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claimed to be cured by gifting, flattering, threatening, or wrestling the disease-spirit (sometimes trying all these, sequentially), and which may be completed by displaying a supposedly extracted token of the disease-spirit (displaying this, even if "fraudulent", is supposed to impress the disease-spirit that it has been, or is in the process of being, defeated so that it will retreat and stay out of the patient's body), or else mental (including psychosomatic) afflictionsâsuch as persistent terror, which is likewise believed to be cured by similar methods. In most languages a different term other than the one translated "shaman" is usually applied to a religious official leading sacrificial rites ("priest"), or to a raconteur ("sage") of traditional lore; there may be more of an overlap in functions (with that of a shaman), however, in the case of an interpreter of omens or of dreams.
4060:, Singh argues that humans search for ways of influencing uncertain events, such as healing illness, controlling rain, or attracting animals. As specialists compete to help their clients control these outcomes, they drive the evolution of psychologically compelling magic, producing traditions adapted to people's cognitive biases. Shamanism, Singh argues, is the culmination of this cultural evolutionary processâa psychologically appealing method for controlling uncertainty. For example, some shamanic practices exploit our intuitions about humanness: Practitioners use trance and dramatic initiations to seemingly become entities distinct from normal humans and thus more apparently capable of interacting with the invisible forces believed to oversee important outcomes. Influential cognitive and anthropological scientists, such as
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not be accurately represented by a single concept. Billy-Ray
Belcourt, an author and award-winning scholar from the Driftpile Cree Nation in Canada, argues that using language with the intention of simplifying culture that is diverse, such as Shamanism, as it is prevalent in communities around the world and is made up of many complex components, works to conceal the complexities of the social and political violence that Indigenous communities have experienced at the hands of settlers. Belcourt argues that language used to imply âsimplicityâ in regards to Indigenous culture, is a tool used to belittle Indigenous cultures, as it views Indigenous communities solely as a result of a history embroiled in violence, that leaves Indigenous communities only capable of simplicity and plainness.
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4166:, theoretical approaches to shamanism, and examples of "mutually opposing symbols" in academic studies of Siberian lore, distinguishing a "white" shaman who contacts sky spirits for good aims by day, from a "black" shaman who contacts evil spirits for bad aims by night. (Series of such opposing symbols referred to a world-view behind them. Analogously to the way grammar arranges words to express meanings and convey a world, also this formed a cognitive map). Shaman's lore is rooted in the folklore of the community, which provides a "mythological mental map."
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community. This is particularly evident in shamanism, where the shaman addresses not only physical symptoms but also the spiritual and communal aspects of illness. The shaman's role is to restore harmony within the individual and the community, reinforcing the social bonds believed to influence health. Joralemon emphasizes that in both traditional and modern medical practices, disease is not merely a biological fact but a social phenomenon, shaped by the cultural and societal contexts in which it occurs .
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post-1990/post-communist
Mongolia. This process has also been documented by Swiss anthropologist Judith Hangartner in her landmark study of Darhad shamans in Mongolia. Historian Karena Kollmar-Polenz argues that the social construction and reification of shamanism as a religious "other" actually began with the 18th-century writings of Tibetan Buddhist monks in Mongolia and later "probably influenced the formation of European discourse on Shamanism".
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local shaman-hood. Although the shaman is often believed and trusted precisely because they "accommodate" to the beliefs of the community, several parts of the knowledge related to the local shamanhood consist of personal experiences of the shaman, or root in their family life, thus, those are lost with their death. Besides that, in many cultures, the entire traditional belief system has become endangered (often together with a partial or total
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these contexts is multifaceted, encompassing physical, social, and cultural dimensions. Anthropologists Nancy
Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock expand on this by introducing the idea of "the three bodies": the "individual body," relating to personal health experiences; the "social body," connecting health to social and cultural values; and the "body politic," reflecting the influence of power structures on health outcomes.
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are given by his partner spirit. Since it obliges the shaman to use his gift and to work regularly in this capacity, the spirit rewards him with the goods that it receives. These goods, however, are only "welcome addenda". They are not enough to enable a full-time shaman. Shamans live like any other member of the group, as a hunter or housewife. Due to the popularity of
2767:'." Shamanism encompasses the premise that shamans are intermediaries or messengers between the human world and the spirit worlds. Shamans are said to treat ailments and illnesses by mending the soul. Alleviating traumas affecting the soul or spirit are believed to restore the physical body of the individual to balance and wholeness. Shamans also claim to enter
3608:. The spirit guide energizes the shamans, enabling them to enter the spiritual dimension. Shamans claim to heal within the communities and the spiritual dimension by returning lost parts of the human soul from wherever they have gone. Shamans also claim to cleanse excess negative energies, which are said to confuse or pollute the soul. Shamans act as
2853:. She argues that these expression are unique to each culture that uses them and that such practices cannot be generalized easily, accurately, or usefully into a global religion of shamanism. Because of this, Kehoe is also highly critical of the hypothesis that shamanism is an ancient, unchanged, and surviving religion from the Paleolithic period.
3360:. Beliefs related to spirits can explain many different phenomena. For example, the importance of storytelling, or acting as a singer, can be understood better if the whole belief system is examined. A person who can memorize long texts or songs, and play an instrument, may be regarded as the beneficiary of contact with the spirits (e.g.
4245:), with the other people of the community remembering the associated beliefs and practices (or the language at all) grew old or died, many folklore memories, songs, and texts were forgottenâwhich may threaten even such peoples who could preserve their isolation until the middle of the 20th century, like the
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Shamanism, religious phenomenon centred on the shaman, a person believed to achieve various powers through trance or ecstatic religious experience. Although shamans' repertoires vary from one culture to the next, they are typically thought to have the ability to heal the sick, to communicate with the
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also mentions that, despite really astonishing similarities, there is no unity in shamanism. The various, fragmented shamanistic practices and beliefs coexist with other beliefs everywhere. There is no record of pure shamanistic societies (although their existence is not impossible). Norwegian social
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to obtain solutions to problems afflicting the community. Shamans claim to visit other worlds or dimensions to bring guidance to misguided souls and to ameliorate illnesses of the human soul caused by foreign elements. Shamans operate primarily within the spiritual world, which, they believe, in turn
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After exemplifying the general decline even in the most remote areas, there are revitalizations or tradition-preserving efforts as a response. Besides collecting the memories, there are also tradition-preserving and even revitalization efforts, led by authentic former shamans (for example among the
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There are two major frameworks among cognitive and evolutionary scientists for explaining shamanism. The first, proposed by anthropologist
Michael Winkelman, is known as the "neurotheological theory". According to Winkelman, shamanism develops reliably in human societies because it provides valuable
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Shamanism is based on the premise that the visible world is pervaded by invisible forces or spirits which affect the lives of the living. Although the causes of disease lie in the spiritual realm, inspired by malicious spirits, both spiritual and physical methods are used to heal. Commonly, a shaman
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of other parts of Asia, Africa, Australasia and even completely unrelated parts of the
Americas, as they believed these practices to be similar to one another. While the term has been incorrectly applied by cultural outsiders to many Indigenous spiritual practices, the words âshamanâ and âshamanismâ
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In many societies where shamanism is practiced, the understanding and treatment of illness are closely tied to social and cultural processes. Disease is often seen not just as a biological condition but as a disruption in the balance of spiritual and social relationships. The concept of the body in
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is used by shamans of several peoples in
Siberia. The beating of the drum allows the shaman to achieve an altered state of consciousness or to travel on a journey between the physical and spiritual worlds. Much fascination surrounds the role that the acoustics of the drum play to the shaman. Shaman
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The term has been criticized for its perceived colonial roots, and as a tool to perpetuate perceived contemporary linguistic colonialism. By
Western scholars, the term "shamanism" is used to refer to a variety of different cultures and practices around the world, which can vary dramatically and may
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There is no single agreed-upon definition for the word "shamanism" among anthropologists. Thomas
Downson suggests three shared elements of shamanism: practitioners consistently alter consciousness, the community regards altering consciousness as an important ritual practice, and the knowledge about
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epic text details the wonderful deeds of the ancient "first shaman" Kara-GĂŒrgĂ€n: he could even compete with God, create life, steal back the soul of the sick from God without his consent. A subsequent text laments that shamans of older times were stronger, possessing capabilities like omnividence,
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According to anthropologist Donald
Joralemon, the practice of medicine is inherently a social process, both in shamanistic societies and contemporary biomedicine. Joralemon argues that healing rituals, diagnoses, and treatments are deeply embedded in the cultural norms and social expectations of a
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were 50 complete tortoise shells, a human foot, and certain body parts from animals such as a cow tail and eagle wings. Other animal remains came from a boar, leopard, and two martens. "It seems that the woman ⊠was perceived as being in a close relationship with these animal spirits", researchers
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The way shamans get sustenance and take part in everyday life varies across cultures. In many Inuit groups, they provide services for the community and get a "due payment", and believe the payment is given to the helping spirits. An account states that the gifts and payments that a shaman receives
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Many shamans have expert knowledge of medicinal plants native to their area, and an herbal treatment is often prescribed. In many places shamans learn directly from the plants, harnessing their effects and healing properties, after obtaining permission from the indwelling or patron spirits. In the
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Despite structural implications of colonialism and imperialism that have limited the ability of
Indigenous peoples to practice traditional spiritualities, many communities are undergoing resurgence through self-determination and the reclamation of dynamic traditions. Other groups have been able to
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In most affected areas, shamanic practices ceased to exist, with authentic shamans dying and their personal experiences dying with them. The loss of memories is not always lessened by the fact the shaman is not always the only person in a community who knows the beliefs and motives related to the
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The neurotheological theory contrasts with the "by-product" or "subjective" model of shamanism developed by Harvard anthropologist Manvir Singh. According to Singh, shamanism is a cultural technology that adapts to (or hacks) our psychological biases to convince us that a specialist can influence
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The responsibilities of a shaman may include either guiding to their proper abode the souls of the dead (which may be guided either one-at-a-time or in a group, depending on the culture), and the curing of ailments. The ailments may be either purely physical afflictionsâsuch as disease, which are
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Where a Shaman is present within a community - the group determines whether an individual is true Shaman or not. The group also determines whether an individual is sick and doomed by sorcery, this is where a Shaman is given the role to dispel an illness. The Shaman does not become a great Shaman
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Furthermore, due to the predominant number of female shamans over males, shamanism was and continues to be an integral part of womenâs economic liberation. Shamanism often serves as an economic resource due to the requirement of payment for service. This economic revenue was vital for female
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in Latin America, exists in many societies. Other societies assert all shamans have the power to both cure and kill. Those with shamanic knowledge usually enjoy great power and prestige in the community, but they may also be regarded suspiciously or fearfully as potentially harmful to others.
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shamans, especially those living during the Chosun Dynasty in Korea (A.D. 1392â1910). In a culture that disapproved of female economic autonomy, the practice of shamanism allowed women to advance themselves financially and independently, in a way that had not been possible for them before.
4180:, or "ethnohermeneutics", interpretation. HoppĂĄl extended the term to include not only the interpretation of oral and written texts, but that of "visual texts as well (including motions, gestures and more complex rituals, and ceremonies performed, for instance, by shamans)". Revealing the
2922:(with an estimated population of 3000 people surviving from this tribe). Tuva is one of the most isolated Asiatic tribes in Russia where the art of shamanism has been preserved until today due to its isolated existence, allowing it to be free from the influences of other major religions.
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Dulam Bumochir has affirmed the above critiques of "shamanism" as a Western construct created for comparative purposes and, in an extensive article, has documented the role of Mongols themselves, particularly "the partnership of scholars and shamans in the reconstruction of shamanism" in
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benefits to the practitioner, their group, and individual clients. In particular, the trance states induced by dancing, hallucinogens, and other triggers are hypothesized to have an "integrative" effect on cognition, allowing communication among mental systems that specialize in
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and for avoiding resource depletion through overhunting. This system is conceptualized mythologically and symbolically by the belief that breaking hunting restrictions may cause illness. The shaman is able to "release" game animals, or their souls, from their hidden abodes. The
7968:. Actes du colloque « Aux origines du monothĂ©isme et du scepticisme religieux » organisĂ© Ă Louvain-la-Neuve les 7 et 8 juin 2013 par le Centre d'histoire des Religions Cardinal Julien Ries , Turnhout, Brepols, coll. Homo Religiosus sĂ©rie II, 14, 2015, pp. 247â60.
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were once a widespread (and very diverse) phenomenon, but today is rarely practiced, as well as already having been in decline among many groups, even while the first major ethnological research was being done, e.g. among Inuit, at the end of the 19th century, Sagloq, the last
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in their cultures. Shamans claim to communicate with the spirits on behalf of the community, including the spirits of the deceased. Shamans believe they can communicate with both living and dead to alleviate unrest, unsettled issues, and to deliver gifts to the spirits.
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questions this connection on linguistic grounds: "The possibility cannot be completely rejected, but neither should it be accepted without reservation since the assumed derivational relationship is phonologically irregular (note especially the vowel quantities)."
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also discusses whether the term "shamanism" is appropriate. He notes that for many readers, "-ism" implies a particular dogma, like Buddhism, Catholicism or Judaism. He recommends using the term "shamanhood" or "shamanship" (a term used in old Russian and German
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Beliefs and practices categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. Hundreds of books and
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reports at the beginning of the 20th century) for stressing the diversity and the specific features of the discussed cultures. He believes that this places more stress on the local variations and emphasizes that shamanism is not a religion of sacred
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may prescribe the behavior of people towards game, so that the souls of the animals do not feel angry or hurt, or the pleased soul of the already killed prey can tell the other, still living animals, that they can allow themselves to be caught and
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that is perceived as one of the earliest-known shaman burials. The elderly woman had been arranged on her side, with her legs apart and folded inward at the knee. Ten large stones were placed on the head, pelvis, and arms. Among her unusual
2752:-speaking peoples. Upon observing more religious traditions around the world, some Western anthropologists began to also use the term in a very broad sense. The term was used to describe unrelated magicoreligious practices found within the
2545:", "spiritual healers" or "prophets," by claiming that shamans undertake some particular technique not used by the others. (Problematically, scholars advocating the third view have failed to agree on what the defining technique should be.)
3639:, a distinct kind of shaman acts as a psychopomp. Other specialized shamans may be distinguished according to the type of spirits, or realms of the spirit world, with which the shaman most commonly interacts. These roles vary among the
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In many areas, former shamans ceased to fulfill the functions in the community they used to, as they felt mocked by their own community, or regarded their own past as deprecated and were unwilling to talk about it to ethnographers.
3604:, who they believe guide and direct them in their travels in the spirit world. These spirit guides are always thought to be present within the shaman, although others are said to encounter them only when the shaman is in a
4155:. According to this view, the shaman uses (and the audience understands) multiple codes, expressing meanings in many ways: verbally, musically, artistically, and in dance. Meanings may be manifested in objects such as
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Gabus, Jean: A karibu eszkimĂłk. Gondolat KiadĂł, Budapest, 1970. (Hungarian translation of the original: Vie et coutumes des Esquimaux Caribous, Libraire Payot Lausanne, 1944.) It describes the life of Caribou Eskimo
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The isolated location of Nganasan people allowed shamanism to be a living phenomenon among them even at the beginning of the 20th century, the last notable Nganasan shaman's ceremonies were recorded on film in the
4288:, (aka "plastic medicine people"). He adds, "One may assume that anyone claiming to be a Cherokee 'shaman, spiritual healer, or pipe-carrier', is equivalent to a modern day medicine show and snake-oil vendor."
3760:, social intelligence, and natural history. With this cognitive integration, the shaman can better predict the movement of animals, resolve group conflicts, plan migrations, and provide other useful services.
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Spirits are invisible entities that only shamans can see. They are seen as persons that can assume a human or animal body. Some animals in their physical forms are also seen as spirits such as the case of the
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because they cure a person, it is because they are known by the group as great Shamans. Community members known as dreamers also listen in on private conversations to convey an individualâs known sickness.
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Shamans often claim to have been called through dreams or signs. However, some say their powers are inherited. In traditional societies shamanic training varies in length, but generally takes years.
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As Alice Kehoe notes, Eliade's conceptualization of shamans produces a universalist image of Indigenous cultures, which perpetuates notions of the dead (or dying) Indian as well as the noble savage.
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for a shamanic trial and journey. This process is important to young shamans. They undergo a type of sickness that pushes them to the brink of death. This is said to happen for two reasons:
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who was believed to be able to travel to the sky and under the sea diedâand many other former shamanic capacities were lost during that time as well, like ventriloquism and sleight of hand.
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that the "first prophecies were the words of an oak", and that those who lived at that time found it rewarding enough to "listen to an oak or a stone, so long as it was telling the truth".
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for shamans-to-be, commonly involving physical illness or psychological crisis. The significant role of initiatory illnesses in the calling of a shaman can be found in the case history of
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Summary of the cultural evolutionary and cognitive foundations of shamanism; published with commentaries by 25 scholars (including anthropologists, philosophers, and psychologists).
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as definitive of shamanism ignores the fact that they exist outside of what is defined as shamanism and even play similar roles in nonshamanic cultures, for example chanting in the
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and modern Western forms of shamanism, which, according to Kehoe, misrepresent or dilute Indigenous practices. Kehoe also believes that the term reinforces racist ideas such as the
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Traditional, Indigenous shamanism is believed to be declining around the world. Whalers who frequently interacted with Inuit groups are one source of this decline in that region.
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4159:. If the shaman knows the culture of their community well, and acts accordingly, their audience will know the used symbols and meanings and therefore trust the shamanic worker.
3662:, or "second spirit") knows many things about the associated beliefs. He or she accompanies the rituals and interprets the behaviors of the shaman. Despite these functions, the
7520:. Iconography of religions, section VIII, "Arctic Peoples", fascicle 2. Leiden, The Netherlands: Institute of Religious Iconography âą State University Groningen. E.J. Brill.
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may be based closely on the soul concepts of the belief system of the people served by the shaman. It may consist of the supposed retrieving the lost soul of the ill person.
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do not accurately describe the variety and complexity that is Indigenous spirituality. Each nation and tribe has its own way of life, and uses terms in their own languages.
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period. The earliest known undisputed burial of a shaman (and by extension the earliest undisputed evidence of shamans and shamanic practices) dates back to the early
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The shaman must become sick to understand sickness. When the shaman overcomes their own sickness, they believe that they will hold the cure to heal all that suffer.
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Just like shamanism itself, music and songs related to it in various cultures are diverse. In several instances, songs related to shamanism are intended to imitate
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proposes that all of the world's mythologies, and also the concepts and practices of shamans, can be traced to the migrations of two prehistoric populations: the "
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The shaman crosses over to the underworld. This happens so the shaman can venture to its depths to bring back vital information for the sick and the tribe.
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There are many variations of shamanism throughout the world, but several common beliefs are shared by all forms of shamanism. Common beliefs identified by
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A debated etymology of the word "shaman" is "one who knows", implying, among other things, that the shaman is an expert in keeping together the multiple
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The title means: "Uralic peoples. Culture and traditions of our linguistic relatives"; the chapter means "Linguistical background of the relationship".
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relates these concepts to developments in the ways that modern science (systems theory, ecology, new approaches in anthropology and archeology) treats
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MenovĆĄÄikov, G.A. (= Đ. Đ. ĐĐ”ĐœĐŸĐČŃĐžĐșĐŸĐČ) (1968). "Popular Conceptions, Religious Beliefs and Rites of the Asiatic Eskimoes". In DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (ed.).
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views in shamanism, but also their relevance to the contemporary world, where ecological problems have validated paradigms of balance and protection.
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The second definition limits the term to refer to those who contact a spirit world while in an altered state of consciousness at the behest of others.
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of Siberia and neighboring parts of Asia. According to the Golomt Center for Shamanic Studies, a Mongolian organization of shamans, the Evenk word
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Znamensky, Andrei A. (2005). "Az ĆsisĂ©g szĂ©psĂ©ge: altĂĄji török sĂĄmĂĄnok a szibĂ©riai regionĂĄlis gondolkodĂĄsban (1860â1920)". In MolnĂĄr, ĂdĂĄm (ed.).
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8131:, an organization devoted to alerting seekers about fraudulent teachers, and helping them avoid being exploited or participating in exploitation
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2825:'s work on shamanism as an invention synthesized from various sources unsupported by more direct research. To Kehoe, citing practices such as
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movements, which usually differ from traditional shamanistic practice and beliefs in significant ways, and often have more connection to the
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The third definition attempts to distinguish shamans from other magico-religious specialists who are believed to contact spirits, such as "
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By engaging in their work, a shaman is exposed to significant personal risk as shamanic plant materials can be toxic or fatal if misused.
4068:, have endorsed Singh's approach, although other researchers have criticized Singh's dismissal of individual- and group-level benefits.
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are commonly used in an attempt to protect against these dangers, and the use of more dangerous plants is often very highly ritualized.
2439:, published in 1698 his account of a Russian embassy to China; a translation of his book, published the same year, introduced the word
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HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2006a). "SĂĄmĂĄnok, kultĂșrĂĄk Ă©s kutatĂłk az ezredfordulĂłn". In HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly; SzathmĂĄri, Botond; TakĂĄcs, AndrĂĄs (eds.).
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Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frédéric; Remie, Cornelius (Summer 2006). "Perceptions of Decline: Inuit Shamanism in the Canadian Arctic".
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do not call their traditional spiritual ways "shamanism." However, according to Richard L. Allen, research and policy analyst for the
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anthropologist Hakan Rydving has likewise argued for the abandonment of the terms "shaman" and "shamanism" as "scientific illusions."
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Besides personal communications of former shamans, folklore texts may narrate directly about a deterioration process. For example, a
2881:, but linked to the everyday life in a practical way. Following similar thoughts, he also conjectures a contemporary paradigm shift.
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may serve other functions not necessarily related to shamanism: practical goals such as luring game in the hunt; or entertainment (
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of the society, and that to be effective, shamans must maintain a comprehensive view in their mind which gives them certainty of
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frederic; Remie, Cornelius (2006). "Perceptions of Decline: Inuit Shamanism in the Canadian Arctic".
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shamanism: former authentic shamans have begun to practice again, and young apprentices are being educated in an organized way.
2725:" and may have roots that extend back in time at least two millennia. The term was introduced to the west after Russian forces
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8167:â A charitable, non-for-profit NGO for preserving Mongolian traditional Shamanic practices and rituals, operating in Mongolia.
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The first of these uses the term to refer to "anybody who contacts a spirit world while in an altered state of consciousness".
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writes, "A first definition of this complex phenomenon, and perhaps the least hazardous, will be: shamanism = 'technique of
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In November 2008, researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem announced the discovery of a 12,000-year-old site in
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noted that by the dawn of the 21st century, there were four separate definitions of the term which appeared to be in use:
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The chapter title means "Shamans, cultures and researchers in the millenary", the book title means "Shamans and cultures".
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Tedlock, Barbara. 2005. The Woman in the Shaman's Body: Reclaiming the Feminine in Religion and Medicine. New York: Bantam
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7285:. Nationalmuseets skrifter, Etnografisk RĂŠkke (Ethnographical series), VIII. Copenhagen: The National Museum of Denmark.
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generally, and there can be no doubt that they have come to be applied to a large number of different classes of people.
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in South America, there are practitioners in areas frequented by backpackers who make a living from leading ceremonies.
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drums are generally constructed of an animal-skin stretched over a bent wooden hoop, with a handle across the hoop.
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3233:"enters the body" of the patient to confront the spiritual infirmity and heals by banishing the infectious spirit.
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of hunted game can be solved by "releasing" the souls of the animals from their hidden abodes. Besides that, many
2278:, 17th century. Witsen called him a "priest of the Devil" and drew clawed feet for the supposed demonic qualities.
2232:
on the subject have been produced, with a peer-reviewed academic journal being devoted to the study of shamanism.
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2053:
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9757:
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8917:
8146:
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The title means "The belief system of Hungarians when they entered the Pannonian Basin, and their shamanism".
3767:
3039:
2468:, explorers, soldiers and colonial administrators with whom the people had increasing contact for centuries.
2424:
2126:
1293:
1253:
1099:
727:
272:
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5192:
Kollmar-Paulenz, Karenina (2012). "The Invention of "Shamanism" in 18th Century Mongolian Elite Discourse".
10432:
9556:
4746:
19 (1917): 361â71 and Bremmer J., "Travelling souls? Greek shamanism reconsidered", in Bremmer J.N. (ed.),
4442:
2063:
1988:
1968:
1896:
1842:
207:
7611:. Vol. 6. Seoul KR: è„żæ±ć€§ćžæ Ą ćźæçĄç©¶æ (SĆgang Taehakkyo Chonggyo YĆn'guso). pp. 135â62. Archived from
2446:
Anthropologist and archeologist Silvia Tomaskova argued that by the mid-1600s, many Europeans applied the
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12073:
11809:
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10018:
9789:
8968:
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8455:
8445:
6277:"Why is there shamanism? Developing the cultural evolutionary theory and addressing alternative accounts"
5132:
Bumochir, Dulam (2014). "Institutionalization of Mongolian shamanism: from primitivism to civilization".
4308:
3593:
3142:
3044:
3034:
2794:
A tableau presenting figures from various cultures described as "shamans" in Western academic literature.
2776:
affects the human world. The restoration of balance is said to result in the elimination of the ailment.
2362:, designating a wandering monastic or holy figure, has spread to many Central Asian languages along with
2229:
2198:
2013:
1931:
1548:
1431:
11659:
11314:
10456:
8930:
8595:
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8134:
7575:. Musiques & musiciens du monde / Musics & musicians of the world. Montreal: Research Group in
5536:
4057:
1553:
1372:
1298:
8109:
4139:, but is said to be unlike any other among the Epipaleolithic Natufians or in the Paleolithic period.
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9149:
8610:
6490:
4076:
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1822:
1436:
1382:
948:
805:
17:
6391:
Humphrey, Nicholas (2018). "Shamans as healers: When magical structure becomes practical function".
3616:
Shamans perform a variety of functions depending upon their respective cultures; healing, leading a
11774:
11721:
11527:
11277:
11103:
10916:
10867:
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10596:
10586:
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10368:
9657:
9267:
9197:
9018:
8783:
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8707:
8406:
7743:"Shamanism in Northern and Southern Eurasia: their distinctive methods and change of consciousness"
6324:"Modern shamans: Financial managers, political pundits and others who help tame life's uncertainty"
3945:
3635:
There are distinct types of shamans who perform more specialized functions. For example, among the
2950:
2101:
1268:
697:
549:
162:
47:
7390:
The title means "Shamans in Eurasia", the book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.
3592:
Shamans have been conceptualized as those who are able to gain knowledge and power to heal in the
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11093:
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9111:
8808:
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is not a shaman. For this interpretative assistant, it would be unwelcome to fall into a trance.
2910:, have the power to heal the sick, communicate with spirits, and escort souls of the dead to the
2464:
may have entered the various Tungus dialects as a corruption of this term, and then been told to
1817:
1775:
1703:
1583:
1218:
880:
830:
611:
444:
232:
31:
7886:. (contains first-hand accounts of the Nepalese jhankri tradition) Oxford: Signal Books, 2011.
5414:
5347:
4083:
in a less linear fashion. He also suggests a cooperation of modern science and Indigenous lore.
3249:
to evoke spirits. Before a spirit can be summoned it must teach the shaman its song. The use of
12091:
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11240:
11216:
11166:
10694:
10678:
10668:
10627:
10622:
10480:
10472:
9061:
8880:
8497:
8492:
8201:
6348:
Boyer, Pascal (2018). "Missing links: The psychology and epidemiology of shamanistic beliefs".
5842:
4804:', are in general use to denote any persons of the Native professional class among the heathen
4024:
2807:
2465:
1758:
1748:
1643:
825:
657:
652:
247:
11447:
2721:, and "nothing seems to contradict the assumption that the meaning 'shaman' also derives from
2456:(meaning "devil") to the non-Christian practices and beliefs of Indigenous peoples beyond the
514:
11382:
11346:
11161:
10962:
10709:
10704:
10581:
10103:
9859:
9832:
9772:
9596:
9551:
9489:
9479:
8818:
8682:
8527:
8517:
8502:
8450:
7879:
7212:. Translated by Anita Rajkay BabĂł (from Hungarian). Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.
6229:
Winkelman, Michael (1986). "Trance states: A theoretical model and cross-cultural analysis".
5657:
Curanderismo Soul Retrieval: Ancient Shamanic Wisdom to Restore the Sacred Energy of the Soul
4400:
3597:
3116:
3049:
2978:
2918:
avoid some of these structural impediments by virtue of their isolation, such as the nomadic
2866:
2432:
2136:
1743:
1673:
1513:
1313:
1178:
1058:
840:
677:
569:
564:
519:
489:
2914:. The origins of Shamanism stem from indigenous peoples of far northern Europe and Siberia.
12216:
12108:
11293:
11286:
10957:
10828:
10823:
10546:
10541:
10338:
9698:
9673:
9586:
9031:
8963:
8906:
8890:
8875:
8855:
8813:
8687:
8532:
8522:
8507:
8472:
8467:
8435:
7568:
6115:
5583:
Animism beyond the Soul: Ontology, Reflexivity, and the Making of Anthropological Knowledge
4385:
4000:
3775:
3428:
3079:
3007:
2689:. According to Juha Janhunen, "the word is attested in all of the Tungusic idioms" such as
2549:
2217:
2210:
2106:
1835:
1618:
1481:
1409:
1357:
1278:
1185:
1130:
1107:
987:
712:
597:
559:
157:
107:
9229:
5261:"Using the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Litigation",
4751:
3383:
and enter the "spirit world" by effecting a transition of consciousness, entering into an
8:
12103:
11600:
11489:
11452:
11427:
11230:
11081:
10714:
10699:
10440:
10400:
10055:
10040:
9842:
9737:
9732:
9708:
9650:
9571:
9272:
9144:
9023:
8692:
8615:
8605:
8482:
8366:
8361:
5101:"Le chamanisme aujourd'hui: constructions et deconstructions d'une illusion scientifique"
4320:
4010:
3266:
3177:
Spirits exist and they play important roles both in individual lives and in human society
3017:
2962:
2934:
2850:
2772:
2749:
2420:
2377:
2248:
2213:
1753:
1538:
1451:
1228:
1054:
894:
672:
604:
494:
8024:
KIM, ANDREW EUNGI. (2000). "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea".
7695:
Religious or Spiritual Problem. A Culturally Sensitive Diagnostic Category in the DSM-IV
7639:, J. Hitchcock & R. Jones (eds.), New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, pp. 12â20.
7144:. Die MĂ€rchen der Weltliteratur (in German). DĂŒsseldorf âą Köln: Eugen Diederichs Verlag.
6460:
6435:
4167:
12287:
12256:
11769:
11749:
11739:
11612:
11550:
11507:
11321:
11193:
11153:
11108:
11023:
11008:
10906:
10901:
10591:
10523:
9767:
9561:
9519:
9429:
9394:
9169:
9134:
9036:
8978:
8940:
8935:
8771:
8761:
8565:
8537:
8487:
8278:
8238:
8140:
8043:
7765:
7681:
7495:
7472:
7259:
7166:
The title means "The faces of culture. Mosaics from the area of cultural anthropology".
6473:
6416:
6373:
6304:
6211:
6143:
5779:
5478:
5457:
In Darkness and Secrecy: The Anthropology of Assault Sorcery and Witchcraft in Amazonia
5236:
5149:
4504:
4131:
noted. The grave was one of at least 28 graves at the site, located in a cave in lower
3940:
3805:
3674:
As the primary teacher of tribal symbolism, the shaman may have a leading role in this
3569:
3395:
or ritual performances. The methods employed are diverse, and are often used together.
3284:
3101:
2899:
2898:
Shamanism is a system of religious practice. Historically, it is often associated with
2722:
2492:
2121:
2096:
2033:
1731:
1558:
1466:
1446:
1426:
1352:
860:
751:
509:
284:
147:
9324:
9277:
7693:
Turner, Robert P.; Lukoff, David; Barnhouse, Ruth Tiffany & Lu, Francis G. (1995)
7635:
Reinhard, Johan (1976) "Shamanism and Spirit Possession: The Definition Problem." In
6516:
5830:
5455:
Wilbert, Johannes; Vidal, Silvia M. (2004). Whitehead, Neil L.; Wright, Robin (eds.).
5059:
4905:
4390:
3513:
3447:
12221:
12135:
11814:
11689:
11432:
11086:
10997:
10991:
10952:
10940:
10813:
10220:
10050:
9854:
9703:
9621:
9617:
9499:
9484:
9154:
9101:
9081:
8983:
8973:
8900:
8729:
8719:
8512:
8300:
8220:
8082:
8035:
7990:
7976:
7948:
7934:
7919:
7902:
7887:
7870:
7856:
7832:
7793:
7769:
7726:
7706:
7685:
7673:
7653:
7590:
7549:
7521:
7502:
7501:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.
7479:
7478:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.
7449:
7430:
7410:
7379:
7359:
7339:
7319:
7300:
7294:
7267:
7244:
7224:
7181:
7180:. preface by Marett, R.R. Somerville College, University of Oxford; Clarendon Press.
7155:
6839:
6798:
6477:
6465:
6420:
6408:
6377:
6365:
6308:
6296:
6276:
6215:
6176:
6166:
6147:
6135:
6085:
5793:
5783:
5661:
5634:
5586:
5482:
5468:
5418:
5387:
5377:
5274:
5172:
5153:
5011:
4937:
4847:
4829:
4622:
4584:
4508:
4496:
4476:
4370:
4100:
4065:
3900:
3706:
3702:
3442:
Turner and colleagues mention a phenomenon called "shamanistic initiatory crisis", a
3384:
3374:
3111:
2764:
2367:
2313:
1906:
1663:
1628:
1533:
1471:
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1320:
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618:
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398:
316:
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6784:
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469:
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12266:
12130:
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11801:
11502:
11300:
11070:
10972:
10911:
10787:
10303:
10023:
9904:
9894:
9827:
9720:
9524:
9387:
9357:
9347:
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9239:
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8870:
8766:
8600:
8420:
8391:
8330:
8268:
8090:
8074:
8051:
8013:
8005:
7757:
7665:
7146:
The title means: "Eskimo tales", the series means: "The tales of world literature".
6902:
6831:
6790:
6455:
6447:
6400:
6357:
6288:
6242:
6238:
6203:
6127:
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5410:
5302:
5266:
5169:
The Constitution and Contestation of Darhad Shamans' Power in Contemporary Mongolia
5141:
5112:
5032:
4957:
4793:
4488:
4136:
3860:
3840:
3830:
3800:
3510:
Shamans may employ varying materials in spiritual practice in different cultures.
3022:
3012:
2903:
2730:
2690:
2635:
2606:
2569:
2366:
and could be the ultimate origin of the word shaman. The word has been reported in
2331:
2291:
2244:
1921:
1683:
1543:
1330:
1012:
771:
756:
707:
539:
11654:
8078:
6835:
6704:
4884:
12211:
11759:
11357:
11132:
11075:
10757:
10113:
10013:
9909:
9531:
9514:
9469:
9459:
9404:
9377:
9314:
9309:
9294:
9219:
8955:
8945:
8580:
8570:
8371:
8248:
8063:
LAUREL KENDALL (September 1996). "Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism".
7914:
7785:
7642:
7576:
7398:
7089:
5270:
5145:
4781:
4758:
4281:
4246:
3995:
3955:
3621:
3451:
3443:
2753:
2714:
2682:
2661:) is someone who is regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of
2447:
2416:
2321:
2317:
2275:
2091:
2048:
1633:
1623:
1498:
1461:
1399:
1367:
1362:
1335:
1273:
1243:
1036:
1007:
997:
820:
641:
504:
459:
414:
404:
202:
192:
117:
10298:
7582:
7175:
7171:
5952:
4920:
Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia/ Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne,
4204:
12191:
12186:
11684:
11512:
11462:
11387:
11211:
11048:
10967:
10343:
9799:
9504:
9494:
9434:
9382:
9319:
9214:
9139:
9096:
9076:
8865:
8741:
8702:
8396:
8386:
8381:
8305:
7544:
Nagy, Beåta Boglårka (1998). "Az északi szamojédok". In Csepregi, Mårta (ed.).
7290:
7196:
5725:
5008:
Shamans and religion : an anthropological exploration in critical thinking
4380:
4360:
4285:
4257:
4242:
4107:
3757:
3549:
3482:
3458:
3414:
3404:
3388:
2882:
2741:
2726:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2512:
2457:
2283:
2235:
In the 20th century, Westerners involved in countercultural movements, such as
2068:
1941:
1708:
1693:
1608:
1528:
1523:
1017:
992:
865:
424:
419:
8112:
A charitable organization protecting traditional cultures in northern Thailand
7669:
7210:
Tracing shamans in Siberia. The story of an ethnographical research expedition
6906:
6451:
6404:
6361:
6292:
6207:
6180:
5391:
5374:
INCONVENIENT INDIAN : a curious account of native people in north america
5306:
4492:
3738:
3600:
that convey certain messages. Shamans may claim to have or have acquired many
2503:
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484:
12281:
12086:
11963:
11936:
11632:
11541:
11474:
11442:
11397:
11392:
11115:
11098:
10843:
10333:
10293:
10258:
10138:
9713:
9474:
9399:
9282:
9262:
9174:
9129:
8340:
8119:
8086:
8039:
8026:
7761:
7629:
7602:"Chuonnasuan (Meng Jin Fu), The Last Shaman of the Oroqen of Northeast China"
6843:
6139:
6131:
5211:
4681:
4588:
4523:
4422:
3950:
3875:
3688:
3679:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3601:
3305:
3207:
3170:
3074:
2822:
2760:
2737:
2718:
2710:
2694:
2524:
2341:
2334:
2003:
1978:
1886:
1876:
1688:
1603:
1518:
1441:
1404:
1347:
1325:
1213:
1163:
870:
687:
645:
554:
544:
529:
524:
474:
368:
66:
8155:
by Aado Lintrop, Folk Belief and Media Group of the Estonian Literary Museum
8094:
8055:
8017:
4616:
4237:
fortune-telling even for decades in the future, moving as fast as a bullet.
3628:("guide of souls"). A single shaman may fulfill several of these functions.
3521:
2548:
The fourth definition identified by Hutton uses "shamanism" to refer to the
2415:. It was brought to Western Europe twenty years later by the Dutch traveler
2407:
The term was adopted by Russians interacting with the indigenous peoples in
12113:
11754:
11497:
11437:
11377:
11149:
11043:
11018:
11013:
10979:
10808:
10464:
10416:
10200:
10153:
10148:
10108:
9869:
9752:
9419:
9409:
9372:
9362:
9352:
9244:
9159:
9091:
8988:
8652:
8376:
8325:
7957:
7846:
7677:
7597:
7586:
7548:. PanorĂĄma (in Hungarian). Budapest: Medicina KönyvkiadĂł. pp. 221â34.
6469:
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6369:
6300:
5797:
5771:
4500:
4412:
4345:
4292:
4177:
4061:
3644:
3636:
3573:
3517:
3418:
3296:
3200:
3194:
3069:
2985:
2838:
2815:
2785:
2542:
2508:
2253:
2058:
2028:
1901:
1780:
1668:
1593:
1493:
1488:
1394:
1389:
1340:
1303:
1248:
1233:
855:
788:
534:
464:
227:
222:
132:
8009:
7867:
Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking.
6794:
5831:"The Tinguian; Social, Religious, and Economic life of a Philippine tribe"
5464:
3783:
3308:
can generally explain more, seemingly unassociated phenomena in shamanism:
2355:
973:
12180:
12165:
12098:
11941:
11926:
11916:
11869:
11827:
11819:
11649:
11422:
11328:
11038:
11003:
10384:
10328:
10268:
10168:
10133:
10118:
10060:
9973:
9899:
9822:
9439:
9424:
9304:
9299:
8845:
8778:
8697:
8662:
8642:
8310:
8170:
7915:
The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature
7497:
The Palm and the Pleiades. Initiation and Cosmology in Northwest Amazonia
7474:
From the Milk River: Spatial and Temporal Processes in Northwest Amazonia
7354:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1998). "A honfoglalĂłk hitvilĂĄga Ă©s a magyar samanizmus".
7314:
HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (1975). "A rokonsĂĄg nyelvi hĂĄttere". In HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (ed.).
7255:
The title means: "Remnants of shamanistic beliefs in Hungarian folklore".
6820:"The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology"
6594:
4540:
otherworld, and often to escort the souls of the dead to that otherworld.
4417:
4406:
4365:
4340:
4127:
4092:
3990:
3915:
3905:
3845:
3835:
3094:
3084:
2873:
2804:
Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking
2799:
2301:
2274:
The earliest known depiction of a Siberian shaman, by the Dutch explorer
2018:
1936:
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1573:
1568:
1508:
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1258:
1208:
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968:
914:
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800:
449:
363:
346:
242:
212:
172:
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8231:
8047:
7697:. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol.183, No. 7, pp. 435â44
7264:
Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yup'ik Eskimo Oral Tradition
7177:
Shamanism in Siberia. Aboriginal Siberia. A study in social anthropology
5953:"Shamanism in Siberia: Part III. Religion: Chapter IX. Types of Shamans"
5117:
5100:
3275:
12175:
12026:
11951:
11921:
11901:
11896:
11859:
11849:
11842:
11837:
11823:
11791:
11484:
11407:
11125:
11065:
11060:
10935:
10752:
10556:
10215:
10158:
10143:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9968:
9948:
9747:
9677:
9642:
9367:
9164:
9086:
9071:
8860:
8830:
8793:
8751:
8746:
8677:
8315:
8153:
Studies in Siberian Shamanism and Religions of the Finno-Ugrian Peoples
7448:. Bibliotheca Shamanistica. Budapest: AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 17â26.
7429:. Bibliotheca Shamanistica. Budapest: AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 11â16.
4252:
Some areas could enjoy a prolonged resistance due to their remoteness.
3920:
3880:
3870:
3865:
3850:
3625:
3553:
3380:
3218:
3121:
3089:
2942:
2907:
2842:
2768:
2686:
2674:
2538:
2221:
2116:
1613:
1598:
1588:
1476:
1223:
1173:
958:
454:
358:
187:
182:
167:
152:
142:
137:
112:
102:
7964: », in RenĂ© Lebrun, Julien De Vos et Ă. Van Quickelberghe (Ă©ds),
7853:
Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spirituality.
7817:
7737:
Major work on the evolutionary and psychological origins of shamanism.
2324:. The etymology of the word is sometimes connected to the Tungus root
692:
12226:
12016:
11911:
11744:
11729:
11580:
11120:
10248:
10030:
9958:
9953:
9931:
9509:
9234:
9056:
8850:
8835:
8798:
8215:
8161:
by Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff Amazonian Indigenous peoples and ecology
5441:
5263:
Reflections on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
4805:
4432:
4163:
4152:
4096:
4080:
3960:
3885:
3855:
3719:
3617:
3609:
3462:
3392:
3239:
2911:
2834:
2662:
1998:
1973:
1678:
1638:
1503:
1031:
933:
919:
850:
815:
795:
776:
761:
306:
127:
87:
11352:
9804:
8152:
7824:, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 5, Part 1. (Oct. 1961), pp. 1088â90.
7646:
The roots Seekers: Shamanism and Ethnicity Among the Mongol Buryats.
5405:
Ellingson, Ter (January 16, 2001), "The Ecologically Noble Savage",
4437:
2740:
anthropologists as outside observers of the ancient religion of the
2436:
2270:
1115:
331:
12160:
12011:
11906:
11854:
11786:
11642:
11590:
11479:
11053:
10984:
10839:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
10762:
10505:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
10323:
10205:
10123:
9963:
9926:
9742:
9576:
9566:
9051:
9046:
9041:
8993:
8840:
8756:
8724:
8637:
8629:
8320:
8295:
8263:
8258:
7392:
Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian)
7223:. Ălet Ă©s TudomĂĄny KiskönyvtĂĄr (in Hungarian). Budapest: Gondolat.
6971:
4991:, Bollingen Series LXXVI, Princeton University Press 1972, pp. 3â7.
4330:
4262:
4115:
4111:
4095:, predating all organized religions, and certainly as early as the
3697:
3327:
2363:
2345:
1951:
1859:
1698:
1152:
1002:
953:
943:
909:
904:
899:
887:
810:
741:
734:
722:
341:
301:
296:
11711:
10859:
9762:
7829:
Carlos Castaneda: Academic Opportunism and the Psychedelic Sixties
7705:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Universitas KönyvkiadĂł. pp. 41â45.
7243:(in Hungarian) (1st reprint ed.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
7218:
6970:
Omnividence: A word created by Edwin A. Abbott in his book titled
4395:
12036:
12031:
12006:
11971:
11946:
11891:
11734:
11706:
11694:
11637:
10890:
10308:
10238:
10128:
9889:
9864:
8825:
8736:
8657:
8647:
8290:
8243:
7899:
The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion
7717:
The chapter discusses the etymology and meaning of word "shaman".
7358:(in Hungarian). Budapest: SzĂ©phalom KönyvmƱhely. pp. 40â45.
6927:
6925:
6590:
5828:
5185:
4801:
4296:
4233:
4181:
4132:
3970:
3910:
3675:
3584:
3492:
3316:
3254:
2846:
2811:
2790:
2745:
2678:
2452:
2412:
2408:
2240:
2043:
1961:
1926:
1916:
1658:
1043:
1024:
980:
875:
766:
92:
70:
62:
7703:
VilĂĄgnak kezdetĂ©tĆl fogva. TörtĂ©neti folklorisztikai tanulmĂĄnyok
7560:
The chapter means "Northern Samoyedic peoples", the title means
6163:
Shamanism : the neural ecology of consciousness and healing
3678:
management, actively restricting hunting and fishing. Among the
12125:
12041:
12021:
12001:
11699:
11664:
11605:
11033:
11028:
10318:
10273:
10243:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10098:
10081:
10076:
10003:
8895:
8788:
8667:
7987:
The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and Western Imagination.
7973:
Shamanism in Siberia: Russian Records of Siberian Spirituality.
7628:. It describes the life of Chuonnasuan, the last shaman of the
7066:
4809:
4698:
4427:
4375:
4350:
4221:
4212:
4156:
4005:
3965:
3742:
3605:
3498:
3361:
3353:
3190:
2919:
2670:
2666:
2236:
2206:
2131:
1956:
1911:
1578:
963:
717:
702:
682:
336:
197:
177:
97:
7901:, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1995.
7444:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2007c). "Eco-Animism of Siberian Shamanhood".
6922:
3450:, who was one of the last shamans among the Tungus peoples in
12231:
12201:
12170:
12081:
12063:
11996:
11991:
11876:
11674:
11627:
11585:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
10945:
10848:
10288:
10283:
10263:
10253:
10180:
10091:
10086:
10035:
9943:
9921:
9916:
9847:
8672:
8225:
6589:"Earliest known shaman grave site found: study", reported by
5105:Ătudes Mongoles et Siberiennes, Centrasiatiques et TibĂ©taines
4355:
4325:
4284:, they are regularly overwhelmed with inquiries by and about
4217:
4205:
Decline and revitalization and tradition-preserving movements
3895:
3692:
3578:
3487:
3349:
3345:
3331:
3261:
3250:
3245:
2969:
2906:, and involves belief that shamans, with a connection to the
2878:
2830:
2578:
2419:, who reported his stay and journeys among the Tungusic- and
2411:. It is found in the memoirs of the exiled Russian churchman
2008:
1983:
1864:
1414:
938:
926:
662:
321:
311:
237:
7152:
A kultĂșra arcai. Mozaikok a kulturĂĄlis antropolĂłgia köreibĆl
5321:"Mongolia's Lost Secrets in Pictures: The Last Tuvan Shaman"
4521:
55:
12206:
12048:
11881:
11764:
11679:
11622:
10278:
10210:
9978:
9936:
8253:
4742:, London 1698; see Laufer B., "Origin of the Word Shaman,"
4220:, 2005. Attempts are being made to preserve and revitalize
4148:
4071:
3557:
3532:
3222:
3211:
2826:
2650:
2644:
2621:
2584:
1993:
1847:
667:
326:
8128:
7723:
Shamanism: The neural ecology of consciousness and healing
7203:. The Magazine for Traditional Music Throughout the World.
4581:
Shamans: Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination
3193:
inducing techniques to incite visionary ecstasy and go on
3186:
The shaman can treat sickness caused by malevolent spirits
2681:. The word "shaman" probably originates from the Tungusic
2641:
2612:
2575:
30:"Shaman" and "Shamans" redirect here. For other uses, see
12058:
12053:
11986:
11981:
11617:
8335:
7792:
1959; reprint, New York and London: Penguin Books, 1976.
7425:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2007b). "Is Shamanism a Folk Religion?".
7154:. TĂRStudomĂĄny (in Hungarian). Budapest: NapvilĂĄg KiadĂł.
6194:
Winkelman, Michael. "Shamanism and cognitive evolution".
4846:(in Hungarian). Budapest: MolnĂĄr KiadĂł. pp. 117â34.
3734:
3701:(shamans) fetch the souls of game from remote places, or
3691:
have ecological concerns related to shamanism. Among the
3357:
2615:
781:
4844:
Csodaszarvas. ĆstörtĂ©net, vallĂĄs Ă©s nĂ©phagyomĂĄny. Vol. I
3750:
2325:
2307:
6682:
6116:"Shamanism and Its Emancipatory Power for Korean Women"
5835:
Field Museum of Natural History: Anthropological Series
4780:
Chadwick, Hector Munro; Chadwick, Nora Kershaw (1968).
3576:
in the Philippines renewing an offering to the spirit (
1946:
8164:
7299:. Cleveland âą New York: The World Publishing Company.
4142:
4052:
important but uncontrollable outcomes. Citing work on
3225:, throw bones, and sometimes foretell of future events
2189:
is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (
7811:
The Don Juan Papers: Further Castaneda Controversies.
2748:, as well as those of the neighbouring Tungusic- and
2653:
2624:
2596:
2587:
8141:
Shamanism and the Image of the Teutonic Deity, ĂĂ°inn
7804:
The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing,
7316:
UrĂĄli nĂ©pek. Nyelvrokonaink kultĂșrĂĄja Ă©s hagyomĂĄnyai
5409:, University of California Press, pp. 342â358,
5062:, abstract online in second half of second paragraph
5024:
3199:
The shaman's spirit can leave the body to enter the
2220:
into the physical world for the purpose of healing,
6961:: 76 (Chpt 3 about obtaining shamanic capabilities)
6892:
6728:
6726:
6724:
5292:
3620:, preserving traditions by storytelling and songs,
3505:
2647:
2638:
2618:
2609:
2581:
2572:
8023:
7701:Voigt, MiklĂłs (2000). "SĂĄmĂĄn â a szĂł Ă©s Ă©rtelme".
7494:
7471:
7462:Janhunen, Juha. Siberian shamanistic terminology.
7283:Waiwai. Religion and society of an Amazonian tribe
7266:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
7063:HoppĂĄl 2005: 111, 117â19, 128, 132, 133â34, 252â63
6817:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6759:
6613:
6611:
6433:
4658:
4656:
4187:
4103:(c. 30,000 BP) in what is now the Czech Republic.
3705:to ask for game from mythological beings like the
8122:of Northeast China, by Richard Noll and Kun Shi (
7537:Popular beliefs and folklore tradition in Siberia
6818:ScheperâHughes, Nancy; Lock, Margaret M. (1987).
6699:
6697:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4918:Juha Janhunen, Siberian shamanistic terminology,
4601:Juha Janhunan, Siberian shamanistic terminology,
4091:Shamanic practices may originate as early as the
2387:
2381:
12279:
7573:Inuit Games and Songs / Chants et Jeux des Inuit
6721:
5576:
5574:
4779:
4709:Written before 1676, first printed in 1861; see
3180:The shaman can communicate with the spirit world
2806:. Part of this criticism involves the notion of
2556:would more accurately be translated as "priest".
2479:, which is not an actual Tungus term but simply
2316:â possibly from the southwestern dialect of the
7515:
6771:
6608:
6603:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5530:
5528:
5191:
4653:
4522:Mircea Eliade; Vilmos DiĂłszegi (May 12, 2020).
3253:items such as rocks with special powers and an
10362:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
8062:
7847:International Society for Shamanistic Research
7813:Santa Barbara, California: Ross-Erikson, 1980.
7258:
6694:
5990:
5988:
5581:Swancutt, Katherine; Mazard, Mireille (2018).
5580:
4994:
2399:
2371:
2349:
2320:spoken by the Sym Evenki peoples, or from the
11308:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
10875:
10449:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
9658:
8186:
8137:by Tatyana Sem, Russian Museum of Ethnography
7350:The title means "Shamans, souls and symbols".
7241:A såmånhit emlékei a magyar népi mƱveltségben
6985:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6098:
5971:
5969:
5571:
5371:
4902:"Definition of Shaman by Oxford Dictionaries"
4106:Sanskrit scholar and comparative mythologist
4032:
3217:The shaman can perform other varied forms of
3150:
2393:
2295:
2163:
1076:
7975:Dordrech and Boston: Kluwer/Springer, 2003.
6952:
6079:
5863:
5861:
5611:
5525:
5454:
5071:HoppĂĄl & SzathmĂĄri & TakĂĄcs 2006: 14
4470:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4114:" type (of circa 65,000 years ago) and the "
3260:Such practices are presumably very ancient.
2224:, or to aid human beings in some other way.
7999:
7841:Ă
ke Hultkrantz (Honorary Editor in Chief):
7579:, Faculty of Music, University of Montreal.
7534:
7378:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
6084:. Berlin: LIT Verlag MĂŒnster. p. 206.
5985:
5875:
5873:
5561:
4828:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
3290:
3273:Belief in witchcraft and sorcery, known as
10882:
10868:
9665:
9651:
8200:
8193:
8179:
7945:Wayward Shamans: the prehistory of an idea
7492:
7469:
7119:
6632:
6497:. The Ecologist, Vol. 29 No. 4, July 1999.
5966:
5918:
5829:Fay-Cooper Cole & Albert Gale (1922).
5166:
5010:. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
4039:
4025:
3782:
3596:or dimension. Most shamans have dreams or
3434:
3157:
3143:
2949:
2736:The term "shamanism" was first applied by
2170:
2156:
1239:Association for Research and Enlightenment
1083:
1069:
9592:Relationship between religion and science
7989:New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
7855:New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
7720:
7338:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Helikon KiadĂł.
7318:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Corvina KiadĂł.
7194:
7169:
6964:
6782:
6459:
6228:
6160:
6066:
6064:
5858:
5653:
5585:. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 102.
5415:10.1525/california/9780520222687.003.0023
5404:
5345:
5116:
5055:
5053:
4841:
4461:
2802:criticizes the term "shaman" in her book
9672:
7947:, University of California Press, 2013.
7637:Spirit Possession in the Nepal Himalayas
7289:
7238:
7216:
7207:
7039:
6540:
6536:
6534:
6506:
6434:Watson-Jones, Rachel E.; Legare (2018).
6390:
5870:
5849:
5513:
5489:
5131:
5030:
4989:Shamanism, Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy
4983:
4981:
4979:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4614:
4211:
4072:Ecological approaches and systems theory
3733:
3563:
3544:
3512:
2789:
2779:
2502:
2269:
591:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
7464:Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne,
7404:
7139:
7030:
6943:
5770:
5711:
5709:
5435:
5433:
5098:
4931:
4299:communities than traditional cultures.
4176:Armin Geertz coined and introduced the
3183:Spirits can be benevolent or malevolent
14:
12280:
10768:List of people executed for witchcraft
8518:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
8118:(Meng Jin Fu), The Last Shaman of the
7790:The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology.
7740:
7353:
7333:
7149:
6976:
6646:
6255:
6061:
6025:
6009:
6007:
5900:
5543:
5050:
4896:
4894:
4823:
4680:
4603:Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne
4578:
4551:
4302:
2471:A female shaman is sometimes called a
2330:, meaning "to know". However, Finnish
11236:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
10863:
10737:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
9646:
8174:
7700:
7654:"The cultural evolution of shamanism"
7651:
7409:. Budapest: Gondolat. pp. 9â25.
7313:
7083:"The Plastic Medicine People Circle."
6913:
6655:
6531:
6347:
6321:
6274:
6193:
5718:
5626:
5459:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
5031:Belcourt, Billy-Ray (July 19, 2018).
5005:
4976:
4635:
4477:"The cultural evolution of shamanism"
4474:
4278:Native Americans in the United States
4086:
3751:Cognitive and evolutionary approaches
7806:Harper & Row Publishers, NY 1980
7725:. Westport, CT: Bergen & Gavey.
7609:éććźæçĄç©¶ (Journal of Korean Religions)
7543:
7280:
7021:
6783:Joralemon, Donald (March 16, 2017).
6705:Nature worship in Siberian shamanism
6484:
5822:
5706:
5674:
5430:
4936:. Farnham: Ashgate. pp. 73â79.
4786:. The University Press. p. 13.
4750:London: Routledge, 2002, pp. 7â40. (
4118:" type (of circa 40,000 years ago).
3682:, a sophisticated system exists for
3669:
280:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
10889:
7567:
7106:"Pseudo Shamans Cherokee Statement"
7098:
6547:Britannica online encyclopedia 2008
6436:"The social functions of shamanism"
6113:
6004:
5346:Jardine, Bradley; Kupfer, Matthew.
4891:
4748:The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife,
4143:Semiotic and hermeneutic approaches
3237:Peruvian Amazon Basin, shamans and
3206:The shaman evokes animal images as
2306:, which itself comes from the word
24:
12197:LGBT themes in speculative fiction
11523:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien
10834:Left-hand path and right-hand path
10409:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
8129:New Age Frauds and Plastic Shamans
7778:
5558:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 7, 19â21
3684:environmental resources management
3476:
3398:
2209:. The goal of this is usually to
410:Archaeology of religion and ritual
54:
25:
12324:
8103:
7962:Shamanism and proto-consciousness
7648:Yokohama, Japan: Shumpusha, 2014.
6258:"The mystery of the medicine man"
5654:Buenaflor, Erika (May 28, 2019).
5439:
4556:. Berlin: Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf.
3729:
3425:Sound mimesis in various cultures
2663:benevolent and malevolent spirits
1309:Chiropractic treatment techniques
12262:
12261:
12251:
9627:
9626:
9616:
8000:Chongho Kim (January 18, 2018),
7933:, U. of New Mexico Press, 1992.
7831:, Millennia Press, Canada, 1993
7516:Kleivan, Inge; B. Sonne (1985).
7427:Shamans and Traditions (Vol. 13)
7075:
7057:
7048:
7012:
7003:
6994:
6934:
6886:
6877:
6868:
6859:
6850:
6811:
6750:
6738:
6709:
6673:
6664:
6620:
6583:
6574:
6565:
6500:
6196:Cambridge Archaeological Journal
5539:. Russian Museum of Ethnography.
5444:. National Geographic Adventure.
4770:Tomaskova, 2013, 76â78, 104â105.
3506:Items used in spiritual practice
3409:Imitation of sounds in shamanism
3379:Generally, shamans traverse the
2634:
2605:
2568:
2251:, creating what has been termed
2247:practices influenced by various
2112:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
1114:
12252:
11207:Ballantine Adult Fantasy series
7658:Behavioral & Brain Sciences
7446:Shamans and Traditions (Vol 13)
6427:
6384:
6341:
6315:
6268:
6249:
6222:
6187:
6154:
6107:
6080:Oelschlaegel, Anett C. (2016).
6073:
6052:
6043:
6034:
6016:
5945:
5936:
5927:
5909:
5891:
5882:
5813:
5804:
5764:
5748:
5739:
5647:
5627:McCoy, V. R. (March 30, 2018).
5620:
5599:
5552:
5534:
5501:
5448:
5398:
5365:
5339:
5313:
5286:
5254:
5229:
5204:
5160:
5125:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5065:
4950:
4934:Shamanism, Discourse, Modernity
4925:
4912:
4873:
4861:
4817:
4773:
4764:
4728:
4716:
4703:
4692:
4674:
4665:
4188:Medical anthropology approaches
3811:Psychological theories of magic
2203:altered states of consciousness
1148:Alternative veterinary medicine
123:Evolutionary origin of religion
10532:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
10393:Summis desiderantes affectibus
8149:â photographs by Standa Krupar
7869:2000. London: Waveland Press.
7470:Hugh-Jones, Christine (1980).
6824:Medical Anthropology Quarterly
6786:Exploring Medical Anthropology
6243:10.1525/eth.1986.14.2.02a00040
5348:"Welcome to the Tuva Republic"
4615:Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1996).
4608:
4595:
4572:
4560:
4545:
4515:
2665:, who typically enters into a
2498:
2260:
1771:Water fluoridation controversy
1727:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
278:Treatise on the Apparitions of
13:
1:
8079:10.1525/AA.1996.98.3.02A00060
7918:. Columbia University Press,
7518:Eskimos: Greenland and Canada
7235:The title means: "Shamanism".
6836:10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020
6440:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6393:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6350:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6322:Singh, Manvir (May 2, 2019).
6281:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
5999:online: Internet Archive copy
5980:online: Internet Archive copy
5759:online: Internet Archive copy
4481:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
4449:
2810:. This includes criticism of
2425:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
2257:or the neoshamanic movement.
2142:Wilson's temperature syndrome
2127:Multiple chemical sensitivity
1254:Biological terrain assessment
728:Traditional African religions
273:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
10537:accusations against children
10433:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
9557:Desacralization of knowledge
7912:Smith, Frederick M. (2006).
7539:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
7493:Hugh-Jones, Stephen (1980).
6104:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 24
6082:Plural World Interpretations
5819:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 25
5407:The Myth of the Noble Savage
5271:10.5040/9781472565358.ch-005
5146:10.1080/14631369.2014.939331
4736:Driejaarige Reize naar China
4699:https://gandhari.org/1áčŁamana
4688:. Arkana Books. p. 495.
4454:
4443:Spirit (supernatural entity)
3712:
2821:Kehoe is highly critical of
2520:the practice is controlled.
2265:
7:
11225:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
8969:Best of all possible worlds
8926:Eschatological verification
8483:Fine-tuning of the universe
7721:Winkelman, Michael (2000).
7596:
7443:
7424:
7336:Såmånok, lelkek és jelképek
6765:
6732:
6715:
6688:
6661:HoppĂĄl 2005: 13â15, 58, 197
6161:Winkelman, Michael (2000).
5994:
5975:
5754:
5605:
5376:. UNIV OF MINNESOTA Press.
5171:. Leiden: Global Oriental.
5167:Hangartner, Judith (2011).
4313:
4309:Regional forms of shamanism
3556:ritual involving children,
3368:
3203:world to search for answers
2400:
2356:
2302:
1803:Alternative medical systems
1432:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
1198:Fringe medicine and science
10:
12329:
10457:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
8159:A View from the Headwaters
8124:Internet Archive copy from
7931:Time and the Highland Maya
7750:Social Science Information
7373:
7239:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1998) .
7132:
6958:
6744:
6626:
6495:A View from the Headwaters
6114:Lee, Jonghyun (May 2009).
6058:Kleivan & Sonne: 27â28
5776:Shaman: The Wounded Healer
5537:"Shamanic Healing Rituals"
5519:
5507:
5495:
5006:Kehoe, Alice Beck (2000).
4867:
4738:, Amsterdam 1698; transl.
4722:
4710:
4566:
4306:
4274:Sakha people and Tuvans).
3402:
3372:
3294:
3243:use medicine songs called
3173:(1972) are the following:
3127:in the early modern period
2925:
2893:
2783:
1813:Biologically based therapy
1373:Dental amalgam controversy
29:
12247:
12153:
12072:
11962:
11800:
11720:
11549:
11540:
11470:
11461:
11370:
11338:
11276:
11263:List of story collections
11192:
11148:
11141:
11104:Occult detective fictionâ
10925:
10897:
10801:
10780:
10745:
10729:
10687:
10636:
10605:
10574:
10565:
10522:
10515:
10489:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
10352:
10229:
10069:
9882:
9815:
9691:
9684:
9612:
9544:
9448:
9333:
9253:
9188:
9110:
9017:
9002:
8954:
8916:
8628:
8553:
8428:
8419:
8349:
8286:
8277:
8208:
7670:10.1017/S0140525X17001893
7217:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1962).
7208:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1968).
7195:DeschĂȘnes, Bruno (2002).
7093:Sonoma Free County Press.
6907:10.1215/00141801-2006-001
6789:(4 ed.). Routledge.
6509:"Shamanism in Prehistory"
6491:Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
6452:10.1017/S0140525X17002199
6405:10.1017/S0140525X17002084
6362:10.1017/S0140525X17002023
6293:10.1017/S0140525X17002230
6208:10.1017/S0959774302000045
5307:10.1215/00141801-2006-001
5265:, Hart Publishing, 2011,
5237:"Definition of Shamanism"
4493:10.1017/S0140525X17001893
4077:Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
3582:) of a warrior's shield (
2563:Oxford English Dictionary
2394:
2350:
2296:
2249:Native American religions
1437:Facilitated communication
806:Armenian Apostolic Church
12293:Anthropology of religion
11528:World Fantasy Convention
10819:Christian views on magic
10497:The Discovery of Witches
10369:Directorium Inquisitorum
9198:Friedrich Schleiermacher
8784:Theories about religions
8586:Inconsistent revelations
8135:Shamanic Healing Rituals
7762:10.1177/0539018410391044
7741:Witzel, Michael (2011).
7170:Czaplicka, M.A. (1914).
6132:10.1177/0886109909331756
5630:Shaman-the Dawn's People
5194:Rocznik Orientalistyczny
4932:Alberts, Thomas (2015).
4783:The Growth of Literature
4744:American Anthropologist,
4621:. Blackwell Publishers.
4552:Gredig, Florian (2009).
4391:Reincarnation (Ho-Chunk)
3946:Christian views on magic
3540:
3291:Soul and spirit concepts
2483:plus the Russian suffix
2102:Candida hypersensitivity
1284:Fake COVID-19 treatments
1098:This article is part of
698:Native American religion
353:Revitalization movements
208:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
48:Anthropology of religion
11596:Fire-breathing monsters
10425:De praestigiis daemonum
10377:De maleficis mulieribus
8066:American Anthropologist
7822:American Anthropologist
7374:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2005).
7334:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1994).
7140:BarĂŒske, Heinz (1969).
6165:. Bergin & Garvey.
5978:: 10, footnote 10 (see
5810:BarĂŒske 1969: 24, 50â51
5216:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
5099:Rydving, Hakan (2011).
4824:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2005).
4740:A Journal of an Ambassy
4579:Hutton, Ronald (2001).
4554:Finding New Cosmologies
4528:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4054:the psychology of magic
3435:Initiation and learning
3324:Scarcity of hunted game
2388:
2382:
2372:
2326:
2308:
2197:) interacting with the
1776:COVID-19 misinformation
1704:Young blood transfusion
1584:Orthomolecular medicine
1549:Mindâbody interventions
1219:Anthroposophic medicine
1159:Rise of modern medicine
612:The Journal of Religion
233:Theories about religion
32:Shaman (disambiguation)
11347:Dungeons & Dragons
10481:Compendium Maleficarum
10473:Magical Investigations
10364:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
9062:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
8202:Philosophy of religion
7884:In the Shadow of Crows
7818:"Shamans as Neurotics"
7809:Richard de Mille, ed.
7652:Singh, Manvir (2018).
7197:"Inuit Throat-Singing"
7150:BoglĂĄr, Lajos (2001).
6543:"Prehistoric religion"
6275:Singh, Manvir (2018).
6256:Reuell, Peter (2018).
6013:Reichel-Dolmatoff 1997
5726:"Inuit Throat-Singing"
5660:. Simon and Schuster.
5372:KING, THOMAS. (2018).
5212:"Shamanism | religion"
5033:"Fatal Naming Rituals"
4958:"Fatal Naming Rituals"
4475:Singh, Manvir (2018).
4225:
3747:
3589:
3561:
3524:
3391:or through the use of
3189:The shaman can employ
2808:cultural appropriation
2795:
2523:The English historian
2516:
2485:
2466:Christian missionaries
2429:Noord en Oost Tataryen
2279:
1808:Mindâbody intervention
1759:MMR vaccine and autism
1749:Vaccine misinformation
1644:Rapid prompting method
658:Alaska Native religion
653:Afro-American religion
248:Veneration of the dead
59:
11413:International Fantasy
10104:Cloak of invisibility
9860:Solitary practitioner
9773:Witch-cult hypothesis
9597:Faith and rationality
9552:Criticism of religion
9490:Robert Merrihew Adams
9480:Nicholas Wolterstorff
8683:Divine command theory
8010:10.4324/9781315198156
7880:David Charles Manners
7569:Nattiez, Jean Jacques
7125:Vitebsky 1996: 150â53
7095:Accessed 31 Jan 2013.
6795:10.4324/9781315470610
6643:HoppĂĄl 2005: 25â26,43
5745:Turner et al., p. 440
5465:10.1215/9780822385837
4881:"Circle of Tengerism"
4401:Shaking Tent Ceremony
4258:shamanism among Inuit
4215:
4135:and belonging to the
4101:Upper Paleolithic era
3737:
3567:
3548:
3520:shaman priest in his
3516:
3214:, and message-bearers
3117:Witch-cult hypothesis
3112:Witch as an archetype
2793:
2784:Further information:
2780:Criticism of the term
2506:
2443:to English speakers.
2273:
2137:Vertebral subluxation
2086:Alternative diagnoses
1674:Thought Field Therapy
1314:Vertebral subluxation
1059:cultural anthropology
678:Chinese folk religion
570:Anthony F. C. Wallace
565:Daniel Martin Varisco
490:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
392:of the Religious Life
58:
12313:Supernatural healing
12217:Supernatural fiction
11294:Fantastic Adventures
10824:Magical organization
10339:Witches of Benevento
9587:Religious philosophy
9067:Pico della Mirandola
9032:Anselm of Canterbury
8964:Augustinian theodicy
8876:Religious skepticism
8209:Concepts in religion
8147:Shamanism in Siberia
7827:Jay Courtney Fikes,
7281:Fock, Niels (1963).
6982:DiĂłszegi 1960: 88â89
6949:DiĂłszegi 1960: 37â39
6597:, November 4, 2008,
4887:on January 26, 2013.
4386:Prehistoric medicine
4001:Magical organization
3654:The assistant of an
3429:Inuit throat singing
2843:spirit communication
2550:Indigenous religions
2460:. She suggests that
2386:, in Tocharian B as
2107:Chronic Lyme disease
1836:Traditional medicine
1818:Manipulative methods
1619:Postural Integration
1482:Bach flower remedies
1358:Craniosacral therapy
1186:Therapeutic nihilism
1131:Alternative medicine
1108:Alternative medicine
713:Shamanism in Siberia
560:Edward Burnett Tylor
390:The Elementary Forms
158:Magic (supernatural)
108:Comparative religion
11518:Tolkien's influence
11231:Fantasy Masterworks
11184:Television programs
10992:Fairy tale parodies
10441:Newes from Scotland
10401:Malleus Maleficarum
9778:Anglo-Saxon England
9572:History of religion
9273:Friedrich Nietzsche
9150:Gottfried W Leibniz
9145:Nicolas Malebranche
9077:King James VI and I
8357:Abrahamic religions
7926:. pp. 195â202.
7632:of Northeast China.
7600:; Shi, Kun (2004).
7589:website curated by
7407:SĂĄmĂĄnok Ă©s kultĂșrĂĄk
7376:SĂĄmĂĄnok EurĂĄzsiĂĄban
7356:Folklór és közösség
7296:Book of the Eskimos
7260:Fienup-Riordan, Ann
7072:HoppĂĄl 2005: 257â58
6513:Bradshaw foundation
5995:Noll & Shi 2004
5976:Noll & Shi 2004
5780:Thames & Hudson
5755:Noll & Shi 2004
5241:Merriam-Webster.com
5118:10.4000/emscat.1815
4826:SĂĄmĂĄnok EurĂĄzsiĂĄban
4671:Januhnan, 1986: 98.
4303:Regional variations
4216:A shaman doctor of
4011:Western esotericism
2851:Abrahamic religions
2798:The anthropologist
2769:supernatural realms
1754:Vaccines and autism
1744:Anti-vaccinationism
1737:OPV AIDS hypothesis
1539:Megavitamin therapy
1452:Functional medicine
1229:Applied kinesiology
1125:General information
895:Hindu denominations
836:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
605:The Hibbert Journal
515:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
500:Fustel de Coulanges
42:Part of a series on
12308:Spiritual practice
12298:Indigenous culture
11740:Damsel in distress
11508:Mythopoeic Society
11109:Paranormal romance
11024:Historical fantasy
11009:Fantasy of manners
10963:Children's fantasy
10793:Witches in fiction
10781:In popular culture
10355:historic treatises
9582:Religious language
9562:Ethics in religion
9520:William Lane Craig
9395:Charles Hartshorne
9135:Desiderius Erasmus
9037:Augustine of Hippo
8979:Inconsistent triad
8941:Apophatic theology
8936:Logical positivism
8918:Religious language
8538:Watchmaker analogy
8503:Necessary existent
8279:Conceptions of God
8239:Intelligent design
7971:Andrei Znamenski,
7943:Silvia TomĂĄĆĄkovĂĄ,
7466:1986, 194: 97â117.
7397:2010-01-02 at the
7201:Musical Traditions
7088:2013-03-05 at the
6940:BoglĂĄr 2001: 19â20
6049:Vitebsky 1996: 108
6022:Vitebsky 1996: 107
5942:HoppĂĄl 2005: 87â95
5933:HoppĂĄl 2005: 61â64
5915:HoppĂĄl 2005: 34â35
5897:HoppĂĄl 2005: 28â33
5888:HoppĂĄl 2005: 27â28
4757:2013-12-02 at the
4286:fraudulent shamans
4226:
4172:"grammar of mind."
4087:Historical origins
3941:Magic and religion
3806:Magic and religion
3748:
3624:, and acting as a
3590:
3562:
3560:, Indonesia (1920)
3525:
3102:Magic and religion
2796:
2517:
2435:, a merchant from
2392:and in Chinese as
2280:
2218:spiritual energies
2122:Leaky gut syndrome
2097:Aerotoxic syndrome
2034:Prophetic medicine
1732:HIV/AIDS denialism
1559:Myofascial release
1467:Holistic dentistry
1447:Feldenkrais Method
1427:Estrogen dominance
1353:Conversion therapy
949:Non-denominational
861:Oriental Orthodoxy
415:Poles in mythology
148:Laying on of hands
60:
27:Religious practice
12275:
12274:
12149:
12148:
12074:Places and events
11536:
11535:
11366:
11365:
11087:Planetary romance
10998:Fairytale fantasy
10953:Alternate history
10941:Sword and sorcery
10932:Action-adventure
10857:
10856:
10814:Witch (archetype)
10776:
10775:
10725:
10724:
10051:Sympathetic magic
9878:
9877:
9640:
9639:
9540:
9539:
9500:Peter van Inwagen
9485:Richard Swinburne
9430:George I Mavrodes
9290:Vladimir Solovyov
9230:SĂžren Kierkegaard
9155:William Wollaston
9102:William of Ockham
9082:Marcion of Sinope
8984:Irenaean theodicy
8974:Euthyphro dilemma
8901:Transcendentalism
8730:Womanist theology
8720:Feminist theology
8624:
8623:
8415:
8414:
8301:Divine simplicity
8221:Euthyphro dilemma
8143:by A. Asbjorn Jon
7995:978-0-1951-7231-7
7985:Andrei Znamenski,
7981:978-1-4020-1740-7
7953:978-0-520-27532-4
7939:978-0-8263-1358-4
7929:Barbara Tedlock,
7924:978-0-231-13748-5
7907:978-0-7914-2315-8
7897:Jordan D. Paper,
7892:978-1-904955-92-4
7875:978-1-57766-162-7
7861:978-0-19-516115-1
7845:. Journal of the
7837:978-0-9696960-0-1
7816:George Devereux,
7802:Harner, Michael,
7798:978-0-14-019443-2
7732:978-963-9104-39-6
7712:978-963-9104-39-6
7618:on March 26, 2009
7591:Jerome Rothenberg
7577:Musical Semiotics
7562:Finno-Ugric guide
7555:978-963-243-813-9
7527:978-90-04-07160-5
7508:978-0-521-21952-5
7485:978-0-521-22544-1
7455:978-963-05-8521-7
7436:978-963-05-8521-7
7416:978-963-9450-28-8
7385:978-963-05-8295-7
7365:978-963-9028-14-2
7345:978-963-208-298-1
7325:978-963-13-0900-3
7306:978-0-449-30802-8
7273:978-0-585-12190-1
7250:978-963-05-7542-3
7230:978-963-9147-13-3
7187:978-1-60506-060-6
7172:"Types of shaman"
7161:978-963-9082-94-6
7081:Hagan, Helene E.
6804:978-1-315-47061-0
6679:HoppĂĄl 2006b: 175
6519:on April 30, 2008
6172:978-0-89789-704-4
6091:978-3-643-90788-2
5789:978-0-500-81029-3
5667:978-1-59143-341-5
5640:978-1-7321874-0-5
5592:978-1-78533-865-6
5474:978-0-8223-3333-3
5424:978-0-520-22268-7
5383:978-1-5179-0446-3
5327:. August 21, 2014
5280:978-1-84113-878-7
5178:978-1-906876-11-1
5089:Vitebsky 1996: 11
5060:ISSR, 2001 Summer
5017:978-1-57766-162-7
4943:978-1-4724-3986-4
4908:on April 2, 2017.
4853:978-963-218-200-1
4835:978-963-05-8295-7
4662:DiĂłszegi 1962: 13
4628:978-1-55786-560-1
4371:Neuroanthropology
4170:uses the concept
4066:Nicholas Humphrey
4049:
4048:
3901:Sympathetic magic
3720:ayahuasca tourism
3670:Ecological aspect
3375:Religious ecstasy
3167:
3166:
2765:religious ecstasy
2560:According to the
2314:Tungusic language
2290:derives from the
2243:, created modern
2180:
2179:
1907:Chinese herbology
1664:Scientific racism
1629:Psychodermatology
1534:Medical intuitive
1514:Lightning Process
1472:Hologram bracelet
1420:Therapeutic touch
1321:Christian Science
1294:Cancer treatments
1093:
1092:
881:Russian Orthodoxy
831:Eastern Orthodoxy
480:Arnold van Gennep
399:Purity and Danger
16:(Redirected from
12320:
12265:
12264:
12255:
12254:
12131:Enchanted forest
11775:Occult detective
11547:
11546:
11503:Lovecraft fandom
11468:
11467:
11172:highest-grossing
11146:
11145:
11133:Westâern fantasy
10884:
10877:
10870:
10861:
10860:
10788:Magic in fiction
10618:Northern Moravia
10572:
10571:
10552:Papua New Guinea
10520:
10519:
10304:Nine sorceresses
10056:Witches' Sabbath
9905:Ceremonial magic
9895:Apotropaic magic
9689:
9688:
9667:
9660:
9653:
9644:
9643:
9630:
9629:
9620:
9525:Ali Akbar Rashad
9388:Reinhold Niebuhr
9348:Bertrand Russell
9343:George Santayana
9240:Albrecht Ritschl
9225:Ludwig Feuerbach
9015:
9014:
9011:(by date active)
8871:Process theology
8616:Russell's teapot
8426:
8425:
8421:Existence of God
8331:Process theology
8284:
8283:
8269:Theological veto
8232:religious belief
8195:
8188:
8181:
8172:
8171:
8098:
8059:
8034:(1/2): 112â119.
8020:
8002:Korean Shamanism
7851:Philip Jenkins,
7773:
7747:
7736:
7716:
7689:
7643:Shimamura, Ippei
7627:
7625:
7623:
7617:
7606:
7583:available online
7581:. The songs are
7580:
7559:
7540:
7531:
7512:
7500:
7489:
7477:
7459:
7440:
7420:
7389:
7369:
7349:
7329:
7310:
7286:
7277:
7254:
7234:
7213:
7204:
7191:
7165:
7145:
7126:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7102:
7096:
7079:
7073:
7070:
7064:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7037:
7034:
7028:
7025:
7019:
7018:Merkur 1985: 134
7016:
7010:
7009:Merkur 1985: 132
7007:
7001:
6998:
6992:
6991:HoppĂĄl 2005: 224
6989:
6983:
6980:
6974:
6968:
6962:
6956:
6950:
6947:
6941:
6938:
6932:
6931:HoppĂĄl 2005: 259
6929:
6920:
6919:HoppĂĄl 2005: 117
6917:
6911:
6910:
6890:
6884:
6881:
6875:
6872:
6866:
6863:
6857:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6780:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6754:
6748:
6745:PentikÀinen 1995
6742:
6736:
6730:
6719:
6713:
6707:
6703:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly:
6701:
6692:
6686:
6680:
6677:
6671:
6670:HoppĂĄl 2006a: 11
6668:
6662:
6659:
6653:
6650:
6644:
6641:
6630:
6627:PentikÀinen 1995
6624:
6618:
6615:
6606:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6572:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6553:on April 9, 2008
6549:. Archived from
6538:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6515:. Archived from
6504:
6498:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6463:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6328:The Conversation
6319:
6313:
6312:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6191:
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6068:
6059:
6056:
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6047:
6041:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6023:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6002:
5992:
5983:
5973:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5949:
5943:
5940:
5934:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5868:
5865:
5856:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5826:
5820:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5768:
5762:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5722:
5716:
5713:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5694:on April 2, 2015
5693:
5687:. Archived from
5686:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5578:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5437:
5428:
5427:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5081:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5003:
4992:
4985:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4929:
4923:
4922:1986, 194: 97â98
4916:
4910:
4909:
4904:. Archived from
4898:
4889:
4888:
4883:. Archived from
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4839:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4800:, 'shamaness', '
4777:
4771:
4768:
4762:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4707:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4651:
4648:
4633:
4632:
4612:
4606:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4472:
4168:Juha PentikÀinen
4137:Natufian culture
4041:
4034:
4027:
3841:Ceremonial magic
3831:Apotropaic magic
3801:History of magic
3786:
3763:
3762:
3483:Ecstatic dancing
3389:autohypnotically
3255:animating spirit
3159:
3152:
3145:
2988:
2981:
2972:
2965:
2953:
2930:
2929:
2904:tribal societies
2870:
2754:ethnic religions
2731:Khanate of Kazan
2729:the shamanistic
2673:, and practices
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2477:
2476:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2375:
2361:
2353:
2352:
2329:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2245:magico-religious
2172:
2165:
2158:
1922:Gill plate trade
1684:Vaginal steaming
1331:Colloidal silver
1299:Charcoal cleanse
1118:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1071:
826:Coptic Orthodoxy
540:Marshall Sahlins
382:Related articles
39:
38:
21:
12328:
12327:
12323:
12322:
12321:
12319:
12318:
12317:
12278:
12277:
12276:
12271:
12243:
12212:Science fiction
12145:
12068:
11958:
11865:Magical weapons
11796:
11760:Fairy godmother
11716:
11660:Talking animals
11532:
11457:
11383:British Fantasy
11362:
11334:
11315:Science Fantasy
11272:
11188:
11137:
11076:Science fantasy
10921:
10893:
10891:Fantasy fiction
10888:
10858:
10853:
10797:
10772:
10741:
10721:
10683:
10637:Northern Europe
10632:
10601:
10561:
10511:
10354:
10348:
10231:
10225:
10164:Magical weapons
10114:Flying ointment
10065:
9910:Magical formula
9874:
9811:
9758:Greece and Rome
9680:
9671:
9641:
9636:
9608:
9536:
9532:Alexander Pruss
9515:Jean-Luc Marion
9470:Alvin Plantinga
9465:Dewi Z Phillips
9452:
9450:
9444:
9415:Walter Kaufmann
9405:Frithjof Schuon
9378:Rudolf Bultmann
9335:
9329:
9325:Joseph Maréchal
9315:Pavel Florensky
9310:Sergei Bulgakov
9295:Ernst Troeltsch
9278:Harald HĂžffding
9255:
9249:
9220:William Whewell
9208:Georg W F Hegel
9203:Karl C F Krause
9190:
9184:
9180:Johann G Herder
9170:Baron d'Holbach
9120:Augustin Calmet
9106:
9022:
9010:
9009:
9006:
8998:
8956:Problem of evil
8950:
8946:Verificationism
8912:
8620:
8566:Atheist's Wager
8549:
8411:
8345:
8273:
8249:Problem of evil
8204:
8199:
8106:
8101:
7786:Joseph Campbell
7781:
7779:Further reading
7776:
7745:
7733:
7713:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7604:
7556:
7546:Finnugor kalauz
7528:
7509:
7486:
7456:
7437:
7417:
7399:Wayback Machine
7386:
7366:
7346:
7326:
7307:
7291:Freuchen, Peter
7274:
7251:
7231:
7188:
7162:
7135:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7120:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7090:Wayback Machine
7080:
7076:
7071:
7067:
7062:
7058:
7054:HoppĂĄl 2005: 93
7053:
7049:
7045:HoppĂĄl 2005: 88
7044:
7040:
7036:HoppĂĄl 1994: 62
7035:
7031:
7027:HoppĂĄl 2005: 92
7026:
7022:
7017:
7013:
7008:
7004:
6999:
6995:
6990:
6986:
6981:
6977:
6969:
6965:
6957:
6953:
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6891:
6887:
6882:
6878:
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6869:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6816:
6812:
6805:
6781:
6772:
6764:
6760:
6755:
6751:
6743:
6739:
6731:
6722:
6714:
6710:
6702:
6695:
6687:
6683:
6678:
6674:
6669:
6665:
6660:
6656:
6652:HoppĂĄl 2004: 14
6651:
6647:
6642:
6633:
6625:
6621:
6617:HoppĂĄl 2005: 14
6616:
6609:
6588:
6584:
6579:
6575:
6570:
6566:
6556:
6554:
6539:
6532:
6522:
6520:
6505:
6501:
6489:
6485:
6432:
6428:
6389:
6385:
6346:
6342:
6332:
6330:
6320:
6316:
6273:
6269:
6262:Harvard Gazette
6254:
6250:
6227:
6223:
6192:
6188:
6173:
6159:
6155:
6112:
6108:
6103:
6099:
6092:
6078:
6074:
6069:
6062:
6057:
6053:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6031:BoglĂĄr 2001: 26
6030:
6026:
6021:
6017:
6012:
6005:
5993:
5986:
5974:
5967:
5957:
5955:
5951:
5950:
5946:
5941:
5937:
5932:
5928:
5924:HoppĂĄl 2005: 36
5923:
5919:
5914:
5910:
5906:HoppĂĄl 2005: 37
5905:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5887:
5883:
5879:HoppĂĄl 2005: 25
5878:
5871:
5867:BoglĂĄr 2001: 24
5866:
5859:
5855:HoppĂĄl 2005: 45
5854:
5850:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5814:
5809:
5805:
5790:
5769:
5765:
5753:
5749:
5744:
5740:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5714:
5707:
5697:
5695:
5691:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5668:
5652:
5648:
5641:
5625:
5621:
5617:HoppĂĄl 2005: 99
5616:
5612:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5579:
5572:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:HoppĂĄl 2005: 27
5548:
5544:
5533:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5475:
5453:
5449:
5442:"Hell and Back"
5438:
5431:
5425:
5403:
5399:
5384:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5344:
5340:
5330:
5328:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5165:
5161:
5134:Asian Ethnicity
5130:
5126:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5084:
5080:HoppĂĄl 1998: 40
5079:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5051:
5041:
5039:
5029:
5025:
5018:
5004:
4995:
4987:Mircea Eliade,
4986:
4977:
4967:
4965:
4964:. July 19, 2018
4956:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4930:
4926:
4917:
4913:
4900:
4899:
4892:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4870:. pp. viiâviii.
4866:
4862:
4854:
4836:
4822:
4818:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4765:
4759:Wayback Machine
4733:
4729:
4721:
4717:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4693:
4679:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4654:
4650:HoppĂĄl 2005: 15
4649:
4636:
4629:
4613:
4609:
4600:
4596:
4577:
4573:
4565:
4561:
4550:
4546:
4532:
4530:
4520:
4516:
4473:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4291:There are also
4282:Cherokee Nation
4207:
4190:
4162:There are also
4145:
4089:
4074:
4045:
4016:
4015:
3996:Magical formula
3986:
3985:
3976:
3975:
3956:Islam and magic
3936:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3826:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3796:
3795:
3753:
3732:
3715:
3672:
3658:shaman (called
3622:fortune-telling
3594:spiritual world
3543:
3508:
3479:
3477:Other practices
3452:Northeast China
3444:rite of passage
3437:
3411:
3401:
3399:Music and songs
3387:trance, either
3377:
3371:
3299:
3293:
3163:
3134:
3133:
3065:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3003:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2977:
2968:
2961:
2928:
2896:
2864:
2860:Anthropologist
2788:
2782:
2683:Evenki language
2669:state during a
2637:
2633:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2571:
2567:
2501:
2474:
2473:
2417:Nicolaes Witsen
2344:noted that the
2322:Manchu language
2276:Nicolaes Witsen
2268:
2263:
2230:academic papers
2176:
2147:
2146:
2092:Adrenal fatigue
2087:
2079:
2078:
1853:Southern Africa
1838:
1828:
1827:
1798:
1796:Classifications
1788:
1787:
1764:in chiropractic
1722:
1714:
1713:
1634:Quantum healing
1624:Psychic surgery
1499:Ionized jewelry
1462:Herbal medicine
1410:Esoteric energy
1400:Energy medicine
1368:Cupping therapy
1363:Crystal healing
1336:Colon cleansing
1274:Bowen technique
1244:Auriculotherapy
1199:
1191:
1190:
1126:
1089:
1049:
1048:
841:Greek Orthodoxy
821:Catholic Church
637:
636:
625:
624:
585:
584:
575:
574:
550:Stanley Tambiah
505:Clifford Geertz
460:Joseph Campbell
445:Augustin Calmet
440:
439:
438:Major theorists
430:
429:
405:Myth and ritual
391:
384:
383:
374:
373:
279:
263:
262:
253:
252:
203:Sacred language
193:Rite of passage
118:Divine language
83:
82:
73:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12326:
12316:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12273:
12272:
12270:
12269:
12259:
12248:
12245:
12244:
12242:
12241:
12236:
12235:
12234:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12192:Horror fiction
12189:
12187:Gothic fiction
12184:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12157:
12155:
12151:
12150:
12147:
12146:
12144:
12143:
12138:
12136:Thieves' guild
12133:
12128:
12123:
12122:
12121:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12095:
12094:
12084:
12078:
12076:
12070:
12069:
12067:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12045:
12044:
12039:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11968:
11966:
11960:
11959:
11957:
11956:
11955:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11886:
11885:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11873:
11872:
11862:
11857:
11847:
11846:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11817:
11806:
11804:
11798:
11797:
11795:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11783:
11782:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11757:
11752:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11726:
11724:
11718:
11717:
11715:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11703:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11647:
11646:
11645:
11640:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11609:
11608:
11603:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11577:
11576:
11571:
11561:
11555:
11553:
11544:
11538:
11537:
11534:
11533:
11531:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11513:Tolkien fandom
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11471:
11465:
11459:
11458:
11456:
11455:
11450:
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11405:
11400:
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11390:
11385:
11380:
11374:
11372:
11368:
11367:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11342:
11340:
11336:
11335:
11333:
11332:
11325:
11318:
11311:
11304:
11297:
11290:
11282:
11280:
11274:
11273:
11271:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11259:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11241:List of novels
11238:
11233:
11228:
11221:
11220:
11219:
11209:
11204:
11198:
11196:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11186:
11181:
11180:
11179:
11174:
11164:
11158:
11156:
11143:
11139:
11138:
11136:
11135:
11130:
11129:
11128:
11123:
11113:
11112:
11111:
11106:
11096:
11091:
11090:
11089:
11084:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11057:
11056:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10995:
10989:
10988:
10987:
10977:
10976:
10975:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10949:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10929:
10927:
10923:
10922:
10920:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10898:
10895:
10894:
10887:
10886:
10879:
10872:
10864:
10855:
10854:
10852:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10811:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10795:
10790:
10784:
10782:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10749:
10747:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10739:
10733:
10731:
10727:
10726:
10723:
10722:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10717:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10691:
10689:
10688:Western Europe
10685:
10684:
10682:
10681:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10640:
10638:
10634:
10633:
10631:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10609:
10607:
10606:Eastern Europe
10603:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10578:
10576:
10569:
10563:
10562:
10560:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10528:
10526:
10517:
10513:
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10510:
10509:
10501:
10493:
10485:
10477:
10469:
10461:
10453:
10445:
10437:
10429:
10421:
10413:
10405:
10397:
10389:
10381:
10373:
10365:
10358:
10356:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10344:Witch of Endor
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10235:
10233:
10227:
10226:
10224:
10223:
10221:Witch's ladder
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
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10171:
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9897:
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9867:
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9545:Related topics
9542:
9541:
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9534:
9528:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9505:Daniel Dennett
9502:
9497:
9495:Ravi Zacharias
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9460:William L Rowe
9456:
9454:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9442:
9437:
9435:William Alston
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9391:
9390:
9385:
9383:Gabriel Marcel
9380:
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9360:
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9320:Ernst Cassirer
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9140:Baruch Spinoza
9137:
9132:
9127:
9125:René Descartes
9122:
9116:
9114:
9108:
9107:
9105:
9104:
9099:
9097:Thomas Aquinas
9094:
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8866:Possibilianism
8863:
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8754:
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8742:Fundamentalism
8739:
8734:
8733:
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8727:
8717:
8716:
8715:
8710:
8703:Existentialism
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
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8670:
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8660:
8655:
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8645:
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8632:
8626:
8625:
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8619:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8596:Noncognitivism
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8557:
8555:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8547:
8545:Transcendental
8542:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8513:Pascal's wager
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8464:
8463:
8458:
8448:
8443:
8441:Christological
8438:
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8423:
8417:
8416:
8413:
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8410:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
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8150:
8144:
8138:
8132:
8126:
8113:
8105:
8104:External links
8102:
8100:
8099:
8073:(3): 512â527.
8060:
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7142:Eskimo MĂ€rchen
7136:
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7118:
7097:
7074:
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7047:
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7011:
7002:
7000:Nagy 1998: 232
6993:
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6912:
6885:
6876:
6867:
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6803:
6770:
6758:
6756:Merkur 1985: v
6749:
6737:
6720:
6708:
6693:
6681:
6672:
6663:
6654:
6645:
6631:
6619:
6607:
6582:
6573:
6564:
6541:Karl J. Narr.
6530:
6507:Jean Clottes.
6499:
6483:
6426:
6383:
6340:
6314:
6267:
6248:
6237:(2): 174â203.
6221:
6186:
6171:
6153:
6126:(2): 186â198.
6106:
6097:
6090:
6072:
6070:Merkur 1985: 3
6060:
6051:
6042:
6040:Merkur 1985: 5
6033:
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5542:
5535:Sem, Tatyana.
5524:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5473:
5447:
5429:
5423:
5397:
5382:
5364:
5338:
5312:
5301:(3): 445â447.
5285:
5279:
5253:
5228:
5203:
5184:
5177:
5159:
5140:(4): 473â491.
5124:
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4860:
4852:
4834:
4816:
4796:feminine form
4772:
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4702:
4691:
4682:Eliade, Mircea
4673:
4664:
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4410:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4381:Plastic shaman
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:Divine madness
4317:
4315:
4312:
4307:Main article:
4304:
4301:
4293:neoshamanistic
4271:
4270:
4266:
4243:language shift
4206:
4203:
4189:
4186:
4144:
4141:
4108:Michael Witzel
4088:
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4073:
4070:
4047:
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4036:
4029:
4021:
4018:
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4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3984:Related topics
3983:
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3808:
3803:
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3788:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3758:theory of mind
3752:
3749:
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3730:Academic study
3728:
3714:
3711:
3671:
3668:
3550:South Moluccan
3542:
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3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3459:wounded healer
3436:
3433:
3415:natural sounds
3405:Shamanic music
3400:
3397:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3341:
3337:
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3325:
3321:
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3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
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3072:
3066:
3063:Related topics
3062:
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2883:Piers Vitebsky
2781:
2778:
2723:Proto-Tungusic
2558:
2557:
2546:
2535:
2532:
2513:Russian Empire
2500:
2497:
2458:Ural Mountains
2284:Modern English
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2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
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1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Pressure point
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1823:Energy therapy
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1709:Zero balancing
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1694:Vision therapy
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1609:Parapsychology
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1529:Manual therapy
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1378:Detoxification
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1155:(health fraud)
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866:Pentecostalism
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646:folk religions
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470:Ămile Durkheim
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450:Akbar S. Ahmed
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425:Elite religion
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420:Lived religion
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81:Basic concepts
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50:
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26:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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12230:
12229:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12182:
12181:Ghost stories
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12158:
12156:
12152:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12120:
12117:
12116:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12075:
12071:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12034:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11969:
11967:
11965:
11964:Fantasy races
11961:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11937:Shapeshifting
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11889:
11887:
11883:
11880:
11878:
11875:
11871:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11852:
11851:
11848:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11825:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11812:
11811:
11810:Hard and soft
11808:
11807:
11805:
11803:
11799:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11781:
11778:
11777:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11727:
11725:
11723:
11719:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11667:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11635:
11634:
11633:Shapeshifters
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11598:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11566:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11556:
11554:
11552:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11539:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11492:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11472:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11460:
11454:
11453:World Fantasy
11451:
11449:
11448:TĂ€htifantasia
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11418:Japan Fantasy
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11375:
11373:
11369:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11348:
11344:
11343:
11341:
11337:
11331:
11330:
11326:
11324:
11323:
11319:
11317:
11316:
11312:
11310:
11309:
11305:
11303:
11302:
11298:
11296:
11295:
11291:
11289:
11288:
11284:
11283:
11281:
11279:
11275:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11243:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11226:
11222:
11218:
11215:
11214:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11199:
11197:
11195:
11191:
11185:
11182:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11169:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11159:
11157:
11155:
11151:
11147:
11144:
11140:
11134:
11131:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11118:
11117:
11116:Weird fiction
11114:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11101:
11100:
11099:Urban fantasy
11097:
11095:
11092:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11055:
11052:
11051:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
10999:
10996:
10993:
10990:
10986:
10983:
10982:
10981:
10978:
10974:
10971:
10970:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10930:
10928:
10924:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10899:
10896:
10892:
10885:
10880:
10878:
10873:
10871:
10866:
10865:
10862:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10844:Folk religion
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10785:
10783:
10779:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10750:
10748:
10744:
10738:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10728:
10716:
10713:
10712:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10686:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10641:
10639:
10635:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10610:
10608:
10604:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10579:
10577:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10564:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10529:
10527:
10525:
10521:
10518:
10514:
10507:
10506:
10502:
10499:
10498:
10494:
10491:
10490:
10486:
10483:
10482:
10478:
10475:
10474:
10470:
10467:
10466:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10454:
10451:
10450:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10438:
10435:
10434:
10430:
10427:
10426:
10422:
10419:
10418:
10414:
10411:
10410:
10406:
10403:
10402:
10398:
10395:
10394:
10390:
10387:
10386:
10382:
10379:
10378:
10374:
10371:
10370:
10366:
10363:
10360:
10359:
10357:
10351:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10334:Three Witches
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10294:Morgan le Fay
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10236:
10234:
10228:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10170:
10167:
10166:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10139:Kitchen witch
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10093:
10090:
10089:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10068:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10011:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9924:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9911:
9908:
9907:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9887:
9885:
9881:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9849:
9846:
9845:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9820:
9818:
9814:
9806:
9803:
9802:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9790:Latin America
9788:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9735:
9734:
9731:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9722:
9719:
9715:
9714:Witch smeller
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9700:
9697:
9696:
9694:
9690:
9687:
9683:
9679:
9675:
9668:
9663:
9661:
9656:
9654:
9649:
9648:
9645:
9633:
9625:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9614:
9611:
9605:
9604:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9547:
9543:
9533:
9530:
9529:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9475:Anthony Kenny
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9457:
9455:
9447:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9400:Mircea Eliade
9398:
9396:
9393:
9392:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9332:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9283:William James
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9263:Ernst Haeckel
9261:
9260:
9258:
9252:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9187:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9175:Immanuel Kant
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9130:Blaise Pascal
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9117:
9115:
9113:
9109:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9025:
9020:
9016:
9013:
9008:
9001:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8953:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8931:Language game
8929:
8927:
8924:
8923:
8921:
8919:
8915:
8909:
8908:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8721:
8718:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8631:
8627:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8601:Occam's razor
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8552:
8546:
8543:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8446:Consciousness
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8418:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8348:
8342:
8341:Unmoved mover
8339:
8337:
8336:Supreme Being
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8288:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8276:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8233:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8207:
8203:
8196:
8191:
8189:
8184:
8182:
8177:
8176:
8173:
8166:
8165:Samgaldai NGO
8163:
8160:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8139:
8136:
8133:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8067:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8028:
8027:CrossCurrents
8022:
8019:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7998:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7916:
7911:
7908:
7904:
7900:
7896:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7865:Alice Kehoe,
7864:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7728:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7708:
7704:
7699:
7696:
7692:
7687:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7664:: e66, 1â61.
7663:
7659:
7655:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7614:
7610:
7603:
7599:
7598:Noll, Richard
7595:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7557:
7551:
7547:
7542:
7538:
7533:
7529:
7523:
7519:
7514:
7510:
7504:
7499:
7498:
7491:
7487:
7481:
7476:
7475:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7451:
7447:
7442:
7438:
7432:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7408:
7403:
7400:
7396:
7393:
7387:
7381:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7321:
7317:
7312:
7308:
7302:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7222:
7221:
7215:
7211:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7193:
7189:
7183:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7157:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7137:
7122:
7107:
7101:
7094:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7078:
7069:
7060:
7051:
7042:
7033:
7024:
7015:
7006:
6997:
6988:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6960:
6955:
6946:
6937:
6928:
6926:
6916:
6908:
6904:
6901:(3): 445â77.
6900:
6896:
6889:
6880:
6871:
6862:
6853:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6814:
6806:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6788:
6787:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6767:
6762:
6753:
6746:
6741:
6734:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6717:
6712:
6706:
6700:
6698:
6690:
6685:
6676:
6667:
6658:
6649:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6628:
6623:
6614:
6612:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6580:Witzel, 2011.
6577:
6568:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6537:
6535:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6492:
6487:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6430:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6387:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6329:
6325:
6318:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6271:
6263:
6259:
6252:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6225:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6202:(1): 71â101.
6201:
6197:
6190:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6101:
6093:
6087:
6083:
6076:
6067:
6065:
6055:
6046:
6037:
6028:
6019:
6010:
6008:
6000:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5972:
5970:
5954:
5948:
5939:
5930:
5921:
5912:
5903:
5894:
5885:
5876:
5874:
5864:
5862:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5816:
5807:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5772:Halifax, Joan
5767:
5760:
5756:
5751:
5742:
5727:
5721:
5712:
5710:
5690:
5683:
5682:"healthCheck"
5677:
5669:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5650:
5642:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5623:
5614:
5607:
5602:
5594:
5588:
5584:
5577:
5575:
5564:
5555:
5546:
5538:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5516:
5509:
5508:Vitebsky 1996
5504:
5497:
5492:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5443:
5440:Salak, Kira.
5436:
5434:
5426:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5375:
5368:
5353:
5349:
5342:
5326:
5325:Lonely Planet
5322:
5316:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5180:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5128:
5119:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5077:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5054:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4915:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4869:
4864:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4840:pp. 77, 287;
4837:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4776:
4767:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4724:
4719:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4630:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4605:1986, 194:97.
4604:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4563:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4487:: e66: 1â61.
4486:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Spirit spouse
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Folk religion
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Natural magic
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3746:
3745:with his drum
3744:
3740:
3736:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3689:Piaroa people
3685:
3681:
3680:Tucano people
3677:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3602:spirit guides
3599:
3595:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3555:
3552:shaman in an
3551:
3547:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:wrote in his
3263:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3208:spirit guides
3205:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:vision quests
3192:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Folk religion
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:North America
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Latin America
3033:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2862:MihĂĄly HoppĂĄl
2858:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:Mircea Eliade
2819:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2787:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:Mircea Eliade
2758:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2629:
2602:
2601:
2592:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:witch doctors
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:Ronald Hutton
2521:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2390:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2343:
2342:Mircea Eliade
2339:
2336:
2335:Juha Janhunen
2333:
2332:ethnolinguist
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Faith healing
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Bush medicine
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Balneotherapy
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:Controversies
1718:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:Vegetotherapy
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Ozone therapy
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Lymphotherapy
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Hair analysis
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:FasciaBlaster
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Correactology
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Colorpuncture
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Chromotherapy
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
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1214:Alkaline diet
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1187:
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1164:Pseudoscience
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871:Protestantism
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579:
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571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
555:Victor Turner
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Melford Spiro
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:Roy Rappaport
528:
526:
525:Steven Ozment
523:
521:
520:Robert Marett
518:
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508:
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475:Mircea Eliade
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369:Handsome Lake
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68:
67:Olkhon Island
64:
57:
53:
52:
49:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
12239:Urban legend
12141:Magic school
12114:Astral plane
12109:Hollow Earth
11931:
11802:Magic system
11755:Dragonslayer
11650:Skin-walkers
11498:The Inklings
11491:Harry Potter
11490:
11345:
11327:
11320:
11313:
11306:
11299:
11292:
11285:
11223:
11044:Magical girl
11019:High fantasy
11014:Hard fantasy
10980:Dark fantasy
10958:Contemporary
10809:Witch (word)
10758:Witch's mark
10567:Early Modern
10503:
10495:
10487:
10479:
10471:
10465:Daemonologie
10463:
10455:
10447:
10439:
10431:
10423:
10417:Laienspiegel
10415:
10407:
10399:
10391:
10383:
10375:
10367:
10299:Muma PÄdurii
10230:Folklore and
10201:Sator Square
10154:Magic circle
10149:Magic carpet
10109:Crystal ball
10046:Spiritualism
10008:
9870:Witch doctor
9753:Cunning folk
9601:
9420:Martin Lings
9373:Emil Brunner
9363:Paul Tillich
9353:Martin Buber
9268:W K Clifford
9245:Afrikan Spir
9160:Thomas Chubb
9112:Early modern
9092:Adi Shankara
9005:Philosophers
8989:Natural evil
8905:
8885:
8881:Spiritualism
8856:Perennialism
8809:Metaphysical
8653:Antireligion
8528:Teleological
8451:Cosmological
8402:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
8367:Christianity
8326:Personal god
8070:
8064:
8031:
8025:
8001:
7986:
7972:
7965:
7958:Michel Weber
7944:
7930:
7913:
7898:
7883:
7866:
7852:
7828:
7810:
7803:
7789:
7756:(1): 39â61.
7753:
7749:
7722:
7702:
7694:
7661:
7657:
7645:
7636:
7620:. Retrieved
7613:the original
7608:
7587:ethnopoetics
7572:
7561:
7545:
7536:
7517:
7496:
7473:
7463:
7445:
7426:
7406:
7375:
7355:
7335:
7315:
7295:
7282:
7263:
7240:
7219:
7209:
7200:
7176:
7151:
7141:
7121:
7109:. Retrieved
7100:
7092:
7077:
7068:
7059:
7050:
7041:
7032:
7023:
7014:
7005:
6996:
6987:
6978:
6966:
6954:
6945:
6936:
6915:
6898:
6895:Ethnohistory
6894:
6888:
6879:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6827:
6823:
6813:
6785:
6766:HoppĂĄl 2007b
6761:
6752:
6740:
6733:HoppĂĄl 2007c
6716:HoppĂĄl 2007b
6711:
6689:HoppĂĄl 2007c
6684:
6675:
6666:
6657:
6648:
6622:
6602:
6585:
6576:
6567:
6555:. Retrieved
6551:the original
6546:
6521:. Retrieved
6517:the original
6512:
6502:
6486:
6443:
6439:
6429:
6396:
6392:
6386:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6331:. Retrieved
6327:
6317:
6284:
6280:
6270:
6261:
6251:
6234:
6230:
6224:
6199:
6195:
6189:
6162:
6156:
6123:
6119:
6109:
6100:
6081:
6075:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6027:
6018:
5956:. Retrieved
5947:
5938:
5929:
5920:
5911:
5902:
5893:
5884:
5851:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5815:
5806:
5775:
5766:
5750:
5741:
5729:. Retrieved
5720:
5696:. Retrieved
5689:the original
5676:
5656:
5649:
5633:. BookBaby.
5629:
5622:
5613:
5606:HoppĂĄl 2007c
5601:
5582:
5563:
5554:
5545:
5522:: 27, 30, 36
5515:
5510:: 11â14, 107
5503:
5491:
5456:
5450:
5406:
5400:
5373:
5367:
5355:. Retrieved
5352:The Diplomat
5351:
5341:
5329:. Retrieved
5324:
5315:
5298:
5295:Ethnohistory
5294:
5288:
5262:
5256:
5246:September 7,
5244:. Retrieved
5240:
5231:
5221:September 7,
5219:. Retrieved
5215:
5206:
5200:(1): 90â106.
5197:
5193:
5187:
5168:
5162:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5085:
5076:
5067:
5040:. Retrieved
5036:
5026:
5007:
4988:
4966:. Retrieved
4961:
4952:
4933:
4927:
4919:
4914:
4906:the original
4885:the original
4875:
4863:
4843:
4825:
4819:
4797:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4775:
4766:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4734:Adam Brand,
4730:
4718:
4705:
4694:
4685:
4676:
4667:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4597:
4580:
4574:
4562:
4553:
4547:
4538:
4531:. Retrieved
4527:
4517:
4484:
4480:
4413:Soul catcher
4405:
4346:White magick
4290:
4276:
4272:
4256:Variants of
4251:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4208:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4178:hermeneutics
4175:
4171:
4161:
4146:
4120:
4105:
4090:
4075:
4062:Pascal Boyer
4058:superstition
4050:
3890:
3754:
3741:
3724:
3716:
3696:
3673:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3637:Nanai people
3634:
3630:
3615:
3591:
3583:
3577:
3574:Itneg people
3528:
3509:
3497:
3456:
3441:
3438:
3423:
3419:onomatopoeia
3412:
3378:
3297:Soul dualism
3282:
3274:
3272:
3265:
3259:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3201:supernatural
3168:
3106:
3070:Cunning folk
2916:
2897:
2888:
2874:ethnographic
2859:
2855:
2839:hallucinogen
2820:
2816:noble savage
2803:
2797:
2786:Medicine man
2759:
2735:
2566:, a shaman (
2561:
2559:
2553:
2522:
2518:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2451:
2445:
2440:
2428:
2427:in his book
2406:
2340:
2287:
2281:
2254:neoshamanism
2252:
2234:
2226:
2199:spirit world
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2059:Thai massage
2038:
2029:Naftalan oil
1902:Blood stasis
1781:Turbo cancer
1669:ThetaHealing
1594:Osteomyology
1494:Hypnotherapy
1489:Hydrotherapy
1395:Ear candling
1390:Dry needling
1341:Coffee enema
1304:Chiropractic
1269:Bone-setting
1249:Bates method
1234:Aromatherapy
988:Conservative
856:Nestorianism
789:Christianity
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
535:Saba Mahmood
510:Robin Horton
495:James Frazer
465:Mary Douglas
397:
388:
285:Neo-Paganism
261:Case studies
228:Superstition
223:Soul dualism
217:
133:Great Spirit
36:
12166:Epic poetry
12027:Leprechauns
11942:Thaumaturgy
11917:Incantation
11870:Magic sword
11428:MĂ©liĂšs d'Or
11329:Weird Tales
11082:Dying Earth
11061:Mythopoeiaâ
11039:Low fantasy
11004:Fantastique
10516:Persecution
10385:Formicarius
10329:Spearfinger
10269:Elbow witch
10169:Magic sword
10134:Julleuchter
10119:Goofer dust
10061:White magic
9974:Incantation
9900:Black magic
9855:Renaissance
9823:Chaos magic
9795:Middle East
9726:Philippines
9440:Antony Flew
9425:Peter Geach
9358:René Guénon
9305:Lev Shestov
9300:Rudolf Otto
9007:of religion
8846:Panentheism
8779:Inclusivism
8698:Exclusivism
8693:Esotericism
8663:Creationism
8643:Agnosticism
8611:Poor design
8606:Omnipotence
8533:Natural law
8508:Ontological
8461:Contingency
8311:Holy Spirit
8116:Chuonnasuan
7966:Deus Unicus
6959:Eliade 2001
6830:(1): 6â41.
6595:Yahoo! News
5997:: 8â9 (see
5520:HoppĂĄl 2005
5496:Merkur 1985
5357:October 19,
5331:October 19,
4868:Hutton 2001
4794:Russianized
4723:Hutton 2001
4711:Hutton 2001
4618:The Manchus
4567:Hutton 2001
4524:"Shamanism"
4418:Soul flight
4407:Shaman King
4366:Mu (shaman)
4341:Folk healer
4128:grave goods
4093:Paleolithic
3991:Incantation
3916:White magic
3906:Thaumaturgy
3846:Chaos magic
3836:Black magic
3703:soul travel
3448:Chuonnasuan
3257:is common.
3040:Middle East
2865: [
2800:Alice Kehoe
2499:Definitions
2378:Tocharian A
2261:Terminology
2019:Mien Shiang
1937:Moxibustion
1649:Reflexology
1574:Oil pulling
1569:Naturopathy
1509:Jilly Juice
1289:Camel urine
1259:Black salve
1209:Acupuncture
1204:Acupressure
1169:Antiscience
1141:Terminology
915:Vaishnavism
846:Lutheranism
801:Anglicanism
485:René Girard
364:Ghost Dance
243:Transtheism
213:Sacred site
173:Nympholepsy
12282:Categories
12227:Tokusatsuâ
12176:Fairy tale
12119:Dreamworld
12017:Hobgoblins
11952:Witchcraft
11922:Necromancy
11902:Divination
11897:Demonology
11860:Magic ring
11850:Magic item
11833:Ceremonial
11722:Characters
11643:Werewolves
11581:Elementals
11485:Filk music
11433:Mythopoeic
11268:Publishers
11194:Literature
11154:television
11126:Weird West
11066:Omegaverse
10936:Lost world
10907:Literature
10829:Maleficium
10753:Witch-hunt
10557:Witch camp
10216:Witch ball
10159:Magic ring
10144:Love charm
9999:Necromancy
9994:Moon magic
9989:Mediumship
9984:Love magic
9969:Gray magic
9949:Divination
9748:Benandanti
9678:witchcraft
9410:J L Mackie
9368:Karl Barth
9165:David Hume
9087:Maimonides
9072:Heraclitus
8861:Polytheism
8831:Nondualism
8819:Humanistic
8804:Naturalism
8794:Monotheism
8752:Henotheism
8747:Gnosticism
8678:Demonology
8561:747 gambit
8478:Experience
8316:Misotheism
8095:Q116984704
8056:Q116984667
8018:Q116984658
7220:Samanizmus
6181:1026223037
5778:. London:
5715:Nattiez: 5
5392:1007305354
4788:The terms
4450:References
3921:Witchcraft
3881:Necromancy
3871:Invocation
3866:Gray magic
3851:Divination
3794:Background
3676:ecological
3664:jardalanin
3660:jardalanin
3626:psychopomp
3403:See also:
3393:entheogens
3381:axis mundi
3373:See also:
3295:See also:
3240:curanderos
3219:divination
3122:Witch hunt
2943:Witchcraft
2908:otherworld
2900:Indigenous
2829:, trance,
2773:dimensions
2687:North Asia
2675:divination
2433:Adam Brand
2423:-speaking
2222:divination
2205:, such as
2117:Heavy legs
2074:Vietnamese
2054:Sri Lankan
1614:Phrenology
1599:Osteopathy
1589:Orthopathy
1477:Homeopathy
1383:Foot detox
1279:Breathwork
1224:Apitherapy
1179:Scientific
1174:Skepticism
1037:ĆvetÄmbara
673:Böö mörgöl
455:Talal Asad
359:Cargo cult
188:Polytheism
183:Pilgrimage
168:Monotheism
153:Liminality
143:Initiation
138:Henotheism
113:Divination
103:Communitas
65:shaman on
12288:Shamanism
12222:Superhero
12207:Mythology
12104:Lost city
12012:Halflings
11932:Shamanism
11927:Runecraft
11912:Evocation
11770:Magicians
11745:Dark lord
11730:Barbarian
11690:Skeletons
11613:Gargoyles
11591:Familiars
11551:Creatures
11287:Fantastic
11278:Magazines
11121:New weird
10926:Subgenres
10730:Classical
10249:Baba Yaga
10232:mythology
10041:Spiritism
10031:Sex magic
10009:Shamanism
10004:Occultism
9959:Evocation
9954:Entheogen
9932:Damnation
9883:Practices
9510:Loyal Rue
9235:Karl Marx
9057:Gaudapada
8886:Shamanism
8851:Pantheism
8836:Nontheism
8814:Religious
8799:Mysticism
8772:Christian
8762:Religious
8713:Atheistic
8708:Christian
8591:Nonbelief
8576:Free will
8392:Mormonism
8216:Afterlife
8087:0002-7294
8040:0011-1953
7960:, «
7770:144745844
7686:206264885
7585:, on the
6844:0745-5194
6599:archived.
6557:March 28,
6523:March 11,
6478:147706978
6421:147706046
6378:147706563
6309:147706275
6216:162355879
6148:144331213
6140:0886-1099
5483:146752685
5154:145329835
4806:Siberians
4713:. p. vii.
4686:Shamanism
4589:940167815
4509:206264885
4455:Citations
4433:Tlamatini
4182:animistic
4153:knowledge
4116:Laurasian
4097:Neolithic
4081:causality
3961:Mysticism
3891:Shamanism
3886:Sex magic
3856:Evocation
3713:Economics
3707:Sea Woman
3651:shamans.
3618:sacrifice
3610:mediators
3463:archetype
3107:Shamanism
3001:By region
2912:afterlife
2835:entheogen
2750:Samoyedic
2733:in 1552.
2727:conquered
2709:, Ilcha,
2421:Samoyedic
2288:shamanism
2266:Etymology
2183:Shamanism
2039:Shamanism
2024:Mongolian
1999:Kayakalpa
1974:Curandero
1892:Cambodian
1882:Brazilian
1679:Urophagia
1639:Radionics
1544:Mesmerism
1504:Iridology
1032:Digambara
974:YazdĂąnism
954:Quranists
934:Ahmadiyya
920:Ayyavazhi
851:Methodism
816:Calvinism
796:Adventism
777:Vajrayana
762:Theravada
752:Pure Land
634:Religions
307:Bobohizan
218:Shamanism
128:Fetishism
88:Afterlife
18:Shamaness
12267:Category
12161:Allegory
12037:Mermaids
12007:Gremlins
11972:Centaurs
11907:Egregore
11888:Schools
11855:Grimoire
11815:Elements
11787:Wild man
11707:Unicorns
11695:Vampires
11638:Werecats
11480:Fanspeak
11388:Crawford
11358:Podcasts
11071:Romantic
11054:Mythpunk
10985:Grimdark
10973:Bangsian
10763:Pricking
10674:Scotland
10597:Virginia
10587:New York
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10575:Americas
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8725:Thealogy
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8638:Acosmism
8630:Theology
8498:Morality
8493:Miracles
8372:Hinduism
8362:Buddhism
8321:Pandeism
8296:Demiurge
8264:Theodicy
8091:Wikidata
8052:Wikidata
8048:24461237
8014:Wikidata
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7262:(1994).
7111:June 23,
7086:Archived
6972:Flatland
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4798:shamanka
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4569:. p. 32.
4501:28679454
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4112:Gondwana
3934:Religion
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3328:Scarcity
3276:brujerĂa
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2495:nouns).
2493:feminine
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2364:Buddhism
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2201:through
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2009:Japanese
1952:San Jiao
1932:Meridian
1860:Ayurveda
1699:Vitalism
1264:Bodywork
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1100:a series
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910:Smartism
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900:Shaivism
888:Hinduism
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747:Nichiren
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735:Buddhism
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598:Folklore
583:Journals
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302:Babaylan
297:Angakkuq
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12257:Outline
12154:Related
12032:Merfolk
12022:Kobolds
12002:Goblins
11987:Treants
11977:Dwarves
11947:Theurgy
11892:Alchemy
11824:neutral
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11735:Caveman
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