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Pest and Outer
Szolnok. Know ye that the treacherous lying nobility have risen up violently against us and against all the crusading armies preparing for holy war, to persecute and exterminate us. Therefore, under the penalty of banishment and eternal damnation, not to mention the death penalty and the loss of all your goods, we strictly enjoin and order you, that immediately after receiving this letter, without delay or excuse, you hasten here to the city of Cegléd, so that you, the blessed simple people, strengthened in the covenant sanctified by you, nobles must be limited, restrained, and destroyed. If not, you will not escape the punishment of the nobles intended for you. What’s more, we ordinary commoners suspend and hang nobles on their own gates, hang on skewers, destroy their property, tear down their houses, and kill their wives and children in the midst of the greatest possible torture
70:
973:. He was captured after the battle, and condemned to sit on a smouldering, heated iron throne, and forced to wear a heated iron crown and sceptre (mocking his ambition to be king). While he was suffering, a procession of nine fellow rebels who had been starved beforehand were led to this throne. In the lead was Dózsa's younger brother, Gergely, who was cut in three despite Dózsa asking for Gergely to be spared. Next, executioners removed some pliers from a fire and forced them into Dózsa's skin. After tearing his flesh, the remaining rebels were ordered to bite spots where the hot pliers had been inserted and to swallow the flesh. The three or four who refused were simply cut up, prompting the others to comply. In the end, Dózsa died from the ordeal, while the rebels who obeyed were released and left alone.
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leading lords of the country; he would also need to be liked well enough by peasants and possess some military experience. According to Márki, these were the reasons for the
Archbishop entering talks with Dózsa, who had recent experience fighting against the Ottomans, and appointed him commander on 24 April. However, there is no mention of Dózsa in contemporary sources before 3 June 1514, and no proof that he was ever appointed to command the crusaders camping around Pest. More recent scholarship suggests that at this early time, a man named Menyhért was in charge, Dózsa only taking control when the displeased peasants became violent. Contemporary diplomatic reports named a Melchior Bannser/Banckwr/Vanser/Vanbosor as commander of the camp, who was probably a German or Czech
774:, Dózsa and his co-elected senior fellows wanted to change the church and the political system fundamentally. They aimed to have a single elected bishop for the entire country and to make all priests equal in rank. They also wanted to abolish the nobility and distribute the lands of the nobility and the Catholic Church equally among the peasants. They decided that there should be only two orders: the city burgeroise (merchants and craftsmen) and the peasants, and they also wanted to abolish the kingdom as a form of government. Dózsa himself only wanted to be the warlord and representative of the people: subordinating himself in everything to the decisions of the people.
645:, had been present in Hungary for decades, and many of the volunteers had social and political goals in mind when joining the crusade. Franciscans organised 'gatherings' in many parts of the country which worried lords. The friars and their supporters urged peasants to deny the rents and taxes due to the king and to landlords, and declared general disobedience to superiors. There were calls for violence against tax collectors and officials. Tensions reached the point of open revolt before 15 May 1514, but on the 20th at the latest, and Bakócz was warned some days before the 15th about attacks against
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721:, and later on he stopped the whole campaign. However, György Dózsa, his brother Gergely Dózsa and several Franciscan friars, headed by the priest Lőrinc, disobeyed the order to stop the recruitment. From then on, the crusaders labelled the nobles and the king himself as pro-Ottoman traitors. After that, the peasant armies regarded the defeat of the nobility and the king as a prerequisite for victory in their crusade against the Ottoman Empire.
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378:. The document requests that he be punished and removed in order to preserve the community's peace. However, it remains unclear whether this case concerns Dózsa or another man of a similar name. Family tradition recounted by Márki holds that Dózsa was a 'tall, strong' man with curly brown hair and of exceptional physical strength, but there are no contemporaneous depictions or descriptions of him.
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496:'Without any hope of measurable gain, why should we quarrel with each other? For what loot could we take from your plain, which has been ruined by continuous war anyways? ould it not be better if rather we fought war's glory? If, then, Hungarians, any of you wish to distinguish himself and has some little courage: let him stand in the middle and duel with me alone!'
254:(today Ghindari, Romania) and was therefore from the Dózsa family belonging to the Szovát branch of the Örlőcz clan. This has since been questioned, as variants of the family name Dózsa were 'quite common' at the time in Transylvania. Márki suggested a family tree starting with András Dózsa in the beginning of the 15th century who lived in
355:, who extorted rents and taxes by torture and intimidation. Many Székelys fled the country, and Báthory's actions eventually prompted a successful revolt to replace him in December 1492. Even afterwards, the period that was probably Dózsa's youth and early adulthood was punctuated with revolts and rebellions, the most violent in 1506.
839:, Serbs from the South, and there may have been Germans, but the latter were very few in number. After the news spread about Dózsa's first victories, peasant riots took place in most places in the country, in which peasants of other nationalities, such as Slovaks, Germans, Croats, Slovenes or Serbs, also took part.
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from him, and threatened to join the
Ottomans. The court feared that Dózsa could open Nándorfehérvár to the enemy, and bought his loyalty with two hundred gold coins and two horses in golden and silver tacks. However, Márki does not believe that this happened, as the court would have had no reason to
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gathered slowly: only three hundred people were in the camp by 24 April. A contemporary source claims that Dózsa went to Bakócz 'extraordinarily upset', asking to be appointed leader of the crusade in order to protect the peasants from exploitation. The chronicler gives the explanation that Dózsa in
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of his family was also renewed (or given to him to ennoble him, as it is unclear whether his ancestors had been nobles) and a bleeding, cut-off arm holding a sword was included on it. Based on the crimson robes embroidered with gold and golden chain given to him, Márki claims that Dózsa was rewarded
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Laurence Mészáros (Lőrinc Mészáros), a
Franciscan friar and parish priest of Cegléd, who in his proclamation, the Pope, II. In the name of King Vladislaus and the legate, he promised the forgiveness of all sins and otherworldly punishment to those who go to the crusade, help it and take care of its
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with a letter of recommendation from his commander, others that he was summoned by the royal court. He perhaps took Ali's right arm there as proof of his victory. One source claims that Dózsa committed a crime before arriving at court. He is suggested to have been rewarded with a large sum of money
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Dózsa had a younger brother, Gergely Dózsa (Gregory Dózsa), who would be executed alongside him. Contemporary sources attest that Dózsa's father had had four sons; besides György and
Gergely, they have been names as János, Lukács, and Menyhért. As Lukács is usually credited with the acts attributed
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rank (as Márki stipulated the Dózsas were) depended on their land for their place in the economic and social hierarchy, which limited their mobility by making them reluctant to sell or exchange their lands (although they did do so at times). Therefore, he considers it unproven that the György Dózsa
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The often biased historiography of the nobility later often claimed that the memory of György Dózsa served as a role model for other great peasant uprisings on the territory of the
Hungarian crown, such as the revolt of Jovan of Czerni, which took place barely twelve years after the Dózsa War, and
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I, George Dózsa, the mighty champion valiant, head and captain of the blessed people of the
Crusaders, only King of Hungary - but not subject of the Lords - individually and collectively send you our greetings! To all the cities, market towns, and villages of Hungary, especially in the counties of
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The volunteers became increasingly angry at the failure of the nobility to provide military leadership (the original and primary function of the nobility and the justification for its higher status in the society.) The rebellious, anti-landlord sentiment of these "Crusaders" became apparent during
449:
Dózsa's desire for glory was growing, and his fellow soldiers tried in vain to dissuade him from challenging the feared
Ottoman champion to a duel. According to legend, Dózsa was incensed by Ali insulting the Hungarians and also wanted to take his 'magnificent horse' for himself. In the popular
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Choosing a commander was a problem for the crusade: the lords 'scorned' at the commons, and none of them were popular enough. Bakócz needed to find someone who was of noble origins (to uphold the notion that armies should be led by nobles), but not powerful enough to arouse the jealousy of the
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for its own protection and go against them with as large an army as possible, considering that foreign aid was unlikely. The treasurer, István
Telegdy thought that it would be wiser not to recruit commoners: a large number of missing peasants would be devastating for the country's
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Variations include
Gerogius Siculus, Sechel Giorgi, Cecol Giorgio, Zecheel, Zechelius, Zeglius, Georgius quidam Ceculus, Zekel, Georgius Zékel, Sekel, Scytha, Zeck, Seggius, Zeckel, Zechel, Zeel, or even Zäfkl' Jörg. He was named Dózsa (Georgio Doscha Ciculo) in 1571 at the
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in 1513–1514, but Pataki disputes this. Márki claims that the family still had members in 1913, descending from Ádám Dózsa, György Dózsa's uncle. However, Pataki found no record of people named Dózsa living in or near Dálnok in the 1602 or the more extensive 1614
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captain. During the upheaval of the peasant revolt, this Melchior or Menyhért and Dózsa were often mixed up in reports and it is unclear what actions pertained to which one of them in the early weeks of the crusade and developing revolt.
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fact wanted to use the peasant army to take vengeance on the lords for withholdding two hundred gold coins of rewards from him. For the time at least, he was not named leader, and the story of him asking for command is an improbable one.
701:, and by the time he had provided them with some military training, they began to air the grievances of their status. No measures had been taken to supply these voluntary crusaders with food or clothing. As harvest-time approached, the
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had been noted among Hungarian Franciscans for decades. Superiors were concerned with a tendency of monks to question authority on the basis that they only owed obedience to God, and with young friars giving lengthy speeches based on
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became the ideologues of the uprising. With their help, Dózsa effectively threatened to excommunicate the religiously minded peasant-soldiers in his army if they betrayed their "holy crusader movement" and their "just" social goals.
462:-covered right hand 'in one '. He then killed him. Although there is no decisive proof of how the duel happened, it seems to have been considered important: King Vladislaus rewarded Dózsa with a noble title, a village, and a
235:, he was probably in his forties or fifties at the time of his execution and thus must have been born around 1470. Nothing more specific is known of his ancestry, family, or early life. His birthplace has been suggested as
1036:. According to the legend, during György Dózsa's torture, some friars saw in his ear the image of Mary. The first statue was raised in 1865, with the actual monument raised in 1906. Hungarian opera composer
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C. Tóth, Norbert (2015). "Az apátfalvi–nagylaki csata. A keresztes fősereg útja Pesttől Nagylakig" [The Battle of Apátfalva-Nagylak. The Route of the Main Crusader Army from Pest to Nagylak].
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C. Tóth, Norbert (2015). "Az apátfalvi–nagylaki csata. A keresztes fősereg útja Pesttől Nagylakig" [The Battle of Apátfalva-Nagylak. The Route of the Main Crusader Army from Pest to Nagylak].
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914:, Lord Treasurer István Telegdy was seized and tortured to death. In general, however, the rebels only executed particularly vicious or greedy noblemen; those who freely submitted were released on
918:. Dózsa not only never broke his given word, but frequently assisted the escape of fugitives. He was unable to consistently control his followers, however, and many of them hunted down rivals.
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as the Hungarians were no longer a politically united people and peasants rejected military service against the Ottomans. Another consequence was the creation of new laws, an effort in the
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were named "Ulica Doža Đerđa". Two Postage stamps were issued in his honor by Hungary on 12 June 1919 and on 15 March 1947, the latter in the "social revolutionists" series.
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visions some Franciscans claimed to have. In 1512 and 1513, there seems to have been a movement of young friars who disobeyed orders and openly criticised bishops and
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elaborated the old rights of peasants, but also greatly enhanced the status of lesser nobility (gentry), erecting an iron curtain between Hungarians until 1848 when
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Vladislaus issued a proclamation commanding the peasantry to return to their homes under pain of death. By this time, the uprising had attained the dimensions of a
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and noble families with the name Székely lived there. Márki further argues that Dózsa had a sister, Katalin, who married Miklós Zeyk, a future supporter of King
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by the King, his wages doubled. He was given a village of forty households located between Nándorfehérvár and Temesvár, as well as two hundred gold coins. The
570:. When he returned to Hungary, the Archbishop was warned by the King that the country was strained financially and unable to furnish even the most important
521:
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Ambrose Ványa (Ambrus Ványa) from turkeve, a Franciscan theologist who graduated from the university, he edited Dozsa's fiery proclamations to the people,
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during the summer, and untrained agricultural workers had little military value. He proposed only asking commoners for donations and relying on noble's
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283:, but there is little to support this connection. Márki suggests that János might have been the same as a János Székely inciting a rebellion among the
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of the country, there was a debate about the wisdom of launching a crusade: Bakócz argued that Hungary needed to exploit the internal strife of the
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The revolt was repressed but some 70,000 peasants were tortured. György's execution, and the brutal suppression of the peasants, greatly aided the
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The army was not exclusively composed of peasants of Hungarian nationality. A part of the army, about 40%, was made up of Slovaks and Rusyns from
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commanded them to return to reap the fields, and, on their refusing to do so, proceeded to maltreat their wives and families and set their armed
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The movement was thus diverted from its original object, and the peasants and their leaders began a war of vengeance against the landlords.
347:. The conflict impacted Transylvania, with the Székelys supporting Vladislaus. After his victory, they nevertheless suffered the tyranny of
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of the nobles. Dózsa himself had apparently become demoralized by success: after Csanád, he issued proclamations which can be described as
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and trained gunners. One of his bands advanced to within 25 kilometres of the capital. But his ill-armed ploughmen were outmatched by the
613:, there were around 15,000 volunteers in the camp at Pest within two weeks. However, there were also news of friars agitating against the
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717:, and Bakócz cancelled the campaign. At that time, Bakócz stopped recruiting on the news of the clashes between peasants and nobles in
215:. The rebellion was suppressed, and Dózsa captured, tortured, and executed by being seated on a throne (itself smouldering according to
17:
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1226:['The Smouldering Iron Throne is a Figment of the Imagination'—Historia Gabriella Erdélyi On the 1514 Dózsa Peasant Uprising].
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reward a soldier threatening treason instead of executing him. With this victory, Dózsa won a nation-wide reputation and fame.
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524:, who gave him command of the crusaders as a consolation. This is unlikely to have happened in this way. Dózsa was, however,
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for the crusade. The party favouring the peasants' crusade won and the bull was published on 9 April. The King arranged for
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instead of repeating conventional interpretations. From the beginning of the 1510s, these phenomena were exacerbated with
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Bak, János (1994). "The Late Medieval Period, 1382–1526". In Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter; Frank, Tibor (eds.).
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noblemen were killed by impalement, crucifixion, and other methods. Dózsa's camp at Cegléd was the centre of the
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1057:. The Hungarian component of his movement was downplayed, but its strong anti-feudal character was emphasized.
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2263:[A Current of Franscican Opposition in the Background of the Hungarian Peasant War and Reformation]
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to Gergely in other sources, the two names probably denote the same person. Menyhért supposedly became the
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The peasant armies did not trust in the leadership of nobility, thus they elected their own leaders.
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It has been claimed by Márki and accepted by Pataki that Dózsa participated in the 1513 campaign of
315:. He grew up in a time of widespread social upheaval and small rebellions. During the reign of King
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A suggested genealogy of the Dózsa family, drawn by Márki. It is not considered sufficiently proven.
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of the kingdom were called out against it, and soldiers of fortune were hired in haste from the
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1959:"Dózsa-féle parasztháború, 1514. május–július: a magyar történelem legnagyobb parasztfelkelése"
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Norman Housley: Religious Warfare in Europe 1400–1536 (page: 70) Oxford University Press, 2002
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of great courage during this siege. They tell the story of him beating the Ottoman champion,
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colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179860-György_Dózsa_1474-1514-Hungarian_Freedom_Fighters-Hungary
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1485:[György Dózsa 1514–2014. A Conversation with Norbert C. Tóth and Tamás Pálosfalvi].
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from Dálnok was the same person recorded as being from Makfalva in the 1507 court document.
219:), crowned with red-hot iron, devoured alive by his followers under duress, then quartered.
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2158:(in Hungarian). Budapest: MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet.
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1654:(in Hungarian). Budapest: MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet.
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above the level of simple knighthood and could have hoped for a career at the royal court.
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The rebellion became more dangerous when the towns joined on the side of the peasants. In
258:. His sons, Tamás and Ádám would have then moved to Dálnok and started families. Tamás, a
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in his 1913 biography of Dózsa that he was the man identified in a 1507 court document as
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2240:. Cambridge Concise Histories (Fifth printing 2008 ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom:
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As his suppression had become a political necessity, Dózsa was routed at Temesvár (today
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priests - some of the lowest-ranking groups of medieval society. They assembled in their
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262:(infantry captain) became György Dózsa's father. Pataki doubts this, as Székelys of the
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Anthony Nagy (Antal Nagy), the leader of the Kalocsa crusaders, nobleman from Sárköz,
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When Dózsa arrived in Buda, some primary sources describe him being reprimanded by
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His revolutionary image and Transylvanian background were drawn upon during the
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1483:"Dózsa György 1514–2014. Beszélgetés C. Tóth Norberttel és Pálosfalvi Tamással"
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colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/190132-György_Dózsa-Social_Revolutionists-Hungary
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on a field outside the castle of Nándorfehérvár, and Dózsa cut off Ali's
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1891:"Bánlaky József A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme – Az 1514. évi pórlázadás"
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Within a few weeks, Dózsa had gathered an army of some 40,000 so-called
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2139:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 462.
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466:. Some accounts claim that Dózsa demanded a prize himself, arriving at
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Dózsa probably did not receive much education, and seems to have been
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1985:"The road from the priest's temple to the church of the congregation"
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Today, on the site of the martyrdom of the hot throne, there is the
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origins and known to his contemporaries as György Székely. Based on
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The rebellion spread quickly, principally in the central or purely
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Ambrose Száleresi (Ambrus Száleresi), a well-to-do citizen of Pest.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2067:"Confiscarea lui Dumnezeu şi mecanismul inevitabilităţii istorice"
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In the course of the summer, Dózsa seized the fortresses of Arad,
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sent against them were unhorsed as they passed through the gates.
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sick, but he threatened church curses to those who do not do this.
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and pre-emptively branded anyone who would impede the crusade as
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in Hungarian villages. A number of streets in several cities of
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Gregory Dózsa (Gergely Dózsa), younger brother of György Dózsa,
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E. Kovács, Péter; C. Tóth, Norbert; Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2014).
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were taxed oppressively; after Matthias' death in 1490, the
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Keresztesekből lázadók. Tanulmányok 1514 Magyarországáról
1768:"Ki volt Ványai Ambrus?, Jászkunság 1975. mátcius-június"
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Keresztesekből lázadók. Tanulmányok 1514 Magyarországáról
891:. Meanwhile, Dózsa had captured the city and fortress of
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order, probably on 25 April 1514. Due to the work of the
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From Crusaders to Rebels. Studies of the Hungary of 1514
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From Crusaders to Rebels. Studies of the Hungary of 1514
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1608:[Dózsa, Commander-in-Chief of the Crusaders].
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1373:[The Valour and Distinction of György Dózsa].
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319:, which covered what was probably Dózsa's childhood,
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374:(today Mediaș, Romania) that year, killing multiple
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Peasant revolts in medieval and early modern Europe
1818:"Nagy Iván: Magyarország családai – Kecskés család"
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30:"Gheorghe Doja" redirects here. For the opera, see
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550:was elected, a man enthusiastic about driving the
1742:"Erdődi Bakócz Tamás élete V. fejezet Végső évei"
1080:. Also, a number of streets in several cities of
1068:bear his name, and it is one of the most popular
1008:Dózsa's portrait on the former 20 forint banknote
442:A posthumous portrait of György Dózsa from 1913,
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1222:Kovács, Péter; Erdélyi, Gabriella (2 May 2014).
854:were burnt and thousands of the lower untitled
674:
601:Social tensions and the role of the Franciscans
554:out of Europe. On 17 June 1513, he published a
394:forces. He then probably joined the defence of
381:
362:indeed refers to Dózsa, he committed a violent
2213:[On the Life Journey of György Dózsa]
1739:
1416:
965:) on 15 July 1514 by an army of 20,000 led by
649:and the possibility of a widespread uprising.
2295:
1982:
1931:
1765:
1421:. A Szablya Iskolája Egyesület. p. 157.
1221:
895:(today's Cenad), and signaled his victory by
867:In reaction, the papal bull was revoked, and
617:order around the country. Radical notions of
27:Leader of the 1514 Hungarian peasants' revolt
331:(the late King's illegitimate son), Emperor
2188:(First ed.). New York, United States:
1870:"Magyar életrajzi lexikon Száleresi Ambrus"
1837:
1718:http://www.history.com/topics/hungary/page4
749:Thomas Kecskés (Tamás Kecskés) from Aszaló,
423:(today Smederevo, Serbia), named as Ali of
2302:
2288:
1564:[The Prohibition of the Crusade].
222:
74:Contemporary woodcut of Dózsa's execution.
68:
1934:"Nemesek nélküli államot akartak Dózsáék"
921:
597:to be redirected to fund the operations.
513:for his crimes. Dózsa then complained to
2179:
1987:. Egyháztörténeti Szemle. Archived from
1170:
1003:
925:
789:
641:ideologies, especially the teachings of
437:
302:
269:
2143:
1639:
942:(now Şiria), and provided himself with
728:Dózsa's most notable elected co-leaders
450:account, the two men first fought with
14:
2550:
2231:
2208:
1840:"Főurakat és püspököket húztak karóba"
1404:
1371:"Dósa György vitézsége és kitüntetése"
1262:
1247:
1206:
2283:
2258:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1326:[The Youth of György Dózsa].
1321:
1134:
431:on 28 February 1514. Ali was a great
2382:Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions
2225:(8): 1147–1155 – via EPA OSZK.
2124:
1912:"Márki Sándor Dósa György 1470–1514"
1729:Márki Sándor: DÓSA GYÖRGY, 1470-1514
1696:
1419:Saber Fencing: sport and martial art
1317:
1315:
1217:
1215:
1183:Hungarian Biographical Encyclopaedia
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
785:
605:Bakócz entrusted recruitment to the
2392:John and William Merfold's uprising
2332:Rebellions of Basil the Copper Hand
1449:[The Plan of the Crusade].
1274:
797:from the "Dózsa woodcut series" by
770:Based on the research of professor
492:Ali's challenge according to legend
24:
2618:16th-century executions by Hungary
2522:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan
2342:Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–28
2275:(4): 409–435 – via EPA OSZK.
1594:
1435:
1351:
536:
307:Seal of the Dózsa family from 1677
125:, Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary
25:
2639:
1793:"Ványai Ambrus (Túrkevey Ambrus)"
1312:
1212:
1115:
758:Benedict Pogány (Benedek Pogány),
574:on the border. Among the leading
360:Georgius Dosa Siculus de Makfalva
358:If the 1507 court document about
2180:Barabási, Albert-László (2010).
2112:
2472:Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt
2452:Peasants' Rebellion in Telemark
2092:
2083:
2056:
2047:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1976:
1951:
1932:Keisz Ágoston (27 April 2014).
1925:
1904:
1883:
1862:
1831:
1810:
1785:
1759:
1733:
1722:
1711:
1702:
1633:
1553:
1474:
1410:
765:
325:War of the Hungarian Succession
2482:Peasants' War in Upper Austria
2417:Slovene peasant revolt of 1515
2209:Pataki, József (August 1971).
1606:"Dósa, a keresztesek fővezére"
1268:
1164:
1094:
652:
36:Gheorghe Doja (disambiguation)
13:
1:
2588:Medieval Transylvanian people
2583:16th-century Hungarian people
2578:15th-century Hungarian people
2269:Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények
2125:Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "
1562:"A keresztesháború eltiltása"
1283:. Bloomington, Indianapolis:
1171:Kenyeres, Ágnes, ed. (1967).
1108:
846:provinces, where hundreds of
752:Francis Bagos (Ferenc Bagos),
541:
182:
144:György Székely, Gheorghe Doja
2512:Dalecarlian Rebellion (1743)
2377:Transylvanian peasant revolt
2236:A Concise History of Hungary
2029:"A brief history of Hungary"
777:The formerly peasant origin
743:"Priest Barabbas" (Barabás),
675:Leader of the peasant revolt
402:). Sources mention him as a
382:Mercenary career and heroism
335:, and two brothers from the
188:– 20 July 1514) was a
53:when mentioning individuals.
7:
2477:Ivan Bolotnikov's Rebellion
2442:Skipper Clement's Rebellion
2362:Peasants' Revolt in England
2347:St. George's Night Uprising
1139:[The Family Dósa].
1015:peasant uprising in Croatia
10:
2644:
2628:People executed by burning
2568:People from Covasna County
2242:Cambridge University Press
2211:"Dózsa György életútjáról"
2105:
1838:Papp Attila (8 May 2014).
1616:Magyar Történelmi Társulat
1614:(in Hungarian). Budapest:
1572:Magyar Történelmi Társulat
1570:(in Hungarian). Budapest:
1457:Magyar Történelmi Társulat
1455:(in Hungarian). Budapest:
1381:Magyar Történelmi Társulat
1379:(in Hungarian). Budapest:
1334:Magyar Történelmi Társulat
1332:(in Hungarian). Budapest:
1147:Magyar Történelmi Társulat
1145:(in Hungarian). Budapest:
709:upon the local peasantry.
40:
29:
2608:Executed Hungarian people
2497:Swiss peasant war of 1653
2487:Kostka-Napierski Uprising
2397:Carinthian Peasant Revolt
2317:
1447:"A keresztesháború terve"
1060:In Budapest, a square, a
999:
249:Georgius Dosa Siculus de
211:during the reign of King
156:
148:
140:
130:
108:
79:
67:
60:
2573:Executed revolutionaries
1285:Indiana University Press
1178:Magyar életrajzi lexikon
1087:
815:Dózsa's speech at Cegléd
213:Vladislaus II of Hungary
152:leader of peasant revolt
49:. This article uses
41:The native form of this
18:Siege of Temesvár (1514)
2402:Friulian Revolt of 1511
2232:Molnar, Miklos (2001).
2136:Encyclopædia Britannica
1740:Fraknói Vilmos (1889).
1417:Gergely Hidasi (2017).
713:their march across the
522:Archbishop of Esztergom
483:, stole three thousand
471:by the King, which the
223:Ancestry and early life
160:Gergely Dózsa (brother)
2532:Saxon Peasants' Revolt
2492:Morning Star Rebellion
2437:Palatine Peasants' War
2432:Dalecarlian Rebellions
1983:Péter Katalin (2001).
1766:Györffy Lajos (1975).
1604:Márki, Sándor (1913).
1560:Márki, Sándor (1913).
1445:Márki, Sándor (1913).
1369:Márki, Sándor (1913).
1324:"Dósa György ifjúsága"
1322:Márki, Sándor (1913).
1135:Márki, Sándor (1913).
1055:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
1009:
931:
922:Downfall and execution
818:
802:
498:
446:
308:
275:
243:). It was asserted by
207:against the kingdom's
34:. For other uses, see
2593:Hungarian mercenaries
2502:Stenka Razin Uprising
2387:Jack Cade's Rebellion
1611:Dósa György 1470–1514
1567:Dósa György 1470–1514
1452:Dósa György 1470–1514
1376:Dósa György 1470–1514
1329:Dósa György 1470–1514
1250:, pp. 1150–1151.
1142:Dósa György 1470–1514
1028:, built by architect
1007:
978:1526 Ottoman invasion
929:
804:
793:
715:Great Hungarian Plain
494:
441:
306:
273:
2623:Medieval mercenaries
2537:Peasants' War (1798)
2517:Pugachev's Rebellion
2427:German Peasants' War
2259:Szűcs, Jenő (1974).
2072:21 July 2011 at the
1963:lexikon.katolikus.hu
1850:on 28 September 2014
1279:A History of Hungary
1193:– via Arcanum.
1062:busy six-lane avenue
1026:Virgin Mary Monument
938:(today Lipova), and
337:Jagiellonian dynasty
285:Transylvanian Saxons
227:György Dózsa was of
32:György Dózsa (opera)
2613:16th-century rebels
2080:139, September 2009
2018:Barbasi pp. 263–266
1538:, pp. 420–421.
1526:, pp. 422–423.
824:and elsewhere, the
131:Cause of death
2422:Arumer Zwarte Hoop
2337:Uprising of Ivaylo
1010:
932:
881:Republic of Venice
803:
447:
327:broke out between
309:
276:
201:Kingdom of Hungary
102:Kingdom of Hungary
51:Western name order
2545:
2544:
2507:Bulavin Rebellion
2251:978-0-521-66736-4
2199:978-0-525-95160-5
2065:Emanuel Copilaş,
930:Dózsa's execution
910:Subsequently, at
889:Holy Roman Empire
835:, Romanians from
795:Dózsa on the Wall
786:Growing rebellion
779:Franciscan friars
546:On 9 March 1513,
398:(today Belgrade,
317:Matthias Corvinus
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
2635:
2462:Kett's Rebellion
2372:Cabochien Revolt
2304:
2297:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2271:(in Hungarian).
2266:
2255:
2239:
2226:
2221:(in Hungarian).
2216:
2203:
2187:
2176:
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2172:
2157:
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2090:
2087:
2081:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2035:on 12 April 2010
2031:. Archived from
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1991:on 22 March 2021
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
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1306:Internet Archive
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1153:
1132:
1102:
1098:
1040:wrote an opera,
988:. The resulting
816:
639:religious reform
511:Bishop of Csanád
501:
292:, although many
205:peasants' revolt
187:
184:
141:Other names
118:
116:
90:
88:
72:
58:
57:
21:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2598:Peasant revolts
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2412:Dózsa rebellion
2313:
2308:
2264:
2252:
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2078:Sfera Politicii
2074:Wayback Machine
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1489:(in Hungarian).
1487:Magyar Tudomány
1479:
1475:
1461:
1459:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1415:
1411:
1407:, p. 1152.
1403:
1399:
1385:
1383:
1367:
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1338:
1336:
1320:
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1299:
1297:
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1269:
1265:, p. 1151.
1261:
1254:
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1213:
1209:, p. 1150.
1205:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1169:
1165:
1151:
1149:
1137:"A Dósa-család"
1133:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1002:
996:was abolished.
986:István Werbőczy
971:Stephen Báthory
924:
817:
814:
799:Gyula Derkovits
788:
768:
730:
677:
655:
619:social equality
603:
544:
539:
537:Peasant crusade
503:
500:
493:
444:Viktor Madarász
384:
239:(today Dalnic,
233:primary sources
225:
209:landed nobility
185:
126:
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84:
75:
63:
54:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2603:Székely people
2600:
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2131:Chisholm, Hugh
2107:
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2100:
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2055:
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2020:
2011:
2002:
1975:
1950:
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1903:
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1830:
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1797:new.turkeve.hu
1784:
1758:
1732:
1721:
1710:
1701:
1674:
1660:
1632:
1593:
1591:, p. 414.
1581:
1552:
1550:, p. 410.
1540:
1528:
1516:
1514:, p. 419.
1504:
1502:, p. 413.
1492:
1473:
1434:
1427:
1409:
1397:
1350:
1311:
1293:
1287:. p. 71.
1267:
1252:
1240:
1228:Magyar Narancs
1211:
1196:
1173:"Dózsa György"
1163:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1030:László Székely
1021:in 1572–1573.
1001:
998:
982:Hungarian Diet
923:
920:
812:
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784:
767:
764:
763:
762:
759:
756:
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676:
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651:
602:
599:
580:Ottoman Empire
558:authorising a
543:
540:
538:
535:
491:
490:
477:István Telegdy
396:Nándorfehérvár
383:
380:
281:ban of Croatia
224:
221:
171:György Székely
162:
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149:Known for
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2360:
2358:
2357:Ciompi Revolt
2355:
2353:
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2190:Penguin Group
2186:
2185:
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2165:9789634160120
2161:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2127:Dozsa, György
2122:
2121:public domain
2110:
2109:
2095:
2086:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2063:(in Romanian)
2059:
2050:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2015:
2009:Molnar, p. 82
2006:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1939:
1935:
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1913:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1871:
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2053:Molnar p. 83
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2033:the original
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2005:
1995:23 September
1993:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1978:
1968:21 September
1966:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1943:21 September
1941:. Retrieved
1937:
1927:
1917:22 September
1915:. Retrieved
1906:
1896:20 September
1894:. Retrieved
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1875:20 September
1873:. Retrieved
1864:
1854:22 September
1852:. Retrieved
1848:the original
1843:
1833:
1823:22 September
1821:. Retrieved
1812:
1802:22 September
1800:. Retrieved
1796:
1787:
1777:20 September
1775:. Retrieved
1773:. Jászkunság
1761:
1751:23 September
1749:. Retrieved
1745:
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1724:
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1665:. Retrieved
1647:
1642:
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1625:– via
1619:. Retrieved
1610:
1584:
1574:– via
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1543:
1531:
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1486:
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1460:. Retrieved
1451:
1418:
1412:
1400:
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1384:. Retrieved
1375:
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1337:. Retrieved
1328:
1304:– via
1298:. Retrieved
1278:
1270:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1187:. Retrieved
1182:
1177:
1166:
1156:– via
1150:. Retrieved
1141:
1096:
1077:
1070:street names
1059:
1048:
1043:Dózsa György
1041:
1038:Ferenc Erkel
1023:
1019:Ambroz Gubec
1011:
975:
967:John Zápolya
956:
933:
909:
866:
859:
848:manor houses
841:
837:Transylvania
830:
819:
806:
805:
794:
776:
772:Sándor Márki
769:
766:Social Goals
731:
723:
711:
680:
678:
664:
656:
647:manor houses
636:
604:
589:
545:
530:coat of arms
518:Tamás Bakócz
507:Miklós Csáky
504:
499:
495:
464:coat of arms
448:
410:
388:John Zápolya
385:
359:
357:
333:Maximilian I
310:
298:John Zápolya
293:
277:
263:
259:
248:
226:
197:Transylvania
178:
170:
167:György Dózsa
166:
165:
119:20 July 1514
98:Transylvania
62:György Dózsa
55:
47:Dózsa György
46:
2563:1514 deaths
2407:Poor Conrad
1746:mek.oszk.hu
1405:Pataki 1971
1263:Pataki 1971
1248:Pataki 1971
1207:Pataki 1971
1076:were named
1034:György Kiss
990:Tripartitum
653:Recruitment
628:apocalyptic
585:agriculture
341:John Albert
193:man-at-arms
186: 1470
2552:Categories
2527:Great Fear
2467:Cudgel War
2171:8 December
1667:8 December
1621:8 December
1589:Szűcs 1974
1548:Szűcs 1974
1536:Szűcs 1974
1524:Szűcs 1974
1512:Szűcs 1974
1500:Szűcs 1974
1462:8 December
1386:8 December
1339:8 December
1300:8 December
1294:0253355788
1233:8 December
1189:8 December
1152:8 December
1109:References
1053:regime of
952:nihilistic
887:, and the
875:; all the
873:revolution
659:volunteers
657:At first,
624:scriptures
607:Franciscan
590:banderiums
572:fortresses
548:Pope Leo X
542:Background
485:gold coins
454:then with
345:Vladislaus
313:illiterate
203:who led a
115:1514-07-20
2457:Dacke War
2352:Jacquerie
2327:Stellinga
1697:Bain 1911
1101:earliest.
1051:Communist
959:Timișoara
905:castellan
861:jacquerie
707:retainers
703:landlords
668:mercenary
473:treasurer
433:swordsman
376:merchants
256:Marosszék
157:Relatives
2447:Opryshky
2322:Bagaudae
2070:Archived
1938:origo.hu
1627:MEK OSZK
1576:MEK OSZK
1468:MEK OSZK
1392:MEK OSZK
1345:MEK OSZK
1158:MEK OSZK
1064:, and a
903:and the
897:impaling
813:—
699:counties
687:students
568:traitors
564:holy war
552:Ottomans
526:knighted
515:Cardinal
390:against
321:peasants
251:Makfalva
175:Romanian
123:Temesvár
2367:Harelle
2273:LXXVIII
2133:(ed.).
2123::
2106:Sources
2039:14 June
1844:duol.hu
1074:Romania
1017:led by
994:serfdom
984:led by
963:Romania
944:cannons
940:Világos
885:Bohemia
877:vassals
852:castles
826:cavalry
719:Mezőtúr
643:Jan Hus
560:crusade
425:Epeiros
421:Szendrő
415:of the
407:captain
404:cavalry
392:Ottoman
372:Medgyes
364:robbery
353:Báthory
351:István
349:Voivode
241:Romania
229:Székely
190:Székely
135:Torture
85: (
2248:
2219:Korunk
2196:
2184:Bursts
2162:
2154:]
2129:". In
2117:
1658:
1650:]
1425:
1291:
1082:Serbia
1000:Legacy
916:parole
901:bishop
893:Csanád
856:gentry
844:Magyar
801:, 1928
695:parish
693:, and
691:friars
637:Early
632:abbots
615:feudal
611:friars
595:tithes
576:barons
460:armour
456:swords
452:spears
417:spahis
400:Serbia
368:market
290:census
237:Dálnok
217:legend
94:Dálnok
2265:(PDF)
2215:(PDF)
2156:(PDF)
2150:[
1771:(PDF)
1652:(PDF)
1646:[
1185:]
1181:[
1088:Notes
936:Lippa
682:hajdú
427:in a
366:at a
260:vajda
245:Márki
195:from
2246:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2173:2023
2160:ISBN
2041:2010
1997:2021
1970:2021
1945:2021
1919:2021
1898:2021
1877:2021
1856:2021
1825:2021
1804:2021
1779:2021
1753:2021
1669:2023
1656:ISBN
1623:2023
1464:2023
1423:ISBN
1388:2023
1341:2023
1302:2023
1289:ISBN
1235:2023
1191:2023
1154:2023
1013:the
969:and
912:Arad
899:the
869:King
850:and
822:Buda
556:bull
468:Buda
429:duel
343:and
294:lófő
264:lófő
169:(or
109:Died
87:1470
83:1470
80:Born
634:.
419:of
412:bey
370:in
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1961:.
1936:.
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1470:.
1431:.
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117:)
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38:.
20:)
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