1396:
1667:" for collaboration. Noorda said, "The era of stand-alone personal computing is evolving into group collaboration that connects individuals, groups and companies. Novell's objective is to accelerate this market transition." The geographical proximity, as well as the cultural similarity, between the two companies also made the acquisition seem like a good idea. The stock market was not enthused about the deal and Novell's stock price slid steadily in value. The merger, and acquisition from Borland, both closed on June 24, 1994 (with the public announcement being made on June 27). Because the price for WordPerfect was measured in Novell stock, when the deal closed the cost of WordPerfect had become $ 855 million. Work on the acquired products was organized into the company's Application Group. Both before and after the acquisition, there were substantial layoffs of WordPerfect staff; at the peak right after the acquisition closed, Novell's employee count was around 10,150. Novell's corporate address was shifted to WordPerfect's Orem location for a while.
1921:, showed that 90 percent of them owned NetWare but only 20 percent said they had upgraded to the latest NetWare version and less than half of the users thought they would still be using NetWare three years hence. By March 1996, the company's stock price had fallen from a high of $ 33 a share in 1993 to a new low of under $ 12. Revenue declined from 1995 on. By 1997, Windows NT was winning 42 percent of new network operating system installations versus 33 percent for NetWare, and it was on the verge of overtaking NetWare even when upgrade sales were included. Overall, NetWare's market share had fallen to 26 percent and had been passed by Windows NT's 36 percent. Unix also had a significant share, and the free software Linux operating system had started to appear and make inroads as well.
1948:
1529:
project endured prolonged internal architectural debates and resistance from the NetWare side due to a reluctance to believe that Unix was really superior to NetWare in key aspects. In one instance, Novell's Drew Major and Chorus Systèmes' Michel Gien disagreed in the trade press about whether the existent Chorus technology was up to the task. The long-running disputes reflected cultural and political divisions between the San Jose (with Rekhi being a Unix supporter before leaving altogether) and Utah camps within Novell. In any case the 1997 date was seen by industry observers as being too late to forestall the market-share gains that
Windows NT was already making.
2810:
2441:
1886:
2189:
1640:
1058:
2499:. According to Novell's SEC filing, the patents "relate primarily to enterprise-level computer systems management software, enterprise-level file management and collaboration software in addition to patents relevant to our identity and security management business, although it is possible that certain of such issued patents and patent applications read on a range of different software products". The Attachmate Group expressed in advance of the deal closing that there would no change to the relationship between the SUSE business and the openSUSE project. The merger completed in April 2011, with
2593:
1632:
2306:
1102:. As one industry analyst said, "They've done a wonderful job of farming distribution out. They train people who go out and train other people, and every time somebody gets trained, they get another Netware bigot, and make another dollar. They are getting paid to have people go out and be evangelists." The partnering approach also worked well in overseas markets, such as in Japan where Novell set up a subsidiary that major Japanese electronics firms invested in, or in South America and Eastern Europe where Novell set up authorized distributors.
635:
1533:
957:
1872:, and other services for connecting NetWare networks to the Internet. Another was a new version of NDS, that was capable of running with Windows NT, not just NetWare. And still another was NetWare 5.0, released in October 1998, with hopes for it accelerating Novell's improved fortunes under Schmidt. NetWare 5.0 leveraged and built upon eDirectory and introduced new functions, such as Novell Cluster Services (NCS, a replacement for SFT-III) and Novell Storage Services (NSS), a replacement for the traditional
8115:
2234:– when Novell got out of the Unix business as part of abandoning its effort to take on Microsoft on all fronts – and a 1996 amendment that had attempted to clarify that agreement. The SCO Group believed that the transfer included ownership of, and copyrights for, the source code for the Unix operating system (which they in turn claimed Linux had infringed upon). Novell counter-sued, claiming that the asset-transfer agreements did not, in fact, transfer the intellectual property rights SCO sought.
693:
1049:
itself was the fastest-growing segment of the computer market, increasing by 30 percent a year and reaching a $ 10 billion figure by 1993. Novell was the second largest maker of software for personal computers, trailing only
Microsoft. Novell's employee base, which had been around 15 when Noorda joined, had risen to 4,335 by the end of 1993. Besides Utah, Novell continued to grow in San Jose, where many of the sales, marketing, product management, and executive functions were located.
56:
1834:
million users declined to move to NetWare 4, with the result that Novell lost large amounts of possible revenue in upgrades. Although the NetWare 4.1 release of 1995 sought to remedy some of these issues, the lag had caused many Novell customers to take a serious look at
Windows NT. And Windows NT was proving better as a platform for application and database services than NetWare. Furthermore, Microsoft was having success with its no-extra-charge bundling of Microsoft's
2173:
after an apparent control issue with then CEO Jack
Messman. In an effort to cut costs, Novell announced a round of layoffs in late 2005. While revenue from its Linux business continued to grow, the growth was not fast enough to offset the decrease in revenue of NetWare. While the company's revenue was not falling rapidly, it wasn't growing, either. Lack of clear direction or effective management meant that Novell took longer than expected to complete its restructuring.
520:, a Pennsylvania-based, technology-focused venture capital firm that was an offshoot of the older Safeguard Business Systems. Safeguard Scientifics believed that a new computer systems company could help the Business Systems company automate their accounting systems. Accordingly, Safeguard Scientifics provided over $ 2 million in seed funding, and they became the majority owner of Novell Data Systems. Canova also owned a significant portion of the new company.
8386:
2401:. Hovsepian said, "Cloud computing is a megatrend that matches the company's core competencies. ... We've developed our Suse appliance tool for application vendors . This product allows them to create a virtual appliance. They won't have to rewrite and retest the application once it is in the cloud and it allows firms to host their application on other clouds too." But Novell's approach would also support other cloud environments such as those based around
2014:
7747:
2525:. The U.S. Department of Justice announced that, as originally proposed, the deal with CPTN would jeopardize the ability of open source software, such as Linux, to continue to innovate and compete in the development and distribution of server, desktop, and mobile operating systems, middleware, and virtualization products; to address the department's antitrust concerns, CPTN and its owners had altered their original agreement:
2082:
8464:
382:, NetWare became the dominant form of personal computer networking during the second half of the 1980s and first half of the 1990s. At its high point, NetWare had a 63 percent share of the market for network operating systems and by the early 1990s there were over half a million NetWare-based networks installed worldwide encompassing more than 50 million users. Novell technology contributed to the emergence of
2241:(FOSS) community solidly on the side of Novell. There were a series of court rulings, most of which went in Novell's favor and which sent The SCO Group into bankruptcy. The matter was settled finally in 2010 when a jury trial in Utah ruled that the copyrights belonged to Novell. (Novell made no material use of the Unix ownership once it was ruled theirs, as by then their interests were with SuSE Linux.)
2165:
3107:
1707:. The application products also had the advantage of what Novell's senior vice president for corporate marketing, Christine Hughes, called " 'in your face' presence for the user. Otherwise no one is aware it's Novell providing that connection." But industry analyst reaction was that while PerfectOffice 3.0 was a good product, it was arriving too late to head off Microsoft Office's momentum.
8245:
1199:
pivotal item in my decision to join Novell because it makes possible an entirely new category of networked applications which no one else can provide." When the WordPerfect and
Quattro Pro acquisitions closed in June 1994, it was the largest such deal in the software industry to that time; it made Novell the third-largest software company in the world, trailing only Microsoft and
47:
559:
1584:
environment out of the SVR4.2-based Gemini and the SVR3.2-based HP-UX, but that effort faced major technical hurdles. The terms of the deal between Novell and SCO, which closed in
December 1995, were uncertain enough that an amendment had to be signed in October 1996, and even that was not clear enough to preclude an extended battle between the two companies during the
948:. A marketing and development alliance with IBM announced in 1991 was part of this initiative. The company did later attempt to refocus with NetWare for Small Business. It reduced investment in research and was slow to improve the product administration tools, although it was helped by the fact its products typically needed little "tweaking" – they just ran.
1925:
Schmidt was saying, "I took the job on the presumption that we would not have to do this. If I'd known what shape the company was in, I might not have taken it." While there was some speculation that Novell might relocate much of the company to its San Jose facility, Novell instead recommitted to Provo, building a new headquarters tower that opened in 2000.
1110:
and Ingram and acquire NetWare versions at a discounted rate, as Novell "looked the other way"; this helped fund the salaries of Novell Field
Support Technicians, who for the most part were employees who worked for the front line resellers as Novell CNE (Certified NetWare Engineers). Noorda commented that this strategy was one he learned as an executive at
2432:, who wrote that Novell "clearly hopes that putting its products together in new ways and invoking today's catch phrases and buzz words will appear fresh and new." While Novell did have strong technologies in this computing realm, it struggled to attract the same market attention that competing product lines from the likes of Microsoft or VMware held.
830:, whose card Novell had previously been distributing. By 1989, Novell's cards were being sold at a rate of 20,000 per month, aggressively expanding Novell's market presence. At that point, Novell transferred the NE1000/NE2000 business to Anthem Electronics, the firm that had actually been making them, but the cards remained branded as Novell products.
1605:, with the Serius product being called AppWare Visual AppBuilder, the objects it used AppWare Loadable Modules, and the Software Transformations library AppWare Foundation. The organization working on this was called the AppWare Systems Group. The founder of Serius, Joe Firmage, became vice president of strategy for Novell's Network Systems Group.
937:, but both failed badly. IBM similarly had limited success in this area. From 1988 to 1992, Novell's revenues rose almost three-fold, to $ 933 million a year, with about half of Novell's sales coming from North America and half from overseas. Earnings also rose to $ 249 million a year. From 1986 to 1991, Novell's stock price climbed twelve-fold.
1556:. As part of the deal, SCO said that it would merge the SVR4.2-based UnixWare with its existing SVR3.2-based OpenServer operating system and add NetWare services to the new merged product, code-named "Gemini". Gemini would then be sold through SCO's well-known channel and reseller operation. As for HP, they said they would add NetWare code and
1003:", or cooperative competition. The central idea was that whatever was good for networking in general would be good for Novell and took the form of encouraging the growth of an ecosystem composed of hundreds of suppliers of hardware and software networking products, even if some of those suppliers had products that competed with Novell's.
1857:, which at the time was doing very well, to go to Novell, which was viewed as a company in real trouble. The new CEO said, "Novell has been defocused by a series of acquisitions and forays that didn't work out. In this collaborative world, it's more important to do a few things well and just go for them like you've never seen."
493:
more contemporaneous sources are in accordance with it happening in August 1980. Canova became president of the new company and Davis was in charge of sales and marketing. The suggestion for the company's name came from Canova's wife, who thought it meant "new" in French (in fact the French word is either the masculine
1663:. The initial price for WordPerfect was $ 1.4 billion in a Novell stock swap while Quattro Pro would cost $ 145 million in cash. Novell executives said the goal of the acquisitions was to build a suite of products that could be connected across the network via NetWare and UnixWare. The key to this was the idea of "
849:, solidifying Novell's presence in these areas. The acquisition combined Novell's $ 281 million in annual revenue with Excelan's $ 66 million. Rekhi became a high-ranking Novell executive, and played an influential strategic and managerial role with the company over the next several years. Excelan was based in
1609:
systems; as Novell executive Jim
Tolonen outlined: " being the underlying infrastructure over which those mission critical transactions will be moved, Unix a place on which the applications can run, and AppWare as tools that will help programmers write that class of application in a distributed environment."
2033:, to expand offerings into services. Novell felt that the ability to offer solutions (a combination of software and services) was key to satisfying customer demand. The merger was apparently against the firm's software development culture, and the finance personnel at the firm also recommended against it.
2841:
has stated, "WordPerfect and Novell put Utah Valley on the high-tech industry map in the 1980s." Moreover, even when employees left the two companies, or were downsized, they often stayed in the Utah Valley area and started their own companies. This began a culture of entrepreneurship that led to the
2576:
The Novell products themselves were relabeled and dispersed among the file and networking services, collaborations, and security product lines of Micro Focus, such that offerings like Open
Enterprise Server, GroupWise, and ZENworks became billed as Micro Focus products with no mention of their Novell
2364:
In early
February 2007, Reuters reported that the Free Software Foundation had announced that it was reviewing Novell's right to sell Linux versions, and was considering banning Novell from selling Linux. However, spokesman Eben Moglen later said that he was quoted out of context, and was only noting
2248:
On 2 November 2006, the two companies announced a joint collaboration agreement, including coverage of their respective products for each other's customers. They also promised to work more closely to improve compatibility of software, setting up a joint research facility. Executives of both companies
2036:
The CEO of CTP, Jack Messman, engineered the merger using his position as a board member of Novell since its inception, and as part of the deal became CEO of Novell. Chris Stone, who had left in 1999, was rehired as vice chairman to set the course for Novell's strategy into open source and enterprise
1995:
During Schmidt's tenure during the late 1990s, Novell developed and delivered a series of Internet-centric products that were well-reviewed. But these new products did not sell as well as the company had hoped, in part due to Novell channel issues with training, lead generation, and support. Indeed,
1924:
With revenues in decline, Schmidt took actions to control costs, and some 18 percent of Novell employees were laid off during the first few months of his tenure. In addition he was forced to halt NetWare shipments to resellers because unsold inventory levels were so high. By the end of summer 1997,
1876:
filesystem used by earlier versions of NetWare. While NetWare 5.0 introduced native TCP/IP support into the NOS, IPX was still supported, allowing for smooth transitions between environments and avoiding the "forklift upgrades" frequently required by competing environments. Similarly, the traditional
1190:
was writing, "Of the many rivalries in the personal-computer industry, for sheer nastiness it's hard to beat the one between Microsoft Corp. and Novell Inc." In November 1993, Noorda confirmed published reports that he had been suffering from some memory lapses and announced that he would be stepping
1109:
that allowed NetWare resellers to sell upgrades as newly purchased NetWare versions at full price periodically, which Novell intentionally did not track. Noorda commented to several analysts that he devised this strategy to allow front line resellers to "punch through" the distributors like Tech Data
746:
that could make files and printers available across many PCs. In addition, the advent of the PC caused organizational changes within companies and enterprises and allowed Novell to find entryways into individual departments or regional facilities rather than having to convince upper management of the
599:
being played on three different types of personal computers persuaded Messman that SuperSet's networking technology was valuable. The poor performance of Novell Data Systems resulted in losses being announced in April 1982 for the publicly-held Safeguard Scientifics and put pressure on that company's
1943:
Schmidt embarked on a channel strategy to undo Noorda's "look the other way" approach and thereby remove the upgrades as whole box products, then directed Novell's general counsel to initiate litigation against a large number of Novell resellers who were routinely selling upgrades as newly purchased
1198:
was announced as the new CEO of Novell, with Noorda remaining as chairman of the board of directors. By then the USL acquisition was already showing difficulties, while the WordPerfect acquisition was questioned even more. Nonetheless, Frankenberg said he was enthusiastic about it: "For me, it was a
1127:
Unusually for the CEO of a high-tech, emerging computer company, Noorda was nearing 70 years of age by the early 1990s. Furthermore, he was known for alienating high-level executives who might someday be in position to run the company. Stock market analysts were expressing concern that Noorda, whose
877:
processor. All the while it maintained its character as a dedicated network operating system rather than containing network capabilities as part of a general-purpose operating system. The NetWare kernel's ability to dynamically load and unload drivers was greatly appreciated by users and the ability
607:
At that time Safeguard reported that it would be writing down $ 3.4 million in losses due to Novell Data Systems' switch from being a hardware company to a software company. Throughout 1982 there were further management shuffles with other people being named president of the company. Major, Neibaur,
492:
that intended to manufacture and market small business computers, computer terminals, and other peripherals. It was co-founded by George Canova and Jack Davis, two experienced computer industry executives. While some later sources place the creation of Novell Data Systems as having happened in 1979,
2172:
From 2003 through 2005 Novell released many products across its portfolio, with the intention of arresting falling market share and to move away from dependencies on other Novell products, but the launches were not as successful as Novell had hoped. In late 2004, Chris Stone again left the company,
1752:
Overall, none of these moves had worked out well – for instance, Novell suffered a net loss of $ 35 million for its 1993 fiscal year, largely due to write-offs for the acquisitions, and under criticism from Wall Street, Novell's stock price underwent a prolonged downturn – and many of the companies
1730:
During its time in Novell, WordPerfect still sold reasonably well as standalone software, garnering almost half of all such word processor sales; but the market was increasingly dominated by the idea of office suites, and there Microsoft Office was supreme, with 86 percent of the market compared to
1622:
Joe Firmage became disillusioned with Novell in mid-1995, following its decision to sell UnixWare and abandon the SuperNOS project, and left Novell later that year. Novell then publicly stated in November 1995 that it was looking for a buyer for AppWare. In March 1996, it was announced (based on an
1278:
and toward that end conducted research on how to better and more easily integrate and manage network access for users. At the time, the Internet was dominated by Unix-based operating systems, but the Novell group saw the Unixes of the day as being too hardware intensive, too large, and charging too
1048:
At its high point around 1993, NetWare had a roughly two-thirds share of the market for network operating systems; one analysis put the figure at 63 percent. There were over half a million NetWare-based networks installed worldwide and some 55 million NetWare users on those networks. And networking
673:
to Safeguard shareholders. Accordingly, in January 1985, Safeguard Scientifics made an initial offering of shares in Novell, Inc. to its own shareholders, at $ 2.50 a share. The sale brought Safeguard more than $ 5 million in cash, and Safeguard's ownership in Novell went from 51 percent down to 24
7310:
Also on November 21, 2010, Novell entered into a Patent Purchase Agreement (the "Patent Purchase Agreement") with CPTN Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and consortium of technology companies organized by Microsoft Corporation ("CPTN"). The Patent Purchase Agreement provides that,
2548:
With the acquisition, Novell's headquarters were moved back to Provo. But by then considerable consolidation had occurred, and the original six buildings of the Provo campus were sold. During April and May 2011, The Attachmate Group announced layoffs for the Novell workforce, including hundreds of
1987:
were in the process of migrating most or all of their NetWare systems to alternatives. Revenue warnings during the second quarter of 2000 resulted in a 40 percent drop in the company's stock price. In October 2000, Novell released a new product, dubbed "DirXML", which was designed to synchronize
1833:
Then with UnixWare gone, Novell focused on major upgrades to its core NetWare-based network operating system. The initial release of NetWare 4 came with compatibility problems for some NetWare 3 users, and large enterprises were faced with an upgrade-all-or-upgrade-none decision. However some 40
1678:
had an early lead in marketshare. To compete, Novell PerfectOffice 3.0 was released in December 1994. It was based upon an earlier effort, Borland Office 2.0 for Windows, but had superior look-and-feel and integration. It contained not just WordPerfect and Quattro Pro but also other products,
1528:
one, because it gave more flexibility at the kernel mode–user mode boundary. By mid-1995 the SuperNOS project was reportedly about one-third completed, with 1997 being seen as a customer release date for it. There were over 60 engineers assigned to it, mostly from the UnixWare and Chorus side. The
1608:
AppWare was one of the three main strategic focuses of Novell during this period, along with NetWare and UnixWare. These three prongs were intended to satisfy the growing need for scalable, distributed computing at the enterprise level of applications such as general ledger systems or reservation
833:
As author James Causey would later write, "NetWare deserves the lion's share of the credit for elevating PC-based local area networks from being cute toys to providing powerful, reliable, and serious network services. NetWare was the first Intel-based network operating system to provide a serious
1726:
that could tie in NetWare Loadable Modules, the AppWare Bus, UnixWare, and eventually SuperNOS itself. WordPerfect itself was also supposedly using the AppWare foundation layer in its work. Other parts of WordPerfect were deemed less strategic, and the Main Street line of multimedia products for
1600:
that could construct applications by connecting together icons representing objects in the program and their commands. Novell also purchased Software Transformations Inc., who made a cross-platform object code library that could be used to port conventional programs to a number of platforms. The
1568:
elements, which would then be sold by HP's strong direct-sales force. Finally, SCO and HP said that they would co-develop a next-generation, 64-bit version of Unix. Some 400 Novell software engineers had been working on UnixWare; most of them were offered jobs with either SCO or HP, while a few
1136:
Under Noorda, Novell made a series of acquisitions interpreted by many to be a direct challenge to Microsoft. Noorda was motivated in part by a realization that NetWare's technology was not suitable as the basis for a full-fledged operating system and application platform. There was also enmity
1852:
became CEO in April 1997, the first in the post since Frankenberg's departure; Christopher Stone was brought in as senior vice president of strategy and corporate development, reporting to Schmidt. Many observers were surprised that Schmidt would leave his chief technical officer position at
1540:
The acquisition of USL never really worked out for Novell. During the company's fiscal years of 1993, 1994, and 1995, Novell's Unix Systems Group represented only about 5 percent of the company's revenue on an ongoing basis. Very few Certified NetWare Engineers ever reached a similar level of
2823:
has written, "NetWare was almost uniquely a thing of its time. Whereas the PC has transcended its roots ... and Windows has grown ... into a sophisticated 64-bit OS, NetWare never escaped as its niche. When Windows was just a client OS, Novell’s proprietary IPX/SPX protocol and simple, fast,
1959:
By 1999, Novell had lost its dominant market position, and was continually being out-marketed by Microsoft as resellers dropped NetWare, allowing Microsoft to gain access to corporate data centers by bypassing technical staff and selling directly to corporate executives. Most resellers then
2244:
In 2004, Novell sued Microsoft, asserting it had engaged in antitrust violations regarding Novell's WordPerfect business in 1994 through 1996. Novell's lawsuit was subsequently dismissed by the United States District Court in July 2012 after it concluded that the claims were without merit.
1583:
By December, there were already some indications that the three-way arrangement was not working out as had been initially advertised. The computer industry was not sure that SCO could handle being the primary Unix shepherd. The HP project, code-named "White Box", focused on making a hybrid
1612:
It was not long before the AppWare plans started to fall apart. In September 1994 Novell announced they would be selling the Appware Foundation product to a third party. Novell did state that development of Visual AppBuilder would continue, and a Unix port would be following (that did not
668:
Funding for the new company was still an issue, and Musser contacted two Safeguard investors and brokers, Barry Rubenstein and Fred Dolan, who were with the Cleveland brokerage house Prescott, Ball and Turben, in these efforts. Rubenstein and Dolan eventually came up with the idea of a
2149:(OES), was released in March 2005. OES offers all the services previously hosted by NetWare 6.5, and added the choice of delivering those services using either a NetWare 6.5 or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 kernel. The release was aimed to persuade NetWare customers to move to Linux.
1227:
as a boot loader and maintenance platform, and Novell intended to extend its desktop presence by integrating networking into DR DOS and providing an alternative to Microsoft's Windows. At first, the idea was to provide a graphical environment based on Digital Research's
1026:, which brought about what was termed "the Mormon work ethic" at Novell. As one account later put it, Novell was "reputedly staffed with lots of hard-selling but soft-drinking Mormons." Noorda himself was famous for his frugal ways and for working from a plain, small office.
1777:
Novell continued to have mediocre-at-best financial results during 1995 and 1996. In August 1996, Frankenberg himself departed Novell in what was variously portrayed as a mutual decision, or as a resignation under pressure from the company's board of directors. His
653:
The new Novell started with around 15 employees. Noorda emphasized that the file server product acquired from Novell Data Systems would be the heart of what the new Novell would be doing. Later that same year, the company introduced its most significant product, the
600:
stock price. However, by this point the computer-linking work that the SuperSet group had produced was drawing considerable interest and Novell Data Systems was describing themselves as a company that made not just stand-alone microcomputers but also products for
1132:
operating system, which, after a huge investment of resources from Microsoft, featured bundled networking and more advanced OS capabilities and looked to be that company's first offering that could seriously challenge Novell's local area networking franchise.
1029:
In 1989 senior executives Craig Burton and Judith Clarke, whom many credited for much of Novell's past success, left Novell. Burton had been seen as Noorda's most likely successor while Judith Clarke had been instrumental in marketing and positioning Novell.
964:
By early 1985, Novell was rapidly expanding, but many people were still unaware of either it or the role that local area networks could play, and consequently Noorda referred to Novell as "the most misunderstood company in the world." Nonetheless, in 1986
604:(LAN). The dual emphasis on hardware and software products continued for several months but continued to have troubled results, and in July 1982 another round of layoffs took place which resulted in the employee count being reduced from 50 people to 30.
1753:
and products that had been purchased were subsequently sold off. Novell did have its two largest revenue years in 1994 and 1995, generating $ 1.998 billion and $ 2.041 billion in sales respectively. But the Noorda-era acquisitions were short-lived.
649:
and the past CEO of several other companies and had garnered a reputation as a turn-around expert. Messman was chairman of the board and continued to represent the interests of Safeguard Scientifics, which was still majority owner in the new Novell.
1972:, which was considered to be more modern than the character-based Novell interfaces. With falling revenue, the company focused on net services and platform interoperability. Products such as eDirectory and GroupWise were made multi-platform.
1623:
agreement that had been signed the month before) that Novell had sold all rights to the AppWare technology to a new company called Network Multimedia Inc., which was headed by Ed Firmage, who had been director of AppWare marketing at Novell.
983:
and construction was begun; by late 1986, employees were moving into the first building there while work on a second building was already underway. Eventually between 1986 and 1993 six buildings would be constructed for Novell's use there.
1423:
server. Unix did present some attractive characteristics to the market, such as its abilities as an application server and the lack of vendor lock-in, but there were still considerable obstacles to be overcome in using it in this context.
2313:
In contrast to the SCO case, here initial reaction from members of the free and open source software community over the patent protection was mostly critical, with expressions of concern that Novell had "sold out" and doubt that the
940:
With this market leadership, Novell began to acquire and build services on top of its NetWare operating platform. These services extended NetWare's capabilities with such products as NetWare for SAA and Novell multi-protocol router.
1809:
Novell's core products did not stay idle during this challenging-of-Microsoft time, as work in the company's NetWare Systems Group continued. One of Novell's major innovations was Novell Directory Services (NDS), later known as
7134:
2345:
in. A clause within GPLv3 allows companies to distribute GPLv3 software even if they have made such patent partnerships in the past, as long as the partnership deal was made before 28 March 2007 (GPLv3 Section 11 paragraph 7).
1734:
Novell stated in November 1995 that it was putting its personal productivity product line up for sale. Then in January 1996 it announced that the sale of these products, primarily WordPerfect and Quattro Pro, would be made to
1321:
NEST however held importance for Frankenberg's vision of "pervasive computing", wherein Novell software would be connecting a billion nodes by 2000. Many of those nodes would be common, everyday devices running NEST, linked by
644:
On January 25, 1983, the company was incorporated under the shortened name of Novell, Inc. In April 1983, the appointment of Noorda as president and CEO of Novell, Inc. was publicly announced. Noorda was a veteran executive of
549:
The company subsequently did not do well. The microcomputer produced by the company was late to an increasingly crowded market and was noncompetitive in terms of performance when it did arrive. According to one paraphrase of a
1383:
had been abandoned at Novell in 1995 but was licensed to Caldera in binary form only. The deal consisted of a direct payment of US$ 400,000 as well as percentual royalties for any revenues derived from those assets to Novell.
2204:-based 3D display capabilities. The release of SLE 10 was marketed with the phrase "Your Linux is Ready", meant to convey that Novell's Linux offerings were ready for the enterprise. In late September 2006 Novell announced a
2004:
wrote, "He had traversed a rocky road as chief executive at Novell, briefly laying a smooth path for a renaissance at the aging network software provider before succumbing to strategy issues that have plagued it for years."
608:
and Powell continued to support Novell through their SuperSet Software group. As Major later said, "It was great that our hardware was so lousy because that gave us the idea that hardware wasn't really where the value was."
909:
said that NetWare 386 "is truly a blow-away-the-competition type product". Overall, NetWare 3 was the most significant rewrite that the product would ever get, and proved very successful. By 1990, Novell had an almost
7143:
The community of people wants to do anything they can to interfere with this deal and all deals like it. They have every reason to be deeply concerned that this is the beginning of a significant patent aggression by
2341:, said in November 2006 that changes coming with version 3 of the GPL would preclude such deals. When the final revision of the third version of the GPL license was decided, the deal between Microsoft and Novell was
1944:
NetWare versions. Although this move bolstered Novell's revenue numbers for several quarters, Novell's channels subsequently collapsed with the majority of Novell's resellers dropping NetWare for fear of litigation.
894:-based workstations, thus enabling NetWare to expand upon file and print sharing towards accessing business-critical data within companies. This allowed NetWare to work with database products from companies such as
1069:
Equally important as technological factors to NetWare's growth was that Novell did not try to hire a large sales force to do direct sales of the product, but instead sold it through a broad channel of some 13,000
2543:
Neither CPTN nor its owners will make any statement or take any action with the purpose of influencing or encouraging either Novell or Attachmate Group to modify which of the patents are available under the OIN
1206:
Noorda retired from the chairman position and left Novell completely in November 1994, although he was still the largest shareholder of the company. At that point in time, Frankenberg became chairman as well.
764:, NetWare was known for being very fast in operation. This trend continued into 1987 with the Advanced NetWare/286 release, which was well received within the industry. NetWare also excelled with respect to
1928:
But Novell's decline and loss of market share accelerated under Schmidt's leadership, with Novell experiencing an across-the-board decline in sales and purchases of NetWare and a drop in share price from
554:
report on Novell Data Systems as a whole during this period, their "revenue was minimal, but expenses were tremendous." Davis was fired from Novell Data Systems, a change that occurred in November 1981.
1739:
for $ 186 million, a large loss from the $ 855 million that it had originally paid to acquire WordPerfect. Novell did hold onto a few pieces that it had acquired from WordPerfect, most importantly the
7311:
upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Patent Purchase Agreement, Novell will sell to CPTN all of Novell's right, title and interest in 882 patents (the "Assigned Patents") for
716:, or ShareNet, and it achieved some visibility; by April 1983, advertisements were seen in trade publications for third-party software products which stated they were compatible with Novell ShareNet.
8094:
1838:
on NT, while Novell's presence in the Internet market was severely lacking. Still, as of 1996, by one estimate there were three million networks, and tens of millions of PCs, still using NetWare.
1988:
data—typically user information—between disparate directory and database systems. This product leveraged the speed and functionality of eDirectory to store information, and would later become the
1826:
and earlier. Directory services were seen as a crucial strategic key to staying relevant in the networking marketplace. It was also one where Novell had a lead over Microsoft, as the latter's
753:
subsequently wrote, "Novell, in one of those instances of serendipity and visionary thinking that are the stuff of personal computer legend, found itself in the right place at the right time."
1572:
While some lip service was paid to the notion that SuperNOS would go on after the three-way deal, in fact, it was abandoned and never achieved fruition in that form. (A decade later, Novell's
591:
During the first calendar quarter of 1982, heavy costs continued to be incurred at Novell Data Systems, which resulted in management shuffles, organizational consolidations, and a significant
5217:
7179:
5118:
2196:
In August 2006, Novell released the SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 (SLE 10) series. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server was the first enterprise class Linux server to offer virtualization based on the
731:
processor and supported centralized, multitasking file and print services. By March 1984, Novell was putting out announcements about third-party products that worked with Novell NetWare.
440:
and attempted to refocus its technology base. Despite building or acquiring several new kinds of products, Novell failed to find consistent success and never regained its past dominance.
3348:(Interview). Interviewed by Hancock, Marguerite Gong; Weber, Marc; Fralic, Chris; Stefanik, Derek. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Computer History Museum. pp. 15–16, 21–24, 26–28.
1105:
Under Ray Noorda's leadership, Novell provided upgrades to resellers and customers in the same packaging as a newly purchased copy of NetWare, but at one third the cost, which created a
1917:
all included network functionality which greatly reduced demand for third-party products in this segment. For instance, one mid-1996 survey of a thousand corporate users, conducted by
1099:
7138:
2569:. The acquisition closed on November 20, 2014, and the SUSE organization was split out separately from the rest of the former Novell organization within Micro Focus. SUSE was sold to
1022:
From the first years of the new Novell's success, Noorda was credited in the press with forging that path. The company reflected aspects of Noorda's personal background, such as his
9368:
2444:
The main building in Provo in 2013 during the Attachmate Group era; the name Novell was kept on it. A 'For Sale' sign for some of the property can be seen in front of the building.
469:
1481:. The aim was to include UnixWare technology inside NetWare, provide the strengths of both NetWare's network services and UnixWare's application services, be able to run existing
6433:
7394:
6402:
5144:
7475:
611:
Two other important NDSI employees were strategist Craig Burton and communications specialist Judith Clarke. Despite its struggles, Novell Data Systems had a presence at the
6704:
1841:
In 1996, the company began a move into Internet-enabled products, replacing reliance on the proprietary IPX protocol in favor of a native TCP/IP stack. Support for the new
527:
works. By November 1980, they were placing display ads in the classifieds pages of Utah Valley newspapers, seeking to hire hardware and software engineers and other staff.
1395:
1128:
personality was the basis for much of the company's culture, had no succession plan in place. At the same time, Novell faced a looming challenge from Microsoft's upcoming
1095:
421:. These moves did not work out, due to new technologies not fitting well with Novell's existing user base or being too late to compete with equivalent Microsoft products.
2180:, Novell's president and chief operating officer, appointed chief executive, and Dana Russell, vice-president of finance and corporate controller, appointed interim CFO.
5884:"Novell Inc. AppWare Group spins off to form Network Multimedia; Network Multimedia brings AppWare to the Internet delivering on commitments to partners and developers"
2268:
said of the deal, "This set of agreements will really help bridge the divide between open-source and proprietary source software." The deal involved upfront payment of
634:
2280:
yearly, over the next 5 years, for marketing and selling a combined SLES/Windows Server offering and related virtualization solutions, while Novell paid at least
1090:
for enterprise-level projects. In this way Novell constructed a local area network franchise in literal terms, as Novell Authorized Education Centers were set up on a
979:. Novell was quickly outgrowing its original site in Orem, with some employees forced to work in trailers. A new, much larger site for the company was found in nearby
6116:
4895:
9792:
9777:
9187:
2333:, reported that Novell had offered cooperation with the SFLC to permit a confidential audit to determine the compliance of the agreement with the GPL (version 2).
7789:
5188:
8832:
2751:
2377:, with products designed to manage diverse workloads in a heterogeneous data center. Seeing this approach as a key to giving customers confidence in the area of
2000:
taking place. So despite its efforts in these other spaces, Novell was increasingly becoming irrelevant within the industry. Of Schmidt's efforts with Novell,
7814:
1439:. Novell created the Unix Systems Group to contain the new business, which also absorbed the Univel venture. Most of the core USL employees remained in USL's
7598:
1940:/share. Analysts commented that the primary reason for Novell's demise was linked to its channel strategy and mismanagement of channel partners under Schmidt.
5324:
2602:
1252:
1141:
that had begun in 1989 and been on-and-off for the next couple of years before breaking down for good. Subsequently, Novell had played a role in keeping the
7987:
ZENworks 11 SP3 Endpoint Security Management simplifies endpoint security by providing centralized management of security policies for your managed devices.
7450:
1524:
microkernel technology in the context of supporting SVR4 on a microkernel. This microkernel was arguably superior for this purpose than the more well-known
768:
considerations, supporting user- and group-based roles and volume- and file-level access restrictions, thus making it attractive to systems administrators.
4986:
3687:
566:
In order to compete on systems sales, Novell Data Systems planned a program to link more than one microcomputer to operate together. The current or former
8088:
4725:
1232:, but Novell's legal department rejected this due to apprehension of a possible legal response from Apple, so the company went directly to Apple starting
6673:
4984:
2506:
Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, some of Novell's products and brands were transferred to another of the Attachmate Group business units,
1960:
re-certified their Novell CNE employees— the field support technicians who were Novell's primary contact in the field with direct customers—as Microsoft
1731:
only 5 percent for Novell's PerfectOffice. As such, the WordPerfect and Quattro Pro part of the company dragged down Novell's earnings and stock price.
3884:
9817:
9802:
9762:
9757:
9737:
9221:
8797:
7276:
2952:, a network appliance print server supports mobility on printing, a user can print from any device from anywhere to anywhere in any corner of the world
2017:
In the early 2000s Novell moved its headquarters to this building in Waltham, Massachusetts, following the acquisition of Cambridge Technology Partners
2428:, and others. Reaction of industry analysts to the move varied, with some positive and some more mixed. Among the more skeptical was Dan Kusnetzky of
7519:
4239:(Interview). Interviewed by Hancock, Marguerite Gong; Katz, Jeff. Mountain View, California, USA: Computer History Museum. pp. 21–22, 29–30, 35.
1744:
collaboration product. By some estimates Novell had lost $ 750 million on the WordPerfect experience. The sale to Corel was completed in March 1996.
1184:
to provide personal productivity and group collaboration products. In all, Noorda acquired ten companies within a four-year span. By September 1993,
3293:
3194:
1466:, which included full support for multiple processors as well as improved installation and ease-of-use and additional NetWare integration features.
1283:
offered the best possible answer for the operating system component, and started building code towards that purpose, including contributing work on
929:, but none of them made much of a dent in Novell's business. Microsoft tried on two early occasions to take on Novell in networking, first with the
562:
Novell made some networking hardware products even after NetWare became a success; here, a Novell NE2000 16-bit ISA 10BASE-2 Ethernet card from 1990
7187:
5209:
2131:
In mid-2003, Novell released "Novell Enterprise Linux Services" (NNLS), which ported some of the services traditionally associated with NetWare to
7349:"CPTN Holdings LLC (acquirer of 882 Novell patents): Microsoft, Apple, EMC and Oracle are the partners according to German antitrust notification"
4959:
Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1
2920:
integrates three Novell products that work together to discover, analyze, provision, relocate and optimize file storage based on business policies
2052:
In July 2002, Novell acquired SilverStream Software, a leader in web services-oriented applications, but a laggard in the marketplace. Renamed to
9822:
9767:
9742:
9385:
7216:
6829:
5104:
4927:
4180:
2460:. The company declined the offer, saying that the proposal was inadequate and that it undervalued the company's franchise and growth prospects.
1792:
years there had been marked by having to disassemble Noorda's acquisitions but also by failing to fully recognize the growing importance of the
6991:
6843:
3217:
3023:
allows the packaging and deployment of virtualized applications with predictive application-streaming that delivers apps based on user behavior
2230:
revolved around the interpretation of the 1995 asset-transfer agreements between Novell and the Santa Cruz Operation, a predecessor company to
1169:
4803:
2298:
rich media platform—for patent infringement. One condition common to each covenant was that no Moonlight implementation be released under the
9182:
7578:
6597:
4274:
4099:
1415:. The measure was intended to help Novell compete against Microsoft, which was on the verge of including networking as a built-in feature of
6872:
4851:
3266:
523:
Novell Data Systems set up offices in a former carpet warehouse located in an obscure industrial park down the road from the largely vacant
9782:
8968:
8072:
6377:
6352:
3140:
1768:
talked of "a disastrous acquisition spree undertaken by previous CEO Ray Noorda in an effort to compete with Microsoft." By the year 2000,
1065:
conference, seen here with its entrance letters in 1995, helped spread the word about how developers and partners could make use of NetWare
8015:
Novell ZENworks Endpoint Security Management utilizes an installed client application to enforce complete security on the endpoint itself.
2739:
5927:
1762:
referred to "acquisitions Mr. Noorda had made in his latter years in a disastrous attempt to compete head-on with Microsoft", while the
1223:
in June 1991. The move was seen as a way for Novell to supply software for server-focused PCs in alternative to Microsoft. NetWare used
9137:
6437:
4117:
3510:
3019:
2142:
9, based on Ximian Desktop and SUSE Linux Professional 9.1. This was Novell's first attempt to get into the enterprise desktop market.
1045:
refused to give Novell an equal number of seats on the new board, Noorda pulled out shortly before the deal would have been completed.
834:
alternative to mainframe-based server networks, providing critical reliability and security features needed in the modern enterprise."
7404:
960:
Novell's Building F in Provo in 1994, part of a large complex of Novell buildings once there, with the Wasatch Range in the background
9812:
8973:
6757:
6495:
6412:
5140:
2745:
1897:
as a core system component in all mainstream PC operating systems after 1995 led to a steep decline in Novell's market share. Unlike
1619:
magazine wrote in early 1995 about the three-pronged strategy, these "unrelated ... families of products formed an unsteady tripod".
6733:
4583:
4035:
3365:
3067:
facilitates the control of Linux desktops and servers, using policy-driven automation to deploy, manage and maintain Linux resources
1458:
in January 1994, in both personal and advanced server editions and with the bundled inclusion of TCP/IP, a NetWare Unix Client, and
1341:. The Canopy Group was a technology investment firm and real estate company that Noorda focused on after his departure from Novell.
9772:
7999:
7649:
6782:
5292:
4777:
1041:
that would have been the largest deal in the software industry to that time. But it collapsed the following month: when Lotus head
7613:
9752:
9732:
9722:
9651:
7373:
7298:
7062:
4419:
2824:
semi-dedicated file servers were a compelling offering. As Windows grew into a server OS too, though, NetWare couldn't compete."
6278:
2584:. Again, the former Novell products are listed within OpenText product groups without being identified as to their Novell past.
1114:
when competing against imported home appliances: allow the resellers to "make more money off your product than someone else's".
9807:
9747:
9727:
9589:
8858:
8822:
6632:
6540:
5946:
2972:
provides a low-cost alternative to Microsoft Professional Desktop Platform; features workgroup services and collaboration tools
2353:
team expressed strong disapproval of the announcement and asked Novell to reconsider. The team included an employee of Novell,
6001:
5580:
4833:
4361:
3898:
3738:
3587:
3568:
3550:
3532:
3436:
3414:
3165:
2764:
Novell was one of the first computer companies to provide proficiency certification for users of its products. They included:
2381:, Novell restructured its business around the new initiative. Technologies from Novell's 2008 acquisition of Canadian company
1493:. SuperNOS would also operate across distributed servers with unified presentation. Finally, SuperNOS would take advantage of
9787:
8754:
7785:
6228:
4553:
4429:
390:
model and changed computing worldwide. Novell was the second-largest maker of software for personal computers, trailing only
17:
6160:
4233:
3342:
3241:
3006:
provides secure team collaboration with document management and workflow features that can replace existing intranet systems
9717:
9102:
7810:
7327:
7240:
3760:
2966:
offers NetWare services like centralized server management and secure file storage, running on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
1142:
7946:
7676:
5883:
5865:
7258:
4635:
7845:
5784:
5651:
4755:
4613:
3917:
3459:
2835:, the first two software giants in the field in Utah were Novell and WordPerfect in the early 1980s. To that point, the
1541:
involvement with UnixWare. Another aim, that Novell might be able to coalesce Unix vendor versions and thus resolve the
9797:
8420:
4661:
4158:
2287:
One of the first results of this partnership was Novell adapting the OpenXML/ODF Translator for use in OpenOffice.org.
1512:. For clustering, SuperNOS would embrace elements of a NetWare distributed parallel processing proposal and a UnixWare
1307:
1019:
cards. It was due to this kind of industry vision that Noorda would become known as the "Father of Network Computing".
7971:
4421:
Born Global Standard Establishers: Einfluss- und Erfolgsfaktoren für die internationale Standardsetzung und -erhaltung
2156:
project, based on SUSE Professional. openSUSE can be downloaded freely and is also available as boxed retail product.
9487:
9310:
8792:
4976:
4139:
3993:
1984:
1565:
1318:
in July 1994. The deal comprised a direct payment of half this sum as well as shares representing 2% of the company.
7928:
6683:
3312:
3083:
automates patch assessment, monitoring and remediation; monitors patch compliance to detect security vulnerabilities
1435:
operating system product. Novell then turned the Unix brand name and specification over to the industry consortium
719:
The company realized that making a proprietary solution in this sense was disadvantageous and looked instead to the
9439:
9097:
8186:
5513:
3842:
3823:
3805:
2898:
761:
734:
NetWare came on the computing scene just as the IBM PC was emerging as a market force and applications such as the
5722:
5554:
5494:
5085:
4329:
3953:
3784:
2452:, an institutional investor with approximately 8.5% stock ownership of Novell, offered to acquire the company for
9671:
8352:
7641:
7369:
7348:
7020:
6142:
5905:
5316:
5114:
3643:
2503:
per share in cash being paid to acquire Novell. Novell became a wholly owned subsidiary of The Attachmate Group.
2374:
2226:
2209:
1137:
between the two companies and the two CEOs, stemming in part from merger talks between Noorda and Microsoft head
7156:
3695:
3035:
provides automated endpoint-management, software distribution, user support, and accelerated Windows 7 migration
9053:
8787:
5965:
4714:
4379:
4203:
2769:
1710:
WordPerfect also played in a role in larger architectural ambitions within Novell, as WordPerfect incorporated
1597:
1486:
530:
At first the company began to grow rapidly. By mid-1981 the company was selling two products, the Nexus Series
2329:(SFLC), described the agreement as "worse than useless". In a separate development, the chairman of the SFLC,
1845:
also began to be added to NetWare. An Internet-focused product released during 1996 was called Intranetware.
1462:
functionality for running DOS and Windows 3.1 applications. This was followed in early 1995 by the release of
1263:
could license the source code to take over and continue independent development of their derivations in 1994.
8929:
8159:
3876:
2962:
2688:
2309:
Despite controversy with some in the community, Novell persisted: its booth at Solutions Linux 2009 in Paris.
2238:
2146:
2022:
1835:
1034:
269:
7294:
7280:
4453:
2978:
offers a full-featured desktop-to-server solution running on Linux, designed to support small business users
2577:
past. The one page at the Micro Focus website listing former Novell products did not even mention NetWare.
2448:
Novell had long been rumored to be a target for acquisition by a variety of other companies. In March 2010,
9461:
9003:
8053:
8051:
8048:
7529:
6478:
2916:
2827:
But the effects of Novell have been long-lasting. While information technology had been present along the
2549:
employees from the Provo location, raising questions about the future of some open source projects such as
2273:
2132:
1688:
1577:
1545:, was not achieved either. By late summer 1995 the company was looking for a way out of the Unix business.
944:
However, Novell was also diversifying, moving away from its smaller users to target large corporations and
815:
800:
796:
780:
8036:
7645:
5744:
2361:
that the statement was agreed on by all members of the team, and later quit his job at Novell in protest.
1695:
collaboration product. There was also a professional edition that included AppWare as well as Borland's
9159:
9114:
6297:
5360:
2440:
2326:
2200:
hypervisor. SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (popularly known as SLED) featured a new user-friendly GUI and
1955:
jet which it operated as a corporate shuttle aircraft, here seen taking off from San Jose bound for Provo
1947:
1613:
materialize). Novell also continued to release a number of new Appware Loadable Modules. But overall, as
1494:
517:
7909:
6873:"Covenant to Downstream Recipients of Moonlight – Microsoft & Novell Interoperability Collaboration"
5630:
5241:
2936:
provides secure e-mail, calendaring, contact management, and task management with mobile synchronization
853:, and they, along with a couple of prior Novell acquisitions, formed the basis for Novell's presence in
9666:
9154:
8963:
8827:
6458:
5376:
4515:
2540:
CPTN does not have the right to limit which of the patents, if any, are available under the OIN license
2205:
1557:
1260:
757:
675:
7866:
6825:
2176:
In June 2006, chief executive Jack Messman and chief finance officer Joseph Tibbetts were fired, with
2135:(SLES) version 8. NetWare 6.5, released in 2003, would prove to be the last version of that product.
1885:
873:, which gave NetWare more modern architectural qualities, in conjunction with new capabilities in the
443:
The company was an independent corporate entity until it was acquired as a wholly owned subsidiary by
8934:
8889:
8747:
8672:
8145:
7425:
6705:"Microsoft and Novell Announce Broad Collaboration on Windows and Linux Interoperability and Support"
4919:
4400:
2775:
1842:
1489:, and accordingly create a network operating system that could successfully compete with Microsoft's
1364:
1229:
971:
was hailing Novell as another Utah success story in technology, likely to follow in the footsteps of
723:
as an alternative platform. Now called NetWare, the network operating system was ported to run on an
595:. Canova was fired and Jack Messman, representing Safeguard Scientifics, was named president. Seeing
429:
167:
6999:
6851:
4075:
2885:
gives Microsoft Windows users access to NetWare and Open Enterprise Server services and applications
2809:
2188:
1639:
1074:. Such resellers provided network education, installation, and subsequent maintenance, and included
9358:
9297:
9048:
9018:
8897:
8853:
8779:
8692:
8373:
7735:
6513:
6259:"Staying Alive: A battered, but uncowed, Novell tries to emerge as an Internet services powerhouse"
5176:
4883:
2648:
2521:
Immediately prior to merger being finalized, Novell completed the patent sale to CPTN Holdings for
2449:
2378:
2338:
2026:
1444:
1408:
1311:
1161:
709:
658:
567:
502:
406:
368:
6605:
5392:
4264:
4103:
9576:
9127:
9063:
9033:
8998:
8914:
8802:
8525:
8520:
8276:
7731:
6966:"Bradley M. Kuhn's Letter to the FOSS Development Community Regarding Microsoft's Patent Promise"
6880:
6518:
5803:
2694:
2654:
2258:
1989:
1764:
1715:
1648:
1516:
initiative. SuperNOS was based on work that had already started at USL and at the French company
1482:
1173:
1087:
1057:
879:
788:
760:
without regard for separate or protected address spaces, and thus not having the properties of a
8068:
7551:
6381:
6356:
5762:
4968:
3259:
2879:
gives Linux desktop users access to NetWare and Open Enterprise Server services and applications
1576:
product would realize some aspects of a hybrid NetWare/Unix-like system, this time based around
455:
in 2023. Novell products and technologies are now integrated within various OpenText divisions.
401:
During the early to mid-1990s, Noorda attempted to compete directly with Microsoft by acquiring
9621:
9584:
9068:
9038:
9028:
9008:
8988:
8807:
8540:
8413:
8302:
7429:
4957:
4545:
3042:
2988:
2534:
2221:
1573:
883:
579:
190:
7087:
5607:
3667:
3029:
provides reports on hardware and software, integrating licensing, installation, and usage data
2984:
streamlines and automates the provision of IT services. An OEM product from LiveTime Software.
2318:
would allow distribution of code, including the Linux kernel, under this exclusive agreement.
1536:
Novell had a development office in Bracknell, Berkshire, UK for many years (here seen in 2006)
538:. Orders began shipping during the second half of 1981. The computer product was based on the
9601:
9571:
9363:
9305:
9174:
9073:
8993:
8983:
8817:
8633:
8281:
7108:
6922:
6901:
6258:
6090:
6025:
5827:
5452:
5263:
5026:
4998:
4873:
4475:
3074:
2832:
2592:
2295:
2102:
1980:
1952:
1869:
1723:
1275:
1149:
972:
967:
792:
776:
578:
group, were hired to this task and began consulting for Novell during 1981. They developed a
391:
7769:
7721:
7662:
6068:
6049:
5846:
5673:
5166:
4680:
4533:
2897:
keeps applications and mobile devices constantly in sync, and offers connectors for popular
2891:
simplifies resource management on a Storage Area Network (SAN) and enables high-availability
1517:
845:
in 1989; Excelan manufactured smart Ethernet cards and commercialized the Internet protocol
742:
were showing what microcomputers could do for businesses. There was an immediate demand for
509:
was not a founder of Novell Data Systems, he did work with the company from its early days.
9616:
9611:
9403:
9378:
9236:
9043:
8919:
8873:
8740:
8721:
8650:
8286:
8179:
7021:"GPLv3 — Transcript of Richard Stallman from the fifth international GPLv3 conference"
4541:
2924:
2863:
2464:
2208:
version of SLES called "SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time" (SLERT), based on technology from
2139:
2094:
2041:. With the acquisition of CTP, which closed in July 2001, Novell moved its headquarters to
1976:
1931:
1774:
would say that "The WordPerfect acquisition was the biggest disaster in software history".
1684:
1631:
1549:
1448:
1447:
in the summer of 1995. The USL Europe office in London was moved into Novell's facility in
1248:
1071:
850:
444:
163:
1011:
networking cards for use in conjunction with NetWare than they did for use with their own
8:
9656:
9633:
9432:
9408:
9266:
9256:
9241:
9058:
8978:
8677:
2928:
examines and reports on terabytes of unstructured file data, and forecasts storage growth
2291:
1680:
1513:
1412:
1256:
1200:
1083:
584:
69:
4497:
3883:. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA: Sams.net (Macmillan Computer Publishing). pp. 391ff.
1822:
in 1993, NDS replaced the old Bindery server and user management technology employed by
1469:
In September 1994 Novell began publicly describing its plans to develop a "SuperNOS", a
9226:
9164:
9023:
8924:
8530:
8224:
7066:
7041:
5284:
4999:"CCI helps users run more DOS apps - Multiuser DOS Lite handles eight NetWare sessions"
4721:
3013:
2944:
stores files for secure accessibility online and offline, across systems and on the web
2496:
2394:
2390:
2342:
2305:
1918:
1758:
1719:
1696:
1585:
1440:
1352:
1195:
895:
743:
601:
535:
387:
383:
230:
7690:
6334:
3481:
3061:, protects user data, enforces password policies, and locks out lost or stolen devices
2850:
has credited the rise of the industry in Utah to three people, among them Ray Noorda.
2109:). This acquisition signaled Novell's plans to move its collective product set onto a
1375:-based operating systems, programming languages, tools and technologies) were sold to
1270:
was a project run by Novell's advanced technology group that sought to put together a
9707:
9681:
9565:
9373:
9149:
9078:
8902:
8699:
8623:
8535:
8406:
8358:
8339:
8214:
7739:
6965:
6678:
5180:
4972:
4887:
4549:
4534:
4425:
3114:
3045:
like laptops, smart phones, and thumb drives; offers driver-level firewall protection
2817:
Novell had a difficult time being associated for anything other than NetWare. And as
2480:
2425:
2398:
2389:, an online Linux software creation tool through which users could develop their own
2045:. As for Schmidt, he departed Novell soon after the CTP announcement and headed for
1643:
Novell's PerfectOffice suite, reflecting the purchases of WordPerfect and Quattro Pro
1416:
1233:
1148:
Between 1991 and 1994, the Noorda-led Novell made this series of major acquisitions:
1062:
945:
765:
575:
506:
94:
6786:
6548:
6316:
6184:
5210:"Unix Labs and Novell plan join venture, reveal bones of mass distribution alliance"
3712:
2416:
Partnerships in connection with intelligent workload management were announced with
2249:
expressed the hope that such cooperation would lead to better compatibility between
1670:
The market for standalone word processors and spreadsheets was expanding to that of
1532:
1168:
operating system technology, to improve Novell's technology base versus Windows NT;
9251:
9194:
9132:
8868:
8837:
8667:
8640:
8501:
8317:
8266:
8229:
8056:
7835:
7698:
6923:"Groklaw — The Morning After — Reactions to Novell-MS — Updated 2xs"
5692:
2629:
2350:
2334:
2250:
2177:
2098:
1997:
1894:
1854:
1827:
1700:
1675:
1459:
1380:
1271:
1216:
1111:
1082:
for very small businesses all the way up to sophisticated systems integrators like
1079:
772:
646:
485:
424:
NetWare began losing market share once Microsoft bundled network services with the
402:
330:
264:
243:
6807:
2873:
automates the configuration and management of high-availability, clustered servers
956:
9712:
9676:
9498:
8909:
8863:
8812:
8714:
8601:
8389:
8172:
8155:
Open Horizons — A co-operative EMEA body of international Novell User Groups
8149:
2550:
2492:
2476:
2322:
2106:
2030:
2021:
In March 2001, it was announced that Novell was acquiring the consulting company
1615:
1553:
1288:
670:
655:
365:
279:
6378:"Novell Receives Settlement From Aqua Systems, Inc. in Improper Upgrade Lawsuit"
2858:
Products marketed by Novell during the latter stages of its existence included:
2596:
Internal company T-shirt celebrating acquisitions of WordPerfect and Quattro Pro
9606:
8550:
8114:
7950:
7494:
4964:
4808:
2867:
provides Internet access controls, secure VPN, and firewall services on NetWare
2843:
2813:
Utah Valley, home of Novell, WordPerfect, and many tech companies that followed
2580:
In January 2023, Micro Focus was in turn acquired by Canadian software company
2488:
2421:
2354:
2254:
1818:
standard and supported the notion of a distributed directory. Introduced with
1333:
desktop project and in late 1994 or early 1995 transferred some components to
1330:
1267:
1237:
922:
918:
887:
854:
749:
701:
662:
372:
259:
7890:
7694:
7451:"Novell Completes Merger with Attachmate and Patent Sale to CPTN Holdings LLC"
2958:
enables NetWare 6.5 servers to access UNIX and Linux NFS-exported file-systems
886:
was also a significant benefit. NetWare 3 supported interactions with Apple's
692:
9701:
9686:
9276:
9246:
9216:
9144:
9013:
8448:
7743:
6729:
6494:
The 2002 date of this as posted on web is clearly incorrect; see for example
5788:
5288:
5184:
4952:
4923:
4891:
4759:
3395:
3091:
2828:
2265:
2231:
2053:
2042:
1861:
1671:
1525:
1399:
Novell's Summit, New Jersey, office, 1994 (formerly Unix System Laboratories)
1376:
1334:
1244:
1015:
network operating systems, and a similar situation existed for IBM and their
1007:, who had been an early competitor of Novell's, sold more instances of their
705:
531:
120:
77:
5886:(Press release). Business Wire. 1996-03-06 – via Gale General OneFile.
4536:
CCIE: Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert Study Guide: Routing and Switching
2290:
Microsoft released two public covenants not to sue users of the open source
55:
9661:
9317:
9119:
8545:
8509:
8234:
7556:
7160:
6407:
5141:"Novell abandons Nest and prompts Sun to join embedded systems group (440)"
5109:
5052:
4269:
3294:"Orem-based Computer Company Promotes Three Top Executives to Higher Posts"
2837:
2819:
2365:
that GPL version 3 would be designed to block similar deals in the future.
2110:
1965:
1865:
1849:
1699:
database. PerfectOffice surpassed in sales one early player in the space,
1501:
1478:
1463:
1455:
1338:
1186:
838:
713:
524:
235:
225:
3588:"Safeguard's switch from hardware to software leads to $ 3.9 million loss"
2998:
efficiently balances security and productivity across an entire enterprise
1210:
639:
Novell's so-called "shark's teeth" logo, used from the late 1980s to 1996
364:, that existed from 1980 until 2014. Its most significant product was the
9627:
9337:
9327:
8764:
8645:
8596:
8453:
8087:
Lewis, Scott M. (2018-05-23) . "Novell, Inc.". In Bodine, Paul S. (ed.).
8055:(NB. Marc Perkel claimed to have inspired Novell in February 1991 to buy
7262:
6654:
4710:
4301:
3002:
2660:
2562:
2386:
2330:
2061:
1898:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1704:
1656:
1652:
1474:
1470:
1177:
1106:
1091:
1000:
980:
934:
870:
866:
513:
448:
414:
410:
395:
357:
274:
185:
8069:"Surfing the High Tech Wave: A story of Novell's early years, 1980–1990"
5763:"Novell Completes Sale of UnixWare Business to The Santa Cruz Operation"
5285:"Novell completes acquisition of UNIX System Laboratories from AT&T"
4265:"How the clammy claws of Novell NetWare were torn from today's networks"
3073:
secures and manages mobile devices, both corporate-issued and personal (
1626:
1601:
disparate technologies of the two products were combined and renamed to
700:
The first Novell product was a proprietary hardware server based on the
9342:
9322:
9169:
8655:
8575:
8496:
8483:
8363:
8219:
8209:
7844:. Johannesburg, South Africa: Novell. IT Public Relations. 2001-05-15.
4493:
3713:"Annual Report Pursuant ... for the Fiscal Year Ended October 30, 1993"
2992:
provides automated management of file storage for users and work groups
2515:
2514:
brand was spun off as its own business unit. The fourth business unit,
2511:
2463:
Novell announced in November 2010 that it had agreed to be acquired by
2373:
In December 2009, Novell announced its intention to lead the market in
2237:
The case attracted considerable industry and media attention, with the
1906:
1902:
1811:
1509:
1490:
1420:
1344:
1326:, Novell Directory Services, and other management services components.
1138:
1129:
1098:
was an important step, one that could be furthered with levels such as
1038:
1023:
1016:
728:
616:
571:
551:
489:
437:
425:
379:
214:
209:
116:
6569:
3745:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1983-04-14. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
3575:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1982-07-08. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
3557:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1982-04-29. p. 36 – via Newspapers.com.
3517:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1982-04-01. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
3300:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1981-07-23. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
3224:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1986-09-25. p. 28 – via Newspapers.com.
3201:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1981-06-18. p. 30 – via Newspapers.com.
2013:
1500:
In terms of operating system architecture, SuperNOS would run NLMs in
1094:
basis. Credentialization programs were in place, such that becoming a
803:(SAP). All of these NetWare protocols mapped to various layers of the
472:
Novell's chief scientist was Drew Major, here seen later in his career
436:, Novell entered a long period of decline. Eventually Novell acquired
9539:
9332:
9271:
9109:
8704:
8555:
8488:
8307:
7726:
6876:
6847:
6737:
6708:
6544:
5729:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 5 (I.T.2) – via Newspapers.com.
5171:
5031:
5003:
4878:
4685:
4386:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1986-12-03. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
3960:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 1 (I.T.2) – via Newspapers.com.
2932:
2733:
2709:
2614:
2484:
2472:
2382:
2138:
In November 2004, Novell released the Linux-based enterprise desktop
2117:
1873:
1741:
1692:
1664:
1542:
1505:
1428:
1042:
926:
906:
874:
804:
724:
539:
433:
8160:
Open Horizons UK — An active Novell User Group for UK customers
8127:
5053:"Caldera and Corsair – Who is Caldera, and what is Corsair, really?"
2565:
announced it was buying The Attachmate Group, including Novell, for
1964:
technicians, and were encouraged to position NetWare as inferior to
1635:
The WordPerfect building in Orem, Utah, with Novell signage, in 1994
9596:
9526:
9231:
8628:
8618:
8613:
8580:
8560:
8478:
8443:
8429:
8271:
8137:
7722:"Novell, DRI plan network-based DOS - Firm to enter desktop battle"
7109:"Jeremy Allison Has Resigned from Novell to Protest MS Patent Deal"
6944:
6573:
3058:
3009:
2581:
2358:
2153:
2001:
1793:
1679:
most of which had originated at WordPerfect Corporation, including
1521:
1432:
1360:
1323:
1012:
1008:
911:
811:
739:
735:
452:
171:
4681:"Novell promises fair play in new climate of competition, support"
2321:
In a letter to the FOSS development community on 9 November 2006,
2168:
Novell with SuSE at the Invex expo in Brno, Czech Republic in 2006
2081:
1427:
The deal closed in June 1993, with Novell acquiring rights to the
428:
operating system and its successors. Despite new products such as
9534:
9478:
9473:
9468:
8709:
8662:
8606:
8570:
8565:
8345:
8312:
7399:
7112:
6459:"Aviation Photo #0507908: Fokker F-28-1000 Fellowship - Untitled"
5539:. Orem, Utah, USA: Novell, Inc. 1995. pp. 6, 22, back cover.
5105:"Novell Integrating Parts of NEST With Company's Other Divisions"
4946:
4944:
2940:
2664:
2642:
2623:
2402:
2315:
2065:
2049:, where he became chair of the board (and soon after that, CEO).
1770:
1711:
1660:
1602:
1407:
initiative, Novell announced in December 1992 that it was buying
1387:
In January 1997, Novell's NEST initiative was abandoned as well.
1356:
1303:
1181:
1075:
842:
784:
687:
468:
418:
356:) was an American software and services company headquartered in
8732:
8463:
8154:
6734:"Steve Ballmer: Microsoft and Novell Collaboration Announcement"
5411:"Novell Plans Common SuperNOS Kernel for UnixWare and NetWare".
3879:. In Sportack, Mark A.; Pappas, Frank C.; Rensing, Emil (eds.).
2906:
manages applications, devices, and servers over their life-cycle
1722:
strategy. That strategy was tied to having supporting multiple
1718:
technology. These became part of the basis for Novell's larger
1596:
In June 1993, Novell purchased Serius Corp., a firm that made a
1548:
In September 1995, Novell announced the sale of UnixWare to the
1497:
paradigms as a way of fostering easier application development.
9456:
9281:
8368:
8032:
7640:
See for example the datasheets and other product documents for
7579:"Micro Focus buying Novell, Suse Linux owner for $ 1.2 billion"
7498:
3415:"Help Wanted: Grow with us in Utah Valley: Novell Data Systems"
3260:"Novell Execution of "one Net" – Critical Corporate Milestones"
3095:
configuration management, asset management and patch management
2948:
2703:
2679:
2570:
2406:
2090:
2046:
1436:
1404:
1348:
1295:
1224:
1157:
1153:
976:
930:
899:
846:
823:
819:
756:
Partly in consequence of its design of running at kernel level
747:
value of networking. Thus, Novell's timing was spot on. As the
720:
612:
592:
83:
7774:. Information Gatekeepers Inc. pp. 4–. GGKEY:B3PUUWYUKBN.
5501:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com.
5092:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com.
4941:
4920:"Novell and Digital Research sign definitive merger agreement"
3396:"Computer Firm's On Way to Becoming Utah's Next Success Story"
2164:
2120:, which led to a major shift of power in Linux distributions.
2085:
SuSE Linux headquarters and Novell office in Nuremberg in 2007
1992:, forming the foundation of a core product set within Novell.
1306:
in 1993 and was also utilized for the in-house development of
989:
We don't even have an industry; we have to build an industry.
951:
27:
1980–2014 American multinational software and services company
9483:
8682:
8060:
7840:
7524:
6865:
6301:
4840:. Provo, Utah, USA. pp. 1, 2 – via Newspapers.com.
4424:(in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Gabler Verlag. p. 188.
3366:"'Most Misunderstood Company' Well-Known in Computer Circles"
3106:
2530:
2507:
2429:
2299:
2276:
subscription. Additionally, Microsoft agreed to spend around
2038:
1910:
1736:
1561:
1280:
865:
A key software introduction came in 1989 with the release of
826:. They priced them lower than cards from competitors such as
31:
8132:
5475:"Novell Ready to Embark on the Road to Object Orientation".
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
9544:
9516:
9511:
9506:
8398:
7870:
7241:"Novell announces workload management strategy and roadmap"
6279:"Novell prepares to move into 412,000 square foot building"
6185:"Novell Picks Young to Succeed Frankenberg as Firm's Chair"
6043:
6041:
6039:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6008:. Provo, Utah, USA. p. C12 – via Newspapers.com.
3372:. Provo, Utah, USA. p. 16B – via Newspapers.com.
2626:(1989) for TCP/IP, Unix, Mac, DEC VMS connectivity products
2620:
Indisy Software (1988/1990) for e-mail and message handling
2529:
All of the Novell patents would be acquired subject to the
1961:
1914:
1372:
1368:
1363:) as well as other remaining Digital Research assets (like
1165:
1004:
917:
There were competitor companies in the same space, such as
891:
827:
543:
361:
345:
336:
8142:
7511:
7495:"Employees say hundreds laid off at Novell's Provo office"
7395:"Details Emerge of Patents Novell Is Selling to Microsoft"
7362:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5167:"Empty NEST: Novell dumps universal operating system plan"
2636:(1991) for PC operating system software (DR DOS etc.)
2556:
1975:
By 2000, some large NetWare enterprise customers, such as
8244:
8164:
8123:
7677:"Layoffs Ahead As OpenText Closes $ 5.8B Micro Focus Buy"
7418:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7204:
6836:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6104:
4950:
4312:
3715:. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. pp. 2, 14
3313:"BYU Connection Solders Together Local Computer Industry"
2417:
2410:
2201:
2197:
2192:
Novell's booth at a 2007 event in Beijing, showing slogan
2121:
2057:
1969:
1703:, and GroupWise found three times the number of users as
1299:
1284:
1172:, maker of an advanced application development tool; and
619:
saw it and become interested in the company's potential.
558:
447:
in 2011. Attachmate was subsequently acquired in 2014 by
46:
7599:"Micro Focus Completes Merger with the Attachmate Group"
7328:"Novell Agrees to be Acquired by Attachmate Corporation"
6674:"Microsoft wins dismissal of Novell's antitrust lawsuit"
6267:
Including "Leaving Netware Behind" sidebar, same author.
6178:
6176:
6174:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6036:
6012:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5893:
4955:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) .
3666:
Derfler, Frank J. Jr.; Thompson, M. Keith (1989-12-12).
3460:"Technical Excellence: Networking: Advanced NetWare/286"
2471:, and planned to operate Novell as two units, one being
1236:
in February 1992, a project to run an x86-port of their
311:
7320:
7217:"Intelligent workload management: A new way of working"
6915:
5828:"LAN leader Novell readies distributed network assault"
5667:
5665:
5618:
4844:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4094:
4092:
4090:
3987:
1211:
Desktop OS and embedded systems: DOS, NEST, and Corsair
1191:
down from the CEO position once a successor was found.
7715:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7426:"Attachmate Corporation Statement on openSUSE project"
7201:
6697:
6345:
6101:
5989:. Orem, Utah, USA: Novell, Inc. 1996. pp. 15, 18.
5928:"Novell Acquisitions Hinge On Stock Price Fluctuation"
5345:"Novell Leaves New Jersey, Takes Unix Crowd With It".
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4469:
4467:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3041:(ZES) - provides identity-based protection for client
2435:
1756:
The business press was negative on the whole attempt:
1647:
In March 1994, Novell announced that it was acquiring
1454:
Novell's time with Unix technology saw the release of
914:
position in NOS for any business requiring a network.
60:
Headquarters tower (Building H) in Provo, Utah in 2008
7992:
7939:
7803:
7665:
as accessed on the Micro Focus website on 2022-08-06.
7652:
as accessed on the Micro Focus website on 2021-02-18.
7234:
7232:
7230:
7180:"Novell Delivers Workload Automation Strategy, Tools"
7101:
6894:
6592:
6590:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6171:
6127:
5890:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4715:"Novell/Digital Research reach definitive agreement…"
4454:"How Novell peaked, then threw it all away in a year"
4395:
4393:
4295:
4293:
4291:
3830:. 1985-05-01. p. 8-D – via Newspapers.com.
3812:. 1985-01-16. p. 3-F – via Newspapers.com.
3526:
3524:
3421:. 1980-11-27. p. C 7 – via Newspapers.com.
3252:
3218:"Ray Noorda given credit for saving computer company"
3195:"Orem Data Systems Company Now Shipping New Computer"
3172:. 1980-11-22. p. 3-B – via Newspapers.com.
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
2220:
Beginning in 2003, Novell became a key player in the
2116:
In November 2003, Novell acquired Linux OS developer
1627:
Applications: WordPerfect, Quattro Pro, and GroupWise
1403:
On the server side, after their initial October 1991
1143:
Federal Trade Commission investigation into Microsoft
505:
professor and Eyring Research Institute (ERI) figure
333:
7828:
7689:
For instance, see the product description pages for
7552:".NET Android and iOS clones stripped by Attachmate"
7543:
7486:
7251:
6532:
6395:
6222:
6220:
6218:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5662:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5158:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
4874:"Novell/DRI merger to reap better client management"
4771:
4769:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4562:
4087:
4082:. pp. 42–44, 46–47, 50, 52, 54, 58, 60, 62, 64.
3849:. 1985-01-31. p. 39 – via Newspapers.com.
3754:
3752:
3586:
Sullivan, Brian P.; Brooks, Rodney A. (1982-07-27).
3235:
3233:
3231:
2605:(1986) for storage subsystems, network adapters, PCs
2272:
from Microsoft to Novell for patent cooperation and
1552:(SCO), coincident with a licensing arrangement with
1037:
announced merger of equals based on a $ 1.5-billion
779:(XNS), and created its own standards which it named
348:
342:
7778:
7704:
7634:
7570:
7013:
6936:
6541:"Novell frees SUSE Professional under new branding"
6216:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6084:
6082:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5257:
5255:
4816:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4584:"Flummoxed by the Internet, Head of Novell Resigns"
4464:
4336:. London, UK. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
4198:
4196:
4194:
4069:
3964:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3853:
3654:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
1877:Turbo FAT file system remained a supported option.
1390:
339:
7701:as accessed on the OpenText website on 2024-08-25.
7227:
7135:"Novell could be banned from selling Linux: group"
6722:
6648:
6646:
6587:
6465:
6434:"Reseller Files $ 5M Lawsuit Against Ingram Micro"
6317:"Shares of Novell Decline As Analysts Cut Ratings"
6308:
5947:"Novell and WordPerfect To Tie Knot A Month Early"
5821:
5819:
5817:
5738:
5736:
5682:See also sidebar article "Name Game" on same page.
5431:"Novell Gets to Grips With Its SuperNOS Project".
5317:"Novell formally announces the Unix Systems Group"
5279:
5277:
4956:
4788:
4672:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4401:"Six ex-Novell buildings sold to become tech park"
4390:
4288:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4036:"Microsoft May Sound 'The Death Knell For Novell'"
3918:"Novell Inc.: BI-286 Business Basic II capability"
3800:
3798:
3761:"Novell's Expansion Puts Its Products to the Test"
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3579:
3521:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3151:
2368:
2183:
2076:
8066:
7469:
7467:
7443:
7387:
6958:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6514:"Cambridge-bound Novell pins recovery on CTP buy"
6505:
6370:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6153:
5709:
5565:
5548:
5546:
5419:
5404:
5384:
5367:
5070:
4766:
4742:
4509:
4507:
4411:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4159:"Novell unveils LAN gear, new version of NetWare"
4029:
4027:
3816:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3749:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3694:. Deseret News Publishing Company. Archived from
3505:
3503:
3501:
3228:
3134:
3132:
3130:
2748:(2008) for Command Control and Compliance Auditor
2617:(1987) for Btrieve database and programming tools
1279:much in license fees. They became convinced that
398:a focus for technology and software development.
9699:
7964:
7947:"LiveTime and Novell partner for Novell Service"
7655:
6818:
6665:
6479:"Novell's Schmidt Joins Google at Critical Time"
6289:
6195:
6161:"Novell Reports Increase in Revenue, Net Income"
6089:Gillooly, Caryn; Burns, Christine (1994-05-23).
6079:
6060:
5993:
5876:
5857:
5755:
5646:
5644:
5608:"UnixWare survives through sale, licensing deal"
5488:
5486:
5463:
5439:
5353:
5252:
4629:
4627:
4594:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4191:
4174:
4172:
4133:
4131:
4084:"The New World of Novell", cover story of issue.
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3954:"Miss the bus and you're on the road to nowhere"
3928:
3543:
3533:"Safeguard Scientifics reports 1st quarter loss"
3475:
3473:
3447:
3430:
3428:
3406:
3376:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3212:
3210:
3208:
2518:, was not directly affected by the acquisition.
2008:
1243:Novell had already abandoned Digital Research's
615:show in Las Vegas in November 1982; a man named
463:
9793:Defunct software companies of the United States
9778:Defunct computer companies of the United States
9386:Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions
7920:
7591:
7517:
7277:"Novell rejects "inadequate" $ 2B takeover bid"
7269:
7080:
6983:
6800:
6643:
6270:
5814:
5804:"Novell brings out first pieces of its AppWare"
5733:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5401:Also "NetWare or UnixWare: Which One?" sidebar.
5311:
5309:
5274:
5236:
5234:
5132:
5096:
5018:
4990:
4804:"Longtime Hewlett Executive Named Novell Chief"
4705:
4703:
4646:
4636:"Biggest, newest roads in Provo lead to Novell"
4516:"Software Giants Lotus, Novell Call Off Merger"
4438:
4046:
3910:
3891:
3795:
3665:
3598:
3561:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3176:
2385:were involved. Key to this also was the use of
1799:
810:Starting in 1987, Novell began selling its own
622:
8000:"Novell ZENworks Endpoint Security Management"
7884:
7882:
7880:
7601:(Press release). Attachmate Group. 2014-11-20.
7464:
7287:
7126:
6619:
6562:
6403:"Novell lawsuit charges PMI with infringement"
6239:
6069:"WordPerfect and Novell plan to adopt OpenDoc"
5921:
5919:
5872:. p. 24 – via Gale General OneFile.
5795:
5581:"SCO-Novell Deal Was Confusing From The Start"
5543:
5027:"IMS offers Real32 OS for application servers"
4983:(xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5-inch floppy) Errata:
4778:"Novell Vs. Microsoft: What's Behind The Hate"
4678:
4504:
4340:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
3834:
3771:
3726:
3585:
3498:
3288:
3286:
3127:
2561:In September 2014, mainframe software company
2215:
1968:features such as Group Policy and Microsoft's
1052:
574:, Dale Neibaur, and Kyle Powell, known as the
8748:
8414:
8180:
7901:
7761:
7055:
6353:"Novell Files Lawsuits Against Two Resellers"
6088:
5641:
5561:. pp. D6, D7 – via Newspapers.com.
5505:
5483:
5202:
4867:
4865:
4624:
4372:
4214:
4169:
4150:
4128:
4110:
4004:
3899:"Dataflex...More than the tip of the iceberg"
3785:"Network computing's 'father' dies at age 82"
3739:"Novell, Inc., of Orem Selects New President"
3470:
3425:
3402:. pp. 1F, 2F – via Newspapers.com.
3323:
3205:
1889:Eric Schmidt, CEO of Novell from 1997 to 2001
1804:
1504:, for maximum throughput, while it would run
999:Under Noorda, Novell embraced the notion of "
8090:International Directory of Company Histories
7605:
7174:
7172:
7170:
6844:"Covenant to End Users of Moonlight 3 and 4"
6067:Borzo, Jeanette; Quinlan, Tom (1993-07-05).
6066:
5674:"Novell to users: All roads lead to NetWare"
5591:
5306:
5231:
4700:
4140:"Novell to Add Features To Advanced Netware"
3991:
3679:
3352:
2831:since the 1950s in the form of work done at
7877:
7476:"Novell's headquarters comes home to Provo"
6682:. Business & Technology. Archived from
6633:"SCO, Novell: Grokking Where Credit is Due"
6426:
5981:
5979:
5916:
5374:"Novell Releases Version 1.1 of UnixWare".
5338:
4720:(Court document). Plaintiff's exhibit 828,
4679:Barney, Doug; van Kirk, Doug (1994-03-28).
4486:
4362:"Can LAN Lord Novell Extend Its Territory?"
4243:
3707:
3705:
3437:"Looking at Safeguard from a safe distance"
3283:
2889:Cluster Services for Open Enterprise Server
2781:Enterprise Certified Novell Engineer (ECNE)
2639:International Business Software Ltd. (1992)
8755:
8741:
8462:
8421:
8407:
8243:
8187:
8173:
7341:
7279:. Networkworld. 2010-03-20. Archived from
6808:"OpenXML/ODF Translator Add-in for Office"
6783:"Novell gets $ 348 million from Microsoft"
6775:
6750:
6671:
6229:"There's No Looking Back For Eric Schmidt"
5957:
5939:
5838:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5495:"Serving in the battle of the billy-carts"
5453:"An up close look at Novell's next gen OS"
5164:
4914:
4912:
4862:
3304:
2611:CXI (1987) for micro-to-mainframe software
1864:, released in August 1997, which supplied
674:percent. Novell, Inc. began trading as an
633:
54:
9818:Software companies disestablished in 2014
9803:Networking companies of the United States
9763:Computer companies disestablished in 2014
9758:Companies based in Waltham, Massachusetts
9738:American companies disestablished in 2014
7859:
7668:
7518:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (2011-05-04).
7238:
7167:
7149:
7034:
7023:. Tokyo, Japan: Fsfeurope.org. 2006-11-21
6992:"Novell opens legal books to GPL pundits"
6538:
6327:
6298:"Novell stock down after revenue decline"
6226:
6023:
6002:"Novell cuts 1,750, slices manufacturing"
5776:
5652:"Future Unix: The Devil's In The Details"
5555:"Windows 95 a hit in the real world, too"
4882:. Networking. Vol. 13, no. 30.
4831:
4526:
4327:
4102:. Cisco Press. 1999-12-08. Archived from
3951:
3594:. p. 7-E – via Newspapers.com.
3242:"Nine things you don't know about Novell"
2793:Master Certified Novell Instructor (MCNI)
2284:yearly to Microsoft, in the same period.
2128:to show support of the SuSE acquisition.
1880:
1655:word processor, as well as acquiring the
1473:-based network operating system based on
8113:
7683:
7663:"Novell is now part of Micro Focus" page
7214:
6758:"Microsoft makes Linux pact with Novell"
6630:
6355:. Novell.com. 1997-03-04. Archived from
6140:
6114:
5976:
5825:
5801:
5685:
5450:
4473:
4359:
4178:
3702:
3539:. p. 5B – via Newspapers.com.
3443:. p. 5F – via Newspapers.com.
3105:
2842:Wasatch Front becoming known by some as
2808:
2796:Certified Linux Professional 10 (CLP 10)
2591:
2439:
2304:
2187:
2163:
2080:
2012:
1946:
1884:
1638:
1630:
1531:
1394:
1056:
955:
691:
557:
467:
378:Under the leadership of chief executive
9652:Community Action Services and Food Bank
8049:Digital Research - The 07-21-91 Summary
7929:"Silicon Slopes: Roots and Opportunity"
7674:
7473:
7374:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
7299:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
7088:"Samba Team Urges Novell To Reconsider"
6945:"Various responses to Microsoft/Novell"
6655:"Jury says Novell owns Unix copyrights"
6511:
6276:
5966:"The Selling – Or Not – Of WordPerfect"
5742:
5552:
5524:
5479:. Computer Business Review. 1995-04-11.
5435:. Computer Business Review. 1995-06-06.
5415:. Computer Business Review. 1994-09-12.
5380:. Computer Business Review. 1994-01-13.
5349:. Computer Business Review. 1995-07-07.
5261:
5045:
4909:
4753:
4709:
4417:
4033:
3685:
3530:
3434:
3393:
3363:
3310:
2976:Open Workgroup Suite for Small Business
2784:Master Certified Novell Engineer (MCNE)
2557:Acquisition by Micro Focus and OpenText
1443:facility, which was later relocated to
787:(SPX). These protocols were based on a
14:
9823:Software companies established in 1980
9768:Computer companies established in 1980
9743:American companies established in 1980
9700:
8030:
7907:
7611:
7549:
7063:"Samba Team Asks Novell to Reconsider"
7042:"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3"
6942:
6652:
6314:
6256:
6026:"PerfectOffice 3.0 enters suites race"
5999:
5925:
5903:
5720:
5492:
5390:
5083:
5024:
4996:
4801:
4659:
4633:
4614:"Novell Readies a Response to Windows"
4611:
4581:
4513:
4492:
4262:
4231:
3874:
3641:
3511:"Novell Data Management Change Listed"
3340:
3239:
1240:on top of a multitasking DR DOS.
1117:
8736:
8402:
8168:
8086:
8033:"Digital Research - The Untold Story"
7719:
6476:
6295:
6182:
5963:
5863:
5671:
5578:
5511:
5138:
5102:
4871:
4834:"Novell, WordPerfect finalize merger"
4775:
4662:"Succession Picture Clears at Novell"
4299:
4156:
4137:
4073:
3994:"Novell Faces the Battle of Its Life"
3881:High-Performance Networking Unleashed
3758:
3480:White, Bradford Morgan (2018-01-26).
3479:
3138:
3051:protects data on laptops and desktops
3039:ZENworks Endpoint Security Management
2587:
1951:From 1998 to 2001, Novell owned this
791:. File and print services ran on the
7926:
7891:"Utah, America's Next Tech Hot Spot"
7888:
7767:
7492:
6380:. Novell. 1995-08-22. Archived from
6047:
5844:
4380:"Novell breaks ground for expansion"
3688:"Novell Departures Were No Surprise"
2799:Certified Linux Engineer 10 (CLE 10)
1308:Novell's Embedded Systems Technology
394:, and became instrumental in making
9783:Defunct computer hardware companies
7730:. News. Vol. 13, no. 29.
7614:"EQT completes aquisition [
7576:
6989:
6728:
5782:
5287:(Press release). Provo, Utah, USA.
5143:. Incisive Business Media Limited.
4514:Brooks, Nancy Rivera (1990-05-12).
4451:
3782:
3676:Range includes advertisement pages.
3364:Winters, Charlene R. (1985-03-10).
3020:ZENworks Application Virtualization
2904:Endpoint Lifecycle Management Suite
2483:, a consortium of companies led by
2436:Acquisition by The Attachmate Group
2152:In August 2005, Novell created the
1194:In April 1994, former HP executive
292:$ 2.0 billion (peak, 1994 and 1995)
24:
8024:
7259:"Elliott Offers to Acquire Novell"
7132:
6115:Corcoran, Elizabeth (1996-02-01).
5926:Fisher, Lawrence M. (1994-03-24).
5904:Fisher, Lawrence M. (1994-03-22).
5787:. Microbrew Lives!. Archived from
5165:Woollacott, Matthew (1997-02-03).
4802:Fisher, Lawrence M. (1994-04-06).
4660:Fisher, Lawrence M. (1993-11-13).
4612:Fisher, Lawrence M. (1995-09-18).
4582:Fisher, Lawrence M. (1996-08-30).
4476:"Former Novell Execs Marry, Merge"
4360:Atchison, Sandra D. (1991-09-02).
4181:"Novell Starts Ethernet Price War"
3642:Fisher, Lawrence M. (1992-03-29).
3319:. Provo, Utah, USA. pp. 1, 3.
3141:"A Link for All Operating Systems"
3012:, a software suite supporting the
2787:Certified Directory Engineer (CDE)
2145:The successor product to NetWare,
1848:These moves were accelerated when
512:A funding proposal was brought to
25:
9834:
8762:
8318:NetWare Lite and Personal NetWare
8109:
8067:Bourke White, Jr., Roger (2010).
8059:and develop something he called "
6998:. California, USA. Archived from
6902:"Groklaw — Novell Sells Out"
6785:. Linux-watch.com. Archived from
4330:"Can Novell Make the Connections"
3033:ZENworks Configuration Management
2790:Certified Novell Instructor (CNI)
1985:University of Southern California
1591:
1566:Distributed Computing Environment
1291:compatibility layer for Windows.
1247:in 1992. The three former Master
1100:Master Certified NetWare Engineer
952:Corporate ethos and "coopetition"
9813:Software companies based in Utah
8385:
8384:
7520:"Is Mono dead? Is Novell dying?"
7065:. News.samba.org. Archived from
6832:from the original on 2014-11-19.
6451:
5743:Politis, David L. (2004-03-29).
5723:"Novell is back and stalking NT"
5361:"Novell Continues Restructuring"
3952:Philipson, Graeme (2000-08-29).
3887:from the original on 2018-09-02.
3686:Politis, David L. (1996-07-28).
2759:
2357:, who confirmed in a comment on
2089:In August 2003, Novell acquired
1651:, whose primary product was the
1391:Server OS: UnixWare and SuperNOS
762:general-purpose operating system
627:
329:
45:
9773:Defunct companies based in Utah
8097:from the original on 2023-09-15
8075:from the original on 2023-09-15
8039:from the original on 2019-04-19
7848:from the original on 2018-09-14
7817:from the original on 2018-09-14
7792:from the original on 2018-09-09
7750:from the original on 2020-02-17
7618:] of SUSE from Micro Focus"
7474:Pugmire, Genelle (2011-05-03).
6672:Rosenblatt, Joel (2012-07-16).
6477:Olsen, Stephanie (2001-03-26).
6167:. Associated Press. 1995-12-15.
6141:Einstein, David (2012-02-02) .
5906:"Novell to Acquire Wordperfect"
5451:Cummings, Joanne (1995-07-10).
5327:from the original on 2020-02-16
5295:from the original on 2020-02-16
5262:Babcock, Charles (1993-01-11).
5220:from the original on 2020-02-16
5191:from the original on 2020-02-09
5147:from the original on 2018-08-19
5121:from the original on 2018-08-19
5115:Deseret News Publishing Company
5086:"Novell Courts Online Tourists"
4930:from the original on 2018-08-18
4898:from the original on 2020-02-09
4731:from the original on 2016-11-19
4277:from the original on 2020-02-16
3644:"Preaching Love Thy Competitor"
3551:"Orem's Novell Sets Sales Mark"
3272:from the original on 2020-02-16
2996:Total Endpoint Management Suite
2375:intelligent workload management
2369:Intelligent workload management
2227:SCO Group, Inc. v. Novell, Inc.
2210:Concurrent Computer Corporation
2077:SuSE and Open Enterprise Server
1860:One result of these shifts was
1337:, a startup funded by Noorda's
1156:, to compete with Microsoft's
822:, and then in 1988, the 16-bit
386:, which displaced the dominant
9753:Companies based in Provo, Utah
9733:2014 disestablishments in Utah
9723:1980s initial public offerings
8833:Museum of Peoples and Cultures
7972:"Endpoint Security Management"
7771:Local Area Networks Newsletter
7215:Endersby, Linda (2010-03-25).
6631:Proffitt, Brian (2010-03-20).
6539:Gasperson, Tina (2005-08-03).
6315:Prince, Marcelo (1999-11-26).
6227:Reinhardt, Andy (1997-09-01).
6143:"Novell's Chairman, CEO Quits"
6024:Greenberg, Ilan (1994-12-19).
5847:"AppWare strategy in disarray"
5826:Gillooly, Caryn (1993-12-07).
5802:Gillooly, Caryn (1993-10-18).
5785:"A Brief History of Microbrew"
5745:"Novell regaining prior glory"
5553:Peabody, George (1995-10-22).
5084:Wright, Charles (1994-09-20).
4328:Schofield, Jack (1994-09-22).
4300:Reiss, Spencer (August 1997).
4234:"Oral History of Kanwal Rekhi"
3992:O'Reilly, Brian (1993-08-09).
3139:Lewis, Peter H. (1989-05-14).
3014:management of computer systems
2871:Business Continuity Clustering
2770:Certified Novell Administrator
1598:graphical programming language
1560:to their own version of Unix,
1122:
860:
451:which was acquired in turn by
13:
1:
9808:Networking hardware companies
9748:Companies based in Orem, Utah
9728:2011 mergers and acquisitions
9311:Wasatch–Cache National Forest
8930:Utah Valley Convention Center
8104:– via encyclopedia.com.
7908:Romboy, Dennis (1998-06-25).
7786:"Novell Acquires PGSoft, Inc"
7239:Kusnetzky, Dan (2009-12-08).
6277:Allison, Darin (2000-01-31).
6091:"Novell maps out object plan"
5866:"Will AppWare be next to go?"
5393:"Unix for the NetWare Masses"
4832:Christian, Pat (1994-06-27).
4634:Romboy, Dennis (1998-06-02).
4474:Stephens, Mark (1989-09-18).
4204:"Novell and Excelan to Merge"
4179:Stephens, Mark (1989-08-28).
3531:Lawless, James (1982-04-28).
3435:Lawless, James (1982-04-11).
3343:"Oral History of Pete Musser"
3311:Jackson, J. J. (1985-11-05).
3120:
3049:ZENworks Full Disk Encryption
2689:Cambridge Technology Partners
2533:open source license, and the
2479:owned by Novell were sold to
2239:free and open-source software
2159:
2147:Novell Open Enterprise Server
2023:Cambridge Technology Partners
2009:Cambridge Technology Partners
1796:for networking applications.
1035:Lotus Development Corporation
464:Origins as a hardware company
270:Novell Open Enterprise Server
9788:Defunct networking companies
9462:BYU Television International
8428:
8031:Perkel, Marc (1996-10-18) .
7949:. 2010-10-12. Archived from
7910:"Corel closing Orem offices"
7675:Haranas, Mark (2023-01-31).
7550:Clarke, Gavin (2011-05-03).
7403:. 2011-01-18. Archived from
7370:"SCHEDULE 14-A — Novell Inc"
7315:in cash (the "Patent Sale").
7186:. 2009-12-08. Archived from
7159:. 2012-05-29. Archived from
6850:. 2009-12-18. Archived from
6604:. 2005-10-31. Archived from
6512:Sweeney, Phil (2002-04-29).
6411:. 1998-08-27. Archived from
5964:Adams, Brooke (1996-02-04).
5175:. Vol. 19, no. 5.
5103:Adams, Brooke (1997-01-22).
5025:Pontin, Jason (1995-11-27).
4540:. Alameda, California, USA:
4302:"The Network Is the Network"
4138:Flynn, Laurie (1987-02-23).
4074:Udell, Jon (February 1995).
3759:Shapp, Cheryl (1990-08-13).
3166:"Business summary: Regional"
3055:ZENworks Handheld Management
2700:SilverStream Software (2002)
2294:runtime—a workalike for the
2133:SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
1800:Loss of networking dominance
1691:called InfoCentral, and the
1689:personal information manager
1578:SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
1520:for cooperative work on the
1508:-based Unix applications in
1329:Novell also abandoned their
1310:(NEST), but was sold off to
801:Service Advertising Protocol
797:Routing Information Protocol
781:Internetwork Packet Exchange
696:Floppy disks for NetWare 2.2
623:Rise to networking dominance
7:
9718:1980 establishments in Utah
9160:Provo Canyon Guard Quarters
7889:Pugh, Jeremy (2019-06-14).
7788:. Novell, Inc. 2000-02-22.
7720:Scott, Karyl (1991-07-22).
6970:Software Freedom Law Center
6598:"Cold Realities For Novell"
6257:Connor, Deni (2000-07-31).
6000:Hicken, Robb (1994-08-25).
5721:Wilson, Eric (1998-09-01).
5672:DiDio, Laura (1995-10-02).
5512:Strom, David (2003-11-05).
5493:Cookes, Thom (1994-12-06).
5391:Garris, John (1995-05-30).
5363:. Telecompaper. 1993-09-10.
4997:Barney, Doug (1994-07-25).
4872:Scott, Karyl (1991-07-29).
4758:. CNET News. Archived from
4754:Firmage, Joe (2003-10-01).
4263:Proven, Liam (2013-07-16).
4232:Musser, Pete (2017-12-20).
4157:DiDio, Laura (1988-05-16).
4034:Cortese, Amy (1996-03-25).
3394:Boulton, Guy (1986-04-06).
3341:Musser, Pete (2019-09-18).
3240:Connor, Deni (2007-04-05).
3101:
2956:NFS Gateway for NetWare 6.5
2853:
2475:. As part of the deal, 882
2327:Software Freedom Law Center
2216:Legal actions and reactions
1495:object-oriented programming
1287:networking for NetWare and
1053:Sales and channel practices
818:. These included the 8-bit
518:Safeguard Scientifics, Inc.
516:, chairman of the board of
106:; 44 years ago
10:
9839:
9667:Missionary Training Center
9188:Superintendent's Residence
9155:Olmsted Station Powerhouse
8194:
7836:"Novell acquires Novetrix"
7811:"Novell Acquires Novetrix"
7612:Murphy, Ian (2019-03-18).
7157:"News - Linux for Devices"
6653:Harvey, Tom (2010-03-10).
6335:"Novell warns on earnings"
6117:"Novell Sells WordPerfect"
6048:Ryan, Susan (1994-11-14).
5864:Krill, Paul (1995-11-06).
5845:Mace, Scott (1994-09-05).
5783:Cox, Edward (2000-05-29).
5614:. 1995-09-25. p. 134.
5579:Foley, John (2003-06-06).
5477:Computergram International
5433:Computergram International
5413:Computergram International
5377:Computergram International
5347:Computergram International
4776:Lewyn, Mark (1993-09-27).
4210:. 1989-03-24. p. D10.
4124:. 1992-06-12. p. 334.
3905:. April 1983. p. 379.
3466:. 1987-01-27. p. 180.
3087:ZENworks Virtual Appliance
3071:ZENworks Mobile Management
1805:NDS and other new products
1747:
1558:NetWare Directory Services
1261:Intelligent Micro Software
1096:Certified NetWare Engineer
1033:In April 1990, Novell and
890:computers as well as with
712:(NOS) on it, was known as
685:
681:
458:
29:
9798:Micro Focus International
9644:
9557:
9525:
9497:
9449:
9424:
9417:
9394:
9351:
9290:
9207:
9087:
8956:
8947:
8935:Velour Live Music Gallery
8890:Covey Center for the Arts
8882:
8846:
8778:
8771:
8673:HP IT Management Software
8589:
8514:OpenText Business Network
8471:
8460:
8436:
8382:
8332:
8295:
8259:
8252:
8241:
8202:
7622:www.enterprisetimes.co.uk
7493:Koep, Paul (2011-05-02).
6436:. Crn.com. Archived from
6183:Gomes, Leo (1996-08-30).
5514:"Novell Buys Unix, Again"
4858:. 1994-11-28. p. 32.
3924:. 1984-03-05. p. 65.
3843:"Over-the-Counter Stocks"
3828:The Philadelphia Inquirer
3810:The Philadelphia Inquirer
3592:The Philadelphia Inquirer
3170:The Philadelphia Inquirer
3147:. p. 12 (Section 3).
3081:ZENworks Patch Management
3065:ZENworks Linux Management
3027:ZENworks Asset Management
2912:Endpoint Protection Suite
2910:Endpoint Protection Suite
2804:
2776:Certified Novell Engineer
2608:Cache Data Product (1986)
2603:Santa Clara Systems, Inc.
2349:On 12 November 2006, the
2056:, the platform comprised
1843:Java programming language
785:Sequenced Packet Exchange
449:Micro Focus International
430:Novell Directory Services
306:
296:
288:
252:
200:
177:
168:Micro Focus International
158:
143:
126:
100:
90:
75:
65:
53:
44:
9359:Brigham Young University
8854:Festival Latinoamericano
8693:Unix System Laboratories
8374:Unix System Laboratories
7736:IDG Communications, Inc.
6323:– via www.wsj.com.
5631:"Unix Unity Foundering?"
5459:. pp. L1, L13, L14.
5321:Computer Business Review
5214:Computer Business Review
5177:InfoWorld Publishing Co.
4884:InfoWorld Publishing Co.
4418:Wurster, Simone (2011).
3783:Foy, Paul (2006-10-10).
3650:. p. 1 (Section 3).
3089:provides self-contained
2649:Unix System Laboratories
2450:Elliott Associates, L.P.
2379:cloud computing security
2339:Free Software Foundation
2071:
2027:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1483:NetWare Loadable Modules
1445:Florham Park, New Jersey
1409:Unix System Laboratories
1312:Integrated Systems, Inc.
1162:Unix System Laboratories
880:NetWare Loadable Modules
710:network operating system
659:network operating system
503:Brigham Young University
478:Novell Data Systems Inc.
407:Unix System Laboratories
369:network operating system
30:Not to be confused with
9128:Lakeview Tithing Office
8803:Harris Fine Arts Center
8526:OpenText Quality Center
8521:OpenText Data Protector
7933:Silicon Slopes Magazine
7732:Popular Computing, Inc.
7295:"FORM 8-K — Novell Inc"
6519:Boston Business Journal
6189:The Wall Street Journal
6147:San Francisco Chronicle
5765:. Novell. December 1995
4852:"Briefs: End of an era"
4756:"An open-source letter"
4452:Fay, Joe (2013-07-25).
3537:The Des Moines Register
3482:"The History of Novell"
3441:The Des Moines Register
3057:allows securing stolen
2848:Silicon Slopes Magazine
2695:Callisto Software, Inc.
2655:WordPerfect Corporation
2302:free software license.
1990:Novell Identity Manager
1765:San Francisco Chronicle
1716:IBM System Object Model
1649:WordPerfect Corporation
1580:rather than UnixWare.)
1174:WordPerfect Corporation
1088:Electronic Data Systems
795:(NCP) over IPX, as did
542:microprocessor and the
9622:Utah Transit Authority
8828:Museum of Paleontology
8808:LaVell Edwards Stadium
8541:Open Enterprise Server
8517:OpenText Content Suite
8303:Open Enterprise Server
8118:
7813:. Novell. 2000-03-14.
7768:Polishuk, Paul (ed.).
7691:Open Enterprise Server
7642:Open Enterprise Server
7430:Attachmate Corporation
5810:. pp. 21, 25, 26.
5399:. pp. NE15, NE16.
4118:"NetWare Architecture"
3875:Causey, James (1997).
3668:"Novell's NetWare 386"
3569:"Novell Force Reduced"
3110:
2963:Open Enterprise Server
2814:
2724:e-Security, Inc (2006)
2597:
2535:Open Invention Network
2456:per share in cash, or
2445:
2310:
2193:
2169:
2086:
2018:
1996:there were reports of
1956:
1901:and its predecessors,
1890:
1881:Decline of marketshare
1814:. It was based on the
1727:children was dropped.
1724:object request brokers
1644:
1636:
1574:Open Enterprise Server
1569:remained with Novell.
1564:, in combination with
1537:
1400:
1066:
994:Ray Noorda, 1985,
991:
973:Evans & Sutherland
961:
933:product and then with
884:C programming language
704:processor and using a
697:
676:over-the-counter stock
580:multiplayer video game
563:
473:
191:Waltham, Massachusetts
9364:Provo School District
9306:Uinta National Forest
9175:Startup Candy Factory
8818:Larry H. Miller Field
8634:Harbinger Corporation
8117:
6943:corbet (2006-11-03).
6659:The Salt Lake Tribune
4542:John Wiley & Sons
4405:The Salt Lake Tribune
3877:"Chapter 22: NetWare"
3419:The Salt Lake Tribune
3400:The Salt Lake Tribune
3109:
2917:File Management Suite
2833:Utah State University
2812:
2752:Managed Objects, Inc.
2673:Ukiah Software (1999)
2595:
2443:
2308:
2296:Microsoft Silverlight
2191:
2184:"Your Linux is Ready"
2167:
2084:
2016:
1981:United Parcel Service
1953:Fokker F28 Fellowship
1950:
1888:
1642:
1634:
1535:
1419:in conjunction with
1398:
1298:had been licensed to
1276:Internet connectivity
1249:Value Added Resellers
1150:Digital Research Inc.
1072:value-added resellers
1060:
987:
968:The Salt Lake Tribune
959:
816:network adapter cards
793:NetWare Core Protocol
777:Xerox Network Systems
744:local area networking
695:
602:local area networking
561:
476:The company began as
471:
392:Microsoft Corporation
18:SilverStream Software
9404:Utah Valley Hospital
9237:Combustion Resources
9179:Utah State Hospital
8920:Utah Lake State Park
8874:Utah Valley Marathon
8722:Vignette Corporation
8651:The Attachmate Group
8597:Autonomy Corporation
7330:. Novell. 2010-11-22
7313:US$ 450 million
6296:Shankland, Stephen.
5264:"Novell's long shot"
5139:Magee, Mike (1997).
4922:. Provo, Utah, USA.
4498:"Remembering Judith"
2970:Open Workgroup Suite
2567:US$ 1.2 billion
2523:US$ 450 million
2469:US$ 2.2 billion
2465:The Attachmate Group
2270:US$ 348 million
2140:Novell Linux Desktop
2097:Linux applications (
1977:Chase Manhattan Bank
1550:Santa Cruz Operation
1449:Bracknell, Berkshire
1431:source base and the
1413:AT&T Corporation
851:San Jose, California
738:spreadsheet for the
445:The Attachmate Group
164:The Attachmate Group
9657:Flag of Provo, Utah
9634:Utah Valley Express
9409:Utah State Hospital
9257:North American Arms
9242:Empower Playgrounds
9094:Historic districts
8915:Shops at Riverwoods
8678:Mercury Interactive
7482:. Provo, Utah, USA.
6502:from the same news.
6321:Wall Street Journal
6121:The Washington Post
6050:"A suite contender"
4100:"NetWare Protocols"
4076:"Novell's Campaign"
3674:. pp. 205–221.
2718:Tally System (2005)
2634:US$ 80 million
2282:US$ 40 million
2278:US$ 46 million
2126:US$ 50 million
1514:single system image
1351:versions including
1294:Digital Research's
1257:Concurrent Controls
1253:DataPac Australasia
1221:US$ 80 million
1201:Computer Associates
1118:Taking on Microsoft
1084:Andersen Consulting
789:client–server model
488:company located in
388:mainframe computing
384:local area networks
302:10,150 (peak, 1994)
298:Number of employees
41:
9227:Alpine Air Express
9165:Provo City Library
8531:OpenText SiteScope
8260:Systems management
8225:Robert Frankenberg
8148:2015-05-08 at the
8119:
7927:Hale, Val (2020).
7895:Salt Lake Magazine
7245:Virtually Speaking
6826:"Novell Downloads"
6283:The Daily Universe
6056:. pp. 1, 192.
5987:1996 Annual Report
5932:The New York Times
5910:The New York Times
5559:Rapid City Journal
5537:1995 Annual Report
4951:Schulman, Andrew;
4722:Comes v. Microsoft
4666:The New York Times
4618:The New York Times
4588:The New York Times
4208:The New York Times
3806:"Business Summary"
3648:The New York Times
3145:The New York Times
3111:
2883:Client for Windows
2815:
2598:
2588:Companies acquired
2458:US$ 1 billion
2446:
2395:software appliance
2391:Linux distribution
2311:
2222:SCO–Linux disputes
2194:
2170:
2087:
2025:(CTP), founded in
2019:
1957:
1919:Forrester Research
1891:
1759:The New York Times
1720:distributed object
1685:slides preparation
1645:
1637:
1586:SCO-Linux disputes
1538:
1518:Chorus Systèmes SA
1441:Summit, New Jersey
1401:
1316:US$ 3 million
1196:Robert Frankenberg
1067:
962:
946:wide area networks
896:Oracle Corporation
698:
564:
546:operating system.
536:dot matrix printer
534:and the Image 800
474:
231:Robert Frankenberg
147:November 2014
39:
9695:
9694:
9566:California Zephyr
9553:
9552:
9298:Bridal Veil Falls
9203:
9202:
9138:Third Ward Chapel
8943:
8942:
8730:
8729:
8700:Peregrine Systems
8624:Guidance Software
8536:OpenText Together
8396:
8395:
8359:Star Trek project
8328:
8327:
8215:Dennis Fairclough
6679:The Seattle Times
6265:. pp. 48–52.
6097:. pp. 1, 79.
5637:. December 1995.
5246:Los Angeles Times
4555:978-0-7821-4207-5
4520:Los Angeles Times
4431:978-3-8349-6795-4
4165:. pp. 4, 71.
3789:The Seattle Times
3767:. pp. 54–55.
3115:Novell BrainShare
2895:Data Synchronizer
2481:CPTN Holdings LLC
2399:virtual appliance
2337:, founder of the
2093:, a developer of
1893:The inclusion of
1830:was not yet out.
1659:spreadsheet from
1379:on 23 July 1996.
1063:Novell BrainShare
771:Novell based its
766:computer security
708:. This, with the
576:SuperSet Software
507:Dennis Fairclough
322:
321:
95:Computer software
16:(Redirected from
9830:
9422:
9421:
9302:National Forest
9252:New Play Project
9222:Agel Enterprises
8954:
8953:
8869:Sunfall Festival
8859:Freedom Festival
8838:Smith Fieldhouse
8776:
8775:
8757:
8750:
8743:
8734:
8733:
8668:Fortify Software
8641:Hummingbird Ltd.
8502:NetIQ eDirectory
8466:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8400:
8399:
8388:
8387:
8277:Identity Manager
8257:
8256:
8247:
8230:Ronald Hovsepian
8189:
8182:
8175:
8166:
8165:
8105:
8103:
8102:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8057:Digital Research
8047:
8045:
8044:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8011:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7984:
7983:
7968:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7958:
7943:
7937:
7936:
7924:
7918:
7917:
7905:
7899:
7898:
7886:
7875:
7874:
7869:. Archived from
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7832:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7822:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7782:
7776:
7775:
7765:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7738:pp. 1, 91.
7717:
7702:
7687:
7681:
7680:
7672:
7666:
7659:
7653:
7638:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7609:
7603:
7602:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7528:. Archived from
7515:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7471:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7391:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7307:
7306:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7255:
7249:
7248:
7236:
7225:
7224:
7212:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7176:
7165:
7164:
7153:
7147:
7146:
7137:. Archived from
7130:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7120:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7017:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7007:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6940:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6919:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6879:. Archived from
6869:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6840:
6834:
6833:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6726:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6650:
6641:
6640:
6628:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6613:
6594:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6547:. Archived from
6536:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6509:
6503:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6474:
6463:
6462:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6254:
6237:
6236:
6224:
6193:
6192:
6180:
6169:
6168:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6138:
6125:
6124:
6112:
6099:
6098:
6086:
6077:
6076:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6045:
6034:
6033:
6021:
6010:
6009:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5983:
5974:
5973:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5923:
5914:
5913:
5901:
5888:
5887:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5823:
5812:
5811:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5740:
5731:
5730:
5718:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5689:
5683:
5681:
5669:
5660:
5659:
5658:. November 1995.
5656:Information Week
5648:
5639:
5638:
5627:
5616:
5615:
5604:
5589:
5588:
5585:Information Week
5576:
5563:
5562:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5533:
5522:
5521:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5490:
5481:
5480:
5472:
5461:
5460:
5448:
5437:
5436:
5428:
5417:
5416:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5313:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5281:
5272:
5271:
5259:
5250:
5249:
5238:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5081:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4962:
4948:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4869:
4860:
4859:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4838:The Daily Herald
4829:
4814:
4813:
4799:
4786:
4785:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4751:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4730:
4719:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4609:
4592:
4591:
4579:
4560:
4559:
4544:. 2003. p.
4539:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4511:
4502:
4501:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4449:
4436:
4435:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4357:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4310:
4309:
4297:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4260:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4229:
4212:
4211:
4200:
4189:
4188:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4146:. pp. 1, 8.
4135:
4126:
4125:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4096:
4085:
4083:
4071:
4044:
4043:
4031:
4002:
4001:
3989:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3926:
3925:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3872:
3851:
3850:
3847:The Boston Globe
3838:
3832:
3831:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3780:
3769:
3768:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3735:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3709:
3700:
3699:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3663:
3652:
3651:
3639:
3596:
3595:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3507:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3486:Abort Retry Fail
3477:
3468:
3467:
3456:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3374:
3373:
3361:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3338:
3321:
3320:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3237:
3226:
3225:
3214:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3174:
3173:
3162:
3149:
3148:
3136:
2877:Client for Linux
2635:
2630:Digital Research
2568:
2524:
2502:
2470:
2459:
2455:
2335:Richard Stallman
2283:
2279:
2271:
2251:Microsoft Office
2178:Ronald Hovsepian
2127:
1998:channel stuffing
1939:
1935:
1855:Sun Microsystems
1828:Active Directory
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1701:Lotus SmartSuite
1676:Microsoft Office
1487:Unix executables
1381:Personal NetWare
1347:(and all former
1317:
1272:desktop metaphor
1222:
1217:Digital Research
1215:Novell acquired
1112:General Electric
1080:Egghead Software
995:
869:, also known as
837:Novell acquired
773:network protocol
647:General Electric
637:
501:). While future
497:or the feminine
486:computer systems
403:Digital Research
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
318:
315:
313:
265:Novell GroupWise
244:Ronald Hovsepian
154:
152:
114:
112:
107:
104:August 1980
58:
49:
42:
38:
21:
9838:
9837:
9833:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9828:
9827:
9698:
9697:
9696:
9691:
9677:Sundance Resort
9640:
9549:
9521:
9493:
9445:
9413:
9396:
9390:
9369:Independence HS
9347:
9286:
9209:
9199:
9083:
8949:
8939:
8910:Peaks Ice Arena
8878:
8864:Stadium of Fire
8842:
8813:Marriott Center
8767:
8761:
8731:
8726:
8715:Serena Software
8602:Carbonite, Inc.
8585:
8467:
8458:
8432:
8427:
8397:
8392:
8378:
8324:
8291:
8248:
8239:
8198:
8193:
8150:Wayback Machine
8112:
8100:
8098:
8078:
8076:
8042:
8040:
8027:
8025:Further reading
8022:
8021:
8009:
8007:
7998:
7997:
7993:
7981:
7979:
7970:
7969:
7965:
7956:
7954:
7945:
7944:
7940:
7925:
7921:
7906:
7902:
7887:
7878:
7865:
7864:
7860:
7851:
7849:
7834:
7833:
7829:
7820:
7818:
7809:
7808:
7804:
7795:
7793:
7784:
7783:
7779:
7766:
7762:
7753:
7751:
7718:
7705:
7688:
7684:
7673:
7669:
7660:
7656:
7639:
7635:
7626:
7624:
7610:
7606:
7597:
7596:
7592:
7583:
7581:
7577:Jackson, Joab.
7575:
7571:
7562:
7560:
7548:
7544:
7535:
7533:
7516:
7512:
7503:
7501:
7491:
7487:
7472:
7465:
7456:
7454:
7449:
7448:
7444:
7435:
7433:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7410:
7408:
7393:
7392:
7388:
7379:
7377:
7368:
7367:
7363:
7354:
7352:
7347:
7346:
7342:
7333:
7331:
7326:
7325:
7321:
7312:
7304:
7302:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7237:
7228:
7221:Computer Weekly
7213:
7202:
7193:
7191:
7178:
7177:
7168:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7141:on 2007-02-13.
7131:
7127:
7118:
7116:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7093:
7091:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7072:
7070:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7047:
7045:
7040:
7039:
7035:
7026:
7024:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7005:
7003:
6988:
6984:
6975:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6959:
6950:
6948:
6941:
6937:
6928:
6926:
6921:
6920:
6916:
6907:
6905:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6886:
6884:
6871:
6870:
6866:
6857:
6855:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6824:
6823:
6819:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6792:
6790:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6767:
6765:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6742:
6740:
6727:
6723:
6714:
6712:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6689:
6687:
6670:
6666:
6651:
6644:
6629:
6620:
6611:
6609:
6596:
6595:
6588:
6579:
6577:
6568:
6567:
6563:
6554:
6552:
6537:
6533:
6524:
6522:
6510:
6506:
6488:
6486:
6475:
6466:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6443:
6441:
6432:
6431:
6427:
6418:
6416:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6387:
6385:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6362:
6360:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6313:
6309:
6294:
6290:
6275:
6271:
6255:
6240:
6225:
6196:
6181:
6172:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6139:
6128:
6113:
6102:
6087:
6080:
6065:
6061:
6046:
6037:
6022:
6013:
5998:
5994:
5985:
5984:
5977:
5962:
5958:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5924:
5917:
5902:
5891:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5862:
5858:
5843:
5839:
5824:
5815:
5800:
5796:
5781:
5777:
5768:
5766:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5741:
5734:
5719:
5710:
5701:
5699:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5670:
5663:
5650:
5649:
5642:
5635:InformationWeek
5629:
5628:
5619:
5606:
5605:
5592:
5577:
5566:
5551:
5544:
5535:
5534:
5525:
5510:
5506:
5491:
5484:
5474:
5473:
5464:
5449:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5420:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5389:
5385:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5330:
5328:
5315:
5314:
5307:
5298:
5296:
5283:
5282:
5275:
5260:
5253:
5240:
5239:
5232:
5223:
5221:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5194:
5192:
5163:
5159:
5150:
5148:
5137:
5133:
5124:
5122:
5101:
5097:
5082:
5071:
5062:
5060:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5037:
5035:
5023:
5019:
5010:
5008:
4995:
4991:
4979:
4949:
4942:
4933:
4931:
4918:
4917:
4910:
4901:
4899:
4870:
4863:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4830:
4817:
4800:
4789:
4774:
4767:
4752:
4743:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4717:
4713:(1992-05-27) .
4708:
4701:
4692:
4690:
4677:
4673:
4658:
4647:
4632:
4625:
4610:
4595:
4580:
4563:
4556:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4512:
4505:
4491:
4487:
4472:
4465:
4450:
4439:
4432:
4416:
4412:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4358:
4341:
4326:
4313:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4278:
4261:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4215:
4202:
4201:
4192:
4177:
4170:
4155:
4151:
4136:
4129:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4098:
4097:
4088:
4072:
4047:
4032:
4005:
3990:
3965:
3950:
3929:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3873:
3854:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3781:
3772:
3757:
3750:
3737:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3684:
3680:
3664:
3655:
3640:
3599:
3584:
3580:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3529:
3522:
3509:
3508:
3499:
3490:
3488:
3478:
3471:
3458:
3457:
3448:
3433:
3426:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3392:
3377:
3362:
3353:
3345:
3339:
3324:
3309:
3305:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3238:
3229:
3216:
3215:
3206:
3193:
3192:
3177:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3137:
3128:
3123:
3104:
2989:Storage Manager
2856:
2807:
2802:
2762:
2757:
2730:Senforce (2007)
2685:Novetrix (2001)
2633:
2590:
2566:
2559:
2522:
2500:
2468:
2457:
2453:
2438:
2371:
2323:Bradley M. Kuhn
2281:
2277:
2269:
2218:
2186:
2162:
2125:
2079:
2074:
2064:tools based on
2031:John J. Donovan
2011:
1937:
1930:
1883:
1807:
1802:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1750:
1629:
1594:
1554:Hewlett-Packard
1393:
1315:
1220:
1213:
1125:
1120:
1055:
1024:Mormon religion
997:
993:
954:
905:An analyst for
863:
857:going forward.
690:
684:
671:rights offering
642:
641:
640:
630:
625:
466:
461:
332:
328:
310:
299:
284:
280:Novell ZENworks
248:
203:
196:
195:
150:
148:
139:
115:
110:
108:
105:
80:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9836:
9826:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9672:Notable people
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9648:
9646:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9638:
9637:
9636:
9631:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9593:
9592:
9587:
9581:Provo station
9579:
9574:
9569:
9561:
9559:
9558:Transportation
9555:
9554:
9551:
9550:
9548:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9531:
9529:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9503:
9501:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9491:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9465:
9464:
9453:
9451:
9447:
9446:
9444:
9443:
9436:
9428:
9426:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9406:
9400:
9398:
9397:& research
9392:
9391:
9389:
9388:
9383:
9382:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9361:
9355:
9353:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9314:
9313:
9308:
9300:
9294:
9292:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9213:
9211:
9208:Industry &
9205:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9197:
9192:
9191:
9190:
9185:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9141:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9106:
9105:
9100:
9091:
9089:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9019:Johnson–Hansen
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8969:Allen/Carriage
8966:
8960:
8958:
8951:
8945:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8900:
8892:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8850:
8848:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8798:Carillon Tower
8795:
8790:
8784:
8782:
8773:
8769:
8768:
8760:
8759:
8752:
8745:
8737:
8728:
8727:
8725:
8724:
8719:
8718:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8696:
8695:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8659:
8658:
8643:
8638:
8637:
8636:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8599:
8593:
8591:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8551:Silk Performer
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8515:
8512:
8507:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8475:
8473:
8469:
8468:
8461:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8433:
8426:
8425:
8418:
8411:
8403:
8394:
8393:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8349:
8342:
8336:
8334:
8330:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8310:
8305:
8299:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8284:
8282:Access Manager
8279:
8274:
8269:
8263:
8261:
8254:
8250:
8249:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8220:Raymond Noorda
8217:
8212:
8206:
8204:
8200:
8199:
8192:
8191:
8184:
8177:
8169:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8111:
8110:External links
8108:
8107:
8106:
8084:
8064:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8006:. Novell. 2014
8004:www.novell.com
7991:
7963:
7938:
7919:
7900:
7876:
7873:on 2008-11-13.
7858:
7827:
7802:
7777:
7760:
7703:
7699:ZENworks Suite
7682:
7667:
7654:
7633:
7604:
7590:
7569:
7542:
7510:
7485:
7463:
7442:
7417:
7386:
7361:
7340:
7319:
7286:
7283:on 2010-03-24.
7268:
7250:
7226:
7200:
7166:
7163:on 2012-05-29.
7148:
7125:
7100:
7090:. Slashdot.org
7079:
7054:
7033:
7012:
6990:Sanders, Tom.
6982:
6957:
6935:
6914:
6893:
6864:
6835:
6817:
6799:
6774:
6764:. News.com.com
6749:
6730:Ballmer, Steve
6721:
6696:
6664:
6642:
6618:
6586:
6570:"Buy openSUSE"
6561:
6531:
6504:
6464:
6450:
6425:
6394:
6369:
6344:
6326:
6307:
6288:
6269:
6238:
6194:
6170:
6152:
6126:
6100:
6078:
6059:
6035:
6011:
5992:
5975:
5956:
5938:
5915:
5889:
5875:
5856:
5837:
5813:
5794:
5791:on 2011-07-14.
5775:
5754:
5732:
5708:
5684:
5661:
5640:
5617:
5590:
5564:
5542:
5523:
5504:
5482:
5462:
5438:
5418:
5403:
5383:
5366:
5352:
5337:
5323:. 1993-07-07.
5305:
5291:. 1993-06-14.
5273:
5251:
5230:
5216:. 1991-10-25.
5201:
5157:
5131:
5095:
5069:
5044:
5017:
4989:
4977:
4965:Addison Wesley
4963:(2 ed.).
4953:Brown, Ralf D.
4940:
4926:. 1991-07-17.
4908:
4861:
4843:
4815:
4809:New York Times
4787:
4765:
4762:on 2004-04-09.
4741:
4699:
4671:
4645:
4623:
4593:
4561:
4554:
4525:
4503:
4496:(2012-01-13).
4485:
4463:
4437:
4430:
4410:
4389:
4371:
4339:
4311:
4287:
4242:
4213:
4190:
4168:
4149:
4127:
4109:
4106:on 2001-02-10.
4086:
4045:
4003:
3963:
3927:
3909:
3907:Advertisement.
3890:
3852:
3840:For instance,
3833:
3815:
3794:
3770:
3748:
3725:
3701:
3698:on 2022-09-28.
3678:
3653:
3597:
3578:
3560:
3542:
3520:
3497:
3469:
3446:
3424:
3412:For instance,
3405:
3375:
3351:
3322:
3303:
3282:
3251:
3227:
3204:
3175:
3150:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3078:
3068:
3062:
3052:
3046:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3007:
2999:
2993:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2855:
2852:
2844:Silicon Slopes
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2727:RedMojo (2007)
2725:
2722:
2721:Immunix (2005)
2719:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:Netoria (1999)
2668:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2599:
2589:
2586:
2558:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2487:and including
2437:
2434:
2422:Citrix Systems
2370:
2367:
2355:Jeremy Allison
2264:Microsoft CEO
2259:virtualization
2255:OpenOffice.org
2217:
2214:
2185:
2182:
2161:
2158:
2124:also invested
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2010:
2007:
1882:
1879:
1836:IIS web server
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1749:
1746:
1628:
1625:
1593:
1592:Tools: AppWare
1590:
1588:of the 2000s.
1392:
1389:
1212:
1209:
1152:, producer of
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1054:
1051:
986:
953:
950:
923:Banyan Systems
919:Corvus Systems
882:(NLMs) in the
862:
859:
855:Silicon Valley
750:New York Times
702:Motorola 68000
686:Main article:
683:
680:
663:Novell NetWare
638:
632:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
465:
462:
460:
457:
373:Novell NetWare
366:multi-platform
320:
319:
308:
304:
303:
300:
297:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
260:Novell NetWare
256:
254:
250:
249:
247:
246:
241:
238:
233:
228:
223:
220:
217:
212:
206:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
188:
182:
181:
179:
175:
174:
160:
156:
155:
145:
141:
140:
138:
137:
134:
130:
128:
124:
123:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
81:
76:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9835:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9705:
9703:
9688:
9687:Wasatch Front
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9643:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9629:
9625:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9578:
9577:Provo Airport
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9556:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9528:
9524:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9504:
9502:
9500:
9496:
9489:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9463:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9455:
9454:
9452:
9448:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9423:
9420:
9416:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9401:
9399:
9393:
9387:
9384:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9366:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9356:
9354:
9350:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9289:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9277:Revere Health
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9217:Action Target
9215:
9214:
9212:
9206:
9196:
9193:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9150:Maeser School
9148:
9146:
9145:Lewis Terrace
9143:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9115:Hotel Roberts
9113:
9111:
9108:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9034:Knight–Mangum
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9014:Hines Mansion
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8955:
8952:
8946:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8881:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8845:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8823:Museum of Art
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8777:
8774:
8770:
8766:
8758:
8753:
8751:
8746:
8744:
8739:
8738:
8735:
8723:
8720:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8649:
8648:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8635:
8632:
8631:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8608:
8605:
8604:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8588:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8470:
8465:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8449:Gaston Gonnet
8447:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8424:
8419:
8417:
8412:
8410:
8405:
8404:
8401:
8391:
8381:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8353:SCO v. Novell
8350:
8348:
8347:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8296:Collaboration
8294:
8288:
8287:BorderManager
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8258:
8255:
8251:
8246:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8190:
8185:
8183:
8178:
8176:
8171:
8170:
8167:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8133:Novell Forums
8131:
8129:
8125:
8124:International
8121:
8120:
8116:
8096:
8092:
8091:
8085:
8074:
8070:
8065:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8052:
8050:
8038:
8034:
8029:
8028:
8016:
8005:
8001:
7995:
7988:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7953:on 2012-07-31
7952:
7948:
7942:
7934:
7930:
7923:
7915:
7911:
7904:
7896:
7892:
7885:
7883:
7881:
7872:
7868:
7862:
7847:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7831:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7791:
7787:
7781:
7773:
7772:
7764:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7723:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7686:
7678:
7671:
7664:
7658:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7637:
7623:
7619:
7617:
7608:
7600:
7594:
7580:
7573:
7559:
7558:
7553:
7546:
7532:on 2011-05-08
7531:
7527:
7526:
7521:
7514:
7500:
7496:
7489:
7481:
7477:
7470:
7468:
7452:
7446:
7431:
7427:
7421:
7407:on 2011-01-21
7406:
7402:
7401:
7396:
7390:
7375:
7371:
7365:
7350:
7344:
7329:
7323:
7316:
7300:
7296:
7290:
7282:
7278:
7272:
7265:. 2010-03-02.
7264:
7260:
7254:
7246:
7242:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7222:
7218:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7190:on 2011-09-27
7189:
7185:
7181:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7162:
7158:
7152:
7145:
7140:
7136:
7133:Finkle, Jim.
7129:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7089:
7083:
7069:on 2008-10-05
7068:
7064:
7058:
7043:
7037:
7022:
7016:
7002:on 2007-09-30
7001:
6997:
6993:
6986:
6971:
6967:
6961:
6946:
6939:
6925:. Groklaw.net
6924:
6918:
6904:. Groklaw.net
6903:
6897:
6883:on 2010-09-23
6882:
6878:
6874:
6868:
6854:on 2010-03-01
6853:
6849:
6845:
6839:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6814:. 2013-03-28.
6813:
6809:
6803:
6789:on 2006-11-20
6788:
6784:
6778:
6763:
6759:
6753:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6725:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6686:on 2013-06-30
6685:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6668:
6660:
6656:
6649:
6647:
6638:
6637:Computerworld
6634:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6608:on 2009-02-13
6607:
6603:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6551:on 2005-08-05
6550:
6546:
6542:
6535:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6499:
6498:Computerworld
6484:
6480:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6460:
6454:
6440:on 2016-01-04
6439:
6435:
6429:
6415:on 2016-03-03
6414:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6398:
6384:on 2016-05-03
6383:
6379:
6373:
6359:on 2016-03-03
6358:
6354:
6348:
6341:. 2000-05-02.
6340:
6339:money.cnn.com
6336:
6330:
6322:
6318:
6311:
6303:
6299:
6292:
6284:
6280:
6273:
6264:
6263:Network World
6260:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6234:
6230:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6190:
6186:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6166:
6162:
6156:
6148:
6144:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6122:
6118:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6096:
6095:Network World
6092:
6085:
6083:
6074:
6070:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6032:. p. 14.
6031:
6027:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6007:
6003:
5996:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5971:
5967:
5960:
5953:. 1994-06-23.
5952:
5948:
5942:
5934:. p. D1.
5933:
5929:
5922:
5920:
5912:. p. D1.
5911:
5907:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5885:
5879:
5871:
5867:
5860:
5852:
5848:
5841:
5834:. p. 23.
5833:
5832:Network World
5829:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5809:
5808:Network World
5805:
5798:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5764:
5758:
5750:
5746:
5739:
5737:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5679:
5678:Computerworld
5675:
5668:
5666:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5613:
5612:Network World
5609:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5586:
5582:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5560:
5556:
5549:
5547:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5500:
5496:
5489:
5487:
5478:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5458:
5457:Network World
5454:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5434:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5414:
5407:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5362:
5356:
5348:
5341:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5294:
5290:
5289:Business Wire
5286:
5280:
5278:
5270:. p. 34.
5269:
5268:Computerworld
5265:
5258:
5256:
5248:. 1992-12-22.
5247:
5243:
5237:
5235:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5161:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5087:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5058:
5057:Linux Journal
5054:
5048:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5021:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4980:
4978:0-201-63287-X
4974:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4954:
4947:
4945:
4929:
4925:
4924:Business Wire
4921:
4915:
4913:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4868:
4866:
4857:
4856:Computerworld
4853:
4847:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4770:
4761:
4757:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4727:
4723:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4675:
4668:. p. 39.
4667:
4663:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4628:
4620:. p. D1.
4619:
4615:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4590:. p. D1.
4589:
4585:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4521:
4517:
4510:
4508:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4482:. p. 52.
4481:
4477:
4470:
4468:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4407:. 2012-11-29.
4406:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4235:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4187:. p. 13.
4186:
4182:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4163:Network World
4160:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4132:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3923:
3922:Computerworld
3919:
3913:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3753:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3682:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3525:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3474:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3344:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3268:
3261:
3255:
3247:
3246:Network World
3243:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3094:
3093:
3092:plug-and-play
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:File Reporter
2922:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:BorderManager
2861:
2860:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2829:Wasatch Front
2825:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2760:Certification
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:Salmon (2004)
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:JustOn (1999)
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2542:
2539:
2537:(OIN) license
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2461:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2343:grandfathered
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:, CTO of the
2324:
2319:
2317:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2275:
2267:
2266:Steve Ballmer
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2232:The SCO Group
2229:
2228:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:Novell exteNd
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:Massachusetts
2040:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:BorderManager
1858:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1797:
1795:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:Presentations
1677:
1673:
1672:office suites
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1633:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:Multiuser DOS
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
990:
985:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:
958:
949:
947:
942:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
872:
868:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
751:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
706:star topology
703:
694:
689:
679:
677:
672:
666:
664:
660:
657:
651:
648:
636:
628:A new company
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
603:
598:
594:
589:
587:
586:
581:
577:
573:
569:
560:
556:
553:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:microcomputer
528:
526:
521:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
470:
456:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
367:
363:
359:
353:
326:
317:
309:
305:
301:
295:
291:
287:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
255:
251:
245:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:Judith Clarke
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
205:
199:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
146:
142:
135:
133:George Canova
132:
131:
129:
125:
122:
121:United States
118:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
74:
71:
68:
64:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
9662:Google Fiber
9626:
9564:
9440:The Universe
9438:
9433:Daily Herald
9431:
9318:Provo Canyon
9261:
9120:Knight Block
9103:East Central
9069:T. N. Taylor
9029:Knight–Allen
8989:Clark–Taylor
8894:LDS temples
8687:
8590:Acquisitions
8546:Silk Central
8510:OpenText ALM
8351:
8344:
8235:Eric Schmidt
8195:
8143:Novell Wikis
8138:Novell Blogs
8099:. Retrieved
8089:
8077:. Retrieved
8041:. Retrieved
8014:
8008:. Retrieved
8003:
7994:
7986:
7980:. Retrieved
7975:
7966:
7955:. Retrieved
7951:the original
7941:
7932:
7922:
7914:Deseret News
7913:
7903:
7894:
7871:the original
7861:
7850:. Retrieved
7839:
7830:
7819:. Retrieved
7805:
7794:. Retrieved
7780:
7770:
7763:
7752:. Retrieved
7725:
7685:
7670:
7657:
7636:
7625:. Retrieved
7621:
7615:
7607:
7593:
7582:. Retrieved
7572:
7561:. Retrieved
7557:The Register
7555:
7545:
7534:. Retrieved
7530:the original
7523:
7513:
7502:. Retrieved
7488:
7480:Daily Herald
7479:
7455:. Retrieved
7445:
7434:. Retrieved
7432:. 2010-11-22
7420:
7409:. Retrieved
7405:the original
7398:
7389:
7378:. Retrieved
7376:. 2011-01-14
7364:
7353:. Retrieved
7351:. 2010-12-16
7343:
7332:. Retrieved
7322:
7309:
7303:. Retrieved
7301:. 2010-11-21
7289:
7281:the original
7271:
7253:
7244:
7220:
7192:. Retrieved
7188:the original
7183:
7161:the original
7151:
7142:
7139:the original
7128:
7117:. Retrieved
7115:. 2007-06-29
7103:
7092:. Retrieved
7082:
7071:. Retrieved
7067:the original
7057:
7046:. Retrieved
7036:
7025:. Retrieved
7015:
7004:. Retrieved
7000:the original
6995:
6985:
6974:. Retrieved
6972:. 2006-11-09
6969:
6960:
6949:. Retrieved
6938:
6927:. Retrieved
6917:
6906:. Retrieved
6896:
6885:. Retrieved
6881:the original
6867:
6856:. Retrieved
6852:the original
6838:
6820:
6811:
6802:
6791:. Retrieved
6787:the original
6777:
6766:. Retrieved
6761:
6752:
6741:. Retrieved
6724:
6713:. Retrieved
6711:. 2006-11-02
6699:
6688:. Retrieved
6684:the original
6677:
6667:
6658:
6636:
6610:. Retrieved
6606:the original
6602:BusinessWeek
6601:
6578:. Retrieved
6576:. 2013-03-20
6564:
6553:. Retrieved
6549:the original
6534:
6523:. Retrieved
6517:
6507:
6497:
6487:. Retrieved
6482:
6453:
6442:. Retrieved
6438:the original
6428:
6417:. Retrieved
6413:the original
6408:Deseret News
6406:
6397:
6386:. Retrieved
6382:the original
6372:
6361:. Retrieved
6357:the original
6347:
6338:
6329:
6320:
6310:
6291:
6282:
6272:
6262:
6233:BusinessWeek
6232:
6188:
6165:Deseret News
6164:
6155:
6146:
6120:
6094:
6075:. p. 8.
6072:
6062:
6053:
6029:
6006:Daily Herald
6005:
5995:
5986:
5970:Deseret News
5969:
5959:
5951:Deseret News
5950:
5941:
5931:
5909:
5878:
5869:
5859:
5853:. p. 5.
5850:
5840:
5831:
5807:
5797:
5789:the original
5778:
5767:. Retrieved
5757:
5749:Deseret News
5748:
5726:
5700:. Retrieved
5696:
5687:
5680:. p. 4.
5677:
5655:
5634:
5611:
5584:
5558:
5536:
5517:
5507:
5498:
5476:
5456:
5432:
5412:
5406:
5396:
5386:
5375:
5369:
5355:
5346:
5340:
5329:. Retrieved
5320:
5297:. Retrieved
5267:
5245:
5242:"Technology"
5222:. Retrieved
5213:
5204:
5193:. Retrieved
5170:
5160:
5149:. Retrieved
5134:
5123:. Retrieved
5110:Deseret News
5108:
5098:
5089:
5061:. Retrieved
5056:
5047:
5036:. Retrieved
5030:
5020:
5009:. Retrieved
5007:. p. 20
5002:
4992:
4958:
4932:. Retrieved
4900:. Retrieved
4886:p. 33.
4877:
4855:
4846:
4837:
4807:
4782:BusinessWeek
4781:
4760:the original
4733:. Retrieved
4711:Allchin, Jim
4691:. Retrieved
4684:
4674:
4665:
4640:Deseret News
4639:
4617:
4587:
4535:
4528:
4519:
4488:
4479:
4458:The Register
4457:
4420:
4413:
4404:
4384:Daily Herald
4383:
4374:
4366:BusinessWeek
4365:
4334:The Guardian
4333:
4305:
4279:. Retrieved
4270:The Register
4268:
4207:
4184:
4162:
4152:
4143:
4121:
4112:
4104:the original
4079:
4040:BusinessWeek
4039:
3997:
3957:
3921:
3912:
3902:
3893:
3880:
3846:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3788:
3764:
3743:Daily Herald
3742:
3717:. Retrieved
3696:the original
3691:
3681:
3671:
3647:
3591:
3581:
3573:Daily Herald
3572:
3563:
3555:Daily Herald
3554:
3545:
3536:
3515:Daily Herald
3514:
3489:. Retrieved
3485:
3463:
3440:
3418:
3408:
3399:
3370:Daily Herald
3369:
3317:Daily Herald
3316:
3306:
3298:Daily Herald
3297:
3274:. Retrieved
3254:
3245:
3222:Daily Herald
3221:
3199:Daily Herald
3198:
3169:
3144:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3070:
3064:
3054:
3048:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3018:
3001:
2995:
2987:
2982:Service Desk
2981:
2975:
2969:
2961:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2838:Deseret News
2836:
2826:
2820:The Register
2818:
2816:
2763:
2579:
2575:
2560:
2547:
2520:
2505:
2462:
2447:
2415:
2372:
2363:
2348:
2320:
2312:
2289:
2286:
2263:
2261:techniques.
2247:
2243:
2236:
2225:
2224:. The case
2219:
2195:
2175:
2171:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2115:
2111:Linux kernel
2088:
2051:
2035:
2020:
1994:
1974:
1966:Windows 2000
1958:
1942:
1927:
1923:
1892:
1866:proxy server
1859:
1850:Eric Schmidt
1847:
1840:
1832:
1808:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1733:
1729:
1709:
1669:
1646:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1595:
1582:
1571:
1547:
1539:
1502:kernel space
1499:
1479:UnixWare 2.0
1468:
1464:UnixWare 2.0
1456:UnixWare 1.1
1453:
1426:
1402:
1386:
1343:
1339:Canopy Group
1328:
1320:
1293:
1265:
1242:
1214:
1205:
1193:
1187:BusinessWeek
1185:
1170:Serius Corp.
1164:, holder of
1147:
1135:
1126:
1104:
1068:
1047:
1032:
1028:
1021:
998:
992:
988:
966:
963:
943:
939:
916:
912:monopolistic
904:
864:
839:Kanwal Rekhi
836:
832:
809:
770:
755:
748:
733:
718:
714:Novell S-Net
699:
667:
652:
643:
610:
606:
596:
590:
583:
565:
548:
529:
525:Geneva Steel
522:
511:
498:
494:
481:
477:
475:
442:
423:
417:division of
400:
377:
325:Novell, Inc.
324:
323:
240:Jack Messman
236:Eric Schmidt
226:Kanwal Rekhi
219:Craig Burton
178:Headquarters
162:Acquired by
66:Company type
40:Novell, Inc.
36:
9682:Utah County
9628:FrontRunner
9379:Timpview HS
9338:Utah Valley
9328:Provo River
9183:Rec. Center
8925:Utah Starzz
8898:City Center
8793:Bean Museum
8772:Attractions
8646:Micro Focus
8506:opentext.ai
8454:Frank Tompa
7263:PR Newswire
6812:SourceForge
5397:PC Magazine
5179:p. 6.
5059:. June 1995
4689:. p. 6
4494:Searls, Doc
4122:PC Magazine
3903:PC Magazine
3692:Desert News
3672:PC Magazine
3464:PC Magazine
2899:CRM systems
2661:Quattro Pro
2563:Micro Focus
2387:SUSE Studio
2331:Eben Moglen
2257:and better
2095:open source
2062:web service
1899:Windows 3.1
1824:NetWare 3.x
1820:NetWare 4.0
1816:CCITT X.500
1705:Lotus Notes
1657:Quattro Pro
1653:WordPerfect
1485:(NLMs) and
1475:NetWare 4.1
1471:microkernel
1411:(USL) from
1349:DR DOS
1225:DR DOS
1178:Quattro Pro
1123:Motivations
1107:gray market
1092:franchising
1061:The annual
1001:coopetition
981:Provo, Utah
935:LAN Manager
871:NetWare 3.0
867:NetWare 386
861:NetWare 386
841:'s company
514:Pete Musser
415:Quattro Pro
411:WordPerfect
396:Utah Valley
275:Novell Vibe
186:Provo, Utah
86:: NOVL
9702:Categories
9450:Television
9425:Newspapers
9395:Healthcare
9343:Y Mountain
9323:Provo Peak
9195:West Co-op
9170:Silver Row
9133:Tabernacle
8656:Attachmate
8576:Visibroker
8497:LoadRunner
8484:Documentum
8364:SUSE Linux
8340:BrainShare
8267:eDirectory
8210:Drew Major
8101:2023-09-15
8079:2023-09-15
8043:2019-04-19
8010:2014-09-25
7982:2014-10-20
7976:Novell Doc
7957:2012-08-08
7867:"Senforce"
7852:2018-09-14
7821:2018-09-14
7796:2018-09-09
7754:2020-02-17
7627:2020-05-02
7584:2017-01-10
7563:2011-05-07
7536:2011-05-07
7504:2011-05-07
7457:2011-04-28
7436:2010-11-23
7411:2011-01-18
7380:2011-01-18
7355:2011-01-03
7334:2010-11-22
7305:2010-11-27
7194:2017-01-10
7184:Datamation
7144:Microsoft.
7119:2008-11-04
7094:2008-11-04
7073:2008-11-04
7048:2009-06-03
7027:2008-11-04
7006:2008-11-04
6996:Vnunet.com
6976:2008-11-04
6951:2008-11-04
6929:2008-11-04
6908:2008-11-04
6887:2012-02-23
6858:2012-02-23
6828:. Novell.
6793:2008-11-04
6768:2008-11-04
6743:2017-01-10
6715:2017-01-10
6690:2013-07-17
6612:2008-11-04
6580:2013-07-17
6555:2017-01-10
6525:2008-11-04
6489:2016-04-03
6444:2013-07-17
6419:2013-07-17
6388:2013-07-17
6363:2013-07-17
5769:2007-07-14
5702:2020-12-31
5697:PCMagazine
5693:"SuperNOS"
5331:2008-10-30
5299:2017-01-13
5224:2008-10-31
5195:2018-08-19
5151:2018-08-19
5125:2018-08-19
5063:2008-09-24
5038:2017-01-17
5011:2018-08-19
4967:. p.
4934:2017-01-24
4902:2017-01-21
4735:2017-01-21
4693:2017-01-10
4281:2020-02-16
3824:"Earnings"
3719:2021-02-07
3491:2024-04-19
3276:2017-01-11
3121:References
2516:Attachmate
2512:SUSE Linux
2510:, and the
2160:Stagnation
2103:Red Carpet
1983:, and the
1936:/share to
1907:Windows 95
1903:Windows NT
1895:networking
1812:eDirectory
1510:user space
1491:Windows NT
1421:Windows NT
1345:Novell DOS
1314:(ISI) for
1302:for their
1139:Bill Gates
1130:Windows NT
1039:stock swap
1017:Token Ring
799:(RIP) and
783:(IPX) and
729:Intel 8086
617:Ray Noorda
572:Drew Major
552:Value Line
490:Orem, Utah
438:SUSE Linux
426:Windows NT
413:, and the
380:Ray Noorda
215:Ray Noorda
210:Drew Major
202:Key people
166:, then by
136:Jack Davis
117:Orem, Utah
9352:Education
9333:Utah Lake
9291:Geography
9272:Qualtrics
9110:Fort Utah
9064:G. Taylor
9004:Eggertsen
8964:Alexander
8950:locations
8788:Arboretum
8705:PlateSpin
8556:Silk Test
8489:GroupWise
8308:GroupWise
7744:0199-6649
7727:InfoWorld
7695:GroupWise
7646:GroupWise
7044:. fsf.org
6947:. LWN.net
6877:Microsoft
6848:Microsoft
6762:CNET News
6738:Microsoft
6709:Microsoft
6545:NewsForge
6073:InfoWorld
6054:InfoWorld
6030:InfoWorld
5870:InfoWorld
5851:InfoWorld
5185:0199-6649
5172:InfoWorld
5032:InfoWorld
5004:InfoWorld
4892:0199-6649
4879:InfoWorld
4686:InfoWorld
4480:InfoWorld
4185:InfoWorld
4144:InfoWorld
3765:InfoWorld
3059:handhelds
3043:endpoints
2933:GroupWise
2740:SiteScape
2734:PlateSpin
2615:SoftCraft
2573:in 2019.
2485:Microsoft
2383:PlateSpin
2292:Moonlight
2206:real-time
2099:Evolution
1874:Turbo FAT
1742:GroupWise
1693:GroupWise
1665:groupware
1543:Unix wars
1506:Spec 1170
1429:Unix SVR4
1266:By 1994,
1234:Star Trek
1043:Jim Manzi
927:LANtastic
907:Dataquest
888:Macintosh
878:to write
875:Intel 386
805:OSI model
725:IBM PC XT
570:students
540:Zilog Z80
434:GroupWise
371:known as
78:Traded as
9708:OpenText
9597:The Ryde
9527:FM radio
9499:AM radio
9374:Provo HS
9232:Bluehost
9210:business
9098:Downtown
8948:Historic
8763:City of
8629:GXS Inc.
8619:Covisint
8581:ZENworks
8561:StarTeam
8479:ArcSight
8472:Products
8444:Tim Bray
8437:Founders
8430:OpenText
8390:Category
8272:ZENworks
8253:Products
8146:Archived
8122:Novell:
8095:Archived
8073:Archived
8037:Archived
7978:. Novell
7846:Archived
7815:Archived
7790:Archived
7748:Archived
7661:See the
7650:ZENworks
7453:. Novell
7247:. ZDNet.
6830:Archived
6574:openSUSE
6483:News.com
5325:Archived
5293:Archived
5218:Archived
5189:Archived
5145:Archived
5119:Archived
4928:Archived
4896:Archived
4726:Archived
4275:Archived
3885:Archived
3267:Archived
3102:See also
3010:ZENworks
2854:Products
2667:) (1994)
2582:OpenText
2501:US$ 6.10
2454:US$ 5.75
2359:Slashdot
2154:openSUSE
2002:News.com
1938:US$ 7.00
1870:firewall
1794:Internet
1674:, where
1433:UnixWare
1367:and the
1361:DOS Plus
1353:StarTrek
1324:SuperNOS
1009:Ethernet
812:Ethernet
740:Apple II
736:VisiCalc
727:with an
656:platform
499:nouvelle
453:OpenText
253:Products
172:OpenText
91:Industry
70:Division
9267:Nu Skin
9247:Morinda
9074:Twelves
9049:Roberts
8710:Opsware
8663:Borland
8607:Webroot
8571:Vertica
8566:UFT One
8346:NetWars
8333:Related
8313:NetWare
7400:PCWorld
7113:Groklaw
6500:article
5727:The Age
5499:The Age
5090:The Age
3998:Fortune
3958:The Age
2941:iFolder
2746:Fortefi
2665:Borland
2624:Excelan
2544:license
2477:patents
2403:Hyper-V
2316:GNU GPL
2066:Java EE
1787:⁄
1771:The Age
1748:Results
1712:OpenDoc
1697:Paradox
1661:Borland
1603:AppWare
1417:Windows
1377:Caldera
1357:PalmDOS
1335:Caldera
1331:Corsair
1304:4690 OS
1268:Corsair
1251:(VARs)
1182:Borland
1145:going.
1076:CompUSA
1013:3+Share
843:Excelan
814:-based
688:NetWare
682:NetWare
661:(NOS),
495:nouveau
459:History
419:Borland
314:.novell
307:Website
289:Revenue
151:2014-11
149: (
144:Defunct
127:Founder
111:1980-08
109: (
101:Founded
9713:Novell
9617:SR-265
9612:SR-114
9607:US-189
9585:Amtrak
9457:BYU TV
9282:Vivint
9262:Novell
9024:Knight
9009:Frisby
8999:Davies
8957:Houses
8847:Events
8688:Novell
8614:Cordys
8369:Univel
8203:People
8196:Novell
7742:
7697:, and
7679:. CRN.
7648:, and
7499:KSL-TV
6485:. CNET
5183:
4975:
4890:
4552:
4428:
2949:iPrint
2805:Legacy
2754:(2008)
2742:(2008)
2736:(2008)
2712:(2003)
2706:(2003)
2704:Ximian
2697:(2001)
2691:(2001)
2682:(2000)
2680:PGSoft
2657:(1994)
2651:(1993)
2645:(1993)
2643:Serius
2571:EQT AB
2497:Oracle
2495:, and
2426:Ingres
2409:, and
2407:VMware
2091:Ximian
2047:Google
1913:, and
1522:Chorus
1437:X/Open
1405:Univel
1371:- and
1296:FlexOS
1238:Mac OS
1158:MS-DOS
1154:DR-DOS
977:Iomega
931:MS-NET
925:, and
900:Sybase
847:TCP/IP
824:NE2000
820:NE1000
758:ring 0
721:IBM PC
654:multi-
613:COMDEX
597:Snipes
593:layoff
585:Snipes
84:Nasdaq
9645:Other
9602:US-89
9484:K43JV
9418:Media
9088:Other
9079:Wentz
9059:Smoot
9054:Smith
9039:Loose
8994:Cluff
8984:Brown
8979:Booth
8974:Beebe
8903:Provo
8883:Other
8765:Provo
8683:NetIQ
8128:Japan
8061:NovOS
7841:ITWeb
7525:ZDNet
6496:this
6302:ZDNet
4729:(PDF)
4718:(PDF)
4306:Wired
4237:(PDF)
3346:(PDF)
3270:(PDF)
3263:(PDF)
2778:(CNE)
2772:(CNA)
2531:GPLv2
2508:NetIQ
2489:Apple
2430:ZDNet
2397:, or
2351:Samba
2300:GPLv3
2072:Linux
2039:Linux
1934:40.00
1911:Linux
1737:Corel
1562:HP-UX
1460:Merge
1281:Linux
1274:with
1180:from
484:), a
358:Provo
32:Novel
9572:I-15
9545:KXRK
9540:KENZ
9535:KBYU
9517:KOVO
9512:KIXR
9507:KEYY
9488:3ABN
9479:KUTH
9474:KUPX
9469:KBYU
9124:LDS
8493:IDOL
7740:ISSN
5936:>
5181:ISSN
4973:ISBN
4888:ISSN
4550:ISBN
4426:ISBN
4080:Byte
3075:BYOD
3003:Vibe
2710:SUSE
2632:for
2551:Mono
2473:SUSE
2467:for
2274:SLES
2253:and
2118:SuSE
2107:Mono
2105:and
2060:and
1962:MCSE
1932:US$
1915:OS/2
1714:and
1687:, a
1683:for
1616:Byte
1526:Mach
1477:and
1373:MP/M
1369:CP/M
1359:and
1289:Wine
1259:and
1219:for
1176:and
1166:Unix
1086:and
1078:and
1005:3Com
975:and
898:and
892:Unix
828:3Com
544:CP/M
482:NDSI
432:and
362:Utah
316:.com
170:and
159:Fate
9590:UTA
9044:Ray
8780:BYU
8063:".)
7616:sic
5518:CRN
4969:182
4546:602
2493:EMC
2418:SAP
2411:Xen
2202:XGL
2198:Xen
2122:IBM
2058:XML
2029:by
1970:GUI
1365:GEM
1300:IBM
1285:IPX
1230:GEM
775:on
568:BYU
312:www
9704::
8126:,
8093:.
8071:.
8035:.
8013:.
8002:.
7985:.
7974:.
7931:.
7912:.
7893:.
7879:^
7838:.
7746:.
7734:,
7724:.
7706:^
7693:,
7644:,
7620:.
7554:.
7522:.
7497:.
7478:.
7466:^
7428:.
7397:.
7372:.
7308:.
7297:.
7261:.
7243:.
7229:^
7219:.
7203:^
7182:.
7169:^
7111:.
6994:.
6968:.
6875:.
6846:.
6810:.
6760:.
6736:.
6732:.
6707:.
6676:.
6657:.
6645:^
6635:.
6621:^
6600:.
6589:^
6572:.
6543:.
6516:.
6481:.
6467:^
6405:.
6337:.
6319:.
6300:.
6281:.
6261:.
6241:^
6231:.
6197:^
6187:.
6173:^
6163:.
6145:.
6129:^
6119:.
6103:^
6093:.
6081:^
6071:.
6052:.
6038:^
6028:.
6014:^
6004:.
5978:^
5968:.
5949:.
5930:.
5918:^
5908:.
5892:^
5868:.
5849:.
5830:.
5816:^
5806:.
5747:.
5735:^
5725:.
5711:^
5695:.
5676:.
5664:^
5654:.
5643:^
5633:.
5620:^
5610:.
5593:^
5583:.
5567:^
5557:.
5545:^
5526:^
5516:.
5497:.
5485:^
5465:^
5455:.
5441:^
5421:^
5395:.
5319:.
5308:^
5276:^
5266:.
5254:^
5244:.
5233:^
5212:.
5187:.
5169:.
5117:.
5113:.
5107:.
5088:.
5072:^
5055:.
5029:.
5001:.
4971:.
4943:^
4911:^
4894:.
4876:.
4864:^
4854:.
4836:.
4818:^
4806:.
4790:^
4780:.
4768:^
4744:^
4724:.
4702:^
4683:.
4664:.
4648:^
4638:.
4626:^
4616:.
4596:^
4586:.
4564:^
4548:.
4518:.
4506:^
4478:.
4466:^
4456:.
4440:^
4403:.
4392:^
4382:.
4364:.
4342:^
4332:.
4314:^
4304:.
4290:^
4273:.
4267:.
4245:^
4216:^
4206:.
4193:^
4183:.
4171:^
4161:.
4142:.
4130:^
4120:.
4089:^
4078:.
4048:^
4038:.
4006:^
3996:.
3966:^
3956:.
3930:^
3920:.
3901:.
3855:^
3845:.
3826:.
3808:.
3797:^
3787:.
3773:^
3763:.
3751:^
3741:.
3728:^
3704:^
3690:.
3670:.
3656:^
3646:.
3600:^
3590:.
3571:.
3553:.
3535:.
3523:^
3513:.
3500:^
3484:.
3472:^
3462:.
3449:^
3439:.
3427:^
3417:.
3398:.
3378:^
3368:.
3354:^
3325:^
3315:.
3296:.
3285:^
3265:.
3244:.
3230:^
3220:.
3207:^
3197:.
3178:^
3168:.
3153:^
3143:.
3129:^
2846:.
2553:.
2491:,
2424:,
2420:,
2413:.
2405:,
2393:,
2212:.
2113:.
2101:,
2068:.
1979:,
1909:,
1905:,
1868:,
1451:.
1355:,
1255:,
1203:.
1160:;
921:,
902:.
807:.
678:.
665:.
588:.
582:,
409:,
405:,
375:.
360:,
337:oʊ
119:,
9490:)
9486:(
8756:e
8749:t
8742:v
8422:e
8415:t
8408:v
8188:e
8181:t
8174:v
8082:.
8046:.
7960:.
7935:.
7916:.
7897:.
7855:.
7824:.
7799:.
7757:.
7630:.
7587:.
7566:.
7539:.
7507:.
7460:.
7439:.
7414:.
7383:.
7358:.
7337:.
7223:.
7197:.
7122:.
7097:.
7076:.
7051:.
7030:.
7009:.
6979:.
6954:.
6932:.
6911:.
6890:.
6861:.
6796:.
6771:.
6746:.
6718:.
6693:.
6661:.
6639:.
6615:.
6583:.
6558:.
6528:.
6492:.
6461:.
6447:.
6422:.
6391:.
6366:.
6304:.
6285:.
6235:.
6191:.
6149:.
6123:.
5972:.
5772:.
5751:.
5705:.
5587:.
5520:.
5334:.
5302:.
5227:.
5198:.
5154:.
5128:.
5066:.
5041:.
5014:.
4981:.
4937:.
4905:.
4812:.
4784:.
4738:.
4696:.
4642:.
4558:.
4522:.
4500:.
4460:.
4434:.
4368:.
4308:.
4284:.
4042:.
4000:.
3791:.
3722:.
3494:.
3279:.
3248:.
3077:)
2663:(
1789:2
1785:1
1782:+
1780:2
480:(
352:/
349:l
346:ɛ
343:v
340:ˈ
334:n
331:/
327:(
153:)
113:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.