422:
22:
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verbal in nature." It states that it is impossible to list all situations that might form such misconduct, but gives examples such as sexual advances with or without touching, sexual jokes, comments about sexual orientation, and questions about a person's sexual experiences. The Yoga
Alliance notes that it does not have the powers or resources of a country's law enforcement agencies, and encourages people to make use of those systems. Violations of the policy can be punished by actions from education incorrect conduct up to "revocation of Yoga Alliance membership and credentials".
2747:
555:, which describes the types of conduct that the British Wheel of Yoga, as the governing body of yoga in Britain, considers inappropriate for yoga teachers. It defines harassment as "any form of unwanted or unwelcome behaviour that violates peopleâs dignity or creates an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment." A complaints procedure enables any person to raise a complaint about such treatment, and the equality and diversity policy states that disciplinary action will be taken if the policy is violated.
2418:
332:
492:, that the guru-disciple relationship is dangerous because it embodies "the seductions, predictable patterns, and corruptions contained in any essentially authoritarian form". Jain however suggests that "surrender to a guru and his or her spiritual wares is not necessarily quantitatively or qualitatively different than surrender to a brand", both being linked to a person such as a guru, business leader, or "simply a celebrity".
88:
447:, analyses how the pupil's desire to be close to the guru and to "sacralize" bodily contact with the guru, along with authoritarian relationships between guru and pupils, facilitate sexual abuse by creating suitable social situations. She argues that instead of seeking causes in the personality or psychology of individual gurus, the root cause is "structural aspects of
714:(Wheel Pose) came over to help me and put his pubic bone against my pubic bone, so I could feel him completely. He had me do three or four drop-backs, and when I came up after the last one, I looked around and saw three of my students, who were in the class with me, looking at me, mouths hanging open.
543:
has published a policy on sexual misconduct; it describes the types of conduct considered inappropriate for yoga teachers in
America, and the procedures for reporting, reviewing, and investigating a grievance. It defines sexual misconduct as "Unwelcomed conduct of a sexual nature, whether physical or
511:
lacks the checks and balances of traditional systems: a yoga master in a local monastery has a reputation, as he and his family are known personally. Further, he suggests, westerners attracted by an Indian wisdom tradition have no effective tools to use to judge whether a supposed guru is competent,
480:
as "like receiving an electric charge", and observes that "In modern global
Hinduism, guru sex scandals have become so ubiquitous that they have become the foremost representation of the guru, certainly in the popular media", giving a long list of well-known gurus in the 2010s, and another list of
390:
such as celebrity yoga teachers into close contact with strangers, anywhere in the world, in "milieus where the religious affiliations, function, status, and role of the guru may not be well understood" and accordingly, the old restraints are no longer in place. They note that the western world is
946:
one of four women who are suing an upstate New York Agni Yoga group and its guru for fraud, invasion of privacy, and the infliction of severe emotional distress. The women maintain that they were enticed into sexual relationships with the guru, onetime
Broadway actor John Battista, while in
385:
of yoga has radically changed the nature and role of the guru. The medieval relationship between guru and shishya was one-to-one, well-understood in traditional Hindu society, based on trust developed over many years of instruction. The modern situation may bring
515:
The psychotherapist Josna
Pankhania and the yoga teacher and researcher Jacqueline Hargreaves write that "shocking levels of abuse were deeply entrenched" in Satyananda's Mangrove Mountain ashram in Australia in the 1970s. In their view, this was protected by a
2035:
Nguyen-Feng, V. N.; Morrissette, J.; Lewis-Dmello, A.; Michel, H.; Anders, D.; Wagner, C.; Clark, C. J. (2018). "Trauma-sensitive yoga as an adjunctive mental health treatment for survivors of intimate partner violence: a qualitative examination".
467:
is "generated, concentrated, and apotheosized." She observes further that the spiritual power of gurus is created by belief among their devotees that they embody "cosmic energetic forces", personified in
Hinduism as the goddess
399:(finding "one's own truth") that they call "spiritual empiricism", also militate against respecting gurus, or indeed having one at all; the prevailing attitude is, they suggest, summed up in the title of the psychiatrist
190:, stated that Swami Satyananda "engaged in 'aggressive, violent sex' with numerous women and may have raped a seven-year-old" child, although no finding was made against Satyananda in the Commission's final report.
667:
Other yoga masters have also been involved in sexual abuse scandals with their students, notably, Kausthub
Desikachar, Sai Baba, Swami Shyam, Swami Satchidananda, Swami Rama, Swami Muktananada, and Amrit
308:, and at least six women have brought sexual assault lawsuits against Choudhury. In 2016 he was ordered to pay Minakshi Jafa-Bodden over $ 900,000 for sexual harassment and her dismissal from the ashram.
844:
865:
825:
187:
1903:
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A particular issue is a yoga teacher's use of touch to adjust a client in a pose. This can present ethical challenges, and has long been controversial. In the specific context of
136:), noted that several other gurus had been similarly accused, but released "without a befitting punishment". Other sources listed those same gurus, and named others including
220:
stated that they had been having sexual relations with Yee for some time; Yee was sued for breach of contract, the claim alleging multiple sexual affairs with his students.
3180:
610:
567:, touch is explicitly excluded, as it could remind clients of their traumas. In other contexts, the use of touch may not be addressed specifically. For example, the
421:
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distrustful of the guru system, not least because of the many guru scandals concerning money, sex, and power. Modern western political and social beliefs, such as
1171:
1243:
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169:
232:
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805:
773:
911:
208:(Yogi Bhajan) has been posthumously accused of sexual misconduct; an investigation found the allegations "more likely than not" to be true. The
1591:
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1069:
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A self-styled Indian spiritual guru who claims millions of followers worldwide has been given a life sentence for raping a 16-year-old girl.
1314:
959:
662:
960:"Report of An Olive Branch into Allegations of Misconduct â Ethics & Professional Standards & Conscious Conflict Resolution (EPS)"
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1678:
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727:
1229:
1103:
893:
1017:
629:
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686:
1295:
180:'s ashrams, noting "the deafening silence in the US yoga community and widespread failure to acknowledge these allegations."
2137:
1871:
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1637:
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1532:
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1402:
991:"Yogi Bhajan Turned an L.A. Yoga Studio into a Juggernaut, and Left Two Generations of Followers Reeling from Alleged Abuse"
451:
physicality, haptic logics, which tend to produce these social effects." Lucia notes that one element of this is the guru's
2000:
Toof, Jennifer (2021). "Rehabilitative Yoga and
Mindfulness Counseling Interventions with People Who are Incarcerated".
2071:
Emerson, D.; Sharma, R.; Chaudhry, S.; Turner, J. (2009). "Trauma-sensitive yoga: principles, practice, and research".
1904:"Cyndi Lee Interviews Matthew Remski about Working Through the Abuse Crisis in Modern Yoga and Buddhism (+ transcript)"
1496:
517:
2098:
Calmes, S. A.; Piazza, N. J.; Laux, J. M. (2013). "The use of touch in counseling: An ethical decision-making model".
1979:
1950:
1361:
3373:
1269:
1117:"Yoga guru in compromising position / Celebrity instructor Rodney Yee faces allegations of misconduct with students"
499:, who has written a book on the abuse and cult dynamics in Jois's Ashtanga yoga, suggests in an interview with the
378:
1929:
429:
personifies the sacred "cosmic energetic force" that some devotees believe attracts them to a guru. 12th century,
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2316:
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568:
173:
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2634:
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21:
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has arisen partly in reaction against the patriarchal and sometimes abusive lineages of yoga led by gurus.
443:
2718:
1251:
370:
had been practised in secret by solitary, ascetic yogins, learning the tradition as a long-term pupil or
407:. In India, too, the great wealth of some celebrity gurus has attracted suspicion, just as in the West.
3571:
2331:
2164:
336:
326:
285:, an American chain of yoga studios, was closed in 2020 following "hundreds" of accusations of abuse.
191:
177:
829:
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3367:
3344:
3289:
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2441:
2351:
2256:
1315:"Popular yoga studio chain in the Bay Area closes amid allegations of sexual assault, discrimination"
213:
1803:
1599:
1424:
1093:
3125:
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1512:
863:
824:
571:
does not directly address the use of touch in its guidance to yoga and mindfulness practitioners.
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guru in New York State, was charged with sexually abusing four of his female followers in 1993.
3622:
3617:
3058:
2573:
205:
1773:
Yogi superman, master capitalist: Bikram
Choudhury and the religion of commercial spirituality
1771:
1674:"Guru Sex: Charisma, Proxemic Desire, and the Haptic Logics of the Guru-Disciple Relationship"
3653:
3329:
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1986:
703:
564:
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organisation has investigated allegations of abuse and rape made against its former leader
8:
3301:
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2889:
2820:
2793:
2730:
2507:
2341:
2266:
2236:
1094:"Statement by the Board of Directors of The International Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres"
849:
472:. She quotes Tulasi Srinivas on how devotees physically longed for proximity to the guru
430:
396:
289:
263:, of making different adjustments of yoga postures for his female students than for men.
182:
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125:
72:
56:
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2017:
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711:
282:
137:
1864:
Practice and All is Coming : abuse, cult dynamics, and healing in yoga and beyond
1172:"'Under Swami's spell': 14 tourists claim sexual assault by guru at Thai yoga retreat"
3602:
3243:
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3019:
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2894:
2798:
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2187:
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781:
584:
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48:
29:
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around the world, was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2018 for rape by a court in
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2009:
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1524:
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322:
256:
117:
91:
68:
52:
39:
is the exploitation of the position of trust occupied by a master of any branch of
25:
2013:
990:
884:, Keith Platt, Mornington Peninsula News, 20 January 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
864:
Royal
Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (April 2016).
3607:
3148:
3053:
3035:
3012:
2966:
2867:
2611:
2492:
2326:
1708:
1149:
473:
129:
1222:"Good Touch, Bad Touch: Gurus, Power, and Adjusting vs. Groping on the Yoga Mat"
1018:"Master of Deceit: How Yogi Bhajan Used Kundalini Yoga for Money, Sex and Power"
912:"Alan Arkin on Hollywood success: 'I was miserable pretty much all of the time'"
728:"'He got away with it': how the founder of Bikram yoga built an empire on abuse"
630:"Master of Deceit: How Yogi Bhajan Used Kundalini Yoga for Money, Sex and Power"
3527:
3421:
3362:
3349:
3295:
3263:
3079:
3073:
3068:
3048:
2956:
2899:
2877:
2545:
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2522:
2512:
2502:
2487:
1907:
1899:
1488:
1265:
614:
496:
392:
359:
209:
194:
was reported to have had "tantric" sex with some 40 of his yoga school pupils.
141:
104:
2147:
1881:
3642:
3532:
3492:
3476:
3354:
3258:
3215:
3172:
3110:
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2713:
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2585:
2421:
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2281:
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2211:
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1954:
1848:
1753:
1629:
1621:
1576:
1466:
785:
540:
520:
and denial prevails at the highest level of the Satyananda Yoga community".
400:
382:
293:
76:
1692:
1673:
1647:
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3513:
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3465:
3431:
3339:
3156:
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2684:
2639:
1047:
916:
810:
732:
690:
500:
448:
251:
196:
149:
109:
95:
44:
1592:"Yoga: James Mallinson uncovers the ancient traditions of the great yogis"
3597:
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3426:
3395:
3306:
2991:
2979:
2387:
2356:
2241:
2226:
2201:
1820:
1767:
747:
611:"International Yoga Day: 5 yoga gurus who were accused of sexual assault"
485:
344:
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297:
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161:
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145:
121:
64:
60:
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2286:
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2049:
552:
367:
355:
273:
236:
217:
165:
153:
2540:
845:"Yoga guru was violent sexual abuser, Australia royal commission told"
806:"Yoga ashram didn't consider sex abuse a crime, royal commission told"
477:
3141:
2996:
2961:
2535:
2517:
1895:
1552:
1442:
504:
456:
434:
331:
247:
was accused by at least 14 yoga students of sexual assault and rape.
228:
201:
2156:
3498:
3284:
2974:
2862:
2708:
2433:
2306:
1387:; Goldberg, Ellen (2014). Singleton, Mark; Goldberg, Ellen (eds.).
1362:"Hot-Yoga Guru Ordered to Pay $ 925K in Sexual-Harassment Judgment"
1044:"A New Report Details Decades of Abuse at the Hands of Yogi Bhajan"
938:
Dranov, Paula (December 1994). "The frightening lure of the cult".
826:
Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse
707:
452:
244:
188:
Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse
2028:
897:
488:
cites what Joel Kramer and Diana Alstad wrote in their 1994 book
371:
305:
1198:"Alleged 'sex cult' yoga retreat on Koh Phangan operating again"
2311:
1270:"Yoga's Culture of Sexual Abuse: Nine Women Tell Their Stories"
1145:"Elle Report: Why Do Sex Scandals Keep Rocking the Yoga World?"
663:"Modern Yoga: Turning a Blind Eye on Sexual Abuse Allegations?"
469:
464:
426:
301:
87:
2635:
International Association of Yoga Therapists ⢠Richard Miller
2479:
1340:"Asaram Bapu: Indian guru sentenced to life for raping girl"
3587:
2382:
2070:
1595:
1070:"2020-08-10 An Olive Branch Report to 3HO re YB Abuses.pdf"
113:
40:
1928:
Pankhania, Josna; Hargreaves, Jacqueline (December 2017).
1379:
1377:
1375:
1244:"Yoga Teacher FAILâŚIs that Pattabhi Jois? [photo]"
1343:
1097:
551:'s 'Equality and Diversity Policy' contains a section on
362:
in India in the 20th century, influenced by the popular
1372:
947:
trancelike states induced during private yoga sessions.
267:
stated that Jois touched women inappropriately, as did
1826:
Selling Yoga : from Counterculture to Pop culture
1866:. Rangiora, New Zealand: Embodied Wisdom Publishing.
687:"#TimesUp: Ending Sexual Abuse in the Yoga Community"
605:
603:
601:
599:
1108:
481:
those of an earlier generation in the 20th century.
1927:
94:is one of many yoga gurus who have been accused of
1485:Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga: A Survey of Traditions
684:
596:
170:Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy
43:for personal sexual pleasure. Allegations of such
1554:Yoga Body: the origins of modern posture practice
1444:Yoga Body: the origins of modern posture practice
1383:
354:was created by the blending of Western styles of
337:traditional one-to-one guru-disciple relationship
3640:
2132:. Sheffield: Equinox Publishing. pp. 5â22.
2097:
1521:Haášha Yoga in the Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism
1115:Goodyear, Charlie; Marech, Rona (May 12, 2002).
216:. In 2002, several students of the yoga teacher
1888:
32:accused of sexual abuse, assisting a yoga pupil
1353:
1114:
512:as the whole tradition is unfamiliar to them.
2449:
2172:
1974:
1972:
1736:The Guru Papers: masks of authoritarian power
1306:
1296:"The Question Of Gurus: Who's Got The Power?"
656:
654:
652:
650:
2130:Post-Lineage Yoga : from Guru to #metoo
2064:
1945:
1943:
1815:
1813:
1733:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
798:
621:
440:The researcher Amanda Lucia, writing in the
339:has been overturned by the globalisation of
316:
1855:
1727:
1679:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
931:
903:
894:"Guru sex scandal at Mt Eliza yoga retreat"
3572:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
2456:
2442:
2179:
2165:
1969:
1614:
900:, 20 January 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
719:
647:
128:, grandson of the "father of modern yoga"
2124:
1940:
1894:
1810:
1691:
1654:
1547:
1511:
1479:
1437:
1359:
1136:
774:"Yoga and Sex Scandals: No Surprise Here"
680:
678:
676:
1312:
842:
627:
420:
330:
86:
20:
1706:
1195:
685:Yoga Journal Staff (12 February 2018).
235:, who is the founder and leader of the
82:
16:Allegation of sexual abuse by yoga guru
3641:
2002:Journal of Creativity in Mental Health
1861:
1589:
988:
937:
909:
843:Pearlman, Jonathan (4 December 2014).
725:
673:
2437:
2186:
2160:
2073:International Journal of Yoga Therapy
1776:. Taylor & Francis. p. 163.
1671:
1620:
1360:Lieberman, Samuel (26 January 2016).
771:
374:apprenticed to their master or guru.
311:
2463:
1999:
1819:
1766:
1734:Kramer, Joel; Alstad, Diana (2014).
1713:. Abhinav Publications. p. 59.
1142:
660:
534:
410:
381:and Ellen Goldberg comment that the
3111:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
2085:10.17761/ijyt.19.1.h6476p8084l22160
1770:(2018). Parsons, William B. (ed.).
1710:A Complete Guide to Hoysaḡa Temples
1332:
1250:, 14 September 2009, archived from
964:Ethics & Professional Standards
726:Horton, Adrian (20 November 2019).
476:, experiencing the sight of him in
13:
1264:
1096:. 16 December 2019. Archived from
397:individualisation of the religious
14:
3665:
3374:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga
2038:Spirituality in Clinical Practice
1313:Bartlett, Amanda (12 July 2020).
1293:
1228:. 9 December 2010. Archived from
882:"'Secret' sex shakes yoga school"
509:modern guru-follower relationship
2745:
2417:
2416:
2112:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2013.00025.x
989:Stuart, Gwynedd (15 July 2020).
772:Broad, William J. (2012-02-27).
661:Park, Tosca (11 February 2015).
2885:Yoga and cultural appropriation
2118:
2091:
1993:
1980:"Equality and Diversity Policy"
1921:
1760:
1700:
1583:
1541:
1505:
1473:
1431:
1287:
1258:
1236:
1214:
1189:
1164:
1086:
1062:
1036:
1010:
982:
952:
910:Brooks, Xan (18 October 2020).
887:
875:
857:
836:
583:Theodora Wildcroft writes that
569:American Counseling Association
558:
463:'s concept of the way that the
200:records that John Battista, an
1626:Feet of Clay: a study of gurus
1590:Neehan, Jack (21 March 2017).
1298:. YogaCity NYC. Archived from
1104:archived screenshot, same date
818:
765:
740:
628:Scofield, Be (March 5, 2020).
186:, reporting on the Australian
1:
2014:10.1080/15401383.2021.1921648
1951:"Policy on Sexual Misconduct"
1143:Moss, Rebecca (15 May 2013).
866:"Report of Case Study No. 21"
590:
1738:. Frog Books. p. xiii.
444:American Academy of Religion
377:The scholars of modern yoga
7:
574:
347:, Punjab Hills, India, 1740
225:Swami Vivekananda Saraswati
164:, a Vedic meditation guru;
10:
3670:
2873:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
2403:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
1989:. July 2006. pp. 4â5.
527:
414:
366:of the time. Before then,
320:
37:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
3628:Modern Yoginis (template)
3580:
3368:Vishnudevananda Saraswati
3290:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
3237:
3198:
3101:
3005:
2920:
2855:
2794:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga
2761:
2754:
2743:
2694:
2669:
2661:International Day of Yoga
2648:
2596:
2556:
2478:
2471:
2411:
2375:
2194:
706:: doing drop-backs from
523:
317:Changing role of the guru
231:yoga instructor, born as
108:, listing allegations of
3623:Yoga teachers (category)
3618:Yoga scholars (template)
3126:A History of Modern Yoga
1862:Remski, Matthew (2019).
1707:Foekema, Gerard (1996).
403:'s 1997 study of gurus,
239:center on the island of
3414:Satchidananda Saraswati
3165:The Path of Modern Yoga
2844:Autobiography of a Yogi
1831:Oxford University Press
1559:Oxford University Press
1449:Oxford University Press
1395:Oxford University Press
1122:San Francisco Chronicle
296:. For example, a guru,
71:. There have been some
47:have been made against
2574:European Union of Yoga
1672:Lucia, Amanda (2018).
1632:. p. Title page.
1519:; et al. (eds.).
1366:New York Intelligencer
1196:Thaiger (2019-02-02).
748:"Memories of a Master"
437:
348:
327:Guruâshishya tradition
206:Harbhajan Singh Khalsa
112:against multiple yoga
99:
33:
3330:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
2838:Paramahansa Yogananda
2618:Trauma-sensitive yoga
2569:British Wheel of Yoga
2100:Counseling and Values
1987:British Wheel of Yoga
1693:10.1093/jaarel/lfy025
1232:on 23 September 2011.
704:Judith Hanson Lasater
565:trauma-sensitive yoga
549:British Wheel of Yoga
530:Yoga teacher training
528:Further information:
424:
415:Further information:
334:
321:Further information:
288:There have been some
261:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
90:
24:
3613:List of yoga schools
3484:Yoga the Iyengar Way
3388:Satyananda Saraswati
3383:Bihar School of Yoga
3119:Yoga in Modern India
3028:Lilias, Yoga and You
2831:Seetharaman Sundaram
1930:"Culture of Silence"
1527:. pp. 770â781.
1100:on 17 December 2019.
996:Los Angeles Magazine
970:on 20 September 2020
581:scholar-practitioner
290:criminal convictions
83:Multiple allegations
73:criminal convictions
3440:Himalayan Institute
3302:T. K. V. Desikachar
3277:Swami Kuvalayananda
3091:Selvarajan Yesudian
2126:Wildcroft, Theodora
850:The Daily Telegraph
710:(Mountain Pose) to
431:Hoysaleswara Temple
358:with postures from
300:, who has some 400
183:The Daily Telegraph
134:Swami Satchidananda
126:Kausthub Desikachar
57:Kausthub Desikachar
3546:Beryl Bender Birch
3497:c. 1975
3328:c. 1948
3317:Srivatsa Ramaswami
3254:The Yoga Institute
3224:Breath of the Gods
2809:Genevieve Stebbins
2579:AndrĂŠ Van Lysebeth
2347:Sundarraja Iyengar
2292:Nirmala Srivastava
2050:10.1037/scp0000177
1491:. pp. 20â21.
814:. 4 December 2014.
778:The New York Times
712:Urdhva Dhanurasana
518:culture of silence
438:
425:The Hindu goddess
349:
312:Debate over causes
283:Yoga to the People
174:Swami Akhandananda
100:
34:
3636:
3635:
3608:Asanas (template)
3603:Post-lineage yoga
3233:
3232:
3189:The Story of Yoga
2942:Frank Jude Boccio
2799:Marguerite Agniel
2769:Early modern yoga
2741:
2740:
2431:
2430:
2393:Post-lineage yoga
2188:Modern yoga gurus
2139:978-1-78179-940-6
1873:978-0-473-47207-8
1840:978-0-19-939024-3
1783:978-1-351-60705-6
1745:978-1-58394-598-8
1720:978-81-7017-345-8
1639:978-0-00-638423-6
1568:978-0-19-539534-1
1534:978-90-04-27128-9
1481:BĂźhnemann, Gudrun
1458:978-0-19-539534-1
1451:. pp. 4â16.
1404:978-0-19-993871-1
1346:. 25 April 2018.
1302:on 27 March 2013.
1022:The Guru Magazine
585:post-lineage yoga
535:Sexual misconduct
495:The yoga teacher
484:The yoga scholar
417:Modern yoga gurus
411:Social mechanisms
388:modern yoga gurus
292:and lawsuits for
168:, founder of the
75:and lawsuits for
49:modern yoga gurus
28:, one of several
3661:
3649:Yoga as exercise
3471:B. K. S. Iyengar
3458:Bikram Choudhury
3335:K. Pattabhi Jois
3322:Vanda Scaravelli
3134:Positioning Yoga
2986:Paddleboard Yoga
2816:Physical culture
2804:Mary Bagot Stack
2759:
2758:
2749:
2656:Competitive yoga
2624:Restorative Yoga
2606:Yoga using props
2558:Teacher training
2508:Meditation seats
2476:
2475:
2465:Yoga as exercise
2458:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2420:
2419:
2398:Yoga as exercise
2337:Shiv Dayal Singh
2232:Bikram Choudhury
2181:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2032:
2026:
2025:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1902:(27 June 2019).
1892:
1886:
1885:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1787:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1669:
1652:
1651:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1598:. Archived from
1587:
1581:
1580:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1517:Knut A. Jacobsen
1513:Mallinson, James
1509:
1503:
1502:
1489:D. K. Printworld
1477:
1471:
1470:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1397:. pp. 4â8.
1381:
1370:
1369:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1050:. 15 August 2020
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
966:. Archived from
956:
950:
949:
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
907:
901:
896:, Miki Perkins,
891:
885:
879:
873:
872:
870:
861:
855:
854:
840:
834:
833:
828:(14 July 2017).
822:
816:
815:
802:
796:
795:
793:
792:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
744:
738:
737:
723:
717:
716:
699:
697:
682:
671:
670:
658:
645:
644:
642:
640:
625:
619:
618:
607:
459:, reinforced by
455:as described by
364:physical culture
352:Yoga as exercise
323:Yoga as exercise
257:K. Pattabhi Jois
178:Swami Satyananda
118:Bikram Choudhury
92:K. Pattabhi Jois
69:K. Pattabhi Jois
53:Bikram Choudhury
26:Bikram Choudhury
3669:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3576:
3241:
3229:
3194:
3181:Yoga in Britain
3149:The Subtle Body
3097:
3020:Yoga for Health
3001:
2967:Phillip Moffitt
2916:
2868:Science of yoga
2851:
2750:
2737:
2690:
2665:
2644:
2612:Accessible yoga
2592:
2552:
2527:Accompaniments
2493:Standing asanas
2467:
2462:
2432:
2427:
2407:
2371:
2352:Vishnudevananda
2327:Sathya Sai Baba
2257:Krishnamacharya
2222:Chidvilasananda
2190:
2185:
2155:
2140:
2123:
2119:
2096:
2092:
2069:
2065:
2033:
2029:
1998:
1994:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:The Luminescent
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1900:Remski, Matthew
1893:
1889:
1874:
1860:
1856:
1841:
1818:
1811:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1765:
1761:
1746:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1705:
1701:
1670:
1655:
1640:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1602:on 6 March 2019
1588:
1584:
1569:
1561:. p. 173.
1549:Singleton, Mark
1546:
1542:
1535:
1523:. Vol. 3.
1510:
1506:
1499:
1478:
1474:
1459:
1439:Singleton, Mark
1436:
1432:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1385:Singleton, Mark
1382:
1373:
1358:
1354:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1311:
1307:
1294:Lucas, Anneke.
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1266:Remski, Matthew
1263:
1259:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
987:
983:
973:
971:
958:
957:
953:
944:. p. 190.
936:
932:
922:
920:
908:
904:
892:
888:
880:
876:
868:
862:
858:
841:
837:
830:"Case Study 21"
823:
819:
804:
803:
799:
790:
788:
770:
766:
756:
754:
752:YogaJournal.com
746:
745:
741:
724:
720:
695:
693:
683:
674:
665:. Yoga Basics.
659:
648:
638:
636:
626:
622:
617:. 21 June 2018.
609:
608:
597:
593:
577:
561:
537:
532:
526:
490:The Guru Papers
442:Journal of the
419:
413:
329:
319:
314:
214:Vishnudevananda
130:Krishnamacharya
85:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3528:Jivamukti Yoga
3524:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3363:Sivananda Yoga
3359:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3350:Kino MacGregor
3347:
3342:
3337:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3296:Yoga Makaranda
3292:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3264:Hansa Yogendra
3261:
3249:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3080:Rachel Brathen
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2957:Jon Kabat-Zinn
2954:
2949:
2944:
2933:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2890:In advertising
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2878:Matthew Remski
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2789:Pierre Bernard
2786:
2785:
2784:
2776:
2765:
2763:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2546:Hasta Vinyasas
2543:
2538:
2533:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Sun Salutation
2510:
2505:
2503:Lotus position
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:List of asanas
2484:
2482:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2153:
2138:
2117:
2090:
2063:
2027:
1992:
1968:
1957:. 4 March 2019
1939:
1920:
1908:Matthew Remski
1887:
1872:
1854:
1839:
1833:. p. 93.
1809:
1782:
1759:
1744:
1726:
1719:
1699:
1686:(4): 953â988.
1653:
1638:
1622:Storr, Anthony
1613:
1582:
1567:
1540:
1533:
1504:
1498:978-8124604175
1497:
1472:
1457:
1430:
1403:
1371:
1352:
1331:
1305:
1286:
1257:
1254:on 5 June 2012
1235:
1213:
1188:
1163:
1135:
1107:
1085:
1061:
1035:
1024:. 5 March 2020
1009:
981:
951:
930:
902:
886:
874:
856:
835:
817:
797:
764:
739:
718:
672:
646:
620:
615:Indian Express
594:
592:
589:
576:
573:
560:
557:
536:
533:
525:
522:
497:Matthew Remski
461:Ămile Durkheim
412:
409:
393:egalitarianism
379:Mark Singleton
318:
315:
313:
310:
277:magazine, and
210:Sivananda Yoga
142:Satya Sai Baba
105:Indian Express
84:
81:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3666:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:Sharon Gannon
3531:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:Dharma Mittra
3490:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3477:Light on Yoga
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3409:Integral Yoga
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:Larry Schultz
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3272:Kaivalyadhama
3269:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Shri Yogendra
3257:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3216:Enlighten Up!
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3173:Roots of Yoga
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2905:Geeta Iyengar
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2719:Hugger Mugger
2717:
2715:
2714:Angela Farmer
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2678:Asana Journal
2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2586:Yoga Alliance
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
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3654:Sexual abuse
3559:Anusara Yoga
3522:Forrest Yoga
3514:Sarah Powers
3509:Paul Grilley
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3466:Iyengar Yoga
3432:Stephen Cope
3422:Kripalu Yoga
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2947:Anne Cushman
2937:Mindful Yoga
2912:Yoga tourism
2895:For children
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2842:
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2685:Yoga Journal
2683:
2676:
2640:Janice Gates
2498:Downward dog
2415:
2402:
2317:Ravi Shankar
2237:Gurmukh Kaur
2129:
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1768:Jain, Andrea
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1390:Introduction
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1230:the original
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1201:
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1178:. 2018-09-07
1176:the Guardian
1175:
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1148:
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1120:
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1098:the original
1088:
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1048:Yoga Journal
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1021:
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968:the original
963:
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917:The Guardian
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733:The Guardian
731:
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691:Yoga Journal
666:
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633:
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559:Use of touch
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501:Mindful Yoga
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241:Koh Pha Ngan
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195:
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150:Kripalu Yoga
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3564:John Friend
3504:Paulie Zink
3453:Bikram Yoga
3427:Amrit Desai
3396:Ananda Yoga
3307:A. G. Mohan
2992:Aerial yoga
2821:B. C. Ghosh
2774:Vivekananda
2388:Modern yoga
2357:Vivekananda
2272:Mahesh Yogi
2252:John Friend
2217:Beryl Birch
2202:Amrit Desai
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1074:Google Docs
1054:26 February
1028:26 February
1002:26 February
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486:Andrea Jain
345:Watercolour
341:modern yoga
298:Asaram Bapu
162:Swami Shyam
158:Siddha Yoga
146:Amrit Desai
138:John Friend
122:Bikram Yoga
65:Amrit Desai
61:Yogi Bhajan
3643:Categories
3593:Hatha yoga
3570:2006
3557:1997
3551:Bryan Kest
3541:Power Yoga
3539:1995
3526:1984
3520:1982
3491:1975
3464:1975
3451:1973
3445:Swami Rama
3438:1971
3420:1966
3407:1966
3401:Kriyananda
3394:1965
3381:1963
3361:1959
3345:Tim Miller
3312:Indra Devi
3283:1934
3270:1924
3252:1918
3221:2012
3213:2009
3205:2006
3186:2020
3178:2019
3170:2017
3162:2016
3154:2015
3139:2010
3131:2005
3116:2004
3108:1996
3006:By country
2990:2014
2984:2013
2973:2003
2935:1990
2931:Naked yoga
2929:1938
2826:K. V. Iyer
2778:1896
2726:Yoga pants
2704:Yoga brick
2630:Yoga nidra
2628:2008
2622:2007
2616:2002
2610:1979
2565:Standards
2287:Muktananda
2277:Meher Baba
2262:Kriyananda
2207:Anandamayi
2148:1152054676
1896:Lee, Cyndi
1882:1091354137
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1207:2022-01-27
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791:2022-12-18
591:References
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368:hatha yoga
360:Haášha yoga
356:gymnastics
274:The Walrus
237:Agama Yoga
218:Rodney Yee
176:at one of
166:Swami Rama
154:Muktananda
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3142:Yoga Body
2997:Beer yoga
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2900:For women
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2242:Harbhajan
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