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837:(allogrooming), and play. The rest of the day is spent traveling and sleeping. Other sources report that the species divides half of the day between traveling and foraging, while the rest is spent resting. Daily foraging usually starts at dawn unless delayed by rain. Group movement is usually led by females, and groups usually travel 700 m (2,300 ft) per day, and may climb 500 m (1,600 ft) along vertical slopes. Although the species spends its time in the trees, terrestrial play is not uncommon, even among adults, with play sessions lasting 30 minutes or more. Like other sifakas, it uses a type of
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one-year study, males responded to 71% of the marks made by females within an average of 61 seconds while only 17% of male marks received a response from other group members. Because males overmark frequently, this results in "totem-tree marking", where certain trees become covered by male scent and gouge marks. However, no observations of widespread home-range border scent-marking have been reported. Scent-marks are usually left on trees in the core area of the home range, as opposed to the territorial boundaries.
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sifaka's vocal repertoire, it does exhibit high call rates of seven calls per hour, on average. Even infants are known to have several specialized vocalizations. The most frequently emitted silky sifaka vocalizations are low-amplitude, low-frequency, tonal "hum" and "mum" vocalizations. These contact calls are used in a variety of circumstances, including group movement, affiliation, foraging, and while resting.
1123:)—a trait typical among all sifakas. Nonmaternal care usually takes the form of allogrooming, but also playing, occasional carrying, and in rare cases, nursing. The dispersal of offspring is thought to be similar to that of other eastern rainforest sifakas, with both males and females transferring out of the group at
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twelve primary and secondary schools. Additionally, an "emotional component" was begun to link silky sifaka conservation with positive emotional experiences, with the goal of establishing a psychological connection between the children and the lemur. To do this, groups of children were taken on three-day educational
698:(2,300 ft) of elevation and not above 1,875 m (6,152 ft). However, at its southernmost location in Makira (Andaparaty), several groups inhabit forest fragments at an unusually low elevation of 300 m (980 ft). The silky sifaka inhabits three types of elevation-specific habitats: primary
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Local villages adjacent to its remaining protected areas adopted a two-pronged strategy towards silky sifaka conservation education. First, a "cognitive component" was implemented to increase knowledge and awareness through radio interviews, slide presentations, and the disbursement of literature in
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is a known issue within its range. It is most heavily hunted in the northern and western parts of
Marojejy, as well as other areas around the Andapa Basin. The species is restricted to 90,000 ha (350 sq mi) of protected areas, although this may be an overestimation because in much of
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Males scent-mark more frequently than females, as much as two or three times as often. Males also respond to female scent-marking by overmarking with their own scent glands, usually by combining chest and genital marking. They also overmark other males, although less quickly and less often. In a
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has a silky texture. Not all individuals are completely white: some have silver-gray or black tints on the crown, back, and limbs. The base of the tail ("pygal region") can be yellow. The ears and face are hairless, and the skin may be a mix of pink and black, completely black, or completely pink.
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The silky sifaka is one of the larger sifaka species, with a head-body length of 48–54 cm (1.6–1.8 ft), a tail length of 45–51 cm (1.5–1.7 ft), a total length of 93–105 cm (3.1–3.4 ft), and a weight of 5–6.5 kg (11–14 lb). As its common
English name suggests,
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in 2001, he also upheld the subspecies status of the silky sifaka because variations in fur coloration between the available specimens suggested converging similarities with the diademed sifaka's coloration. Groves later noted that the coloration of the two species did not overlap, suggesting that
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The silky sifaka has a variable social structure, and lives in groups of two to nine individuals. It spends most of its day feeding and resting, though it also devotes a considerable amount of time to social behaviors, such as playing and grooming, as well as travelling. Females occasionally take
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only one day a year during the start of the rainy season sometime in
December or January. Infants are born six months later in June or July. Females typically give birth to a single infant once every two years, although births in consecutive years have been observed. Infants initially cling to the
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The silky sifaka tends to be found at higher elevations than any of the other sifaka species and also occupies the greatest range of elevations for the group. In
Marojejy National Park and Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, where most of the remaining groups exist, it is not found below 700 m
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While it is difficult to distinguish adult males and females in other eastern rainforest sifakas, such as
Perrier's sifaka and Milne-Edwards' sifaka, gender in the silky sifaka is easily discerned due to differences in fur coloration of the upper chest. Females have white fur, while males have a
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Adult eastern sifakas have a moderately sized vocal repertoire of about seven call types. If their vocalizations have specific or varied contexts is uncertain, and as with other primates, arousal level may play a role in the acoustic structure of its calls. Despite the limited size of the silky
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and only mates one day a year during the start of the rainy season. As with other sifaka species, nonmaternal infant care is common. Group members of all ages and both sexes often groom, play with, occasionally carry, and even nurse infants that are not their own. The silky sifaka vocalizes
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Until the 21st century, brief observations and lemur surveys had merely documented the presence of the silky sifaka in special reserves and national parks. More recently, a 14-month study and two short-term studies in
Marojejy National Park have revealed previously unknown details about its
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710:. How sensitive the silky sifaka is to disturbance or whether it avoids habitat edges ("edge-intolerant") or is more edge-tolerant like the diademed sifakas is unknown. Like other rainforest sifaka species, it seldom crosses unforested regions between forest fragments.
1234:. It is one of the rarest and most critically endangered lemurs. Its population size is estimated to range between 100 and 1,000 individuals, while the number of mature individuals is thought to be less than 250. No silky sifakas are kept in captivity, such as in zoos.
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fur of their mother's chest for nearly four weeks and then switch to riding on her back. As with other eastern rainforest sifakas, the infants of this species develop rapidly. This may be due to assistance in the care of infants by all group members (known as
1127:. However, dispersal has only been observed once with a young adult male, which left his natal group and proceeded to oust an older male from a group in which he had been a member for seven years. Female dispersal and group transfer has not yet been observed.
389:, a name which refers to the species' sneeze-like "zzuss" alarm vocalizations. The calls are emitted in a variety of stressful circumstances such as presence of humans, falling trees, terrestrial predators, and after aggression between group members. The
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The tips of the ears protrude slightly above the fur on the rest of the head. Its eyes have a deep orange-red coloration. Its appearance is distinctive, and since no other sifakas share its range, it is not easily confused with other lemur species.
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924:), was rarely observed in this study. Prior to this, preliminary studies had reported that folivory accounted for 75% of the diet, while fruits and 15% was seed predation, 7% was flower consumption, and bark and soil made up the remainder.
332:(a special arrangement of the bottom, front teeth) prior to chest scent-marking. This chest marking results in males having brown-stained chests, the only visible trait that can be used to distinguish between adult males and adult females.
1205:. Males and females scent-mark in different ways: females rub their genital glands in an up-and-down motion against trees, while males may use their chest gland, genital glands, or a combination of both. Males also use their specialized
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to gouge trees before scent-marking with their chest—a behavior that leaves long-lasting visible marks. The gouging is thought to serve a role in communication and has no dietary component, since males do not eat the bark or tree gum.
952:
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1036:
2028:; Wallis, J.; Rylands, A. B.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Oates, J. F.; Williamson, E. A.; Palacios, E.; Heymann, E. W.; Kierulff, M. C. M.; Long Yongcheng; Supriatna, J.; Roos, C.; Walker, S.; Cortés-Ortiz, L.; Schwitzer, C. (eds.).
605:, he not only cited its mostly white fur, but also uncharacteristic traits such as a patch of orange on its crown and tufted ears. It was not observed again until 1986, when a team led by paleoanthropologist
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Duckworth, J. W.; Evans, M. I.; Hawkins, A. F. A.; Safford, R. J.; Wilkinson, R. J. (1995). "The lemurs of
Marojejy Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar: A status overview with notes on ecology and threats".
1296:. Its two largest protected areas, Masoala National Park and Marojejy National Park, have been the hardest hit. The disturbance caused by selective logging increases the likelihood of forest fires, helps
1150:, which is emitted in response to terrestrial disturbances, calls from lost group members, and aggression by other group members. Acoustic analyses of the "zzuss" vocalization have shown that the call's
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represents the northern limit of its current distribution, although historical sifaka range maps created by
Grandidier and Milne-Edwards in the late 19th century show the silky sifaka as far north as the
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with a gland on the chest and throat (the sternal gular gland). During mating season, the size of the "chest patch" increases to cover both the chest and abdomen as a result of increased scent marking.
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According to some studies, the silky sifaka spends most of its day resting and feeding (about 44 and 25%, respectively). It also devotes approximately 6.8% of the day to social behavior, such as
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given by western dry forest sifakas in which they emit an explosive, hiss-like "shee-faak" call several times in succession. On the east coast, local residents refer to the larger-bodied
2196:[Study of mountain ecosystems in the region of Madagascar. III. The Marojejy. IV. The Itremo and Ibity. Geomorphology, climatology, fauna and flora (RCP Campaign 225 1972–1973)]
864:). It is highly varied and includes many plant species. A two-month study from the mid-2000s showed that the silky sifaka can feed on as many as 76 species of plant from 42
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Male silky sifakas have a prominent chest patch due to scent marking (top), and all individuals lose skin pigment with age, leading to totally pink faces in some extreme cases (bottom).
2037:. Illustrated by S. D. Nash. Arlington, VA.: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI). pp. 23–26.
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Goodman, S. M.; Raherilalao, M. J.; Rakotomalala, D.; Raselimanana, A.; Schütz, H.; Soarimalala, V. (2003). "Les Lémuriens" [The lemurs]. In
Goodman, S.M.; Wilmé, L. (eds.).
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2194:"Étude des écosystèmes montagnards dans la région malgache. III. Le Marojezy. IV. L'itremo et l'ibity. Geomorphologie, climatologie, faune et flore (Campagne RCP 225, 1972–1973)"
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found only on
Madagascar. Although no aerial predators are known, the silky sifaka often watches the sky and emits loud "aerial disturbance" roars at the sight of the large
436:), but without the dark fur on its head or the ash-colored spot on the back. The first specimen was obtained in 1872 and provided by a "Monsieur Guinet", a planter from
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to the south. In addition to providing additional habitat for the silky sifaka, the corridors would promote genetic exchange between currently isolated populations.
590:). The species status of the silky sifaka, as well as other sifakas, does not have universal support: in 2007, Tattersall argued against species distinctions within
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priority over males during feeding. Like other eastern sifakas, it consumes mainly leaves and seeds, but also fruit, flowers, and even soil on occasion. It is a
311:). Studies in 2004 and 2007 compared external proportions, genetics, and craniodental anatomy supporting full species status, which has generally been accepted.
892:(9.49%). In the study, feeding upon these four plant families took up as much as 37.06% of the total feeding time for the silky sifaka: 16.09% on the fruit of
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group of four closely related, large-bodied, eastern-rainforest sifakas. The other three members of this group are the diademed sifaka, Perrier's sifaka, and
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853:, which is generally infrequent, occurs primarily during feeding, where females take priority over males, although submissive signals are not always obvious.
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sequencing) and by comparing external proportions. For example, the silky sifaka has a shorter tail. Their analysis indicated a closer relationship with
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682:) may slightly enlarge the known geographic range of this species. The presence of the silky sifaka has been documented within Marojejy National Park,
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The species is only found within a few protected areas in the rainforests of northeastern Madagascar, with the majority of the remaining population in
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its range the silky sifaka is not found below 700 m (2,300 ft) in altitude, possibly due to either hunting pressure or habitat preference.
733:). In Marojejy National Park, it is sympatric with the white-fronted brown lemur. In 2008, the silky sifaka was suggested to be sympatric with the
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Non-nutritive tree gouging in wild Milne-Edwards' sifakas (Propithecus edwardsi): Description and potential communicative functions (Abstract #283)
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Nouveaux résultats d'inventaires biologiques faisant référence à l'altitude dans la région des massifs montagneux de Marojejy et d'Anjanaharibe-Sud
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Rasolofoson, D.; Rakotondratsimba, G.; Rakotonirainy, O.; Rakotozafy, L. M. A.; Ratsimbazafy, J. H.; Rabetafika, L.; Randrianarison, R. M. (2007).
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compared to the length of its toothrow. Despite the promotion to full species status, the silky sifaka is still considered to be a member of the
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1319:. These corridors include the Betaolana Corridor between Marojejy and Anjananharibe-Sud and Makira, which will connect Anjananharibe-Sud with
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Upon further review in 1875, Grandidier demoted the silky sifaka to a variety or "race" of the diademed sifaka. By the time German zoologist
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in Marojejy National Park. Both the teachers and the students showed interest and genuine concern about the plight of the silky sifaka.
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frequently despite its moderately sized vocal repertoire consisting of seven adult calls. Like all other lemurs, it relies strongly on
2119:"Influences des pressions anthropiques sur les lémuriens d'Anantaka, dans la partie est du plateau de Makira, Maroantsetra, Madagascar"
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674:. As of 2009, new observations of a few groups of the silky sifaka in unprotected forest fragments adjacent to northeastern Makira (
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behavioral biology, communication, and feeding ecology. The silky sifaka has a variable social structure and is known to live in
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Mayor, M. I.; Sommer, J. A.; Houck, M. L.; Zaonarivelo, J. R.; Wright, P. C.; Ingram, C.; Engel, S. R.; Louis Jr., E. E. (2004).
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542:) of 42 chromosomes (2n=42), the silky sifaka was distinct from the diademed sifaka. This was shown through genetic tests (
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Plans are being made to both expand Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve and link existing parks and reserves in the region with
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have not been documented among female sifakas, including the silky sifaka, although seasonal hierarchies are known to occur.
347:, the Betaolana Corridor, and some unprotected forest fragments. The silky sifaka is hunted throughout its range as no local
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2328:) in the Makira Conservation Site at Andaparaty-Rabeson: Ranging, demography, and possible sympatry with red ruffed lemurs (
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for the protected areas in which it is found, particularly for Marojejy, which has recently been inaugurated as part of a
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The silky sifaka is confined to a small region of northeastern Madagascar within a strip of humid forest stretching from
3652:– a professional 50 minute HD film about illegal rosewood logging in Madagascar and the impact on the silky sifaka lemur
3168:"The role of taste preference and wealth in bushmeat hunting in villages adjacent to Marojejy National Park, Madagascar"
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New results of biological inventories referring to the altitude in mountainous region of Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-South
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3495:]. Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar (in French). Vol. VI. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
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440:. The specimen allowed both Grandidier and Milne-Edwards to more thoroughly describe the species based on its skin,
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2152:"Une merveille de la nature à Madagascar. Prémière exploration botanique du Massif du Marojejy et de ses satellites"
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A little of this, a lot of that: Specificity and variability in nonhuman primate vocal repertoires (Abstract #742)
2712:"Sex differences in the acoustic structure of an alarm vocalization in a monomorphic primate: Wild silky sifakas (
694:, and the Tsaratanana Corridor. In 2008, 16 groups were discovered in western Marojejy near Antsahaberoaka.
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The silky sifaka's diet is similar to that of other eastern rainforest sifakas, consisting primarily of leaves (
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2408:"Ecogeographic size variations in sifakas: a test of the resource seasonality and resource quality hypotheses"
2154:[A wonder of nature in Madagascar. First botanical exploration of Morojejy Massif and its satellites]
2984:) in Madagascar: sex differences and seasonal effects in usage and response across multiple scent-mark types"
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on top of scent marks made by other group members, particularly females. Males also gouge trees with their
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Nonmaternal infant care often occurs in silky sifakas. A mother carrying more than her own infant is rare.
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and colleagues followed by adopting the full species status of the silky sifaka for the second edition of
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2763:) "antipredator" vocalizations: Weak evidence for "aerial predator" but not "terrestrial predator" calls"
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2121:[Influence of human pressure on lemur groups on the Makira Plateau, Maroantsetra, Madagascar].
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Schilling, A. (1979). "Olfactory communication in prosimians". In Doyle, G. A.; Martin, R. D. (eds.).
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Irwin, M. T. (2006). "Chapter 14: Ecologically Enigmatic Lemurs: The Sifakas of the Eastern Forests (
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in Madagascar. Extract from a letter addressed to Mr. Milne Edwards, from Mr. Alf. Grandidier.].
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3181:(Special Issue). XXII Congress of the International Primatological Society: 222–223. Archived from
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accounted for 34%, and seed predation made up 11%. The consumption of flowers, as well as soil (
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2586:) diet, feeding ecology, and habitat use in Marojejy National Park, Madagascar (Abstract #143)
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1292:, has become one of the greatest threats to the silky sifaka's habitat, especially since the
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are estimated to range from 34 to 47 ha (84 to 116 acres), varying in size by location.
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In 1974, Tattersall spotted what he thought was a color variant of the silky sifaka north of
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A comparison of scent overmarking in two species of wild rainforest sifakas: silky sifakas (
2371:]. Sciences Biologiques (in French). Recherches Pour le Développement. pp. 279–286.
1146:) and other small birds. Another, more general alarm call is the loud, sneeze-like "zzuss"
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in 2006. Although Groves maintained the silky sifaka as a subspecies in the 3rd edition of
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in 2005, he recognized it as a distinct species in 2007 by acknowledging the work of Mayor
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Guillaumet, J. L.; Betsch, J. M.; Blanc, C.; Morat, P.; Peyrieras, A.; Paulian, R (1975).
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de Madagascar. Extrait d'une Lettre adressée à M. Milne Edwards, par M. Alf. Grandidier"
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primates. Like other eastern rainforest sifakas, it has several specialized glands for
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1265:) and fuel-wood, also occurs within the protected areas where it is found. Unlike the
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3042:"The existence and potential function of "totem-tree" scent-marking in silky sifakas (
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and also noting the additional distinction that the silky sifaka has relatively long
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Schwarz, E. (1931). "A revision of the genera and species of Madagascar Lemuridae".
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Carte Blanche news program featuring the silky sifaka and illegal rosewood logging
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Schwarz placed all sifakas into two species, the larger diademed sifaka from the
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2269:"Rapid census of lemur populations in the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar"
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Milne-Edwards, A.; Grandidier, A. (1872). "Description d'une nouvelle espèce de
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1509:"Exploring the function of "Zzuss" alarm vocalizations in wild silky sifakas (
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288:. It is one of the rarest mammals on Earth. The silky sifaka is one of nine
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The only documented predator of the silky sifaka, other than humans, is the
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According to the most recent IUCN Red List assessment, the silky sifaka is
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369:) and fuel-wood, also occurs within the protected areas where it is found.
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2624:"Alloparental care (including allonursing) in free-ranging silky sifakas (
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670:. It is not known if the silky sifaka has ever ranged as far south as the
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353:(taboo) exists against eating this species. Habitat disturbance, such as
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had become a taxonomic synonym for the species, with the original name,
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420:. Grandidier's description was based on his own observations north of
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The silky sifaka was initially described in 1871 by French naturalist
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in northeast Madagascar. Describing it as such eight years later in
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2031:
Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010
1226:
Silky sifakas and other lemur species are hunted within their range.
916:
spp. In sum, folivory accounted for 52% of the feeding time, while
4048:
3725:
3507:
2481:
1585:
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences
1278:
1262:
1198:
1090:
921:
877:
873:
857:
366:
123:
3661:
Silky sifaka documentary on Erik Patel's research in Marojejy N.P.
3607:
Tattersall, I. (1982). "The Living Species of Malagasy Primates".
2806:"Quantifying the vocal repertoire of wild adult diademed sifakas (
2804:
Patel, E. R.; Anderson, J. D.; Irwin, M. T.; Owren, M. J. (2005).
3737:
3395:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
912:
651:
598:
495:
of the west and south. At the time, both species comprised four
437:
143:
4109:
3660:
2759:"Assessing production specificity of free ranging silky sifaka (
1772:"Madagascar's lemurs: Cryptic diversity or taxonomic inflation?"
868:. Its favorites included primarily tree species, but also some
4078:
3882:
3731:
3719:
3547:
2757:
Patel, E. R.; Coke, C. S.; Ritchie, A.; Santorelli, C. (2003).
2622:
Patel, E. R.; Coke, C. S.; Ritchie, A.; Santorelli, C. (2003).
2393:
2063:
2061:
1907:
1415:
1115:
543:
289:
173:
133:
113:
3643:
2292:"Lemurs of the Reserve Special d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, Madagascar"
1936:
1934:
1932:
1106:
Although arboreal, silky sifakas sometimes play on the ground.
3763:
3754:
3425:
Harcourt, C. (1990). "Introduction". In Thornback, J. (ed.).
2628:) in a primary northeastern montane rainforest in Madagascar"
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
1289:
869:
726:
713:
In the Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, the silky sifaka is
293:
271:
76:
70:
3671:
Silky sifaka expert from Madagascar receives Seacology Prize
3428:
Lemurs of Madagascar and the Comoros: The IUCN Red Data Book
3017:
Andrianandrasana, L. H.; Patel, E. R.; Wright, P.C. (2007).
2914:
2501:"Activity budget, ranging, and group size in silky sifakas (
2230:
2058:
814:. Group sizes range from two to nine individuals, while the
444:, and skull. Upon those findings, they changed the name to
3646:- Documentary Film about Silky Sifakas and Rosewood Logging
3016:
2902:. National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin
1929:
1825:
424:
in the last few months of 1870. He then named the species
377:
The name "sifaka" is a reference to a common general alarm
3081:"Rainforests of the Atsinanana (Madagascar) — ID No. 1257"
2756:
2621:
2448:
2191:
3656:
Wildlife photographer Kevin Schafer's silky sifaka photos
780:
503:, a subspecies of the diademed sifaka. In his 1982 book
477:
L'Histoire politique, physique et naturelle de Madagascar
475:
Color print of the silky sifaka from Alfred Grandidier's
441:
275:
2375:
2082:"Les populations reliques de primates: les Propithèques"
3486:
2803:
1640:
1602:
397:, is Latin for "white", while the specific name of the
3705:
3243:
872:. The most prominent plant families in the diet were
658:
may represent the northwestern range limit within the
3244:
Patel, E. R.; Marshall, J. J.; Parathian, H. (2005).
3088:
World Heritage Nomination — IUCN Technical Evaluation
2321:
1154:
structure differs between individuals and by gender.
3250:) conservation education in Northeastern Madagascar"
3010:
1804:
1513:): moderate evidence for individual distinctiveness"
1507:
Patel, E. R.; Anderson, J. D.; Owren, M. J. (2006).
1193:, the silky sifaka does not directly scent-mark its
662:. The southern limit of its range appears to be the
428:
due to its white color, which he likened to that of
3515:; Konstant, W.R.; Meyers, D.M.; Mast, R.B. (1994).
2710:Patel, E. R.; Anderson, J. D.; Owren, M.J. (2005).
1551:
1539:
1300:take root, impairs habitat, and causes the loss of
416:in a formally published letter to French zoologist
3489:Histoire naturelle des mammifères, Tome 1, Texte i
3318:
2935:
2709:
2112:
2110:
1506:
1277:) against eating this species, and the hunting of
1089:Silky sifakas are known to occasionally eat soil (
3072:
2541:"Non-maternal infant care in wild Silky sifakas (
2405:
2160:Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar
2084:[Relic populations of primates: sifakas]
1762:
1760:
1596:
613:and identified it as a new species, named as the
513:upheld this classification. When anthropologist
278:. It has a very restricted range in northeastern
4253:
3125:spp.) within Marojejy National Park, Madagascar"
2266:
2226:
2224:
2203:Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
594:, claiming the decisions were made prematurely.
3487:Milne-Edwards, A. & Grandidier, A. (1875).
2406:Lehman, S. M.; Mayor, M.; Wright, P.C. (2005).
2107:
2079:
1658:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
1165:(smell-based) communication, as with all other
624:
3493:The natural history of mammals, Book 1, Part i
3287:. Marojejy National Park. 2007. Archived from
3282:"The Lemurs of Marojejy and Anjananharibe-Sud"
2574:
2572:
2322:Patel, E. R.; Andrianandrasana, L. H. (2008).
2185:
1757:
1651:
1649:
3691:
3114:
3112:
2973:
2971:
2931:
2929:
2534:
2532:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2289:
2221:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1563:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1177:on the chest, found only in males, and mixed
1110:Like all other lemurs, the silky sifaka is a
3321:Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms
3274:
3165:
3039:
2578:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2260:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1821:
1819:
1696:"Craniodental characters in the taxonomy of
1693:
1426:
1424:
1288:of precious hardwoods, such as rosewood and
343:. A few groups have also been found in the
4262:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
3561:. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (2nd ed.).
3521:. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (1st ed.).
3206:
3159:
3033:
2569:
2356:
2143:
1646:
1502:
1500:
788:large brown patch of fur that results from
487:and the smaller Verreaux's sifaka from the
404:is derived from the Greek word for "silk".
3698:
3684:
3606:
3237:
3200:
3121:"Logging of rare rosewood and palisandre (
3109:
2968:
2926:
2850:
2797:
2750:
2703:
2582:A preliminary study of wild silky sifaka (
2529:
2487:
2399:
2283:
2067:
1766:
1676:
1569:
1463:
221:
48:
29:
3587:
3466:)". In Gould, L.; Sauther, M. L. (eds.).
3150:
3140:
3129:Madagascar Conservation & Development
2920:
2844:
2662:
2615:
2415:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2306:
2134:
2123:Madagascar Conservation & Development
2073:
1946:
1816:
1787:
1726:
1421:
1345:
4297:Species endangered by logging for timber
3424:
3209:"Preliminary study of the silky sifaka (
2936:Patel, E. R.; Girard-Buttoz, C. (2008).
2883:
1940:
1611:)" [Description of a new species of
1497:
1431:Simons, E. L. (1988). "A new species of
1221:
1096:
1079:
820:
706:, and the most elevated portions of low
470:
4302:Species endangered by selective logging
3650:Dan Rather Reports Marojejy Documentary
3342:Mammals of Madagascar, A Complete Guide
3339:
2469:
2149:
1655:
1435:(Primates) from northeast Madagascar".
1021:Sound made when an individual gets lost
4254:
3380:
3358:
3316:
2980:"Scent-marking in wild silky sifakas (
2892:"Primate Factsheets: Diademed sifaka (
1919:
1810:
1557:
1545:
1430:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
4282:Critically endangered fauna of Africa
4030:
4029:
3679:
3445:
3118:
2977:
2668:
2538:
2498:
2381:
2080:Wilmé, L.; Callmander, M. W. (2006).
2023:
1694:Groves, C. P.; Helgen, K. M. (2007).
1479:"Adult Silky Sifaka Vocal Repertoire"
1161:The silky sifaka uses well-developed
979:Roar given in response to large birds
741:) near Maherivaratra and Andaparaty.
534:showed that despite having a similar
499:, and the silky sifaka was listed as
324:for communication. Males frequently
251:Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier, 1872
4292:Species endangered by slash-and-burn
3644:Trouble in Lemur Land by Earth Touch
3078:
3050:International Journal of Primatology
2988:International Journal of Primatology
2947:International Primatological Society
2889:
2862:International Primatological Society
2594:International Primatological Society
2234:International Journal of Primatology
1839:International Journal of Primatology
1707:International Journal of Primatology
1517:International Journal of Primatology
1376:
1261:), logging of precious woods (e.g.,
812:multiple-male/multiple-female groups
274:characterized by long, silky, white
2851:Owren, M. J.; Patel, E. R. (2008).
2267:Sterling, E.; McFadden, K. (2000).
1641:Milne-Edwards & Grandidier 1875
1357:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1332:
904:spp., 6.52% on the young leaves of
282:, where it is known locally as the
13:
3166:Nielson, M.; Patel, E. R. (2008).
3040:Ritchie, A.; Patel, E. R. (2006).
2579:Queslin, E.; Patel, E. R. (2008).
1851:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000029127.31190.e9
1670:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1931.tb01020.x
1071:Problems playing these files? See
929:
517:reviewed the taxonomy in his book
14:
4318:
3627:
3366:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
3207:Kelley, E.; Mayor, M. I. (2002).
1476:
725:) and an all-black population of
363:illegal logging of precious woods
3859:Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur (
2290:Schmid, J.; Smolker, R. (1998).
1053:
1032:
1011:
990:
969:
948:
764:
753:
715:shares the same geographic range
684:Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve
341:Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve
90:
4307:Taxa named by Alfred Grandidier
3590:The Study of Prosimian Behavior
3551:; Konstant, W.R.; Hawkins, F.;
3325:. Mayfield Publishing Company.
2814:American Journal of Primatology
2767:American Journal of Primatology
2720:American Journal of Primatology
2632:American Journal of Primatology
1217:
524:the populations were distinct.
3469:Lemurs: Ecology and Adaptation
3400:Johns Hopkins University Press
3309:
3056:(Suppl 1): 504. Archived from
3023:) and Milne-Edwards' sifakas (
2994:(Suppl 1): 496. Archived from
2324:"Low elevation silky sifakas (
1523:(Suppl 1): 504. Archived from
1294:2009 Malagasy political crisis
744:
538:(the number and appearance of
16:A large lemur from Madagascar
1:
3634:Lemur Conservation Foundation
3611:. Columbia University Press.
3257:Laboratory Primate Newsletter
2716:) of Northeastern Madagascar"
1326:
1247:Rainforests of the Atsinanana
843:vertical clinging and leaping
501:P. diadema candidus
3431:. World Conservation Union.
3392:; Reeder, D. M (eds.).
3344:. A&C Black Publishers.
3211:Propithecus diadema candidus
2761:Propithecus diadema candidus
2626:Propithecus diadema candidus
2210:(309): 29–67. Archived from
1924:Propithecus diadema candidus
1621:Revue et Magasin de Zoologie
1384:"Checklist of CITES Species"
1273:), there is no local taboo (
1063:Another type of contact call
910:, and 6.02% on the fruit of
688:Makira Forest Protected Area
625:Geographic range and habitat
372:
345:Makira Forest Protected Area
7:
4272:Endemic fauna of Madagascar
3213:) in north-east Madagascar"
2808:Propithecus diadema diadema
1203:urinate while scent-marking
796:
567:Mammal Species of the World
407:
10:
4323:
3841:Peyrieras's woolly lemur (
3609:The Primates of Madagascar
3563:Conservation International
3523:Conservation International
1255:slash-and-burn agriculture
1185:in both sexes. Unlike the
958:General purpose alarm call
939:Silky sifaka vocalizations
603:The Primates of Madagascar
355:slash-and-burn agriculture
299:), and one of four former
4287:Mammals described in 1871
4038:
4012:
3958:
3899:
3880:
3776:
3752:
3714:
3706:Extant species of family
3263:(3): 8–11. Archived from
2671:"Silky sifaka predation (
1776:Evolutionary Anthropology
1719:10.1007/s10764-007-9226-5
1481:. SIMPONA. Archived from
1181:-sebaceous glands on the
965:"Aerial disturbance" roar
719:white-fronted brown lemur
244:
237:
229:
220:
202:
195:
87:Scientific classification
85:
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
3928:Milne-Edwards's sifaka (
3832:Sambirano woolly lemur (
1237:The silky sifaka is the
898:, 8.43% on the seeds of
668:Makira Conservation Site
3946:Golden-crowned sifaka (
3868:Betsileo woolly lemur (
3850:Southern woolly lemur (
3796:Bemaraha woolly lemur (
3639:Recent Research Article
3226:: 16–18. Archived from
2692:: 25–27. Archived from
2558:: 39–42. Archived from
2518:: 42–45. Archived from
2482:Mittermeier et al. 1994
2394:Mittermeier et al. 2006
2345:: 18–22. Archived from
2096:: 24–31. Archived from
1908:Mittermeier et al. 2006
1570:Grandidier, A. (1871).
1416:Mittermeier et al. 2006
1271:Propithecus tattersalli
619:Propithecus tattersalli
609:captured specimens for
3823:Western woolly lemur (
3814:Moore's woolly lemur (
3805:Eastern woolly lemur (
3555:; et al. (2006).
3317:Borror, D. J. (1960).
3142:10.4314/mcd.v2i1.44124
2136:10.4314/mcd.v2i1.44126
1572:"Observations sur les
1227:
1107:
1094:
934:
826:
643:Marojejy National Park
506:Primates of Madagascar
480:
418:Alphonse Milne-Edwards
337:Marojejy National Park
4277:Mammals of Madagascar
4222:Paleobiology Database
3119:Patel, E. R. (2007).
3029:. Prosimian Congress.
2978:Patel, E. R. (2006).
2669:Patel, E. R. (2005).
2539:Patel, E. R. (2007).
2499:Patel, E. R. (2006).
2024:Patel, E. R. (2009).
1578:[Observations on
1321:Masoala National Park
1267:golden-crowned sifaka
1245:cluster known as the
1232:critically endangered
1225:
1114:, and are thought to
1105:
1088:
933:
847:Dominance hierarchies
824:
704:sclerophyllous forest
615:golden-crowned sifaka
584:Milne-Edwards' sifaka
474:
434:Propithecus verreauxi
55:Critically Endangered
4084:propithecus-candidus
4070:Propithecus candidus
4040:Propithecus candidus
3558:Lemurs of Madagascar
3518:Lemurs of Madagascar
3448:Propithecus candidus
3340:Garbutt, N. (2007).
3248:Propithecus candidus
3044:Propithecus candidus
3025:Propithecus edwardsi
3021:Propithecus candidus
2982:Propithecus candidus
2890:Gron, K. J. (2008).
2714:Propithecus candidus
2673:Propithecus candidus
2584:Propithecus candidus
2543:Propithecus candidus
2503:Propithecus candidus
2326:Propithecus candidus
2150:Humbert, H. (1955).
1828:"Specific status of
1617:Propithecus sericeus
1609:Propithecus sericeus
1511:Propithecus candidus
1364:: e.T18360A115573359
1350:Propithecus candidus
944:"Zzuss" vocalization
907:Plectaneia thouarsii
895:Pachytrophe dimepate
664:Antainambalana River
660:Tsaratanana Corridor
633:in the south to the
588:Propithecus edwardsi
561:Lemurs of Madagascar
552:Propithecus perrieri
462:Propithecus candidus
426:Propithecus candidus
267:Propithecus candidus
206:Propithecus candidus
3978:Coquerel's sifaka (
3969:Verreaux's sifaka (
2923:, pp. 461–542.
2894:Propithecus diadema
2484:, pp. 249–250.
2472:, pp. 187–189.
2396:, pp. 431–455.
2384:, pp. 305–326.
1943:, pp. 204–205.
1910:, pp. 383–387.
1643:, pp. 300–302.
1623:. 2nd (in French).
1437:Folia Primatologica
1418:, pp. 341–344.
1251:Habitat disturbance
1243:World Heritage Site
839:arboreal locomotion
556:Russell Mittermeier
485:eastern rainforests
40:Conservation status
3937:Perrier's sifaka (
3861:A. ramanantsoavani
3592:. Academic Press.
3390:Wilson, D. E.
3382:Groves, C. P.
3097:on 26 October 2012
2773:(Suppl 1): 71–72.
2726:(Suppl 1): 46–47.
2677:Cryptoprocta ferox
2427:10.1002/ajpa.10428
2246:10.1007/BF02735803
2070:, pp. 99–101.
1789:10.1002/evan.20126
1346:Patel, E. (2020).
1317:wildlife corridors
1257:(known locally as
1228:
1144:Buteo brachypterus
1140:Madagascar buzzard
1136:cat-like carnivore
1108:
1095:
1049:"Mum" vocalization
1028:"Hum" vocalization
935:
827:
700:montane rainforest
692:Betaolana Corridor
481:
4247:
4246:
4209:Open Tree of Life
4032:Taxon identifiers
4023:
4022:
4008:
4007:
3987:Decken's sifaka (
3910:Diademed sifaka (
3893:
3789:
3549:Mittermeier, R.A.
3509:Mittermeier, R.A.
3479:978-0-387-34585-7
3438:978-2-88032-957-0
3409:978-0-8018-8221-0
3373:978-1-56098-872-4
3351:978-0-300-12550-4
3332:978-0-87484-053-7
2826:10.1002/ajp.20150
2779:10.1002/ajp.10085
2732:10.1002/ajp.20150
2644:10.1002/ajp.10086
2296:Fieldiana Zoology
2273:Fieldiana Zoology
2044:978-1-934151-34-1
2026:Mittermeier, R.A.
1449:10.1159/000156340
1302:genetic diversity
1121:alloparental care
1103:
1086:
1058:
1037:
1016:
1000:Submissive signal
995:
974:
953:
831:personal grooming
804:male-female pairs
723:Eulemur albifrons
672:Masoala Peninsula
509:, anthropologist
446:P. sericeus.
430:Verreaux's sifaka
414:Alfred Grandidier
399:taxonomic synonym
258:
257:
252:
80:
63:
4314:
4240:
4239:
4230:
4229:
4217:
4216:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4178:
4177:
4165:
4164:
4152:
4151:
4139:
4138:
4126:
4125:
4113:
4112:
4100:
4099:
4087:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4027:
4026:
3996:Crowned sifaka (
3897:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3622:
3603:
3584:
3544:
3504:
3483:
3442:
3421:
3398:(3rd ed.).
3386:"Order Primates"
3377:
3364:Primate Taxonomy
3355:
3336:
3324:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3254:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3217:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3172:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3144:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3090:. Archived from
3085:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2949:. Archived from
2944:
2933:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2900:Primate Info Net
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2864:. Archived from
2859:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2828:. Archived from
2810:) in Madagascar"
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2781:. Archived from
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2734:. Archived from
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2683:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2646:. Archived from
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2596:. Archived from
2591:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2549:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2496:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2437:. Archived from
2412:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2319:
2304:
2303:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2199:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2174:. Archived from
2157:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2047:. Archived from
2036:
2021:
1944:
1938:
1927:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1861:. Archived from
1836:
1823:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1739:. Archived from
1730:
1713:(6): 1363–1383.
1704:
1691:
1674:
1673:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1485:on 15 April 2013
1474:
1461:
1460:
1443:(1–2): 143–151.
1428:
1419:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1343:
1298:invasive species
1239:flagship species
1112:seasonal breeder
1104:
1087:
1060:
1059:
1039:
1038:
1018:
1017:
997:
996:
976:
975:
955:
954:
932:
779:its long, white
768:
757:
735:red ruffed lemur
656:Androranga River
611:captive breeding
548:Perrier's sifaka
520:Primate Taxonomy
458:P. sericeus
317:seasonal breeder
250:
230:Distribution of
225:
208:
188:P. candidus
95:
94:
74:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
20:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4233:
4225:
4220:
4212:
4207:
4199:
4196:Observation.org
4194:
4186:
4181:
4173:
4168:
4160:
4155:
4147:
4142:
4134:
4129:
4121:
4116:
4108:
4103:
4095:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4004:
3954:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3876:
3852:A. meridionalis
3825:A. occidentalis
3786:(woolly lemurs)
3785:
3784:
3782:
3772:
3748:
3710:
3704:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3600:
3573:
3533:
3480:
3439:
3410:
3402:. p. 120.
3374:
3352:
3333:
3312:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3294:on 14 July 2011
3291:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3252:
3246:"Silky Sifaka (
3242:
3238:
3230:
3215:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3188:on 23 July 2011
3185:
3170:
3164:
3160:
3117:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3038:
3034:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2976:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2956:on 23 July 2011
2953:
2942:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2871:on 23 July 2011
2868:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2832:on 18 July 2011
2820:(Suppl 1): 48.
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2785:on 18 July 2011
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2738:on 18 July 2011
2708:
2704:
2696:
2681:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2650:on 18 July 2011
2638:(Suppl 1): 71.
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2603:on 23 July 2011
2600:
2589:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2547:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2507:
2497:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2449:
2441:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2334:
2320:
2307:
2288:
2284:
2265:
2261:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2068:Tattersall 1982
2066:
2059:
2051:
2045:
2034:
2022:
1947:
1939:
1930:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1873:
1865:
1834:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1702:
1692:
1677:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1601:
1597:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1505:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1464:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1344:
1333:
1329:
1286:Illegal logging
1220:
1175:sebaceous gland
1125:sexual maturity
1097:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1001:
998:
991:
988:
982:
981:
980:
977:
970:
967:
961:
960:
959:
956:
949:
946:
940:
936:
930:
835:social grooming
808:one-male groups
799:
776:
775:
774:
773:
772:
769:
760:
759:
758:
747:
639:Marojejy Massif
627:
607:Elwyn L. Simons
580:P. diadema
410:
383:diademed sifaka
375:
309:P. diadema
305:diademed sifaka
216:
210:
204:
191:
89:
81:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4320:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4231:
4218:
4205:
4192:
4179:
4166:
4153:
4140:
4127:
4114:
4101:
4088:
4075:
4060:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3948:P. tattersalli
3943:
3934:
3925:
3919:Silky sifaka (
3916:
3906:
3904:
3894:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3628:External links
3626:
3624:
3623:
3617:
3604:
3598:
3585:
3571:
3545:
3531:
3513:Tattersall, I.
3505:
3484:
3478:
3464:P. tattersalli
3443:
3437:
3422:
3408:
3378:
3372:
3356:
3350:
3337:
3331:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3273:
3270:on 2011-07-28.
3236:
3233:on 2011-07-23.
3199:
3158:
3108:
3071:
3060:on 25 May 2024
3032:
3009:
2998:on 25 May 2024
2967:
2925:
2921:Schilling 1979
2913:
2882:
2843:
2796:
2749:
2702:
2699:on 2011-07-23.
2675:) by a fossa (
2661:
2614:
2568:
2565:on 2011-07-23.
2528:
2525:on 2011-07-23.
2486:
2474:
2447:
2444:on 2011-07-20.
2421:(3): 318–328.
2398:
2386:
2374:
2355:
2352:on 2011-07-23.
2305:
2298:. New Series.
2282:
2275:. New Series.
2259:
2240:(3): 545–559.
2220:
2217:on 2012-03-26.
2184:
2181:on 2012-03-26.
2142:
2106:
2103:on 2011-07-23.
2072:
2057:
2054:on 2011-07-23.
2043:
1945:
1928:
1912:
1871:
1868:on 2011-07-14.
1845:(4): 875–900.
1815:
1803:
1768:Tattersall, I.
1756:
1675:
1664:(2): 399–428.
1645:
1630:
1595:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1527:on 25 May 2024
1496:
1462:
1420:
1401:
1375:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1219:
1216:
1173:, including a
1068:
1062:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1004:
999:
989:
986:Chatter squeal
984:
983:
978:
968:
963:
962:
957:
947:
942:
941:
938:
937:
928:
927:
926:
862:seed predation
798:
795:
770:
763:
762:
761:
752:
751:
750:
749:
748:
746:
743:
648:Bemarivo River
641:in the north.
626:
623:
511:Ian Tattersall
454:lemur taxonomy
409:
406:
374:
371:
365:(particularly
256:
255:
254:
253:
242:
241:
235:
234:
227:
226:
218:
217:
211:
200:
199:
193:
192:
185:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
83:
82:
69:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4319:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4250:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3843:A. peyrierasi
3839:
3837:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3620:
3618:0-231-04704-5
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3599:0-12-222150-8
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3572:1-881173-88-7
3568:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3532:1-881173-08-9
3528:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:Groves, C. P.
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3314:
3290:
3283:
3277:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3240:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3203:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3113:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3079:IUCN (2007).
3075:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2972:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2917:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2800:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2753:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2618:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2330:Varecia rubra
2327:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2225:
2213:
2209:
2206:(in French).
2205:
2204:
2195:
2188:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:(in French).
2161:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2125:(in French).
2124:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2092:(in French).
2091:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1941:Harcourt 1990
1937:
1935:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1813:, p. 89.
1812:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1746:on 2012-02-27
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1588:(in French).
1587:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1560:, p. 91.
1559:
1554:
1548:, p. 21.
1547:
1542:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1501:
1484:
1480:
1477:Patel, E. R.
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:of the genus
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:scent-marking
1168:
1167:strepsirrhine
1164:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
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1133:
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1126:
1122:
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987:
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896:
891:
888:(10.13%) and
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:) and seeds (
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
823:
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817:
813:
809:
805:
794:
791:
790:scent marking
785:
782:
767:
756:
742:
740:
739:Varecia rubra
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:Maherivaratra
677:
676:Antohaka Lava
673:
669:
666:, within the
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
622:
620:
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541:
537:
533:
530:
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522:
521:
516:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
494:
493:spiny forests
490:
486:
478:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:standardized
451:
450:Ernst Schwarz
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
405:
403:
400:
396:
392:
391:specific name
388:
384:
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370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
312:
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306:
302:
298:
295:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
273:
270:) is a large
269:
268:
263:
249:
246:
245:
243:
240:
236:
233:
228:
224:
219:
214:
213:A. Grandidier
209:
207:
201:
198:
197:Binomial name
194:
190:
189:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:Strepsirrhini
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
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99:
98:
93:
88:
84:
78:
72:
67:
61:
56:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Silky sifaka
22:
19:
4249:
4039:
4014:
3998:P. coronatus
3997:
3988:
3980:P. coquereli
3979:
3971:P. verreauxi
3970:
3960:P. verreauxi
3959:
3947:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3918:
3911:
3900:
3881:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3816:A. mooreorum
3815:
3806:
3797:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3744:Strepsirhini
3608:
3589:
3556:
3516:
3492:
3488:
3472:. Springer.
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3427:
3394:
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3341:
3320:
3296:. Retrieved
3289:the original
3276:
3265:the original
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3228:the original
3223:
3219:
3210:
3202:
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3183:the original
3178:
3174:
3161:
3135:(1): 11–16.
3132:
3128:
3122:
3099:. Retrieved
3092:the original
3087:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:the original
3053:
3049:
3043:
3035:
3027:) (Abstract)
3026:
3022:
3018:
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3000:. Retrieved
2996:the original
2991:
2987:
2981:
2958:. Retrieved
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2916:
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2685:
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2470:Garbutt 2007
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2342:
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2329:
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1842:
1838:
1829:
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1710:
1706:
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1661:
1657:
1624:
1620:
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1604:
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1589:
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1579:
1574:Propithèques
1573:
1565:
1553:
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1520:
1516:
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1361:
1355:
1349:
1314:
1306:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1258:
1236:
1229:
1218:Conservation
1212:
1195:conspecifics
1190:
1160:
1156:
1148:vocalization
1143:
1129:
1109:
1070:
1042:Contact call
918:fruit-eating
911:
905:
899:
893:
855:
828:
800:
786:
777:
738:
730:
722:
712:
708:ericoid bush
696:
635:Andapa Basin
631:Maroantsetra
628:
618:
602:
596:
591:
587:
579:
571:
565:
559:
551:
531:
526:
518:
515:Colin Groves
504:
500:
482:
476:
461:
457:
445:
433:
425:
422:Antongil Bay
411:
401:
394:
386:
379:vocalization
376:
358:
348:
334:
313:
308:
296:
284:
283:
266:
265:
262:silky sifaka
261:
259:
247:
231:
205:
203:
187:
186:
174:
18:
4131:iNaturalist
4064:Wikispecies
3989:P. deckenii
3939:P. perrieri
3930:P. edwardsi
3921:P. candidus
3883:Propithecus
3870:A. betsileo
3834:A. unicolor
3553:Louis, E.E.
3460:P. perrieri
3456:P. edwardsi
3310:Books cited
3175:Primate Eye
2896:) Behavior"
1920:Groves 2005
1830:Propithecus
1811:Groves 2001
1698:Propithecus
1613:Propithecus
1605:Propithèque
1580:Propithecus
1558:Borror 1960
1546:Borror 1960
1433:Propithecus
1390:. UNEP-WCMC
1199:allomarking
1187:true lemurs
890:Apocynaceae
816:home ranges
745:Description
731:Indri indri
650:, north of
621:) in 1988.
592:Propithecus
576:molar teeth
540:chromosomes
489:dry forests
297:Propithecus
248:P. sericeus
232:P. candidus
175:Propithecus
4256:Categories
3912:P. diadema
3901:P. diadema
3807:A. laniger
3798:A. cleesei
3742:Suborder:
3452:P. diadema
3220:Lemur News
3152:10535/6813
2686:Lemur News
2552:Lemur News
2512:Lemur News
2382:Irwin 2006
2339:Lemur News
2302:: 227–240.
2279:: 265–274.
2090:Lemur News
1750:2010-07-06
1728:1885/35492
1627:: 273–274.
1592:: 231–232.
1327:References
1253:, such as
1073:media help
886:Clusiaceae
884:(12.65%),
880:(12.87%),
876:(20.30%),
851:Aggression
497:subspecies
326:scent-mark
301:subspecies
280:Madagascar
150:Suborder:
73:Appendix I
3890:(sifakas)
3718:Kingdom:
3708:Indriidae
3581:883321520
3501:494592496
3123:Dalbergia
2172:175062995
2166:: 1–210.
2129:: 21–27.
1782:: 12–23.
1310:eco-tours
1207:toothcomb
1163:olfactory
882:Myrtaceae
841:known as
536:karyotype
527:In 2004,
464:, taking
456:in 1931,
373:Etymology
330:toothcomb
292:species (
182:Species:
164:Indriidae
110:Kingdom:
104:Eukaryota
4049:Wikidata
4016:Category
3766:I. indri
3738:Primates
3732:Mammalia
3726:Chordata
3724:Phylum:
3720:Animalia
3541:32480729
3418:62265494
3384:(2005).
3362:(2001).
3298:3 August
3192:4 August
3101:4 August
3064:4 August
3002:4 August
2960:4 August
2875:4 August
2836:4 August
2789:4 August
2742:4 August
2654:4 August
2607:4 August
2435:15386235
1859:40948241
1798:54727842
1770:(2007).
1737:22899861
1619:)].
1531:4 August
1394:18 March
1279:bushmeat
1263:rosewood
1183:genitals
1179:apocrine
1152:acoustic
1091:geophagy
922:geophagy
878:Fabaceae
874:Moraceae
866:families
858:folivory
797:Behavior
637:and the
466:priority
408:Taxonomy
402:sericeus
395:candidus
367:rosewood
239:Synonyms
160:Family:
144:Primates
134:Mammalia
124:Chordata
120:Phylum:
114:Animalia
100:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
4267:Sifakas
4237:5456762
4214:1046413
4175:1000982
4123:5786030
4110:7250889
4055:Q763853
3764:Indri (
3736:Order:
3730:Class:
2906:30 June
2254:1858645
1457:3148530
1368:20 July
1191:Eulemur
913:Eugenia
717:as the
654:. The
652:Sambava
599:Vohemar
438:Sambava
387:simpona
285:simpona
170:Genus:
140:Order:
130:Class:
75: (
58: (
4234:uBio:
4227:385221
4201:206855
4188:543560
4149:944092
4079:ARKive
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1489:5 July
1455:
870:lianas
810:, and
690:, the
686:, the
572:et al.
544:D-loop
532:et al.
479:(1892)
290:sifaka
215:, 1871
4162:18360
4136:74958
4097:77Y49
3962:group
3903:group
3779:Avahi
3755:Indri
3491:[
3388:. In
3292:(PDF)
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1855:S2CID
1835:(PDF)
1794:S2CID
1744:(PDF)
1733:S2CID
1703:(PDF)
1388:CITES
1290:ebony
1132:fossa
901:Senna
727:indri
529:Mayor
322:scent
294:genus
272:lemur
77:CITES
71:CITES
4183:NCBI
4157:IUCN
4144:ITIS
4118:GBIF
3613:ISBN
3594:ISBN
3577:OCLC
3567:ISBN
3537:OCLC
3527:ISBN
3497:OCLC
3474:ISBN
3433:ISBN
3414:OCLC
3404:ISBN
3368:ISBN
3346:ISBN
3327:ISBN
3300:2010
3194:2010
3103:2010
3066:2010
3004:2010
2962:2010
2908:2010
2877:2010
2838:2010
2791:2010
2744:2010
2656:2010
2609:2010
2431:PMID
2168:OCLC
2039:ISBN
1832:spp"
1662:1931
1533:2010
1491:2010
1453:PMID
1396:2015
1370:2020
1362:2020
1275:fady
1259:tavy
1134:, a
1116:mate
1007:Howl
678:and
554:).
491:and
442:coat
359:tavy
350:fady
339:and
260:The
4170:MDD
4105:EoL
4092:CoL
3147:hdl
3137:doi
2822:doi
2775:doi
2728:doi
2640:doi
2423:doi
2419:126
2242:doi
2131:doi
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