602:, stayed behind with his men. In May, disease began to spread in the Parisian ranks and Gozlin died. Odo then slipped through Viking-controlled territory to petition Charles for support; Charles consented. Odo fought his way back into Paris and Charles and Henry of Saxony marched northward. According to Joshua J. Mark, "at some point in 886 CE, Odo returned with the armies of Charles the Fat. He fought his way through the Viking forces and into the city with his men; the Vikings in quick pursuit. Odo organized an immediate defence and the Danes were again driven back to their ships." Henry died, however, after he fell into the Viking ditches, where he was captured and killed.
46:
575:
days. On the third day, they set three ships alight and guided them towards the wooden bridge. The burning ships sank before they could set the bridge on fire, but the wooden construction was nonetheless weakened. On 6 February, rains caused the debris-filled river to overflow and the bridge supports to give way. The bridge gone, the northeast tower was now isolated with only twelve defenders inside. The
Vikings asked the twelve to surrender, but they refused and were all subsequently killed.
563:
523:
1556:
555:, and fire, but to no avail. Bishop Gozlin entered the fray with a bow and an axe. He planted a cross on the outer defences and exhorted the people. His brother Ebles also joined the fighting. The Vikings withdrew after the failed initial attacks and built a camp on the right side of the riverbank, using stone as construction material. While preparing for new attacks, the Vikings also started constructing additional
598:, Charles' chief man in Germany, marched to Paris. Weakened by marching during the winter, Henry's soldiers made only one abortive attack in February before retreating. The besieged forces sallied forth to obtain supplies. The morale of the besiegers was low and Sigfred asked for sixty pounds of silver. He left the siege in April. Another Viking leader,
559:. In a renewed assault, they shot a thousand grenades against the city, sent a ship for the bridge, and made a land attack with three groups. The forces surrounded the bridgehead tower, possibly mainly aiming to bring down the river obstacle. While they tried setting fire to the bridge, they also attacked the city itself with siege engines.
370:
despite days of intense attacks. The siege was maintained for months but without any significant assaults after the initial attack. As the siege continued, most of the
Vikings left Paris to pillage further upriver. The Vikings made a final unsuccessful attempt to take the city during the summer. In
493:
Vikings under
Sigfred and Sinric sailed towards West Francia again in 885, having raided the north-eastern parts of the country before. Sigfred demanded a bribe from Charles, but was refused, and promptly led 700 ships up the Seine, carrying perhaps as many as 30,000 or 40,000 men. The number, the
574:
For two months the
Vikings maintained the siege, making trenches and provisioning themselves off the land. In January 886 they tried to fill the river shallows with debris, plant matter, and the bodies of dead animals and dead prisoners to try to get around the tower. They continued this for two
494:
largest ever recorded for a Viking fleet in contemporary sources, originates from Abbo
Cernuus. Although an eyewitness, there is general agreement among historians that Abbo's numbers are "a gross exaggeration," with Abbo being "in a class of his own as an exaggerator." Historian
644:, descendants of Robert the Strong, held the crown and remained leading figures in West Francia. However, their rulership was highly fragmented as their authority was challenged by minor countships and castellanies. The princelings of West Francia elected Robert I's grandson,
498:
has instead put the number of ships at 300, and John Norris at "some 300." Although the Franks tried to block the
Vikings from sailing up the Seine, the Vikings eventually managed to reach Paris. Paris at this time was a town on an island, known today as
503:. Its strategic importance came from the ability to block ships' passage with its two low-lying footbridges, one of wood and one of stone. Not even the shallow Viking ships could pass Paris because of the bridges.
605:
That summer, the
Vikings made a final attempt to take the city but were repulsed. The imperial army arrived in October and scattered the Vikings. Charles encircled Rollo and his army and set up a camp at
534:
The
Vikings arrived in Paris on 24 or 25 November 885, initially asking for tribute from the Franks. When this was denied, they began a siege. On 26 November the Vikings attacked the northeast tower with
374:
To the frustration of the
Parisians who had fought to defend the city, Charles stopped short of attacking the Viking invaders. Instead, he allowed them to sail farther up the Seine to raid
384:(257 kg) of silver. Odo, highly critical of this, attempted to defy Charles' promises. When Charles died in 888, Odo was elected the first non-Carolingian king of the Franks.
551:. All Viking attacks that day were repulsed, and during the night the Parisians constructed another storey on the tower. On 27 November the Viking attack included mining,
236:
2486:
2666:
974:
One "livre d'estelin" or "livre de
Charlemagne", the standard used from c. 800 to c. 1350, is equivalent to 367.1 g (Zupko 1990, p. 346). Converted, 700
507:
prepared for the arrival of the Vikings by fortifying the bridgehead with two towers guarding each bridge. He was low on men, having no more than 200
202:
Initially 300–700 ships, 30,000–40,000 men (high-end, Abbo Cernuus); a majority sailed further upriver in February; Sigfred's contingent left in April
3104:
229:
3109:
222:
95:
632:
to leave the country. When Charles died in 888, the French elected Odo as their king. Odo's brother and son of Robert the Strong,
400:. They attacked Paris three more times in the 860s, leaving only when they had acquired sufficient loot or bribes. In 864, by the
3022:
2203:
3099:
1747:
362:, despite the fact he could assemble only several hundred soldiers to defend the city. The Vikings attacked with a variety of
1635:
1310:
1238:
1198:
1177:
1100:
1078:
1036:
1002:
693:
2987:
2982:
2841:
2581:
2351:
3094:
1683:
336:. It also proved for the Franks the strategic importance of Paris at a time when it also was one of the largest cities in
2158:
1640:
651:
The Viking invasion as well as further persistent raidings of the city destroyed much of the urban infrastructure on the
628:
The Parisians and Odo refused to let the Vikings down the Seine and the invaders had to drag their boats overland to the
1268:
1156:
1057:
1767:
1340:
1289:
1219:
1121:
3027:
594:. Odo successfully slipped some men through Norse lines to go to Italy and plead with Charles to come to their aid.
495:
477:'s empire. While it was thought that the Franks had gained an upper hand against the Vikings after the victory of
2300:
1783:
442:. He began fortifying the capital and fought the Norsemen continuously until his death in battle against them at
333:
20:
2977:
3134:
2551:
2173:
3129:
3058:
3012:
2897:
2771:
2188:
2163:
1742:
2376:
485:
in 881, in 885, a year after the succession of Charles, the Vikings launched their largest attack on Paris.
2877:
2872:
2436:
1630:
2867:
2371:
2063:
1958:
1535:
1088:
482:
271:
209:(Abbo Cernuus); gained reinforcements during the summer; Charles the Fat arrived with his army in October
2466:
2143:
1983:
296:
2711:
2243:
2213:
2098:
1838:
930:
610:. However, Charles had no intention of fighting. He allowed the Vikings to sail up the Seine to ravage
512:
174:
1211:
Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire
3053:
2716:
2088:
1762:
420:(also the Count of Paris), who controlled the lands between the Seine and Loire. Originally this was
2937:
3114:
2561:
2113:
2083:
2078:
1798:
1410:
2646:
1928:
3119:
3079:
2781:
2726:
2456:
2183:
2033:
1988:
1948:
291:
2912:
2756:
2406:
685:
2862:
2431:
2168:
1973:
1963:
1858:
1693:
614:, which was in revolt. When the Vikings withdrew from France the next spring, he gave them 700
595:
286:
2952:
2751:
1833:
412:, which served admirably in the siege of 885. The chief ruler in the region around Paris (the
2907:
2806:
2591:
2411:
1793:
1752:
1713:
1645:
1615:
1333:
1131:
548:
58:
2992:
2471:
2386:
2336:
3017:
2932:
2796:
2691:
2671:
2295:
2193:
2153:
2148:
2128:
2093:
2028:
1938:
1903:
1863:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1708:
1620:
443:
397:
354:
With hundreds of ships, and possibly tens of thousands of men, the Vikings arrived outside
261:
256:
2957:
2446:
1918:
8:
2962:
2857:
2776:
2541:
2396:
2123:
2073:
2053:
1993:
1953:
1878:
1730:
1587:
1302:
Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science
567:
500:
478:
409:
367:
54:
2972:
2566:
1943:
1495:
659:
were mostly spared from pillaging, with subsequent development favoring the Right Bank.
380:
2947:
2942:
2887:
2506:
2451:
2341:
2228:
2133:
2058:
2048:
1978:
1933:
1908:
1898:
1868:
1828:
1808:
1490:
1470:
678:
637:
633:
516:
178:
2636:
515:(the first "fighting bishop" in medieval literature), and had the aid of his brother,
3032:
2967:
2927:
2917:
2892:
2801:
2786:
2701:
2626:
2571:
2496:
2426:
2381:
2268:
2138:
2108:
2103:
2068:
2038:
2018:
2003:
1923:
1803:
1757:
1703:
1625:
1530:
1306:
1285:
1264:
1234:
1215:
1194:
1173:
1152:
1145:
1117:
1096:
1074:
1053:
1032:
1028:
Viking Attacks on Paris: The Bella Parisiacae Urbis of Abbo of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
998:
689:
652:
611:
421:
266:
2391:
2013:
925:
45:
2997:
2922:
2902:
2882:
2816:
2761:
2746:
2731:
2676:
2516:
2501:
2043:
2023:
2008:
1998:
1913:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1813:
1678:
1610:
1326:
458:
434:
401:
182:
37:
2461:
2346:
413:
3007:
2766:
2681:
2641:
2621:
2606:
2586:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2491:
2315:
2283:
2178:
1968:
1888:
1823:
1818:
1788:
1455:
1403:
1300:
1281:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
1279:
1249:
1209:
1188:
1167:
1111:
1068:
1047:
1026:
992:
466:
462:
325:
276:
190:
2821:
2741:
457:
West Francia suffered under a series of short-reigning kings after the death of
3124:
3048:
2661:
2631:
2248:
1662:
3073:
3002:
2836:
2416:
2305:
1460:
1445:
1398:
629:
556:
552:
504:
470:
447:
359:
170:
110:
97:
578:
The Vikings left a force around Paris, but many ventured further to pillage
3089:
3084:
2736:
2601:
2421:
2278:
1592:
1582:
1475:
1022:
439:
363:
348:
337:
321:
149:
89:
214:
2791:
2721:
2576:
2310:
2273:
2258:
2118:
1449:
1383:
1368:
656:
511:
available (also according to Abbo Cernuus), but led a joint defence with
508:
474:
329:
206:
2616:
620:(pounds) of silver as promised, amounting to approximately 257 kg.
2366:
2331:
1525:
1520:
645:
607:
562:
454:
continued to be fortified due to local, rather than royal, initiative.
341:
1435:
2811:
2686:
2656:
2441:
2223:
1545:
1465:
1420:
1388:
1147:
The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487
641:
396:
previously, they reached Paris for the first time in 845, eventually
405:
2596:
2556:
2288:
2263:
1735:
1657:
1577:
1515:
1510:
1440:
1430:
1425:
1373:
636:, was later elected king as well, in opposition to the Carolingian
583:
544:
540:
536:
429:
425:
375:
522:
2611:
2536:
2511:
2481:
2476:
2361:
1688:
1650:
1555:
1540:
1505:
1393:
1349:
579:
417:
393:
144:
1363:
2826:
2546:
2356:
2253:
2233:
1725:
1718:
1698:
1500:
587:
527:
313:
1378:
1261:
The Viking Siege of Paris: Longships raid the Seine, AD 885–86
2706:
2696:
2651:
1572:
1485:
1415:
599:
591:
451:
355:
317:
165:
85:
81:
655:, which eventually converted to agricultural use, while the
408:
and in Paris, where two were built, one on each side of the
358:
in late November 885, demanding tribute. This was denied by
2831:
2401:
2238:
1480:
340:. The siege is the subject of an eyewitness account in the
1318:
1021:
324:. The siege was the most important event of the reign of
1130:
1247:
378:(which was in revolt) and promised a payment of 700
1113:
Besieged: 100 Great Sieges from Jericho to Sarajevo
910:
908:
1277:
1144:
755:
753:
751:
677:
1305:, vol. 186, American Philosophical Society,
473:, became king, raising hopes of reunification of
404:, bridges were ordered built across the Seine at
3071:
1186:
1087:
905:
461:in 877. This situation prevailed until 884 when
371:October, Charles the Fat arrived with his army.
748:
16:Raid on the Seine in the Kingdom of West Franks
1334:
1143:Hooper, Nicholas A.; Bennet, Matthew (1996).
1070:"The" Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare
1066:
1045:
714:
712:
328:, and a turning point in the fortunes of the
230:
1258:
1228:
1142:
898:
896:
894:
892:
615:
51:Count Odo defends Paris against the Norsemen
952:
950:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
392:Although the Vikings had attacked parts of
244:
1341:
1327:
978:equals 257 kg (700 * .3671 = 256.97).
923:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
709:
675:
237:
223:
889:
852:
450:succeeded him, but royal power declined.
947:
861:
669:
561:
521:
3105:Sieges involving the Carolingian Empire
1207:
721:
3072:
1251:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
1322:
1298:
1109:
990:
986:
984:
218:
2204:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
1165:
566:Map of Paris in the 9th century (on
2159:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
684:. Oxford University Press. p.
13:
3023:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
2988:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
2983:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
2352:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
1015:
981:
640:. Throughout the 9th century, the
14:
3146:
3110:Military history of Île-de-France
1138:. Vol. 2. Oxford University.
1093:Communities and Warfare: 700-1400
1554:
44:
1116:. New York: Oxford University.
968:
959:
938:
917:
843:
834:
825:
816:
807:
798:
21:Siege of Paris (disambiguation)
19:For other sieges of Paris, see
2174:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
789:
780:
771:
762:
739:
1:
3100:Battles involving the Vikings
3059:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
3013:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
2189:Siege of Constantinople (860)
1299:Zupko, Ronald Edward (1990),
1248:Previté-Orton, C. W. (1955).
1136:A History of the Anglo-Saxons
662:
387:
72:25 November 885 – October 886
2978:Småland Runic Inscription 48
2878:Danish Runic Inscription 380
2873:Danish Runic Inscription 154
623:
549:mixture of hot wax and pitch
519:, two counts and a marquis.
366:but failed to break through
7:
3095:9th century in West Francia
2868:Danish Runic Inscription 66
2372:Birka female Viking warrior
2064:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
1348:
1278:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009).
997:. Penguin. pp. 34–35.
804:Previté-Orton (1955) p. 367
745:Hooper, Bennet (1996) p. 23
10:
3151:
2898:Gunnar's bridge runestones
2244:Viking Age arms and armour
2099:Battle of Strangford Lough
1839:Battle of Brentford (1016)
994:Paris: Biography of a City
931:World History Encyclopedia
547:. They were repulsed by a
322:Kingdom of the West Franks
18:
3054:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
3041:
3028:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
2850:
2717:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
2552:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
2324:
2212:
2089:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1776:
1671:
1601:
1563:
1552:
1356:
1187:Logan, F. Donald (1991).
312:of 885–886 was part of a
252:
196:
155:
138:
64:
43:
35:
30:
2562:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
2467:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
2301:Raid Warfare and Tactics
2144:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
2114:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
2084:Battle of Stamford (918)
2079:Battle of Stamford (894)
1984:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
1799:Battle of Anglesey Sound
1214:. Cambridge University.
1151:. Cambridge University.
1052:. Boydell & Brewer.
965:Logan (1991) pp. 131–132
680:A History of the Vikings
488:
31:Siege of Paris (885–886)
2782:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
2727:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
2457:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
2184:Siege of Chartres (911)
2034:Battle of Reading (871)
1989:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
1979:Battle of London Bridge
1949:Battle of Hingston Down
1208:MacLean, Simon (2003).
1166:Kohn, George C (2006).
1110:Davis, Paul K. (2001).
795:Brooks (2000) pp. 51–53
513:Gozlin, Bishop of Paris
246:Frankish–Viking battles
175:Gozlin, Bishop of Paris
53:, romantic painting by
2938:Norra Härene Runestone
2863:Baltic area runestones
2377:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
2164:Raids in the Rhineland
1974:Battle of Leuven (891)
1964:Battle of Islandbridge
1959:Battle of Hjörungavágr
1859:Battle of Cathair Cuan
1231:Medieval siege warfare
1190:The Vikings in history
1132:Hodgkin, Robert Howard
1067:Bradbury, Jim (2004).
1046:Bradbury, Jim (1992).
1031:. Peeters Publishers.
1025:(N. Dass ed.) (2007).
849:Bradbury (2004) p. 133
840:Davis (2001) pp. 53–54
831:Abbo, Dass (2007) p. 8
718:Davis (2001) pp. 53–55
616:
596:Henry, Count of Saxony
571:
531:
345:Bella Parisiacae urbis
156:Commanders and leaders
3135:River and lake piracy
2908:Hakon Jarl runestones
2807:Tryggvi the Pretender
2712:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
2647:Ohthere of Hålogaland
2592:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
2412:Eohric of East Anglia
2311:Svinfylking Formation
2119:Battle of Tarbat Ness
1929:Battle of Fýrisvellir
1794:First Battle of Alton
1263:. Osprey Publishing.
1259:Sheppard, Si (2022).
1229:Norris, John (2007).
991:Jones, Colin (2006).
944:Bradbury (1992) p. 46
926:"Odo of West Francia"
914:Bradbury (1992) p. 45
786:Hodgkin (1959) p. 741
759:Bradbury (1992) p. 43
565:
525:
59:Galerie des Batailles
3130:Viking Age in France
3018:Varangian runestones
2933:Lingsberg Runestones
2913:Hällestad Runestones
2797:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
2757:Styrbjörn the Strong
2692:Rognvald Eysteinsson
2672:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
2437:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
2407:Egill Skallagrímsson
2154:Burning of Luimneach
2129:Battle of Tettenhall
2094:Battle of Stiklestad
2029:Battle of Rastarkalv
1939:Battle of Hafrsfjord
1904:Battle of Englefield
1864:Battle of Chippenham
1854:Battle of Buttington
1849:Battle of Brunanburh
1844:Battle of Brissarthe
768:Tucker (2009) p. 226
297:Trans-la-Forêt (939)
2963:Sigtrygg Runestones
2953:Runestones of Högby
2858:Ballstorp Runestone
2842:Unn the Deep-Minded
2777:Thorfinn the Mighty
2772:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
2752:Steinunn Refsdóttir
2542:Hemming Halfdansson
2397:Bjorn the Easterner
2124:Battle of Tempsford
2074:Battle of Stainmore
2054:Battle of Rochester
1994:Battle of Mag Femen
1954:Battle of the Holme
1879:Battle of Corbridge
1834:Battle of Brávellir
1784:Tactics and warfare
1588:Viking ship replica
1095:. Hambledon Press.
902:Logan (1991) p. 131
858:Logan (1991) p. 130
822:Brooks (2000) p. 51
813:Norris (2007) p. 31
676:Gwyn Jones (2001).
505:Odo, Count of Paris
496:C. W. Previté-Orton
360:Odo, Count of Paris
171:Odo, Count of Paris
107: /
55:Jean-Victor Schnetz
2993:Sparlösa Runestone
2948:Runestones at Aspa
2943:Orkesta Runestones
2888:England runestones
2507:Halfdan Ragnarsson
2487:Hakon Rognvaldsson
2472:Gunnar Hámundarson
2452:Godfrid Haraldsson
2387:Bjarni Herjólfsson
2337:Amlaíb Cenncairech
2325:Historical figures
2229:Great Heathen Army
2217:and fortifications
2134:Battle of Thetford
2059:Battle of Sasireti
2049:Battle of Ringmere
1934:Battle of Glenmama
1909:Battle of Epiphany
1899:Battle of Edington
1869:Battle of Clontarf
1829:Battle of Benfleet
1809:Battle of Assandun
1646:L'Anse aux Meadows
1471:Old Norse religion
1169:Dictionary of Wars
1049:The Medieval siege
956:Davis (2001) p. 55
886:Davis (2001) p. 54
777:Kohn (2006) p. 588
736:Davis (2001) p. 53
638:Charles the Simple
634:Robert I of France
572:
532:
483:Battle of Saucourt
416:) was the duke of
3067:
3066:
3033:Viking runestones
2968:Simris Runestones
2958:Sædinge Runestone
2928:Karlevi Runestone
2918:Ingvar runestones
2893:Greece runestones
2802:Thorstein the Red
2787:Thorkell the Tall
2667:Ragnar Ragnarsson
2572:Ivar the Boneless
2497:Haakon Sigurdsson
2447:Garðar Svavarsson
2432:Eiríkr Hákonarson
2427:Eric I of Denmark
2382:Bjorn Asbrandsson
2269:Gjermundbu helmet
2139:Battle of Thimeon
2109:Battle of Sulcoit
2104:Battle of Svolder
2069:Battle of Skyhill
2039:Battle of Renfrew
2019:Battle of Norditi
2004:Battle of Meretun
1924:Battle of Fulford
1919:Battle of Florvåg
1804:Battle of Ashdown
1531:Viking runestones
1312:978-0-8716-9186-6
1240:978-0-7524-3592-3
1200:978-0-4150-8396-6
1179:978-0-8160-4157-2
1102:978-1-8528-5155-2
1080:978-0-4152-2126-9
1038:978-9-0429-1916-7
1004:978-0-14-028292-4
695:978-0-19-280134-0
422:Robert the Strong
334:history of France
305:
304:
213:
212:
134:
133:
3142:
2998:Stangeland stone
2973:Sjörup Runestone
2923:Italy runestones
2903:Hagby Runestones
2883:Egtved Runestone
2817:Valtoke Gormsson
2762:Sweyn Asleifsson
2747:Snorri Sturluson
2732:Sigurd the Stout
2677:Ragnall ua Imair
2567:Ingólfr Arnarson
2517:Harald Bluetooth
2502:Halfdan Long-Leg
2044:Battle of Remich
2024:Battle of Pinhoe
2009:Battle of Nesjar
1999:Battle of Maldon
1944:Battle of Helgeå
1914:Battle of Fitjar
1894:Battle of Dollar
1884:Battle of Cynwit
1874:Battle of Confey
1814:Battle of Basing
1679:Viking expansion
1611:North Sea Empire
1558:
1536:Viking Age trade
1411:Germanic deities
1343:
1336:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1295:
1274:
1255:
1244:
1225:
1204:
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1139:
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1089:Brooks, Nicholas
1084:
1063:
1042:
1009:
1008:
988:
979:
972:
966:
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945:
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936:
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924:Joshua J. Mark.
921:
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769:
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757:
746:
743:
737:
734:
719:
716:
707:
706:
704:
702:
683:
673:
619:
459:Charles the Bald
435:missus dominicus
402:Edict of Pistres
398:sacking the city
332:dynasty and the
262:Brissarthe (866)
247:
239:
232:
225:
216:
215:
187:
130:Frankish victory
122:
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119:
118:
117:
112:
111:48.854°N 2.347°E
108:
105:
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100:
66:
65:
48:
38:Viking expansion
28:
27:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3115:Sieges of Paris
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3037:
3008:Runestone U 582
2846:
2767:Sweyn Forkbeard
2682:Raud the Strong
2642:Orm Storolfsson
2637:Olof Skötkonung
2627:Olav Haraldsson
2622:Olaf Tryggvason
2607:Magnus Barefoot
2587:Ketill Flatnose
2532:Harald Wartooth
2527:Harald Hardrada
2522:Harald Fairhair
2492:Haakon the Good
2320:
2316:Varangian Guard
2216:
2208:
2179:Siege of Asselt
2169:Raid on Seville
1969:Battle of Largs
1889:Battle of Derby
1824:Battle of Bauds
1819:Battle of Barry
1789:Battle of Aclea
1772:
1667:
1603:
1597:
1565:
1559:
1550:
1456:Norse mythology
1404:Younger Futhark
1352:
1347:
1313:
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1271:
1241:
1222:
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1016:Further reading
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648:, king in 987.
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467:King of Germany
463:Charles the Fat
390:
326:Charles the Fat
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301:
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191:Charles the Fat
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179:Henry of Saxony
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49:
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3120:Medieval Paris
3117:
3112:
3107:
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3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3080:880s conflicts
3065:
3064:
3062:
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3056:
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3049:Viking revival
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2662:Ragnar Lodbrok
2659:
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2632:Olaf the White
2629:
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2199:Siege of Paris
2196:
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2149:Battle of York
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2016:
2014:Battle of Niså
2011:
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1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1270:978-1472845696
1269:
1256:
1254:. CUP Archive.
1245:
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1199:
1184:
1178:
1163:
1158:978-0521440493
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1059:978-0851153124
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568:Île de la Cité
553:battering rams
530:of the Vikings
501:Île de la Cité
490:
487:
410:Île de la Cité
389:
386:
368:the city walls
310:siege of Paris
303:
302:
300:
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292:Chartres (911)
289:
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282:Paris (885–86)
279:
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272:Saucourt (881)
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205:Initially 200
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3003:Stone of Eric
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2462:Grímur Kamban
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2194:Sack of Paris
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1399:Elder Futhark
1397:
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1221:0-521-81945-8
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1196:
1193:. Routledge.
1192:
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1123:0-19-521930-9
1119:
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1076:
1073:. Routledge.
1072:
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837:
828:
819:
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742:
733:
731:
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672:
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631:
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590:and into the
589:
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581:
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569:
564:
560:
558:
557:siege engines
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414:Île-de-France
411:
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364:siege engines
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267:Thimeon (880)
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116:48.854; 2.347
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63:
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52:
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42:
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26:
22:
2822:Vagn Åkesson
2742:Skalla-Grímr
2737:Sitric Caech
2602:Leif Erikson
2582:Ketilsdóttir
2422:Erik the Red
2214:Arms, armour
2198:
1604:and colonies
1593:Visby lenses
1583:Viking ships
1476:Raven banner
1301:
1284:. ABC-CLIO.
1280:
1260:
1250:
1230:
1210:
1189:
1172:. Infobase.
1168:
1146:
1135:
1112:
1092:
1069:
1048:
1027:
1023:Abbo Cernuus
993:
975:
970:
961:
940:
929:
919:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
741:
699:. Retrieved
679:
671:
650:
627:
604:
577:
573:
533:
492:
456:
440:Loire Valley
433:
391:
379:
373:
353:
349:Abbo Cernuus
344:
338:West Francia
316:raid on the
309:
307:
287:Leuven (891)
281:
277:Asselt (882)
184:
150:West Francia
139:Belligerents
90:West Francia
50:
36:Part of the
25:
2792:Thorir Hund
2722:Sigurd Ring
2577:Jomsvikings
2274:Yarm helmet
1709:Isle of Man
1663:Kievan Rus'
1496:Skíðblaðnir
1450:ship burial
1369:Brisingamen
509:men-at-arms
475:Charlemagne
330:Carolingian
257:Paris (845)
207:men-at-arms
114: /
3074:Categories
2851:Runestones
2367:Berle-Kari
2332:Airdeconut
1526:Viking art
1521:Viking Age
1233:. Tempus.
663:References
657:Right Bank
646:Hugh Capet
642:Robertians
608:Montmartre
465:, already
446:. His son
444:Brissarthe
388:Background
342:Latin poem
99:48°51′14″N
2812:Turgesius
2687:Reginheri
2657:Palnatoke
2442:Freygeirr
2224:Berserker
1748:Pomerania
1743:Rhineland
1672:Expansion
1621:Greenland
1602:Homelands
1546:Yggdrasil
1466:Old Norse
1421:Hnefatafl
1389:Einherjar
653:Left Bank
624:Aftermath
545:catapults
541:mangonels
537:ballistae
479:Louis III
320:, in the
102:2°20′49″E
84:, on the
2837:Uí Ímair
2617:Náttfari
2597:Lagertha
2557:Hvitserk
2289:Ingelrii
2284:Ulfberht
2264:Dane axe
1736:Normandy
1731:Brittany
1714:Scotland
1658:Jomsborg
1631:Shetland
1578:Longship
1516:Valkyrie
1511:Valhalla
1441:Norsemen
1431:Leysingi
1426:Holmgang
1374:Danegeld
1134:(1959).
1091:(2000).
701:28 April
612:Burgundy
584:Chartres
438:for the
430:Neustria
426:margrave
376:Burgundy
197:Strength
77:Location
57:(1837),
3042:Related
2612:Naddodd
2537:Hastein
2512:Hagrold
2482:Guthrum
2477:Guthred
2362:Bagsecg
2259:Skeggöx
2249:Halberd
1777:Battles
1753:Estonia
1689:Danelaw
1651:Vinland
1616:Iceland
1541:Wergeld
1506:Tyrfing
1491:Seeress
1436:Mjölnir
1394:Futhark
1357:Culture
1350:Vikings
580:Le Mans
528:barques
481:at the
418:Francia
394:Francia
185:†
161:Sigfred
145:Vikings
2827:Veborg
2547:Hervor
2357:Auisle
2254:Atgeir
2234:Hersir
1763:Dublin
1758:Iberia
1726:France
1719:Wessex
1699:Mercia
1694:Anglia
1501:Thrall
1309:
1288:
1267:
1237:
1218:
1197:
1176:
1155:
1120:
1099:
1077:
1056:
1035:
1001:
692:
617:livres
588:Evreux
543:, and
517:Robert
406:Pîtres
381:livres
314:Viking
181:
163:Sinric
127:Result
3125:Rollo
2707:Rusla
2702:Rorik
2697:Rollo
2652:Ottir
2279:Sword
1768:Italy
1573:Knarr
1564:Ships
1486:Skald
1481:Sagas
1416:Gothi
1384:Eddas
976:livre
630:Marne
600:Rollo
592:Loire
489:Siege
471:Italy
452:Paris
356:Paris
318:Seine
166:Rollo
86:Seine
82:Paris
2832:Ubba
2402:Cnut
2239:Hird
1704:York
1364:Blót
1307:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1265:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1174:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1075:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1033:ISBN
999:ISBN
703:2013
690:ISBN
526:The
469:and
432:and
308:The
69:Date
3090:886
3085:885
1379:Dís
686:225
448:Odo
428:of
347:of
3076::
983:^
949:^
928:.
907:^
891:^
863:^
750:^
723:^
711:^
688:.
586:,
582:,
539:,
424:,
351:.
88:,
1452:)
1448:(
1342:e
1335:t
1328:v
1294:.
1273:.
1243:.
1224:.
1203:.
1182:.
1161:.
1126:.
1105:.
1083:.
1062:.
1041:.
1007:.
934:.
705:.
570:)
238:e
231:t
224:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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