2801:
498:. While Ragnar showed the gold and silver he had acquired to Horik and boasted about how easy he thought the conquest of Paris had been, he reportedly collapsed crying while relating that the only resistance he had met was from the long deceased saint. As several of Ragnar's men died not long after, the king was so frightened that he ordered the execution of the survivors and the release of his Christian captives. This event, in part, led Horik to receive Archbishop
48:
403:
2789:
1264:
477:, demanding that the Danish king submit to Frankish overlordship and pay reparations for the invasion. Horik eventually agreed to the terms and requested a peace treaty with Louis, while also promising to return the treasure and captives from the raid. Horik most likely wanted to secure the border with
392:(near Paris) be destroyed—assembled an army which he divided into two parts, one for each side of the river. The Vikings attacked and defeated one of the divisions of the smaller Frankish army, took 111 of their men as prisoners and hanged them on an island on the Seine. This was done to honour the
440:
Although
Charles had been criticised severely for granting the large ransom payment to the Vikings, he had other more critical issues to deal with at the same time, including disputes with his brothers, regional revolts and disgruntled nobles, as well as pressure from abroad. Since he would have
383:
In March 845, a fleet of 120 Viking ships containing more than 5,000 men entered the Seine under the command of a chieftain named "Reginherus", or Ragnar. Ragnar has been identified with the legendary saga figure Ragnar
Lodbrok. Around 841, Reginherus was awarded land in
425:
Considering the
Vikings' earlier loss of land to Charles, the substantial payment may also have been regarded as some form of compensation to the Viking leader and the invasion itself as an act of revenge. This was the first of a total of thirteen payments of so-called
418:, and after first praying to the Norse gods, they undertook a fast, acting on the advice of one of their Christian prisoners, and the plague subsided. The Franks could not assemble an effective defence, and the Vikings withdrew only after being paid a ransom of 7,000
502:, "Apostle of the North", on friendly terms in his own kingdom. Vikings returned again and again in the 860s and secured loot or ransom but, in a turning point for the history of France, the city's walls held against the Vikings' greatest attacking force in the
388:, Flanders, by Charles the Bald, but he eventually lost the land as well as the favour of the King. Reginherus's Vikings raided Rouen on their way up the Seine in 845, and in response to the invasion, Charles—who was determined not to let the royal
432:
to Viking raiders by the Franks (the term is not expressly known to have been used at this point). While agreeing to withdraw from Paris, the Viking army pillaged several sites along the coast on the return voyage, including the
441:
trouble trusting his own counts to assemble and lead troops to defeat the large Viking force militarily, paying them off instead would buy
Charles time, and possibly peace from further Viking raids—at least in the near future.
489:
Although many
Vikings had died in the plague during the siege of Paris, Ragnar lived to return home to King Horik. According to a story originating from a member of Cobbo's embassy, Ragnar, having attacked the
485:
and domestic struggles. By the treaty, Louis demanded Horik's obedience, which was further secured by Horik regularly sending embassies and gifts to Louis and his suspension of support to Viking raiders.
351:
nobility for power and status. Like other nations adjacent to the Franks, the Danes were well informed about the political situation in France; in the 830s and early 840s they took advantage of the
343:
in 834. The attacks in 820 and 834 were unrelated and relatively minor; systematic raiding did not begin until the mid-830s, with the activity alternating between the two sides of the
414:
The
Vikings arrived in Paris on Easter Sunday, 29 March, entered the city and plundered it. During the siege, a plague broke out in their camp. The Norse had been exposed to the
178:
295:
assembled a smaller army in response but after the
Vikings defeated one division, comprising half of the army, the remaining forces retreated. The Vikings reached
2194:
2374:
715:, p. 166). One "livre d'estelin" or "livre de Charlemagne", the mass standard used in France from c. 800 to c. 1350, is equivalent to 367.1 g (
2871:
171:
2846:
352:
915:
A source book of mediæval history: documents illustrative of
European life and institutions from the German invasion to the renaissance
164:
2730:
1911:
2841:
1455:
1343:
997:
984:
963:
942:
882:
861:
840:
819:
798:
2695:
2690:
2549:
2289:
2059:
331:
to create a defence system along the northern coast in 810. The defence system repulsed a Viking attack at the mouth of the
2831:
1391:
1866:
1348:
2866:
491:
2881:
2836:
1475:
1048:
494:, then in the outskirts of medieval Paris and which Cobbo later visited, attributed the plague to the power of Saint
2735:
422:(French pounds) of silver and gold by Charles the Bald, amounting to approximately 2,570 kg (5,670 lb).
2008:
1491:
20:
2685:
2861:
2259:
1881:
2876:
2766:
2720:
2605:
2479:
1896:
1871:
1450:
2084:
2585:
2580:
1906:
223:
2144:
1338:
2575:
2079:
1771:
1666:
1243:
913:
503:
213:
2174:
1851:
1691:
238:
2779:
2419:
1951:
1921:
1806:
1546:
510:
2761:
2424:
1796:
1470:
2645:
2851:
2269:
1821:
1791:
1786:
1506:
1118:
335:
in 820 (after
Charlemagne's death) but failed to hold against renewed attacks of Danish Vikings in
2354:
1636:
2856:
2821:
2489:
2434:
2164:
1891:
1741:
1696:
1656:
482:
389:
323:
was first attacked by Viking raiders in 799 (ten years after the earliest-known Viking attack at
233:
56:
2620:
2464:
2114:
2570:
2139:
1876:
1681:
1671:
1566:
1401:
228:
2660:
2459:
1541:
2615:
2514:
2299:
2119:
1501:
1460:
1421:
1353:
1323:
1041:
434:
2700:
2179:
2094:
2044:
473:
sent a diplomatic mission, headed by Count Cobbo (one of two court counts), to the court of
2725:
2640:
2504:
2399:
2379:
2003:
1861:
1856:
1836:
1801:
1736:
1646:
1611:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1416:
1328:
465:
territory and to support the introduction of
Christianity to Scandinavia. In response, the
203:
2665:
2154:
1626:
8:
2670:
2565:
2484:
2249:
2104:
1831:
1781:
1761:
1701:
1661:
1586:
1438:
1295:
976:
Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science
407:
2680:
2274:
1651:
1203:
2805:
2655:
2650:
2595:
2214:
2159:
2049:
1936:
1841:
1766:
1756:
1686:
1641:
1616:
1606:
1576:
1536:
1516:
1198:
1178:
703:
415:
393:
2344:
268:
chieftain named "Reginherus", or Ragnar, who tentatively has been identified with the
2740:
2675:
2635:
2625:
2600:
2509:
2494:
2409:
2334:
2279:
2204:
2134:
2089:
1976:
1846:
1816:
1811:
1776:
1746:
1726:
1711:
1631:
1511:
1465:
1411:
1333:
1238:
980:
959:
938:
919:
900:
878:
857:
836:
815:
794:
208:
2099:
1721:
2705:
2630:
2610:
2590:
2524:
2469:
2454:
2439:
2384:
2224:
2209:
1751:
1731:
1716:
1706:
1621:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1521:
1386:
1318:
1034:
495:
470:
324:
304:
292:
139:
39:
2169:
2054:
974:
2715:
2474:
2389:
2349:
2329:
2314:
2294:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2199:
2023:
1991:
1886:
1676:
1596:
1531:
1526:
1496:
1163:
1111:
953:
932:
872:
851:
830:
809:
788:
478:
458:
454:
344:
218:
2529:
2449:
2756:
2369:
2339:
1956:
1370:
273:
269:
133:
2815:
2793:
2710:
2544:
2124:
2013:
1168:
1153:
1106:
1012:
999:
923:
904:
517:
because of the siege, but it relocated to Paris after the siege was lifted.
2826:
2800:
2444:
2309:
2129:
1986:
1300:
1290:
1183:
708:
466:
308:
261:
120:
85:
16:
First siege of the Vikings to the capital of the kingdom of the West Franks
955:
Norse warfare: The Unconventional Battle Strategies of the Ancient Vikings
811:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict Under Louis the German, 817–876
156:
2499:
2429:
2284:
2018:
1981:
1966:
1826:
1157:
1091:
1076:
892:
360:
348:
328:
277:
2324:
47:
2074:
2039:
1233:
1228:
402:
1143:
2519:
2394:
2364:
2149:
1931:
1253:
1173:
1128:
1096:
368:
769:
A Sacred Kingdom: Bishops and the Rise of Frankish Kingship, 300–850
2304:
2264:
1996:
1971:
1443:
1365:
1285:
1223:
1218:
1148:
1138:
1133:
1081:
428:
340:
265:
2319:
2244:
2219:
2189:
2184:
2069:
1396:
1358:
1263:
1248:
1213:
1101:
1057:
474:
450:
385:
356:
320:
110:
1071:
399:, as well as to incite terror in the remaining Frankish forces.
2534:
2254:
2064:
1961:
1941:
1433:
1426:
1406:
1208:
499:
462:
372:
336:
300:
288:
257:
1086:
406:
Map of Paris in the 9th century. The city was concentrated on
2414:
2404:
2359:
1280:
1193:
1123:
514:
364:
332:
296:
281:
114:
81:
2539:
2109:
1946:
1188:
396:
1026:
750:
748:
746:
744:
580:
303:. They plundered and occupied the city, withdrawing after
570:
568:
566:
564:
771:, Catholic University of America Press, pp. 362–363
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
741:
731:
729:
673:
671:
669:
667:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
561:
2777:
641:
629:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
726:
683:
790:
Carolingian Portraits: A Study in the Ninth Century
664:
617:
592:
549:
526:
347:. Viking raids were often part of struggles among
979:. Vol. 186. American Philosophical Society.
453:, which had been elevated to an archbishopric by
2813:
766:
52:A Viking siege of Paris, 19th-century portrayal
835:(in German). Vol. 20. Walter de Gruyter.
280:, carrying thousands of warriors, entered the
1042:
899:. Vol. III. Cambridge University Press.
172:
832:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
186:
1049:
1035:
179:
165:
828:
754:
807:
586:
574:
401:
2872:Sieges involving the Carolingian Empire
951:
829:Hoops, Johanne; Beck, Heinrich (2002).
786:
658:
635:
2814:
930:
677:
623:
1030:
972:
891:
849:
735:
723:equals 2570 kg (7000 × .3671=2569.7).
716:
689:
611:
555:
449:The same year, a Viking fleet sacked
378:
160:
1912:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
870:
701:According to a contemporary source,
543:
1867:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
911:
760:
712:
59:here depicted did not exist in 845.
13:
2731:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
2696:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
2691:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
2060:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
934:Illustrated History of the Vikings
284:in March and sailed up the river.
264:. The Viking forces were led by a
151:120 ships, with at least 4,000 men
14:
2893:
2847:Military history of Île-de-France
719:, p. 346). Converted, 7,000
481:as he faced a conflict with King
2799:
2787:
1262:
299:at the end of the month, during
256:of 845 was the culmination of a
46:
695:
492:Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
72:845, siege began on 28/29 March
21:Siege of Paris (disambiguation)
19:For other sieges of Paris, see
1882:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
897:The Cambridge Medieval History
808:Goldberg, Eric Joseph (2006).
1:
2842:Battles involving the Vikings
2767:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
2721:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
1897:Siege of Constantinople (860)
973:Zupko, Ronald Edward (1990).
520:
367:(on the Seine) in 841 and in
314:
2686:Småland Runic Inscription 48
2586:Danish Runic Inscription 380
2581:Danish Runic Inscription 154
457:in 831 on the initiative of
444:
355:. Large raids took place in
276:. Reginherus's fleet of 120
7:
2832:9th century in West Francia
2576:Danish Runic Inscription 66
2080:Birka female Viking warrior
1772:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
1056:
787:Duckett, Eleanor S (1988).
134:Ragnar 'Lodbrok' Sigurdsson
10:
2898:
2606:Gunnar's bridge runestones
1952:Viking Age arms and armour
1807:Battle of Strangford Lough
1547:Battle of Brentford (1016)
793:. University of Michigan.
779:
18:
2867:Sieges of the Middle Ages
2762:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
2749:
2736:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
2558:
2425:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
2260:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
2032:
1920:
1797:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1484:
1379:
1309:
1271:
1260:
1064:
952:Sprague, Martina (2007).
767:Michael E. Moore (2011),
513:was forced to convene at
410:, an island in the Seine.
327:, in England), which led
194:
150:
145:
126:
104:
64:
45:
37:
32:
2882:Battles involving Norway
2837:Battles involving France
2270:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
2175:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
2009:Raid Warfare and Tactics
1852:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
1822:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
1792:Battle of Stamford (918)
1787:Battle of Stamford (894)
1692:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
1507:Battle of Anglesey Sound
853:A History of the Vikings
2490:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
2435:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
2165:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
1892:Siege of Chartres (911)
1742:Battle of Reading (871)
1697:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
1687:Battle of London Bridge
1657:Battle of Hingston Down
871:Kohn, George C (2006).
504:siege of Paris (885–86)
307:paid a ransom of 7,000
188:Frankish–Viking battles
2646:Norra Härene Runestone
2571:Baltic area runestones
2085:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
1872:Raids in the Rhineland
1682:Battle of Leuven (891)
1672:Battle of Islandbridge
1667:Battle of Hjörungavágr
1567:Battle of Cathair Cuan
814:. Cornell University.
411:
127:Commanders and leaders
2862:River and lake piracy
2616:Hakon Jarl runestones
2515:Tryggvi the Pretender
2420:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
2355:Ohthere of Hålogaland
2300:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
2120:Eohric of East Anglia
2019:Svinfylking Formation
1827:Battle of Tarbat Ness
1637:Battle of Fýrisvellir
1502:First Battle of Alton
937:. Oxford University.
856:. Oxford University.
755:Hoops & Beck 2002
435:Abbey of Saint Bertin
405:
132:Reginherus (possibly
2877:Viking Age in France
2726:Varangian runestones
2641:Lingsberg Runestones
2621:Hällestad Runestones
2505:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
2465:Styrbjörn the Strong
2400:Rognvald Eysteinsson
2380:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
2145:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
2115:Egill Skallagrímsson
1862:Burning of Luimneach
1837:Battle of Tettenhall
1802:Battle of Stiklestad
1737:Battle of Rastarkalv
1647:Battle of Hafrsfjord
1612:Battle of Englefield
1572:Battle of Chippenham
1562:Battle of Buttington
1557:Battle of Brunanburh
1552:Battle of Brissarthe
1013:48.85472°N 2.34750°E
918:. American Book Co.
850:Jones, Gwyn (2001).
707:, the sum was 7,000
390:Abbey of Saint-Denis
311:in gold and silver.
239:Trans-la-Forêt (939)
2671:Sigtrygg Runestones
2661:Runestones of Högby
2566:Ballstorp Runestone
2550:Unn the Deep-Minded
2485:Thorfinn the Mighty
2480:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
2460:Steinunn Refsdóttir
2250:Hemming Halfdansson
2105:Bjorn the Easterner
1832:Battle of Tempsford
1782:Battle of Stainmore
1762:Battle of Rochester
1702:Battle of Mag Femen
1662:Battle of the Holme
1587:Battle of Corbridge
1542:Battle of Brávellir
1492:Tactics and warfare
1296:Viking ship replica
1009: /
931:Sawyer, PH (2001).
589:, pp. 133–134.
353:Frankish civil wars
2701:Sparlösa Runestone
2656:Runestones at Aspa
2651:Orkesta Runestones
2596:England runestones
2215:Halfdan Ragnarsson
2195:Hakon Rognvaldsson
2180:Gunnar Hámundarson
2160:Godfrid Haraldsson
2095:Bjarni Herjólfsson
2045:Amlaíb Cenncairech
2033:Historical figures
1937:Great Heathen Army
1925:and fortifications
1842:Battle of Thetford
1767:Battle of Sasireti
1757:Battle of Ringmere
1642:Battle of Glenmama
1617:Battle of Epiphany
1607:Battle of Edington
1577:Battle of Clontarf
1537:Battle of Benfleet
1517:Battle of Assandun
1354:L'Anse aux Meadows
1179:Old Norse religion
874:Dictionary of Wars
704:Annales Bertiniani
416:Christian religion
412:
379:Invasion and siege
2775:
2774:
2741:Viking runestones
2676:Simris Runestones
2666:Sædinge Runestone
2636:Karlevi Runestone
2626:Ingvar runestones
2601:Greece runestones
2510:Thorstein the Red
2495:Thorkell the Tall
2375:Ragnar Ragnarsson
2280:Ivar the Boneless
2205:Haakon Sigurdsson
2155:Garðar Svavarsson
2140:Eiríkr Hákonarson
2135:Eric I of Denmark
2090:Bjorn Asbrandsson
1977:Gjermundbu helmet
1847:Battle of Thimeon
1817:Battle of Sulcoit
1812:Battle of Svolder
1777:Battle of Skyhill
1747:Battle of Renfrew
1727:Battle of Norditi
1712:Battle of Meretun
1632:Battle of Fulford
1627:Battle of Florvåg
1512:Battle of Ashdown
1239:Viking runestones
1018:48.85472; 2.34750
986:978-0-87169-186-6
965:978-0-7818-1176-7
944:978-0-19-285434-6
884:978-1-4381-2916-7
863:978-0-19-280134-0
842:978-3-11-017164-8
821:978-0-8014-3890-5
800:978-0-472-06157-0
247:
246:
155:
154:
100:
99:
60:
2889:
2804:
2803:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2706:Stangeland stone
2681:Sjörup Runestone
2631:Italy runestones
2611:Hagby Runestones
2591:Egtved Runestone
2525:Valtoke Gormsson
2470:Sweyn Asleifsson
2455:Snorri Sturluson
2440:Sigurd the Stout
2385:Ragnall ua Imair
2275:Ingólfr Arnarson
2225:Harald Bluetooth
2210:Halfdan Long-Leg
1752:Battle of Remich
1732:Battle of Pinhoe
1717:Battle of Nesjar
1707:Battle of Maldon
1652:Battle of Helgeå
1622:Battle of Fitjar
1602:Battle of Dollar
1592:Battle of Cynwit
1582:Battle of Confey
1522:Battle of Basing
1387:Viking expansion
1319:North Sea Empire
1266:
1244:Viking Age trade
1119:Germanic deities
1051:
1044:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
990:
969:
948:
927:
912:Ogg, FA (1908).
908:
888:
867:
846:
825:
804:
774:
772:
764:
758:
752:
739:
733:
724:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
662:
656:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
590:
584:
578:
572:
559:
553:
547:
541:
496:Germain of Paris
471:Louis the German
325:Portland, Dorset
305:Charles the Bald
293:Charles the Bald
204:Brissarthe (866)
189:
181:
174:
167:
158:
157:
140:Charles the Bald
66:
65:
54:
50:
40:Viking expansion
30:
29:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2852:Sieges of Paris
2812:
2811:
2810:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2745:
2716:Runestone U 582
2554:
2475:Sweyn Forkbeard
2390:Raud the Strong
2350:Orm Storolfsson
2345:Olof Skötkonung
2335:Olav Haraldsson
2330:Olaf Tryggvason
2315:Magnus Barefoot
2295:Ketill Flatnose
2240:Harald Wartooth
2235:Harald Hardrada
2230:Harald Fairhair
2200:Haakon the Good
2028:
2024:Varangian Guard
1924:
1916:
1887:Siege of Asselt
1877:Raid on Seville
1677:Battle of Largs
1597:Battle of Derby
1532:Battle of Bauds
1527:Battle of Barry
1497:Battle of Aclea
1480:
1375:
1311:
1305:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1164:Norse mythology
1112:Younger Futhark
1060:
1055:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
998:
996:
995:
993:
987:
966:
945:
885:
864:
843:
822:
801:
782:
777:
765:
761:
753:
742:
734:
727:
700:
696:
688:
684:
676:
665:
657:
642:
634:
630:
622:
618:
610:
593:
585:
581:
573:
562:
554:
550:
542:
527:
523:
461:to oversee the
459:Louis the Pious
455:Pope Gregory IV
447:
381:
345:English Channel
321:Frankish Empire
317:
250:
249:
248:
243:
190:
187:
185:
88:
53:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Ragnar Lodbrok
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:840s conflicts
2809:
2808:
2796:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Viking revival
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Ragnar Lodbrok
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:Olaf the White
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2100:Björn Ironside
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1907:Siege of Paris
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1857:Battle of York
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:Battle of Niså
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Orkney Islands
1331:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1274:and navigation
1269:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1031:
992:
991:
985:
970:
964:
958:. Hippocrene.
949:
943:
928:
909:
889:
883:
868:
862:
847:
841:
826:
820:
805:
799:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:
759:
740:
738:, p. 213.
725:
694:
692:, p. 330.
682:
663:
661:, p. 181.
640:
638:, p. 225.
628:
616:
614:, p. 212.
591:
579:
577:, p. 134.
560:
558:, p. 210.
548:
546:, p. 588.
524:
522:
519:
511:synod of Paris
483:Olof of Sweden
446:
443:
408:Île de la Cité
380:
377:
316:
313:
274:Ragnar Lodbrok
270:legendary saga
254:siege of Paris
245:
244:
242:
241:
236:
234:Chartres (911)
231:
226:
224:Paris (885–86)
221:
216:
214:Saucourt (881)
211:
206:
201:
195:
192:
191:
184:
183:
176:
169:
161:
153:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
137:
129:
128:
124:
123:
118:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:Viking victory
94:
90:
89:
80:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
43:
42:
35:
34:
33:Siege of Paris
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2894:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:Stone of Eric
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Grímur Kamban
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Eric Bloodaxe
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:Amlaíb Conung
2053:
2051:
2050:Amlaíb Cuarán
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Shield-maiden
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:Ring Fortress
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Sack of Paris
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:British Isles
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:North America
1347:
1345:
1344:Faroe Islands
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Norse rituals
1167:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:Norse funeral
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:Elder Futhark
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
988:
982:
978:
977:
971:
967:
961:
957:
956:
950:
946:
940:
936:
935:
929:
925:
921:
917:
916:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
880:
876:
875:
869:
865:
859:
855:
854:
848:
844:
838:
834:
833:
827:
823:
817:
813:
812:
806:
802:
796:
792:
791:
785:
784:
770:
763:
757:, p. 90.
756:
751:
749:
747:
745:
737:
732:
730:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:French livres
706:
705:
698:
691:
686:
680:, p. 40.
679:
674:
672:
670:
668:
660:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
637:
632:
626:, p. 39.
625:
620:
613:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
588:
587:Goldberg 2006
583:
576:
575:Goldberg 2006
571:
569:
567:
565:
557:
552:
545:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
525:
518:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
442:
438:
436:
431:
430:
423:
421:
417:
409:
404:
400:
398:
395:
391:
387:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
312:
310:
309:French livres
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
209:Thimeon (880)
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
193:
182:
177:
175:
170:
168:
163:
162:
159:
149:
144:
141:
138:
135:
131:
130:
125:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
108:
103:
95:
92:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
58:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2530:Vagn Åkesson
2450:Skalla-Grímr
2445:Sitric Caech
2310:Leif Erikson
2290:Ketilsdóttir
2130:Erik the Red
1922:Arms, armour
1901:
1312:and colonies
1301:Visby lenses
1291:Viking ships
1184:Raven banner
994:
975:
954:
933:
914:
896:
893:Mawer, Allen
877:. Infobase.
873:
852:
831:
810:
789:
768:
762:
720:
702:
697:
685:
659:Duckett 1988
636:Sprague 2007
631:
619:
582:
551:
508:
488:
448:
439:
427:
424:
419:
413:
382:
349:Scandinavian
318:
286:
278:Viking ships
262:West Francia
260:invasion of
253:
251:
229:Leuven (891)
219:Asselt (882)
198:
121:West Francia
105:Belligerents
86:West Francia
38:Part of the
25:
2806:Middle Ages
2500:Thorir Hund
2430:Sigurd Ring
2285:Jomsvikings
1982:Yarm helmet
1417:Isle of Man
1371:Kievan Rus'
1204:Skíðblaðnir
1158:ship burial
1077:Brisingamen
1016: /
678:Sawyer 2001
624:Sawyer 2001
363:in 836, in
361:Noirmoutier
329:Charlemagne
199:Paris (845)
2816:Categories
2559:Runestones
2075:Berle-Kari
2040:Airdeconut
1234:Viking art
1229:Viking Age
1004:02°20′51″E
1001:48°51′17″N
736:Jones 2001
717:Zupko 1990
690:Mawer 1922
612:Jones 2001
556:Jones 2001
521:References
315:Background
272:character
55:note: The
2520:Turgesius
2395:Reginheri
2365:Palnatoke
2150:Freygeirr
1932:Berserker
1456:Pomerania
1451:Rhineland
1380:Expansion
1329:Greenland
1310:Homelands
1254:Yggdrasil
1174:Old Norse
1129:Hnefatafl
1097:Einherjar
924:774441936
905:489937746
544:Kohn 2006
445:Aftermath
394:Norse god
369:Quentovic
2545:Uí Ímair
2325:Náttfari
2305:Lagertha
2265:Hvitserk
1997:Ingelrii
1992:Ulfberht
1972:Dane axe
1444:Normandy
1439:Brittany
1422:Scotland
1366:Jomsborg
1339:Shetland
1286:Longship
1224:Valkyrie
1219:Valhalla
1149:Norsemen
1139:Leysingi
1134:Holmgang
1082:Danegeld
895:(1922).
713:Ogg 1908
467:Frankish
429:danegeld
375:in 842.
341:Dorestad
289:Frankish
146:Strength
113:(mainly
77:Location
57:ramparts
2780:Portals
2750:Related
2320:Naddodd
2245:Hastein
2220:Hagrold
2190:Guthrum
2185:Guthred
2070:Bagsecg
1967:Skeggöx
1957:Halberd
1485:Battles
1461:Estonia
1397:Danelaw
1359:Vinland
1324:Iceland
1249:Wergeld
1214:Tyrfing
1199:Seeress
1144:Mjölnir
1102:Futhark
1065:Culture
1058:Vikings
780:Sources
451:Hamburg
386:Turholt
357:Antwerp
111:Vikings
2794:France
2535:Veborg
2255:Hervor
2065:Auisle
1962:Atgeir
1942:Hersir
1471:Dublin
1466:Iberia
1434:France
1427:Wessex
1407:Mercia
1402:Anglia
1209:Thrall
983:
962:
941:
922:
903:
881:
860:
839:
818:
797:
721:livres
500:Ansgar
479:Saxony
420:livres
373:Nantes
337:Frisia
301:Easter
258:Viking
93:Result
2415:Rusla
2410:Rorik
2405:Rollo
2360:Ottir
1987:Sword
1476:Italy
1281:Knarr
1272:Ships
1194:Skald
1189:Sagas
1124:Gothi
1092:Eddas
515:Meaux
475:Horik
469:king
463:Saxon
365:Rouen
333:Seine
297:Paris
291:king
282:Seine
266:Norse
115:Danes
82:Paris
2540:Ubba
2110:Cnut
1947:Hird
1412:York
1072:Blót
981:ISBN
960:ISBN
939:ISBN
920:OCLC
901:OCLC
879:ISBN
858:ISBN
837:ISBN
816:ISBN
795:ISBN
509:The
397:Odin
371:and
359:and
339:and
319:The
287:The
252:The
69:Date
2827:845
1087:Dís
2818::
743:^
728:^
666:^
643:^
594:^
563:^
528:^
506:.
437:.
84:,
2782::
1160:)
1156:(
1050:e
1043:t
1036:v
989:.
968:.
947:.
926:.
907:.
887:.
866:.
845:.
824:.
803:.
773:.
711:(
180:e
173:t
166:v
136:)
117:)
23:.
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