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Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge

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region of this drained land did not prove to be well-suited for this purpose, although the wildlife refuge continues to use, maintain, and rebuild many of the ditches, drains, and dikes dug during this period. The Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1953.
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is also under its management, until a permanent staff is hired. The refuge also administers the Shiawassee Management District which coordinates wetland restorations in 22 counties and oversees conservation easements in 44 counties of lower Michigan.
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wetland surrounded by low hills. It served as the drainage zone for an area of lower Michigan that covers approximately ten counties. The region was a treasure-house of the wetland
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industry in the late 19th century. After the old-growth trees had almost all been removed, starting in 1903 farmers tried to ditch and tile-drain the land for arable crops. The
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Over 265 species of birds have been documented on the refuge, including raptors, shore and wading birds, and more than 100 songbird species. Shiawassee Refuge is designated as an
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The refuge is authorized to expand its present boundaries by 7,500 acres (30 km) along the Tittabawassee, Shiawassee, and Cass rivers from willing sellers.
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that utilize the wetland annually. These James Bay geese should be sharply distinguished from the stay-at-home geese that have learned how not to migrate.
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for its global significance to migratory waterfowl. It is also one of six focus areas designated by the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Basin Joint Venture of the
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was mined in the area from the early 20th century to the late 1930s. In 1903, farmers began converting the land for crops and, by 1950, a system of pumps,
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The area was an attractive hunting and gathering area for many early cultures and later Native American tribes, like the
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The Flats received little human impact until the late 19th century, when the lumber industry expanded to this area.
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within Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay, including Thunder Bay, Scarecrow, and the Charity Islands. The
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extended much farther inland than they do now. When the water receded, it left behind a flat,
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by the American Birding Association because of the genuinely migratory James Bay flocks of
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townships. It was established in 1953 to provide habitat for migratory waterfowl.
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Shiawassee Refuge is also responsible for managing a portion of the
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are present. A great diversity of other wildlife associated with
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in the refuge. Here also the Shiawassee converges with the
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During peak populations in late October, up to 25,000
452:"National Wildlife Refuges - Acres by State and Unit" 196:, approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of the 418:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge in late spring 2021: 204:and five miles (8 km) south of the city of 538: 1726:National Wildlife Refuges of the United States 188:. It is located in the central portion of the 1710: 524: 501:"Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge website" 493:"Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge profile" 43:One of several open water pools in the refuge 315:and floodplain forests are also found here. 2040:Protected areas of Saginaw County, Michigan 428:Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge 1717: 1703: 760:Kirtlands Warbler Wildlife Management Area 531: 517: 424:Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge 16:Protected area in Michigan, United States 1683:Michigan Department of Natural Resources 901:Saint Helena Island National Scenic Area 413: 398:Shiawassee NWR has been designated as a 298:North American Waterfowl Management Plan 484:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 444: 257: 186:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2022: 176:is a 9,870.35 acres (39.9439 km) 2050:Landforms of Saginaw County, Michigan 2035:National Wildlife Refuges in Michigan 1698: 906:Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary 896:Grand Island National Recreation Area 512: 1656: 1620:Ralph A. MacMullan Conference Center 770:Michigan Wetland Management District 409: 31:IV (habitat/species management area) 174:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge 165:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge 22:Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge 13: 891:Father Marquette National Memorial 482:from websites or documents of the 14: 2071: 1655: 1643: 1642: 1610:Michigan Islands Wilderness Area 1327:Watkins Lake and County Preserve 478: This article incorporates 473: 138:9,870.35 acres (39.9439 km) 60: 53: 37: 393: 699:Waterloo State Recreation Area 457:. US Fish and Wildlife Service 155:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1: 659:Haven Hill State Natural Area 554:State game and wildlife areas 437: 281:, as well as shallow managed 69:Location within United States 1037:Fred Meijer White Pine Trail 7: 2004:U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 674:Roscommon Virgin Pine Stand 649:Dukes Research Natural Area 540:Protected areas of Michigan 10: 2076: 858:Sturgeon (Houghton County) 318: 1732: 1637: 1592: 1524: 1481: 1360: 927: 918: 881: 788: 735: 707: 634: 611: 569: 560: 546: 160: 150: 142: 134: 97: 87: 77: 48: 36: 26: 21: 1625:Wagner Falls Scenic Site 1117:Laughing Whitefish Falls 400:U.S. Important Bird Area 262:Refuge habitats include 178:National Wildlife Refuge 82:Saginaw County, Michigan 1600:Agate Falls Scenic Site 853:Sturgeon (Delta County) 694:Warren Woods State Park 1605:Bond Falls Scenic Site 790:Wild and Scenic Rivers 480:public domain material 419: 379:were also found here. 323:In postglacial times, 883:Other Protected Areas 654:Grand Mere State Park 644:Au Sable State Forest 417: 242:Rivers flow into the 219:Known locally as the 192:of the U.S. state of 2045:Wetlands of Michigan 1526:Underwater Preserves 1027:Fort Michilimackinac 550:Important Bird Areas 258:Wildlife and Habitat 2009:U.S. Virgin Islands 1574:Straits of Mackinac 1342:William G. Milliken 1232:Sanilac Petroglyphs 1222:Porcupine Mountains 1057:Hart–Montague Trail 669:Porcupine Mountains 626:Sleeping Bear Dunes 294:Important Bird Area 248:Tittabawassee River 151:Governing body 115: /  1569:Southwest Michigan 1544:Grand Traverse Bay 1257:South Higgins Lake 1187:North Higgins Lake 1022:Fisherman's Island 982:Cambridge Junction 420: 313:freshwater marshes 2017: 2016: 1692: 1691: 1633: 1632: 1287:Thompson's Harbor 1277:Tahquamenon Falls 1152:Meridian-Baseline 937:Albert E. Sleeper 914: 913: 410:Refuge management 230:in Michigan. The 170: 169: 119:43.367°N 84.017°W 92:Saginaw, Michigan 88:Nearest city 2067: 2030:IUCN Category IV 1719: 1712: 1705: 1696: 1695: 1659: 1658: 1646: 1645: 1361:Recreation Areas 1167:Muskallonge Lake 925: 924: 765:Michigan Islands 737:Wildlife Refuges 604: 592: 567: 566: 533: 526: 519: 510: 509: 504: 496: 477: 476: 467: 466: 464: 462: 456: 448: 244:Shiawassee River 221:Shiawassee Flats 208:in the county's 130: 129: 127: 126: 125: 120: 116: 113: 112: 111: 108: 64: 63: 57: 41: 19: 18: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2013: 1728: 1723: 1693: 1688: 1629: 1588: 1584:Whitefish Point 1554:Manitou Passage 1539:De Tour Passage 1520: 1477: 1423:Metamora-Hadley 1418:Menominee River 1356: 1307:Van Buren Trail 1262:Wm. C. Sterling 1237:Saugatuck Dunes 1132:Mackinac Island 1107:Lakelands Trail 1097:Kal-Haven Trail 1077:P.J. Hoffmaster 910: 877: 784: 731: 703: 630: 607: 598: 586: 556: 542: 537: 507: 499: 491: 474: 471: 470: 460: 458: 454: 450: 449: 445: 440: 412: 396: 321: 277:, and emergent 260: 190:lower peninsula 184:managed by the 124:43.367; -84.017 123: 121: 117: 114: 109: 106: 104: 102: 101: 73: 72: 71: 70: 67: 66: 65: 44: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2073: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1989:American Samoa 1985: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1932:South Carolina 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1897:North Carolina 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1722: 1721: 1714: 1707: 1699: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1686: 1679: 1672: 1665: 1652: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1587: 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2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1972:West Virginia 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1877:New Hampshire 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1837:Massachusetts 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1650: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1615:Ocqueoc Falls 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1580: 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1197:Orchard Beach 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1147:Charles Mears 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 934: 932: 930: 926: 923: 921: 917: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 886: 884: 880: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 793: 791: 787: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 750:Harbor Island 748: 746: 745:Detroit River 743: 742: 740: 738: 734: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 714: 712: 710: 706: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 639: 637: 633: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 616: 614: 610: 602: 597: 594: 590: 585: 582: 580: 577: 576: 574: 572: 568: 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 545: 541: 534: 529: 527: 522: 520: 515: 514: 511: 502: 498: 494: 490: 489: 487: 485: 481: 453: 447: 443: 435: 432: 429: 425: 416: 407: 405: 401: 391: 389: 388:drainage tile 385: 380: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 316: 314: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 273: 269: 265: 255: 253: 252:Saginaw River 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 226: 222: 217: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 166: 163: 159: 156: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 100: 96: 93: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 56: 47: 40: 35: 30: 29:IUCN category 25: 20: 1937:South Dakota 1927:Rhode Island 1922:Pennsylvania 1902:North Dakota 1681: 1676:Grand Rapids 1674: 1667: 1660: 1647: 1438:Pontiac Lake 1322:Warren Woods 1317:Warren Dunes 1162:Wm. Mitchell 1102:Lake Gogebic 1032:Fort Wilkins 848:Presque Isle 779: 689:Toumey Woods 684:Tobico Marsh 664:Newton Woods 596:River Raisin 472: 459:. Retrieved 446: 433: 421: 404:Canada geese 399: 397: 394:Canada geese 381: 346: 340: 322: 305:Canada geese 302: 291: 270:/bottomland 261: 250:to form the 220: 218: 173: 171: 2060:Saginaw Bay 1999:Puerto Rico 1852:Mississippi 1767:Connecticut 1468:W.C. Wetzel 1448:Rifle River 1413:Lime Island 1408:Lake Hudson 1403:Island Lake 1383:Fort Custer 1282:Tawas Point 1247:Silver Lake 1242:Seven Lakes 1207:Otsego Lake 1202:Old Mission 1142:F.J. McLain 1092:Interlochen 1087:Indian Lake 1052:Harrisville 1042:Grand Haven 863:Tahquamenon 601:Battlefield 579:Isle Royale 461:6 September 357:river otter 329:Saginaw Bay 307:and 40,000 198:Saginaw Bay 143:Established 122: / 98:Coordinates 2024:Categories 1967:Washington 1887:New Mexico 1882:New Jersey 1757:California 1579:Thumb Area 1443:Proud Lake 1428:Ortonville 1373:Bass River 1337:Wilderness 1332:J.W. Wells 1297:Twin Lakes 1212:Palms Book 1157:Mill Creek 1072:P.H. Hoeft 1067:W.J. Hayes 1047:Grand Mere 1007:Dodge No.4 1002:Craig Lake 992:Clear Lake 962:Belle Isle 873:Yellow Dog 803:Bear Creek 780:Shiawassee 613:Lakeshores 589:Historical 548:See also: 438:References 377:black bear 325:Lake Huron 268:floodplain 228:ecosystems 202:Lake Huron 1977:Wisconsin 1942:Tennessee 1847:Minnesota 1822:Louisiana 1559:Marquette 1458:Tippy Dam 1312:Van Riper 1302:Van Buren 1127:Ludington 1012:Duck Lake 987:Cheboygan 977:Burt Lake 868:Whitefish 828:Ontonagon 636:Landmarks 287:croplands 210:Spaulding 1962:Virginia 1912:Oklahoma 1892:New York 1867:Nebraska 1857:Missouri 1842:Michigan 1832:Maryland 1817:Kentucky 1797:Illinois 1772:Delaware 1762:Colorado 1752:Arkansas 1649:Category 1549:Keweenaw 1511:Mackinaw 1491:Au Sable 1463:Waterloo 1453:Rockport 1433:Pinckney 1388:Highland 1378:Brighton 1217:Petoskey 1177:Negwegon 1172:Muskegon 1122:Leelanau 1112:Lakeport 957:Bay City 823:Manistee 798:Au Sable 717:Hiawatha 584:Keweenaw 562:National 283:wetlands 272:hardwood 264:riparian 194:Michigan 78:Location 1982:Wyoming 1957:Vermont 1862:Montana 1802:Indiana 1782:Georgia 1777:Florida 1747:Arizona 1737:Alabama 1669:Detroit 1662:Commons 1483:Forests 1267:Straits 1182:Newaygo 1137:Maybury 1082:Holland 1017:Fayette 972:Brimley 967:Bewabic 942:Algonac 709:Forests 319:History 279:marshes 275:forests 225:wetland 206:Saginaw 161:Website 110:84°01′W 107:43°22′N 1917:Oregon 1872:Nevada 1812:Kansas 1787:Hawaii 1742:Alaska 1654:  1641:  1347:Wilson 1192:Onaway 952:Baraga 818:Indian 727:Ottawa 375:, and 365:marten 361:fisher 353:Ojibwa 337:timber 238:, and 1947:Texas 1827:Maine 1792:Idaho 1593:Other 1534:Alger 1398:Ionia 1393:Holly 1352:Young 947:Aloha 929:Parks 920:State 833:Paint 808:Black 775:Seney 755:Huron 571:Parks 455:(PDF) 373:moose 349:Odawa 333:sandy 309:ducks 236:Flint 214:James 1994:Guam 1952:Utah 1907:Ohio 1807:Iowa 843:Pine 813:Carp 552:and 463:2016 384:Coal 351:and 327:and 285:and 240:Cass 212:and 172:The 146:1953 135:Area 369:elk 232:Bad 200:in 180:in 2026:: 486:. 371:, 367:, 363:, 359:, 300:. 289:. 266:, 254:. 234:, 1718:e 1711:t 1704:v 603:) 599:( 591:) 587:( 532:e 525:t 518:v 503:. 495:. 465:.

Index

IUCN category

Map showing the location of Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge
Saginaw County, Michigan
Saginaw, Michigan
43°22′N 84°01′W / 43.367°N 84.017°W / 43.367; -84.017
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge
National Wildlife Refuge
Saginaw County
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
lower peninsula
Michigan
Saginaw Bay
Lake Huron
Saginaw
Spaulding
James
wetland
ecosystems
Bad
Flint
Cass
Shiawassee River
Tittabawassee River
Saginaw River
riparian
floodplain
hardwood
forests

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