191:
800:, and Alexander sent a herald to tell the defenders that if they looked up, they would see that he had found his winged men. The defenders were so surprised and demoralised by this that they surrendered, even though they outnumbered the mountaineers by a hundred to one and Alexander's main force still had no way to reach the summit. The defenders had thought that the Rock was impregnable, and with one bold stroke Alexander showed them how wrong they were. The enemy's quick surrender validated Alexander's insightful use of psychological warfare.
536:
672:
468:
485:
553:
638:
570:
519:
587:
689:
502:
604:
621:
655:
430:
437:
444:
198:
846:(section 4.18.4-19.6). However P. J. Rhodes points out that "this version produces a very empty 328 and a very full early 327, so we should probably prefer the alternative tradition. In this second tradition instead of the Sogdian Rock and the Rock of Chorienes the same stratagems are used against the Rock of Arimazes and the Rock of Sisimithres in the summer of 328".
811:
From
Sogdian Rock, Alexander advanced into Parsetakene which contained another supposedly impregnable craggy fortress known as the Rock of Chorienes, but it was no match for Alexander and it was soon captured. From there Alexander went to
795:
lines, they climbed the cliff face at night, losing about 30 of their number during the ascent. In accordance with
Alexander's orders, they signalled their success to the troops below by waving bits of
787:
Alexander asked for volunteers, whom he would reward if they could climb the cliffs under the fortress. There were some 300 men who from previous sieges had gained experience in rock-climbing. Using
808:
Alexander is said to have fallen in love with Roxane on sight. The
Macedonians claimed that Roxane was "the loveliest woman they had seen in Asia, with the one exception of Darius' wife".
705:
246:
820:
with a division of the
Macedonian army to complete the pacification of Parsetakene. Alexander remained at Bactra, preparing for his expedition across the
211:
190:
239:
979:
232:
836:
The story of the siege of the
Sogdian Rock is told in many histories, but it is based on the history written by the Greek historian
1113:
382:
779:
When
Alexander asked the defenders to surrender, they refused, telling him that he would need "men with wings" to capture it.
63:
277:
1095:
1073:
1051:
270:
1128:
1086:, Dorset Oress Reprints Series (2, reprint, illustrated ed.), Barnes & Noble Publishing, pp.
862:
Sogdian Rock was located in the northern hemisphere so this would have been in the first quarter of 327 BC.
467:
256:
123:
30:
436:
1123:
569:
552:
429:
350:
344:
772:, to take refuge in the fortress, as it was thought to be impregnable, and was provisioned for a long
837:
1064:, Blackwell History of the Ancient World, vol. 11 (2 ed.), John Wiley & Sons, p.
620:
332:
989:
688:
637:
501:
401:
326:
314:
302:
1065:
1030:
1087:
1043:
929:
993:
1082:
Savill, Agnes (1990), "Chapter VI: The Rocks to the
Hydaspes, Winter 328 to May 326 B.C.",
8:
746:
586:
422:
338:
147:
1016:
984:
842:
535:
362:
356:
1091:
1069:
1047:
750:
128:
671:
484:
407:
308:
289:
224:
1118:
1011:
654:
518:
389:
320:
283:
1107:
78:
65:
374:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
821:
603:
368:
57:
738:
891:
817:
788:
761:
742:
734:
152:
134:
53:
765:
730:
1007:
975:
813:
769:
395:
825:
797:
773:
749:
in the early spring of 327 BC as part of his conquest of the
919:
917:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
792:
914:
870:
18:
Alexander the Great's siege of
Sogdian fortress (327 BC)
941:
1062:
A History of the
Classical Greek World: 478 – 323 BC
953:
254:
828:. It was while in Bactra that he married Roxana.
768:had sent his wife and daughters, one of whom was
1105:
938:, Section 21: Capture of the Rock of Chorienes.
1012:"Section 21: Capture of the Rock of Chorienes"
1038:Horn, LT Bernd; Spencer, Emily, eds. (2012),
240:
1037:
1020:, vol. 4b, translated by Chinnock, E.J
885:
247:
233:
856:
1106:
1081:
1059:
1029:, vol. 12, John Murray, pp.
1006:
974:
959:
947:
935:
908:
1040:No Easy Task: Fighting in Afghanistan
1024:
923:
228:
197:
13:
14:
1140:
831:
1084:Alexander the Great and His Time
745:, was captured by the forces of
687:
670:
653:
636:
619:
602:
585:
568:
551:
534:
517:
500:
483:
466:
442:
435:
428:
196:
189:
1114:Battles of Alexander the Great
729:, a fortress located north of
1:
1042:, Dundurn Press Ltd, p.
968:
756:
803:
215:Location of the Sogdian Rock
7:
108:Alexander captures Sogdiana
31:Wars of Alexander the Great
10:
1145:
266:
184:
171:
158:
141:
116:
36:
28:
24:Siege of the Sogdian Rock
23:
849:
782:
886:Horn & Spencer 2012
1060:Rhodes, P. J. (2011),
1025:Grote, George (1856),
911:, section 4.18.4-19.6.
142:Commanders and leaders
990:Sélincourt, Aubrey de
980:"section 4.18.4-19.6"
172:Casualties and losses
1129:Ancient Central Asia
715: current battle
212:class=notpageimage|
1027:A history of Greece
926:, p. 289, 290.
838:Arrian of Nicomedia
747:Alexander the Great
423:Alexander the Great
383:Indian subcontinent
259:Alexander the Great
148:Alexander the Great
75: /
950:, pp. 91, 92.
98:Macedonian victory
1124:320s BC conflicts
751:Achaemenid Empire
727:Rock of Ariamazes
417:
416:
223:
222:
129:League of Corinth
112:
111:
1136:
1100:
1078:
1056:
1034:
1021:
1003:
1002:
1001:
992:, archived from
988:, translated by
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
912:
906:
889:
883:
863:
860:
714:
707:
701:
696:
691:
684:
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674:
667:
662:
657:
650:
645:
640:
633:
628:
623:
616:
611:
606:
599:
594:
589:
582:
577:
572:
565:
560:
555:
548:
543:
538:
531:
526:
521:
514:
509:
504:
497:
492:
487:
480:
475:
470:
463:
458:
453:
446:
445:
439:
432:
408:Mallian campaign
261:
249:
242:
235:
226:
225:
200:
199:
193:
90:
89:
87:
86:
85:
80:
76:
73:
72:
71:
68:
38:
37:
21:
20:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1076:
1054:
999:
997:
971:
966:
958:
954:
946:
942:
934:
930:
922:
915:
907:
892:
884:
871:
867:
866:
861:
857:
852:
834:
806:
785:
759:
719:
718:
717:
716:
712:
709:
708:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
447:
443:
440:
433:
425:
418:
413:
262:
258:
255:
253:
219:
218:
217:
216:
214:
208:
207:
206:
205:
201:
180:Presumably none
127:
104:
83:
81:
77:
74:
69:
66:
64:
62:
61:
60:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1142:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1079:
1074:
1057:
1052:
1035:
1022:
1004:
970:
967:
965:
964:
962:, p. 257.
952:
940:
928:
913:
890:
868:
865:
864:
854:
853:
851:
848:
833:
832:Historiography
830:
816:while he sent
805:
802:
784:
781:
758:
755:
711:
710:
703:
698:
693:
686:
681:
676:
669:
664:
659:
652:
647:
642:
635:
630:
625:
618:
613:
608:
601:
596:
591:
584:
579:
574:
567:
562:
557:
550:
545:
540:
533:
528:
523:
516:
511:
506:
499:
494:
489:
482:
477:
472:
465:
460:
455:
448:
441:
434:
427:
426:
421:
420:
419:
415:
414:
412:
411:
405:
399:
393:
386:
385:
379:
378:
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
312:
306:
299:
298:
294:
293:
287:
281:
274:
273:
267:
264:
263:
252:
251:
244:
237:
229:
221:
220:
210:
209:
203:
202:
195:
194:
188:
187:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
139:
138:
131:
119:
118:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
56:, present-day
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1141:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1097:9780880295918
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1075:9781444358582
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1053:9781459701649
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
996:on 2016-05-04
995:
991:
987:
986:
981:
977:
973:
972:
961:
956:
949:
944:
937:
932:
925:
920:
918:
910:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
888:, p. 40.
887:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
869:
859:
855:
847:
845:
844:
839:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
809:
801:
799:
794:
790:
780:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
706:
690:
673:
656:
639:
622:
605:
588:
571:
554:
537:
520:
503:
486:
469:
438:
431:
424:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
387:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
315:Halicarnassus
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
300:
296:
295:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
268:
265:
260:
250:
245:
243:
238:
236:
231:
230:
227:
213:
192:
183:
179:
176:
175:
170:
166:
163:
162:
157:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
140:
137:
136:
132:
130:
126:
125:
121:
120:
115:
107:
102:
101:
97:
94:
93:
88:
79:40.4°N 69.4°E
59:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
27:
22:
16:
1083:
1061:
1039:
1026:
1015:
998:, retrieved
994:the original
983:
955:
943:
931:
858:
841:
835:
810:
807:
786:
778:
760:
741:), ruled by
726:
723:Sogdian Rock
722:
720:
542:Persian Gate
525:Sogdian Rock
375:Sogdian Rock
351:Persian Gate
345:Uxian Defile
278:Mount Haemus
257:Campaigns of
204:Sogdian Rock
133:
122:
117:Belligerents
29:Part of the
15:
960:Rhodes 2011
948:Savill 1990
936:Arrian 1893
909:Arrian 1958
791:and strong
103:Territorial
82: /
1108:Categories
1000:2020-03-26
969:References
924:Grote 1856
822:Hindu-Kush
757:Background
593:Alexandria
84:40.4; 69.4
58:Tajikistan
840:, in his
804:Aftermath
789:tent pegs
739:Samarkand
576:Gaugamela
357:Cyropolis
339:Gaugamela
1017:Anabasis
1010:(1893),
985:Anabasis
978:(1958),
843:Anabasis
818:Craterus
762:Oxyartes
743:Arimazes
735:Sogdiana
678:Granicus
491:Hydaspes
452:820miles
410:(326 BC)
404:(326 BC)
402:Hydaspes
398:(326 BC)
392:(327 BC)
377:(327 BC)
371:(328 BC)
365:(329 BC)
363:Jaxartes
359:(329 BC)
353:(330 BC)
347:(331 BC)
341:(331 BC)
335:(332 BC)
329:(332 BC)
323:(333 BC)
317:(334 BC)
311:(334 BC)
305:(334 BC)
303:Granicus
292:(335 BC)
286:(335 BC)
280:(335 BC)
159:Strength
153:Arimazes
135:Sogdiana
54:Sogdiana
49:Location
766:Bactria
731:Bactria
661:Miletus
474:Malavas
457:Babylon
309:Miletus
271:Balkans
167:Unknown
124:Macedon
105:changes
70:69°24′E
67:40°24′N
1119:327 BC
1094:
1090:, 93,
1072:
1050:
1008:Arrian
976:Arrian
814:Bactra
793:flaxen
770:Roxane
737:(near
713:
559:Uxians
508:Cophen
450:1200km
396:Aornos
390:Cophen
297:Persia
290:Thebes
284:Pelium
95:Result
44:327 BC
1033:, 290
850:Notes
826:India
824:into
798:linen
783:Siege
774:siege
695:Pella
644:Issus
369:Gabai
321:Issus
1092:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1048:ISBN
721:The
627:Tyre
610:Gaza
333:Gaza
327:Tyre
41:Date
1066:257
1031:289
764:of
733:in
725:or
164:300
1110::
1088:90
1068:,
1046:,
1044:40
1014:,
982:,
916:^
893:^
872:^
776:.
753:.
547:10
530:11
513:12
496:13
479:14
462:15
177:30
700:1
683:2
666:3
649:4
632:5
615:6
598:7
581:8
564:9
248:e
241:t
234:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
