Sexual violence in Finland

756:(National Crime Survey) have found numbers only close to one eighth of that. The FRA study included being grabbed or shoved by anyone as violence in the results of the questionnaire. In the study, 11 percent of Finnish women said to have experienced sexual violence by a non-partner, while the EU average for sexual violence by a non-partner is 6 percent. Furthermore, 11 percent of Finnish women said that they have experienced sexual violence by an intimate partner. This statistic is also higher than the EU average, which is 7 percent. According to a 1998 study by Markku Heiskanen and Minna Piispa one woman in five had at least experienced physical violence once by their present partner. One-half of those who had been victims of intimate partner violence had suffered some kind of physical injury from the assault, against one-third of those who had experienced non-partner violence. Over one out of four women who had lived in a violent couple relationship had sought for help at a shelter, the police, a lawyer's or a legal aid office or other institutions. The violence experienced by the women generally occurred in couple relationships. This study was carried out by taking a systematic sample of 7100 Finnish and Swedish-speaking women aged 18- to 74-year-olds from the Central Population Register. The 1753:

men, they are not worried about becoming victims of violence when walking alone in their area after dark: less than five percent of men said they felt unsafe. A study conducted by Markku Heiskanen and Elina Ruuskanen states that the most common form of sexual harassment experienced by men was indecent passes, touching or attempts to be kissed against one's will and that 14 percent of the men had such experiences after their 15th birthday, and almost 5 per cent in the last 12 months. However, according to Berdahl et al. (1996) in a considerable number of cases of what women would call sexual harassment, men do not consider the act as unwelcome or threatening, and that the consequences are not as damaging for men as they are for women.

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victims and to provide support for them by training authorities to be more sensitive when interacting with a victim of a sexual assault, which would in turn make the process easier on the victim as well as increase the probability that the case will be solved since the victim is more likely to feel like he/she is being taken seriously when his/her case is handled with a symphatetic attitude. The plan also aims to improve the already existing support systems. The last of the main principles is to bring the perpetrators to justice for their acts by improving the process of investigation more effective. This is to be achieved by revising the laws that handle sexual offences.

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the Rape Crisis Center Tukinainen has received, and also from police estimates. For example, according to the Rape Crisis Center, they receive 1000–1200 calls and attempted calls each month. People have become more likely to report an assault to the police in recent years. In 2000, there were 579 cases of rape and 504 cases of sexual assault of a child reported. These numbers have increased significantly since then, and in 2018, there were 1393 cases of rape and 1373 cases of sexual exploitation of a child reported. Younger people are at increased risk of violent victimization. The risk of physical assault is highest between the ages 15 and 34 years.

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of Social Affairs and Health. The Ministerial Working Group on Internal Security adopted the action plan in June 2010 to reduce the violence on women, and the goal of this plan is to proactively reduce violence by influencing attitudes and the ways people behave, improve the position of victims of sexual violence and the crisis assistance and support provided to them since it is recognized that these resources are in need of significant improvements.

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which is about 92 percent of solved rapes. In their briefing published in March 2012, the Finnish Department of Justice stated that with the reform that took place in 2011 (the characteristics of rape were expanded so that now sexual interaction with anyone who can be considered defenseless is in all circumstances a rape) it is expected that the number of cases where the accused is convicted of a rape will increase considerably.

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other, the victim presses charges for 19 percent of the cases. However, in these cases, the process often stops because the police cannot solve the crime, the case ends up being classified as not fulfilling the characteristics of a rape, or the victim requests that the charges be dropped. In a significant number of cases, a sufficient amount of evidence for a conviction is not available to the police.

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reform, the processing of rapes and other sexual assaults has become more efficient. More cases have been reported, and the police have been better able to solve them, increasing the number of convicted assaulters and therefore bringing the percentage of solved cases up to 64 percent in 2003, which is about 367 cases. Even at this increased rate of reporting,

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way severely harass this person." However, "if the person who feels threatened and the person against whom the restraining order is applied for live permanently in the same residence, a restraining order may be imposed to prevent an offense against life, health or liberty or a threat of such an offense (inside-the-family restraining order). (30.7.2004/711)"

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the offended. With respect to the native Finns, immigrants from Africa have seven times as high risk to be sexually offended and the immigrants with Vietnamese origins have a risk five times as high as that of natives. Some of this difference in the possibility of being sexually offended is explained by the differences in the age structures of the groups.

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expands the scope of sexual harassment to include acts beyond physical touching and introduces penalties for the non-consensual dissemination of sexual images. Furthermore, the reform enhances protection for children's integrity and imposes stricter penalties for offences against them. These changes aim to combat various forms of sexual abuse, including

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high as that of native Finns when looking at rape related crimes. It was also stated that the immigrants originating from Africa and Middle East commit the highest levels of crimes, with the level being seventeen times as high as that of native Finns. The offenses committed by the immigrant groups most often target the natives of the area.

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effect). However, according to a cross-cultural comparison between three regions in Finland, Denmark, Russia, Estonia and the US in 1988 "Scandinavian workers reported fewer women-unfriendly experiences than the women in the other countries did. According to the researchers this was an effect of the gender equality policy in Scandinavia."

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unconscious, sick, disabled, in a state of fear or if the victim is in any other way considered unable to defend themselves or to express their consent or the lack of consent. If some of the factors above are lacking evidence, the accused should be sentenced to at least four months or at most four years in prison.

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The action plan was prepared in cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and the drafting was coordinated by the National Institute for Health and Welfare, as commissioned by the Ministry

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According to a study done by Martti Lehti et al. (2014), 28 percent of the suspects for crimes associated with rape were first generation immigrants while second generation immigrants formed a little less than 1 percent. The number of crimes per immigrant who lives in Finland is almost eight times as

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The risk for immigrants to be sexually offended is almost double compared to that of native Finns, even though 92 percent of the victims of sexual offenses were native Finns. Five percent of the victims are immigrants from elsewhere in Europe, while immigrants with African origins form two percent of

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Anyone who has sexual intercourse with a child younger than 16 years should also be convicted, if the crime is over all not aggravated by the reasoning stated in 7 §'s first paragraph. In addition, a person should be convicted for taking sexual advantage of a child if what is stated above occurs with

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the victim is younger than 18 years, and their ability to independently make decisions about their sexual behavior is considerably weaker than that of the perpetrator because of the victim's level of maturity and the possible age difference between the perpetrator and the victim, with the perpetrator

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The guidelines for sexual offenses was revised with a law that came into effect 1. January 1999. With this revision, sexual offenses were divided into three levels of graveness based on how severe the act is. The three levels are rape, aggravated rape and forcing someone to a sexual act. The revision

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in Finland enacted new legislation on sexual offences effective from January 2023, prioritizing sexual self-determination and personal integrity. Under the reform, the definition of rape has been revised to emphasize the necessity of voluntary participation in sexual intercourse. The legislation also

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varies depending on the type of assault. When a rape is done by stranger, only 8 percent of charges are pressed, because often the identity of the perpetrator can never be solved. In the case of rapes that takes place when the perpetrator and the victims have just met each other or already know each

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Most often in the cases of violence where men are the victims, the violence is committed by a stranger (42%). This violence is dominantly physical or threats of violence: sexual violence against men is rare. Although the risk of becoming a victim of violence committed by strangers is rather high for

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The majority of cases of sexual violence is against women. Some groups within society have a greater possibility of becoming a victim of sexual violence, and sexual violence often has different kinds of impact of the lives of the victims from different backgrounds (age and social status also have an

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Estimating the prevalence of sexual violence in Finland is difficult, because a considerable number of assaults go unreported to the police. The several different estimates for the number of rapes occurring in Finland each year are based on research on the victims of the assaults, calls and contacts

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Of the cases reported to the police, the assaulter and the assaulted normally know each other and only in one in every four reported cases is the assaulter a stranger. In almost all the cases, the suspected perpetrator is a male. In the harassment experienced by men, the perpetrator was usually the

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The sentences of the convicted have been getting longer: on the latter half of 1990, the sentences got longer by about half a year, and even in the last decade there has been a slight increase in the sentences given to convicted sexual offenders. This harshening of the sentences has a connection to

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The Central Statistical Office also states that prior to 1999, police did not report about a third of all rape cases to the prosecutor. After the reform, this number has decreased to one tenth of all cases that come to the attention of the police. In 2003, 337 cases were reported to the prosecutor,

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on restraining order states, that "a restraining order may be imposed only if there are reasonable grounds to assume that the person against whom the order is applied for is likely to commit an offense against the life, health, liberty or privacy of the person who feels threatened or in some other

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If the accused forced the victim into an act other than those stated in 1 § by using violence or the threat of it, or if the accused forced the victim to submit to any of these acts, it clearly violates the victim's right of sexual self-determination and the accused should be convicted for forcing

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There are three main principles to this plan. The first one is to prevent violence by developing ways in which sexual violence could be more easily detected and interfered with and by improving the level on which the authorities are aware of sexual offences. The second principle is to protect the

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A person can be convicted for sexual abuse of a child, if they touched or in another way commit a sexual act that is likely to cause harm to a child's development or get the child to commit a similar sexual act. Anyone who is under 16 years old is considered a child. If convicted, the perpetrator

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An accused should also be sentenced if the assaulter takes advantage of the victim being unconscious, sick, disabled, in a state of fear or if the victim is in any other way considered unable to defend themselves or to express their consent or the lack of consent, and gets the victim to do an act

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A person can be convicted if he/she takes advantage of their situation or relation to the victim to coerce them to sexual interaction or to another act that considerably violates the victim's right of sexual self-determination, or if the victim is coerced so submit to a similar act that violates

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If a person forces someone into sexual intercourse by using violence or threat of violence, the person is to be convicted for rape. The convicted should receive a jail sentence of at least one and at most six years. It is also considered rape if the assaulter takes advantage of the victim being

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According to the Central Statistical Office of Finland, in 1998 and before the 1999 law reform on sexual offenses (1994–1998), police were able to solve on average 55 percent of the cases reported to them, and in less than 10 percent of the rape cases, the process led to a conviction. After the

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There has been no sufficient research done on sexual and gender minorities, but a study done in the beginning of 1980 (by Grönfors et al.) about experiences of violence by gay and bisexual persons states that every sixth gay or bisexual male had experienced violence because of their sexual

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A restraining order is a means to protect the life, health, freedom or peace of a person, and prevents another person from contacting him/her. The purpose of this is to prevent crimes, to improve the possibilities, and to interfere with severe harassment and other possible offenses.

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are more likely to become victims of sexual violence. Other factors that are likely to effect the probability of getting sexually offended are social status, possible drug usage, belonging to a sexual or gender minority or being disabled as well as if the person is a victim of

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Most cases of any kind crimes related with violence are overwhelmingly related to alcohol with 60 percent of violent crimes being committed while under the influence of alcohol and with about 86 percent of incest abuse cases occurring when the abuser was intoxicated.

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in Finland (2013), 87.4 percent were girls and 12.6 percent were boys. It is estimated that nine girls and three boys out of 100 are victims of penetrative sexual abuse and 8–31% of girls and 3–17% of boys are exposed to a form of sexual abuse in Europe.

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the victim is younger than 18 years, and is in school or at another institution where he/she is under the assaulter's authority or supervision, or in another situation similar to these where the perpetrator is clearly in a position that makes him/her

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Acierno, R; Resnick, H. S; Kilpatrick, D. G. (1997). "Health impact of interpersonal violence1:prevalence rates, case identification, and riskfactors for sexualassault, physical assault, and domestic violence in men and women".

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the perpetrator has sexual intercourse with a child younger than 16 or with a child who is 16 but not yet 18 and the perpetrator is the victim's parent or in a similar relationship with the child and lives in the same

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the victim is being treated in a hospital or another institution, and their ability to defend themselves and form or voice an opinion is limited because of illness, disability or another state of inability, or

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described in the paragraph above or if the accused forced the victim into submitting to one of these acts, therefore considerably violating the victim's right of self-determination. (13.5.2011/495)

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Also if the crime as a whole is aggravated, the perpetrator should be convicted for aggravated sexual abuse of a child and sentenced to a minimum of one year and a maximum of ten years in prison.

2464: 3025: 1312: 440: 3273: 3050: 3288: 3240: 3137: 3132: 1595:

If the rape is aggravated when judged comprehensively, the accused should be convicted for aggravated rape and sentenced to a minimum of two years and a maximum of ten years in prison.

3245: 3097: 3250: 711:, forcing someone into a sexual act and taking sexual advantage of a person. The victims of sexual violence are predominantly women, but 26 percent of Finnish men have experienced 3197: 1785:

Foreigners in Finland 1990–2005. The blue line at the top represents the total number of foreigners, and the other lines represent the number of foreigners in Finland by country.

1770:. The aforementioned characteristics are also likely to decrease the probability of getting and searching for help if a person does become a victim of a crime of sexual offense. 3167: 3127: 3107: 3087: 2990: 3278: 3102: 3298: 3283: 3230: 3182: 3177: 3152: 3010: 3268: 3207: 3157: 3117: 3070: 3065: 3055: 3035: 3030: 3015: 3000: 2995: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 3293: 3235: 3202: 3192: 3172: 3162: 3147: 3142: 3122: 3092: 3060: 3045: 3020: 3187: 3112: 1038: 166: 1684:

the crime is likely to cause severe harm to the child because of the trust the child has for the perpetrator or because of the child's dependency of the perpetrator

2023: 1114: 242: 691:

Sexual violence means that someone forces or manipulates someone else into unwanted sexual activity without their consent. Such violence can take place in both

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same age as the harassed, while in the cases of harassment experienced by women, the perpetrator was normally around the same age or older than the victim.

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a child who is 16 but not yet 18 and the perpetrator is the victim's parent or in a similar relationship with the child and lives in the same household.

1304: 432: 2137: 2211: 1063: 191: 744:(FRA), 47 percent of women in Finland have experienced physical or sexual violence from anyone at some point since the age of 15. Out of the 28 1709:" means inserting one's sexual organ into the victim's sexual organ or anal aperture, or taking the other person's sexual organ into your body. 2798: 741: 1279: 1254: 1230: 407: 382: 358: 2178: 2107: 2086:

The questions on physical and sexual violence were asked separately regarding the current partner, previous partner and other persons.

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the victim is a child to whose development the crime is likely to cause severe harm because of the child's age or level of development

1259: 387: 2301: 1289: 417: 1761:

Different documents (for example the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action) have stated that women of ethnic and cultural

2949: 1998: 1547: 1413: 1264: 675: 541: 392: 792:

In 2008, the average time of the judicial process from the date the rape happened to the date of the conviction is 1.5 years.

3212: 2368: 2334: 1222: 1174: 350: 302: 2082:• Apart from this, made you take part in any form of sexual activity when you did not want to or you were unable to refuse? 1579:

the crime is committed by multiple people, or in especially considerable mental or physical suffering results from the crime

1239: 1235: 367: 363: 707:, even if the assaulter was the victim's spouse, relative or their friend. Sexual offences include but are not limited to 3319: 2703: 2538: 1226: 1149: 354: 277: 3324: 1299: 1197: 427: 325: 2392:""Proposal of new indicators to measure the effects of gender violence" - publication result of the GVEI's Project" 2080:• Apart from this, attempted to force you into sexual intercourse by holding you down or hurting you in some way? 1716:" means an act, that is sexually relevant considering the perpetrator, the victim and the circumstances of the act. 1294: 1274: 1244: 1078: 422: 402: 372: 206: 2028: 1284: 1164: 947: 412: 292: 75: 699:

relationships, as well as outside intimate relationships. All sexual offenses violate the basic right of sexual

935: 757: 63: 2588: 2566: 1205: 333: 3329: 2261: 1033: 842: 161: 2681: 752:

women were found to have experienced more. However National Finnish studies and questionnaires performed by

3334: 2008: 1337: 465: 2852:

Sariola, Heikki; Uutela, Antti (September 1996). "The prevalence and context of incest abuse in Finland".

2144: 1269: 1249: 972: 397: 377: 100: 2084:• Or have you consented to sexual activity because you were afraid of what might happen if you refused? 2942: 2498: 1639:

the victim is particularly dependent on the perpetrator, who gravely takes advantage of this dependency

1540: 1398: 668: 526: 1643:

Should be convicted for taking sexual advantage and sentenced to fines or up to four years in prison.

1179: 1058: 307: 186: 2360:

Suomalaiset väkivallan ja omaisuusrikosten kohteena 2015 – Kansallisen rikosuhritutkimuksen tuloksia

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Suomalaiset väkivallan ja omaisuusrikosten kohteena 2017 – Kansallisen rikosuhritutkimuksen tuloksia

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Rakkauden monet kasvot "Esitietoja homo- ja biseksuaalisten ihmisten elämäntavasta ja syrjinnästä."

1352: 480: 2728:

Berdahl, Jennifer L.; Magley, Vicki J.; Waldo, Graig R. (1996). "'The Sexual Harassment of Men?".

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says that fewer than 10 per cent of rapes are estimated to be reported to the police in Finland.

316: 282: 201: 2755: 2410: 1607:

someone into a sexual act and sentenced with either a fine or jail time for up to three years.

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The new legislation on sexual offences strengthens the legal framework in the following areas:

536: 2890: 2935: 2637: 2589:"Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos: Uutta tietoa raiskausrikoksista ja rangaistuskäytännöistä" 2567:"Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos: Uutta tietoa raiskausrikoksista ja rangaistuskäytännöistä" 1774:

orientation. The corresponding number for lesbian and bisexual women was significantly less.

1533: 1495: 1367: 1342: 920: 770: 661: 623: 495: 470: 48: 2922: 2236: 1159: 1053: 1048: 942: 287: 181: 176: 70: 2917: 8: 1328: 1099: 1043: 1012: 456: 227: 171: 140: 819:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2741: 2659: 1435: 1383: 1357: 925: 700: 563: 511: 485: 53: 2078:• Forced you into sexual intercourse by holding you down or hurting you in some way? 760:

ranks Finland as the fourth safest country for women out of 177, with Denmark as 1st.

2869: 2865: 2828:"Iso selvitys ulkomaalaisten seksuaalirikollisuudesta – määrät, syyt, ratkaisukeinot" 2364: 2330: 2278: 2076:

Since you were 15 years old until now/in the past 12 months, how often has someone:

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Since you were 15 years old until now/in the past 12 months, how often has someone:

1934: 1767: 1485: 1017: 915: 867: 847: 712: 613: 145: 43: 2861: 2827: 2737: 2613: 2270: 1652:

should be sentenced to a minimum of four months and maximum of four years in jail.

1450: 1445: 1430: 1388: 1144: 1068: 733: 578: 573: 558: 516: 272: 196: 2411:"Gender Violence Effects Indicators (Daphne project) - Gender Violence in Finland" 1585:

the crime is committed in a way that is particularly brutal, harsh, or humiliating

2018: 2003: 1500: 1490: 1480: 1475: 1465: 1403: 1347: 1134: 1104: 930: 737: 628: 618: 608: 603: 593: 531: 475: 262: 232: 58: 2435: 2358: 2324: 1418: 1393: 1169: 1129: 1007: 1002: 962: 861: 745: 546: 521: 297: 257: 135: 130: 90: 2682:"Katsaus Poliisin, Tullin ja Rajavartioston Tietoon Tulleeseen Rikollisuuteen" 2391: 2274: 3313: 2660:"Incidence and Methodology in Sexual Harassment Research in Northwest Europe" 1460: 1423: 1215: 1139: 1119: 1109: 992: 906: 588: 551: 343: 267: 247: 237: 120: 34: 2927: 1588:

if a firearm, an edged weapon or another life-threatening device is used, or

2013: 1740: 1576:

serious physical injury, serious illness or a life-threatening state occurs

1455: 1210: 1083: 997: 977: 703:. In Finland, sexual violence and taking advantage of a person is always a 692: 583: 338: 211: 125: 105: 2873: 2282: 1972: 1781: 1662: 1601: 1470: 982: 598: 110: 2229: 1762: 1521: 987: 817:. The reason given is: significant changes in 2022 need to be included. 696: 649: 115: 16: 1440: 967: 957: 952: 568: 95: 85: 80: 1516: 644: 1362: 490: 789:

the revision that was done to the law on sexual offenses in 1999.

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the crime is committed in a way that is particularly humiliating

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The sections below are translated from the Finnish Penal Code.

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Box 2.1: What the survey asked – physical and sexual violence

1979: 1646: 704: 2350: 2316: 899: 777: 708: 27: 2063:• Beaten you with a fist or a hard object, or kicked you? 2561: 2559: 2257: 2138:"Case Closed: Rape And Human Rights in Nordic Countries" 2024:

Sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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The legal terms used in these statutes are defined as:

2581: 1663:

Aggravated sexual abuse of a child 7 § (20.5.2011/540)

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Coercing someone into a sexual act 4 § (24.7.1998/563)

1567: 2556: 2459: 2457: 2442:. Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security 2416:. Surt Women's Foundation / University of Oulu. 2007 2356: 2304:. European Union Agency For Fundamental Rights. 2012 2885: 2883: 1696: 1632:

clearly taking advantage of the victim's immaturity

1617: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2727: 2539:"Naisiin Kohdistuvan Väkivallan Vähentämisohjelma" 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2454: 2363:. Kriminologian ja oikeuspolitiikan instituutti. 2329:. Kriminologian ja oikeuspoliitikan instituutti. 1598:An attempted aggravated rape is also punishable. 3311: 2880: 2825: 2113:. National Sexual Violence Resource Center. 2010 1591:if the victim is threatened with severe violence 1064:Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims 748:countries that were studied in the survey, only 192:Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims 2826:Viljakainen, Miika; Lakka, Päivi (2018-12-15). 2799:"Maahanmuuttajat Rikosten Uhreina ja Tekijöinä" 2784: 2212:"Men's Experiences of Violence In Finland 2009" 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2482: 2322: 872:Non-consensual dissemination of a sexual image 776:The rate at which charges are pressed after a 763: 2957: 2943: 2851: 2821: 2819: 2756:"Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action" 2143:. Amnesty International. 2010. Archived from 1541: 669: 2357:Danielsson, Petri; Kääriäinen, Juha (2016). 2162: 742:European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights 736:are often praised for their achievements on 2748: 2696: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 1980:The Programme of Reducing Violence on Women 1647:Sexual abuse of a child 6 § (20.5.2011/540) 891: 2950: 2936: 2816: 2652: 2067:• Tried to suffocate you or strangle you? 1548: 1534: 676: 662: 2770: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2516: 1780: 879: 15: 2845: 2721: 2674: 2470:. Oikeuspoliitinen Tutkimuslaitos. 2007 2405: 2403: 2401: 2323:Danielsson, Petri; Näsi, Matti (2018). 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 1799:Sexual offences per nationality in 2017 740:, but according to a 2012 study by the 3312: 2709:. European Child Safety Alliance. 2014 2630: 2251: 2125: 2071:• Beaten your head against something? 2069:• Cut or stabbed you, or shot at you? 1999:Oulu child sexual exploitation scandal 688:Overview of sexual violence in Finland 2931: 2608: 2606: 2384: 2296: 2294: 2292: 1582:the victim is 18 years old or younger 2398: 2193: 2100: 1962: 1572:A rape is considered aggravated if: 836: 799: 2704:"Violence and Intentional Injuries" 2061:• Grabbed you or pulled your hair? 2041: 1568:Aggravated rape 2 § (27.6.2014/509) 1564:Attempted rape is also punishable. 13: 2911: 2742:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00320.x 2603: 2289: 885:also affects the cause of action. 14: 3346: 1739:Of children who have experienced 1623:sexual self-determination, when: 1697:Definitions 10 § (27.6.2014/509) 1618:Sexual abuse 5 § (24.7.1998/563) 1515: 1115:Democratic Republic of the Congo 875:Sexual offences against children 804: 643: 243:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2428: 2302:"Violence Against Women Survey" 2059:• Thrown a hard object at you? 2029:Sexual violence in South Africa 1789: 1693:An attempt is also punishable. 1659:An attempt is also punishable. 1614:An attempt is also punishable. 758:Women Peace and Security Index 1: 2730:Psychology of Women Quarterly 2094: 1957: 754:Kansallinen rikosuhritutkimus 723: 718: 2923:The Criminal Code of Finland 2866:10.1016/0145-2134(96)00072-5 2055:• Pushed you or shoved you? 2009:Estimates of sexual violence 1338:Marital rape laws by country 466:Marital rape laws by country 7: 2891:"Act on Restraining Orders" 1992: 1734: 1675:In sexual abuse of a child 1305:Russian invasion of Ukraine 764:Report and conviction rates 715:since their 15th birthday. 433:Russian invasion of Ukraine 10: 3351: 3320:Sexual violence by country 2108:"What is Sexual Violence?" 1720: 1399:Sexual violence statistics 527:Sexual violence statistics 3325:Sexual violence in Europe 3259: 3221: 2963: 2958:Sexual violence in Europe 2854:Child Abuse & Neglect 2275:10.1080/08964289709596729 1932: 1927: 1919: 1914: 1906: 1901: 1893: 1888: 1880: 1875: 1867: 1862: 1854: 1849: 1841: 1836: 1828: 1823: 1815: 1803: 1798: 1756: 1260:Bangladesh Liberation War 813:This section needs to be 388:Bangladesh Liberation War 2591:. Oikeusministeriö. 2012 2569:. Oikeusministeriö. 2012 2179:"Seksuaalinen Väkivalta" 2034: 1725: 1353:False accusation of rape 1079:Sociobiological theories 892:Rape 1 § (27.6.2014/509) 481:False accusation of rape 207:Sociobiological theories 1074:Secondary victimisation 1026:Effects and motivations 202:Secondary victimisation 154:Effects and motivations 3006:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2804:. Tammerprint Oy. 2014 2758:. United Nations. 1995 1786: 1747: 1451:Rape and revenge films 1409:Military sexual trauma 1265:Sierra Leone Civil War 795: 579:Rape and revenge films 537:Military sexual trauma 393:Sierra Leone Civil War 21: 2780:. Weilin, Göös. 1984. 2684:. Tilastokeskus. 2014 2544:. Tilastokeskus. 2010 2504:. Tilastokeskus. 2004 2436:"WPS Index - Finland" 1784: 1496:Sexual trauma therapy 1368:Sexual consent in law 1343:Marry-your-rapist law 1223:Occupation of Germany 1034:Effects and aftermath 948:Drug-facilitated rape 880:Prior to January 2023 771:Amnesty International 624:Sexual trauma therapy 496:Sexual consent in law 471:Marry-your-rapist law 351:Occupation of Germany 162:Effects and aftermath 76:Drug-facilitated rape 19: 3330:Sexuality in Finland 2499:"Rikollisuustilanne" 2465:"Rikollisuustilanne" 2440:giwps.georgetown.edu 2237:"Statistics Finland" 2181:. Väestöliitto. 2014 1309:Israeli–Palestinian 1255:Sri Lankan Civil War 1236:Liberation of France 1054:Rape trauma syndrome 1049:Rape crisis movement 943:Cybersex trafficking 437:Israeli–Palestinian 383:Sri Lankan Civil War 364:Liberation of France 182:Rape trauma syndrome 177:Rape crisis movement 71:Cybersex trafficking 3335:Violence in Finland 3222:States with limited 2618:Ministry of Justice 2614:"Sexualoffenceslaw" 2262:Behavioral Medicine 1414:Preventive measures 1044:Pregnancy from rape 1013:Unacknowledged rape 973:Live streaming rape 843:Ministry of Justice 542:Preventive measures 172:Pregnancy from rape 141:Unacknowledged rape 101:Live streaming rape 2051:Physical violence 1787: 1707:Sexual Intercourse 1436:Rape crisis centre 1384:Anti-rape movement 1358:Rape investigation 926:Child sexual abuse 857:Definition of rape 701:self-determination 564:Rape crisis centre 512:Anti-rape movement 486:Rape investigation 54:Child sexual abuse 22: 3307: 3306: 2370:978-951-51-0625-4 2336:978-951-51-0658-2 1963:Restraining order 1941: 1940: 1935:Police of Finland 1768:human trafficking 1558: 1557: 1486:Sexual harassment 1198:Armenian genocide 1018:Rape by deception 916:Acquaintance rape 868:sexual harassment 848:online harassment 837:From January 2023 834: 833: 713:sexual harassment 686: 685: 614:Sexual harassment 326:Armenian genocide 146:Rape by deception 44:Acquaintance rape 3342: 3260:Dependencies and 2964:Sovereign states 2952: 2945: 2938: 2929: 2928: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2895: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2823: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2803: 2795: 2782: 2781: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2708: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2624: 2610: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2563: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2543: 2535: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2503: 2495: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2469: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2415: 2407: 2396: 2395: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2298: 2287: 2286: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2216: 2208: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2175: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2149: 2142: 2134: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2112: 2104: 2088: 2087: 2074:Sexual violence 2045: 1796: 1795: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1520: 1519: 1446:Rape pornography 1431:Anti-rape device 1389:Bodily integrity 1376:Related articles 1295:Syrian civil war 1275:Rwandan genocide 1245:Kashmir conflict 1211:Italian campaign 1189:During conflicts 1150:Papua New Guinea 1069:Weinstein effect 1039:Factors involved 896: 895: 829: 826: 820: 808: 807: 800: 734:Nordic countries 678: 671: 664: 648: 647: 574:Rape pornography 559:Anti-rape device 517:Bodily integrity 504:Related articles 423:Syrian civil war 403:Rwandan genocide 373:Kashmir conflict 339:Italian campaign 317:During conflicts 278:Papua New Guinea 197:Weinstein effect 167:Factors involved 24: 23: 20:A map of Finland 3350: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3261: 3255: 3241:Northern Cyprus 3223: 3217: 3138:North Macedonia 2959: 2956: 2914: 2912:Further reading 2909: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2881: 2850: 2846: 2837: 2835: 2824: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2643: 2641: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2622: 2620: 2612: 2611: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2565: 2564: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2517: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2455: 2445: 2443: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2355: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2321: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2290: 2256: 2252: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2057:• Slapped you? 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2019:Rape statistics 2004:Corrective rape 1995: 1982: 1965: 1960: 1943: 1942: 1925: 1912: 1899: 1886: 1873: 1860: 1847: 1834: 1821: 1792: 1759: 1750: 1737: 1728: 1723: 1699: 1667:Applicable, if 1665: 1649: 1636:(27.6.2014/509) 1620: 1604: 1570: 1554: 1514: 1501:Sexual violence 1491:Sexual predator 1481:Sex trafficking 1476:Sex and the law 1466:Rape statistics 1404:History of rape 1348:Rape shield law 1285:Darfur genocide 931:Corrective rape 894: 882: 839: 830: 824: 821: 818: 809: 805: 798: 766: 738:gender equality 726: 721: 689: 682: 642: 629:Sexual violence 619:Sexual predator 609:Sex trafficking 604:Sex and the law 594:Rape statistics 532:History of rape 476:Rape shield law 413:Darfur genocide 59:Corrective rape 12: 11: 5: 3348: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3262:other entities 3257: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3213:United Kingdom 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3026:Czech Republic 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2940: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2896:. Finlex. 2010 2879: 2860:(9): 843–850. 2844: 2815: 2783: 2769: 2747: 2736:(4): 527–547. 2720: 2695: 2673: 2651: 2640:. Finlex. 2014 2629: 2602: 2580: 2555: 2515: 2481: 2453: 2427: 2397: 2383: 2369: 2349: 2335: 2315: 2288: 2250: 2228: 2192: 2161: 2124: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2065:• Burned you? 2039: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1994: 1991: 1981: 1978: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1939: 1938: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1758: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1710: 1698: 1695: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1664: 1661: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1619: 1616: 1603: 1600: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1569: 1566: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1545: 1538: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1522:Law portal 1512: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1419:Rape by gender 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1394:Date rape drug 1391: 1386: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1233: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1216:Imperial Japan 1213: 1208: 1200: 1192: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1175:United Kingdom 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1008:Statutory rape 1005: 1003:Sexual assault 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 963:Genocidal rape 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 939: 938: 928: 923: 918: 910: 909: 903: 902: 893: 890: 881: 878: 877: 876: 873: 870: 866:Definition of 864: 862:sexual assault 860:Definition of 858: 838: 835: 832: 831: 812: 810: 803: 797: 794: 765: 762: 746:European Union 725: 722: 720: 717: 687: 684: 683: 681: 680: 673: 666: 658: 655: 654: 653: 652: 650:Law portal 640: 634: 633: 632: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 555: 554: 547:Rape by gender 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 522:Date rape drug 519: 514: 506: 505: 501: 500: 499: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 460: 459: 453: 452: 451: 450: 449: 448: 443: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 361: 348: 347: 346: 344:Imperial Japan 341: 336: 328: 320: 319: 313: 312: 311: 310: 305: 303:United Kingdom 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 222: 221: 217: 216: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 156: 155: 151: 150: 149: 148: 143: 138: 136:Statutory rape 133: 131:Sexual assault 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 91:Genocidal rape 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 67: 66: 56: 51: 46: 38: 37: 31: 30: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3347: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274:Faroe Islands 3272: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3246:South Ossetia 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3098:Liechtenstein 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2953: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2892: 2886: 2884: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2820: 2800: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2779: 2773: 2757: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2705: 2699: 2683: 2677: 2661: 2655: 2639: 2633: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2607: 2590: 2584: 2568: 2562: 2560: 2540: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2500: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2412: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2394:. 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HEUNI. 2011 2213: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2180: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2150:on 2013-10-20 2146: 2139: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1974: 1969: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1936: 1931: 1922: 1918: 1909: 1905: 1896: 1892: 1883: 1879: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1853: 1844: 1840: 1831: 1827: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1754: 1745: 1742: 1732: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1694: 1691: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1644: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1599: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1565: 1562: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1461:Rape schedule 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1424:Rape of males 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1206:Eastern Front 1204: 1203: 1202:World War II 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1180:United States 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 937: 934: 933: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 913: 912: 911: 908: 905: 904: 901: 898: 897: 889: 886: 874: 871: 869: 865: 863: 859: 856: 855: 854: 851: 849: 844: 828: 816: 811: 802: 801: 793: 790: 786: 782: 779: 774: 772: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 730: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 679: 674: 672: 667: 665: 660: 659: 657: 656: 651: 646: 641: 638: 637: 636: 635: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 589:Rape schedule 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 553: 552:Rape of males 550: 549: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 508: 507: 503: 502: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 463: 462: 461: 458: 455: 454: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 365: 362: 360: 356: 352: 349: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 334:Eastern Front 332: 331: 330:World War II 329: 327: 324: 323: 322: 321: 318: 315: 314: 309: 308:United States 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 224: 223: 219: 218: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 158: 157: 153: 152: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 69: 65: 62: 61: 60: 57: 55: 52: 50: 47: 45: 42: 41: 40: 39: 36: 33: 32: 29: 26: 25: 18: 3251:Transnistria 3040: 2898:. 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