2710:
siblings' conflict and lets them work it out between themselves without outside guidance. In some cases, this technique is chosen to avoid situations in which the parent decides which sibling is in the right and may favor one sibling over the other, however, by following this technique the parent may sacrifice the opportunity to instruct their children on how to deal with conflict. Child-centered parental interventions include techniques in which the parent mediates the argument between the two children and helps them come to an agreement. Using this technique, parents may help model how the children can deal with conflicts in the future; however, parents should avoid dictating the outcome to the children, and make sure that they are mediating the argument making suggestions, allowing the children to decide the outcome. This may be especially important when some of the children have autism. Techniques in which parents encourage physical aggression between siblings may be chosen by the parents to help children deal with aggression in the future, however, this technique does not appear to be effective as it is linked to greater conflict levels between children. Parental non-intervention is also linked to higher levels of sibling conflict, and lower levels of sibling warmth. It appears that child-centered parental interventions have the best effect on sibling's relationship with a link to greater levels of sibling warmth and lower levels of sibling conflict.
3032:
are no records at all of the word for the next 500 years, although its derivational base sib remained in use throughout those years. It was in fact the term sib which, when employed specifically in the fields of anthropology and genetics, gave rise to the readoption of sibling. Sibling, in the narrower modern sense of describing the relationship between two people sharing a common parent, filled a semantic gap in the
English lexicon, as there previously was no term to describe the fraternal relationship that did not specify gender. It is clear from early uses of sibling in the 20th century that the writer did not expect the reader to be familiar with the word, as the translator's note from a German eugenics book, Human Heredity explains, 'The word "sib" or "sibling" is coming into use in genetics in the English-speaking world, as an equivalent of the convenient German term "Geschwister" and as a general name for all children born of the same parents, that is to say, to denote brothers and sisters without distinction of sex.' (Baur 1931: 508 in sibling, OED). Likewise, an article in the journal Biometrika from 1903 contains the clarification, '"siblings"=brothers or sisters,' when employing the term. Thus we observe an interesting phenomenon of a native English word being reintroduced to native English speakers, who clearly have no knowledge of it.
2472:
2736:
children's birth order. The experiment was conducted using phone interviews, in which the experimenters would ask the children about the activities they performed throughout their day outside of school. The experimenters found that in the homes where there were mixed gender kids, and the father held traditional values, the kids also held traditional values and therefore also played gender based roles in the home. In contrast, in homes where the father did not hold traditional values, the house chores were divided more equally among his kids. However, if fathers had two male children, the younger male tended to help more with household chores, but as he reached his teenage years the younger child stopped being as helpful around the house. However, education may be a
2499:
they have a sophisticated grasp of family rules and can evaluate themselves in relation to their siblings. Sibling rivalry often continues throughout childhood and can be very frustrating and stressful to parents. One study found that the age group 10–15 reported the highest level of competition between siblings. Sibling rivalry can continue into adulthood and sibling relationships can change dramatically over the years. Approximately one-third of adults describe their relationship with siblings as rivalrous or distant. However, rivalry often lessens over time and at least 80% of siblings over age 60 enjoy close ties.
2133:
2147:
2260:
also depends greatly and varies greatly on family context. Family size, sibling identification, age gap, modeling, parenting techniques, gender, class, race, and temperament are all confounding variables that can influence behaviour and therefore perceived behaviour of specific birth categories. The research on birth order does have stronger correlations, however, in areas such as intelligence and physical features, but are likely caused by other factors other than the actual position of birth. Some research has found that firstborn children have slightly higher
2640:
their younger sibling due to their understanding of the necessary relationship between the parent and younger sibling. Older children are also better at self-regulating their emotions and are less dependent on their caregivers for external regulation as opposed to their younger siblings. Younger siblings' feelings of jealousy are overpowered by feelings of anger. The quality of the relationship between the younger child and the older child is also a factor in jealousy, as the better the relationship the less jealous feelings occurred and vice versa.
2410:
2422:
705:
2349:
761:
2675:
814:
35:
2649:
not uncommon to see siblings who think that their sibling is favored by their teachers, peers, or especially their parents. In fact it is not uncommon to see siblings who both think that their parents favor the other sibling. Perceived inequalities in the division of resources such as who got a larger dessert also fall into this category of conflict. This form of conflict seems to be more prevalent in the younger sibling.
4732:
2576:: 60% of children fall into this category. These children closely watch their parents interact with their newborn sibling, approach them positively and sometimes join the interaction. They show fewer behaviour problems in the months following the new birth and do not display problematic behaviours during the parent-infant interaction. These children are considered
1872:
it, and these two concepts are different. Consanguinity decreases by half for every generation of reproductive separation through their most recent common ancestor. Siblings are 50% related by consanguinity as they are separated from each other by two generation (sibling to parent to sibling), and they share two parents as common ancestors (
2612:
involved in good marital communication help their children cope adaptively with jealousy. They do this by modelling problem-solving and conflict resolution for their children. Children are also less likely to have jealous feelings when they live in a home in which everyone in the family shares and expresses love and happiness.
2178:. For example, firstborns are seen as conservative and high-achieving, middle children as natural mediators, and youngest children as charming and outgoing. Despite its lasting presence in the public domain, studies have failed to consistently produce clear, valid, compelling findings; therefore, it has earned the title of a
2563:, and anxiety. Jealousy occurs in a social triangle of relationships which do not require a third person. The social triangle involves the relationships between the jealous individual and the parent, the relationship between the parent and the rival, and the relationship between jealous individual and the rival.
2682:
The saying that people "fight like siblings" shows just how charged sibling conflict can be and how well recognized sibling squabbles are. In spite of how widely acknowledged these squabbles can be, sibling conflict can have several impacts on the sibling pair. It has been shown that increased levels
2639:
Older children tend to be less jealous than their younger sibling. This is due to their ability to mentally process the social situation in a way that gives them more positive, empathetic feelings toward their younger sibling. Older children are better able to cope with their jealous feelings toward
2620:
Implicit theories about relationships are associated with the ways children think of strategies to deal with a new situation. Children can fall into two categories of implicit theorizing. They may be malleable theorists and believe that they can affect change on situations and people. Alternatively,
2322:
was published. In this book, Sulloway argues that firstborns are more conscientious, more socially dominant, less agreeable, and less open to new ideas compared to later-borns. While being seemingly empirical and academic, as many studies are cited throughout the book, it is still often criticized as
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on average than later born children. However, other research finds no such effect. It has been found that first-borns score three points higher compared to second borns and that children born earlier in a family are on average, taller and weigh more than those born later. However, it is impossible to
2259:
The social interaction that occurs as a result of birth order however is the most notable. Older siblings often become role models of behaviour, and younger siblings become learners and supervisees. Older siblings are at a developmental advantage both cognitively and socially. The role of birth order
2255:
Today, the flaws and inconsistencies in birth order research eliminate its validity. It is very difficult to control solely for factors related to birth order, and therefore most studies produce ambiguous results. Embedded into theories of birth order is a debate of nature versus nurture. It has been
3031:
The primary word under consideration in this chapter is sibling, which during the Old
English period referred simply to a relation, not necessarily to a brother or sister, as in the modern use of the term. The last recorded use in the Oxford English Dictionary in the relative sense is in 1425. There
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Children that have parents with a better marital relationship are better at regulating their jealous emotions. Children are more likely to express jealousy when their parents are directing their attention to the sibling as opposed to when the parents are solely interacting with them. Parents who are
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suggests that instead of protesting or telling children to act their age, parents should simply grant their requests without becoming upset. The affected children will soon return to their normal routine when they realize that they now have just as important a place in the family as the new sibling.
2101:
only occurs a limited number of times and, therefore, large chunks of a chromosome are shared or not shared at one time. In fact, the mean DNA fraction shared is 50.28% with a standard deviation of 3.68%, meaning approximately 1/4 of sibling pairs share more than 52.76% of their DNA, while 1/4 share
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and lower levels of academic competence. This means that sibling warmth does not counteract these negative effects. Sibling conflict is also linked to an increase in more risky behavior including: smoking cigarettes, skipping days of school, contact with the police, and other behaviors in
Caucasian
2648:
Sibling conflict is pervasive and often shrugged off as an accepted part of sibling dynamics. In spite of the broad variety of conflict that siblings are often involved in, sibling conflicts can be grouped into two broader categories. The first category is conflict about equality or fairness. It is
2237:
First Borns: Fulfilling family roles of leadership and authority, obedient of protocol and hierarchy. Seek out and prefer order, structure and adherence to norms and rules. They partake in goal-striving behaviour as their lives are centred around achievement and accomplishment themes. They fear the
1871:
is the measure of how closely people are related. Genetic relatedness measures how many genes a person shares. As all humans share over 99% of the same genes, consanguinity only matters for the small fraction of genes which vary between different people. Inheritance of genes has a random element to
2709:
Techniques used by parents to manage their children's conflicts include parental non-intervention, child-centered parental intervention strategies, and more rarely the encouragement of physical conflict between siblings. Parental non-intervention included techniques in which the parent ignores the
2498:
Sibling rivalry usually starts right after, or before, the arrival of the second child. While siblings will still love each other, it is not uncommon for them to bicker and be malicious to each other. Children are sensitive from the age of 1 year to differences in parental treatment and by 3 years
2334:
In practice, systematic birth order research is a challenge because it is difficult to control for all of the variables that are statistically related to birth order. For example, large families are generally lower in socioeconomic status than small families, so third-born children are more likely
2009:
play in the development of various traits. Such studies examine how often identical twins possess the same behavioral trait and compare it to how often fraternal twins possess the same trait. In other studies twins are raised in separate families, and studies compare the passing on of a behavioral
2735:
using middle-childhood aged children and observed the way in which the parents contributed to stereotypical attitudes in their kids. In their study the experimenters analysed two different types of families, one with the same sex siblings, and the other with different sex siblings, as well as the
2652:
The second category of conflict involves an invasion of a child's perceived personal domain by their sibling. An example of this type of conflict is when a child enters their sibling's room when they are not welcome, or when a child crosses over into their sibling's side of the car in a long road
2502:
Each child in a family competes to define who they are as persons and want to show that they are separate from their siblings. Sibling rivalry increases when children feel they are getting unequal amounts of their parents' attention, where there is stress in the parents' and children's lives, and
2436:
The arrival of a new baby is especially stressful for firstborns and for siblings between 3 and 5 years old. In such situations, regressive behavior may be accompanied by aggressive behavior, such as handling the baby roughly. All of these symptoms are considered to be typical and developmentally
2603:
Children are more jealous of the interactions between newborns and their mothers than they are with newborns and their fathers. This is logical as up until the birth of the infant, the first-born child had the mother as their primary care-giver all to themselves. Some research has suggested that
2241:
Middle
Children: Feel like outcasts of families as they lack primacy of the first child and the "attention garnering recency" of the youngest. These children often go to great lengths to de-identify themselves with their siblings, in an attempt to make a different and individualized identity for
2245:
Youngest
Children: Feel disadvantaged compared to older siblings, are often perceived as less capable or experienced and are therefore indulged and spoiled. Because of this, they are skilled in coaxing/charming others to do things for them or provide. This contributes to the image of them being
2700:
for behavioral problems. A study on what the topic of the fight was (invasion of personal domain or inequality) also shows that the topic of the fight may have a result on the effects of the conflict. This study showed that sibling conflict over personal domain were related to lower levels of
2456:
advises that most occurrences of regressive behavior are mild and to be expected; however, it recommends parents to contact a pediatrician or child psychologist if the older child tries to hurt the baby, if regressive behavior does not improve within 2 or 3 months, or if the parents have other
2730:
There have always been some differences between siblings, especially different sex siblings. Often, different sex sibling may consider things to be unfair because their brother or sister is allowed to do certain things because of their gender, while they get to do something less fun or just
862:
from infanthood, a language only shared and understood between the two. Studies corroborate that identical twins appear to display more twin talk than fraternal twins. At about 3, twin talk usually ends. Twins generally share a greater bond due to growing up together and being the same age.
923:
to each other, for example, if a man has children with two women who are sisters, or a woman has children with a man and his son. In the first case, the children are half-siblings as well as first cousins; in the second, the children are half-siblings as well as an avuncular pair. They are
2625:
display engaging behaviours, like interacting with the parent or sibling in an attempt to improve the situation. They tend to have more intense and longer-lasting feelings of jealousy because they spend more time ruminating on the situation and constructing ways to make it better.
2437:
appropriate for children between the ages of 3 and 5. While some can be prevented, the remainder can be improved within a few months. Regressive behavior may include demand for a bottle, thumb sucking, requests to wear diapers (even if toilet-trained), or requests to carry a
2701:
self-esteem, and sibling conflict over perceived inequalities seem to be more related to depressive symptoms. However, the study also showed that greater depressive and anxious symptoms were also related to more frequent sibling conflict and more intense sibling conflict.
2584:: 30% of children fall into this category. These children observe parent-infant interaction closely and are less likely to approach the infant and the parent. They are anxious to explore the new environment as they tend to seek little comfort from their parents.
2683:
of sibling conflict are related to higher levels of anxiety and depression in siblings, along with lower levels of self-worth and lower levels of academic competence. In addition, sibling warmth is not a protective factor for the negative effects of
2630:
display non-engaging behaviours, for example retreating to their room because they believe none of their actions will affect or improve the situation. They tend to have less intense and shorter lasting feelings of jealousy than malleable theorists.
2068:
is greater than zero). Interestingly, half-siblings can be related by as "three-quarters siblings" (related by 3/8) if their unshared parents have a consanguinity of 50%. This means the unshared parents are either siblings, making the half-siblings
2571:
First-borns' attachment to their parents is directly related to their jealous behaviour. In a study by
Volling, four classes of children were identified based on their different responses of jealousy to new infant siblings and parent interactions.
2105:
There is a very small chance that two half-siblings might not share any genes if they didn't inherit any of the same chromosomes from their shared parent. This is possible for full-siblings as well, though even more unlikely. But because of how
2595:: 2.7% of children fall into this category. These children are emotionally reactive and aggressive. They have difficulty regulating their negative emotions and may be likely to externalize it as negative behaviour around the newborn.
2591:: 6% of children fell into this category. These children have an intense interest in parent-infant interaction and a strong desire to seek proximity and contact with the parent, and sometimes intrude on parent-child interaction.
2323:
a biased and incomplete account of the whole picture of siblings and birth order. Because it is a novel, the research and theories proposed throughout were not criticized and peer-reviewed by other academics before its release.
1944:
1856:
Jrake and Jaden were born to one mother and two half-sibling fathers, and are thus three-quarter siblings, however, their actual percentage of genetic relation is 31.25% instead of 37.5%. Jrake and Jakob are cross-cousins.
2166:
Birth order is a person's rank by age among his or her siblings. Typically, researchers classify siblings as "eldest", "middle child", and "youngest" or simply distinguish between "first-born" and "later-born" children.
1035:
are individuals who share one or more half-siblings; if one person has at least one maternal half-sibling and at least one paternal half-sibling, the maternal and paternal half-siblings are cross-siblings to each
2487:"Sibling rivalry" is a type of competition or animosity among brothers and sisters. It appears to be particularly intense when children are very close in age or of the same gender. Sibling rivalry can involve
2696:
sibling pairs with the exception of firstborns with younger brothers. Except for the elder brother in this pair sibling conflict is positively correlated with risky behavior, thus sibling conflict may be a
2665:
and higher perceived social competence. Even in cases where there is a high level of sibling conflict if there is also a high level of sibling warmth then social skills and competence remain unaffected.
2621:
they may be fixed theorists, believing situations and people are not changeable. These implicit beliefs determine both the intensity of their jealous feelings, and how long those jealous feelings last.
2059:
1999:
938:. Diblings are biologically siblings though not legally for the purposes of family rights and inheritance. The anonymity of donation is seen to add complication to the process of courtship.
3664:
Plomin, R; Pederson, N.L.; McClearn, G.E.; Nesselroade, J.R.; Bergeman, C.S. (1988). "EAS temperaments during the last half of the life span: Twins reared apart and twins reared together".
2327:
that have examined many studies and attempted to control for confounding variables tend to find minimal effects for birth order on personality. In her review of the scientific literature,
4253:
Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion
Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics".
2661:
Sibling warmth is a term for the degree of affection and companionship shared by siblings. Sibling warmth seems to have an effect on siblings. Higher sibling warmth is related to better
2310:
Firstborns and older siblings must answer questions and explain things to younger siblings, acting as tutors. This advances their cognitive processing of information and language skills.
2214:(1874), Galton noted that prominent composers and scientists are over-represented as first-borns. He theorized three main reasons as to why first-borns are generally more eminent:
2300:
proposed that the intellectual environment within a family is ever-changing due to three factors, and therefore more permissive of first-born children's intellectual advancement:
911:, with half-siblings taking only half as much property of their intestate siblings' estates as siblings of full-blood. Unequal treatment of this type has been wholly abolished in
2010:
trait by the family environment and the possession of a common trait between identical twins. This kind of study has revealed that for personality traits which are known to be
1854:
Julia and Janine were born to one father and two full-sibling mothers, and are thus three-quarter siblings. Jaden is their cousin, while Jrake and Jakob are their half-cousins.
4333:
Campione-Barr, Nicole; Bassett Greer, Kelly; Kruse, Anna (May–June 2013). "Differential
Associations Between Domains of Sibling Conflict and Adolescent Emotional Adjustment".
728:, with siblinghood considered a unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment,
1957:
come from the same zygote, their most recent common ancestor is each other. They’re genetically identical and 100% consanguineous as they’re separated by zero generations (
3495:
4168:
2304:
Firstborns do not need to share parental attention and have their parents' complete absorption. More siblings in the family limit the attention devoted to each of them.
3010:
These will enable us... to predict the probable character in any individual from a knowledge of one or more parents or brethren ("siblings," = brothers or sisters).
977:
are the siblings of one's spouse, the spouse of one's sibling, or the spouse of one's spouse's sibling. The spouse of one's spouse's sibling may also be called a
924:
genetically closer than half-siblings but less genetically close than full-siblings, a degree of genetic relationship that is rare in humans and little-studied.
3300:
3116:
2476:
1875:
4517:
2580:
as they act how a child would be expected to act in a familiar home setting with their parents present as secure bases to explore the environment.
2256:
disproved that there is something innate in the position one is born into, and therefore creating a preset role. Birth order has no genetic basis.
4371:
Buist, Kirsten L.; Vermande, Marjolijn (2014). "Sibling
Relationship Patterns and Their Associations with Child Competence and Problem Behavior".
2523:: a parent is inclined to spread resources equally among all children in the family, but a child wants most of the resources for him or herself.
4185:
2760:. It can be seen in biological and adoptive families, but also in other situations where children are brought up in close contact, such as the
2331:
suggests that birth order effects may exist within the context of the family of origin, but that they are not enduring aspects of personality.
2335:
than first-born children to come from poorer families. Spacing of children, parenting style, and gender are additional variables to consider.
649:
3994:
Rodgers, J.L., Cleveland, H.H., van den Oord, E. and Rowe, D. (2000). Resolving the Debate Over Birth Order, Family Size and
Intelligence.
3520:
4774:
4754:
3907:
Wichman, A.L.; Rodgers, J.L.; MacCallum, R.C. (2006). "A Multilevel Approach to the Relationship Between Birth Order and Intelligence".
2902:
4610:
McHale, Susan M.; Crouter, Ann C. (1999). "Family Context and Gender Role Socialization in Middle Childhood: Comparing Girls to Boys".
2950:
4299:
Thompson, J.A.; Halberstadt, A.G. (2008). "Childrens Accounts of Sibling Jealousy and Their Implicit Theories about Relationships".
4124:
2118:) during the development of an egg or sperm cell, however, the odds of this ever actually occurring are practically non-existent.
4146:
3950:
Eckstein, D.; Kaufman, J.A. (2012). "The Role of Birth Order in Personality: An Enduring Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Adler".
3612:
3268:
3208:
Galván-FemenĂa, Iván; BarcelĂł-Vidal, Carles; Sumoy, Lauro; Moreno, Victor; de Cid, Rafael; Graffelman, Jan (15 January 2021).
2740:
affecting both the father's attitude and the siblings' behavior, and the mother's attitudes did not have a noticeable impact.
1852:
Erika and Efram are full siblings; to them, Abram, Aserna, and Agnia are their half-siblings, and Bein is their cross sibling.
4864:
4165:
2722:
and children with siblings suggest that overall the presence of a sibling does not have any effect on the child as an adult.
2471:
3777:
2453:
3835:
2224:
First-borns are given more responsibility than their younger siblings and are treated more as companions by their parents.
2017:
Half-siblings are 25% related by consanguinity as they share one parent and separated from each other by two generations (
2958:
2307:
Firstborns are exposed to more adult language. Later-borns are exposed to the less-mature speech of their older siblings.
930:, a portmanteau of donor sibling, or donor-conceived sibling, or donor-sperm sibling, are biologically connected through
877:) are people who share one parent. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as
1160:
Bryan and Betty are full siblings while Cyrus is their half brother; their relation percentage of consanguinity is 50%.
4714:
4105:
2020:
1960:
4566:
Riggio, Heidi (September 1999). "Personality and Social Skill Differences Between Adults With and Without Siblings".
3308:
2653:
trip. These types of fights seem to be more important to older siblings due to their larger desire for independence.
2396:
800:
642:
3545:
2378:
4804:
5387:
2604:
children display less jealous reactions over father-newborn interactions because fathers tend to punish negative
5309:
4704:
3425:
2445:
2374:
782:
2159:
5448:
5108:
4531:
Kazura, Kerry; Tucker, Corinna (July 2013). "Parental Responses to School-aged Children's Sibling Conflict".
2064:
A person may share more than the standard consanguinity with their sibling if their parents are related (the
375:
2608:
and are less tolerant than mothers of clinginess and visible distress, although this is hard to generalize.
5582:
3888:
Adler, E.S. (2012). "Issues in Birth Order Research Methodology: Perspectives from Individual Psychology".
2697:
2155:
635:
4464:
4058:"Associations between birth order and personality traits: Evidence from self-reports and observer ratings"
3869:
Alan, E.S. (2012). "Issues in Birth Order Research Methodology: Perspectives from Individual Psychology".
858:
are siblings that are born from the same pregnancy. Often, twins with a close relationship will develop a
5221:
2543:
4416:"Longitudinal Associations Between Sibling Relationship Qualities and Risky Behavior Across Adolescence"
3449:
2265:
generalize birth order characteristics and apply them universally to all individuals in that subgroup.
238:
188:
39:
3730:"Estimation and Partitioning of Heritability in Human Populations using Whole Genome Analysis Methods"
2932:
2826:
5458:
5424:
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3329:
2977:
2512:
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903:
law), half-siblings have often been accorded treatment unequal to that of full-siblings. Old English
667:
616:
4189:
3353:
2278:(Blake, 1981) provide three potential reasons for the higher scoring of older siblings on IQ tests:
4465:"Social behaviors of children with ASD during play with siblings and parents: parental perceptions"
2910:
2370:
2359:
778:
566:
45:
17:
2511:, where brothers were in competition for their mother's attention and sisters for their father's.
2282:
Parental resources are finite, first-born children get full and primary access to these resources.
2227:
First-borns are given more attention and nourishment in families with limited financial resources.
5511:
5399:
3700:
3580:
3377:
2363:
771:
382:
3401:
3023:
2221:
laws: first-borns have access to their parents' financial resources to continue their education.
2140:
1001:: foster children of one's parent(s), or the children or foster children of one's foster parent.
4088:
2786:
2175:
2107:
2014:, genetics play a substantial role throughout life and an even larger role during early years.
920:
744:
733:
854:) share the same biological parents. Full-siblings are also the most common type of siblings.
5506:
5465:
4824:
4511:
4008:
Johnson, Gary. R. (2000). "Science, Sulloway, and Birth Order: An Ordeal and an Assessment".
3970:
2132:
2111:
2098:
2006:
740:
561:
474:
265:
228:
885:), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as
5546:
5526:
5516:
5453:
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4660:"Childhood Association and Sexual Attraction: A Further Test of the Westermarck Hypothesis"
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and popular culture to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development and
663:
469:
464:
251:
3151:"A Log-Ratio Biplot Approach for Exploring Genetic Relatedness Based on Identity by State"
2146:
8:
5486:
5443:
5436:
5138:
5095:
3473:
3210:"A likelihood ratio approach for identifying three-quarter siblings in genetic databases"
2516:
611:
247:
3745:
3044:
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popular and outgoing, as they engage in attention-seeking behaviour to meet their needs.
724:), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong
4768:
4681:
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4121:
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3185:
3150:
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3001:
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Regressive behaviors are the child's way of demanding the parents' love and attention.
2328:
2151:
499:
429:
4748:
4143:
5531:
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5216:
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4388:
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4312:
4270:
4029:
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3681:
3581:"How are siblings 50% genetically identical while humans and mice are 85% identical?"
3276:
3249:
3231:
3190:
3172:
3149:
Graffelman, Jan; Galván FemenĂa, Iván; de Cid, Rafael; BarcelĂł Vidal, Carles (2019).
3090:
3024:"Gone But Not Forgotten: Persistence and Revival in the History of English Word Loss"
2859:
2768:
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601:
571:
506:
233:
208:
63:
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is not a single emotion. The basic emotions expressed in jealous interactions are
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These parental resources have an important impact on a child's educational success.
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As the number of a children in a family goes up, the more resources must be shared.
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Vinkhuyzen, A. A.; Wray, N. R.; Yang, J.; Goddard, M. E.; Visscher, P. M. (2013).
3069:"The relationship between twin language, twins' close ties, and social competence"
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1939:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}+\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}}
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found that children who are brought up together as siblings are desensitized to
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Comer, Ronald; Gould, Elizabeth; Ogden, Nancy; Boyes, Michael (February 2012).
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A fraternal twin is a sibling and, therefore, is related by 50% consanguinity.
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The Sibling Effect: What the Bonds Among Brothers and Sisters Reveal About Us
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While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as
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O’Brien, O’Brien, Zachariah; Cuskelly, Monica; Slaughter, Virginia (2020).
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4778:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 651.
4758:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 160.
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3068:
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where fighting is accepted by the family as a way to resolve conflicts.
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In 1996, interest in the science behind birth order was re-sparked when
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themselves as they feel like they were "squeezed out" of their families.
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2002:
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785: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2202:'s (1870–1937) theory of birth order and personality characteristics.
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In practice, full siblings do not share exactly 50% of their DNA, as
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Siblings, half siblings, three-quarter siblings, and cross siblings
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5153:
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4899:
3450:"Foster sister definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"
3067:
Hayashi, C; Mikami, H; Nishihara, R; Maeda, C; Hayakawa, K (2014).
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One of two or more individuals having at least one parent in common
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parent of one and the adoptive or biological parent of the other.
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3301:"What It's Like To... Find Out You Have 40 Brothers and Sisters"
839:, having not been used since Middle English, specifically 1425.
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The theorizing and study of birth order can be traced back to
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Emily is their three-quarter sibling and Frank's half sister.
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4414:
Solmeyer, Anna; McHale, Susan; Crouter, Ann (February 2014).
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by the same woman. This relationship exists in cultures with
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4166:
Sibling Rivalry in Degree and Dimensions Across the Lifespan
3521:"She's my sister from another mister! | Janelle Butterfield"
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Studies on social skill and personality differences between
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2005:
have been conducted by scientists to examine the roles that
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Most of the behaviors can be improved within a few months.
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3483:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. June 2019.
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are no more genetically similar than regular siblings. As
662:"Siblings" redirects here. For the television series, see
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955:(stepbrothers or stepsisters) are the children of one's
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at one time incorporated inequalities into the laws of
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Syliva B. Rimm, Educational Assessment Service, 2002.
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3496:"Milk Kinship: What do Islam have to say about this?"
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saw the sibling relationship as an extension of the
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Siblings, half-siblings, and three-quarter siblings
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is used in place of agnate). In law (and especially
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2756:to one another later in life. This is known as the
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Portrait of Lady Cockburn and her Three Eldest Sons
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loss of their position in the top of the hierarchy.
4153:University of Michigan Health System, October 2006
4056:Jefferson, T.; Herbst, J.H.; McCrae, R.R. (1998).
3793:
3550:Adoption Medicine Clinic – University of Minnesota
2900:
2053:
1993:
1938:
747:as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively.
3909:Society for Personality and Social Psychology Inc
919:share one parent, while the unshared parents are
5564:
3971:"Family dynamics, not biology, behind higher IQ"
3804:
3613:"Why do half-siblings share 25% of their genes?"
3021:
2731:different. McHale and her colleague conducted a
2713:
2212:English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture
2182:amongst the scientific psychological community.
2054:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}}
1994:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{0}}
4131:University of Michigan Health System, June 2006
3968:
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736:, and personal experiences outside the family.
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3269:"Donor siblings: do the ties of blood matter?"
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4516:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4175:Annie McNerney and Joy Usner, 30 April 2001.
3474:"Sibling Issues in Foster Care and Adoption"
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2377:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1011:or the godchildren of the father or mother.
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4044:Birth order: Its influence on personality.
3857:
3641:"Coefficient of relationship – ISOGG Wiki"
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2705:Parental management techniques of conflict
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829:was reintroduced in 1903 in an article in
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3701:"How related are three-fourths siblings?"
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2939:. BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee, Inc.
2933:"First, Second and Third Degree Relative"
2889:
2397:Learn how and when to remove this message
2269:Contemporary explanations for IQ findings
2194:'s (1822–1911) theory of birth order and
2073:, or parent and child, making them half-
801:Learn how and when to remove this message
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4091:: Why children turn out the way they do.
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997:are children who are raised in the same
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4007:
3836:"Does Birth Order Affect Intelligence?"
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2726:Gender roles among children and parents
2544:Attachment theory § Attachment patterns
677:is a relative that shares at least one
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4469:Research in Developmental Disabilities
4186:"Freud Lecture: Juliet Mitchell, 2003"
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3952:The Journal of Individual Psychology
3890:The Journal of Individual Psychology
3871:The Journal of Individual Psychology
3868:
3699:Benitez, Cecil (29 September 2011).
3611:Starr, D. Barry (5 September 2013).
2615:
2515:explain sibling rivalry in terms of
2495:where one child victimizes another.
2454:University of Michigan Health System
2375:adding citations to reliable sources
2342:
2170:Birth order is commonly believed in
783:adding citations to reliable sources
754:
4648:, 5th edn. London: Macmillan, 1921.
4533:Journal of Child and Family Studies
3746:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133258
3519:Butterfield, Janelle (2013-12-28).
3117:"Marriage: legitimacy and adoption"
2982:"On the laws of inheritance in man"
2959:University of Alabama at Birmingham
2901:Mersky Leder, Jane (Jan–Feb 1993).
2292:
24:
4696:
4103:The Effects of Sibling Competition
4062:Journal of Research in Personality
4042:Ernst, C. & Angst, J. (1983).
3833:
3494:Pelegrino, Elton N. (2022-01-20).
2598:
1392:Donna and David are full siblings.
965:are raised by a person who is the
835:, as a translation for the German
697:. A person with no siblings is an
25:
5594:
4724:
3969:Carey, Benedict (June 21, 2007).
3481:Child Welfare Information Gateway
2634:
2491:; however, it is not the same as
4730:
4313:10.1111/J.1467-9507.2007.00435.x
3289:– via www.theguardian.com.
3267:Jolly, Alice (21 January 2017).
3073:Twin Research and Human Genetics
2951:"CONSANGUINITY / AFFINITY CHART"
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3579:Shafer, Aaron (17 March 2006).
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3322:
3307:. 12 April 2019. Archived from
3293:
3201:
3142:
915:, but still exists in Florida.
770:needs additional citations for
739:Medically, a full-sibling is a
5310:Genealogical numbering systems
4010:Politics and the Life Sciences
3133:
3109:
3060:
3037:
3015:
2966:
2943:
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2574:Regulated Exploration Children
2446:American Academy of Pediatrics
2121:
750:
712:(female sibling) carrying her
13:
1:
5449:International Day of Families
5109:Australian Aboriginal kinship
4677:10.1525/aa.1970.72.3.02a00010
4646:The history of human marriage
2882:
2714:Long-term effects of presence
959:from a previous relationship.
4373:Journal of Family Psychology
3975:International Herald Tribune
2670:Negative effects of conflict
2339:Regressive behavior at birth
2154:with his sisters Princesses
7:
2774:
2643:
2537:
1043:Siblings and half-siblings
1017:are children who have been
10:
5599:
4812:
4644:Westermarck, E.A. (1921).
4481:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103525
3227:10.1038/s41437-020-00392-8
2582:Approach-Avoidant Children
2566:
2541:
2530:
2513:Evolutionary psychologists
2464:
2460:
2185:
2125:
1864:Consanguinity and genetics
946:Related through affinity:
661:
5474:
5410:National Grandparents Day
5375:
5334:
5202:
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5054:
4997:
4962:
4927:
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4820:
4580:10.1080/00223989909599759
4568:The Journal of Psychology
4545:10.1007/s10826-013-9741-2
4022:10.1017/S0730938400014842
3734:Annual Review of Genetics
3454:www.collinsdictionary.com
2678:Sibling physical conflict
2656:
2205:
2066:coefficient of inbreeding
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1100:
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681:with the other person. A
668:Siblings (disambiguation)
4703:Kluger, Jeffrey (2012).
4420:Developmental Psychology
3921:10.1177/0146167205279581
3776:Calculated based on the
3678:10.1037/0882-7974.3.1.43
3430:dictionary.cambridge.org
3406:dictionary.cambridge.org
3382:dictionary.cambridge.org
3358:dictionary.cambridge.org
3334:dictionary.cambridge.org
3168:10.3389/fgene.2019.00341
2231:
2007:genetics and environment
1007:are the children of the
743:and a half-sibling is a
5512:Sociology of the family
5352:Philia (brotherly love)
4928:Second-degree relatives
4775:Encyclopædia Britannica
4755:Encyclopædia Britannica
4664:American Anthropologist
4658:Arthur P. Wolf (1970).
4624:10.1111/1467-8624.00072
4267:10.1111/1467-8624.00425
2903:"Adult Sibling Rivalry"
2767:system and the Chinese
2457:questions or concerns.
2274:Resource dilution model
2093:Percentage distribution
5357:Storge (familial love)
4963:Third-degree relatives
4865:First-degree relatives
4089:The Nurture Assumption
4074:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2233
3139:Fla. Stat. s. 732.105.
3022:Elizabeth Grace Wang.
2787:List of sibling groups
2679:
2484:
2430:
2418:
2163:
2143:
2108:homologous chromosomes
2055:
1995:
1940:
1009:godfather or godmother
921:first-degree relatives
917:Three-quarter siblings
891:paternal half-siblings
883:maternal half-siblings
822:
745:second-degree relative
717:
666:. For other uses, see
5507:Middle child syndrome
5466:National Adoption Day
5342:Agape (parental love)
4093:New York: Free Press.
4086:Harris, J.R. (1998).
3996:American Psychologist
3544:nivens (2015-01-09).
3155:Frontiers in Genetics
2677:
2531:Further information:
2474:
2424:
2412:
2251:Contemporary findings
2149:
2135:
2112:chromosomal crossover
2099:chromosomal crossover
2056:
1996:
1941:
816:
741:first-degree relative
707:
458:Emotions and feelings
5547:Sibling estrangement
5527:Dysfunctional family
5517:Museum of Motherhood
5454:National Family Week
5320:Quarters of nobility
4739:at Wikimedia Commons
3796:Psychology Around Us
3706:The Tech Interactive
3666:Psychology and Aging
3618:The Tech Interactive
3586:The Tech Interactive
2913:on December 11, 2012
2797:Sibling estrangement
2792:Sibling relationship
2533:Sibling relationship
2371:improve this section
2141:Peder Severin Krøyer
2137:The Benzon Daughters
2021:
1961:
1876:
909:intestate succession
779:improve this article
664:Siblings (TV series)
5583:Kinship and descent
5487:Wedding anniversary
5444:American Family Day
5400:Father–Daughter Day
5347:Eros (marital love)
5096:Kinship terminology
3778:normal distribution
3086:10.1017/thg.2013.83
3049:The Free Dictionary
2840:symmetric relations
2623:Malleable Theorists
2593:Disruptive Children
2517:parental investment
2110:swap genes (due to
942:Non-blood relations
893:. In law, the term
612:Narcissistic parent
5252:collateral descent
4347:10.1111/cdev.12022
4301:Social Development
4171:2017-10-15 at the
4149:2017-06-30 at the
4127:2020-08-07 at the
4108:2007-07-01 at the
3840:Human Intelligence
3709:. Ask a Geneticist
3621:. Ask a Geneticist
3589:. Ask a Geneticist
3305:Vancouver Magazine
3029:. pp. 35–36.
2758:Westermarck Effect
2750:Edvard Westermarck
2744:Westermarck effect
2733:longitudinal study
2680:
2485:
2431:
2419:
2329:Judith Rich Harris
2325:Literature reviews
2164:
2152:Pedro II of Brazil
2144:
2051:
2039:
1991:
1979:
1936:
1924:
1894:
823:
817:Two brothers from
718:
430:marital separation
5560:
5559:
5532:Domestic violence
5330:
5329:
5247:Lineal descendant
5217:Bilateral descent
4970:Great-grandparent
4855:Matrifocal family
4735:Media related to
4612:Child Development
4335:Child Development
4255:Child Development
2860:Significant other
2769:shim-pua marriage
2754:sexual attraction
2616:Implicit theories
2407:
2406:
2399:
2180:pseudo-psychology
2102:less than 47.8%.
2038:
1978:
1923:
1893:
1861:
1860:
1847:
1846:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
963:Adoptive siblings
811:
810:
803:
660:
659:
617:Power and control
341:
340:
337:
336:
209:Significant other
189:Mixed-orientation
49:
16:(Redirected from
5590:
5522:Astronaut family
5283:
5282:
5184:Iroquois kinship
5174:Sudanese kinship
5169:Hawaiian kinship
5144:Family of choice
4975:Great-grandchild
4850:Immediate family
4807:
4800:
4793:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4771:
4759:
4751:
4734:
4720:
4690:
4689:
4679:
4655:
4649:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4607:
4592:
4591:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4443:
4432:10.1037/a0033207
4411:
4405:
4404:
4385:10.1037/a0036990
4368:
4359:
4358:
4330:
4317:
4316:
4296:
4279:
4278:
4250:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4188:. Archived from
4182:
4176:
4163:
4154:
4141:
4132:
4122:New Baby Sibling
4119:
4113:
4100:
4094:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4053:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4005:
3999:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3866:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3842:. Archived from
3831:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3789:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3576:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3552:. Archived from
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3426:"foster brother"
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3330:"brother-in-law"
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3229:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3170:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3088:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2909:. Archived from
2907:Psychology Today
2898:
2782:Immediate family
2589:-Clingy Children
2439:security blanket
2417:and his brothers
2402:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2351:
2343:
2293:Confluence model
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
994:
993:
806:
799:
795:
792:
786:
763:
755:
652:
645:
638:
203:
202:
60:
59:
43:
37:
30:
29:
21:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5552:Sibling rivalry
5470:
5371:
5326:
5315:Seize quartiers
5281:
5222:Common ancestor
5206:
5198:
5164:Chinese kinship
5159:Nurture kinship
5149:Fictive kinship
5090:
5050:
5039:daughter-in-law
4993:
4958:
4923:
4859:
4845:Conjugal family
4840:Extended family
4816:
4811:
4769:"Brother"
4727:
4717:
4699:
4697:Further reading
4694:
4693:
4656:
4652:
4643:
4639:
4608:
4595:
4564:
4560:
4529:
4525:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4499:
4461:
4457:
4412:
4408:
4369:
4362:
4331:
4320:
4297:
4282:
4251:
4204:
4195:
4193:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4173:Wayback Machine
4164:
4157:
4151:Wayback Machine
4144:Sibling Rivalry
4142:
4135:
4129:Wayback Machine
4120:
4116:
4110:Wayback Machine
4101:
4097:
4085:
4081:
4054:
4050:
4041:
4037:
4006:
4002:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3967:
3963:
3948:
3944:
3905:
3901:
3886:
3882:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3847:
3834:Esping, Amber.
3832:
3805:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3697:
3693:
3662:
3658:
3649:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3609:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3557:
3546:"Consanguinity"
3542:
3538:
3529:
3527:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3502:
3492:
3488:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3362:
3360:
3354:"sister-in-law"
3352:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3314:
3312:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3265:
3261:
3206:
3202:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3123:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3026:
3020:
3016:
2998:10.2307/2331507
2971:
2967:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2899:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2777:
2748:Anthropologist
2746:
2728:
2716:
2707:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2637:
2628:Fixed Theorists
2618:
2601:
2599:Parental effect
2569:
2546:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2509:Oedipus complex
2482:Joshua Reynolds
2480:(1773–1775) by
2469:
2467:Sibling rivalry
2463:
2403:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2368:
2352:
2341:
2295:
2276:
2271:
2253:
2234:
2208:
2188:
2130:
2124:
2095:
2045:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:identical twins
1951:Fraternal twins
1930:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1900:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1855:
1853:
1393:
991:
990:
974:Siblings-in-law
944:
807:
796:
790:
787:
776:
764:
753:
726:emotional bonds
716:(male sibling).
671:
656:
627:
626:
587:
577:
576:
562:Sexual activity
525:
517:
516:
460:
450:
449:
416:
408:
407:
351:
343:
342:
333:
309:
295:Mutual monogamy
176:
155:
57:
42:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5596:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5420:Children's Day
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5302:
5297:
5295:Pedigree chart
5291:
5289:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5262:Patrilineality
5259:
5257:Matrilineality
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5179:Eskimo kinship
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5029:Sibling-in-law
5026:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5003:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4869:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4835:Nuclear family
4832:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4766:, ed. (1911).
4764:Chisholm, Hugh
4760:
4749:"Sister"
4746:, ed. (1911).
4744:Chisholm, Hugh
4740:
4726:
4725:External links
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:978-1594486111
4715:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4670:(3): 503–515.
4650:
4637:
4618:(4): 990–994.
4593:
4574:(5): 514–522.
4558:
4539:(5): 737–745.
4523:
4455:
4426:(2): 600–610.
4406:
4379:(4): 529–537.
4360:
4341:(3): 938–954.
4318:
4307:(3): 488–511.
4280:
4261:(2): 581–600.
4202:
4177:
4155:
4133:
4114:
4095:
4079:
4068:(4): 498–509.
4048:
4035:
4016:(2): 211–245.
4000:
3987:
3961:
3942:
3915:(1): 117–127.
3899:
3880:
3856:
3803:
3781:
3769:
3720:
3691:
3656:
3632:
3600:
3566:
3536:
3511:
3500:www.nnc.gov.ph
3486:
3465:
3441:
3417:
3393:
3369:
3345:
3321:
3292:
3259:
3220:(3): 537–547.
3200:
3141:
3132:
3108:
3059:
3036:
3014:
2965:
2942:
2924:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2857:
2855:Sibling-in-law
2852:
2847:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2817:Multiple birth
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2745:
2742:
2727:
2724:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2671:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2635:Different ages
2633:
2617:
2614:
2600:
2597:
2568:
2565:
2539:
2536:
2528:
2525:
2465:Main article:
2462:
2459:
2425:Four Sisters (
2405:
2404:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2316:Frank Sulloway
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2207:
2204:
2192:Francis Galton
2187:
2184:
2172:pop psychology
2126:Main article:
2123:
2120:
2094:
2091:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1033:Cross-siblings
1030:
1012:
1002:
983:
982:
970:
960:
943:
940:
809:
808:
767:
765:
758:
752:
749:
658:
657:
655:
654:
647:
640:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
583:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
548:
547:
542:
537:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
509:
504:
503:
502:
497:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
461:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
423:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
379:
378:
376:Bachelor's Day
368:
363:
358:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
339:
338:
335:
334:
332:
331:
326:
321:
316:
310:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
276:
273:
272:
262:
261:
260:
259:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
199:
198:
194:
193:
192:
191:
186:
185:
184:
182:Group marriage
175:
174:
173:
172:
167:
156:
154:
153:
148:
147:
146:
141:
130:
127:
126:
119:
118:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
100:
99:
94:
84:
79:
71:
70:
58:
55:
54:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5595:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5542:Sibling abuse
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5482:Single parent
5480:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:Relationships
5333:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5277:Royal descent
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5195:
5194:Omaha kinship
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Consanguinity
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5024:Parent-in-law
5022:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4999:Family-in-law
4996:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4808:
4803:
4801:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4777:
4776:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4718:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4641:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4519:
4513:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4365:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4192:on 2012-02-04
4191:
4187:
4181:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4138:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4092:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3991:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3846:on 2020-02-14
3845:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3788:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3556:on 2021-03-05
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3475:
3469:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3311:on 2019-08-02
3310:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3136:
3122:
3121:UK Parliament
3118:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2974:Pearson, Karl
2969:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2946:
2938:
2937:www.bcbst.com
2934:
2928:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:List of twins
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2723:
2721:
2720:only children
2711:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2667:
2664:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2534:
2527:Relationships
2524:
2522:
2521:kin selection
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2505:Sigmund Freud
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:sibling abuse
2490:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2429:, about 1900)
2428:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2401:
2398:
2390:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2356:This section
2354:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2320:Born To Rebel
2317:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:Robert Zajonc
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:Primogeniture
2217:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1870:
1869:Consanguinity
1851:
1850:
1844:
1791:
1789:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1644:
1641:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1577:
1553:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1487:
1485:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1360:
1357:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1319:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1268:
1265:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1133:
1130:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:Milk siblings
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
988:
987:
986:
985:Not related:
980:
976:
975:
971:
968:
964:
961:
958:
954:
953:
949:
948:
947:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:half-brothers
872:
868:
867:Half-siblings
864:
861:
860:twin language
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:full-siblings
840:
838:
834:
833:
828:
820:
815:
805:
802:
794:
784:
780:
774:
773:
768:This section
766:
762:
757:
756:
748:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
715:
711:
706:
702:
700:
696:
693:sibling is a
692:
688:
685:sibling is a
684:
680:
676:
669:
665:
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
634:
633:
631:
630:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
586:
581:
580:
573:
570:
568:
567:Transgression
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
527:
521:
520:
513:
510:
508:
505:
501:
500:Unconditional
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
459:
454:
453:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
412:
411:
404:
401:
399:
398:Singles event
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
347:
346:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
275:
274:
271:
267:
264:
263:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
240:
239:Queerplatonic
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
157:
152:
151:Open marriage
149:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
69:
65:
62:
61:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:Relationships
36:
32:
31:
19:
5415:Parents' Day
5405:Siblings Day
5395:Father's Day
5383:Mother's Day
5367:Polyfidelity
5362:Filial piety
5287:Family trees
5189:Crow kinship
5139:Estrangement
5034:Child-in-law
4954:Niece/Nephew
4906:
4773:
4753:
4705:
4667:
4663:
4653:
4645:
4640:
4615:
4611:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4512:cite journal
4500:. Retrieved
4472:
4468:
4458:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4376:
4372:
4338:
4334:
4304:
4300:
4258:
4254:
4194:. Retrieved
4190:the original
4180:
4117:
4098:
4087:
4082:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4013:
4009:
4003:
3995:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3974:
3964:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3877:(1): 75–106.
3874:
3870:
3848:. Retrieved
3844:the original
3839:
3795:
3772:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3711:. Retrieved
3704:
3694:
3672:(1): 43–50.
3669:
3665:
3659:
3648:. Retrieved
3644:
3635:
3623:. Retrieved
3616:
3591:. Retrieved
3584:
3558:. Retrieved
3554:the original
3549:
3539:
3528:. Retrieved
3525:the Guardian
3524:
3514:
3503:. Retrieved
3499:
3489:
3480:
3468:
3457:. Retrieved
3453:
3444:
3433:. Retrieved
3429:
3420:
3409:. Retrieved
3405:
3396:
3385:. Retrieved
3381:
3378:"co-brother"
3372:
3361:. Retrieved
3357:
3348:
3337:. Retrieved
3333:
3324:
3313:. Retrieved
3309:the original
3304:
3295:
3284:. Retrieved
3273:The Guardian
3272:
3262:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3135:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:
3111:
3079:(1): 27–37.
3076:
3072:
3062:
3052:, retrieved
3048:
3039:
3030:
3017:
3009:
2989:
2985:
2968:
2957:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2917:November 28,
2915:. Retrieved
2911:the original
2906:
2812:Step-sibling
2802:Siblings Day
2747:
2729:
2717:
2708:
2681:
2663:social skill
2660:
2651:
2647:
2638:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2610:
2602:
2592:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2570:
2547:
2501:
2497:
2486:
2475:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2432:
2427:Frank Eugene
2393:
2384:
2369:Please help
2357:
2333:
2319:
2313:
2296:
2277:
2258:
2254:
2211:
2210:In his book
2209:
2200:Alfred Adler
2189:
2169:
2165:
2136:
2104:
2096:
2063:
2016:
2003:Twin studies
1948:
1867:
1032:
1023:milk kinship
1014:
1005:God siblings
1004:
989:
984:
978:
972:
962:
952:Stepsiblings
950:
945:
932:donated eggs
926:
916:
894:
890:
889:siblings or
886:
882:
881:siblings or
878:
874:
871:half-sisters
870:
866:
865:
851:
847:
843:
842:Siblings or
841:
836:
830:
826:
824:
797:
788:
777:Please help
772:verification
769:
738:
719:
674:
672:
305:Polyfidelity
290:Non-monogamy
234:Life partner
224:Cohabitation
108:
5497:Birth order
5242:Inheritance
5227:Family name
5086:Stepsibling
4980:Great-uncle
4935:Grandparent
4709:. Penguin.
3958:(1): 60–61.
3402:"co-sister"
2698:risk factor
2176:personality
2128:Birth order
2122:Birth order
1027:Islamic law
999:foster home
901:inheritance
896:consanguine
837:Geschwister
751:Definitions
734:personality
730:birth order
722:foster care
530:Bride price
388:Meet market
319:Concubinage
104:Grandparent
5567:Categories
5502:Only child
5432:Family Day
5305:Ahnentafel
5267:Progenitor
5129:Disownment
5074:stepmother
5069:stepfather
5064:Stepparent
5056:Stepfamily
5044:son-in-law
4984:Great-aunt
4940:Grandchild
4475:: 103525.
4196:2007-07-15
3998:, Vol. 55.
3850:2014-11-15
3650:2021-03-02
3560:2021-03-02
3530:2018-10-29
3505:2023-06-22
3459:2021-03-10
3435:2021-03-10
3411:2021-03-10
3387:2021-03-10
3363:2021-03-10
3339:2021-03-10
3315:2019-08-02
3286:2019-08-02
3126:2015-08-03
3054:2023-06-22
2992:(4): 369.
2986:Biometrika
2978:Lee, Alice
2883:References
2868:girlfriend
2738:confounder
2693:self-worth
2691:, lack of
2689:depression
2559:, relief,
2542:See also:
2489:aggression
979:co-sibling
957:stepparent
905:common law
832:Biometrika
791:April 2023
699:only child
572:Repression
557:Infidelity
470:Attachment
371:Engagement
350:Activities
244:Friendship
219:Girlfriend
197:Partner(s)
5492:Godparent
5204:Genealogy
5081:Stepchild
4830:Household
4553:144899282
4497:209385053
4046:Springer.
4030:233320874
3740:: 75–95.
3645:isogg.org
3281:0261-3077
3236:1365-2540
3177:1664-8021
2864:boyfriend
2807:Sladdbarn
2387:July 2008
2358:does not
2156:Francisca
2012:heritable
825:The word
552:Hypergamy
524:Practices
512:Sexuality
485:Limerence
445:Widowhood
435:Annulment
361:Courtship
324:Courtesan
300:Polyamory
252:cross-sex
214:Boyfriend
165:Polyandry
5376:Holidays
5300:Genogram
5237:Heredity
5232:Heirloom
5154:Marriage
5119:Affinity
5114:Adoption
4900:daughter
4737:Siblings
4632:10446731
4588:10507140
4489:31838314
4450:23772819
4401:44281287
4393:24866727
4355:23278528
4275:11949910
4169:Archived
4147:Archived
4125:Archived
4106:Archived
3980:July 15,
3929:16317193
3800:. Wiley.
3764:23988118
3713:5 August
3625:5 August
3593:5 August
3254:33452467
3214:Heredity
3195:31068965
3103:31514697
3095:24330841
2980:(1903).
2775:See also
2644:Conflict
2549:Jealousy
2538:Jealousy
2318:’s book
2196:eminence
2160:Januária
2150:Emperor
1686:Magnolea
995:siblings
967:adoptive
928:Diblings
852:brothers
689:, and a
622:Stalking
602:Domestic
495:Platonic
480:Jealousy
475:Intimacy
465:Affinity
329:Mistress
314:Cicisbeo
285:Monogamy
266:Intimate
248:romantic
229:Same-sex
170:Polygyny
160:Polygamy
124:marriage
68:adoptive
18:Siblings
5573:Sibling
5475:Related
5209:lineage
5134:Divorce
5104:Kinship
5017:husband
4912:brother
4907:Sibling
4825:History
4441:3797172
3937:5791756
3755:4037293
3686:3268242
3245:8027836
3186:6491861
3161:: 341.
3006:2331507
2827:Triplet
2765:kibbutz
2762:Israeli
2685:anxiety
2606:emotion
2587:Anxious
2567:Newborn
2561:sadness
2461:Rivalry
2415:newborn
2379:removed
2364:sources
2186:History
2116:meiosis
2114:during
2071:cousins
1191:Anthony
1066:Anthony
1025:and in
913:England
879:uterine
848:sisters
827:sibling
714:brother
687:brother
675:sibling
607:Elderly
545:service
507:Passion
440:Divorce
421:Breakup
415:Endings
403:Wedding
393:Romance
356:Bonding
246: (
139:Husband
109:Sibling
77:Kinship
64:Genetic
46:Outline
5578:Family
5537:Incest
5437:Canada
5007:Spouse
4989:Cousin
4917:sister
4883:father
4878:mother
4873:Parent
4814:Family
4713:
4686:672994
4684:
4630:
4586:
4551:
4502:18 May
4495:
4487:
4448:
4438:
4399:
4391:
4353:
4273:
4028:
3935:
3927:
3762:
3752:
3684:
3279:
3252:
3242:
3234:
3193:
3183:
3175:
3101:
3093:
3045:"twin"
3004:
2874:Spouse
2850:Friend
2845:Cousin
2838:Other
2657:Warmth
2578:secure
2206:Galton
2162:, 1839
2087:nephew
1828:Janine
1666:Aserna
1463:Belina
1289:Edwina
1279:Corina
1059:Agatha
1036:other.
1019:nursed
992:Foster
887:agnate
710:sister
695:sister
691:female
679:parent
597:Dating
383:Mating
366:Dating
280:Casual
270:sexual
134:Spouse
114:Cousin
97:mother
92:father
87:Parent
82:Family
5425:Japan
4945:Uncle
4890:Child
4682:JSTOR
4549:S2CID
4493:S2CID
4397:S2CID
4026:S2CID
3933:S2CID
3477:(PDF)
3099:S2CID
3027:(PDF)
3002:JSTOR
2954:(PDF)
2862:(SO;
2557:anger
2232:Adler
2083:niece
2079:uncle
1841:Jakob
1823:Julia
1810:Jaden
1805:Jrake
1676:Agnia
1661:Abram
1656:Venia
1651:Efram
1646:Erika
1429:Abiga
1412:Egres
1377:Frank
1372:Emily
1367:David
1362:Donna
1284:Bobby
1186:Alice
1145:Cyrus
1140:Betty
1135:Bryan
936:sperm
856:Twins
819:Haiti
592:Child
585:Abuse
540:dowry
535:dower
426:Legal
56:Types
5388:U.S.
5272:Clan
5207:and
5012:wife
4949:Aunt
4711:ISBN
4628:PMID
4584:PMID
4518:link
4504:2021
4485:PMID
4446:PMID
4389:PMID
4351:PMID
4271:PMID
3982:2007
3925:PMID
3896:(1).
3760:PMID
3715:2024
3682:PMID
3627:2024
3595:2024
3277:ISSN
3250:PMID
3232:ISSN
3191:PMID
3173:ISSN
3091:PMID
2919:2006
2832:Twin
2553:fear
2519:and
2452:The
2444:The
2362:any
2360:cite
2198:and
2158:and
2081:and
2075:aunt
1681:Bein
1434:Abal
1274:Bert
1052:Adam
683:male
490:Love
268:and
256:zone
144:Wife
4895:son
4672:doi
4620:doi
4576:doi
4572:133
4541:doi
4477:doi
4436:PMC
4428:doi
4381:doi
4343:doi
4309:doi
4263:doi
4070:doi
4018:doi
3917:doi
3750:PMC
3742:doi
3674:doi
3240:PMC
3222:doi
3218:126
3181:PMC
3163:doi
3081:doi
2994:doi
2866:or
2373:by
2262:IQs
2139:by
2061:).
2001:).
1946:).
1671:Zak
934:or
873:or
850:or
781:by
122:By
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