36:
1798:
1890:
1913:
1844:
1936:
2028:
1959:
1821:
1775:
2049:
2089:
1175:. Wolfgang Helck, who also believes that the 16th Dynasty was an Hyksos vassal state, proposed a slightly different list of kings. Many of the rulers listed here in the 16th Dynasty under the hypothesis that they were vassals of the Hyksos are put in the 14th Dynasty in the hypothesis that the 16th Dynasty was an independent Theban kingdom. The chronological ordering is largely uncertain.
2109:
1867:
2069:
1681:
argues that the 16th
Dynasty was an independent Theban kingdom. From Ryholt's reconstruction of the Turin canon, 15 kings can be associated to the dynasty, several of whom are attested by contemporary sources. While most likely rulers based in Thebes itself, some may have been local rulers from other
1107:
dominated the short-lived 16th
Dynasty. The armies of the 15th Dynasty, winning town after town from their southern enemies, continually encroached on the 16th Dynasty territory, eventually threatening and then conquering Thebes itself. In his study of the Second Intermediate Period, the Egyptologist
1138:
Various chronological orderings and lists of kings have been proposed by scholars for this dynasty. These lists fall broadly in two categories: those assuming that the 16th
Dynasty comprised vassals of the Hyksos, as advocated by
1993:
Additional kings are classified as belonging to this dynasty per Kim Ryholt but their chronological position is uncertain. They may correspond to the last five lost kings on the Turin canon:
2509:
2504:
35:
1091:'s Sixteenth Dynasty, although this is one of Ryholt's "most debatable and far-reaching" conclusions. For this reason other scholars do not follow Ryholt and see only
185:
160:
146:
977:
1713:
Ryholt gives the list of kings of the 16th
Dynasty as shown in the table below. Others, such as Helck, Vandersleyen, Bennett combine some of these rulers with the
2529:
2534:
2248:
Wolfgang Helck, Eberhard Otto, Wolfhart
Westendorf, Stele - Zypresse: Volume 6 of Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1986, Page 1383
1350:
2285:
Chris Bennet, A Genealogical
Chronology of the Seventeenth Dynasty, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Vol. 39 (2002), pp. 123-155
1159:
The traditional list of rulers of the 16th
Dynasty regroups kings believed to be vassals of the Hyksos, some of which have semitic names such as
970:
1443:
2257:
Darrell D. Baker: The
Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International,
1417:
1430:
1635:
963:
1659:
1363:
1564:
2262:
1108:
Kim Ryholt has suggested that
Dedumose I sued for a truce in the latter years of the dynasty, but one of his predecessors,
2539:
2524:
2499:
2339:
2318:
2274:
497:
89:
2471:
2210:
639:
357:
2519:
2514:
2422:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2237:
749:
2449:
2306:
951:
765:
687:
661:
204:
851:
805:
778:
735:
704:
700:
674:
648:
231:
2481:
1714:
726:
562:
178:
1694:. By the reign of Nebiriau I, the realm controlled by the 16th Dynasty extended at least as far north as
1123:
1119:
605:
592:
506:
476:
165:
151:
40:
The political situation in Egypt during the existence of the 16th
Dynasty from c. 1650 until c. 1590 BC.
2464:
1104:
1026:
791:
618:
519:
208:
2203:
The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth - Seventeenth Dynasties, Current Research, Future Prospects
1147:; and those assuming that the 16th Dynasty was an independent Theban kingdom, as recently proposed by
450:
419:
69:
463:
366:
1207:
Possibly a prince of the 15th Dynasty or a Canaanite chieftain contemporary with the 12th Dynasty
2441:
2367:
2357:
1062:
440:
379:
310:
267:
2387:
Cory's Ancient fragments of the Phoenician, Carthaginian, Babylonian, Egyptian and other authors
2225:
1168:
1140:
1836:
405:
392:
336:
323:
297:
251:
2435:
1298:
1030:
2081:
2061:
1070:
583:
288:
1112:, may have been more successful and seems to have enjoyed a period of peace in his reign.
8:
2299:
The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 - 1550 BC
1928:
2437:
The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 BC
1797:
829:
2445:
2418:
2391:
2371:
2302:
2258:
2233:
2206:
1951:
945:
916:
240:
79:
59:
1546:
1311:
1066:
2544:
2408:
2361:
1889:
1790:
1262:
1084:
906:
2404:
1167:. The list of kings differs from scholar to scholar and it is here given as per
1912:
1843:
1813:
1707:
1144:
1127:
1126:, also blighted the 16th Dynasty, most evidently during and after the reign of
838:
550:
2232:, Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1999,
2493:
2027:
1958:
1935:
1699:
1683:
1677:
In his 1997 study of the Second Intermediate Period, the Danish Egyptologist
1532:
1324:
1074:
1034:
995:
882:
221:
212:
49:
1820:
1866:
1774:
1022:
1018:
2101:
2068:
2041:
1882:
1859:
1109:
1011:
872:
2275:
Kings of the Second Intermediate Period 16th dynasty (after Ryholt 1997)
2431:
2294:
2048:
2020:
1718:
1678:
1148:
1080:
2414:
1695:
1588:
1457:
1403:
1389:
1284:
1241:
1095:
evidence for the interpretation of the Sixteenth Dynasty as Theban.
1698:
and south to Edfu. Not listed in the Turin canon (after Ryholt) is
1337:
1213:
1199:
1164:
1905:
1767:
1088:
1054:
1007:
1003:
2088:
2356:
Bourriau, Janine (2003) , "The Second Intermediate Period", in
1687:
1512:
May belong to the 15th Dynasty, only attested in later sources
1504:
1376:
1270:
1227:
1160:
1115:
1042:
1038:
523:
2336:
Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire
2108:
1703:
1518:
2510:
States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC
1691:
1083:(1997), followed by Bourriau (2003), in reconstructing the
1061:, the Sixteenth Dynasty is described by the more reliable
2505:
States and territories established in the 17th century BC
1087:, interpreted a list of Thebes-based kings to constitute
1558:
rather than Shenes and may belong to the 14th Dynasty
1029:(c. 1650–1550 BC), a period that saw the division of
1025:
dynasties, are often combined under the group title,
2000:as an independent Theban kingdom (uncertain order)
1672:
2491:
2332:Statues et statuettes de rois et de particuliers
1706:at Abydos and was likely a local kinglet of the
1118:, which had plagued Upper Egypt during the late
1987:Five kings lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon
1540:Possibly Qareh, may belong to the 14th Dynasty
971:
2530:2nd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt
2116:Left a colossal statue of himself in Karnak
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2035:May have tried to sue the Hyksos for peace
1154:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2107:
2087:
2067:
2047:
2026:
1957:
1934:
1911:
1888:
1865:
1842:
1819:
1796:
1773:
1721:and is supposedly in chronological order:
1717:. The list of rulers is given here as per
1682:important Upper Egyptian towns, including
978:
964:
34:
2535:2nd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt
2342:, published in 1906, see p. 18 and p. 109
1761:Name lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon
2355:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2138:
2301:, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press,
2172:
1261:May be identical with the Hyksos ruler
2492:
2430:
2338:, Le Caire, 1906. I, 171 pp., 79 pls,
2288:
2221:
2219:
946:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
2410:The Ancient Near East: c. 3000–330 BC
2403:
2154:
1278:May belong to the early 14th Dynasty
1249:May belong to the early 15th Dynasty
1235:May belong to the early 15th Dynasty
1221:May belong to the early 15th Dynasty
2383:
2230:Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen
2205:, Leuven 2011, Paris — Walpole, MA.
1292:May belong to the late 14th Dynasty
1173:Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen
2363:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
2216:
2201:see for example, Quirke, in Maree:
1791:Sekhemre-seusertawi Sobekhotep VIII
1041:kings of the 15th Dynasty based at
90:Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
13:
1814:Sekhemre-seankhtawi Neferhotep III
14:
2556:
2321:on Digital Egypt for Universities
1728:as an independent Theban kingdom
1048:
1673:As an independent Theban Kingdom
1411:May be the same person as 'Ammu
1017:This dynasty, together with the
1010:that ruled the Theban region in
183:
158:
144:
2349:
2340:available copyright-free online
2324:
2312:
2279:
2268:
1526:May belong to the 14th Dynasty
1397:May belong to the 17th Dynasty
1069:) as "shepherd kings", but by
2251:
2242:
2195:
2186:
2129:
952:Periodization of ancient Egypt
1:
2122:
1053:Of the two chief versions of
259:
2384:Cory, Isaac Preston (1876),
1715:Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt
179:Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt
7:
1103:The continuing war against
166:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
152:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10:
2561:
2540:Dynasties of ancient Egypt
2525:2nd millennium BC in Egypt
2500:Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1768:Sekhemre-sementawi Djehuti
1098:
1027:Second Intermediate Period
23:Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt
2478:
2469:
2461:
2319:Kim Ryholt's 16th dynasty
1182:as vassals of the Hyksos
1171:'s Dynasty XV/XVI in his
123:
119:
109:
99:
95:
85:
75:
70:ancient Egyptian religion
65:
55:
45:
33:
28:
21:
2520:17th century BC in Egypt
2515:16th century BC in Egypt
1155:As vassals of the Hyksos
1133:
1033:between the pharaohs at
16:Ancient Egyptian dynasty
2442:Museum Tusculanum Press
2390:, Reeves & Turner,
2368:Oxford University Press
2102:Seneferibre Senusret IV
2082:Merankhre Mentuhotep VI
2042:Djedneferre Dedumose II
2021:Djedhotepre Dedumose I
1860:Sewadjenre Nebiryraw I
1837:Seankhenre Mentuhotepi
750:Twenty-seventh Dynasty
111:• Disestablished
1618:Reading is uncertain
1338:Sneferankhre Pepi III
1031:Upper and Lower Egypt
883:Thirty-fourth Dynasty
839:Thirty-second Dynasty
766:Twenty-eighth Dynasty
688:Twenty-fourth Dynasty
662:Twenty-second Dynasty
56:Common languages
2226:Jürgen von Beckerath
2062:Djedankhre Montemsaf
1169:Jürgen von Beckerath
1141:Jürgen von Beckerath
917:Thirty-fifth Dynasty
852:Thirty-third Dynasty
808:(2nd Persian Period)
806:Thirty-first Dynasty
779:Twenty-ninth Dynasty
752:(1st Persian Period)
736:Twenty-sixth Dynasty
701:Twenty-fifth Dynasty
675:Twenty-third Dynasty
649:Twenty-first Dynasty
2482:Seventeenth Dynasty
2265:, 2008, pp. 256-257
2001:
1929:Seuserenre Bebiankh
1729:
1465:Kingship contested
1451:Kingship contested
1183:
563:Seventeenth Dynasty
498:Second Intermediate
241:Pre-dynastic period
101:• Established
2183:Bourriau 2003: 179
2151:Bourriau 2003: 191
1996:
1983:1588–1582 BC
1952:Sekhemre Shedwaset
1942:1600–1588 BC
1919:1601–1600 BC
1873:1627–1601 BC
1850:1628–1627 BC
1827:1629–1628 BC
1804:1645–1629 BC
1781:1648–1645 BC
1757:1649–1648 BC
1724:
1178:
640:Third Intermediate
606:Nineteenth Dynasty
593:Eighteenth Dynasty
507:Fourteenth Dynasty
477:Thirteenth Dynasty
358:First Intermediate
2488:
2487:
2479:Succeeded by
2465:Fifteenth Dynasty
2330:Georges Legrain:
2263:978-1-905299-37-9
2120:
2119:
1991:
1990:
1670:
1669:
992:Sixteenth Dynasty
988:
987:
935:
934:
897:
896:
863:
862:
830:Hellenistic Egypt
820:
819:
792:Thirtieth Dynasty
717:
716:
630:
629:
619:Twentieth Dynasty
574:
573:
538:Sixteenth Dynasty
520:Fifteenth Dynasty
488:
487:
431:
430:
348:
347:
279:
278:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
171:
170:
80:Absolute monarchy
60:Egyptian language
2552:
2472:Dynasty of Egypt
2462:Preceded by
2459:
2458:
2455:
2432:Ryholt, K. S. B.
2427:
2400:
2380:
2343:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2223:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2170:
2169:Ryholt 1997: 305
2167:
2152:
2149:
2136:
2133:
2111:
2091:
2071:
2051:
2030:
2002:
1995:
1961:
1938:
1915:
1892:
1869:
1846:
1823:
1800:
1777:
1730:
1723:
1184:
1177:
980:
973:
966:
912:
911:
885:(Roman Pharaohs)
878:
877:
835:
834:
732:
731:
645:
644:
589:
588:
503:
502:
451:Eleventh Dynasty
446:
445:
420:Eleventh Dynasty
363:
362:
294:
293:
261:
237:
236:
201:
200:
187:
186:
175:
174:
162:
161:
148:
147:
141:
140:
125:
124:
38:
19:
18:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2475:
2467:
2452:
2425:
2398:
2378:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2269:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2224:
2217:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2168:
2155:
2150:
2139:
2135:Kuhrt 1995: 118
2134:
2130:
2125:
2104:
2084:
2064:
2044:
2023:
1984:
1977:
1966:
1954:
1943:
1931:
1920:
1908:
1897:
1885:
1874:
1862:
1851:
1839:
1828:
1816:
1805:
1793:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1751:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1638:
1625:
1613:
1602:
1591:
1578:
1567:
1549:
1535:
1521:
1507:
1494:
1483:
1472:
1460:
1446:
1433:
1420:
1406:
1392:
1379:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1287:
1273:
1256:
1244:
1230:
1216:
1202:
1157:
1136:
1101:
1051:
984:
955:
949:
937:
936:
931:379 AD – 641 AD
925:
919:
909:
907:Byzantine Egypt
899:
898:
887:
884:
875:
865:
864:
832:
822:
821:
810:
807:
754:
751:
729:
719:
718:
642:
632:
631:
586:
576:
575:
500:
490:
489:
464:Twelfth Dynasty
443:
433:
432:
367:Seventh Dynasty
360:
350:
349:
291:
281:
280:
234:
224:
184:
159:
145:
112:
102:
41:
29:1649 BC–1582 BC
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2450:
2440:. Copenhagen:
2428:
2423:
2401:
2396:
2381:
2376:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2323:
2311:
2287:
2278:
2267:
2250:
2241:
2215:
2211:978-9042922280
2194:
2185:
2171:
2153:
2137:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1708:Abydos Dynasty
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:Maaibre Sheshi
1269:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1180:Dynasty XV/XVI
1156:
1153:
1145:Wolfgang Helck
1135:
1132:
1128:Neferhotep III
1100:
1097:
1065:(supported by
1050:
1049:Identification
1047:
1014:for 70 years.
986:
985:
983:
982:
975:
968:
960:
957:
956:
942:
939:
938:
933:
932:
929:
926:
915:
910:
905:
904:
901:
900:
895:
894:
893:30 BC – 313 AD
891:
888:
881:
876:
871:
870:
867:
866:
861:
860:
857:
854:
848:
847:
844:
841:
833:
828:
827:
824:
823:
818:
817:
814:
811:
804:
801:
800:
797:
794:
788:
787:
784:
781:
775:
774:
771:
768:
762:
761:
758:
755:
748:
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741:
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730:
725:
724:
721:
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715:
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711:
708:
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684:
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677:
671:
670:
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664:
658:
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633:
628:
627:
624:
621:
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614:
611:
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602:
601:
598:
595:
587:
582:
581:
578:
577:
572:
571:
568:
565:
559:
558:
555:
553:
551:Abydos Dynasty
547:
546:
543:
540:
534:
533:
530:
527:
516:
515:
512:
509:
501:
496:
495:
492:
491:
486:
485:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
466:
460:
459:
456:
453:
444:
441:Middle Kingdom
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
428:
425:
422:
415:
414:
411:
408:
402:
401:
398:
395:
389:
388:
385:
382:
380:Eighth Dynasty
376:
375:
372:
369:
361:
356:
355:
352:
351:
346:
345:
342:
339:
333:
332:
329:
326:
320:
319:
316:
313:
311:Fourth Dynasty
307:
306:
303:
300:
292:
287:
286:
283:
282:
277:
276:
273:
270:
268:Second Dynasty
264:
263:
257:
254:
248:
247:
245:
243:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:All years are
219:
216:
215:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
181:
172:
169:
168:
163:
155:
154:
149:
137:
136:
131:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:
87:
86:Historical era
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2557:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2483:
2476:1649–1582 BC
2474:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:9780415013536
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2405:Kuhrt, Amélie
2402:
2399:
2397:9780598986382
2393:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:0-19-280458-8
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2245:
2239:
2238:3-8053-2591-6
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2213:, p. 56, n. 6
2212:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2132:
2128:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2005:Name of king
2004:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:Name of king
1732:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1702:, who left a
1701:
1700:Wepwawetemsaf
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
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1633:
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1622:
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1617:
1615:
1610:
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1604:
1599:
1598:
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1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:Likely to be
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1455:
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1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
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1281:
1277:
1275:
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1268:
1267:
1264:
1260:
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1252:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:ancient Egypt
993:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
961:
959:
958:
954:
953:
948:
947:
941:
940:
930:
927:
923:
918:
914:
913:
908:
903:
902:
892:
889:
886:
880:
879:
874:
869:
868:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
825:
815:
812:
809:
803:
802:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
753:
747:
746:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
728:
723:
722:
712:
709:
706:
702:
699:
698:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
641:
636:
635:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
585:
580:
579:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
531:
528:
525:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
499:
494:
493:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
452:
448:
447:
442:
437:
436:
426:
423:
421:
417:
416:
412:
409:
407:
406:Tenth Dynasty
404:
403:
399:
396:
394:
393:Ninth Dynasty
391:
390:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
359:
354:
353:
343:
340:
338:
337:Sixth Dynasty
335:
334:
330:
327:
325:
324:Fifth Dynasty
322:
321:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
304:
301:
299:
298:Third Dynasty
296:
295:
290:
285:
284:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
258:
255:
253:
252:First Dynasty
250:
249:
246:
244:
242:
239:
238:
233:
228:
227:
223:
218:
217:
214:
213:ancient Egypt
210:
206:
203:
202:
182:
180:
177:
176:
173:
167:
164:
157:
156:
153:
150:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
122:
118:
114:
108:
104:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
27:
20:
2470:
2436:
2409:
2386:
2362:
2350:Bibliography
2335:
2331:
2326:
2314:
2298:
2290:
2281:
2270:
2253:
2244:
2229:
2202:
2197:
2188:
2131:
1997:
1992:
1974:
1748:
1725:
1712:
1676:
1555:
1214:'Aper-'Anati
1187:Name of king
1179:
1172:
1158:
1137:
1124:14th Dynasty
1120:13th Dynasty
1114:
1105:15th Dynasty
1102:
1093:insufficient
1092:
1079:
1058:
1052:
1016:
999:
991:
989:
950:
944:
921:
537:
134:Succeeded by
133:
128:
1998:Dynasty XVI
1883:Nebiriau II
1726:Dynasty XVI
1110:Nebiryraw I
1085:Turin canon
1012:Upper Egypt
1000:Dynasty XVI
873:Roman Egypt
727:Late Period
584:New Kingdom
289:Old Kingdom
129:Preceded by
2494:Categories
2451:8772894210
2413:, London:
2366:, Oxford:
2307:8772894210
2295:Kim Ryholt
2123:References
1719:Kim Ryholt
1679:Kim Ryholt
1149:Kim Ryholt
1059:Aegyptiaca
943:See also:
922:speculated
76:Government
2415:Routledge
2358:Shaw, Ian
2192:Cory 1876
2014:Comments
1742:Comments
1458:Nikare II
1444:Nubankhre
1404:Aahotepre
1390:Nebmaatre
1285:Yaqub-Har
1242:Sakir-Har
1200:'Anat-Har
1193:Comments
1067:Syncellus
1063:Africanus
998:(notated
626:1189–1077
613:1292–1189
600:1549–1292
570:1580–1549
557:1650–1600
545:1660–1600
532:1674–1535
514:1705–1690
484:1803–1649
471:1991–1803
458:2061–1991
427:2134–2061
413:2130–2040
400:2160–2130
387:2181–2160
344:2345–2181
331:2498–2345
318:2613–2498
305:2686–2613
275:2890–2686
262:3150–2890
209:dynasties
66:Religion
2434:(1997).
2407:(1995),
1418:Anetrire
1165:Anat-her
1122:and the
1071:Eusebius
1037:and the
1008:pharaohs
1002:) was a
656:1069–945
374:spurious
2360:(ed.),
2309:, 1997.
1975:Unknown
1965:1588 BC
1906:Semenre
1896:1601 BC
1749:Unknown
1431:Meribre
1312:Jakebmu
1099:History
1089:Manetho
1055:Manetho
1004:dynasty
846:332–305
816:343–332
799:380–343
786:398–380
773:404–398
760:525–404
743:672–525
713:732–653
695:732–720
682:837–728
669:945–720
205:Periods
115:1582 BC
105:1649 BC
46:Capital
2545:Hyksos
2448:
2421:
2394:
2374:
2305:
2261:
2236:
2209:
1688:El Kab
1684:Abydos
1636:Shemsu
1556:Sheneh
1547:Shenes
1505:Sharek
1377:Bebnum
1228:Semqen
1161:Semqen
1116:Famine
1081:Ryholt
1075:Theban
1043:Avaris
1039:Hyksos
1035:Thebes
859:305–30
856:XXXIII
770:XXVIII
705:Nubian
524:Hyksos
418:Early
50:Thebes
2334:, in
2011:Dates
2008:Image
1739:Dates
1736:Image
1704:stele
1660:Werqa
1519:Wazad
1364:Anati
1263:Apepi
1255:Apepi
1190:Dates
1134:Kings
890:XXXIV
843:XXXII
757:XXVII
679:XXIII
597:XVIII
449:Late
232:Early
2446:ISBN
2419:ISBN
2392:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2207:ISBN
1692:Edfu
1690:and
1648:Meni
1624:Hapi
1612:Aped
1601:Hibe
1565:Inek
1493:kare
1482:kare
1471:kare
1351:Hepu
1299:Jamu
1163:and
1143:and
1023:17th
1021:and
1019:15th
990:The
928:XXXV
813:XXXI
783:XXIX
740:XXVI
692:XXIV
666:XXII
567:XVII
481:XIII
384:VIII
207:and
1589:'Ap
1533:Qur
1325:Amu
1073:as
1057:'s
1006:of
994:of
796:XXX
710:XXV
653:XXI
610:XIX
542:XVI
511:XIV
468:XII
371:VII
302:III
211:of
2496::
2444:.
2417:,
2370:,
2297::
2228::
2218:^
2174:^
2156:^
2140:^
1710:.
1696:Hu
1686:,
1577:'A
1151:.
1130:.
1077:.
1045:.
623:XX
529:XV
455:XI
424:XI
397:IX
341:VI
315:IV
272:II
260:c.
222:BC
2454:.
979:e
972:t
965:v
924:)
920:(
707:)
703:(
526:)
522:(
410:X
328:V
256:I
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