355:(2): 194â213.
18339:
18322:
18292:
18262:
18236:
18206:
18181:
18162:
18144:
18114:
18094:
18069:
18043:
18018:
18011:
17989:
17951:
17925:
17912:
17891:
17860:
17834:
17809:
17798:on May 9, 2015
17776:
17754:
17725:
17699:
17673:
17647:
17629:
17602:
17589:
17572:
17546:
17518:
17497:
17480:
17450:
17428:
17405:
17398:
17378:
17345:
17323:
17290:
17279:(3): 325â341.
17263:
17256:
17224:
17217:
17185:
17164:
17138:
17110:
17091:(1): 349â397.
17062:
17048:
17022:
17004:
16990:
16961:
16926:
16907:(5): 693â717.
16884:
16877:
16851:
16844:
16820:
16802:
16780:
16748:
16712:
16700:
16671:
16649:
16626:
16604:
16585:
16559:
16529:
16503:
16489:
16483:. p. 13.
16464:
16450:
16425:
16396:
16376:
16342:
16327:
16312:
16293:
16267:
16241:
16215:
16172:
16158:
16147:on May 2, 2015
16128:
16092:
16062:
16055:
16031:
16017:
15993:
15965:
15941:
15909:
15880:
15873:
15855:
15848:
15829:
15796:
15782:
15764:Benatar, David
15750:
15703:
15685:
15659:
15637:
15602:
15582:
15553:
15527:
15498:
15465:
15437:
15415:
15386:(3): 809â831.
15364:
15326:
15297:
15272:
15265:
15240:
15233:
15203:
15196:
15174:
15144:
15137:
15117:
15083:
15056:(2): 159â170.
15033:
15014:(2): 137â154.
14993:
14982:(4): 269â279.
14964:
14927:
14908:(2): 227â239.
14892:
14873:(4): 227â239.
14857:
14850:
14832:
14825:
14805:
14768:
14744:
14726:
14703:
14698:womenslobby.eu
14685:
14667:
14647:
14628:
14609:
14585:
14567:
14544:(2): 127â142.
14523:
14501:
14476:
14459:
14408:
14389:
14360:
14325:
14306:
14277:
14244:
14237:
14219:Andrea Dworkin
14210:
14181:
14164:
14136:
14107:
14062:
14021:
13994:(2): 173â206.
13976:
13969:
13948:
13937:(4): 249â291.
13916:
13893:
13861:
13833:
13813:
13787:
13758:
13726:
13714:Moult, Julie.
13707:
13695:(2): 179â196.
13677:
13649:
13630:(2): 207â235.
13612:
13593:(2): 392â396.
13577:
13558:(3): 635â639.
13526:
13507:(2): 655â681.
13489:
13459:
13418:
13403:
13395:10.2785/796328
13369:
13322:
13303:
13288:
13273:
13254:
13228:
13213:
13180:
13157:
13142:
13130:Arnst, Cathy.
13123:
13108:
13085:
13062:
13044:
13022:
12987:
12974:
12955:(2): 267â288.
12927:
12908:(4): 850â875.
12886:
12849:
12835:
12821:
12805:
12787:
12765:
12754:(2): 159â186.
12736:
12725:(3): 371â391.
12707:
12656:
12628:
12567:
12537:
12524:10.1086/511799
12487:
12473:Goodman, Ellen
12462:
12444:
12434:Fortin, Nicole
12426:
12405:10.2307/800667
12381:
12362:(2): 178â192.
12341:
12319:
12297:
12269:
12254:
12227:
12201:
12167:
12156:(4): 635â639.
12138:
12129:
12110:
12083:
12056:
12027:
11990:
11978:catdir.loc.gov
11962:
11915:
11888:(3): 355â378.
11872:
11825:
11818:
11796:
11770:
11741:
11704:
11683:
11638:
11617:
11598:(4): 813â837.
11582:
11547:
11540:
11530:. Ottawa: The
11518:
11491:(3): 371â392.
11468:
11450:
11428:
11411:db-decision.de
11397:
11374:
11351:
11329:
11307:
11285:
11245:
11217:
11199:
11151:
11118:
11092:
11085:
11065:
11043:
11015:
10984:
10960:
10933:
10922:on May 5, 2019
10901:
10859:
10833:
10822:(3): 309â318.
10804:
10772:
10747:
10715:
10690:
10672:
10650:
10621:(3): 449â463.
10603:
10575:
10550:
10524:
10491:
10465:
10435:
10413:
10387:
10352:
10323:
10302:
10293:
10281:
10268:
10256:
10225:
10211:
10205:. p. 35.
10187:
10180:(in Chinese).
10168:
10161:
10139:
10125:
10105:
10082:
10068:
10044:
10037:
10015:
10008:
9987:
9972:
9950:
9943:
9921:
9909:
9902:
9880:
9865:
9847:
9840:
9818:
9803:
9780:
9765:
9747:
9732:
9711:10.2307/454643
9685:
9662:
9651:
9633:
9604:
9597:
9572:
9546:
9534:
9527:
9500:
9481:(4): 499â503.
9463:
9456:
9438:
9436:
9435:
9426:
9402:
9398:
9389:
9377:Lorber, Judith
9373:
9356:
9340:
9325:
9312:
9302:
9286:
9273:
9261:Scruton, Roger
9257:
9246:
9229:
9222:
9206:
9186:
9169:
9156:
9140:
9124:
9117:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9028:Reverse sexism
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8993:Men's movement
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8973:Male privilege
8970:
8965:
8963:Hipster sexism
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8849:Main article:
8846:
8843:
8783:Sexual assault
8778:
8775:
8771:women's health
8742:Main article:
8739:
8736:
8705:Phillip Barron
8622:State violence
8605:
8602:
8563:In China, the
8472:
8469:
8437:Main article:
8434:
8431:
8331:
8328:
8296:Lleras-Muney's
8252:
8249:
8179:Honor killings
8118:
8115:
8042:
8039:
7967:Child marriage
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7919:
7916:
7879:cisnormativity
7862:
7859:
7830:
7827:
7818:
7815:
7791:
7788:
7778:Carole Pateman
7764:sexual slavery
7740:
7737:
7685:Andrea Dworkin
7666:
7663:
7623:
7622:In advertising
7620:
7603:
7602:
7596:
7590:
7573:
7572:
7563:
7555:
7549:
7541:
7527:
7514:
7471:
7468:
7421:
7418:
7403:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7368:Main article:
7365:
7362:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7324:
7321:
7224:Gender pay gap
7222:Main article:
7219:
7216:
7203:
7200:
7151:discriminatory
7134:Suzanne Gordon
7126:
7125:
7113:
7110:
7091:
7088:
7034:
7031:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6954:
6947:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6908:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6850:Feminist poets
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6820:
6819:
6817:Feminist songs
6814:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6793:by nationality
6785:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6744:
6742:United Kingdom
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6353:Existentialism
6350:
6349:
6348:
6346:Justice ethics
6338:
6333:
6328:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6304:Constructivism
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6211:Areas of study
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6155:Gender studies
6152:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6120:SCUM Manifesto
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6076:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6051:Women's rights
6048:
6045:Women's health
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5929:Male privilege
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5898:International
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5767:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5735:Technofeminism
5732:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5698:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5679:
5674:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5510:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:Other variants
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5250:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5174:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5123:Cayman Islands
5118:United Kingdom
5115:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4937:
4932:
4926:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4905:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4770:Reverse racism
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4740:Prisoner abuse
4737:
4732:
4730:Power distance
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4648:Ethnic penalty
4645:
4644:
4643:
4641:Neurodiversity
4638:
4628:
4626:Dehumanization
4623:
4618:
4616:Cisnormativity
4613:
4608:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4592:Related topics
4591:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4436:State religion
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4372:Nuremberg Laws
4369:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4314:Ghetto benches
4311:
4309:Gerrymandering
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Gender pay gap
4291:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4071:Lavender scare
4068:
4066:Kill Haole Day
4063:
4061:Indian rolling
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Eliminationism
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Cancel culture
3879:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3851:Manifestations
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3731:Middle Eastern
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:Zoroastrianism
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3380:Untouchability
3377:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3193:Leprosy stigma
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2879:Discrimination
2875:
2874:
2863:
2860:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2780:of the subject
2778:worldwide view
2773:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2741:
2738:
2672:
2669:
2647:women's rights
2463:
2460:
2442:, where it is
2436:
2435:
2376:Main article:
2373:
2370:
2339:The status of
2318:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2278:male supremacy
2159:
2156:
2096:discrimination
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:Reverse racism
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Prisoner abuse
1935:
1930:
1928:Power distance
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:Ethnic penalty
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:Neurodiversity
1836:
1826:
1824:Dehumanization
1821:
1816:
1814:Cisnormativity
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1790:Related topics
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:State religion
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:Nuremberg Laws
1567:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Ghetto benches
1509:
1507:Gerrymandering
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:Gender pay gap
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Lavender scare
1266:
1264:Kill Haole Day
1261:
1259:Indian rolling
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:Eliminationism
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Cancel culture
1077:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1049:Manifestations
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
929:Middle Eastern
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
895:
894:
884:
879:
874:
869:
868:
867:
862:
857:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
763:
762:
757:
752:
742:
737:
732:
731:
730:
725:
720:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
679:
678:
677:
676:
670:
669:
666:
665:
659:
658:
656:Zoroastrianism
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
632:
631:
621:
620:
619:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
582:
581:
580:
578:Untouchability
575:
565:
560:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
528:
523:
518:
513:
507:
506:
505:
504:
499:
498:
495:
494:
488:
487:
482:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
455:
454:
453:
448:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
391:Leprosy stigma
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
257:
256:
255:
254:
251:
250:
247:
246:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
216:
211:
210:
209:
204:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
138:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
99:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
80:
79:
77:Discrimination
73:
72:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
24079:
24068:
24065:
24063:
24060:
24058:
24055:
24053:
24050:
24048:
24045:
24043:
24040:
24038:
24035:
24034:
24032:
24022:
24012:
24010:
24005:
24000:
23999:
23996:
23983:
23975:
23973:
23965:
23963:
23962:
23951:
23950:
23947:
23937:
23934:
23931:
23930:
23926:
23924:
23921:
23919:
23916:
23912:
23909:
23907:
23904:
23903:
23902:
23899:
23897:
23894:
23893:
23891:
23887:
23882:
23879:
23877:
23874:
23872:
23869:
23867:
23864:
23862:
23859:
23857:
23854:
23852:
23849:
23847:
23844:
23842:
23839:
23837:
23834:
23832:
23830:
23826:
23823:
23819:
23809:
23806:
23805:
23804:
23803:United States
23801:
23799:
23796:
23794:
23791:
23789:
23786:
23784:
23781:
23779:
23776:
23774:
23771:
23769:
23766:
23764:
23761:
23759:
23756:
23754:
23751:
23749:
23746:
23744:
23741:
23739:
23736:
23734:
23731:
23729:
23726:
23724:
23721:
23719:
23716:
23714:
23711:
23709:
23706:
23704:
23701:
23699:
23696:
23692:
23689:
23687:
23684:
23682:
23679:
23677:
23674:
23672:
23669:
23667:
23664:
23662:
23659:
23657:
23654:
23653:
23652:
23651:Latin America
23649:
23647:
23644:
23642:
23639:
23637:
23634:
23632:
23629:
23627:
23624:
23622:
23619:
23617:
23614:
23612:
23609:
23607:
23604:
23602:
23599:
23597:
23594:
23592:
23589:
23587:
23584:
23582:
23579:
23577:
23574:
23572:
23569:
23567:
23564:
23562:
23559:
23557:
23554:
23550:
23547:
23545:
23542:
23540:
23537:
23535:
23532:
23530:
23527:
23525:
23522:
23520:
23517:
23515:
23512:
23511:
23510:
23507:
23506:
23502:
23498:
23492:
23489:
23487:
23484:
23482:
23481:Technoscience
23479:
23477:
23474:
23472:
23469:
23467:
23464:
23462:
23459:
23455:
23452:
23451:
23450:
23447:
23445:
23442:
23438:
23435:
23433:
23430:
23428:
23425:
23421:
23418:
23417:
23416:
23413:
23411:
23408:
23406:
23403:
23401:
23398:
23397:
23396:
23393:
23391:
23388:
23386:
23383:
23379:
23376:
23375:
23374:
23371:
23369:
23366:
23364:
23361:
23359:
23356:
23354:
23351:
23349:
23346:
23342:
23339:
23337:
23334:
23332:
23331:Art criticism
23329:
23328:
23327:
23324:
23322:
23319:
23317:
23314:
23312:
23309:
23307:
23304:
23300:
23297:
23295:
23292:
23291:
23290:
23287:
23285:
23282:
23280:
23277:
23275:
23272:
23270:
23267:
23265:
23262:
23260:
23257:
23255:
23252:
23250:
23247:
23245:
23244:Men's studies
23242:
23240:
23237:
23235:
23232:
23231:
23229:
23226:
23224:
23221:
23219:
23216:
23214:
23211:
23209:
23207:
23203:
23195:
23192:
23190:
23187:
23185:
23180:
23178:
23175:
23173:
23170:
23168:
23165:
23163:
23160:
23158:
23155:
23153:
23152:Transmisogyny
23150:
23148:
23145:
23143:
23140:
23138:
23135:
23133:
23130:
23128:
23125:
23123:
23120:
23118:
23115:
23113:
23112:Purplewashing
23110:
23108:
23107:Protofeminism
23105:
23103:
23100:
23098:
23095:
23093:
23090:
23088:
23085:
23083:
23080:
23078:
23075:
23073:
23070:
23068:
23065:
23063:
23060:
23058:
23055:
23053:
23050:
23048:
23045:
23043:
23039:
23035:
23033:
23030:
23028:
23025:
23023:
23020:
23018:
23017:Honor killing
23015:
23013:
23010:
23008:
23005:
23003:
23000:
22998:
22995:
22993:
22990:
22986:
22983:
22981:
22978:
22976:
22973:
22972:
22971:
22968:
22966:
22963:
22961:
22958:
22956:
22953:
22951:
22948:
22946:
22943:
22941:
22938:
22936:
22933:
22931:
22928:
22926:
22923:
22921:
22918:
22914:
22911:
22910:
22909:
22906:
22904:
22901:
22899:
22896:
22895:
22891:
22887:
22878:
22875:
22873:
22870:
22866:
22863:
22862:
22861:
22858:
22854:
22851:
22849:
22846:
22844:
22841:
22840:
22839:
22836:
22834:
22831:
22829:
22826:
22824:
22820:
22812:
22809:
22805:
22802:
22801:
22800:
22797:
22795:
22792:
22790:
22787:
22783:
22780:
22778:
22775:
22773:
22770:
22769:
22768:
22765:
22761:
22758:
22756:
22753:
22751:
22748:
22746:
22743:
22742:
22741:
22738:
22736:
22733:
22731:
22728:
22727:
22723:
22721:
22717:
22711:
22708:
22704:
22701:
22700:
22699:
22696:
22694:
22691:
22689:
22688:Transnational
22686:
22684:
22681:
22679:
22676:
22674:
22671:
22667:
22664:
22663:
22662:
22659:
22657:
22654:
22652:
22649:
22647:
22644:
22642:
22639:
22637:
22634:
22630:
22627:
22626:
22625:
22622:
22620:
22617:
22615:
22612:
22610:
22607:
22605:
22602:
22600:
22597:
22595:
22592:
22590:
22587:
22585:
22582:
22578:
22575:
22574:
22573:
22570:
22568:
22565:
22563:
22560:
22558:
22557:Individualist
22555:
22551:
22548:
22547:
22546:
22543:
22541:
22538:
22536:
22533:
22531:
22528:
22526:
22523:
22521:
22518:
22514:
22511:
22510:
22509:
22506:
22504:
22501:
22497:
22494:
22493:
22492:
22489:
22487:
22484:
22482:
22479:
22477:
22474:
22472:
22469:
22467:
22464:
22462:
22459:
22457:
22456:Anti-abortion
22454:
22452:
22449:
22447:
22444:
22443:
22441:
22437:
22434:
22432:
22426:
22412:
22409:
22407:
22404:
22402:
22399:
22398:
22397:
22394:
22392:
22389:
22387:
22384:
22383:
22382:
22381:United States
22379:
22375:
22372:
22371:
22370:
22367:
22365:
22362:
22360:
22357:
22355:
22352:
22350:
22347:
22345:
22342:
22340:
22337:
22335:
22332:
22330:
22327:
22326:
22324:
22322:
22318:
22311:
22307:
22305:
22302:
22300:
22297:
22295:
22292:
22291:
22289:
22285:
22279:
22276:
22274:
22271:
22267:
22264:
22263:
22262:
22259:
22257:
22254:
22252:
22249:
22248:
22246:
22242:
22239:
22237:
22233:
22229:
22222:
22217:
22215:
22210:
22208:
22203:
22202:
22199:
22187:
22184:
22182:
22179:
22177:
22174:
22172:
22169:
22167:
22164:
22162:
22159:
22157:
22154:
22152:
22149:
22147:
22144:
22142:
22139:
22137:
22134:
22133:
22131:
22127:
22117:
22114:
22112:
22109:
22107:
22106:Postgenderism
22104:
22102:
22099:
22097:
22096:Monosexuality
22094:
22092:
22089:
22087:
22084:
22082:
22079:
22077:
22074:
22072:
22069:
22067:
22066:Allosexuality
22064:
22063:
22061:
22057:
22051:
22048:
22046:
22045:Homosociality
22043:
22041:
22038:
22036:
22035:Antisexuality
22033:
22031:
22028:
22027:
22025:
22021:
22015:
22012:
22010:
22007:
22005:
22002:
22000:
21997:
21995:
21992:
21990:
21987:
21985:
21982:
21980:
21977:
21975:
21972:
21970:
21967:
21963:
21960:
21959:
21958:
21955:
21953:
21950:
21948:
21945:
21943:
21940:
21938:
21935:
21933:
21930:
21928:
21925:
21924:
21922:
21918:
21912:
21909:
21907:
21904:
21902:
21899:
21897:
21894:
21893:
21891:
21889:
21885:
21882:
21880:
21872:
21862:
21859:
21857:
21854:
21852:
21849:
21847:
21844:
21842:
21839:
21837:
21834:
21832:
21829:
21827:
21824:
21822:
21819:
21817:
21814:
21812:
21809:
21807:
21804:
21802:
21799:
21797:
21794:
21792:
21789:
21787:
21784:
21782:
21779:
21777:
21774:
21772:
21769:
21767:
21764:
21762:
21759:
21757:
21754:
21752:
21749:
21747:
21744:
21740:
21737:
21736:
21735:
21732:
21730:
21727:
21725:
21722:
21717:
21714:
21711:
21710:
21709:
21708:Bugis genders
21706:
21704:
21701:
21699:
21696:
21694:
21691:
21689:
21686:
21685:
21683:
21679:
21678:Third genders
21675:
21669:
21666:
21662:
21659:
21657:
21654:
21652:
21649:
21648:
21647:
21644:
21642:
21639:
21635:
21632:
21631:
21630:
21627:
21625:
21622:
21620:
21617:
21615:
21612:
21610:
21607:
21605:
21602:
21600:
21599:Gender bender
21597:
21595:
21592:
21590:
21589:Cross-dresser
21587:
21585:
21582:
21580:
21577:
21575:
21572:
21570:
21567:
21565:
21562:
21560:
21557:
21555:
21552:
21551:
21549:
21547:
21543:
21540:
21538:
21532:
21527:
21523:
21516:
21511:
21509:
21504:
21502:
21497:
21496:
21493:
21481:
21473:
21471:
21463:
21462:
21459:
21453:
21450:
21446:
21443:
21442:
21441:
21438:
21436:
21433:
21431:
21430:Social stigma
21428:
21424:
21421:
21419:
21416:
21414:
21411:
21410:
21409:
21406:
21404:
21401:
21399:
21396:
21394:
21391:
21389:
21386:
21384:
21381:
21377:
21374:
21373:
21372:
21369:
21367:
21364:
21362:
21359:
21357:
21354:
21352:
21349:
21347:
21344:
21342:
21339:
21337:
21334:
21332:
21329:
21327:
21324:
21322:
21319:
21317:
21314:
21312:
21309:
21307:
21304:
21300:
21297:
21296:
21295:
21292:
21290:
21287:
21285:
21282:
21280:
21277:
21275:
21272:
21270:
21267:
21265:
21262:
21260:
21257:
21255:
21252:
21248:
21245:
21243:
21240:
21239:
21238:
21235:
21233:
21230:
21228:
21225:
21223:
21220:
21218:
21215:
21213:
21210:
21208:
21205:
21204:
21202:
21198:
21192:
21189:
21187:
21184:
21182:
21179:
21177:
21174:
21172:
21169:
21167:
21164:
21162:
21159:
21157:
21154:
21152:
21149:
21147:
21144:
21142:
21139:
21137:
21134:
21132:
21129:
21127:
21124:
21120:
21117:
21116:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21107:
21105:
21102:
21100:
21097:
21095:
21092:
21090:
21087:
21085:
21082:
21081:
21079:
21075:
21069:
21066:
21064:
21061:
21059:
21056:
21054:
21053:State atheism
21051:
21049:
21046:
21044:
21041:
21037:
21034:
21032:
21029:
21027:
21024:
21022:
21019:
21018:
21017:
21014:
21012:
21009:
21007:
21004:
21002:
20999:
20995:
20992:
20990:
20989:Jim Crow laws
20987:
20986:
20985:
20982:
20980:
20977:
20975:
20974:One-drop rule
20972:
20970:
20968:
20964:
20962:
20959:
20957:
20954:
20952:
20949:
20947:
20944:
20942:
20939:
20937:
20934:
20932:
20929:
20927:
20924:
20922:
20919:
20917:
20914:
20910:
20907:
20905:
20902:
20901:
20900:
20897:
20895:
20892:
20890:
20889:Blood quantum
20887:
20885:
20882:
20880:
20877:
20876:
20874:
20868:
20862:
20859:
20857:
20854:
20852:
20849:
20847:
20844:
20842:
20839:
20837:
20836:Victimisation
20834:
20832:
20831:Trans bashing
20829:
20827:
20824:
20822:
20819:
20817:
20814:
20812:
20809:
20807:
20804:
20802:
20801:Religious war
20799:
20797:
20794:
20792:
20789:
20787:
20784:
20782:
20781:Racialization
20779:
20777:
20774:
20772:
20769:
20767:
20764:
20762:
20759:
20757:
20754:
20752:
20749:
20745:
20742:
20740:
20737:
20735:
20732:
20731:
20730:
20727:
20725:
20722:
20720:
20717:
20715:
20712:
20710:
20707:
20705:
20702:
20700:
20697:
20695:
20692:
20690:
20687:
20685:
20682:
20680:
20677:
20675:
20672:
20670:
20667:
20663:
20660:
20659:
20658:
20655:
20653:
20652:Glass ceiling
20650:
20646:
20643:
20642:
20641:
20638:
20636:
20633:
20631:
20628:
20626:
20623:
20621:
20618:
20616:
20613:
20611:
20608:
20606:
20603:
20601:
20598:
20596:
20595:Ethnic hatred
20593:
20591:
20588:
20586:
20583:
20581:
20578:
20576:
20573:
20571:
20568:
20566:
20563:
20561:
20558:
20556:
20553:
20551:
20548:
20546:
20543:
20541:
20538:
20536:
20533:
20531:
20530:Counter-jihad
20528:
20526:
20523:
20521:
20518:
20516:
20513:
20511:
20508:
20506:
20503:
20501:
20498:
20494:
20491:
20490:
20489:
20486:
20485:
20483:
20479:
20473:
20470:
20468:
20465:
20463:
20460:
20458:
20455:
20453:
20450:
20448:
20445:
20443:
20440:
20438:
20435:
20433:
20430:
20428:
20425:
20423:
20420:
20418:
20415:
20413:
20410:
20408:
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20393:
20390:
20388:
20385:
20383:
20380:
20378:
20375:
20373:
20370:
20368:
20365:
20363:
20360:
20358:
20355:
20353:
20350:
20348:
20345:
20343:
20340:
20338:
20335:
20331:
20328:
20327:
20326:
20323:
20321:
20318:
20316:
20313:
20311:
20308:
20304:
20303:United States
20301:
20299:
20296:
20294:
20291:
20290:
20288:
20286:
20283:
20281:
20278:
20276:
20273:
20271:
20268:
20266:
20263:
20261:
20258:
20256:
20253:
20251:
20248:
20246:
20243:
20241:
20238:
20236:
20233:
20231:
20228:
20226:
20223:
20221:
20218:
20216:
20213:
20211:
20208:
20206:
20203:
20199:
20196:
20194:
20191:
20189:
20186:
20185:
20184:
20181:
20179:
20176:
20174:
20171:
20167:
20166:United States
20164:
20162:
20159:
20157:
20154:
20153:
20152:
20149:
20147:
20144:
20142:
20139:
20137:
20134:
20132:
20129:
20127:
20124:
20122:
20119:
20118:
20116:
20114:
20109:
20103:
20100:
20098:
20095:
20093:
20090:
20088:
20087:Protestantism
20085:
20083:
20080:
20076:
20073:
20072:
20071:
20068:
20062:
20059:
20057:
20054:
20052:
20049:
20047:
20044:
20042:
20039:
20038:
20037:
20034:
20033:
20032:
20029:
20025:
20022:
20020:
20017:
20016:
20015:
20012:
20010:
20007:
20003:
20000:
19998:
19997:LDS or Mormon
19995:
19993:
19990:
19988:
19985:
19983:
19980:
19979:
19978:
19975:
19973:
19970:
19968:
19965:
19963:
19960:
19958:
19955:
19954:
19952:
19950:
19946:
19940:
19937:
19935:
19932:
19928:
19925:
19923:
19922:Transmisogyny
19920:
19918:
19915:
19914:
19913:
19910:
19906:
19903:
19901:
19898:
19897:
19896:
19893:
19891:
19888:
19886:
19883:
19881:
19878:
19876:
19873:
19871:
19868:
19866:
19863:
19861:
19858:
19856:
19853:
19851:
19848:
19846:
19843:
19841:
19838:
19836:
19833:
19831:
19828:
19826:
19825:Gerontophobia
19823:
19821:
19818:
19816:
19813:
19811:
19808:
19806:
19803:
19801:
19798:
19796:
19793:
19791:
19788:
19786:
19783:
19781:
19778:
19776:
19773:
19771:
19768:
19766:
19763:
19761:
19758:
19756:
19755:Anti-intersex
19753:
19751:
19748:
19746:
19743:
19741:
19738:
19736:
19733:
19731:
19730:Anti-albinism
19728:
19726:
19723:
19721:
19718:
19716:
19713:
19712:
19710:
19706:
19700:
19697:
19695:
19692:
19690:
19687:
19685:
19682:
19680:
19677:
19675:
19672:
19668:
19665:
19663:
19660:
19659:
19658:
19655:
19653:
19650:
19648:
19645:
19643:
19640:
19638:
19635:
19633:
19630:
19628:
19625:
19623:
19620:
19618:
19615:
19613:
19610:
19608:
19605:
19603:
19600:
19599:
19597:
19593:
19587:
19584:
19582:
19579:
19577:
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19571:Institutional
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19562:
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19551:
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19519:
19517:
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19490:at Wiktionary
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19419:Leila Schneps
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19100:. Routledge.
19099:
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19013:Penguin Books
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17939:
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17905:September 24,
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17830:
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17802:September 24,
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17463:
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17431:
17425:
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17196:
17189:
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17181:0-8058-2792-7
17178:
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17168:
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17127:
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16864:
16855:
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16837:
16834:. New Haven:
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15222:
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15217:Serano, Julia
15212:
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14494:September 19,
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14393:
14377:
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14364:
14357:
14356:0-674-89646-7
14353:
14349:
14348:0-674-89645-9
14345:
14341:
14337:
14336:
14329:
14322:
14321:
14316:
14310:
14294:
14293:
14288:
14281:
14274:
14273:0-394-72612-X
14270:
14266:
14265:0-394-48227-1
14262:
14258:
14254:
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14234:
14230:
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14066:
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14046:
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14038:
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14032:
14025:
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14013:
14009:
14005:
14001:
13997:
13993:
13989:
13988:
13980:
13972:
13966:
13962:
13958:
13952:
13944:
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13926:
13920:
13904:
13897:
13881:
13880:
13875:
13868:
13866:
13850:
13849:
13844:
13837:
13829:
13828:
13823:
13817:
13801:
13797:
13791:
13775:
13774:
13769:
13762:
13746:
13742:
13741:
13736:
13730:
13723:
13719:
13718:
13711:
13702:
13698:
13694:
13690:
13689:
13681:
13662:
13656:
13654:
13645:
13641:
13637:
13633:
13629:
13625:
13624:
13616:
13608:
13604:
13600:
13596:
13592:
13588:
13581:
13573:
13569:
13565:
13561:
13557:
13553:
13552:
13544:
13537:
13535:
13533:
13531:
13522:
13518:
13514:
13510:
13506:
13502:
13501:
13500:Social Forces
13493:
13477:
13473:
13469:
13463:
13455:
13451:
13446:
13441:
13438:(4): 75â100.
13437:
13433:
13429:
13422:
13414:
13410:
13406:
13400:
13396:
13392:
13385:
13384:
13376:
13374:
13365:
13361:
13357:
13353:
13349:
13345:
13341:
13337:
13333:
13326:
13318:
13314:
13307:
13300:
13299:
13295:OECD (2002).
13292:
13285:
13284:
13277:
13270:
13266:
13265:
13258:
13242:
13238:
13232:
13225:
13224:
13217:
13198:
13191:
13184:
13177:
13173:
13169:
13168:
13161:
13154:
13153:
13146:
13139:
13135:
13134:
13127:
13120:
13119:
13112:
13104:
13100:
13096:
13089:
13082:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13066:
13059:
13058:
13053:
13048:
13040:
13033:
13026:
13018:
13014:
13010:
13006:
13002:
12998:
12991:
12984:
12978:
12970:
12966:
12962:
12958:
12954:
12950:
12949:
12941:
12934:
12932:
12923:
12919:
12915:
12911:
12907:
12903:
12902:
12897:
12890:
12882:
12878:
12874:
12870:
12866:
12862:
12861:
12853:
12845:
12839:
12831:
12825:
12818:
12816:
12809:
12802:
12801:
12794:
12792:
12784:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12770:
12761:
12757:
12753:
12749:
12748:
12740:
12732:
12728:
12724:
12720:
12719:
12711:
12703:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12685:
12681:
12678:(3): 714736.
12677:
12673:
12672:
12667:
12660:
12645:
12644:
12639:
12632:
12624:
12620:
12615:
12610:
12605:
12600:
12596:
12592:
12588:
12584:
12583:
12578:
12571:
12555:
12551:
12544:
12542:
12533:
12529:
12525:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12507:
12503:
12502:
12494:
12492:
12484:
12480:
12479:
12474:
12469:
12467:
12459:
12458:
12451:
12449:
12441:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12422:
12418:
12414:
12410:
12406:
12402:
12398:
12394:
12393:
12385:
12377:
12373:
12369:
12365:
12361:
12357:
12356:
12348:
12346:
12330:
12323:
12316:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12302:
12294:
12292:
12287:
12282:
12280:
12278:
12276:
12274:
12265:
12258:
12251:
12247:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12231:
12224:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12210:
12209:Mills College
12205:
12194:
12190:
12186:
12179:
12178:
12171:
12163:
12159:
12155:
12151:
12150:
12142:
12133:
12125:
12121:
12114:
12098:
12094:
12087:
12079:
12075:
12071:
12067:
12060:
12044:
12040:
12034:
12032:
12016:
12012:
12008:
12004:
11997:
11995:
11979:
11972:
11966:
11958:
11952:
11933:
11926:
11919:
11911:
11907:
11903:
11899:
11895:
11891:
11887:
11883:
11876:
11868:
11862:
11843:
11836:
11829:
11821:
11815:
11810:
11809:
11800:
11784:
11780:
11774:
11758:
11754:
11748:
11746:
11737:
11733:
11729:
11725:
11721:
11717:
11716:
11708:
11701:
11697:
11693:
11687:
11679:
11675:
11671:
11667:
11663:
11659:
11655:
11651:
11650:
11642:
11635:
11631:
11627:
11621:
11613:
11609:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11593:
11586:
11571:
11570:Atlas Obscura
11567:
11563:
11556:
11554:
11552:
11543:
11537:
11533:
11529:
11522:
11514:
11510:
11506:
11502:
11498:
11494:
11490:
11486:
11485:
11477:
11475:
11473:
11464:
11460:
11454:
11438:
11432:
11416:
11412:
11408:
11401:
11385:
11378:
11362:
11355:
11339:
11333:
11317:
11311:
11295:
11289:
11270:
11266:
11259:
11255:
11249:
11241:
11228:
11220:
11214:
11210:
11203:
11195:
11189:
11170:
11163:
11155:
11136:
11129:
11122:
11106:
11102:
11096:
11088:
11082:
11078:
11077:
11069:
11053:
11047:
11031:
11030:
11025:
11019:
11004:
11003:
10995:
10988:
10970:
10964:
10948:
10944:
10937:
10921:
10917:
10916:
10911:
10905:
10897:
10891:
10875:
10874:
10869:
10863:
10847:
10843:
10837:
10829:
10825:
10821:
10817:
10816:
10808:
10789:
10782:
10776:
10761:
10757:
10751:
10732:
10725:
10719:
10701:
10694:
10686:
10682:
10676:
10660:
10654:
10646:
10642:
10638:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10620:
10616:
10615:
10607:
10592:
10591:
10586:
10579:
10564:
10560:
10554:
10538:
10534:
10528:
10517:
10513:
10509:
10502:
10495:
10479:
10475:
10469:
10453:
10449:
10445:
10439:
10431:
10427:
10423:
10417:
10402:
10398:
10391:
10375:
10371:
10370:
10369:The Telegraph
10364:
10356:
10341:
10334:
10327:
10319:
10317:
10312:
10306:
10297:
10290:
10289:Thurston 2001
10285:
10278:
10272:
10265:
10264:Thurston 2001
10260:
10253:
10249:
10246:
10242:
10238:
10235:
10229:
10214:
10208:
10204:
10200:
10199:
10191:
10183:
10179:
10172:
10164:
10158:
10154:
10150:
10143:
10128:
10122:
10118:
10117:
10116:Ancient Egypt
10109:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10086:
10071:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10056:
10048:
10040:
10034:
10030:
10026:
10019:
10011:
10005:
10001:
9997:
9991:
9983:
9979:
9975:
9969:
9964:
9963:
9954:
9946:
9940:
9935:
9934:
9925:
9918:
9913:
9905:
9899:
9894:
9893:
9884:
9876:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9858:
9851:
9843:
9837:
9832:
9831:
9822:
9814:
9810:
9806:
9800:
9796:
9789:
9787:
9785:
9776:
9772:
9768:
9762:
9758:
9751:
9743:
9736:
9728:
9724:
9720:
9716:
9712:
9708:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9689:
9673:
9666:
9660:
9655:
9648:
9636:
9630:
9627:. p. 6.
9626:
9622:
9621:
9613:
9611:
9609:
9600:
9594:
9590:
9586:
9579:
9577:
9561:
9557:
9550:
9544:
9538:
9530:
9524:
9520:
9515:
9507:
9505:
9496:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9475:
9467:
9459:
9453:
9449:
9442:
9433:
9429:
9423:
9418:
9417:
9411:
9407:
9403:
9400:
9396:
9392:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9374:
9371:
9359:
9353:
9349:
9345:
9341:
9338:
9328:
9322:
9318:
9313:
9310:
9305:
9299:
9295:
9291:
9287:
9284:
9276:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9258:
9255:
9249:
9243:
9238:
9237:
9230:
9225:
9219:
9215:
9211:
9207:
9195:
9191:
9183:
9177:
9172:
9166:
9162:
9157:
9154:
9143:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9120:
9114:
9110:
9105:
9104:
9100:
9098:
9093:
9085:
9083:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8875:
8868:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8842:
8840:
8836:
8831:
8827:
8825:
8820:
8818:
8814:
8809:
8802:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8784:
8774:
8772:
8768:
8763:
8759:
8758:Latin America
8755:
8751:
8745:
8735:
8730:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8712:
8708:
8706:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8689:
8685:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8646:
8644:
8639:
8635:
8631:
8623:
8619:
8615:
8610:
8601:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8575:
8569:
8566:
8561:
8559:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8544:
8540:
8536:
8530:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8504:
8500:
8492:
8485:
8477:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8454:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8430:
8428:
8421:
8416:
8414:
8408:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8397:Western world
8393:
8389:
8383:
8381:
8377:
8368:
8363:
8356:
8352:
8347:
8341:
8337:
8327:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8311:
8309:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8292:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8279:
8275:
8270:
8268:
8262:
8258:
8248:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8206:
8204:
8200:
8194:
8192:
8187:
8185:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8160:
8158:
8154:
8149:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8128:
8127:Acid throwing
8124:
8123:Honor killing
8114:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8096:
8092:
8087:
8084:
8083:David Benatar
8080:
8075:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8057:
8052:
8048:
8038:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8014:
8012:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7987:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7968:
7953:
7950:
7947:
7944:
7938:
7936:
7929:
7925:
7915:
7911:
7909:
7908:gender binary
7904:
7902:
7901:Judith Butler
7899:
7894:
7892:
7886:
7884:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7867:transfeminist
7858:
7856:
7851:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7826:
7823:
7814:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7797:
7786:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7767:
7765:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7724:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7672:
7662:
7660:
7656:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7636:
7628:
7619:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7577:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7481:
7476:
7467:
7464:
7463:socialization
7460:
7459:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7441:
7439:
7434:
7427:
7417:
7414:
7413:glass ceiling
7409:
7399:
7390:
7387:
7383:
7381:
7375:
7371:
7370:Glass ceiling
7361:
7359:
7354:
7350:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7320:
7317:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7298:
7294:
7292:
7287:
7281:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7258:
7257:Equal Pay Act
7252:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7202:Gap in hiring
7199:
7197:
7196:
7190:
7188:
7183:
7179:
7173:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7146:
7144:
7137:
7135:
7123:
7119:
7109:
7107:
7103:
7102:condescension
7097:
7087:
7085:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7069:die Studenten
7065:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7030:
7026:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7002:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6960:
6955:
6953:
6948:
6946:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6924:
6923:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6764:
6763:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6747:United States
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6595:Latin America
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6443:
6442:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6417:Technoscience
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:Art criticism
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6190:Men's studies
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6133:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6090:Views on BDSM
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6066:
6065:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:Transmisogyny
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5974:Purplewashing
5972:
5970:
5969:Protofeminism
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:Honor killing
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5750:
5749:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5648:Individualist
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5621:Cyberfeminism
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5593:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5491:
5490:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5404:Anti-abortion
5402:
5401:
5394:
5393:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5309:Multicultural
5307:
5306:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5292:Transnational
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5209:Postgenderism
5207:
5206:
5205:
5204:Transfeminism
5202:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5155:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5135:United States
5133:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Liechtenstein
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5003:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4880:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:Social stigma
4822:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4589:
4588:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4458:
4457:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:State atheism
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:Jim Crow laws
4365:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:One-drop rule
4350:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Blood quantum
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:Victimisation
4206:
4204:
4203:Trans bashing
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Religious war
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Racialization
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Glass ceiling
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3967:Ethnic hatred
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Counter-jihad
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3667:United States
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3530:United States
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:Protestantism
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:LDS or Mormon
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Transmisogyny
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Gerontophobia
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Anti-intersex
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Anti-albinism
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Institutional
2903:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2812:
2809:
2801:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2750:Gloria Allred
2747:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:Liechtenstein
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2520:marital power
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:Marital power
2469:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:institutional
2211:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2199:(p. 6).
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:Caroline Bird
2182:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Social stigma
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:State atheism
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Jim Crow laws
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:One-drop rule
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:Blood quantum
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Victimisation
1404:
1402:
1401:Trans bashing
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:Religious war
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:Racialization
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Glass ceiling
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Ethnic hatred
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Counter-jihad
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
866:
865:United States
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
729:
728:United States
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
674:
668:
667:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
641:Protestantism
639:
637:
634:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
591:
588:
587:
586:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
564:
561:
557:
554:
552:
551:LDS or Mormon
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
502:
497:
496:
486:
483:
481:
478:
474:
471:
469:
468:Transmisogyny
466:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Gerontophobia
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Anti-intersex
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
276:Anti-albinism
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
249:
248:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
217:
215:
212:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
130:
129:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
103:Institutional
101:
100:
91:
90:
86:
82:
81:
78:
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23861:Philosophers
23753:Saudi Arabia
23549:South Africa
23410:Epistemology
23363:Anthropology
23358:Architecture
23321:Legal theory
23228:Gynocentrism
23167:War on women
23102:Pro-feminism
23057:Gender-blind
23007:Gender quota
22980:Art movement
22772:Dianic Wicca
22651:Sex-positive
22614:Postcolonial
22481:Conservative
22461:Anti-fascist
22146:Gender roles
22091:Kinsey scale
22081:Aromanticism
21957:Gray asexual
21906:Heterosexual
21831:Sworn virgin
21801:Mukhannathun
21703:Binabinaaine
21264:Gender-blind
21151:Human rights
20979:Racial quota
20966:
20946:Jewish quota
20926:Gerontocracy
20921:Gender roles
20899:Disabilities
20884:Blood purity
20856:Wife selling
20846:White flight
20826:Slut-shaming
20806:Scapegoating
20724:Murder music
20387:Palestinians
20330:Anti-Zionism
20198:South Africa
20183:Black people
20161:South Africa
19977:Christianity
19967:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
19890:Sectarianism
19830:Heterosexism
19795:Ephebiphobia
19765:Anti-Masonry
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19315:
19312:Cudd, Ann E.
19287:
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19262:
19246:Bibliography
19231:. Retrieved
19227:the original
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18627:
18613:(1): 89â96.
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18313:. Retrieved
18309:the original
18305:Equality Now
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18031:ScienceDaily
18030:
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17998:
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17970:(1): 49â61.
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17942:. Retrieved
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17747:February 18,
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16732:the original
16727:Times Online
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15951:
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15924:
15922:True, Jacqui
15912:
15895:. Volume 1.
15892:
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15811:The Atlantic
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15720:the original
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15640:
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15596:The Guardian
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15575:February 18,
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15546:February 22,
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15540:the original
15530:
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15513:
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15485:the original
15480:
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15424:"the Survey"
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14680:Google Books
14678:– via
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14601:the original
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14382:February 18,
14380:. Retrieved
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14292:The Guardian
14290:
14280:
14267:. (1978 ed,
14257:Random House
14252:
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14213:
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14156:February 26,
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14123:
14096:cite journal
14082:(3): 35â58.
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12132:
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12123:
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12086:
12072:(2): 34â36.
12069:
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11310:
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11296:. Infoplease
11288:
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11269:the original
11264:
11254:Pillay, Navi
11248:
11236:|title=
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10339:
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10296:
10291:. pp. 42â45.
10284:
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9587:. New York:
9584:
9565:February 19,
9563:. Retrieved
9559:
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9197:. Retrieved
9193:
9175:
9174:
9160:
9145:
9131:
9128:Cudd, Ann E.
9108:
9080:
9076:free content
9068:
8958:Heterosexism
8883:Antifeminism
8865:
8832:
8828:
8821:
8810:
8806:
8762:miscarriages
8747:
8732:
8724:
8720:
8713:
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8662:manslaughter
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8367:foot binding
8336:Foot binding
8312:
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8271:
8264:
8241:Dowry deaths
8239:
8215:Umrani Tribe
8208:
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8177:
8175:as lawful."
8171:
8168:Equality Now
8161:
8157:human rights
8145:
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8088:
8078:
8077:In his book
8076:
8064:Conscription
8062:
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7939:
7931:
7912:
7905:
7895:
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7875:social norms
7871:Julia Serano
7864:
7852:
7845:, and other
7839:third gender
7832:
7820:
7817:Sexist jokes
7807:
7803:
7783:
7780:writes that:
7776:
7768:
7760:
7744:Prostitution
7742:
7739:Prostitution
7726:
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7697:Robin Morgan
7695:
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7679:argues that
7674:
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7568:subjectivity
7565:
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7433:Neil Gorsuch
7429:
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7275:in her book
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7218:Earnings gap
7212:
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7130:
7106:misgendering
7099:
7081:
7076:
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7068:
7062:
7052:", meaning "
7050:mademoiselle
7036:
7027:
7023:queer theory
7004:
6976:
6972:male-as-norm
6968:
6697:Saudi Arabia
6493:South Africa
6336:Epistemology
6311:Legal theory
6230:Architecture
6220:Anthropology
6199:
6165:Gynocentrism
6029:War on women
5964:Pro-feminism
5919:Gender-blind
5869:Gender quota
5842:Art movement
5611:Anti-fascist
5545:Dianic Wicca
5424:Postfeminism
5299:Xenofeminism
5282:Postcolonial
5199:Sex-positive
4658:Gender-blind
4537:Human rights
4357:Racial quota
4344:
4324:Jewish quota
4304:Gerontocracy
4299:Gender roles
4277:Disabilities
4262:Blood purity
4228:Wife selling
4218:White flight
4198:Slut-shaming
4178:Scapegoating
4096:Murder music
3751:Palestinians
3694:Anti-Zionism
3562:South Africa
3547:Black people
3525:South Africa
3333:Christianity
3323:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
3238:Sectarianism
3178:Heterosexism
3143:Ephebiphobia
3113:Anti-Masonry
2974:Hair texture
2852:
2819:
2804:
2795:
2775:
2743:
2724:
2720:
2688:
2680:Annie Kenney
2660:
2635:
2608:
2594:
2586:marital rape
2563:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2513:
2503:
2484:Marriage bar
2452:
2440:Saudi Arabia
2437:
2420:
2418:
2403:
2391:
2338:
2335:
2311:
2287:Philosopher
2286:
2274:Marilyn Frye
2267:
2260:
2250:
2241:
2230:Ida B. Wells
2208:
2201:
2196:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2161:
2116:gender roles
2087:
2086:
1856:Gender-blind
1735:Human rights
1555:Racial quota
1542:
1522:Jewish quota
1502:Gerontocracy
1497:Gender roles
1475:Disabilities
1460:Blood purity
1426:Wife selling
1416:White flight
1396:Slut-shaming
1376:Scapegoating
1294:Murder music
949:Palestinians
892:Anti-Zionism
760:South Africa
745:Black people
723:South Africa
531:Christianity
521:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
436:Sectarianism
376:Heterosexism
341:Ephebiphobia
311:Anti-Masonry
172:Hair texture
50:
23911:Comic books
23836:Art critics
23758:South Korea
23738:Philippines
23718:New Zealand
23713:Netherlands
23444:Pornography
23432:Metaphysics
23373:Criminology
23368:Archaeology
23341:Film theory
23042:Women's Day
22782:Ecofeminist
22641:Reactionary
22589:Materialist
22364:Switzerland
22359:New Zealand
22278:Fourth-wave
22261:Second-wave
22004:Questioning
21877:orientation
21796:Mudoko dako
21756:Femminiello
21668:Transsexual
21646:Trans woman
21629:Transgender
21166:Nonviolence
21161:LGBT rights
21126:Empowerment
21094:Anti-racism
21016:Segregation
20961:No kid zone
20761:Persecution
20674:Hate speech
20625:Gay bashing
20600:Ethnic joke
20555:Dog whistle
20500:Blood libel
20178:Azerbaijani
20082:Neopaganism
20075:Persecution
20036:Persecution
20019:Persecution
19982:Catholicism
19962:Exclusivism
19912:Transphobia
19895:Supremacism
19850:Lesbophobia
19770:Aporophobia
19735:Anti-autism
19586:Taste-based
19581:Statistical
19433:Basic Books
18947:(4): 5â27.
18660:amnesty.org
18640:October 18,
18003:McGraw-Hill
17718:November 6,
17692:November 6,
17533:Smithsonian
17183:. Page 259.
17131:December 4,
17126:nces.ed.gov
16693:December 4,
15729:December 3,
15630:December 4,
15458:January 20,
15357:January 20,
14428:(5): 1129.
14203:December 1,
13957:Rae Langton
13909:December 1,
13482:January 16,
13105:(1): 49â79.
12136:Osel, ibid.
11941:December 3,
11851:December 3,
11656:(1): 1â32.
11386:(in French)
11300:December 1,
10949:(in French)
10848:(in French)
9996:Manne, Kate
9705:(1): 3â16.
8835:fornication
8654:Provocation
8628:In several
8586:Uttarakhand
8560:and China.
8219:Balochistan
8131:Dowry death
8072:Middle Ages
7995:Middle East
7981:Bride price
7924:Transphobia
7843:genderqueer
7681:pornography
7665:Pornography
7552:Violability
7545:Fungibility
7478:Example of
7453:transsexual
7449:trans woman
7358:unexplained
7284:and women.
6702:South Korea
6682:Philippines
6662:New Zealand
6657:Netherlands
6380:Pornography
6358:Metaphysics
6272:Criminology
6250:Film theory
6225:Archaeology
5904:Women's Day
5696:Libertarian
5638:Ecofeminism
5555:Ecofeminist
5436:Reactionary
5429:Neofeminism
5370:Multiracial
5275:Ecofeminist
5270:Materialist
5113:Switzerland
5093:New Zealand
4552:Nonviolence
4547:LGBT rights
4512:Empowerment
4480:Anti-racism
4394:Segregation
4339:No kid zone
4133:Persecution
4046:Hate speech
3997:Gay bashing
3972:Ethnic joke
3927:Dog whistle
3872:Blood libel
3542:Azerbaijani
3438:Neopaganism
3431:Persecution
3392:Persecution
3375:Persecution
3338:Catholicism
3318:Exclusivism
3260:Transphobia
3243:Supremacism
3198:Lesbophobia
3118:Aporophobia
3083:Anti-autism
2920:Taste-based
2915:Statistical
2862:In language
2843:Bettie Page
2651:Navi Pillay
2649:. In 2012,
2631:bride price
2615:Afghanistan
2570:bride price
2506:English law
2414:Christendom
2257:Susan Fiske
2253:Rhoda Unger
2120:stereotypes
1750:Nonviolence
1745:LGBT rights
1710:Empowerment
1678:Anti-racism
1592:Segregation
1537:No kid zone
1331:Persecution
1244:Hate speech
1195:Gay bashing
1170:Ethnic joke
1125:Dog whistle
1070:Blood libel
740:Azerbaijani
636:Neopaganism
629:Persecution
590:Persecution
573:Persecution
536:Catholicism
516:Exclusivism
458:Transphobia
441:Supremacism
396:Lesbophobia
316:Aporophobia
281:Anti-autism
118:Taste-based
113:Statistical
58:Suffragette
24042:Chauvinism
24031:Categories
23901:Literature
23846:Economists
23566:Bangladesh
23500:By country
23449:Psychology
23405:Empiricism
23400:Aesthetics
23395:Philosophy
23254:Patriarchy
23234:Matriarchy
23038:Girl's Day
23012:Girl power
22985:In hip hop
22908:Literature
22838:Indigenous
22777:Reclaiming
22673:Standpoint
22646:Separatism
22619:Postmodern
22513:Vegetarian
22503:Difference
22446:Analytical
22273:Third-wave
22256:First-wave
22040:Asociality
21994:Polysexual
21962:Demisexual
21932:Bi-curious
21911:Homosexual
21879:identities
21846:Two-spirit
21751:Fakafifine
21746:Fa'afafine
21688:Androgynos
21537:identities
21528:identities
21440:Stereotype
21435:Speciesism
21316:Oppression
21311:Oikophobia
21207:Allophilia
21191:Toleration
21048:Sodomy law
20941:Internment
20861:Witch-hunt
20739:Blackhawks
20669:Hate group
20657:Hate crime
20630:Gendercide
20620:Freak show
20610:Excellence
20570:Employment
20540:Defamation
20467:Vietnamese
20462:Venezuelan
20347:Lithuanian
20009:Falun Gong
19939:Xenophobia
19934:Vegaphobia
19917:Non-binary
19875:Pedophobia
19840:Homophobia
19662:Skin color
19622:Disability
19595:Attributes
19576:Structural
19401:Hurst, C.
18584:August 30,
18108:GlobalPost
18036:August 26,
17470:. p.
17392:. UNESCO.
17246:. p.
17207:. p.
17203:. Urbana:
15931:. p. 113.
15899:. p. 108.
15319:August 26,
15290:August 26,
15225:Seal Press
14938:Body Image
14580:walnet.org
14512:. US Legal
14375:Think Tank
14350:(1st ed),
14255:. (1977).
13751:August 26,
13722:Herald Sun
12020:August 26,
11367:January 8,
10852:August 26,
10100:B000W595CC
10027:. Boston:
9740:"Sexism".
9416:Psychology
9185:Also see:
9088:References
9023:Patriarchy
8983:Matriarchy
8867:training.
8824:ostracized
8795:People in
8558:Uzbekistan
8511:South Asia
8507:Gendercide
8401:unbreeched
8392:DressMaker
8334:See also:
7922:See also:
7877:, such as
7847:non-binary
7794:See also:
7715:requests.
7669:See also:
7659:billboards
7657:'s ban of
7566:Denial of
7517:Denial of
7424:See also:
7408:Overweight
7380:hysteresis
7094:See also:
6999:See also:
6898:Categories
6800:Literature
6510:Bangladesh
6385:Psychology
6331:Empiricism
6326:Aesthetics
6321:Philosophy
6195:Patriarchy
6180:Matriarchy
5900:Girl's Day
5874:Girl power
5847:In hip hop
5770:Literature
5728:Separatist
5706:Postmodern
5672:Difference
5606:Analytical
5550:Reclaiming
5358:Indigenous
5263:Standpoint
5192:Separatist
5044:by country
4834:Stereotype
4829:Speciesism
4710:Oppression
4705:Oikophobia
4601:Allophilia
4577:Toleration
4426:Sodomy law
4319:Internment
4233:Witch-hunt
4111:Blackhawks
4041:Hate group
4029:Hate crime
4002:Gendercide
3992:Freak show
3982:Excellence
3942:Employment
3912:Defamation
3831:Vietnamese
3826:Venezuelan
3711:Lithuanian
3365:Falun Gong
3287:Xenophobia
3282:Vegaphobia
3265:Non-binary
3223:Pedophobia
3188:Homophobia
3004:Skin color
2964:Disability
2935:Attributes
2910:Structural
2828:See also:
2798:March 2021
2496:poster in
2378:Witch hunt
2289:Kate Manne
2270:bell hooks
2032:Stereotype
2027:Speciesism
1908:Oppression
1903:Oikophobia
1799:Allophilia
1775:Toleration
1624:Sodomy law
1517:Internment
1431:Witch-hunt
1309:Blackhawks
1239:Hate group
1227:Hate crime
1200:Gendercide
1190:Freak show
1180:Excellence
1140:Employment
1110:Defamation
1029:Vietnamese
1024:Venezuelan
909:Lithuanian
563:Falun Gong
485:Xenophobia
480:Vegaphobia
463:Non-binary
421:Pedophobia
386:Homophobia
202:Skin color
162:Disability
133:Attributes
108:Structural
23656:Argentina
23616:Indonesia
23606:Hong Kong
23561:Australia
23461:Seriality
23385:Geography
23311:Sociology
23264:Economics
23249:Kyriarchy
22740:Christian
22720:Religious
22661:Socialist
22451:Anarchist
22396:States of
22334:Australia
22014:TakatÄpui
21989:Pansexual
21942:Ex-ex-gay
21781:Koekchuch
21761:GĂŒevedoce
21681:and sexes
21651:Fakaleitī
21641:Trans man
21634:Akava'ine
21584:Cisgender
21574:Androgyne
21413:Christian
21341:Prejudice
21289:Masculism
21237:Diversity
21031:religious
21006:Redlining
20605:Ethnocide
20565:Education
20452:Ukrainian
20382:Pakistani
20372:Mongolian
20293:Australia
20275:Hungarian
20230:Colombian
20210:Bulgarian
20092:Rastafari
20041:Ahmadiyya
19949:Religious
19927:Trans men
19885:Pregnancy
19820:Gayphobia
19815:Fatphobia
19720:Acephobia
19715:Arophobia
19699:Viewpoint
19304:145006661
19290:: 46â61.
19233:March 31,
19201:March 31,
19173:March 31,
19133:ignored (
19123:cite book
19113:March 31,
19076:March 31,
18898:Lisak, D.
18743:157714160
18708:149991197
18520:March 31,
18369:144833987
18315:March 31,
18285:March 31,
18255:March 31,
18229:March 31,
18137:March 31,
18087:March 31,
18062:March 31,
17884:March 31,
17853:March 31,
17666:March 31,
17565:March 31,
17539:March 16,
17515:. London.
17487:March 11,
17367:: 27â41.
16983:April 18,
16956:145693091
16921:146588435
16763:Telegraph
16578:March 31,
16522:March 16,
16414:: 71â91.
16364:0362-4331
16121:April 26,
16024:April 25,
15982:cite book
15972:April 25,
15842:. Polis.
15822:April 26,
15789:April 26,
15678:March 31,
15652:March 31,
15520:March 31,
15430:March 31,
15167:March 31,
15110:March 31,
15028:144338846
14922:144253671
14887:144040468
14800:143146656
14786:: 34â45.
14733:March 31,
14674:March 31,
14558:145263451
14516:March 19,
14442:0042-6601
14405:. London.
14259:. 333 p.
14179:. p. 147.
14016:145272074
14008:0361-6843
13780:April 30,
13776:. Fortune
13644:154793796
13572:154536609
13521:145245044
13413:2315-0807
13356:1468-0297
13017:153671276
12510:CiteSeerX
12376:144717322
12334:April 23,
12189:663427461
12103:March 31,
12015:0362-4331
11789:March 31,
11763:March 31,
11736:144788626
11715:Sex Roles
11678:147319093
11612:0033-362X
11513:145574989
11505:1743-923X
11322:August 1,
11278:April 18,
11178:March 11,
11144:April 17,
11111:March 31,
11058:March 31,
11036:March 31,
11008:April 17,
10797:April 25,
10765:March 31,
10740:March 31,
10708:April 17,
10645:189873867
10623:CiteSeerX
10596:April 17,
10458:March 15,
10234:this note
10203:Routledge
10153:et passim
9875:968304061
9813:243941681
9775:468109511
9757:Sociology
9719:0003-1283
9640:April 20,
9625:Routledge
9103:Sources:
8978:Masculism
8888:Androcide
8797:Bangalore
8535:East Asia
8403:and wore
8316:textbooks
8251:Education
8235:execution
8099:Singapore
8068:Antiquity
8003:virginity
7891:cissexism
7599:Silencing
7559:Ownership
7530:Inertness
6788:Feminists
6600:Argentina
6560:Indonesia
6550:Hong Kong
6505:Australia
6412:Sociology
6294:Geography
6284:Economics
6175:Male gaze
6170:Kyriarchy
5631:Networked
5513:Christian
5248:Jineology
5236:Anarchist
5226:Socialist
5106:Francoist
5058:Australia
5004:Timelines
4807:Christian
4735:Prejudice
4683:Masculism
4631:Diversity
4409:religious
4384:Redlining
3977:Ethnocide
3937:Education
3816:Ukrainian
3746:Pakistani
3736:Mongolian
3657:Australia
3639:Hungarian
3594:Colombian
3574:Bulgarian
3448:Rastafari
3397:Ahmadiyya
3303:Religious
3275:Trans men
3233:Pregnancy
3168:Gayphobia
3163:Fatphobia
3068:Acephobia
3063:Arophobia
3039:Viewpoint
2855:Empirical
2790:talk page
2643:sexuality
2510:coverture
2468:Coverture
2358:Confucian
2210:Sociology
2092:prejudice
2005:Christian
1933:Prejudice
1881:Masculism
1829:Diversity
1607:religious
1582:Redlining
1175:Ethnocide
1135:Education
1014:Ukrainian
944:Pakistani
934:Mongolian
855:Australia
837:Hungarian
792:Colombian
772:Bulgarian
646:Rastafari
595:Ahmadiyya
501:Religious
473:Trans men
431:Pregnancy
366:Gayphobia
361:Fatphobia
266:Acephobia
261:Arophobia
237:Viewpoint
24021:Feminism
23972:Category
23906:American
23778:Thailand
23733:Pakistan
23703:Malaysia
23686:Paraguay
23676:Honduras
23524:Ethiopia
23390:Pedagogy
23316:Rhetoric
23306:Sexology
23299:Womanist
23294:Thealogy
23289:Theology
23087:Misogyny
22955:Femicide
22940:Equality
22889:Concepts
22804:Orthodox
22767:Neopagan
22755:Womanist
22735:Buddhist
22703:Africana
22698:Womanism
22594:Maternal
22584:Lipstick
22550:Activism
22520:Equality
22486:Cultural
22471:Carceral
22406:Virginia
22386:Timeline
22329:Timeline
22266:timeline
22251:Timeline
22228:Feminism
22151:Intersex
22129:See also
22116:Sapphism
21901:Bisexual
21861:X-gender
21836:Travesti
21811:NĂĄdleehi
21724:Chibados
21656:Mak nyah
21470:Category
21452:The talk
21388:Snobbery
21306:Net bias
21136:Feminism
21063:Ugly law
20904:Catholic
20872:policies
20719:Mortgage
20714:Lynching
20645:examples
20640:Genocide
20560:Economic
20545:Democide
20505:Bullying
20417:Scottish
20412:Romanian
20377:Nigerian
20320:Japanese
20255:Georgian
20240:Filipino
20173:Assyrian
20146:Armenian
20136:American
20131:Albanian
20113:National
20097:Yazidism
20014:Hinduism
19972:Buddhism
19870:Nepotism
19865:Misogyny
19860:Misandry
19785:Clannism
19780:Biphobia
19725:Adultism
19642:Language
19512:Archived
19435:, 2013.
19265:. 2012.
19153:BBC News
19070:BBC News
19007:(1975).
18865:June 14,
18840:June 14,
18805:June 14,
18765:June 14,
18443:July 20,
18332:Archived
18157:BBC News
18056:BBC News
17944:July 15,
17878:Archived
17874:BBC News
17829:Archived
17741:Newsroom
17660:BBC News
17642:BBC News
17600:, p. 166
17559:BBC News
17443:March 8,
17434:Archived
17338:June 14,
17316:July 20,
17157:July 20,
17105:13244502
17074:(2009).
16795:July 20,
16767:Archived
16666:Archived
16644:Archived
16621:Archived
16552:July 20,
16234:March 8,
16229:Truthout
16199:Archived
16115:Archived
16079:Archived
16075:CBC News
15897:Springer
15816:Archived
15739:cite web
15698:IRINnews
15672:BBC News
15410:27708501
15219:(2007).
15078:26438425
15070:18056796
14959:19815476
14714:(1988).
14469:Archived
14295:. London
14129:April 6,
14124:BBC News
14057:30977582
13854:June 17,
13848:The Tyee
13827:NBC News
13806:June 21,
13454:55685704
13364:15210316
13247:July 20,
13172:Archived
13077:Archived
12881:54763679
12760:40326127
12702:53589814
12649:June 14,
12623:25870272
12421:55946209
12242:Archived
12219:Archived
12078:40545648
12043:BBC News
11951:cite web
11910:26245038
11902:12845944
11861:cite web
11443:June 14,
11421:June 11,
11256:(2012).
11188:cite web
11029:BBC News
10953:June 14,
10926:June 14,
10915:Le Temps
10890:cite web
10880:June 14,
10665:July 20,
10568:July 20,
10543:July 20,
10516:Archived
10406:June 20,
10380:June 20,
10374:Archived
10345:June 20,
10266:. p. 01.
10248:Archived
10237:Archived
10218:March 2,
10184:(3): 87.
10132:March 2,
10075:March 2,
9998:(2019).
9857:SOC 2018
9678:June 20,
9556:"Sexism"
9379:(2010).
9370:females.
9346:(2000).
9263:(2007).
9252:Defines
9190:"Sexism"
9003:Misogyny
8998:Misandry
8913:Feminism
8908:Femicide
8871:See also
8851:War rape
8845:War rape
8839:adultery
8666:adultery
8539:Caucasus
8523:Pakistan
8420:leaders.
8355:Louis XV
8285:literacy
8141:Cambodia
8070:and the
8041:Military
8035:Ethiopia
7956:Examples
7712:coercion
7538:activity
7519:autonomy
7436:protect
7353:Eurostat
7245:Eurostat
7234:Eurostat
7187:tokenism
7040:such as
6783:Articles
6722:Thailand
6677:Pakistan
6647:Malaysia
6630:Paraguay
6620:Honduras
6468:Ethiopia
6422:Theology
6407:Sexology
6402:Sex wars
6316:Pedagogy
6069:Outlooks
5949:Misogyny
5817:Femicide
5802:Equality
5753:Concepts
5718:Cultural
5677:Equality
5658:Stiletto
5653:Lipstick
5577:Orthodox
5540:Neopagan
5528:Womanist
5508:Buddhist
5456:Embedded
5451:Imperial
5446:Carceral
5419:Maternal
5380:Womanism
5068:Colombia
4955:Canadian
4945:American
4902:Feminism
4894:a series
4892:Part of
4846:The talk
4782:Snobbery
4700:Net bias
4522:Feminism
4441:Ugly law
4282:Catholic
4248:Policies
4091:Mortgage
4086:Lynching
4017:examples
4012:Genocide
3932:Economic
3917:Democide
3877:Bullying
3781:Scottish
3776:Romanian
3741:Nigerian
3684:Japanese
3619:Georgian
3604:Filipino
3537:Assyrian
3510:Armenian
3500:American
3495:Albanian
3475:national
3453:Yazidism
3370:Hinduism
3328:Buddhism
3218:Nepotism
3213:Misogyny
3208:Misandry
3133:Clannism
3128:Biphobia
3073:Adultism
2984:Language
2871:a series
2869:Part of
2849:in 1952.
2784:You may
2610:de facto
2528:Eswatini
2448:Tanzania
2297:misogyny
2204:ideology
2044:The talk
1980:Snobbery
1898:Net bias
1720:Feminism
1639:Ugly law
1480:Catholic
1446:Policies
1289:Mortgage
1284:Lynching
1215:examples
1210:Genocide
1130:Economic
1115:Democide
1075:Bullying
979:Scottish
974:Romanian
939:Nigerian
882:Japanese
817:Georgian
802:Filipino
735:Assyrian
708:Armenian
698:American
693:Albanian
673:national
651:Yazidism
568:Hinduism
526:Buddhism
416:Nepotism
411:Misogyny
406:Misandry
331:Clannism
326:Biphobia
271:Adultism
182:Language
69:a series
67:Part of
24009:Society
23995:Portals
23918:Parties
23793:Ukraine
23788:Vietnam
23698:Lebanon
23596:Germany
23586:Finland
23581:Denmark
23556:Albania
23544:Senegal
23539:Nigeria
23454:Therapy
23437:Science
23348:Biology
22865:Mizrahi
22833:Chicana
22794:Islamic
22730:Atheist
22666:Marxist
22636:Radical
22572:Liberal
22567:Lesbian
22545:Hip hop
22525:Eugenic
22466:Atheist
22439:General
22411:Wyoming
22244:General
22236:History
21979:Lesbian
21974:Khanith
21952:Gay men
21896:Asexual
21826:Sipiniq
21786:Lhamana
21771:Kathoey
21718:Calalai
21715:Calabai
21661:Rae-rae
21546:Genders
21480:Commons
21259:Figleaf
20684:Housing
20447:Turkish
20392:Pashtun
20362:Mexican
20342:Kurdish
20315:Italian
20265:Haitian
20250:Finnish
20225:Chinese
20220:Chechen
20215:Catalan
20205:Bengali
20126:African
20111:Ethnic/
20070:Judaism
20056:Sunnism
20046:Shi'ism
19957:Atheism
19790:Elitism
19689:Species
19627:Genetic
19617:Dialect
19349:102â117
18924:3210146
18543:236â239
17984:2584811
17059:. 2013.
17017:cia.gov
16280:AP News
16110:Reuters
15514:Hrw.org
15401:5044929
14450:1073402
12969:7435706
12922:4135276
12614:4418903
12591:Bibcode
12532:7816230
12162:4316075
11670:1389491
10828:4322925
10760:Hrw.org
10340:who.int
9982:9323470
9495:6703126
9065:Sources
8803:in 2012
8716:stoning
8592:. (See
8578:Haryana
8376:bulimia
8330:Fashion
8091:Finland
7869:author
7752:payment
7644:Denmark
7192:In the
7084:Chinese
7046:Spanish
6737:Ukraine
6732:Vietnam
6642:Lebanon
6540:Germany
6530:Finland
6525:Denmark
6500:Albania
6488:Senegal
6483:Nigeria
6390:Therapy
6363:science
6262:Biology
5713:Radical
5667:Liberal
5643:Eugenic
5567:Islamic
5503:Atheist
5351:Lesbian
5346:Chicana
5339:Ratchet
5334:Lesbian
5329:Hip hop
5253:Marxist
5177:Lesbian
5053:Austria
4950:British
4919:History
4653:Figleaf
4056:Housing
3811:Turkish
3756:Pashtun
3726:Mexican
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