Marojejy National Park

1281: 549:, the revenue from which could benefit the people living in the periphery of the park. With a decree (no. 98-375) in May 1998, the reserve became a national park. The boundaries were renegotiated, particularly in the western and northwestern regions of the park, and this time using clear natural landmarks, such as ridge crests, as markers. The size of the park was adjusted to 60,050 ha (231.9 sq mi), with some western communities gaining access to untouched forest zones while communities in the northwest lost agricultural land. Approximately 5,000 ha (19 sq mi) had been illegally cleared within the park and are still part of the park. There are now 91 boundary markers and the boundaries are 1647: 1272: 1685: 1471: 514: 1117: 54: 1519: 1503:. The population did not increase noticeably until the early 1970s when construction of the Andapa–Sambava road was completed, connecting the region to the coast. This improved transportation route encouraged agricultural development and spawned another wave of immigration. Over the next 30 years, it was estimated that the population tripled, with more than 100,000 people living in the region by 2003. With 37 villages surrounding Marojejy, the population density is one of the highest in Madagascar and it continues to grow. The dominant 1618:, are still mined within the boundaries of the park, while slash and burn agriculture and wood collection for firewood and construction continue to cause the periphery to recede. These pressures are growing strong as the population in the region continues to increase. In 2003, approximately 200,000 people lived within 40 km (25 mi) of the park, 80% of whom were farmers that were still dependent upon the forest for agricultural land and various products, such as honey, firewood, and plant fibers, as well as tree bark from plants of the family 1336: 783: 70: 1290: 1451: 526:

boundaries, which initially was permitted under the conditions that they did not extend their cultivated land into the park or allow others to join them. The families were later expelled for violating these conditions. Many families from the local communities did not understand why such a large area so rich in resources and necessary for their survival was forbidden to them, and between the late 1980s and 1993, they stopped honoring the status of the park. They began clearing the outer edges of the reserve to start plantations of

1327: 1554:). The swamps which formerly covered vast areas of Andapa Basin have been converted to rice paddies which are intensively cultivated; however the Tsimihety traditionally practice slash and burn techniques on the hillsides in preference to irrigated rice fields. Coffee was an important cash crop before market prices fell in the 1970s, but vanilla remains an important crop for the area. Until the mid-2000s, vanilla prices were high, but they have since fallen off significantly. The crash of vanilla prices, along with a 1433: 1370: 687: 1442: 3504: 3910: 538:(WWF) and the Service des Eaux et Forêts renewed conservation efforts in the area, evicted the people living inside the reserve, and renegotiated the borders with the local community, based on the 1966 decree. Trails and posts were then used to clearly mark the edges of the reserve. In the years following these events, many communities living near the borders of the park have become more involved in forest surveillance, and deforestation has fallen off sharply to only a few 574: 939: 3865: 77: 774:, are softer and weather out faster. This layered composition, in combination with the north-facing 45-degree angle at which the rocks are tilted, accounts for the asymmetric character of the peaks. The northern slopes dip moderately, while the southern faces are typically near-vertical cliffs where the rocks fractured counter to the layered grain. The cliff named Ambatotsondrona, with its sheer, south-facing rock wall, is an example. 3893: 1366:(25 mi) from Andapa. The park has a single trail that leads from the information center in Manantenina to the highest peak. The path into the rain forest is divided into three treks that vary in length and lead to each of the three main camps, each of which is situated at different altitudes and offer views of their own distinctive flora and fauna. 629: 1424:) can be seen here, and a nearby stream teems with a diverse collection of frog species. Camp Simpona also serves as a basecamp for the steep climb to the summit of Marojejy Massif, one of Madagascar's highest but most accessible peaks. The climb to the peak stretches 2 km (1.2 mi) and takes four to five hours. 1403:

name for the silky sifaka, which is found in the area. The trail leads to Camp Marojejia, located at an elevation of 775 m (2,543 ft) at the transition between lowland and montane rain forest. The camp sits on a mountainside, and its dining area overlooks a forested outcrop of rock, which

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in the south. The crests of the massif form an east–west line with a series of distinct peaks along its irregular structure, which consists of parallel or divergent crest lines broken apart by steep and irregular slopes. Rising 2,000 m (6,600 ft) over as little as 8 km (5.0 mi),

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During October 2005, reports surfaced showing that boundary markers were being moved with the approval of park employees and that areas within the park were being cleared for agriculture. In January 2006, the Park Logistics Coordinator was fired for moving boundary markers while employed as the Park

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Illegal logging has been facilitated by insufficient governance, unclear forest regulation, and undermined judicial control while the exportation of the acquired logs (in 1992, 2006, and 2009–2010) has been permitted by government decrees that either precede elections or are issued during periods of

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The Marojejy Summit Trek continues up the mountain for another 2 km (1.2 mi) to Camp Simpona, which is in the middle of the moist montane forest at an elevation of 1,250 m (4,100 ft). There is a ridge with a viewing platform built on it near the camp. Despite the stunted height

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The vegetation of Marojejy National Park is extremely diverse due to the various microclimates. The microclimates also affect plant growth rates, with the wet eastern slopes showing faster plant growth, the dry western slopes exhibiting slower plant growth, and the plants on the ridge tops hindered

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rapidly transitions to high mountain shrubland over a distance that can be covered on foot. Also due to the rugged topography, the vegetative mosaic varies between the crests and slopes of the massif, even at the same elevations. For example, crests and adjoining slopes often have less than 20% of

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One path leads from the entrance of the park to the summit. There are three camps along the route: Camp Mantella at 450 m (1,480 ft) in elevation in lowland rainforest, Camp Marojejia at 775 m (2,543 ft) at the transition between lowland and montane rain forest, and Camp Simpona

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The first section of the path, known as the Mantella Trek, takes visitors just inside the park entrance, and leads to a picnic area after the first 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The first camp, Camp Mantella, is 4.5 km (2.8 mi) further along the path. The camp is in the lowland rain forest

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and have extremely low populations. Only three of these palm species can be found outside of Madagascar, and seven can only be found at Marojejy. More than 275 fern species are present in the rainforests of the massif, 18 of which are tree ferns and seven are found only at Marojejy. Many of

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become more abundant as elevation increases. The lower temperatures cause moisture to condense onto surfaces without forming mist. The transition between the lowland rainforests and the mid-altitude rainforest is gradual. The canopy reaches heights of 18–25 m (59–82 ft), and sun-loving

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offering wooden chalets or bungalows, in addition to having a kitchen and toilet facilities at each of its three main camps inside a primary rainforest. The housing provides beds and basic bedding, while the kitchen and eating areas are covered and offer basic cooking utensils. These three camps

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drape the branches of the trees. At least 122 species of fern are found in this zone. Temperatures are lower, and heavy clouds brought in by eastern winds blanket the forest. Endemism is very high at this altitude, particularly between the various peaks due to long isolation. The area is

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of the mountain and consequently experience a prolonged dry period. The tops of the ridges experience strong winds and offer poor soil conditions. The effect can be seen in the plant life and their growth rates. The wide range in elevations and the rugged topography also play a crucial role in

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Marojejy was set aside as one of Madagascar's strict nature reserves in 1952 largely due to Humbert's enthusiasm and support. Under this protection, only research scientists were permitted to visit the site. In 1998, Marojejy was converted into a national park and thus became open to visitors.

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Temperatures in the region are fairly constant, with both the daily temperature range and the seasonal range varying only slightly. February is the hottest month, averaging 25 °C (77 °F), while August is the coolest, averaging 19 °C (66 °F). Climbing the peaks, temperature

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in 1966, the park's status as a strict nature reserve was reaffirmed, and its boundaries were marked by 89 points. From these markers, the size of the park was estimated at 60,150 ha (232.2 sq mi). At the time, two families were living 450 m (1,480 ft) within the park

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in March 2009, thousands of woodcutters intensely logged precious hardwoods for six to eight weeks in the SAVA Region. An estimated 52,000 tons of rosewood lumber, or nearly 100,000 trees, were logged that year, with one-third of the total coming from Marojejy National Park and the

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Payment of the entrance fees, renting of the facilities, and hiring of guides, cooks, and porters are handled at either the park headquarters in Andapa or the Park Visitor Center in Manantenina, which is along the main Andapa-Sambava road, 66 km (41 mi) from Sambava and 40 km

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for the region hovers around 87% throughout most of the year, although it rises to 97% between March and April. Rain falls every month on the southern side of the mountain, with the region receiving at least 2,300 mm (91 in) of rain annually, making it one of the wettest areas in

1676:, are typically cut to make rafts for floating the heavier hardwoods down rivers and out of the parks. Rosewood trees are cut into multiple logs for easier transport, and five or more high-buoyancy trees are cut per hardwood log. To tie the rafts together, the loggers cut thousands of 981:: At 1,400 to 1,800 m (4,600 to 5,900 ft) and covering 11.5% of the surface area of the park, the trees are significantly shorter, gnarled and stunted, with the canopy extending to a maximum height of only 10 or 15 m (33 or 49 ft). The most common plant families are 617:

Madagascar. The northern side of the mountain is more tropical, with a 6-month dry season, and receives about 1,500 mm (59 in) of rain per year. The general region receives the most rainfall during the warm season, from November through April, when heavy rain and occasional

1159:(64%) found in or around Marojejy are forest-dwelling birds, a total that surpasses any other mountain site in Madagascar. All of these forest-dependent bird species are endemic to Madagascar and utilize the forest for some portion of their life-cycle. One of these birds is the 651:, fluctuations in temperature, and humidity levels. The interplay between these factors impacts the growth and development of plants, which form the foundation of the ecosystem. The result is an extremely varied and unevenly distributed forest that covers 90% of the park. 1680:

or vines, which are used by 75% of the forest fauna as avenues for moving around in the canopy. The logging activities are labor-intensive and dangerous. The labor employs the impoverished local population, but the officials who facilitate the process primarily benefit.

1597:, conservation awareness, and improved education and health care have also furthered the goal of protecting the environment and promoting livelihoods centered on the remaining forest. Limited and responsible ecotourism is also seen as a long-term alternative to continued 1016:-like cover, over thin, rocky soils. Soil conditions, along with the cool temperatures, windy conditions, and low rainfall limits the vegetation, which reaches a maximum height of 2 m (6.6 ft). Low, dense thickets of shrubs dominate, although terrestrial 1486:

The Andapa Basin, surrounded by the high, rugged mountains of Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud, was extremely remote and difficult to access until relatively recently. As a consequence, the area was not permanently settled until the mid-1800s, when refugees fled the

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and Antanetiambo Private Reserve, to protect the endemic flora and fauna that reside in northeastern Madagascar. In addition, these organizations have implemented a variety of community-based initiatives to mitigate human encroachment on the park, such as

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have not halted the degradations of Marojejy National Park. The hunting of lemurs, including the silky sifaka, is a persistent problem, as is the harvesting of precious hardwoods, such as rosewood and palissandre. Semi-precious gemstones, such as

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political instability. The trade is organized and operated by high-ranking officials and influential businessmen. Additionally, the trade in Malagasy rosewood is not regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (

1491:. Nearly half a century later, another wave of refugees settled in the area, this time fleeing from French colonists. The population in the region, however, remained relatively small, despite a last small wave of immigration following 461:

explored the mountains in 1948. Humbert had previously explored numerous mountain ranges in continental Africa before going to Marojejy. Between November 1948 and November 1950, he spent five months collecting 4,039 dried plant

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Both temperature and rainfall vary significantly by location within the park. Lower temperatures are found at higher elevations, and the eastern slopes of the massif receive most of the rainfall, since the western slopes lie in the

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includes the peak named Ambatotsondrona, or "Leaning Rock". This camp is reported to be the best location for spotting the silky sifaka, although the staff recommend that visitors hire a specialist tracker to aid in the search.

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The highest, most rugged peaks of Marojejy owe their form to the gneiss from which they are made. The gneiss consists of alternating bands of light and dark colored minerals. The light minerals, consisting mostly of quartz and

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that formed under high pressure and temperature deep beneath the ancient mountain range. In places where heat and pressure were highest, the rock melted completely and eventually recrystallized at depth as granite, an

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Marojejy National Park covers 55,500 ha (214 sq mi) and protects almost the entire massif, which ranges in elevation from 75 to 2,132 m (246 to 6,995 ft) at the summit. The massif is part of a

3146:; Wallis, J.; Rylands, A.B.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Oates, J.F.; Williamson, E.A.; Palacios, E.; Heymann, E.W.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; Long Yongcheng; Supriatna, J.; Roos, C.; Walker, S.; Cortés-Ortiz, L.; Schwitzer, C. (eds.). 443: 950:: Between 800 and 1,400 m (2,600 and 4,600 ft) and also covering 38% of the surface area of the park, trees and shrubs become increasingly smaller due to lower temperatures and poorer soils, and 3299: 794:

Marojejy National Park is noted for its rich biodiversity, which can appeal to both scientist and ecotourist. There are a wide range of habitats within the park, and many of its plants and animals are

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Marojejy has one trail leading to the summit, with three camps, including Camp Marojejia (left), and views of geological features, such as Ambatotsondrona (right), covered in virgin rain forest.

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diversity at Marojejy is also rich, higher than any other protected area in Madagascar. A total of 148 species have been inventoried, and 17 of these are found only in Marojejy, including

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to the area. Scientific expeditions regularly discover species that are either not previously documented in Marojejy, or in some cases, completely new to science. Some new species are highly

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in 2007. "Unique in the world, a place of dense, jungly rainforests, sheer high cliffs, and plants and animals found nowhere else on earth", Marojejy National Park has received plaudits in the

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Garreau, J.-M.; Manantsara, A. (2003). "The protected area complex of the Parc National de Marojejy and the Réserve Spéciale de Anjanaharibe-Sud". In Goodman, S.M.; Benstead, J.P. (eds.).

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The park is unable to accommodate large groups. Because of the rugged terrain and variable temperatures, the Bradt Travel Guide also recommended advanced planning for visiting the park.

3155:. Illustrated by S.D. Nash. Arlington, VA.: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI). pp. 23–26. 3238: 633: 1359:

have basic tent sites for campers. Tent campsites are also offered outside the park, while the only other overnight accommodations outside the park are in Andapa and Sambava.

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on the island. Several studies from the early 1970s through the 1990s surveyed the mountain ecosystems and inventoried the flora and fauna. In 2007, Marojejy was listed as a

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has only been seen once at the park, although one old nest and traces of its feeding have been found at various elevations. Other mammals include at least 15 species of

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The wealth of species of well-known groups of animals demonstrates the depth of the biodiversity found at Marojejy National Park. For example, 75 of the 118 species of

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decreases by 1 °C per 200 m of increased altitude (1 °F per 360 ft), and temperatures on the summit decline to 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) in July. The

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The boundaries of Marojejy National Park were originally established by approximation when the park was established in 1952. With a second decree (no. 66-242) from the

1717:. As a result, the park was closed briefly, but reopened in May 2009. In 2010, the situation improved in Marojejy, but illegal logging intensified in Masoala and the 1632:, a local sugarcane spirit. Additionally, inappropriate use of the park or excessive visitation by guests could also pose a threat to the fragile high-altitude scrub. 438:

and extends approximately 32 km (20 mi) from east to west and 22 km (14 mi) from north to south. It is centered on the chain of mountains known as

1589:) established programs to help local residents, many local people work to improve their situation through environmental and health education programs. An increase in 3314: 850:: Below 800 m (2,600 ft), species diversity is the highest due to abundant rainfall, consistently warm weather, and protection from strong winds. The 3456: 2949:"Welcome to Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud: A collection of information for visitors to Marojejy National Park and Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, Madagascar" 1229: 1459:

The trail to the summit at Marojejy National Park stops at three camps along the way, Camp Mantella (left), Camp Marojejia (center), and Camp Simpona (right).

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in Madagascar. Better growing conditions for plants can be found on the eastern side of the mountains, which receives more rain than the western side. This

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The wide range of elevations and rugged topography of the massif create diverse habitats that transition quickly with changes in altitude. Warm, dense

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Goodman, Steven M., ed. (2000). "A floral and faunal inventory of the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar: with reference to elevational variation".

1555: 1390:); many species of bird, such as the helmet vanga; as well as a variety of amphibians and reptiles, such as leaf-tailed geckos, leaf chameleons (genus 667: 1152:" since the inception of the list in 2000. According to estimates, fewer than 1,000 individuals of this species remain, and none exist in captivity. 439: 295: 3037:

Goodman, Steven M. (2000). "Chapter 1: Description of the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar, and the 1996 biological inventory of the reserve".

3418: 553:. Intermediate boundary markers are placed between existing markers to demarcate the edges of the park during disputes with the local community. 133: 447: 1748: 1522:

Fiber for weaving, like many other materials utilized in the traditional lifestyles of the people of the region, is obtained from the forests.

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Goodman, Steven M.; Jenkins, Paulina D. (2000). "Chapter 11: Tenrecs (Lipotyphla: Tenrecidae) of the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar".

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in Madagascar can be found. Unlike all other high mountain scrub on the island, it has not been altered by fire. The region has an open,

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Sterling, Eleanor; McFadden, Karen (2000). "Chapter 13: Rapid census of lemur populations in the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar".

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epiphytes, shrubs, and other forest floor species take advantage of the elevated light levels. The increased humidity also favors

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the Marojejy Massif has some of the most precipitous terrain in Madagascar. As a result of this sharp rise in elevation and rugged

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recommending April to May and September to December as the best times to visit due to less rainfall. The park is one of the only

450:. Arragon did not conduct any field research during his visit. The massif was not geologically described until after the French 466:) specimens for study. After several expeditions, he published the book "A Marvel of Nature" in 1955, in which he claimed the 1562:. Between January and April, before the main rice harvest, many people in the region do not receive enough food to eat. The 422:

for the trek to the summit, a route that stretches 2 km (1.2 mi) and can take up to four or five hours to traverse.

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above the Manantenina River at an elevation of 450 m (1,480 ft). The camp is 800 m (2,600 ft) from the

3972: 3967: 3899: 3465: 2948: 1355: 3962: 3881: 3415:– a professional 50 minute HD film about illegal rosewood logging in Madagascar and the impact on the silky sifaka lemur 557:

Conservation Agent and selling the 9 ha (0.035 sq mi) of park land to a local farmer for 2 million

1708:). Some of this material was reportedly logged from eastern and northeastern parts of the park. At the start of the 470:

was the most impressive range in all of Madagascar because of its size, floral diversity, and pristine natural state.

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Carleton, Michael D.; Goodman, Steven M. (2000). "Chapter 12: Rodents of the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar".

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In 2005, illegal logging of rosewood was reported to have occurred more than 20 times. In 2007 at the port cities of

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Sclerophyllous montane cloudforest, as seen from the summit, has shorter trees than the forests in the lowland areas.

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Une merveille de la nature à Madagascar. Première exploration botanique du massif du Marojejy et de ses satellites

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in 1952. In 1998, it was opened to the public when it was converted into a national park. It became part of the

670:, which originates from the northern slopes of Marojejy. Both rivers travel towards Sambava and drain into the 545:

In 1998, the WWF requested that the government of Madagascar relax the restrictions on the reserve to allow for

3776: 3686: 3629: 2036:"World Heritage Committee inscribes Rainforests of Atsinanana (Madagascar) on List of World Heritage in Danger" 2035: 1709: 1104:, and specimens are rarely found in the surrounding 5 km (3.1 mi) surrounding the park. The latter, 1008:: Above 1,800 m (5,900 ft) on only 1.5% of the surface area of the park, the last remaining mountain 625:. During the cooler season, between May and October, lighter rains are delivered by winds from the southeast. 498: 478: 39: 3097:. Série B, Biologie Végétale 6 (in French). Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. pp. 1–210. 2785: 1408:

of the trees in this high-altitude region, silky sifakas can occasionally be spotted from the bungalows. The

298:, a mountain chain that rises to an elevation of 2,132 m (6,995 ft). Access to the area around the 3736: 3721: 3691: 3665: 3614: 1641: 1578: 494: 490: 446:, Marojejy was not surveyed until 1937 when L.-J. Arragon of the Service Géographique de Madagascar ascended 331: 311: 714:

beneath an ancient mountain range that has since eroded away completely. The bedrock is composed mostly of

3807: 3766: 3588: 3538: 1417: 1203: 1121: 3761: 3746: 3701: 3696: 3660: 3568: 3558: 3518: 3111: 1504: 1409: 565:). In 2010, a new demarcation adjusted the size the park down to 55,500 ha (214 sq mi). 390:. At least 118 species of bird, 148 species of reptile and amphibian, and 11 species of 3916: 3855: 3681: 3543: 3116: 1582: 1574: 1527: 1064: 690:

The cliff named Ambatotsondrona, like the rest of the highest peaks at Marojejy, is composed mostly of

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of precious hardwood, which not only dries out the forest (making it susceptible to fire), introduces

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The next 2 km (1.2 mi) along the path is known as the Simpona Trek; the name comes from the

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formed when quartz-rich sands were deposited on the bedrock, and were then buried and recrystallized (

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can be found at lower elevations, followed by shorter forests at higher elevations, followed still by

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View of the surrounding mountains from the summit of Marojejy Massif at 2,132 m (6,995 ft)

3771: 3716: 3711: 3624: 3619: 3528: 2010: 1752: 1160: 655: 343: 342:, have sought to promote research and conservation programs in Marojejy National Park, neighboring 326:

for its natural beauty and rich biodiversity that encompasses critically endangered members of the

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at 1,250 m (4,100 ft) in the middle of the montane rainforest. Camp Simpona acts as a

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The local people have traditionally utilized material from the forest, whether for use in their

1251:), and many species of frogs are also reported from this locality. Invertebrates include large 3741: 3634: 3604: 1570:—particularly that of imported rice—has made obtaining food more difficult for rural families. 1515:, although other groups from the southern part of the island have also established themselves. 1020:

and miniature palms and bamboos are also present. The dominant families of plant are Poaceae,

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in Malagasy, is a type of hardwood with a lustrous deep red color, while palisandre, such as

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crystals mined in the region today. In more recent geological times, the area's abundant

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As with the rest of Madagascar, the rocks of Marojejy National Park were once part of the

8: 3827: 3593: 3553: 3493: 3143: 3102: 1718: 1670:, but also violates local taboos and traditions. Additional species, such as species of 1663: 1534:(dugout canoes), to provide fiber for weaving, to provide firewood, to gather leaves for 1351: 1303: 486: 481:, Marojejy is now recognized as having its own unique features, with some of the richest 419: 307: 1298:

Marojejy National Park is rich in biodiversity and is home to the critically endangered

442:. Despite a scientific survey of some of the other mountains in the region by the 1929 3271: 1586: 1566:, which includes Marojejy, is the poorest region in Madagascar, and in 2011, continued 1097: 1092: 1083: 800: 454: 315: 2664: 430:

Marojejy National Park is located in the northeast of Madagascar between the towns of

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creation of the varied habitats distributed across the mountain slopes by affecting

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and a visible change in habitat, making it one of the few places in the world where

3817: 3337:. Study Report No. 40. International Council for Bird Preservation. pp. 1–184. 3261: 3253: 3204: 3194: 1659: 1101: 875: 851: 821: 726: 247: 2888: 2641: 2521: 1646: 858:

is dense with tall trees reaching heights of 25–35 m (82–115 ft). Many

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and steady decrease in cultivatable land, has resulted in widespread and extreme

927: 894:), is found in disturbed areas. The most common families of flowering plant are 817: 2955: 1040:

Of the many plant species found in Marojejy, 35 are palms, several of which are

330:. To that end, a global consortium of conservation organizations, including the 3812: 3409:- Documentary film in HD about silky sifaka lemurs and illegal rosewood logging 1547: 1488: 1479: 1195: 859: 837: 735: 699: 659: 583: 558: 364: 303: 3412: 302:

was restricted to research scientists when the site was set aside as a strict

3931: 3503: 3134: 3025: 2138: 1844: 1610: 1598: 1379: 1168: 1087: 1029: 931: 903: 666:, which is sourced from the western and southern slopes of Marojejy, and the 477:

Originally seen as a transition zone between the eastern rainforests and the

356: 283: 148: 135: 43: 1470: 934:. The lowland rainforest region covers 38% of the surface area of the park. 820:(angiosperms) have been discovered at the park so far. At least four plant 678:, a narrow mid-elevation strip of forest extending west and slightly south. 3609: 3257: 3199: 3178: 1704:, authorities confiscated thousands of logs valued at millions of dollars ( 1594: 1299: 1179: 1137: 1129: 1045:

these fern species are very rare and have highly restricted distributions.

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are known to occur within Marojejy National Park. One of the lemurs, the

3802: 3300:"Bois de rose de Madagascar: Entre démocratie et protection de la nature" 2457: 2455: 2453: 1563: 1543: 1492: 1174:

In addition to the silky sifaka, Marojejy is home to 10 other species of

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in valleys or who plant on hillsides that have been cleared and burned (

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formed in cracks in the bedrock; these are the source of the quartz and

674:. Marojejy is connected to the Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve by the 294:. It covers 55,500 ha (214 sq mi) and is centered on the 3469: 1688:

Rosewood leaves the park by being floated downstream to waiting trucks.

1518: 1187: 1025: 986: 951: 895: 825: 771: 596: 546: 371: 291: 92: 3266: 3209: 2450: 2311: 2066: 2054: 1979: 1807: 1693: 1496: 874:

are also present, with 130 species of fern known from this zone.

862:

measure over 30 cm (12 in) in diameter. A great variety of

2137:. The Friends of Marojejy National Park. January 2006. Archived from 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2039: 1889: 1701: 1508: 1392: 1335: 1252: 1247: 1234: 1218: 1128:

Marojejy National Park is best known for its two iconic species, the

1054: 1021: 1009: 982: 964: 960: 899: 884: 747: 686: 463: 379: 53: 3149:

Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010

2824: 2822: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 1441: 1326: 513: 3101: 2894: 2668: 2548: 2530: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1697: 1619: 1615: 1432: 1049: 867: 796: 763: 743: 703: 348: 2878: 2876: 2839: 2837: 1654:

Madagascar's northeastern rain forests are severely threatened by

1450: 1373:

Marojejy National Park's visitor center is located in Manantenina.

782: 2819: 2694: 2692: 2418: 2287: 2078: 1967: 1672: 1573:

Not only have international environmental organizations (such as

1559: 1531: 1500: 1214: 1183: 829: 767: 755: 715: 707: 622: 618: 539: 527: 435: 121: 3401: 2809: 2807: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2631: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2160: 2158: 2156: 1918: 816:

by high winds and poor soils. More than 2,000 species of

497:

and trafficking of valuable hardwoods, and especially after the

3396: 2900: 2873: 2861: 2849: 2834: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2299: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 1790: 1624: 1474:

Most people in the area surrounding Marojejy National Park are

1256: 1191: 1167:), which prior to being reported in 1990, had not been seen by 1017: 1013: 994: 739: 719: 691: 531: 467: 451: 431: 299: 117: 3406: 2689: 2572: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1100:." The park has few large specimens of the former two due to 710:

of Marojejy formed over 500 million years ago during the

274: 3875: 3464: 2804: 2757: 2560: 2323: 2256: 2170: 2153: 1726: 1677: 1260: 1175: 999: 391: 3239:"Rosewood of Madagascar: Between democracy and conservation" 2704: 2608: 2397: 2201: 938: 573: 363:

initiatives to promote a sustainable alternative to mining,

2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2726: 2724: 1767: 1156: 956: 871: 268: 262: 253: 27:

National park in the Sava region of northeastern Madagascar

3428: 2000:"Rainforests of the Atsinanana (Madagascar) — ID No. 1257" 998:

also highly susceptible to fire due to its thick layer of

807:, very little is known and much remains to be discovered. 271: 265: 3431:– Information, photos, maps, brochures, and species lists 1650:

Rosewood is illegally logged from Marojejy National Park.

1058:), all of which are endemic to Madagascar. Rosewood, or 723: 718:

rocks, although it also contains a significant amount of

3335:

A Wildlife Survey of Marojejy Nature Reserve, Madagascar

2736: 2721: 2467: 2440: 2438: 1833:"In Madagascar, Endangered Lemurs Find a Private Refuge" 1538:, or to flavor their drinks. Most of the residents are 843:

There are four basic types of forest found at Marojejy:

2978:(9th ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 343–347. 2954:. Marojejy National Park. pp. 1–28. Archived from 2679: 2677: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2536: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 1382:, and offers opportunities to see lemurs, such as the 3853: 3109:; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). 2435: 2360: 2348: 2007:

World Heritage Nomination – IUCN Technical Evaluation

1178:, several of which are also endangered due mainly to 790:

is the iconic bird species of Marojejy National Park.

501:, the Rainforests of the Atsinanana was added to the 414:) is considered the iconic bird species of the park. 2674: 2596: 2496: 1955: 1906: 259: 2997:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 1451–1458. 2924: 2912: 2584: 2479: 2372: 959:and ferns. The families Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, 910:. The most common families of plants in the light 256: 250: 1943: 878:, which primarily includes bamboo, wild ginger or 3363: 3333:Safford, Roger J.; Duckworth, Will, eds. (1990). 3297: 3236: 2992: 2906: 2882: 2867: 2855: 2843: 2828: 2461: 2429: 2317: 2305: 2293: 2121: 2072: 2060: 2038:. World Heritage Convention. 2010. Archived from 1991: 1985: 1973: 1937: 1124:is one of many species of bird found at Marojejy. 3929: 3345: 3075: 2554: 2164: 1148:). The silky sifaka has been listed as one of " 1068:, lacks the red color. Of the three species of 637:Landscape and wildlife of Marojejy National Park 355:, by encouraging local communities to engage in 3062: 2946: 2813: 2772: 2715: 2698: 2635: 2578: 2412: 2342: 2250: 2195: 1794: 3217: 3049: 2778: 2566: 2281: 1743: 1741: 1350:Marojejy National Park is open all year, with 3450: 3375:Physical and vegetational profile of Marojejy 2127: 1048:Marojejy also contains several types of rare 803:. In the case of many large groups, such as 3364:Safford, Roger J.; Duckworth, Will (1990b). 3183:) within Marojejy National Park, Madagascar" 3020:. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. 3346:Safford, Roger J.; Duckworth, Will (1990). 3115:. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). 1890:"Marojejy National Park - How You Can Help" 1751:. Madagascar National Parks. Archived from 1738: 1316: 508: 459:National Museum of Natural History in Paris 58:Marojejy Massif and the surrounding forests 3457: 3443: 3179:"Logging of rare rosewood and palisandre ( 654:The mountains of both Marojejy and nearby 444:Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Américaine 3424:Carte Blanche Marojejy Documentary Part 2 3419:Carte Blanche Marojejy Documentary Part 1 3307:Madagascar Conservation & Development 3265: 3246:Madagascar Conservation & Development 3208: 3198: 3187:Madagascar Conservation & Development 2786:"Madagascar: Rice is 'becoming a luxury'" 608:their flowering plant species in common. 568: 3298:Randriamalala, Hery; Liu, Zhou (2010b). 3237:Randriamalala, Hery; Liu, Zhou (2010a). 1683: 1645: 1604: 1517: 1469: 1368: 1115: 937: 781: 685: 627: 572: 512: 3413:Dan Rather Reports Marojejy Documentary 3372: 3092: 3036: 2473: 2444: 2366: 2354: 1961: 1912: 1808:"Marojejy National Park - Introduction" 1150:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 404:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 14: 3930: 3357:History of scientific work in Marojejy 2947:Atkinson, Paul; Mathieu, Eric (2008). 2135:"News Updates: Marojejy National Park" 3438: 3429:The Friends of Marojejy National Park 3354: 3176: 3141: 2973: 2930: 2918: 2792:from the original on 18 February 2011 2751: 2730: 2683: 2602: 2590: 2542: 2515: 2490: 2391: 1949: 1830: 1609:The protections normally afforded to 1478:. Many burn hillsides to plant rice ( 758:is expected to be acidic to neutral. 3882: 3407:Trouble in Lemur Land by Earth Touch 1997: 1108:, is not found outside of the park. 621:are delivered from the northwest by 168:55,500 ha (214 sq mi) 3958:Protected areas established in 1952 2028: 499:2009 political crisis in Madagascar 24: 3953:Important Bird Areas of Madagascar 3402:Angels of the Forest Marojejy Film 2976:Madagascar: The Bradt Travel Guide 1863: 1635: 979:Sclerophyllous montane cloudforest 367:agriculture, and wood collection. 25: 3984: 3385: 2995:The Natural History of Madagascar 975:are the most common in this zone. 3908: 3891: 3863: 3502: 2788:. World News. 15 February 2011. 1449: 1440: 1431: 1334: 1325: 1288: 1279: 1270: 1136:) and the critically endangered 656:Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve 503:list of World Heritage in Danger 246: 76: 75: 68: 52: 3313:(Suppl 1): 1–56. Archived from 1465: 777: 386:lends itself to high levels of 225:/5welJdZVT?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww 1882: 1857: 1824: 1800: 1550:agriculture, known locally as 13: 1: 3397:Lemur Conservation Foundation 3220:Madagascar: A Natural History 2907:Randriamalala & Liu 2010b 2883:Randriamalala & Liu 2010a 2868:Randriamalala & Liu 2010a 2856:Randriamalala & Liu 2010a 2844:Randriamalala & Liu 2010a 2829:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 2462:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 2430:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 2318:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 2306:Safford & Duckworth 1990b 2294:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 2122:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 2073:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 2061:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 1986:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 1974:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 1938:Garreau & Manantsara 2003 1732: 1642:Illegal logging in Madagascar 1579:Wildlife Conservation Society 1511:(the first settlers) and the 1245:), leaf-tailed geckos (genus 985:, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, and 824:are found at all elevations: 517:Map of Marojejy National Park 491:Rainforests of the Atsinanana 332:Lemur Conservation Foundation 312:Rainforests of the Atsinanana 3943:National parks of Madagascar 3808:Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor 3392:Duke Lemur SAVA Conservation 3218:Preston-Mafham, Ken (1991). 2555:Sterling & McFadden 2000 2165:Safford & Duckworth 1990 1418:yellow-bellied sunbird-asity 1396:), and many types of frogs. 1356:national parks in Madagascar 1259:, and an abundance of small 1204:Madagascar sucker-footed bat 1122:Malagasy paradise-flycatcher 832:are generally common, while 7: 3973:Madagascar ericoid thickets 3968:Madagascar subhumid forests 3466:National Parks and Reserves 2814:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2773:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2716:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2699:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2636:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2579:Carleton & Goodman 2000 2413:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2343:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2251:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 2196:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 1795:Atkinson & Mathieu 2008 1568:rises in global food prices 1499:came to the region to grow 1410:rufous-headed ground-roller 1306:(center), and the colorful 989:. The ground layer in the 10: 3989: 3963:Madagascar lowland forests 3373:Safford, Roger J. (1990). 3117:Conservation International 2567:Goodman & Jenkins 2000 1831:Vance, Erik (2020-10-26). 1639: 1583:World Wide Fund for Nature 1575:Conservation International 1556:rapidly growing population 1190:, seven species of native 1065:Dalbergia madagascariensis 681: 536:World Wide Fund for Nature 425: 229:.com%2Ffiche-aire-protegee 3823:Mandena Conservation Zone 3785: 3674: 3648: 3511: 3500: 3476: 1866:"Saving the Silky Sifaka" 1710:Malagasy political crisis 1233:, two species of several 891:Ravenala madagascariensis 888:), and traveller's palm ( 340:Madagascar National Parks 216: 208: 203:Madagascar National Parks 198: 172: 164: 127: 113: 102: 63: 51: 37: 32: 1542:who cultivate irrigated 1540:subsistence rice farmers 1317:Camps and accommodations 1161:Madagascar serpent-eagle 1111: 1074:D. madagascariensis 948:Moist montane rainforest 810: 605:cloud-covered rainforest 590:in the northwest to the 523:government of Madagascar 509:Park boundaries and size 344:Anjanaharibe-Sud Reserve 209:World Heritage site 3177:Patel, Erik R. (2007). 3093:Humbert, Henri (1955). 2895:Mittermeier et al. 2010 2669:Mittermeier et al. 2010 2531:Mittermeier et al. 2010 1591:sustainable agriculture 3878:Marojejy National Park 3777:Tampoketsa Analamaitso 3477:Strict Nature Reserves 3258:10.4314/mcd.v5i1.57336 3200:10.4314/mcd.v2i1.44124 2974:Bradt, Hilary (2007). 1713:remainder from nearby 1689: 1651: 1523: 1507:in the region are the 1483: 1422:Neodrepanis hypoxantha 1388:Hapalemur occidentalis 1374: 1125: 1052:and palisandre (genus 993:is rich, and moss and 943: 791: 695: 638: 599:, it has a variety of 578: 569:Topography and habitat 518: 242:Marojejy National Park 33:Marojejy National Park 3838:Montagne des Français 3786:Other protected areas 3649:Marine National Parks 3355:Evans, M. I. (1990). 2464:, pp. 1454–1455. 2320:, pp. 1451–1452. 2075:, pp. 1456–1457. 2063:, pp. 1453–1454. 1988:, pp. 1452–1453. 1719:Makira Protected Area 1715:Masoala National Park 1687: 1649: 1605:Conservation concerns 1521: 1473: 1384:northern bamboo lemur 1372: 1119: 1042:critically endangered 941: 785: 689: 636: 576: 516: 3366:Timing of the survey 3142:Patel, E.R. (2009). 3112:Lemurs of Madagascar 1870:Smithsonian Magazine 1536:traditional medicine 1230:Chamaeleo peyrieresi 1146:Propithecus candidus 586:that stretches from 400:Propithecus candidus 323:Smithsonian Magazine 3828:Makira Natural Park 3320:on 12 November 2012 2754:, pp. 346–347. 2733:, pp. 345–346. 2557:, pp. 269–270. 2282:Preston-Mafham 1991 1476:subsistence farmers 1414:Atelornis crossleyi 1352:Bradt Travel Guides 1304:Malagasy kingfisher 1134:Euryceros prevostii 1072:found in Marojejy, 487:World Heritage Site 412:Euryceros prevostii 402:) is listed among " 308:World Heritage Site 199:Governing body 145: / 3640:Zombitse-Vohibasia 2042:on 17 January 2011 2016:on 26 October 2012 1837:The New York Times 1690: 1652: 1628:) used to ferment 1587:Care International 1524: 1484: 1380:Humbert waterfalls 1375: 1237:found there. The 1200:Cryptoprocta ferox 1126: 944: 848:Lowland rainforest 792: 696: 676:Betaolana corridor 639: 579: 519: 455:Jean-Henri Humbert 3851: 3850: 3793:Ambato Atsinanana 3524:Andasibe-Mantadia 3377:. pp. 19–21. 3368:. pp. 17–18. 3359:. pp. 15–16. 3285:on 27 August 2010 3229:978-0-8160-2403-2 3222:. Facts on File. 3162:978-1-934151-34-1 3144:Mittermeier, R.A. 3126:978-1-934151-23-5 3103:Mittermeier, R.A. 3078:Fieldiana Zoology 3065:Fieldiana Zoology 3052:Fieldiana Zoology 3039:Fieldiana Zoology 3014:Fieldiana Zoology 2985:978-1-84162-197-5 2545:, pp. 23–26. 2476:, pp. 20–21. 1864:Hendry, Erica R. 1668:genetic diversity 1622:(primarily genus 1495:when people from 1308:panther chameleon 1243:Furcifer pardalis 1239:panther chameleon 1224:Brookesia karchei 1182:. The nocturnal 1165:Eutriorchis astur 1036:, and Clusiaceae. 634: 614:relative humidity 592:Masoala Peninsula 479:central highlands 384:habitat diversity 353:selective logging 336:Duke Lemur Center 239: 238: 227:.parcs-madagascar 184:(Natural Reserve) 149:14.450°S 49.700°E 114:Nearest city 16:(Redirected from 3980: 3938:IUCN Category II 3921: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3904: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3884: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3859: 3818:Mahavavy-Kinkony 3732:Cap Sainte-Marie 3707:Anjanaharibe-Sud 3675:Special Reserves 3630:Tsimanampetsotsa 3600:Montagne d'Ambre 3506: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3319: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3284: 3278:. Archived from 3269: 3243: 3233: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3173: 3171: 3165:. Archived from 3154: 3138: 3098: 3085: 3072: 3059: 3046: 3029: 3008: 2989: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2960: 2953: 2940:Literature cited 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2832: 2826: 2817: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2755: 2749: 2734: 2728: 2719: 2713: 2702: 2696: 2687: 2681: 2672: 2666: 2639: 2633: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2519: 2513: 2494: 2488: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2448: 2442: 2433: 2427: 2416: 2410: 2395: 2389: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2254: 2248: 2199: 2193: 2168: 2162: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2015: 2009:. Archived from 2004: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1900: 1894:www.marojejy.com 1886: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1818: 1812:www.marojejy.com 1804: 1798: 1792: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1745: 1664:degrades habitat 1660:invasive species 1453: 1444: 1435: 1338: 1329: 1292: 1283: 1274: 1106:D. louvelii 1102:overexploitation 1093:D. louvelii 876:Secondary growth 818:flowering plants 727:metamorphic rock 668:Androranga River 662:, including the 635: 564: 534:. In 1993, the 290:of northeastern 281: 280: 277: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 235: 232: 230: 228: 226: 224: 222: 220: 193: 191: 183: 181: 160: 159: 157: 156: 155: 150: 146: 143: 142: 141: 138: 79: 78: 72: 56: 30: 29: 21: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3920:from Wikivoyage 3914: 3909: 3907: 3897: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3883:sister projects 3880:at Knowledge's 3874: 3864: 3862: 3854: 3852: 3847: 3843:Tsitongambarika 3833:Menabe Antimena 3781: 3670: 3666:Nosy Ve-Androka 3644: 3615:Nosy Ve-Androka 3507: 3498: 3472: 3463: 3388: 3383: 3350:. pp. 5–6. 3332: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3302: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3241: 3230: 3169: 3163: 3152: 3127: 3011: 3005: 2986: 2964: 2962: 2961:on 14 July 2011 2958: 2951: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2835: 2831:, p. 1457. 2827: 2820: 2812: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2771: 2758: 2750: 2737: 2729: 2722: 2714: 2705: 2701:, pp. 5–6. 2697: 2690: 2682: 2675: 2667: 2642: 2634: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2565: 2561: 2553: 2549: 2541: 2537: 2529: 2522: 2514: 2497: 2489: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2451: 2443: 2436: 2432:, p. 1455. 2428: 2419: 2411: 2398: 2390: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2324: 2316: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2296:, p. 1458. 2292: 2288: 2280: 2257: 2249: 2202: 2194: 2171: 2163: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2141:on 14 July 2011 2133: 2132: 2128: 2124:, p. 1454. 2120: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2002: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1976:, p. 1451. 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1944: 1940:, p. 1452. 1936: 1919: 1911: 1907: 1898: 1896: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1874: 1872: 1862: 1858: 1849: 1847: 1829: 1825: 1816: 1814: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1793: 1768: 1758: 1756: 1747: 1746: 1739: 1735: 1656:illegal logging 1644: 1638: 1636:Illegal logging 1607: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1446: 1445: 1437: 1436: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1331: 1330: 1319: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1285: 1284: 1276: 1275: 1208:Myzopoda aurita 1114: 1082:are listed as " 1079:D. baronii 928:Melastomataceae 856:primary forests 813: 780: 684: 660:drainage basins 649:air temperature 628: 571: 562: 559:Malagasy francs 511: 495:illegal logging 489:as part of the 440:Marojejy Massif 428: 296:Marojejy Massif 249: 245: 217: 194:(National Park) 189: 187: 185: 179: 177: 154:-14.450; 49.700 153: 151: 147: 144: 139: 136: 134: 132: 131: 98: 97: 96: 95: 89: 88: 87: 86: 80: 59: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3986: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3923: 3922: 3905: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3813:Loky-Manambato 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3687:Ambohijanahary 3684: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3589:Midongy du sud 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3539:Ankarafantsika 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3515: 3513: 3512:National parks 3509: 3508: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3462: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3387: 3386:External links 3384: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3340: 3339: 3330: 3295: 3234: 3228: 3215: 3181:Dalbergia spp. 3174: 3172:on 2011-07-23. 3161: 3139: 3125: 3099: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3073: 3060: 3047: 3031: 3030: 3009: 3003: 2990: 2984: 2971: 2943: 2936: 2935: 2923: 2911: 2899: 2897:, p. 657. 2887: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2833: 2818: 2803: 2777: 2756: 2735: 2720: 2703: 2688: 2686:, p. 344. 2673: 2671:, p. 656. 2640: 2607: 2605:, p. 343. 2595: 2583: 2581:, p. 231. 2571: 2569:, p. 201. 2559: 2547: 2535: 2533:, p. 655. 2520: 2518:, p. 345. 2495: 2478: 2466: 2449: 2434: 2417: 2396: 2371: 2359: 2347: 2322: 2310: 2298: 2286: 2284:, p. 213. 2255: 2200: 2169: 2152: 2126: 2077: 2065: 2053: 2027: 1990: 1978: 1966: 1954: 1942: 1917: 1905: 1881: 1856: 1823: 1799: 1766: 1755:on 12 May 2011 1736: 1734: 1731: 1666:, and reduces 1640:Main article: 1637: 1634: 1611:national parks 1606: 1603: 1548:slash and burn 1489:Merina Kingdom 1480:slash and burn 1467: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1448: 1447: 1439: 1438: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1343: 1342: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1297: 1296: 1287: 1286: 1278: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1169:ornithologists 1113: 1110: 1096:is listed as " 1038: 1037: 1003: 976: 936: 935: 838:Elaeocarpaceae 812: 809: 779: 776: 700:supercontinent 683: 680: 584:mountain chain 570: 567: 510: 507: 427: 424: 365:slash-and-burn 317:New York Times 304:nature reserve 237: 236: 233:.php%3FAp%3D22 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 174: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 129: 125: 124: 115: 111: 110: 104: 100: 99: 90: 82: 81: 74: 73: 67: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 57: 49: 48: 38: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3985: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3918: 3917:Travel guides 3906: 3902: 3901: 3889: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3871: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3798:Forêt d'Ambre 3796: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3772:Pic d'Ivohibe 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3737:Kalambatritra 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3722:Beza Mahafaly 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3692:Ambohitantely 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3661:Nosy Tanihely 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3569:Mananara-Nord 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559:Kirindy Mitea 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3519:Analamazaotra 3517: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3316: 3312: 3309:(in French). 3308: 3301: 3296: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3004:0-226-30306-3 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2957: 2950: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2933:, p. 15. 2932: 2927: 2921:, p. 16. 2920: 2915: 2909:, p. 32. 2908: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2885:, p. 11. 2884: 2879: 2877: 2870:, p. 12. 2869: 2864: 2858:, p. 20. 2857: 2852: 2846:, p. 13. 2845: 2840: 2838: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2816:, p. 16. 2815: 2810: 2808: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2775:, p. 15. 2774: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2717: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2604: 2599: 2593:, p. 24. 2592: 2587: 2580: 2575: 2568: 2563: 2556: 2551: 2544: 2539: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2493:, p. 12. 2492: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2475: 2470: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2447:, p. 20. 2446: 2441: 2439: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2414: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2394:, p. 11. 2393: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2369:, p. 19. 2368: 2363: 2357:, p. 15. 2356: 2351: 2345:, p. 14. 2344: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2319: 2314: 2308:, p. 17. 2307: 2302: 2295: 2290: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2198:, p. 13. 2197: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2074: 2069: 2062: 2057: 2041: 2037: 2031: 2012: 2008: 2001: 1998:IUCN (2007). 1994: 1987: 1982: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1958: 1952:, p. 15. 1951: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1915:, p. 14. 1914: 1909: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1871: 1867: 1860: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1827: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1754: 1750: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1648: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1599:deforestation 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1513:Betsimisaraka 1510: 1506: 1505:ethnic groups 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1482:agriculture). 1481: 1477: 1472: 1452: 1443: 1434: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1337: 1328: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1291: 1282: 1273: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1123: 1118: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1088:IUCN Red List 1085: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1043: 1035: 1031: 1030:Balsaminaceae 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006:Montane scrub 1004: 1001: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 977: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 949: 946: 945: 940: 933: 932:Balsaminaceae 929: 925: 921: 917: 914:are Poaceae, 913: 909: 905: 904:Euphorbiaceae 901: 897: 893: 892: 887: 886: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 846: 845: 844: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 808: 806: 805:invertebrates 802: 798: 789: 784: 775: 773: 769: 765: 759: 757: 753: 752:metamorphosed 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 728: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 693: 688: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 658:feed several 657: 652: 650: 645: 626: 624: 620: 615: 609: 606: 602: 601:microclimates 598: 593: 589: 585: 575: 566: 560: 554: 552: 551:georeferenced 548: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 515: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 475: 471: 469: 465: 460: 456: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 423: 421: 415: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 366: 362: 361:silvicultural 358: 357:afforestation 354: 350: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 324: 319: 318: 313: 310:known as the 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 284:national park 279: 243: 234: 215: 211: 207: 204: 201: 197: 175: 171: 167: 163: 158: 130: 126: 123: 119: 116: 112: 108: 105: 101: 94: 85: 71: 62: 55: 50: 45: 44:national park 41: 40:IUCN category 36: 31: 19: 3925: 3915: 3903:from Commons 3898: 3877: 3767:Marotandrano 3610:Nosy Mangabe 3573: 3544:Baie de Baly 3374: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3334: 3322:. Retrieved 3315:the original 3310: 3306: 3287:. Retrieved 3280:the original 3252:(1): 11–22. 3249: 3245: 3219: 3193:(1): 11–16. 3190: 3186: 3180: 3167:the original 3148: 3110: 3094: 3081: 3077: 3068: 3064: 3055: 3051: 3042: 3038: 3017: 3013: 2994: 2975: 2963:. Retrieved 2956:the original 2939: 2938: 2926: 2914: 2902: 2890: 2863: 2851: 2794:. Retrieved 2780: 2718:, p. 6. 2638:, p. 5. 2598: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2550: 2538: 2474:Safford 1990 2469: 2445:Safford 1990 2415:, p. 4. 2367:Safford 1990 2362: 2355:Goodman 2000 2350: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2253:, p. 3. 2167:, p. 5. 2143:. Retrieved 2139:the original 2129: 2068: 2056: 2044:. Retrieved 2040:the original 2030: 2018:. Retrieved 2011:the original 2006: 1993: 1981: 1969: 1964:, p. 7. 1962:Humbert 1955 1957: 1945: 1913:Goodman 2000 1908: 1897:. Retrieved 1893: 1884: 1873:. Retrieved 1869: 1859: 1848:. Retrieved 1836: 1826: 1815:. Retrieved 1811: 1802: 1797:, p. 2. 1757:. Retrieved 1753:the original 1723: 1691: 1671: 1653: 1629: 1623: 1608: 1595:silviculture 1572: 1551: 1528:architecture 1525: 1485: 1466:Local people 1421: 1413: 1406: 1398: 1391: 1387: 1376: 1364: 1361: 1349: 1302:(left), the 1300:silky sifaka 1246: 1242: 1228: 1222: 1212: 1207: 1199: 1180:habitat loss 1173: 1171:since 1932. 1164: 1154: 1145: 1141: 1138:silky sifaka 1133: 1130:helmet vanga 1127: 1105: 1091: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1039: 1005: 991:cloud forest 978: 947: 924:Gesneriaceae 889: 883: 879: 847: 842: 814: 793: 788:helmet vanga 778:Biodiversity 768:biotite mica 760: 732:igneous rock 697: 672:Indian Ocean 664:Lokoho River 653: 640: 610: 580: 555: 544: 520: 483:biodiversity 476: 472: 448:Marojejy Est 429: 416: 411: 408:helmet vanga 399: 396:silky sifaka 388:biodiversity 376:cloud forest 369: 328:silky sifaka 322: 316: 241: 240: 221:.webcitation 109:, Madagascar 83: 3948:Sava Region 3803:Analavelona 3762:Manongarivo 3747:Mangerivola 3702:Andranomena 3697:Analamerana 3534:Andringitra 3494:Tsaratanana 3107:Louis, E.E. 2796:19 February 2145:21 February 1759:21 February 1564:Sava Region 1493:World War I 1202:), and the 1034:Cunoniaceae 973:Burseraceae 969:Pandanaceae 920:Acanthaceae 912:groundcover 908:Myrsinaceae 860:tree trunks 834:Myrsinaceae 712:Precambrian 644:rain shadow 588:Tsaratanana 288:Sava region 173:Established 152: / 128:Coordinates 107:Sava region 3932:Categories 3870:Madagascar 3682:Ambatovaky 3625:Sahamalaza 3620:Ranomafana 3596:(proposed) 3529:Andohahela 3470:Madagascar 3324:30 January 3289:30 January 3267:10535/6670 3210:10535/6813 3084:: 265–274. 3071:: 231–264. 3058:: 201–230. 2965:30 January 2931:Patel 2007 2919:Patel 2007 2752:Bradt 2007 2731:Bradt 2007 2684:Bradt 2007 2603:Bradt 2007 2591:Patel 2009 2543:Patel 2009 2516:Bradt 2007 2491:Patel 2007 2392:Patel 2007 2046:5 February 1950:Evans 1990 1899:2021-01-07 1875:2021-01-07 1850:2021-01-07 1817:2021-01-07 1749:"Marojejy" 1733:References 1630:betsabetsa 1530:, to make 1253:millipedes 1235:chameleons 1098:endangered 1084:vulnerable 1026:Asteraceae 987:Araliaceae 952:tree ferns 896:Sapotaceae 840:are rare. 826:Clusiaceae 801:endangered 772:hornblende 734:. Later, 724:high-grade 597:topography 547:ecotourism 372:rainforest 292:Madagascar 93:Madagascar 3752:Maningoza 3656:Nosy Hara 3579:Marolambo 3489:Betampona 3276:202842492 3135:670545286 3026:0015-0754 1845:0362-4331 1702:Toamasina 1509:Tsimihety 1393:Brookesia 1248:Uroplatus 1219:amphibian 1086:" on the 1070:Dalbergia 1060:andramena 1055:Dalbergia 1022:Ericaceae 983:Lauraceae 965:Arecaceae 961:Myrtaceae 916:Labiaceae 900:Rubiaceae 885:Aframomum 868:epiphytes 748:quartzite 505:in 2010. 493:. Due to 464:herbarium 457:from the 420:base camp 3717:Bemarivo 3712:Ankarana 3635:Zahamena 3605:Namoroka 3574:Marojejy 3549:Bemaraha 3484:Bemaraha 3348:Abstract 2790:Archived 2020:4 August 1698:Antalaha 1620:Rutaceae 1616:amethyst 1532:pirogues 1401:Malagasy 1310:(right). 1090:, while 1050:rosewood 822:families 764:feldspar 754:). The 744:amethyst 716:granitic 704:Gondwana 694:bedrock. 623:monsoons 619:cyclones 542:a year. 540:hectares 452:botanist 406:". The 349:poaching 103:Location 84:Marojejy 18:Marojejy 3757:Manombo 3584:Masoala 3045:: 1–18. 1694:Vohémar 1673:Dombeya 1560:poverty 1544:paddies 1501:vanilla 1497:Réunion 1261:leeches 1257:spiders 1215:reptile 1184:aye-aye 1142:simpona 1018:orchids 882:(genus 880:longoza 854:of the 830:Poaceae 797:endemic 756:soil pH 708:bedrock 682:Geology 563:US$ 200 528:vanilla 436:Sambava 426:History 286:in the 282:) is a 188: ( 178: ( 140:49°42′E 137:14°27′S 122:Sambava 91:Map of 3856:Portal 3742:Kasijy 3564:Lokobe 3274: 3226: 3159: 3133: 3123: 3024: 3001: 2982: 1843: 1700:, and 1678:lianas 1625:Evodia 1585:, and 1416:) and 1194:, the 1192:rodent 1188:tenrec 1014:tundra 995:lichen 971:, and 957:mosses 930:, and 906:, and 870:, and 852:canopy 740:quartz 720:gneiss 692:gneiss 532:coffee 468:massif 432:Andapa 300:massif 118:Andapa 3900:Media 3594:Mikea 3554:Isalo 3318:(PDF) 3303:(PDF) 3283:(PDF) 3272:S2CID 3242:(PDF) 3170:(PDF) 3153:(PDF) 2959:(PDF) 2952:(PDF) 2014:(PDF) 2003:(PDF) 1727:CITES 1196:fossa 1176:lemur 1157:birds 1112:Fauna 1010:scrub 1000:humus 872:ferns 864:palms 811:Flora 736:veins 392:lemur 380:scrub 3727:Bora 3326:2011 3291:2011 3224:ISBN 3157:ISBN 3131:OCLC 3121:ISBN 3022:ISSN 2999:ISBN 2980:ISBN 2967:2011 2798:2011 2147:2011 2048:2011 2022:2010 1841:ISSN 1761:2011 1706:US$ 1552:tavy 1227:and 1217:and 1213:The 1120:The 1076:and 836:and 828:and 786:The 770:and 722:, a 530:and 434:and 359:and 351:and 338:and 320:and 223:.org 212:2007 190:1998 186:1998 180:1952 176:1952 165:Area 120:and 42:II ( 3468:of 3262:hdl 3254:doi 3205:hdl 3195:doi 1729:). 1140:or 738:of 702:of 231:_en 219:www 3934:: 3305:. 3270:. 3260:. 3248:. 3244:. 3203:. 3189:. 3185:. 3129:. 3119:. 3105:; 3082:97 3080:. 3069:97 3067:. 3056:97 3054:. 3043:97 3041:. 3018:97 3016:. 2875:^ 2836:^ 2821:^ 2806:^ 2759:^ 2738:^ 2723:^ 2706:^ 2691:^ 2676:^ 2643:^ 2610:^ 2523:^ 2498:^ 2481:^ 2452:^ 2437:^ 2420:^ 2399:^ 2374:^ 2325:^ 2258:^ 2203:^ 2172:^ 2155:^ 2080:^ 2005:. 1920:^ 1892:. 1868:. 1839:. 1835:. 1810:. 1769:^ 1740:^ 1721:. 1696:, 1662:, 1601:. 1593:, 1581:, 1577:, 1263:. 1255:, 1210:) 1032:, 1028:, 1024:, 967:, 963:, 926:, 922:, 918:, 902:, 898:, 866:, 561:(~ 334:, 275:iː 272:dʒ 266:dʒ 263:oʊ 3886:: 3858:: 3458:e 3451:t 3444:v 3328:. 3311:5 3293:. 3264:: 3256:: 3250:5 3232:. 3213:. 3207:: 3197:: 3191:2 3137:. 3028:. 3007:. 2988:. 2969:. 2800:. 2149:. 2050:. 2024:. 1902:. 1878:. 1853:. 1820:. 1763:. 1420:( 1412:( 1386:( 1241:( 1206:( 1198:( 1163:( 1144:( 1132:( 1002:. 462:( 410:( 398:( 278:/ 269:ɛ 260:r 257:ˈ 254:ə 251:m 248:/ 244:( 192:) 182:) 46:) 20:)

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