55:
415:
1644:
62:
39:
1657:
475:
343:
region of this drained land did not prove to be well-suited for this purpose, although the wildlife refuge continues to use, maintain, and rebuild many of the ditches, drains, and dikes dug during this period. The
Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1953.
430:
is also under its management, until a permanent staff is hired. The refuge also administers the
Shiawassee Management District which coordinates wetland restorations in 22 counties and oversees conservation easements in 44 counties of lower Michigan.
1716:
479:
2003:
335:
wetland surrounded by low hills. It served as the drainage zone for an area of lower
Michigan that covers approximately ten counties. The region was a treasure-house of the wetland
2008:
339:
industry in the late 19th century. After the old-growth trees had almost all been removed, starting in 1903 farmers tried to ditch and tile-drain the land for arable crops. The
292:
Over 265 species of birds have been documented on the refuge, including raptors, shore and wading birds, and more than 100 songbird species. Shiawassee Refuge is designated as an
612:
1988:
1931:
1896:
1971:
1876:
1836:
1936:
1926:
1921:
1901:
1998:
1851:
1766:
1709:
1966:
1886:
1881:
1756:
1976:
1941:
1846:
1821:
1961:
1911:
1891:
1866:
1856:
1841:
1831:
1816:
1796:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1981:
1956:
1861:
1801:
1781:
1776:
1746:
1736:
1916:
1871:
1811:
1786:
1741:
1946:
1826:
1791:
103:
1993:
1951:
1906:
1806:
1702:
882:
434:
The refuge is authorized to expand its present boundaries by 7,500 acres (30 km) along the
Tittabawassee, Shiawassee, and Cass rivers from willing sellers.
1725:
530:
406:
that utilize the wetland annually. These James Bay geese should be sharply distinguished from the stay-at-home geese that have learned how not to migrate.
296:
for its global significance to migratory waterfowl. It is also one of six focus areas designated by the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Basin Joint
Venture of the
2039:
386:
was mined in the area from the early 20th century to the late 1930s. In 1903, farmers began converting the land for crops and, by 1950, a system of pumps,
54:
2049:
2034:
553:
1661:
1326:
744:
427:
857:
759:
1341:
817:
764:
523:
423:
1682:
1675:
900:
549:
297:
1231:
1036:
852:
561:
483:
185:
154:
1668:
1573:
1568:
1543:
981:
789:
749:
625:
595:
1417:
905:
895:
842:
1648:
1619:
769:
516:
1583:
1553:
1538:
1116:
721:
347:
The area was an attractive hunting and gathering area for many early cultures and later Native
American tribes, like the
1563:
1156:
1056:
890:
1447:
1412:
1407:
1246:
1086:
620:
583:
382:
The Flats received little human impact until the late 19th century, when the lumber industry expanded to this area.
1609:
1442:
1296:
1031:
1021:
991:
1422:
1301:
1286:
1026:
708:
451:
1578:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1432:
774:
698:
678:
28:
2044:
1558:
1525:
1367:
1256:
1186:
1548:
1467:
1437:
1346:
1276:
1151:
936:
928:
812:
807:
209:
1515:
1500:
1495:
1402:
1397:
1382:
1331:
1166:
1016:
648:
539:
189:
1505:
1427:
1372:
1306:
1236:
1131:
1106:
867:
356:
2029:
1533:
1271:
1061:
996:
797:
635:
600:
578:
223:, the refuge lies in the Saginaw Bay watershed, historically one of the largest and most productive
1624:
1387:
1377:
1291:
1251:
1226:
1196:
736:
716:
658:
588:
213:
181:
177:
81:
426:
within Lake Huron and
Saginaw Bay, including Thunder Bay, Scarecrow, and the Charity Islands. The
1694:
1599:
1321:
1316:
1101:
693:
355:. Ducks and geese flocked to this vast area of wetlands and rivers. Mammalian species including
2054:
1281:
1241:
1206:
1091:
1051:
1041:
1006:
919:
726:
331:
extended much farther inland than they do now. When the water receded, it left behind a flat,
235:
1510:
1490:
1392:
1336:
1211:
1076:
1046:
1001:
802:
673:
653:
643:
239:
2059:
1311:
1126:
1011:
986:
976:
837:
402:
by the
American Birding Association because of the genuinely migratory James Bay flocks of
231:
8:
1261:
1221:
1216:
1201:
1176:
1171:
1161:
1121:
1111:
956:
668:
376:
293:
247:
1266:
1181:
1136:
1081:
971:
966:
941:
847:
492:
1191:
1141:
951:
862:
205:
91:
1351:
1146:
1071:
1066:
946:
872:
312:
243:
216:
townships. It was established in 1953 to provide habitat for migratory waterfowl.
1096:
961:
827:
364:
360:
822:
390:, ditches and dikes were in place, making this an extensive agricultural area.
508:
2023:
1614:
754:
570:
387:
372:
251:
118:
105:
688:
683:
663:
403:
348:
304:
832:
500:
414:
328:
197:
164:
1604:
324:
267:
201:
1457:
227:
422:
Shiawassee Refuge is also responsible for managing a portion of the
286:
271:
263:
193:
1724:
311:
are present. A great diversity of other wildlife associated with
282:
224:
352:
336:
274:
38:
278:
383:
332:
308:
246:
in the refuge. Here also the
Shiawassee converges with the
61:
368:
303:
During peak populations in late
October, up to 25,000
452:"National Wildlife Refuges - Acres by State and Unit"
196:, approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of the
418:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge in late spring
2021:
204:and five miles (8 km) south of the city of
538:
1726:National Wildlife Refuges of the United States
188:. It is located in the central portion of the
1710:
524:
501:"Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge website"
493:"Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge profile"
43:One of several open water pools in the refuge
315:and floodplain forests are also found here.
2040:Protected areas of Saginaw County, Michigan
428:Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge
1717:
1703:
760:Kirtlands Warbler Wildlife Management Area
531:
517:
424:Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge
16:Protected area in Michigan, United States
1683:Michigan Department of Natural Resources
901:Saint Helena Island National Scenic Area
413:
398:Shiawassee NWR has been designated as a
298:North American Waterfowl Management Plan
484:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
444:
257:
186:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
2022:
176:is a 9,870.35 acres (39.9439 km)
2050:Landforms of Saginaw County, Michigan
2035:National Wildlife Refuges in Michigan
1698:
906:Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
896:Grand Island National Recreation Area
512:
1656:
1620:Ralph A. MacMullan Conference Center
770:Michigan Wetland Management District
409:
31:IV (habitat/species management area)
174:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge
165:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge
22:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge
13:
891:Father Marquette National Memorial
482:from websites or documents of the
14:
2071:
1655:
1643:
1642:
1610:Michigan Islands Wilderness Area
1327:Watkins Lake and County Preserve
478: This article incorporates
473:
138:9,870.35 acres (39.9439 km)
60:
53:
37:
393:
699:Waterloo State Recreation Area
457:. US Fish and Wildlife Service
155:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1:
659:Haven Hill State Natural Area
554:State game and wildlife areas
437:
281:, as well as shallow managed
69:Location within United States
1037:Fred Meijer White Pine Trail
7:
2004:U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
674:Roscommon Virgin Pine Stand
649:Dukes Research Natural Area
540:Protected areas of Michigan
10:
2076:
858:Sturgeon (Houghton County)
318:
1732:
1637:
1592:
1524:
1481:
1360:
927:
918:
881:
788:
735:
707:
634:
611:
569:
560:
546:
160:
150:
142:
134:
97:
87:
77:
48:
36:
26:
21:
1625:Wagner Falls Scenic Site
1117:Laughing Whitefish Falls
400:U.S. Important Bird Area
262:Refuge habitats include
178:National Wildlife Refuge
82:Saginaw County, Michigan
1600:Agate Falls Scenic Site
853:Sturgeon (Delta County)
694:Warren Woods State Park
1605:Bond Falls Scenic Site
790:Wild and Scenic Rivers
480:public domain material
419:
379:were also found here.
323:In postglacial times,
883:Other Protected Areas
654:Grand Mere State Park
644:Au Sable State Forest
417:
242:Rivers flow into the
219:Known locally as the
192:of the U.S. state of
2045:Wetlands of Michigan
1526:Underwater Preserves
1027:Fort Michilimackinac
550:Important Bird Areas
258:Wildlife and Habitat
2009:U.S. Virgin Islands
1574:Straits of Mackinac
1342:William G. Milliken
1232:Sanilac Petroglyphs
1222:Porcupine Mountains
1057:Hart–Montague Trail
669:Porcupine Mountains
626:Sleeping Bear Dunes
294:Important Bird Area
248:Tittabawassee River
151:Governing body
115: /
1569:Southwest Michigan
1544:Grand Traverse Bay
1257:South Higgins Lake
1187:North Higgins Lake
1022:Fisherman's Island
982:Cambridge Junction
420:
313:freshwater marshes
2017:
2016:
1692:
1691:
1633:
1632:
1287:Thompson's Harbor
1277:Tahquamenon Falls
1152:Meridian-Baseline
937:Albert E. Sleeper
914:
913:
410:Refuge management
230:in Michigan. The
170:
169:
119:43.367°N 84.017°W
92:Saginaw, Michigan
88:Nearest city
2067:
2030:IUCN Category IV
1719:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1361:Recreation Areas
1167:Muskallonge Lake
925:
924:
765:Michigan Islands
737:Wildlife Refuges
604:
592:
567:
566:
533:
526:
519:
510:
509:
504:
496:
477:
476:
467:
466:
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456:
448:
244:Shiawassee River
221:Shiawassee Flats
208:in the county's
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
64:
63:
57:
41:
19:
18:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2013:
1728:
1723:
1693:
1688:
1629:
1588:
1584:Whitefish Point
1554:Manitou Passage
1539:De Tour Passage
1520:
1477:
1423:Metamora-Hadley
1418:Menominee River
1356:
1307:Van Buren Trail
1262:Wm. C. Sterling
1237:Saugatuck Dunes
1132:Mackinac Island
1107:Lakelands Trail
1097:Kal-Haven Trail
1077:P.J. Hoffmaster
910:
877:
784:
731:
703:
630:
607:
598:
586:
556:
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537:
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491:
474:
471:
470:
460:
458:
454:
450:
449:
445:
440:
412:
396:
321:
277:, and emergent
260:
190:lower peninsula
184:managed by the
124:43.367; -84.017
123:
121:
117:
114:
109:
106:
104:
102:
101:
73:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
65:
44:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1989:American Samoa
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1932:South Carolina
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1897:North Carolina
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
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1839:
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1564:Sanilac Shores
1561:
1556:
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1536:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1516:Pere Marquette
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:Escanaba River
1498:
1496:Copper Country
1493:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1473:Yankee Springs
1470:
1465:
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1314:
1309:
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1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:Sturgeon Point
1269:
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1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
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1199:
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1189:
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1134:
1129:
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1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
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1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
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1062:Hartwick Pines
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
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1009:
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999:
997:Coldwater Lake
994:
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979:
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865:
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838:Pere Marquette
835:
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722:Huron–Manistee
719:
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679:Strangmoor Bog
676:
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621:Pictured Rocks
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442:
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411:
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341:Ferguson Bayou
320:
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259:
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182:Saginaw County
168:
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2055:Saginaw River
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2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
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1972:West Virginia
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1877:New Hampshire
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1837:Massachusetts
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1615:Ocqueoc Falls
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1506:Lake Superior
1504:
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1369:
1368:Bald Mountain
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1292:Traverse City
1290:
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1252:Sleepy Hollow
1250:
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1228:
1227:Port Crescent
1225:
1223:
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1218:
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1200:
1198:
1197:Orchard Beach
1195:
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1188:
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1183:
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1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
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29:IUCN category
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20:
1937:South Dakota
1927:Rhode Island
1922:Pennsylvania
1902:North Dakota
1681:
1676:Grand Rapids
1674:
1667:
1660:
1647:
1438:Pontiac Lake
1322:Warren Woods
1317:Warren Dunes
1162:Wm. Mitchell
1102:Lake Gogebic
1032:Fort Wilkins
848:Presque Isle
779:
689:Toumey Woods
684:Tobico Marsh
664:Newton Woods
596:River Raisin
472:
459:. Retrieved
446:
433:
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404:Canada geese
399:
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394:Canada geese
381:
346:
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305:Canada geese
302:
291:
270:/bottomland
261:
250:to form the
220:
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173:
171:
2060:Saginaw Bay
1999:Puerto Rico
1852:Mississippi
1767:Connecticut
1468:W.C. Wetzel
1448:Rifle River
1413:Lime Island
1408:Lake Hudson
1403:Island Lake
1383:Fort Custer
1282:Tawas Point
1247:Silver Lake
1242:Seven Lakes
1207:Otsego Lake
1202:Old Mission
1142:F.J. McLain
1092:Interlochen
1087:Indian Lake
1052:Harrisville
1042:Grand Haven
863:Tahquamenon
601:Battlefield
579:Isle Royale
461:6 September
357:river otter
329:Saginaw Bay
307:and 40,000
198:Saginaw Bay
143:Established
122: /
98:Coordinates
2024:Categories
1967:Washington
1887:New Mexico
1882:New Jersey
1757:California
1579:Thumb Area
1443:Proud Lake
1428:Ortonville
1373:Bass River
1337:Wilderness
1332:J.W. Wells
1297:Twin Lakes
1212:Palms Book
1157:Mill Creek
1072:P.H. Hoeft
1067:W.J. Hayes
1047:Grand Mere
1007:Dodge No.4
1002:Craig Lake
992:Clear Lake
962:Belle Isle
873:Yellow Dog
803:Bear Creek
780:Shiawassee
613:Lakeshores
589:Historical
548:See also:
438:References
377:black bear
325:Lake Huron
268:floodplain
228:ecosystems
202:Lake Huron
1977:Wisconsin
1942:Tennessee
1847:Minnesota
1822:Louisiana
1559:Marquette
1458:Tippy Dam
1312:Van Riper
1302:Van Buren
1127:Ludington
1012:Duck Lake
987:Cheboygan
977:Burt Lake
868:Whitefish
828:Ontonagon
636:Landmarks
287:croplands
210:Spaulding
1962:Virginia
1912:Oklahoma
1892:New York
1867:Nebraska
1857:Missouri
1842:Michigan
1832:Maryland
1817:Kentucky
1797:Illinois
1772:Delaware
1762:Colorado
1752:Arkansas
1649:Category
1549:Keweenaw
1511:Mackinaw
1491:Au Sable
1463:Waterloo
1453:Rockport
1433:Pinckney
1388:Highland
1378:Brighton
1217:Petoskey
1177:Negwegon
1172:Muskegon
1122:Leelanau
1112:Lakeport
957:Bay City
823:Manistee
798:Au Sable
717:Hiawatha
584:Keweenaw
562:National
283:wetlands
272:hardwood
264:riparian
194:Michigan
78:Location
1982:Wyoming
1957:Vermont
1862:Montana
1802:Indiana
1782:Georgia
1777:Florida
1747:Arizona
1737:Alabama
1669:Detroit
1662:Commons
1483:Forests
1267:Straits
1182:Newaygo
1137:Maybury
1082:Holland
1017:Fayette
972:Brimley
967:Bewabic
942:Algonac
709:Forests
319:History
279:marshes
275:forests
225:wetland
206:Saginaw
161:Website
110:84°01′W
107:43°22′N
1917:Oregon
1872:Nevada
1812:Kansas
1787:Hawaii
1742:Alaska
1654:
1641:
1347:Wilson
1192:Onaway
952:Baraga
818:Indian
727:Ottawa
375:, and
365:marten
361:fisher
353:Ojibwa
337:timber
238:, and
1947:Texas
1827:Maine
1792:Idaho
1593:Other
1534:Alger
1398:Ionia
1393:Holly
1352:Young
947:Aloha
929:Parks
920:State
833:Paint
808:Black
775:Seney
755:Huron
571:Parks
455:(PDF)
373:moose
349:Odawa
333:sandy
309:ducks
236:Flint
214:James
1994:Guam
1952:Utah
1907:Ohio
1807:Iowa
843:Pine
813:Carp
552:and
463:2016
384:Coal
351:and
327:and
285:and
240:Cass
212:and
172:The
146:1953
135:Area
369:elk
232:Bad
200:in
180:in
2026::
486:.
371:,
367:,
363:,
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1718:e
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599:(
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587:(
532:e
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465:.
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