186:
567:
Algonquian songs, chants, and drum rituals, they travel throughout the
Northeast performing at powwows and drum contests. The Cultural Enrichment Program is a sharing and learning process that the community has engaged in to ensure that the ideals and traditions of their ancestors are passed down through the generations. It involves sharing knowledge of food, clothing, arts, crafts, dance, ceremonies, and language.
422:
130:
381:
powerful New York investors conspired to break the lease by sending the state
Legislature a fraudulent petition supporting the sale, which was purported to be from a number of Shinnecock tribal members. Although other tribal members immediately protested that the petition was a forgery, the Legislature approved the sale of 3,500 acres (14 km) of tribal land.
289:. In 1658 a smallpox epidemic caused the deaths of nearly two-thirds of the Indians on the island. In addition, their communities were disrupted by land encroachment by Dutch and later English colonists; they had to shift from hunting and fishing to horticulture. By 1741, estimates are that only 400 Native Americans in total survived.
471:
England. So valued were the Indian fisherman that in 1708 the governor made a law stating, “Indians under indenture to whaling companies could not be arrested, molested, or detained in any way from
November first to April fifteenth”. This version of whale fishing continued with Indian contract labor until at least 1746.
380:
The tribe's lawsuit challenged the state legislature's approval of an 1859 sale of the 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of tribal land to non-native persons. This broke the terms of a 1,000-year-lease signed in 1703 by
Southampton colonial officials and the tribe. The suit charges that in 1859, a group of
389:
In 2007 the tribe proposed building a gaming casino to generate revenues for welfare and education, but it has not proceeded to development. In negotiations with the state and local government, the Nation agrees a location out of the
Hamptons area would be better for the environment. If they develop
308:
developed tribal systems to deal with external forces; the
Shinnecock depended on their trustees to manage some relations with local farmers in the 18th century, and with other jurisdictions in contemporary times. For more than two centuries, the trustees have managed the tribe's land and resources.
508:
The Long Island
Indians are generally thought to be the largest producers of wampum in the colonial era with much of it being paid as tribute to larger or more powerful tribes. As wampum manufacturing grew during the 1600s, it became an official currency of the colonies until the early 18th century
466:
in the United States is thought to have begun in the 1650s with a series of contracts between
Southampton resident English settlers John Ogden, John Cooper and the Shinnecock Indians.The English settlers were primarily farmers at that time with very little experience on the seas. The Indians had an
193:
The
Shinnecock were among the thirteen Indian bands loosely based on kinship on Long Island, which were named by their geographic locations, but the people were highly decentralized. The most common pattern of indigenous life on Long Island prior to their economic and cultural destruction - and, on
470:
The skill of the hunters had a direct impact on the number of whales harvested in a season, as a result, Shinnecock men were often contracted by the whaling companies months in advance and for years at a time. This arrangement was wildly successful, and the whale fishery was soon seen all over New
1709:
Stone, Gaynell, ed. The
Shinnecock Indians: A Culture History, 1983, Suffolk County Archaeological Association, Stony Brook, New York. Strong, John A. The Algonquian Peoples of Long Island From Earliest Times to 1700. Empire State Press, 1997. Strong, John A. Shinnecock and Montauk Whalemen, The
218:
on Long Island. As is the case with many North Eastern tribes after the establishment of reservations, the Shinnecock language was not allowed to be spoken in schools and its use was highly frowned upon off the reservation. This caused a decline in the number of people who spoke the language, the
324:
gave them some land on their reservation. (By the mid-19th century the Shinnecock and Brothertown migrated to Wisconsin, pushed out of New York.) On Long Island, some Shinnecock intermarried with local colonists and enslaved Africans, who worked on farms and as craftsmen. They often reared their
566:
In 1972 the Shinnecock Native American Cultural Coalition (SNACC) was formed to establish a Native American arts and crafts program. Traditional dancing, beadwork, Native American crafts, and music are studied. A group called The Youngblood Singers was formed. Dedicated to learning traditional
575:
In 2019 a documentary film entitled "Conscience Point" was released and shown on WNET in New York City and other PBS stations. It documents the struggle for land rights and protection of Shinnecock ancestral burials over a five-year period and features Shinnecock activist Becky Hill-Genia.
474:
The whaling industry declined sharply in the mid-1700s. Whales were no longer found near shore in their former abundance. The hunt for whales went worldwide, and the Shinnecock were still very valued within the industry well into the 1800s. On April 18, 1845 aboard the whaling vessel the
405:. The Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs, George T. Skibine issued the final determination of the tribe's recognized status on June 13, 2010. The first Secretary of the Interior to visit the Shinnecock Indian Reservation was
445:
church. The reservation is three miles (5 km) west of the village of Southampton, New York. In 1903, it had a population of 150. In 2012 the Shinnecock Nation numbered more than 1,400 people, with more than half residing on the reservation.
1287:
1645:
246:), shell beads strung onto threads that were used as currency, for record-keeping, for aesthetic purposes, and to symbolize a family. These shell beads have been found at Native American-inhabited sites as far west as the
234:
social system with their people also located in a territory that extended through the mid-Atlantic area, from western Connecticut, the lower Hudson River Valley, through present-day New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania.
401:, also known as Chief Eagle Eye was a proponent of Shinnecock sovereignty. The Shinnecock were recognized by the United States government in October 2010 after a more than 30-year effort, which included suing the
336:
and other local ports. It was said that not a ship left Eastern Long Island without at least 1 Shinnecock male on board. In December 1876, ten Shinnecock men died while trying to save a ship stranded off
1131:
341:. The tribe is famous in local lore for such heroic efforts. At the start of the 20th century, the Shinnecock were described as "daring seamen," and "furnishin efficient recruits to the
501:
official Isaack de Rasieres. He described Long Island as, "three to four leagues broad, and it has several creeks and bays, where many savages dwell, who support themselves by planting
1656:
704:
254:, the Indians of Long Island are reputed to have made the best. Paumanok, one of the many names given to Long Island, means "land of tribute". The tribe was subject to raids by the
1153:
328:
The Shinnecock were at home on the water, long being fishermen and sailors around the island. Through the 19th century, Shinnecock men worked as fishermen and sailors on the
390:
a site in partnership with the state, they could build a Class III gaming casino, which is more lucrative than the Class II they would qualify for on their reservation.
1785:
1760:
194:
occasion, actual enslavement - by the Europeans was the autonomous village linked by kinship to its neighbors. They were related and politically subject to the
1018:
292:
In 1641, English colonists signed a lease with the Shinnecock Indians. In 1703, this was ratified to include more land for English colonists. In 1792, the
1072:
1765:
1614:
1465:
1106:
749:
1770:
676:
621:
903:
520:
The Shinnecock and neighboring Long Island tribes were keen to secure their access to the resource through treaties. In 1648, the Shinnecock,
801:
438:
The Shinnecock Indian Reservation is a self-governing reservation. By 1859, the current borders of 800 acres (3.2 km) were established.
1157:
696:
1370:
731:
1041:
1265:
843:
300:. The law also established annual elections for three tribal trustees, which have continued from 1792 to the present. The Shinnecock,
281:
Native American populations on Long Island declined dramatically after European colonization due mostly to vulnerability to the new
402:
258:
and other New England tribes to control this valuable trade commodity. The Europeans quickly learned the value of the Shinnecock
467:
expertise at both seamanship and whale hunting which were necessary to commercialize the industry, known as "the whale design".
1790:
1795:
951:
413:, the Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs. One of the purposes of the visit was to highlight renewable energy initiatives.
158:
1457:
513:
of the time. The need for wampum was so great that the Shinnecock and other Long Island Indians were included in the 1664
1487:
1211:
353:
In 1994, women gained the right to vote on tribal issues. The 1972 tribal leadership restructuring did not include this.
1302:
1698:. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 145. Washington DC.: Government Printing Office, 1952.
1680:
1755:
1567:
342:
17:
481:, a Shinnecock Indian named Eleazar became the first Native American to enter into Japanese territory, anchoring in
219:
tribe is actively engaged in language renewal programs to secure the legacy of the language for future generations.
441:
The reservation has a museum, shellfish hatchery, education center, cultural and community center, playground, and
1583:
1000:
536:. The treaty states, "(the tribes) reserve libertie to fish in all convenient places, for Shells to make wampum".
1231:
1193:
642:
1622:
1775:
1401:
873:
533:
338:
583:
is a large clam harvesting tool created in the mid-1800s. It also goes by the name of a "Shinnecock rake".
463:
426:
366:
174:
558:
as one of the ten great powwows held in the United States. In 2008, the powwow attracted 50,000 visitors.
1780:
1099:
373:
for damages suffered by colonial land grabs. The disputed property is worth $ 1 billion and includes the
374:
313:
150:
619:"Skibine Issues a Final Determination to Acknowledge the Shinnecock Indian Nation of Long Island, NY.
618:
673:
1735:
895:
793:
230:
family, these Lenape spoke a Delaware-Munsee dialect, one of three of their people. They shared a
166:
97:
1725:
757:
271:
211:
81:
1378:
728:
449:
In 2024, Lisa Goree became the first woman chair of the Shinnecock Nation Council of Trustees.
433:
305:
170:
497:. In the early 1600s, the first recorded European reference of Long Island Indians comes from
1049:
827:
476:
1261:
593:
227:
1132:"U.S. Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell Visits Shinnecock Reservation - Dan's Papers"
185:
8:
697:"This Native American tribe on Long Island is trying to raise its language from the dead"
317:
282:
199:
117:
1432:
1005:
370:
286:
275:
154:
121:
1563:
1314:
1189:
1010:
959:
835:
545:
514:
410:
293:
207:
169:, on the southeastern shore. Since the mid-19th century, the tribe's landbase is the
498:
398:
138:
73:
1646:"Quahogs in Eastern North America: Part I, Biology, Ecology, and Historical Uses"
1518:"Shinnecock Powwow recommended by USA TODAY as One of America's Great 10 Powwows"
1215:
1183:
926:
735:
680:
625:
247:
1426:
794:"U.S. Recognizes an Indian Tribe on Long Island, Clearing the Way for a Casino"
77:
1543:
Albanese, Laura (August 31, 2008). "Shinnecock Powwow draws 50,000 visitors".
1495:
1208:
250:, showing their value in a trade. Although other New England tribes produced
1749:
1318:
1014:
963:
839:
377:, which Shinnecock say is the location of traditional tribal burial grounds.
321:
177:. Their name roughly translates into English as "people of the stony shore".
56:
1644:
MacKenzie, Clyde; Taylor, David; Arnold, William; Wakida-Kusunoki, Armando.
579:
Evidence of Shinnecock influence on the industry can still be seen today. A
552:, based on ceremonies beginning in 1912. The Shinnecock Powwow is ranked by
580:
442:
406:
93:
1239:
517:
of Fort Albany as a means to secure unrestricted wampum from the Indians.
640:
297:
226:(Delaware), such as the Matinecock and Patchogue. Also part of the large
203:
162:
134:
60:
674:
John Strong, "The Thirteen Tribes of Long Island: The History of a Myth"
1591:
1341:
America's Early Whalemen, Indian Shore Whalers on Long Island 1650-1750
952:"First Female Leader in Centuries Returns a Tribal Nation to Its Roots"
521:
362:
333:
301:
267:
215:
109:
1288:"Lisa Goree Sworn In as New Chair of Shinnecock Nation Tribal Council"
1001:"Why a Hamptons Highway Is a Battleground Over Native American Rights"
925:
Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore (1906).
865:
505:
and making sewan (wampum) and who are called… Sinnecox (Shinnecock)."
554:
510:
482:
231:
1073:"Avery Dennis Sr., ex-Shinnecock Indian Nation trustee, dead at 86"
365:
against New York seeking the return of 3,500 acres (14 km) in
263:
27:
Federally-recognized Native American tribe of Long Island, New York
1719:
238:
Like the other Native peoples of Long Island, the Shinnecock made
369:
located near the tribe's reservation, and billions of dollars in
329:
133:
The handwritten caption says "The last of the Shinnecock Indians
1643:
1356:
The Colonial Laws of New York From 1664 to the Revolution Vol. 1
325:
children as Shinnecock, maintaining their identity and culture.
309:
In the fall of 2010, the Shinnecock gained federal recognition.
1077:
549:
529:
525:
494:
255:
243:
223:
195:
113:
988:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. p. 215.
597:, a fellow 828er is a member of the Shinnecock Indian Nation.
421:
1560:
We Are Still Here! The Algonquin Peoples of Long Island Today
502:
931:. Vol. 18. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 88
129:
1517:
296:
passed a law reorganizing the Shinnecock Indian Tribe as a
274:
in Boston in the 1640s to translate the first parts of the
1188:. Stony Brook: Suffolk County Archaeological Association.
210:. The Shinnecock are believed to have spoken a dialect of
896:"Our Amazing History: The Circassian Shipwreck of 1876"
1615:"'Conscience Point': Solid doc about LI culture clash"
1343:. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. p. 57.
316:, a number of Shinnecock left Long Island to join the
1705:. Washington, DC.: Government Printing Press, 1910.
1681:
Manifest Season 4: Cast and new characters revealed
1368:
222:The bands in the western part of Long Island were
202:, the more powerful Algonquian tribes of southern
629:Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs.
1786:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
1761:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1747:
1722:Official Website of the Shinnecock Indian Nation
1406:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 103
1358:. New York: Lawbook Exchange. pp. 610, 887.
493:The Shinnecock Indians are very closely tied to
173:within the geographic boundaries of the Town of
924:
821:
819:
641:Dartmouth College Library Digital Collections.
266:, a Montaukett/Shinnecock captured during the
1431:(2nd ed.). Albany, NY: Munsell. p.
1403:Original Narratives of Early American History
1218:, Parrish Art Museum. (accessed 12 July 2010)
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
747:
647:Dartmouth College Library Digital Collections
1710:Long Island Historical Journal, 2(1) 29-40.
1458:"Treaty with the Indians at Albany, NY 1664"
816:
509:and it was the primary currency used in the
1488:"The original Indian deed for East-Hampton"
1399:
285:carried by colonists, to which they had no
189:The Shinnecock and neighboring tribal bands
165:, New York. This tribe is headquartered in
1766:Native American tribes in New York (state)
1303:"Indian Whalers on Long Island, 1669-1746"
1185:The Shinnecock Indians: A Cultural History
1154:"Shinnecock launches solar-energy program"
1070:
772:
724:
722:
1226:
1224:
998:
949:
409:, who visited in 2015. She was joined by
1542:
1424:
669:
667:
665:
663:
532:tribes sold land which would become the
420:
184:
128:
1353:
1177:
1175:
1064:
983:
719:
14:
1748:
1612:
1557:
1338:
1300:
1221:
1071:Harrington, Mark (September 8, 2015).
1039:
1021:from the original on December 14, 2023
804:from the original on November 16, 2023
393:
356:
1455:
1262:"Shinnecock Tribe | Access Genealogy"
1181:
1112:from the original on January 30, 2024
1040:Landes, Jennifer (October 18, 2007).
906:from the original on January 30, 2024
858:
791:
729:"American Indians of Long Island, NY"
707:from the original on January 30, 2024
660:
613:
611:
609:
570:
561:
1172:
876:from the original on October 2, 2023
825:
748:The Statesman (September 17, 2006).
631:15 June 2010 (accessed 12 July 2010)
548:since 1946, the reservation hosts a
51:Regions with significant populations
1736:"U.S. Recognizes Long Island Tribe"
1613:Guzman, Rafer (November 15, 2019).
1468:from the original on April 24, 2023
1268:from the original on March 25, 2023
928:The New International Encyclopaedia
846:from the original on March 25, 2023
384:
278:, before returning to Long Island.
24:
1730:Handbook of North American Indians
1703:Handbook of North American Indians
1696:The Indian Tribes of North America
1562:. Interlaken: Heart of the Lakes.
950:Kilgannon, Corey (June 10, 2024).
738:, Richmond Hill Historical Society
606:
25:
1807:
1771:African–Native American relations
1713:
1456:Estes, Roberta (March 17, 2013).
999:Kilgannon, Corey (May 27, 2019).
348:
343:United States Life Saving Service
214:, similar to their neighbors the
826:Levy, Ariel (December 5, 2010).
1674:
1637:
1606:
1576:
1551:
1536:
1510:
1480:
1449:
1418:
1393:
1362:
1347:
1332:
1294:
1280:
1254:
1209:"Shinnecock Indian Reservation"
1202:
1146:
1124:
1092:
1033:
992:
977:
943:
918:
888:
320:in western New York, where the
262:in a trade with other tribes.
1100:"Shinnecock Nation recognized"
792:Hakim, Danny (June 15, 2010).
741:
689:
634:
534:Town of East Hampton, New York
425:Cultural Center and Museum in
416:
13:
1:
1791:East Hampton (town), New York
1688:
1796:Southampton (town), New York
1400:de Rasieres, Isaack (1909).
1182:Stone, Gaynell, ed. (1983).
161:based at the eastern end of
7:
1307:Long Island History Journal
750:"Paumanok: Land of Tribute"
361:In 2005 the nation filed a
10:
1812:
1232:"Shinnecock Indian Nation"
685:Hudson River Valley Review
586:
457:
452:
431:
375:Shinnecock Hills Golf Club
314:American Revolutionary War
180:
151:federally recognized tribe
1425:Woodward, Ashbel (1880).
1354:Lincoln, Charles (2006).
539:
488:
108:
103:
92:
87:
72:
67:
55:
50:
45:
40:
1756:Shinnecock Indian Nation
1558:Strong, John A. (1998).
1369:Sag Harbor Partnership.
1339:Strong, John A. (2018).
1301:Strong, John A. (2016).
1236:www.shinnecocknation.org
600:
147:Shinnecock Indian Nation
36:Shinnecock Indian Nation
1462:Native Heritage Project
1042:"Tribe Bids for Casino"
984:Goddard, David (2011).
1375:Sag Harbor Partnership
986:Colonizing Southampton
591:In the Netflix series
434:Shinnecock Reservation
429:
403:Department of Interior
212:Mohegan-Pequot-Montauk
190:
171:Shinnecock Reservation
142:
46:1,292 enrolled members
1732:, on Access Genealogy
1046:The East Hampton Star
424:
270:in 1637, worked with
188:
132:
104:Related ethnic groups
1776:Algonquian ethnonyms
1701:Hodge, Frederick W.
1371:"Working Sag Harbor"
228:Algonquian languages
1740:The New York Times,
760:on January 30, 2024
394:Federal recognition
357:Land claims dispute
318:Brothertown Indians
283:infectious diseases
122:Eastern Algonquians
98:Traditional beliefs
37:
1781:Algonquian peoples
1662:on January 7, 2019
1584:"Conscience Point"
1381:on January 7, 2019
1242:on August 13, 2018
1214:2011-10-09 at the
1006:The New York Times
956:The New York Times
900:www.danspapers.com
798:The New York Times
734:2013-05-15 at the
701:The World from PRX
679:2019-02-14 at the
643:"Shinnecock Tribe"
624:2010-12-05 at the
571:In popular culture
562:Cultural Coalition
430:
276:Eliot Indian Bible
191:
143:
35:
1720:Shinnecock Nation
1694:Swanton, John R.
1290:. April 10, 2024.
1134:. October 1, 2015
1052:on March 19, 2008
902:. June 29, 2021.
546:Labor Day Weekend
515:free trade treaty
411:Kevin K. Washburn
345:" (Coast Guard).
294:state of New York
208:Long Island Sound
127:
126:
18:Shinnecock people
16:(Redirected from
1803:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1655:. Archived from
1650:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1621:. Archived from
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1594:on July 11, 2023
1590:. Archived from
1588:Conscience Point
1580:
1574:
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1555:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1534:
1533:
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1529:
1514:
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1494:. Archived from
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1439:
1422:
1416:
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1377:. Archived from
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1264:. July 9, 2011.
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1238:. Archived from
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1156:. Archived from
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866:"Metoac History"
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855:
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851:
823:
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813:
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809:
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756:. Archived from
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693:
687:
671:
658:
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655:
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638:
632:
617:Darling, Nedra.
615:
399:Avery Dennis Sr.
385:Casino proposals
159:Native Americans
153:of historically
41:Total population
38:
34:
21:
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1498:on June 5, 2023
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1216:Wayback Machine
1207:
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427:Southampton
417:Reservation
371:reparations
367:Southampton
298:trusteeship
204:New England
175:Southampton
163:Long Island
61:Long Island
1750:Categories
1689:References
1666:January 7,
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1438:January 7,
1410:January 6,
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1324:January 6,
1195:0536042063
1084:October 3,
652:January 7,
363:land claim
334:Sag Harbor
312:After the
272:John Eliot
268:Pequot War
260:wampumpeag
252:wampumpeag
240:wampumpeag
216:Montaukett
157:-speaking
155:Algonquian
110:Montaukett
1653:Extension
1522:USA TODAY
1319:0898-7084
1015:0362-4331
964:0362-4331
840:0028-792X
581:bull rake
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511:fur trade
483:Tokyo Bay
478:Manhattan
306:Unkechaug
232:longhouse
68:Languages
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594:Manifest
530:Corchaug
287:immunity
264:Cockenoe
88:Religion
78:formerly
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1444:wampum.
1025:May 29,
587:Fiction
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458:Whaling
453:Culture
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206:across
181:History
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114:Pequot
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149:is a
141:1884"
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