Shah Jahan - Knowledge

74: 1973: 2794: 2726: 2638: 1810: 1756: 2393: 2738: 2142: 2448: 2624: 2604: 2674: 793:– Khurram remained distant from court politics and intrigues in the immediate aftermath of that event. Khurram left Ruqaiya's care and returned to his mother's care. As the third son, Khurram did not challenge the two major power blocs of the time, his father's and his half-brother's; thus, he enjoyed the benefits of imperial protection and luxury while being allowed to continue with his education and training. This relatively quiet and stable period of his life allowed Khurram to build his own support base in the Mughal court, which would be useful later on in his life. 3114: 2658: 1710: 2688: 2303:. On 23 December 1635, Shah Jahan issued a farman ordering the Agra Church to be demolished. The Church was occupied by the Portuguese Jesuits. However the Emperor allowed the Jesuits to conduct their religious ceremonies in privacy. He also banned the Jesuits in preaching their religion and making converts from both Hindus and Muslims.Though in the decree, he also granted 777 bighas of rent-free land to the Augustinian Fathers and the Christian community in Bandel, currently in West Bengal, shaping its Portuguese heritage for times to come. 3421: 1997: 2754: 2360:, sixty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. Ázam Khán pursued him so hotly that Kánji surrendered, handed over his plunder and guaranteed that he would not only cease to commit robberies but also pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ázam Khán then built two fortified posts in the Koli's territory, naming one Ázamábád after himself, and the other Khalílábád after his son. Additionally, he forced the surrender of the Jam of Nawanagar. The next viceroy, Ísa Tarkhán, carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the 3180: 1525: 1846:, Nur Jahan was at the helm of the affairs. She ordered Prince Khurram to march for Kandahar, but he refused. As a result of Prince Khurram's refusal to obey Nur Jahan's orders, Kandahar was lost to the Persians after a forty-five-day siege. Prince Khurram feared that in his absence Nur Jahan would attempt to poison his father against him and convince Jahangir to name Shahryar the heir in his place. This fear brought Prince Khurram to rebel against his father rather than fight against the 1989: 6198: 2590: 2766: 837:

several favours were being bestowed on her son-in-law. Khurram after sensing the danger posed to his status as heir-apparent rebelled against his father in 1622 but did not succeed and eventually lost the favour of his father. Several years before Jahangir's death in 1627, coins began to be struck containing Nur Jahan's name along with Jahangir's name; In fact, there were two prerogatives of sovereignty for the legitimacy of a Muslim monarchy (reading the

1568: 1598:, which caused considerable blood-loss after painful labor of thirty hours. Contemporary historians note that Princess Jahanara, aged 17, was so distressed by her mother's pain that she started distributing gems to the poor, hoping for divine intervention, and Shah Jahan was noted as being "paralysed by grief" and weeping fits. Her body was temporarily buried in a walled pleasure garden known as Zainabad, originally constructed by Shah Jahan's uncle 2480: 769:. In 1605, as Akbar lay on his deathbed, Khurram, who at this point of time was 13, remained by his bedside and refused to move even after his mother tried to retrieve him. Given the politically uncertain times immediately preceding Akbar's death, Khurram was in a fair amount of physical danger from political opponents of his father. He was at last ordered to return to his quarters by the senior women of his grandfather's household, namely 2846: 1354: 3303: 2467: 660:) emerged victorious and became the sixth emperor, executing all of his surviving brothers, including Crown Prince Dara Shikoh. After Shah Jahan recovered from his illness in July 1658, Aurangzeb imprisoned him in Agra Fort from July 1658 until his death in January 1666. He was laid to rest next to his wife in the Taj Mahal. His reign is known for doing away with the liberal policies initiated by his grandfather 3040: 3077: 3147: 5426: 2430:, Mumtaz Mahal's eldest surviving daughter, voluntarily shared his 8-year confinement and nursed him in his dotage. In January 1666, Shah Jahan fell ill. Confined to bed, he became progressively weaker until, on 22 January, he commended the ladies of the imperial court, particularly his consort of later years Akbarabadi Mahal, to the care of Jahanara. After reciting the 2050:. Under his rule, the empire became a huge military machine and the nobles and their contingents multiplied almost fourfold, as did the demands for more revenue from their citizens. But due to his measures in the financial and commercial fields, it was a period of general stability – the administration was centralized and court affairs systematized. 517: 1752:. In 1615, Khurram presented Kunwar Karan Singh, Amar Singh's heir to Jahangir. Khurram was sent to pay homage to his mother and stepmothers and was later awarded by Jahangir. The same year, his mansab was increased from 12000/6000 to 15000/7000, to equal that his brother Parvez's and was further increased to 20000/10000 in 1616. 1917:

Prince Khurram's three sons who were under her charge. Asaf Khan also managed palace intrigues to ensure Prince Khurram's succession to the throne. Prince Khurram succeeded to the Mughal throne as Abu ud-Muzaffar Shihab ud-Din Mohammad Sahib ud-Quiran ud-Thani Shah Jahan Padshah Ghazi (Urdu: شهاب الدین محمد خرم), or Shah Jahan.

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Princess Jahanara had planned a state funeral which was to include a procession with Shah Jahan's body carried by eminent nobles followed by the notable citizens of Agra and officials scattering coins for the poor and needy. Aurangzeb refused to accommodate such ostentation. The body was taken to the

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The Mughal Empire continued to expand moderately during his reign as his sons commanded large armies on different fronts. India at the time was a rich center of the arts, crafts and architecture, and some of the best of the architects, artisans, craftsmen, painters and writers of the world resided in

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for the succession to the Mughal throne. Khurram won the battle of succession and became the fifth Mughal Emperor. Nur Jahan was subsequently deprived of her imperial stature, authority, privileges, honors and economic grants and was put under house arrest on the orders of Khurram and led a quiet and

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Its structure was drawn with great care and architects from all over the world were called for this purpose. The building took twenty years to complete and was constructed from white marble underlaid with brick. Upon his death, his son Aurangzeb had him interred in it next to Mumtaz Mahal. Among his

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was not determined through primogeniture, but by princely sons competing to achieve military successes and consolidating their power at court. This often led to rebellions and wars of succession. As a result, a complex political climate surrounded the Mughal court in Shah Jahan's formative years. In

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gradually became an active participant in all decisions made by Jahangir and gained extreme powers in administration, so much so that it was obvious to everyone both inside and outside that most of his decisions were actually hers. Slowly, while Jahangir became more indulgent in wine and opium, she

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Upon the death of Jahangir in 1627, the wazir Asaf Khan, who had long been a quiet partisan of Prince Khurram, acted with unexpected forcefulness and determination to forestall his sister's plans to place Prince Shahryar on the throne. He put Nur Jahan in close confinement. He obtained control of

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Though there was genuine love between the two, Arjumand Banu Begum was a politically astute woman and served as a crucial advisor and confidante to her husband. Later on, as empress, Mumtaz Mahal wielded immense power, such as being consulted by her husband in state matters, attending the council

4111:, p. 190 "Khusrau conspired, rebelled, and lost the favour of his father ... Of all the sons of Jahangir, Khurram was marked out to be the heir-apparent and successor ... In 1608 the assignment of the sarkar of Hissar Firoz to him proclaimed to the world that he was intended for the throne." 2080:

A famine broke out in 1630–32 in Deccan, Gujarat and Khandesh as a result of three main crop failures. Two million died of starvation, grocers sold dogs' flesh and mixed powdered bones with flour. It is reported that parents ate their own children. Some villages were completely destroyed, their

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for the succession to the Mughal throne over him. In the last years of Jahangir's life, Nur Jahan was in full power, and the emperor had left all the burden of governance on her. She tried to weaken Khurram's position in the Mughal court by sending him on campaigns far in Deccan while ensuring

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had a significant influence in the Mughal administration. As a result, several accusations of an incestual relationship between Shah Jahan and Jahanara were propagated. Such accusations have been dismissed by modern historians as gossip, as no witness of an incident has been mentioned.

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The inscription from Makrana, Nagaur District, dating back to 1651 AD, mentions Mirza Ali Baig, who was likely a local governor under Shah Jahan's rule. It describes a notice he posted on a step-well, prohibiting low-caste individuals from using the well alongside higher-caste people.

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and her support for his claim to the throne led to much internal division. Prince Khurram resented the influence Nur Jahan held over his father and was angered at having to play second fiddle to her favourite Shahryar, his half-brother and her son-in-law. When the Persians besieged

2105:. Golconda submitted in 1635 and then Bijapur in 1636. Shah Jahan appointed Aurangzeb as Viceroy of the Deccan, consisting of Khandesh, Berar, Telangana, and Daulatabad. During his viceroyalty, Aurangzeb conquered Baglana, then Golconda in 1656, and then Bijapur in 1657. 832:

was considered to be the actual power behind the throne. Her near and dear relatives acquired important positions in the Mughal court, termed the Nur Jahan junta by historians. Khurram was in constant conflict with his stepmother, Nur Jahan who favoured her son-in-law

3963:, p. 189 "During his grandfather's last illness, he refused to leave the bedside surrounded by his enemies. Neither the advice of his father nor the entreaties of his mother could prevail on him to prefer the safety of his life to his last duty to the father." 1504:

The prince would have to wait five years before he was married in 1612 (1021 AH), on a date selected by the court astrologers as most conducive to ensuring a happy marriage. This was an unusually long engagement for the time. However, Shah Jahan first married a

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the following year, while he was encamped in Baghdad. Zarif presented him with fine gifts and a letter which encouraged an alliance against Safavid Persia. The Sultan sent a return embassy led by Arsalan Agha. Shah Jahan received the ambassador in June 1640.

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During Khusrau's second rebellion, Khurram's informants informed him about Fatehullah, Nuruddin and Muhammad Sharif gathered around 500 men at Khusrau's instigation and lay await for the Emperor. Khurram relayed this information to Jahangir who praised him.

2579:. The mosque has overall 93 domes and it is the world's largest mosque having such a number of domes. It has been built keeping acoustics in mind. A person speaking inside one end of the dome can be heard at the other end when the speech exceeds 100 2416:, Viceroy of Gujarat, declared their independence and marched upon Agra in order to claim their riches. Aurangzeb, the third son, gathered a well-trained army and became its chief commander. He faced Dara's army near Agra and defeated him during the 3881:

During her stay at Fatehpur, the mother of Shah Jahan, Hazrat Bilqis Makani, a resident of Agra became ill. The treatment did not work. Finally, on 4th Jamadi-ul-Awal, she died and according to her will, she was buried at Dehra Bagh, near Noor

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However, after the death of his grandfather Akbar in 1605, he returned to the care of his mother, Jagat Gosain whom he cared for and loved immensely. Although separated from her at birth, he had become devoted to her and had her addressed as

717:. Ruqaiya assumed the primary responsibility for raising Khurram and is noted to have raised Khurram affectionately. Jahangir noted in his memoirs that Ruqaiya had loved his son, Khurram, "a thousand times more than if he had been her own ." 2355:

Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ázam Khán, anxious to start with a show of vigour before proceeding to Áhmedábád, marched against Kánji, who fled to the village of Bhádar near

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in Thatta, Sindh province of Pakistan (100 km / 60 miles from Karachi) was built during the reign of Shah Jahan in 1647. The mosque is built with red bricks with blue coloured glaze tiles probably imported from another Sindh's town of

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on his request. Prince Khurram exchanged his turban with the Maharana and that turban is still preserved in Pratap Museum, Udaipur (R V Somani 1976). It is believed that the mosaic work of Jagmandir inspired him to use mosaic work in the

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His first act as ruler was to execute his chief rivals and imprison his stepmother Nur Jahan. Upon Shah Jahan's orders, several executions took place on 23 January 1628. Those put to death included his brother Shahryar; his nephews

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personally supervised the distribution of food to the poor during this period. She led the recitation of the Quran every morning and gave her husband many lessons on the substance of life and death and begged him not to grieve.

5877:, the one from Makrana, District Nagaur, records a notice put up on a step-well in А.Н. 1061 (A.D. 1651) by Mirza Ali Baig prohibiting the low-caste people from drawing water from the well along with the people of higher caste. 1547:

In 1612, aged 20, Khurram married Mumtaz Mahal, on a date chosen by court astrologers. The marriage was a happy one and Khurram remained devoted to her. They had fourteen children, out of whom seven survived into adulthood.

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The Shah Jahan nama of 'Inayat Khan : an abridged history of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, compiled by his royal librarian : the nineteenth-century manuscript translation of A.R. Fuller (British Library, add.

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on 8 April 1619, he is recorded to be inconsolable by Jahangir and mourned for 21 days. For these three weeks of the mourning period, he attended no public meetings and subsisted on simple vegetarian meals. His consort

710:, with whom the young prince shared a close relationship. Jahangir stated that Akbar was very fond of Khurram and had often told him "There is no comparison between him and your other sons. I consider him my true son." 2243:, Murad IV is known to have met ambassadors of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Mir Zarif and Mir Baraka, who presented 1000 pieces of finely embroidered cloth and even armor. Murad IV gave them the finest weapons, 2408:(Mumtaz Mahal's eldest son) assumed the role of regent in his father's stead, which swiftly incurred the animosity of his brothers. Upon learning of his assumption of the regency, his younger brothers, 819:, Khurram began to drift closer to his father, and over time, started to be considered the de facto heir-apparent by court chroniclers. This status was given official sanction when Jahangir granted the 3091:. He was favoured as a successor by his father, Shah Jahan, and his elder sister, Princess Jahanara Begum, but was defeated and later killed by his younger brother, Prince Muhiuddin (later the Emperor 2347:

refused to pay tribute to Shah Jahan. Soon, Ázam Khán was appointed in an effort to subdue the Kolis and bring order to the province. Ázam Khán marched against Koli rebels. When Ázam Khán reached

2058:, Mughal-era India's share of global gross domestic product (GDP) grew from 22.7% in 1600 to 24.4% in 1700, surpassing China to become the world's largest. E. Dewick and Murray Titus, quoting 2499:. His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian art, literature and cinema. Shah Jahan personally owned the royal treasury, and several precious stones such as the 5850:

Under management of Mirza Ali Baig. As the date A.H. 1061 is equivalent to A.D. 1650, the 25th year must refer to Shah Jahan's reign, Mirza Ali Baig must have been his local governor.

2603: 2287:, fortified walls, and other instruments of war. The Portuguese were accused of trafficking by high Mughal officials and due to commercial competition the Mughal-controlled port of 1782:

to secure the Empire's southern borders and to restore imperial control over the region. On his return 1617 after successes in these campaigns, Khurram performed koronush before

2687: 73: 2267:. They exchanged lavish presents, but Shah Jahan was displeased with Sultan Murad's return letter, the tone of which he found discourteous. Sultan Murad's successor, Sultan 1564:, which allowed her to review official documents in their final draft. Shah Jahan also gave her the right to issue her own orders (hukums) and make appointments to him. 2657: 1932:, meaning "King of the World", alluding to his pride in his Timurid roots and his ambitions. More epithets showed his secular and religious duties. He was also titled 713:

When Khurram was born, Akbar considering him to be auspicious insisted the prince be raised in his household rather than Salim's and was thus entrusted to the care of

4541:, p. 239 "Constant skirmishes were thinning the Rajput ranks ... offered to recognize Mughal supremacy ... Jahangir gladly and unreservedly accepted the terms." 2725: 1625:, respectively. But according to court chroniclers, these marriages were more out of political consideration, and they enjoyed only the status of being royal wives. 2295:

in that region, notably when they were accused of abducting peasants. On 25 September 1632, the Mughal Army raised imperial banners and gained control over the

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physician, mentions rumors of an incestuous relationship being propagated in the Mughal Court. However, Bernier did not mention witnessing such a relationship.

3487: 1497:– Arjumand Banu's father – played an important role in the Mughal court, eventually serving as Chief Minister. Her aunt Mehr-un-Nissa later became the Empress 757:, most of which was inculcated, according to court chroniclers, by Jahangir. According to his chronicler Qazvini, prince Khurram was only familiar with a few 1834:, wielded considerable influence. Arjumand was Asaf Khan's daughter and her marriage to Khurram consolidated Nur Jahan and Asaf Khan's positions in court. 5591: 3190:

Succeeded his father as the sixth Mughal emperor after emerging victorious in the war of succession that took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657.

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She was the most influential of Shah Jahan's daughters after Jahanara Begum and sided with Aurangzeb during the war of succession. She died unmarried.

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Shah Jahan continued striking coins in three metals i.e. gold (mohur), silver (rupee) and copper (dam). His pre-accession coins bear the name Khurram.

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and "all the elephants, horses, and 4,000,000 rupees in specie belonging to the Government were delivered to him". After a short stay he then moved to

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Court intrigues, however, including Nur Jahan's decision to have her daughter from her first marriage wed Prince Khurram's youngest brother

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Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth : the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals

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and Kazi Qurban of Agra came to the fort, moved his body to a nearby hall, washed it, enshrouded it, and put it in a coffin of sandalwood.

2559:, the Jahangir mausoleum – his father's tomb, the construction of which was overseen by his stepmother Nur Jahan and the 610:. In addition to Shahryar, Shah Jahan executed most of his rival claimants to the throne. He commissioned many monuments, including the 7284: 3665: 1809: 6532: 3692: 2279:

Shah Jahan gave orders in 1631 to Qasim Khan, the Mughal viceroy of Bengal, to drive out the Portuguese from their trading post at

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rebelled against the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit, the Governor of Gujarat, to subdue the Kolis of

1473:). They were about 14 and 15 when they were engaged, and five years later, got married. The young girl belonged to an illustrious 6187: 681:

He was born on 5 January 1592 in Lahore, present-day Pakistan, as the ninth child and third son of Prince Salim (later known as '

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Mughal-Ottoman Relations: A Study of Political & Diplomatic Relations Between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556–1748

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Prince Khurram showed extraordinary military talent. The first occasion for Khurram to test his military prowess was during the

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Jahangir assigned Khurram to guard the palace and treasury while he went to pursue Khusrau. He was later ordered to bring

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Shah Jahan left behind a grand legacy of structures constructed during his reign. He was one of the greatest patrons of

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was appointed as the viceroy, who then proceeded to become engaged in religious disputes, such as the destruction of a

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Ashburner, Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839–1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R.

2271:, sent Shah Jahan another letter encouraging him to wage war against the Persians, but there is no record of a reply. 5006: 4839: 4759: 4705: 4651: 4622: 4593: 4564: 4523: 4093: 4064: 4035: 3859: 3817: 2929: 2420:. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule and put him under 1437: 649:

as his successor. This nomination led to a succession crisis among his three sons, from which Shah Jahan's third son

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took place and, in response, Shah Jahan ordered their destruction. Guru Hargobind defeated the Mughal's army in the

7183: 6864: 3945: 2623: 1790:(Persian: "King of the World") and raised his military rank to 30000/20000 and allowed him a special throne in his 820: 2889: 1909:. His rebellion did not succeed in the end and he was forced to submit unconditionally after he was defeated near 1397: 6726: 6537: 6502: 6360: 4750:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4696:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4642:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4613:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4584:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4555:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4514:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4084:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4055:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 4026:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp. 3928: 2335:. Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed in an effort to manage the Koli's activities. The Kolis of 1541: 6165: 5266: 2753: 7112: 7029: 6701: 6477: 6083: 5735: 5042: 2867: 1375: 5156:

Well-known famines associated with back-to-back harvest failures include ... the Deccan famine of 1630–32

2173:, who recaptured it in 1649. The Mughal armies were unable to recapture it despite repeated sieges during the 7279: 7122: 4831: 3604: 3573: 2268: 1606:. Her death had a profound impact on Shah Jahan's personality and inspired the construction of the marvelous 5742:

Shah-Shuja escaped the brink of death, and another son born of Shahnawaz Khan's daughter in Burhanpur died.

5059: 2896: 2035:. In various forms, Shah Jahan appropriated his Timurid background and grafted it onto his imperial legacy. 1404: 7066: 6345: 4161: 2194: 2075: 639: 5815:

Epigraphia Indica. Arabic and Persian supplement (in continuation of the series Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica)

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Taj Mahal: The Illumined Tomb: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Mughal and European Documentary Sources

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who called him to jharoka and rose from his seat to embrace him. Jahangir also granting him the title of

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History of India: Mediaeval India from the Mohammedan Conquest to the Reign of Akbar the Great, Volume 4

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In 1622, Prince Khurram raised an army and marched against his father and Nur Jahan. He was defeated at

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As a child, Khurram received a broad education befitting his status as a Mughal prince, which included

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words and showed little interest in the study of the language as a child. Khurram was attracted to

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Evidence from the reign of Shah Jahan states that in 1648 the army consisted of 911,400 infantry,

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Princess Kunwari Leelavati Deiji, daughter of Kunwar Sakat/Sagat or Shakti Singh son of Mota Raja

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Khurram had taken other wives, among whom were Kandahari Begum (m. 28 October 1610) and another

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literature since his childhood, and his Hindi letters were mentioned in his father's biography,

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is entombed. In foreign affairs, Shah Jahan presided over the aggressive campaigns against the

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Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal

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Jahangir had Khurram weighed against gold, silver and other wealth at his mansion at Orta.

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In 1607, Khurram became engaged to Arjumand Banu Begum (1593–1631), who is also known as

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Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential daughter. Jahanara became the First Lady (

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was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored order and defeated the Koli rebels.

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Mumtaz Mahal died at the young age of 38 (7 June 1631), upon giving birth to Princess

7203: 7024: 7019: 6999: 6966: 6844: 6772: 6711: 6665: 6660: 6630: 6585: 6050: 6031: 5994: 5972: 5946: 5925: 5901: 5793: 5768: 5731: 5701: 5669: 5573: 5563: 5487: 5460: 5393: 5299: 5272: 5244: 5173: 5089: 5038: 5002: 4927: 4845: 4835: 4785: 4755: 4726: 4701: 4672: 4647: 4618: 4589: 4560: 4519: 4465: 4384: 4349: 4311: 4284: 4272: 4089: 4060: 4031: 3990: 3855: 3813: 3730: 3698: 3671: 3644: 3612: 3581: 3552: 3526: 3501: 3420: 2991: 2963: 2664: 2610: 2528: 2126: 2081:

streets filled with human corpses. In response to the devastation, Shah Jahan set up

1826:, the widowed daughter of a Persian noble. She rapidly became an important member of 1618: 944: 758: 631: 627: 343: 338: 322: 5151: 3216:(titled Akbarabadi Mahal). Jahan Afroz died at the age of one year and nine months. 2463:

Taj Mahal and was interred there next to the body of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

7004: 6994: 6829: 6741: 6716: 6686: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6580: 6370: 6019: 5792:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture. p. 23. 5129: 5121: 5030: 4457: 4264: 4173: 3493: 2560: 2552: 2336: 2300: 2130: 1737: 1691: 1683: 1583: 1486: 1455: 1032: 797: 774: 766: 690: 602:. After Jahangir's death in October 1627, Shah Jahan defeated his youngest brother 537: 381: 179: 3770: 569:, his reign marked the zenith of Mughal architectural and cultural achievements. 7193: 7117: 7102: 7092: 7055: 6989: 6951: 6834: 6809: 6570: 6442: 6427: 6333: 6272: 6209: 6195: 6111: 6087: 5863: 5640: 5389: 5383: 5238: 4879: 4853: 4779: 3130: 2982: 2969: 2344: 2001: 1996: 1760: 1510: 584: 417: 363: 255: 55: 6492: 5843: 3900:

Although removed from his mother at birth, Shah Jahan had become devoted to her.

7289: 7198: 7188: 7163: 7132: 7045: 6799: 6721: 6696: 6555: 6512: 6297: 6257: 6237: 6147: 5616: 5022: 4995:

Sufism and Society: Arrangements of the Mystical in the Muslim World, 1200–1800

4821: 4178: 3446: 3023: 2470:

The actual tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan in the lower level of Taj Mahal

2352: 2280: 2228: 2154: 2114: 2055: 1977: 1865: 1838: 1791: 1779: 1656: 1599: 1125: 846: 833: 750: 603: 599: 566: 466: 454: 348: 126: 6092: 5577: 4268: 4162:"Monument of Love or Symbol of Maternal Death: The Story Behind the Taj Mahal" 3497: 3179: 2199:

Shah Jahan launched an invasion of Central Asia from 1646 to 1647 against the

2027:

His cultural and political initial steps have been described as a type of the

706:'joyous') was chosen for the young prince by his grandfather, Emperor 7264: 7223: 7107: 6517: 6417: 6282: 6277: 6262: 6201: 6070: 5986: 5915: 5430: 5177: 4817: 4449: 4315: 4276: 4212: 3530: 3441: 3385: 3088: 3051: 2698: 2361: 2340: 2039: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1818: 1718: 1687: 1561: 816: 790: 638:. He also suppressed several local rebellions and dealt with the devastating 510: 238: 218: 174: 6076:

Shah Jahan's 353rd death anniversary observed at Taj Mahal at TwoCircles.net

5248: 4857: 4849: 4461: 3592:

Jahangir's son, ponkua, better known as the emperor Shah Jahan the Architect

1988: 1679:

with the Royal prisoner and the talk of the low people magnifying a rumor.

815:

Due to the long period of tensions between his father and his half-brother,

7127: 6946: 6903: 6789: 6782: 6767: 6432: 6407: 6302: 6267: 6097: 3391: 3367: 3345: 3323: 3313:

He was killed in 1661 as per Aurangzeb's orders. He married and had issue.

3296: 3290: 3274: 3248: 3226: 3213: 3200: 3173: 3140: 3107: 3095:), in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne. He married and had issue. 3070: 3033: 3010: 2997: 2564: 2496: 2421: 2381: 2377: 2208: 2146: 2047: 1882: 1831: 1801:

by his father who considered him "the first of all my sons in everything."

1798: 1745: 1741: 1576: 1524: 1494: 1451: 1206: 824: 789:

In 1605, his father succeeded to the throne, after crushing a rebellion by

733: 686: 623: 486: 373: 296: 273: 170: 4926:. Internet Archive. Delhi ; New York : Oxford University Press. 2351:, the local merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one Kánji, a 2291:

began to slump. Shah Jahan was particularly outraged by the activities of

2088: 1767:

In 1616, on Khurram's departure to Deccan, Jahangir awarded him the title

7178: 7087: 6898: 6849: 6814: 6437: 6422: 6412: 6402: 6397: 5862:

A. Ghosh, (Director General of Archaeology in India) (22 December 1965).

5661: 5562:. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 59. 5385:

Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture

5262: 5034: 4826: 3060: 2644: 2614: 2540: 2413: 2405: 2397: 2324: 2178: 1603: 1529: 646: 496: 405: 353: 6080: 5338: 5143: 4323: 4299: 7208: 7173: 7153: 6859: 6794: 6522: 6447: 6392: 6292: 5730:. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Oxford University Press. p. 362. 5125: 2870: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2806: 2284: 2216: 2102: 1928:, meaning "Second Lord of the Happy Conjunction of Jupiter and Venus". 1869: 1868:. He was first lodged in Delwada Ki Haveli and subsequently shifted to 1854: 1567: 1378: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 842: 665: 212: 109: 22: 3854:. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Oxford University Press. p. 46. 3812:. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Oxford University Press. p. 30. 2583:. It has been on the tentative UNESCO World Heritage list since 1993. 645:

In September 1657, Shah Jahan was ailing and appointed his eldest son

7168: 7009: 6893: 6854: 6247: 6157: 5960: 5134: 4998: 3457: 3404: 3163: 3092: 2629: 2479: 2373: 2365: 2332: 2312: 2288: 2204: 2150: 2017: 1910: 1897:. At Akbarnagar, he defeated and killed the then Subahdar of Bengal, 1874: 1823: 1676: 1672: 1664: 1628:

Khurram is also recorded to have married his maternal half-cousin, a

1607: 1587: 1572: 1537: 1498: 828: 650: 619: 607: 368: 234: 141: 5520: 2845: 2177:. Shah Jahan also expanded the Mughal Empire to the west beyond the 1647:

when Khurram was in rebellion against his father, emperor Jahangir.

1353: 6908: 6762: 6312: 6232: 6140: 5721: 3845: 3803: 3572:

Fenech, Louis E. (2014). "The Evolution of the Sikh Community". In

3302: 3261: 3014: 2702: 2595: 2580: 2548: 2508: 2500: 2431: 2348: 2232: 2162: 2042:

was introduced, becoming Shah Jahan's favorite, and various Mughal

2005: 1890: 1847: 1843: 1827: 1783: 1614: 1514: 1506: 1490: 1474: 970: 682: 611: 573: 476: 204: 183: 122: 51: 664:. During Shah Jahan's time, Islamic revivalist movements like the 6824: 6222: 5429:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

5357:"Why Bengal owes much of its food and language to the Portuguese" 3009:

The first of fourteen children born to Shah Jahan's second wife,

2556: 2466: 2369: 2357: 2328: 2311:

Shah Jahan's treasurer was Sheikh Farid, who founded the city of

2292: 2252: 2240: 2166: 2063: 2043: 1964:. This allowed Shah Jahan to rule his empire without contention. 1894: 1858: 1667:

also dismisses such claims as rumors propagated by courtiers and

1644: 1242: 1006: 912: 886: 838: 583:), Shah Jahan participated in the military campaigns against the 461: 449: 79: 5870:

INSCRIPTIONS OF THE MUGHALS, DISTRICTS JAIPUR, NAGAUR AND TONK.—

3124:

He survived in the war of succession. He married and had issue.

3039: 6819: 5655:"The Architecture of the Mughal Empire (North-Western Regions)" 3403:

Mumtaz Mahal died while giving birth to her on 17 June 1631 in

2296: 2260: 2248: 2244: 2182: 2169:, prompting the retaliation of the Persians led by their ruler 2013: 1952:

and Garshasp, sons of Shah Jahan's previously executed brother

1886: 1722: 1682:

Several contemporary travelers have mentioned such accessions.

1668: 1640: 1632: 1591: 1518: 722: 587: 501: 166: 5339:"Asnad.org Digital Persian Archives: Detail view document 356" 3551:. Vol. 11. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill. p. 143. 3076: 2985:. Parhez Banu was her mother's only child and died unmarried. 1698:

traveler, dismisses such accusations by Bernier as gossip and

6383: 6227: 6217: 5921:

Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals

3725:. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Reference. 2011. p. 3146: 2744: 2706: 2694: 2576: 2441: 2264: 2256: 2212: 2032: 2021: 1949: 1906: 1902: 1861: 1730: 1726: 1482: 778: 762: 754: 707: 661: 591: 222: 46: 4725:. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Service. p. 257. 1744:

surrendered conditionally to the Mughal forces and became a

6804: 5900:. Vol. I: 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 368. 3896:

A Teardrop on the Cheek of Time: The Story of the Taj Mahal

2520: 1878: 728: 208: 63: 5967:

The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra

5416:(1896). "Chapter III. Mughal Viceroys. (A.D. 1573–1758)". 1481:, who had been serving Mughal emperors since the reign of 5845:

Archaeology progress report of the A.S.I., Western Circle

4830:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, 3549:

Muqarnas : an annual on Islamic art and architecture

749:

and exposure to a wide variety of cultural arts, such as

746: 5818:. Public Resource. Archaeological Survey of India. 2011. 4300:"Piety and Pricess Jahanara's Role in the Public Domain" 3424:

Shah Jahan inscription from a well at Makrana, Rajasthan

2203:. With an total army of 75,000, Shah Jahan and his sons 5727:

The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India

5643:

UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 10 February 2011

3851:

The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India

3809:

The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India

2108: 2089:

Successful military campaigns against Deccan Sultanates

5088:. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 24. 4919:ʻInāyat Khān, approximately 1627-1670 or 1671 (1990). 3926: 2667:

is considered to be the most ornate Mughal-era mosque.

1729:, which had been a hostile force to the Mughals since 1713:

Shirt of the Personal Armour of Shah Jahan c.1632-1633

2136: 727:

in court chronicles. On the death of Jagat Gosain in

565:

from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. As the fifth

5868:. Government of India Press, Faridabad. p. 60. 5172:(10th ed.). Delhi: S. Chand. pp. 148–149. 4827:

Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh

4811: 3520: 2222: 2188: 528:(5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), commonly called 5991:

Shah Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor

5292:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2006). 4967:

The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians

5964: 5060:"The 5 most dominant economic empires of all time" 3786: 3784: 3718: 3690: 5483:Aesthetic Hybridity in Mughal Painting, 1526–1658 3663: 2981:Shah Jahan's first child born to his first wife, 2380:who failed to subdue Kolis. Subsequently, prince 7221: 5700:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 115. 5291: 5217:"Balkh Campaign: An Indian Army in Central Asia" 4773: 4771: 4143: 4141: 3943: 3623:Shah Jahan, Emperor Shahabuddin Muhammad Khurram 3521:Shujauddin, Mohammad; Shujauddik, Razia (1967). 2474: 1797:In 1618, Shah Jahan was given the first copy of 1655:After Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658, his daughter 1521:, with whom he had a daughter, his first child. 1513:, the daughter of a great-grandson of the great 5592:"A Qutub Minar that not many knew even existed" 5560:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 5271:. Columbia University Press. pp. 175–188. 3781: 2085:(free kitchens) for the victims of the famine. 1920:His regnal name is divided into various parts. 1774:In 1617, Khurram was directed to deal with the 800:, his grandmother and Jahangir's harem to him. 400:Mirza Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram Shah Jahan 4777: 4126: 3634: 1575:, the burial place of Shah Jahan and his wife 6181: 5848:. Central Archeological Library. p. 40. 5767:. Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi & Co. p. 40. 5243:. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. pp. 26–30. 4992: 4768: 4381:India in Early Modern English Travel Writings 4346:India in Early Modern English Travel Writings 4138: 2647:return after attending a congregation in the 2318: 2231:in 1637. Led by Mir Zarif, it reached Sultan 2161:Shah Jahan and his sons captured the city of 2093:In 1632, Shah Jahan captured the fortress at 1940:("His Majesty the Refuge of the Caliphate"), 1763:of Mewar to Prince Khurram, Tuzk-e-Jahangiri. 1650: 6014:(2nd ed.). Allahabad: The Indian Press. 4918: 2376:. Due to these disputes, he was replaced by 2054:Shah Jahan's empire. According to economist 1881:. In November 1623, he found safe asylum in 6030:. Vol. V. Cambridge University Press. 5787: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5698:People, Taxation, and Trade in Mughal India 5465:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5325:The Religious policy of the Mughal Emperors 5083: 4960: 4946:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4499:, Oxford University press, pp. 216–217 3987:The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719 3641:A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture 3603: 3525:. Lahore: Caravan Book House. p. 121. 3212:The only child of Shah Jahan's third wife, 2283:. The post was heavily armed with cannons, 1813:Shah Jahan on horseback (during his youth). 1704: 1528:Shah Jahan, accompanied by his three sons: 1458: 542: 425: 6188: 6174: 6081:History of Islam in India at IndiaNest.com 5327:, Asian publishing house, pp. 104–105 4993:Ohlander, Erik; Curry, John, eds. (2012). 4377:"Women in India: The "Sati" and the Harem" 4342:"Women in India: The "Sati" and the Harem" 4304:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 3989:. Cambridge University Press. p. 71. 3893: 3721:Illustrated dictionary of the Muslim world 3607:; Fenech, Louis E., eds. (2014). "Index". 2792: 695: 72: 5892:Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (2003) . 5788:Begley, W. E.; Desai, Z.A., eds. (1989). 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5232: 5230: 5133: 4666: 4428: 4177: 3543: 3335:Died at the age of one and a half years. 2930:Learn how and when to remove this message 2617:was built during the reign of Shah Jahan. 2491:. His reign ushered in the golden age of 1438:Learn how and when to remove this message 104:19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658 6381: 6018: 5861: 5747: 5720: 5666:History of Civilizations of Central Asia 5506: 5479: 5412: 5057: 5021: 4894: 4723:Mughal Emperors of Hindustan (1398–1707) 4374: 4339: 3844: 3802: 3749: 3611:. Oxford University Press. p. 649. 3419: 2478: 2465: 2446: 2391: 2251:and ordered his forces to accompany the 2211:temporarily occupied the territories of 2140: 2066:were demolished on Shah Jahan's orders. 1995: 1987: 1971: 1808: 1754: 1708: 1566: 1523: 5781: 5298:. Cengage Learning. pp. 431, 475. 5236: 5215:Hada, Ranvijay Singh (18 August 2020). 5167: 5112:(March 2007). "Making Famine History". 5108: 4970:. Vol. VI. London: Trübner and Co. 4877: 4745: 4691: 4637: 4608: 4579: 4550: 4509: 4456:, London: Routledge, pp. 121–132, 4238:The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan 4079: 4050: 4021: 3984: 3978: 3580:. Oxford University Press. p. 46. 1857:in March 1623. Later he took refuge in 676: 288: 1612; died 1631) 28:For other people named Shah Jahan, see 7222: 6007: 5985: 5938: 5762: 5695: 5682: 5381: 5318: 5227: 5084:Titus, Murray T; Dewick, E.C. (1979). 4980: 4906: 4720: 4538: 4490: 4447: 4199: 4120: 4108: 4009: 3972: 3960: 3950:. Idarah-i-Adabiyat-Delli. p. 48. 3947:Influence of Islam on Hindi Literature 3790: 3643:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 897. 3571: 2743:Silver rupee coin of Shah Jahan, from 2274: 1885:after he was driven from Agra and the 1222: 1105: 1101: 1091: 986: 876: 872: 6169: 5914: 5891: 5557: 5545: 5442: 5261: 4437:, Oxford University Press, p. 11 4335: 4333: 4159: 4147: 4132: 3916:. Vikas Publishing House. p. 52. 3838: 3832: 1830:court and, together with her brother 1501:, chief consort of Emperor Jahangir. 1295: 1285: 1281: 1269: 1266: 1256: 1240: 1230: 1226: 1210: 1204: 1194: 1181: 1171: 1167: 1155: 1149: 1139: 1123: 1113: 1109: 1085: 1075: 1062: 1052: 1048: 1036: 1030: 1020: 1004: 994: 990: 974: 968: 958: 942: 932: 928: 916: 910: 900: 884: 880: 536: 7270:History books about the 17th century 5959: 5865:Indian Archaeology 1962-63, A Review 5668:. Vol. V. UNESCO. p. 524. 5652: 5512: 5214: 4297: 4250: 3461:, 1946 Indian film about the emperor 2868:adding citations to reliable sources 2839: 2404:When Shah Jahan became ill in 1658, 2387: 2109:Sikh rebellion led by Guru Hargobind 1748:of the Mughal Empire as a result of 1376:adding citations to reliable sources 1347: 784: 526:Mirza Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram 6047:Textbook of Medieval Indian History 6044: 5971:. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. 5202: 5190: 4781:History of Medieval India: 800–1700 4418:, Adithya Prakashan, pp. 93–94 4409: 3911: 3691:Stanley Lane-Poole (January 2008). 3609:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 3578:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 2523:, large sections of Agra Fort, the 1944:("His Majesty the Shadow of God"). 1509:Princess (name not known) entitled 694: 685:' upon his accession) by his wife, 606:and crowned himself emperor in the 13: 6028:The New Cambridge History of India 5942:Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India 5898:The New Cambridge History of India 5584: 5058:Matthews, Chris (5 October 2014). 4429:Constable, Archibald, ed. (1916), 4330: 4160:Kumar, Anant (January–June 2014). 3930:History Of Shahjahan Of Dihli 1932 3894:Perston, Diana; Perston, Micheal. 3874: 3670:. Lancer Publishers. p. 283. 2705:and a spear pendant with the word 2563:. He also had the Peacock Throne, 2343:committed excesses and the Jam of 2227:Shah Jahan sent an embassy to the 2137:Relations with the Safavid dynasty 2097:and imprisoned Husein Shah of the 1267:7. Rajavat Kachawahi Manrang Devi 14: 7301: 7285:17th-century Mughal Empire people 6064: 5281:– via Frances W. Pritchett. 2223:Relations with the Ottoman Empire 2189:Military campaign in Central Asia 2069: 2024:commanded by princes and nobles. 1560:), and being responsible for the 1540:, and their maternal grandfather 850:comfortable life till her death. 841:and the other being the right to 6196: 5424: 4448:Manzar, Nishat (31 March 2023), 4410:Lal, Kishori Saran, ed. (1988), 3523:The Life and Times of Noor Jahan 3301: 3178: 3145: 3112: 3075: 3038: 2844: 2764: 2752: 2736: 2731:Gold Mohur from Akbarabad (Agra) 2724: 2686: 2672: 2656: 2636: 2622: 2602: 2588: 2113:A rebellion of the Sikhs led by 1610:, where she was later reburied. 1352: 668:began to shape Mughal policies. 515: 16:Mughal emperor from 1628 to 1658 6493:Suppression of Tilpat rebellion 5885: 5855: 5836: 5806: 5714: 5646: 5634: 5609: 5551: 5539: 5527:. Archeological Survey of India 5518: 5500: 5473: 5436: 5406: 5375: 5349: 5331: 5312: 5285: 5255: 5237:Farooqi, Naimur Rahman (1989). 5208: 5196: 5184: 5161: 5102: 5077: 5051: 5015: 4986: 4974: 4954: 4912: 4900: 4888: 4871: 4805: 4739: 4714: 4685: 4660: 4631: 4602: 4573: 4544: 4532: 4503: 4484: 4441: 4422: 4403: 4368: 4291: 4244: 4230: 4205: 4193: 4153: 4114: 4102: 4073: 4044: 4015: 4003: 3966: 3954: 3937: 3927:Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1932). 3920: 3905: 3887: 3868: 3826: 3796: 3763: 3415: 2855:needs additional citations for 2145:Painting of Shah Jahan hunting 1956:; and his cousins Tahmuras and 1924:, meaning "Star of the Faith", 1901:, on 20 April 1624. He entered 1804: 1363:needs additional citations for 655: 578: 305: 285: 264: 7030:List of tombs of Mughal Empire 6488:Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653) 6483:Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623) 5939:Findly, Ellison Banks (1993). 5455:– via Project Gutenberg. 5382:Behera, Maguni Charan (2019). 5114:Journal of Economic Literature 4669:World Monarchies and Dynasties 4375:Banerjee, Rita (7 July 2021), 4340:Banerjee, Rita (7 July 2021), 4166:Case Reports in Women's Health 3711: 3684: 3657: 3628: 3597: 3565: 3537: 3514: 3479: 2396:Shah Jahan and his eldest son 1493:finance minister and his son, 1: 7235:Emperors of the Mughal Empire 5168:Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1971) . 5027:The World Economy Volumes 1–2 4884:. Edinburgh Press. p. 6. 4832:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 4812:Muazzam Hussain Khan (2012). 4491:Irvine, William, ed. (1907), 4251:Koul, Ashish (January 2022). 3468: 2759:Copper Dam from Daryakot mint 2475:Contributions to architecture 2299:region, and the garrison was 1700:"The talk of the Low People". 1675:confining of Jahanara in the 1643:. The marriage took place at 1485:. The family's patriarch was 1468:The Exalted One of the Palace 671: 622:, where his favorite consort 83: 7255:17th-century Indian monarchs 5894:Architecture of Mughal India 5558:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1984) . 5268:Muslim Civilization in India 2507:other constructions are the 2483:Imperial Seals of Shah Jahan 2444:, Shah Jahan died, aged 74. 2306: 2195:Mughal Central Asia Campaign 1343: 810: 740: 7: 7260:17th-century Indian Muslims 6538:Mughal–Portuguese conflicts 6071:Shah Jehan in Christian Art 5945:. Oxford University Press. 4721:Holden, Edward S. (2004) . 4383:, Brill, pp. 173–208, 4348:, Brill, pp. 173–208, 4240:. Vol. II. p. 45. 3576:; Fenech, Louis E. (eds.). 3435: 2947: 2062:, write that 76 temples in 1477:noble family that included 853: 30:Shah Jahan (disambiguation) 10: 7306: 6937:Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad 6093:Shah Jahan's Coin Database 5486:. Routledge. p. 116. 5480:Gonzalez, Valerie (2016). 4814:"Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang" 4746:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4692:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4671:. Routledge. p. 451. 4638:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4609:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4580:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4551:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4510:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4179:10.1016/j.crwh.2014.07.001 4080:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4051:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 4022:Emperor, Jahangir (1999). 3985:Faruqui, Munis D. (2012). 3664:Gabrielle Festing (2008). 2319:Revolts against Shah Jahan 2192: 2073: 2046:were mass-produced in the 1992:Shah Jahan the Great Mogul 1960:, sons of the late Prince 1936:("His Imperial Majesty"), 1750:Mughal expedition of Mewar 1651:Relationship with Jahanara 1216: 1103: 980: 874: 559:Shah Jahan the Magnificent 328: 27: 20: 7146: 7080: 7038: 6975: 6957:Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta 6927: 6886: 6877: 6750: 6679: 6546: 6460: 6326: 6208: 6154: 6145: 6137: 6132: 6105: 5319:Sharma, Ram, ed. (1962), 4269:10.1017/S0026749X20000578 3944:Saiyada Asad Alī (2000). 3498:10.1017/9781108867948.007 2944: 2820: 2812: 2800: 2791: 2778: 2451:The Passing of Shah Jahan 2412:, Viceroy of Bengal, and 2259:, where they set sail to 2239:While he was encamped in 1639:and half brother of Raja 1283: 1275: 1250: 1228: 1224: 1188: 1169: 1161: 1133: 1111: 1107: 1069: 1050: 1042: 1014: 992: 988: 952: 930: 922: 894: 878: 630:, the conflicts with the 509: 492: 482: 472: 460: 448: 423: 416: 411: 404: 399: 394: 390: 321: 246: 229: 190: 151: 147: 137: 118: 108: 100: 93: 71: 44: 39: 6528:Indian Rebellion of 1857 6473:Mughal conquest of Malwa 5696:Moosvi, Shireen (2008). 5295:World History: From 1500 4824:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). 4667:Middleton, John (2015). 3875:Kamboh, Muhammad Saleh. 3667:When Kings Rode to Delhi 3473: 2830: 2771:Silver Rupee from Multan 2714: 2076:Deccan famine of 1630–32 1967: 1938:Hazrat-i-Khilafat-Panahi 1926:Sahib al-Quiran ud-Thani 1899:Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang 1822:1611 his father married 1736:After a year of a harsh 1705:Early military campaigns 1623:Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana 781:'s health deteriorated. 640:Deccan famine of 1630–32 538:[ʃɑːhd͡ʒa.ˈhɑːn] 435:One who nest in Paradise 66:(King of Kings of India) 21:Not to be confused with 6503:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 6045:Sen, Sailendra (2013). 5924:. Penguin Books India. 5872:Of the inscriptions of 5763:Sarker, Kobita (2007). 5414:Campbell, James Macnabb 4983:, pp. 275–282, 284 4778:Satish Chandra (2007). 4462:10.4324/9781003400202-9 3933:. Indian Press Limited. 3775:Encyclopædia Britannica 3284:Died soon after birth. 2457:Sayyid Muhammad Qanauji 2095:Daulatabad, Maharashtra 862:Ancestors of Shah Jahan 314:Kunwari Leelavati Deiji 6008:Prasad, Beni (1930) . 5828:: CS1 maint: others ( 4878:Hossain, Syud (1909). 4435:Travels in Mogul India 4412:"The Charge of Incest" 3697:. Cosimo. p. 88. 3635:Flood, Finbarr Barry; 3452:Wine cup of Shah Jahan 3425: 3407:. She died unmarried. 2836:Children of Shah Jahan 2680:Moti Masjid (Red Fort) 2484: 2471: 2455:Shah Jahan's chaplain 2452: 2440:) and verses from the 2401: 2158: 2009: 1993: 1985: 1889:. He advanced through 1814: 1764: 1714: 1596:postpartum haemorrhage 1579: 1544: 1063:11. Champavati Solanki 636:wars with the Safavids 534:Persian pronunciation: 7015:Tomb of Salim Chishti 6498:Ahom–Mughal conflicts 6248:Aurangzeb (Alamgir I) 5660:. In Adle, Chahryar; 4881:Echoes from Old Dacca 4497:Storia Do Mogor Vol 1 4298:Bano, Shadab (2013). 4213:"The Taj Mahal Story" 3423: 2482: 2469: 2450: 2395: 2144: 2038:During his reign the 2004:Shah Jahan of India, 1999: 1991: 1975: 1812: 1758: 1721:campaign against the 1712: 1570: 1527: 1479:Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan 7280:Subahdars of Gujarat 6977:Tombs and mausoleums 6086:18 June 2006 at the 5653:Dani, A. H. (2003). 5445:"History of Gujarát" 5388:. New Delhi, India: 5170:Mughal Rule in India 5035:10.1787/456125276116 4784:. Orient BlackSwan. 4257:Modern Asian Studies 3235:February/March 1621 2864:improve this article 2816:His Imperial Majesty 2438:Laa ilaaha ill allah 2428:Jahanara Begum Sahib 1372:improve this article 773:and his grandmother 715:Ruqaiya Sultan Begum 689:. The name Khurram ( 677:Birth and background 563:Emperor of Hindustan 95:Emperor of Hindustan 6942:Jama Masjid (Delhi) 6508:Mughal–Maratha wars 6011:History of Jahangir 5621:www.tajmahal.gov.in 4217:www.tajmahal.gov.in 3087:The eldest son and 2643:Shah Jahan and the 2545:Mahabat Khan Mosque 2493:Mughal architecture 2489:Mughal architecture 2275:War with Portuguese 2123:Battle of Kartarpur 2099:Nizam Shahi Kingdom 2029:Timurid Renaissance 1982:Windsor Padshahnama 1942:Hazrat Zill-i-Ilahi 1817:Inheritance in the 1769:Shah Sultan Khurram 1641:Sur Singh of Marwar 771:Salima Sultan Begum 7275:People from Lahore 7194:Nizam of Hyderabad 6468:Mughal-Rajput wars 6288:Ahmad Shah Bahadur 6253:Muhammad Azam Shah 5596:The Times of India 5447:. pp. 278–283 5419:History of Gujarát 5361:The Indian Express 5205:, pp. 169–170 5193:, pp. 170–171 5126:10.1257/jel.45.1.5 3912:Lal, Muni (1986). 3777:. 17 October 2023. 3426: 3244:Surayya Banu Begum 3233:18 December 1619 – 3154:11 September 1671 3152:3 September 1617 – 3047:16 September 1681 2649:Jama Masjid, Delhi 2539:, sections of the 2485: 2472: 2453: 2418:Battle of Samugarh 2402: 2201:Khanate of Bukhara 2175:Mughal–Safavid War 2171:Abbas II of Persia 2159: 2119:Battle of Amritsar 2010: 1994: 1986: 1976:Shah Jahan at his 1815: 1765: 1759:The Submission of 1715: 1580: 1545: 424:Firduas Ashiyani ( 7217: 7216: 7204:Kingdom of Mysore 7138:Foreign relations 7076: 7075: 7025:Tomb of Nur Jahan 7020:Tomb of Aurangzeb 6967:Wazir Khan Mosque 6887:Forts and palaces 6873: 6872: 6845:Guru Gobind Singh 6773:Bayazid of Sylhet 6456: 6455: 6356:Foreign relations 6164: 6163: 6155:Succeeded by 6024:The Mughal Empire 6020:Richards, John F. 5799:978-0-295-96944-2 5641:Shah Jahan Mosque 4933:978-0-19-562489-2 4820:; Miah, Sajahan; 4732:978-81-206-1883-1 4678:978-1-317-45158-7 4471:978-1-003-40020-2 4390:978-90-04-44826-1 4355:978-90-04-44826-1 3996:978-1-107-02217-1 3736:978-0-7614-7929-1 3704:978-1-60520-496-3 3677:978-0-9796174-9-2 3650:978-1-119-06857-0 3618:978-0-19-969930-8 3587:978-0-19-969930-8 3558:978-90-04-10070-1 3507:978-1-108-49121-1 3411: 3410: 3379:Died in infancy. 3357:Died in infancy. 3330:4 November 1626 – 3310:14 December 1661 3264:at the age of 7. 3238:Died in infancy. 3185:3 November 1618 – 3017:at the age of 3. 2992:Hur-ul-Nisa Begum 2964:Parhez Banu Begum 2940: 2939: 2932: 2914: 2828: 2827: 2821:Alternative style 2665:Wazir Khan Mosque 2611:Naulakha Pavilion 2572:Shah Jahan Mosque 2529:Wazir Khan Mosque 2388:Illness and death 2165:in 1638 from the 2127:Battle of Rohilla 2020:men, and 185,000 1934:Hazrat Shahenshah 1839:Shahzada Shahryar 1619:Izz un-Nisa Begum 1448: 1447: 1440: 1422: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1335: 945:Hamida Banu Begum 785:Khusrau rebellion 767:Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri 705: 628:Deccan sultanates 616:Shah Jahan Mosque 572:The third son of 552:King of the World 523: 522: 444: 443: 344:Hur-ul-Nisa Begum 339:Parhez Banu Begum 64:Shahenshah-e-Hind 60:Al-Sultan Al-Azam 7297: 7250:People from Agra 7184:Nawabs of Bengal 7147:Successor states 7051:Shalimar Gardens 6995:Gardens of Babur 6884: 6883: 6830:Lachit Borphukan 6544: 6543: 6533:Mughal–Sikh wars 6478:Gujarat conquest 6379: 6378: 6371:Mughal artillery 6200: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6167: 6166: 6138:Preceded by 6128: 6121: 6103: 6102: 6060: 6049:. Primus Books. 6041: 6015: 6004: 5993:. London: Haus. 5982: 5970: 5956: 5935: 5911: 5880: 5879: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5827: 5819: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5760: 5745: 5744: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5693: 5680: 5679: 5659: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5464: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5423: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5234: 5225: 5224: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5137: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5019: 5013: 5012: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4945: 4937: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4748:The Jahangirnama 4743: 4737: 4736: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4694:The Jahangirnama 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3655: 3654: 3637:Necipoglu, Gulru 3632: 3626: 3625: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3545:Necipoğlu, Gülru 3541: 3535: 3534: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3483: 3308:8 October 1624 – 3305: 3182: 3149: 3121:7 February 1661 3116: 3079: 3042: 2976:21 August 1611 – 2942: 2941: 2935: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2872: 2848: 2840: 2796: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2768: 2756: 2740: 2728: 2690: 2676: 2660: 2640: 2626: 2606: 2592: 2561:Shahjahan Mosque 2553:Mini Qutub Minar 2537:Shalimar Gardens 2511:also called the 2131:Battle of Lahira 1870:Jagmandir Palace 1738:war of attrition 1692:Niccolao Manucci 1684:Francois Bernier 1584:Gauhar Ara Begum 1487:Mirza Ghiyas Beg 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1443: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1380: 1356: 1348: 1033:Mariam-uz-Zamani 868: 867: 859: 858: 798:Mariam-uz-Zamani 775:Mariam-uz-Zamani 747:martial training 700: 698: 697: 659: 658: 1658–1707 657: 582: 581: 1605–1627 580: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 540: 535: 519: 505: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 392: 391: 382:Gauhar Ara Begum 332: 309: 307: 297:Izzunnissa Begum 289: 287: 268: 266: 215:, Mughal Empire 197: 163: 161: 114:14 February 1628 88: 85: 76: 37: 36: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7294: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7189:Nawabs of Awadh 7142: 7123:Persian Mughals 7072: 7056:Achabal Gardens 7034: 7005:Jahangir's Tomb 6990:Bibi Ka Maqbara 6971: 6952:Badshahi Mosque 6923: 6869: 6835:Khushal Khattak 6810:Maharana Pratap 6746: 6675: 6656:Thanesar (1710) 6651:Thanesar (1567) 6542: 6452: 6377: 6322: 6318:Bahadur Shah II 6273:Rafi ud-Darajat 6204: 6194: 6160: 6151: 6143: 6127:22 January 1666 6122: 6116: 6115: 6112:Timurid dynasty 6108: 6088:Wayback Machine 6067: 6057: 6038: 6001: 5979: 5953: 5932: 5908: 5888: 5883: 5860: 5856: 5842: 5841: 5837: 5821: 5820: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5800: 5786: 5782: 5775: 5761: 5748: 5738: 5719: 5715: 5708: 5694: 5683: 5676: 5657: 5651: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5600: 5598: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5570: 5556: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5530: 5528: 5517: 5513: 5505: 5501: 5494: 5478: 5474: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5448: 5441: 5437: 5425: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5390:Springer Nature 5380: 5376: 5366: 5364: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5317: 5313: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5260: 5256: 5235: 5228: 5213: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5166: 5162: 5110:Ó Gráda, Cormac 5107: 5103: 5096: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5023:Maddison, Angus 5020: 5016: 5009: 5001:. p. 141. 4991: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4959: 4955: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4842: 4822:Khanam, Mahfuza 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4776: 4769: 4762: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4690: 4686: 4679: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4636: 4632: 4625: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4578: 4574: 4567: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4508: 4504: 4489: 4485: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4446: 4442: 4427: 4423: 4408: 4404: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4373: 4369: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4338: 4331: 4296: 4292: 4249: 4245: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4158: 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2717: 2710: 2691: 2682: 2677: 2668: 2661: 2652: 2641: 2632: 2627: 2618: 2607: 2598: 2593: 2477: 2390: 2321: 2309: 2277: 2255:to the port of 2225: 2197: 2191: 2139: 2111: 2091: 2078: 2072: 1970: 1807: 1761:Rana Amar Singh 1707: 1653: 1586:in the city of 1511:Kandahari Begum 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1444: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1381: 1379: 1369: 1357: 1346: 1341: 1182:13. Swarup Devi 856: 825:Hissar-e-Feroza 813: 787: 743: 679: 674: 654: 577: 557:), also called 554: 551: 548: 545: 533: 499: 437: 434: 431: 428: 418:Posthumous name 386: 364:Roshanara Begum 329:among others... 326: 325: 317: 311: 308: 1617) 303: 299: 291: 283: 279: 276: 270: 267: 1610) 262: 258: 256:Kandahari Begum 242: 216: 199: 195: 194:22 January 1666 177: 165: 159: 157: 156: 125: 89: 86: 62: 58: 54: 50: 33: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7303: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7164:Maratha Empire 7161: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7046:Fatehpur Sikri 7042: 7040: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 7000:Humayun's Tomb 6997: 6992: 6987: 6981: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6962:Sunehri Masjid 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6933: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6914:Jahangir Mahal 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6890: 6888: 6881: 6875: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6800:Sher Shah Suri 6797: 6792: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6626:Panipat (1761) 6623: 6621:Panipat (1556) 6618: 6616:Panipat (1526) 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6561:Badli-ki-Serai 6558: 6552: 6550: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6389: 6387: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6330: 6328: 6327:Administration 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6298:Shah Jahan III 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6258:Bahadur Shah I 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6214: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6193: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6170: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6153: 6148:Mughal Emperor 6144: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6133:Regnal titles 6130: 6129: 6120:5 January 1592 6109: 6106: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6078: 6073: 6066: 6065:External links 6063: 6062: 6061: 6056:978-9380607344 6055: 6042: 6037:978-0521566032 6036: 6016: 6005: 6000:978-1906598181 5999: 5987:Nicoll, Fergus 5983: 5978:978-0500342091 5977: 5957: 5952:978-0195360608 5951: 5936: 5931:978-0141001432 5930: 5916:Eraly, Abraham 5912: 5907:978-0521267281 5906: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5854: 5835: 5805: 5798: 5780: 5774:978-8170743002 5773: 5746: 5736: 5713: 5707:978-0195693157 5706: 5681: 5675:978-9231038761 5674: 5645: 5633: 5617:"Callingraphy" 5608: 5583: 5569:978-8120710153 5568: 5550: 5538: 5511: 5499: 5493:978-1317184874 5492: 5472: 5435: 5405: 5399:978-9813290266 5398: 5392:. p. 46. 5374: 5348: 5330: 5311: 5305:978-0495050544 5304: 5284: 5278:978-0231025805 5277: 5254: 5226: 5207: 5195: 5183: 5160: 5101: 5095:978-8170690962 5094: 5076: 5050: 5043: 5014: 5007: 4985: 4973: 4953: 4932: 4911: 4899: 4887: 4870: 4840: 4818:Islam, Sirajul 4804: 4791:978-8125032267 4790: 4767: 4760: 4738: 4731: 4713: 4706: 4684: 4677: 4659: 4652: 4630: 4623: 4601: 4594: 4572: 4565: 4543: 4531: 4524: 4502: 4483: 4470: 4454:Islam in India 4440: 4421: 4402: 4389: 4367: 4354: 4329: 4290: 4243: 4229: 4204: 4192: 4152: 4137: 4125: 4113: 4101: 4094: 4072: 4065: 4043: 4036: 4014: 4002: 3995: 3977: 3965: 3953: 3936: 3919: 3904: 3886: 3867: 3860: 3837: 3825: 3818: 3795: 3780: 3762: 3742: 3735: 3710: 3703: 3683: 3676: 3656: 3649: 3627: 3617: 3596: 3586: 3564: 3557: 3547:, ed. (1994). 3536: 3513: 3506: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3454: 3449: 3447:Shah Jahan III 3444: 3437: 3434: 3417: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3401: 3398:17 June 1631 – 3396: 3394: 3389: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3306: 3299: 3294: 3286: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3257:28 April 1628 3255:10 June 1621 – 3253: 3251: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3231: 3229: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3210: 3207:25 June 1619 – 3205: 3203: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3171: 3169:Mughal emperor 3159: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3119:23 June 1616 – 3117: 3110: 3105: 3097: 3096: 3085: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3056: 3055: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3024:Jahanara Begum 3019: 3018: 3013:. She died of 3007: 3002: 3000: 2995: 2987: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2972: 2967: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2938: 2937: 2852: 2850: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2789: 2788: 2774: 2773: 2770: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2751: 2749: 2742: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2692: 2685: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2669: 2662: 2655: 2653: 2642: 2635: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2608: 2601: 2599: 2594: 2587: 2476: 2473: 2424:in Agra Fort. 2389: 2386: 2320: 2317: 2308: 2305: 2276: 2273: 2224: 2221: 2193:Main article: 2190: 2187: 2185:and Kandahar. 2155:Madhya Pradesh 2153:, present-day 2138: 2135: 2115:Guru Hargobind 2110: 2107: 2090: 2087: 2074:Main article: 2071: 2070:Famine of 1630 2068: 2056:Angus Maddison 2002:Mughal Emperor 1969: 1966: 1954:Prince Khusrau 1866:Karan Singh II 1864:with Maharana 1806: 1803: 1706: 1703: 1657:Jahanara Begum 1652: 1649: 1600:Prince Daniyal 1446: 1445: 1360: 1358: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126:Maldeo Rathore 1122: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 993: 991: 989: 987: 985: 982: 981: 979: 976: 975: 973: 967: 964: 963: 960: 959: 957: 954: 953: 951: 948: 947: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933: 931: 929: 927: 924: 923: 921: 918: 917: 915: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 899: 896: 895: 893: 890: 889: 883: 881: 879: 877: 875: 873: 871: 864: 863: 857: 855: 852: 847:Shahryar Mirza 834:Shahryar Mirza 812: 809: 791:Prince Khusrau 786: 783: 742: 739: 678: 675: 673: 670: 604:Shahryar Mirza 598:nobles of the 594:and the rebel 567:Mughal emperor 521: 520: 513: 507: 506: 494: 490: 489: 484: 480: 479: 474: 470: 469: 467:Mughal dynasty 464: 458: 457: 455:House of Babur 452: 446: 445: 442: 441: 421: 420: 414: 413: 409: 408: 402: 401: 397: 396: 388: 387: 385: 384: 379: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 349:Jahanara Begum 346: 341: 335: 333: 319: 318: 316: 315: 312: 301: 295: 294: 292: 281: 277: 272: 271: 260: 254: 253: 250: 248: 244: 243: 233: 231: 227: 226: 201:Muthamman Burj 198:(aged 74) 192: 188: 187: 164:5 January 1592 153: 149: 148: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 120: 116: 115: 112: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 91: 90: 77: 69: 68: 42: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7302: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7169:Rajput states 7167: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7145: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6876: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6518:Carnatic wars 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6308:Shah Jahan IV 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6283:Muhammad Shah 6281: 6279: 6278:Shah Jahan II 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6263:Jahandar Shah 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6202:Mughal Empire 6199: 6191: 6186: 6184: 6179: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6168: 6159: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6119: 6114: 6113: 6104: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6058: 6052: 6048: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6012: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5867: 5866: 5858: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5839: 5831: 5825: 5817: 5816: 5809: 5801: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5776: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5709: 5703: 5699: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5637: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5561: 5554: 5548:, p. 169 5547: 5542: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5509:, p. 158 5508: 5507:Richards 1993 5503: 5495: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5476: 5468: 5462: 5446: 5439: 5432: 5431:public domain 5421: 5420: 5415: 5409: 5401: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5378: 5363:. 5 July 2024 5362: 5358: 5352: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5307: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5288: 5280: 5274: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5258: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5233: 5231: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5199: 5192: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5105: 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M. 4957: 4949: 4943: 4935: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4915: 4909:, p. 157 4908: 4903: 4897:, p. 117 4896: 4895:Richards 1993 4891: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4841:984-32-0576-6 4837: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4793: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4774: 4772: 4763: 4761:9780195127188 4757: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4734: 4728: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4707:9780195127188 4703: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4680: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4655: 4653:9780195127188 4649: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4626: 4624:9780195127188 4620: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4595:9780195127188 4591: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4568: 4566:9780195127188 4562: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4535: 4527: 4525:9780195127188 4521: 4517: 4513: 4506: 4498: 4494: 4493:"Begum Saheb" 4487: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4436: 4432: 4431:"Begum Saheb" 4425: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4392: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4357: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4334: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4263:(1): 96–141. 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4202:, p. 177 4201: 4196: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4150:, p. 379 4149: 4144: 4142: 4135:, p. 300 4134: 4129: 4122: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4097: 4095:9780195127188 4091: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4068: 4066:9780195127188 4062: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4039: 4037:9780195127188 4033: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4011: 4006: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3949: 3948: 3940: 3932: 3931: 3923: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3861:0-19-512718-8 3857: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3835:, p. 299 3834: 3829: 3821: 3819:0-19-512718-8 3815: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3799: 3793:, p. 125 3792: 3787: 3785: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3750:Richards 1993 3746: 3738: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3714: 3706: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3687: 3679: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3660: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3631: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3482: 3478: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3442:Shah Jahan II 3440: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3422: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3386:Gauhara Begum 3383: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3363:Husnara Begum 3361: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3187:3 March 1707 3184: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3136:Padshah Begum 3133: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3089:heir-apparent 3086: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3052:Padshah Begum 3049: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3029:Padshah Begum 3026: 3025: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2943: 2934: 2931: 2923: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2881: – 2880: 2876: 2875:Find sources: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2853:This section 2851: 2847: 2842: 2841: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2787: 2777: 2767: 2762: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2708: 2704: 2701:(combining a 2700: 2699:Mughal Empire 2696: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2449: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2399: 2394: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2341:North Gujarat 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2229:Ottoman court 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2147:Asiatic lions 2143: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2086: 2084: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2040:Marwari horse 2036: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1990: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1965: 1963: 1962:Daniyal Mirza 1959: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922:Shihab ud-Din 1918: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1819:Mughal Empire 1811: 1802: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1711: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1562:imperial seal 1559: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1515:Shah Ismail I 1512: 1508: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1457: 1453: 1442: 1439: 1431: 1428:February 2024 1420: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1389: – 1388: 1384: 1383:Find sources: 1377: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1361:This section 1359: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1299: 1296:15. Indravati 1293: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1002: 1001: 998: 997: 984: 983: 978: 977: 972: 966: 965: 962: 961: 956: 955: 950: 949: 946: 940: 939: 936: 935: 926: 925: 920: 919: 914: 908: 907: 904: 903: 898: 897: 892: 891: 888: 882: 870: 869: 866: 865: 861: 860: 851: 848: 844: 840: 835: 830: 826: 822: 818: 817:Khusrau Mirza 808: 805: 801: 799: 794: 792: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 738: 735: 730: 726: 725: 718: 716: 711: 709: 703: 692: 688: 684: 669: 667: 663: 652: 648: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 586: 575: 570: 568: 564: 560: 539: 531: 527: 518: 514: 512: 511:Imperial Seal 508: 503: 498: 495: 491: 488: 485: 481: 478: 475: 471: 468: 465: 463: 459: 456: 453: 451: 447: 422: 419: 415: 410: 407: 403: 398: 393: 389: 383: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 334: 331: 330: 324: 320: 313: 298: 293: 275: 257: 252: 251: 249: 245: 240: 239:Uttar Pradesh 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 219:Uttar Pradesh 217:(present-day 214: 210: 206: 202: 193: 189: 185: 181: 178:(present-day 176: 175:Mughal Empire 172: 168: 154: 150: 146: 143: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 121: 117: 113: 111: 107: 103: 99: 96: 92: 81: 75: 70: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 48: 43: 38: 35: 31: 24: 19: 7157: 7065: 7061:Shahi Bridge 6985:Akbar's Tomb 6947:Chawk Mosque 6919:Sheesh Mahal 6904:Lalbagh Fort 6879:Architecture 6865:Hector Munro 6840:Josiah Child 6790:Ibrahim Lodi 6783:Pratapaditya 6768:Khwaja Usman 6566:Bhuchar Mori 6382: 6303:Shah Alam II 6268:Farrukhsiyar 6242: 6146: 6124: 6117: 6110: 6046: 6023: 6010: 5990: 5966: 5941: 5920: 5893: 5886:Bibliography 5873: 5871: 5869: 5864: 5857: 5849: 5844: 5838: 5814: 5808: 5789: 5783: 5764: 5741: 5726: 5716: 5697: 5665: 5662:Habib, Irfan 5648: 5636: 5624:. Retrieved 5620: 5611: 5601:21 September 5599:. Retrieved 5595: 5586: 5559: 5553: 5541: 5529:. Retrieved 5524: 5519:ASI, India. 5514: 5502: 5482: 5475: 5449:. Retrieved 5438: 5418: 5408: 5384: 5377: 5365:. Retrieved 5360: 5351: 5342: 5333: 5324: 5321:"Shah Jahan" 5314: 5294: 5287: 5267: 5263:Ikram, S. M. 5257: 5239: 5220: 5210: 5198: 5186: 5169: 5163: 5155: 5117: 5113: 5104: 5086:Indian Islam 5085: 5079: 5067:. Retrieved 5063: 5053: 5026: 5017: 4994: 4988: 4976: 4966: 4956: 4921: 4914: 4902: 4890: 4880: 4873: 4863:28 September 4861:. Retrieved 4825: 4807: 4797:24 September 4795:. Retrieved 4780: 4747: 4741: 4722: 4716: 4693: 4687: 4668: 4662: 4639: 4633: 4610: 4604: 4581: 4575: 4552: 4546: 4534: 4511: 4505: 4496: 4486: 4475:, retrieved 4453: 4443: 4434: 4424: 4415: 4405: 4394:, retrieved 4380: 4370: 4359:, retrieved 4345: 4307: 4303: 4293: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4237: 4232: 4220:. Retrieved 4216: 4207: 4195: 4183:. Retrieved 4169: 4165: 4155: 4128: 4123:, p. 66 4116: 4104: 4081: 4075: 4052: 4046: 4023: 4017: 4012:, p. 56 4005: 3986: 3980: 3975:, p. 49 3968: 3956: 3946: 3939: 3929: 3922: 3913: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3880: 3877:Amal I Salih 3876: 3870: 3850: 3840: 3828: 3808: 3798: 3774: 3771:"Shah Jahan" 3765: 3753: 3745: 3720: 3713: 3693: 3686: 3666: 3659: 3640: 3630: 3622: 3608: 3599: 3591: 3577: 3567: 3548: 3539: 3522: 3516: 3488: 3481: 3464: 3456: 3431: 3427: 3416:Inscriptions 3392:Mumtaz Mahal 3384: 3368:Mumtaz Mahal 3362: 3354:13 May 1629 3352:8 May 1628 – 3346:Mumtaz Mahal 3340: 3332:13 May 1628 3324:Mumtaz Mahal 3318: 3297:Mumtaz Mahal 3291:Murad Bakhsh 3289: 3275:Mumtaz Mahal 3269: 3249:Mumtaz Mahal 3243: 3227:Mumtaz Mahal 3221: 3214:Izz-un-Nissa 3201:Izz-un-Nissa 3195: 3174:Mumtaz Mahal 3168: 3162: 3141:Mumtaz Mahal 3135: 3129: 3108:Mumtaz Mahal 3100: 3071:Mumtaz Mahal 3065: 3059: 3034:Mumtaz Mahal 3028: 3022: 3011:Mumtaz Mahal 3006:5 June 1616 2998:Mumtaz Mahal 2990: 2962: 2926: 2920:January 2021 2917: 2907: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2879:"Shah Jahan" 2874: 2862:Please help 2857:verification 2854: 2813:Spoken style 2783: 2718: 2609:The elegant 2569: 2565:Takht e Taus 2516: 2512: 2505: 2497:Mumtaz Mahal 2486: 2461: 2454: 2437: 2432: 2426: 2422:house arrest 2403: 2382:Murad Bakhsh 2378:Shaista Khan 2322: 2310: 2278: 2263:and finally 2238: 2226: 2209:Murad Bakhsh 2198: 2160: 2112: 2092: 2082: 2079: 2059: 2052: 2048:Jaigarh Fort 2037: 2026: 2011: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1883:Bengal Subah 1852: 1836: 1816: 1805:Rebel prince 1799:Jahangirnama 1796: 1787: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1746:vassal state 1742:Amar Singh I 1735: 1716: 1699: 1681: 1662: 1654: 1627: 1612: 1581: 1577:Mumtaz Mahal 1557: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1542:Asaf Khan IV 1503: 1452:Mumtaz Mahal 1449: 1434: 1425: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1394: 1387:"Shah Jahan" 1382: 1370:Please help 1365:verification 1362: 1207:Jagat Gosain 1152:Udai Singh I 1088:Shah Jahan I 1087: 814: 806: 802: 795: 788: 744: 734:Mumtaz Mahal 723: 719: 712: 687:Jagat Gosain 680: 644: 624:Mumtaz Mahal 571: 558: 530:Shah Jahan I 529: 525: 524: 487:Jagat Gosain 374:Murad Bakhsh 327: 274:Mumtaz Mahal 196:(1666-01-22) 171:Lahore Subah 130: 78:Portrait by 45: 40:Shah Jahan I 34: 18: 7245:1666 deaths 7240:1592 births 7179:Sikh Empire 7158:interrupted 6899:Lahore Fort 6850:Henry Every 6815:Malik Ambar 6758:Baro-Bhuyan 6751:Adversaries 6737:Ranthambore 6692:Chittorgarh 6513:Child's war 6339:family tree 6107:Shah Jahan 5521:"Taj Mahal" 5120:(1): 5–38. 4981:Findly 1993 4907:Nicoll 2009 4539:Prasad 1930 4477:12 February 4396:12 February 4361:12 February 4310:: 245–250. 4200:Nicoll 2009 4185:21 December 4121:Nicoll 2009 4109:Prasad 1930 4010:Nicoll 2009 3973:Nicoll 2009 3961:Prasad 1930 3791:Findly 1993 3341:Daulat Afza 3270:Unnamed son 3222:Izad Bakhsh 3209:March 1621 3196:Jahan Afroz 3061:Dara Shikoh 2645:Mughal Army 2615:Lahore Fort 2541:Lahore Fort 2533:Moti Masjid 2525:Jama Masjid 2414:Murad Baksh 2406:Dara Shikoh 2398:Dara Shikoh 2285:battleships 2281:Port Hoogly 2179:Khyber Pass 2157:, from 1630 2060:Badshahnama 1980:, from the 1673:Aurangzeb's 1671:. He cites 1604:Tapti River 1530:Dara Shikoh 647:Dara Shikoh 497:Sunni Islam 406:Regnal name 378:Jahan Afroz 354:Dara Shikoh 119:Predecessor 87: 1630 7224:Categories 7209:Rohilkhand 7154:Sur Empire 6860:Nader Shah 6795:Rana Sanga 6707:Daulatabad 6591:Haldighati 6523:Bengal war 6361:Government 6293:Alamgir II 6243:Shah Jahan 6152:1627–1658 6098:Shah Jahan 5961:Koch, Ebba 5874:Shah Jahan 5737:0195127188 5578:1008395679 5546:Asher 2003 5531:8 December 5525:asi.nic.in 5451:16 October 5221:PeepulTree 5044:9264022619 4148:Eraly 2000 4133:Eraly 2000 3914:Shah Jahan 3833:Eraly 2000 3754:Shah Jahan 3489:Shah Jahan 3469:References 3319:Lutf Allah 3102:Shah Shuja 2890:newspapers 2807:Shahanshah 2785:Shah Jahan 2513:Delhi Fort 2372:temple in 2217:Badakhshan 2129:, and the 2103:Ahmednagar 2014:musketeers 2000:Throne of 1930:Shah Jahan 1828:Jahangir's 1788:Shah Jahan 1663:Historian 1637:Udai Singh 1602:along the 1534:Shah Shuja 1491:Jahangir's 1398:newspapers 843:mint coins 672:Early life 666:Naqshbandi 634:, and the 632:Portuguese 477:Jahangir I 412:Shah Jahan 359:Shah Shuja 213:Agra Subah 160:1592-01-05 123:Jahangir I 110:Coronation 23:Jahan Shah 7230:Taj Mahal 7010:Taj Mahal 6894:Agra Fort 6855:Bajirao I 6778:Musa Khan 6732:Purandhar 6636:Raj Mahal 6611:Najafgarh 6461:Conflicts 6428:Hyderabad 6384:Provinces 6158:Aurangzeb 5824:cite book 5343:asnad.org 5178:182638309 5135:10197/492 5069:18 August 4999:Routledge 4942:cite book 4858:30677644M 4316:2249-1937 4285:233690931 4277:0026-749X 3531:638031657 3458:Shahjehan 3405:Burhanpur 3164:Aurangzeb 3093:Aurangzeb 2824:Alam Pana 2780:Styles of 2663:Lahore's 2630:Agra Fort 2374:Ahmedabad 2366:Aurangzeb 2353:Chunvalia 2345:Nawanagar 2333:Ahmedabad 2313:Faridabad 2307:Ministers 2289:Saptagram 2205:Aurangzeb 2151:Burhanpur 2018:artillery 1984:, c. 1657 1911:Allahabad 1875:Taj Mahal 1855:Bilochpur 1832:Asaf Khan 1824:Nur Jahan 1725:state of 1677:Agra Fort 1665:K. S. Lal 1617:Princess 1608:Taj Mahal 1588:Burhanpur 1573:Taj Mahal 1538:Aurangzeb 1499:Nur Jahan 1495:Asaf Khan 1344:Marriages 829:Nur Jahan 811:Nur Jahan 741:Education 729:Akbarabad 651:Aurangzeb 620:Taj Mahal 608:Agra Fort 369:Aurangzeb 235:Taj Mahal 142:Aurangzeb 138:Successor 127:Shahriyar 7199:Carnatic 7118:Painting 7113:Language 7081:See also 6909:Red Fort 6763:Isa Khan 6727:Kandahar 6712:Golconda 6641:Samugarh 6576:Chanderi 6366:Military 6313:Akbar II 6238:Shahryar 6233:Jahangir 6210:Emperors 6141:Jahangir 6084:Archived 6022:(1993). 5989:(2009). 5963:(2006). 5918:(2000). 5724:(1999). 5722:Jahangir 5664:(eds.). 5626:18 March 5461:cite web 5265:(1964). 5249:20894584 5203:Sen 2013 5191:Sen 2013 5152:54763671 5144:27646746 5025:(2006). 4850:52727562 4324:44158822 4222:18 March 3848:(1999). 3846:Jahangir 3806:(1999). 3804:Jahangir 3639:(2017). 3436:See also 3262:smallpox 3260:Died of 3015:smallpox 2954:Lifespan 2951:Portrait 2703:crescent 2693:Finial, 2596:Red Fort 2581:decibels 2549:Peshawar 2517:Lal Qila 2509:Red Fort 2501:Kohinoor 2301:punished 2233:Murad IV 2167:Safavids 2163:Kandahar 2006:Red Fort 1891:Midnapur 1848:Persians 1844:Kandahar 1784:Jahangir 1696:Venetian 971:Jahangir 854:Ancestry 683:Jahangir 618:and the 612:Red Fort 574:Jahangir 493:Religion 237:, Agra, 205:Red Fort 184:Pakistan 131:de facto 52:Padishah 49:-e-Qiran 7133:Weapons 7108:Gardens 7103:Fashion 7098:Culture 7093:Cuisine 6929:Mosques 6825:Shivaji 6742:Sambhal 6717:Hooghly 6687:Bijapur 6661:Tukaroi 6646:Sirhind 6631:Plassey 6548:Battles 6418:Gujarat 6346:Economy 6334:Dynasty 6223:Humayun 5064:Fortune 4923:30,777) 4172:: 4–7. 3882:Manzil. 3758:121–122 2904:scholar 2697:of the 2613:at the 2557:Hastsal 2364:prince 2358:Kheralu 2349:Sidhpur 2337:Kankrej 2329:Gujarat 2293:Jesuits 2269:Ibrahim 2253:Mughals 2249:Kaftans 2245:saddles 2241:Baghdad 2064:Benares 2044:cannons 2008:, Delhi 1958:Hoshang 1895:Burdwan 1859:Udaipur 1778:in the 1740:, Rana 1733:reign. 1731:Akbar's 1669:mullahs 1645:Jodhpur 1630:Rathore 1615:Persian 1507:Persian 1475:Persian 1462: 1456:Persian 1412:scholar 1243:Askaran 1007:Bharmal 913:Akbar I 887:Humayun 839:Khutbah 704: 691:Persian 588:Rajputs 585:Sisodia 546: 462:Dynasty 429: 310: 302: 290: 282: 278: 269: 261: 241:, India 155:Khurram 80:Bichitr 7039:Others 6820:Gokula 6680:Sieges 6671:Bhulua 6606:Khanwa 6601:Khajwa 6596:Karnal 6586:Ghagra 6581:Chausa 6443:Multan 6433:Lahore 6408:Bengal 6123: 6053: 6034: 5997: 5975: 5949: 5928: 5904: 5796: 5771: 5734: 5704: 5672: 5576: 5566: 5490: 5396: 5367:5 July 5302: 5275: 5247: 5176: 5150: 5142: 5092: 5041: 5005: 4930: 4856: 4848: 4838: 4788: 4758: 4729: 4704: 4698:228-29 4675: 4650: 4621: 4592: 4563: 4522: 4468: 4387: 4352: 4322: 4314: 4283: 4275: 4092: 4063: 4034: 3993: 3858: 3816: 3756:, pp. 3733: 3701: 3674: 3647: 3615: 3584: 3555: 3529: 3504: 2957:Notes 2948:Mother 2906: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2877: 2551:, the 2543:, the 2535:, the 2531:, the 2527:, the 2433:Kal'ma 2362:Mughal 2297:Bandel 2261:Thatta 2183:Ghazna 2083:langar 2022:Sowars 2016:, and 1978:Durbar 1887:Deccan 1792:Durbar 1780:Deccan 1723:Rajput 1719:Mughal 1688:French 1633:Rajput 1592:Deccan 1519:Persia 1414: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1385: 821:sarkar 751:poetry 724:Hazrat 600:Deccan 561:, was 502:Hanafi 483:Mother 473:Father 230:Burial 180:Punjab 167:Lahore 7290:Delhi 7128:Tribe 6722:Jinji 6702:Daman 6697:Delhi 6666:Bakla 6571:Buxar 6438:Malwa 6423:Delhi 6413:Berar 6403:Awadh 6398:Ajmer 6228:Akbar 6218:Babur 6125:Died: 6118:Born: 5658:(PDF) 5148:S2CID 5140:JSTOR 4816:. 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