167:
3127:
3413:– voted to end slavery at a constitutional convention on March 10, 1864. Arkansas, part of which came under Union control by 1864, adopted an anti-slavery constitution on March 16, 1864. Louisiana – much of which had been under Union control since 1862 – abolished slavery through a new state constitution approved by voters September 5, 1864. The border states of Maryland (November 1, 1864) and Missouri (January 11, 1865) abolished slavery before the war's end. The Union-occupied state of Tennessee abolished slavery by popular vote on a constitutional amendment that took effect February 22, 1865.
2979:
2232:
29:
6367:
6357:
2730:
2256:
2154:
2109:
1914:
1897:
3100:, while Willey proposed a compromise amendment to the state constitution for gradual abolition. Sumner attempted to add his own amendment to the bill, which was defeated, and the statehood bill passed both houses of Congress with the addition of what became known as the Willey Amendment. President Lincoln signed the bill on December 31, 1862. Voters in western Virginia approved the Willey Amendment on March 26, 1863.
6377:
3123:. The slaves in Berkeley were also under exemption but not those in Jefferson County. As of the census of 1860, the 49 exempted counties held some 6000 slaves over 21 years of age who would not have been emancipated, about 40% of the total slave population. The terms of the Willey Amendment only freed children, at birth or as they came of age, and prohibited the importation of slaves.
2330:, California was admitted as a free state without a slave state being admitted; California's admission also meant there would be no slave state on the Pacific coast. To avoid creating a free state majority in the Senate, California agreed to send one pro-slavery and one anti-slavery senator to Congress.
2035:. By 1804 (including New York (1799) and New Jersey (1804)), all of the Northern states had abolished slavery or set measures in place to gradually abolish it, although there were still hundreds of ex-slaves working without pay as indentured servants in Northern states as late as the 1840 census (see
3610:, a considerable number of colonists felt that the time had come to end slavery and give the free Negroes some fruits of liberty. This sentiment, added to economic considerations, led to the immediate or gradual abolition of slavery in six Northern states, while there was a swelling flood of private
2121:
In the late 1850s, an unsuccessful campaign was launched by several southern states to resume the international slave trade, to restock their slave populations, but this met with strong opposition. However, there was a large natural increase in the slave population throughout the late 18th and 19th
3401:
West
Virginia did not abolish slavery in its first proposed constitution of 1861, though it did ban the importation of slaves. In 1863, voters approved the Willey Amendment, which provided for gradual abolition of slavery, with the last enslaved people scheduled to be freed in 1884. On February 3,
2251:
by free states, the Senate became the preoccupation of slave-state politicians interested in maintaining a congressional veto over federal policy with regard to slavery and other issues important to the South. As a result of this preoccupation, slave states and free states were often admitted into
3006:
of
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri – all slave states – remained in the Union, although Kentucky and Missouri also had competing Confederate state governments. In 1863 western Virginia, much of which had remained loyal to the Union, was admitted as the new
60:
was one in which they were prohibited. Between 1812 and 1850, it was considered by the slave states to be politically imperative that the number of free states not exceed the number of slave states, so new states were admitted in slave–free pairs. There were, nonetheless, some slaves in most free
3330:
allowed the indenture of Native
Californians. This law provided for apprenticing or indenturing Indian children to Whites, and also punished vagrant Indians by hiring them out to the highest bidder at a public auction if the Indian could not provide sufficient bond or bail. The new settlers took
3614:
in the South. Little actual gain was made by the free Negro even in this period, and by the turn of the century the downward trend had begun again. Thereafter the only important change in that trend before the Civil War was that after 1831 the decline in the status of the free Negro became more
4311:", Today in History, Library of Congress, viewed December 15, 2014. On April 16, 1862, Lincoln signed a congressional act abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia with compensation for slave owners, five months before the victory at Antietam led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
3259:), Alexandria County, D.C., requested that it be returned to Virginia, where the slave trade was legal; this took place in 1847. Slavery in the District of Columbia remained legal until 1862, when Southern members of Congress resigned, enabling those remaining to pass the ban, which
2435:
from
Missouri. The animosity escalated throughout the 1850s, culminating in numerous skirmishes and devastation on both sides of the question. Nevertheless, the North prevented Kansas Territory from becoming a slave state, and when Southern members of Congress departed
3420:
abolished slavery throughout the United States, except as punishment for a crime, on
December 18, 1865, ending the distinction between slave and free states. As such, slavery in the United States technically existed longer in the North than in the South.
4030:
Involuntary labor by negroes is recognized by custom; those holding slaves keep them as part of their family, as they would their wives, without any law on the subject. Negro caste springs naturally from their doctrine of blacks being ineligible to the
1665:
2116:
of 1820, trading the admission of
Missouri (a slave state) for Maine (a free state), drew a line extending west from Missouri's southern border, which was intended to divide any new territory into slave (south of the line) and free (north of the
3353:
At the start of the Civil War, there were 34 states in the United States, 15 of which were slave states. Eleven of these slave states, after conventions devoted to the topic, issued declarations of secession from the United States, created the
3080:, presented a statehood bill to Congress to create a new state from 48 counties in western Virginia. The new state would eventually incorporate 50 counties. The issue of slavery in the new state delayed approval of the bill. In the Senate
3393:
declared all enslaved people in areas then under
Confederate control free, but, in practice, freedom required either slaves reaching Union lines or Union forces reaching their area. As Union forces advanced from January 1, 1863, to
4020:
The
Mormons: Or, Latter-day Saints, in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake: a History of Their Rise and Progress, Peculiar Doctrines, Present Condition, and Prospects, Derived from Personal Observation, During a Residence Among
1900:
During the
American Revolution (1775–1783) some of the 13 British colonies seeking independence to become states began to abolish slavery. The U.S. Constitution ratified in 1789, left the matter in the hands of each
2280:
north of latitude 36° 30', which described most of
Missouri's southern border, would, except for Missouri, become free states, and territory south of that line would become slave states. As part of the compromise,
3370:
was issued in 1863, Tennessee was already under Union control. Accordingly, the Proclamation applied only in the 10 remaining Confederate states. During the war, abolition of slavery was required by President
2338:
The difficulty of identifying territory that could be organized into additional slave states stalled the process of opening the western territories to settlement. Slave-state politicians made efforts to annex
77:, provided that a slave did not become free by entering a free state and must be returned to their owner. Enforcement of these laws became one of the controversies which arose between slave and free states.
5127:
3234:
West Virginia became the 35th state on June 20, 1863, and the last slave state admitted to the Union. Eighteen months later, the West Virginia legislature completely abolished slavery, and also ratified the
2459:. The date ranges in the Abolition column for Free States indicate when gradual abolition laws were adopted and when slavery finally ended, except for states where slavery was outlawed in a specific year.
4263:
4964:
1660:
2031:
had limited slavery in 1777, while it was still independent before it joined the United States as the 14th state in 1791. These state jurisdictions thus enacted the first abolition laws in the
4345:
2733:
By the eve of the Civil War in mid-1861, with the addition of Oregon (1859) and Kansas (1861), the number of free states had grown to 19 while the number of slave states remained at 15.
2401:), whether they would allow slavery within each territory. The result was that pro- and anti-slavery elements flooded into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, leading to
2455:
The following table shows the balance between slave and free states that began in 1812. The Statehood columns provide the year the state either ratified the U.S. Constitution or was
5084:
4711:
4979:
5414:
4914:
4869:
4784:
5419:
5409:
4824:
4789:
2235:
By 1845, with Texas and Florida in the Union as slave states, slave states once again outnumbered the free states for a year until Iowa was admitted as a free state in 1846.
2157:
With the statehood of Arkansas in 1836, the number of slave states grew to 13, but the statehood of Michigan in 1837 maintained the balance between slave and free states.
5449:
3088:
defended statehood as long as a gradual emancipation clause would be included in the new state constitution. Two senators represented the Unionist Virginia government,
1786:
2243:, where each state was represented by two senators. With an equal number of slave states and free states, the Senate was equally divided on issues important to the
5362:
3416:
However, slavery legally persisted in Delaware, Kentucky, and (to a very limited extent, due to a trade ban but continued gradual abolition) New Jersey, until the
4378:
2986:
states, including those admitted during the war; light blue represents border states, some of which had both Confederate and Unionist governments; red represents
5881:
5861:
5603:
5357:
5201:
5144:
3417:
3236:
3220:
2102:
1650:
1181:
132:
5866:
5846:
5836:
4704:
2884:
California was admitted as a free state in 1850 without an accompanying slave state, though certain concessions were made to the slave states as part of the
5876:
5871:
5856:
5851:
5841:
5831:
5054:
1921:
1887:
1535:
907:
644:
5039:
3272:
1271:
912:
4462:
2054:(1796). By 1804, before the creation of new states from the federal western territories, the number of slave and free states was 8 each. By the time of
6416:
6406:
5206:
5069:
2312:
4426:
6426:
3382:, after the departure of the powerful Southern contingent in 1861, was generally abolitionist: In a plan endorsed by Abraham Lincoln, slavery in the
3280:
3115:) as well as some territories occupied by Union forces within Confederate states. Two additional counties were added to West Virginia in late 1863,
2888:. Three more free states were admitted in the final years before the Civil War, disrupting the balance that the slave states had tried to maintain.
6268:
5964:
5665:
5333:
5297:
5132:
4697:
3460:
3327:
2086:
604:
6401:
5122:
2443:
When the admission of Minnesota proceeded unimpeded in 1858, the balance in the Senate ended; this was compounded by the subsequent admission of
4142:
3331:
10,000 to 27,000 California Native Americans as forced laborers, including 4,000 to 7,000 children. In April 1863, after the declaration of the
6411:
5439:
4582:
3344:
1949:
959:
4322:
3151: Gradual emancipation in New York (starting 1799, completed 1827) and New Jersey (starting 1804, completed by Thirteenth Amendment, 1865)
92:
started to abolish the practice. Pennsylvania abolished slavery in 1780, and about half of the states had abolished slavery by the end of the
6380:
5509:
5089:
3881:
5099:
5074:
4667:
4635:
3984:
1655:
1505:
2737:
From 1812 through 1850, maintaining the balance of free and slave state votes in the Senate was considered of paramount importance if the
5554:
5277:
4231:
declarations of secession, and Virginia's excluded Unionist county votes and included Confederate troops in Richmond voting as regiments
986:
6016:
5904:
5596:
5267:
4995:
4779:
1732:
484:
3607:
2074:
2036:
1969:
1891:
934:
104:
in 1777 and thus not being one of the Thirteen Colonies — banned slavery in the same year, before being admitted as a state in 1791.
2239:
The potential for political conflict over slavery at the federal level made politicians concerned about the balance of power in the
5231:
3309:
2398:
2145:
slave populations. Slave states had wanted 100% of their slaves to be counted, whereas Northern states argued that none should be.
1705:
1525:
698:
2216:
By 1815, the momentum for antislavery reform appeared to run out of steam, with half the states having already abolished slavery (
6006:
5660:
5139:
5059:
1863:
1940:
were also sold into slavery, the vast majority of the enslaved population consisted of Africans brought to the Americas via the
4549:
2320:
2248:
2134:
969:
387:
6110:
2376:
2093:, but in a compromise, the prohibition could be lifted by Congress in 20 years, and slaves were referred to as "Persons." The
6431:
6370:
5589:
5549:
5499:
5312:
4499:
4284:
3587:
3445:
2094:
1547:
1224:
996:
81:
3954:
3924:
6360:
5653:
5612:
5459:
5302:
4929:
4894:
2004:
1739:
1700:
1343:
32:
An animation showing the free/slave status of U.S. states and territories, 1789–1861 (see separate yearly maps below). The
4491:
Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, at the First Session, Thirty-ninth Congress: Resolutions, committees, etc
4106:
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5444:
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5014:
4969:
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4834:
1781:
1418:
1078:
929:
725:
634:
6133:
5382:
4934:
4924:
4919:
4899:
4386:
3556:
3430:
3363:
3108:
3003:
2247:. As the population of the free states began to outstrip the population of the slave states, leading to control of the
1937:
1801:
1495:
1249:
2097:
passed easily in 1807 and took effect on January 1, 1808. However, the ban on importation spurred an expansion in the
5494:
5211:
5174:
4849:
4764:
4248:
4212:
3488:
3260:
3248:
2987:
2078:
2000:
1961:
1623:
1500:
924:
693:
560:
120:
108:
66:
6105:
5643:
5154:
5064:
4884:
4879:
4754:
3435:
2098:
1754:
964:
949:
895:
580:
570:
565:
394:
250:
3519:
1470:
5992:
5987:
5977:
5820:
5514:
4974:
4939:
4844:
4819:
4487:
4357:
3778:
3409:– the Unionist government that governed the limited territory then under Union control that had not left to form
3406:
3120:
3073:
2259:
By 1858, 17 free states, which included California (1850), and Minnesota (1858), outnumbered the 15 slave states.
2138:
1749:
1520:
326:
96:
or in the first decades of the new country, although this did not always mean that existing slaves became free.
6095:
5895:
5159:
4959:
4909:
4889:
4864:
4854:
4839:
4829:
4814:
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4759:
4749:
4559:
3116:
2217:
1219:
1207:
787:
599:
245:
123:
in 1861. Just before the Civil War, there were 19 free states and 15 slave states. The most recent free state,
2413:, but the admission of Kansas as a slave state was blocked because its proposed pro-slavery constitution (the
6140:
5693:
5367:
5246:
5241:
4954:
4859:
4799:
4774:
4744:
4734:
4466:
3802:
3355:
3335:, the California legislature abolished all forms of legal indenture and apprenticeship for Native Americans.
2999:
1981:
1791:
1574:
435:
2085:, Article 4, section 2, clause 3, for example, refers to a "Person held to Service or Labour." In addition,
6090:
5785:
5519:
5372:
5117:
5094:
5031:
4809:
4739:
4720:
4166:"Free State Slavery: Bound Indian Labor and Slave Trafficking in California's Sacramento Valley, 1850–1864"
3450:
3389:
In Southern states, freedom for slaves typically followed the Union army's gaining control of an area. The
1796:
1640:
1510:
1171:
919:
479:
447:
53:
4609:
166:
6421:
6258:
5733:
5564:
5397:
5184:
4944:
4636:"Kentucky supported Lincoln's efforts to abolish slavery – 111 years late | Lexington Herald-Leader"
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1806:
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1448:
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356:
176:
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3312:
platform, President Lincoln signed the law ending slavery in Utah Territory and all other territories.
3276:
3112:
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2186:
1929:
1715:
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1552:
1443:
639:
309:
93:
74:
70:
20:
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3104:
2486:
2471:
2123:
1811:
1710:
1241:
1229:
819:
792:
297:
3126:
2081:. As a compromise, slavery was acknowledged but never mentioned explicitly in the Constitution. The
5758:
5318:
3708:
Michael A. Morrison, "Westward the Curse of Empire: Texas Annexation and the American Whig Party".
3606:(1965), p. 15. "By 1775, inspired by those 'self-evident' truths which were to be expressed by the
3294:
2308:
2252:
the Union in opposite pairs to maintain the existing Senate balance between slave and free states.
1989:
1591:
1460:
1013:
802:
287:
188:
101:
6055:
3889:
2311:, created further north–south conflict. Although the settled portion of Texas was an area rich in
2224:), or committed to eliminating it, and half committed to continuing the institution indefinitely (
467:
107:
Slavery was a divisive issue in the United States. It was a major issue during the writing of the
5937:
5344:
5287:
3632:
3362:. The slave states that stayed in the Union – Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, and Kentucky (called
3077:
2394:
2130:
1776:
1515:
1465:
1393:
1166:
944:
888:
871:
302:
3992:
3251:, formed with land from two slave states, Maryland and Virginia, the trade was abolished by the
2189:
veterans granted land there. The 6 states created from the territory were all free states:
6305:
6278:
6202:
6085:
5792:
5387:
5351:
5009:
4643:
4014:
3379:
2456:
2414:
2244:
2225:
1905:, and with federal jurisdiction in the territories asserted by Congress, particularly with the
1849:
1818:
1323:
1064:
976:
824:
548:
514:
509:
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3256:
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399:
321:
292:
62:
4676:
The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government's Relations to Slavery
4488:
United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Reconstruction; United States. Congress (1866).
36:
began in 1861. The 13th Amendment, effective December 6, 1865, abolished slavery in the U.S.
6288:
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5912:
5544:
5179:
5044:
3624:
3383:
2520:
2423:
2240:
2178:
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1941:
1823:
1727:
1690:
1618:
1562:
1431:
1388:
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807:
587:
489:
373:
280:
4025:
2379:; and I want them all for the same reason – for the plantation and spreading of slavery".
8:
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and South America, leading to a rapid increase in population in the decades prior to the
1906:
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1030:
1001:
991:
881:
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797:
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452:
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225:
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over slavery. During the war, slavery was abolished in some of the slave states, and the
112:
89:
4045:
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3543:
Creating Black Americans: African-American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present
3481:
Creating Black Americans: African-American history and its meanings, 1619 to the present
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3255:. So as to avoid losing the profitable slave trading businesses in Alexandria (one was
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2885:
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1933:
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The Historical Atlas of the Congresses of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865
3229: Territory incorporated into the US after the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment
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2998:(1861–1865) disrupted and eventually ended slavery. Eleven slave states joined the
2637:
2417:) had not been approved in an honest election. Anti-slavery proponents during the "
2348:
2344:
2300:
2059:
1952:, the enslaved population in the colonies had a higher life expectancy than in the
1945:
1835:
1413:
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1373:
1338:
1306:
1276:
1149:
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1115:
1093:
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876:
844:
146:
2397:, which allowed white male settlers in the new territories to determine, by vote (
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debated slavery, and for a time slavery was a major impediment to passage of the
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1353:
1348:
1071:
1035:
834:
752:
457:
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United States Census Bureau (1850). "5. Slave Population of the United States".
3096:. Senator Carlile objected that Congress had no right to impose emancipation on
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1985:
1828:
1722:
614:
255:
213:
4684:
Slavery in the United States: A social, political, and historical encyclopedia
4181:
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Michael E. Woods, "The Compromise of 1850 and the Search for a Usable Past."
3410:
3286:
3167: Effective abolition of slavery by Mexican or joint US/British authority
3097:
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3037:
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2611:
2585:
2440:
in early 1861, Kansas was immediately admitted to the Union as a free state.
2016:
2012:
1977:
1917:
In the early years of the United States, a north-south divide became evident.
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900:
730:
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41:
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Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865
3498:
2058:
of 1820, the dividing line between the slave and free states was called the
80:
Slavery, in what would become the United States, was established as part of
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3135: Abolition of slavery during or shortly after the American Revolution
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28:
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4346:
West Virginia Legislature, House Concurrent Resolution 49, March 15, 2021
4228:
3801:
United States Census Bureau (1968). Cummings, John; Adna, Joseph (eds.).
3611:
3366:) – retained their representatives in the U.S. Congress. By the time the
2763:
2559:
2182:
2129:
One of the other compromises of the Constitution was the creation of the
2020:
1996:
1976:
or enslaved, in the colonies. Despite this, thousands of black Americans
1953:
1613:
1601:
954:
757:
747:
705:
519:
2122:
centuries, while some illegal smuggling of African slaves continued via
2101:, which remained legal until slavery was banned entirely in 1865 by the
6310:
6233:
5633:
5529:
4441:"Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864"
4233:
3713:
3511:
3395:
3348:
2507:
2368:
2174:
2067:
1973:
1902:
1761:
1058:
762:
629:
49:
19:"Slave state" redirects here. It may also refer to the kingdoms of the
5465:
3672:"Wolf by the Ears: The Missouri Crisis, 1819–1821 by John R. Van Atta"
3386:, which the Southern contingent had protected, was abolished in 1862.
2990:
states. Unshaded areas were not states before or during the Civil War.
6320:
6145:
2930:
2873:
2702:
2676:
2410:
2352:
2210:
2206:
2047:
1006:
671:
533:
4227:
Only Virginia, Tennessee and Texas held referendums to ratify their
3629:
The Road to Disunion, Volume II: Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861
688:
4401:"Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation"
3440:
3195: Subsequent operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
2833:
2823:
2803:
2793:
2741:
were to be preserved, and states were typically admitted in pairs:
2729:
2650:
2598:
2546:
2494:
2269:
2255:
2202:
2198:
2153:
2108:
2063:
2043:
1913:
1896:
1596:
1154:
1098:
1050:
710:
555:
410:
316:
3765:
The Slave Power: The Free North and Southern Domination, 1780–1860
2003:
demanding freedom. 5 Northern states adopted policies to at least
4264:
Eleven states had seceded, but Tennessee was under Union control.
3326:
While California's state constitution outlawed slavery, the 1850
2843:
2783:
2773:
2689:
2359:, 1856–57), with intentions to create new slave states. Parts of
2221:
2194:
1579:
661:
341:
158:
136:
97:
3301:
was Mexican territory. They ignored the Mexican ban on slavery.
5972:
3290:
3201: Abolition of slavery by state action during the Civil War
3130:
Abolition of slavery in the various states of the US over time:
3051:
3012:
2962:
2946:
2444:
2406:
2393:
In 1854, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was superseded by the
2133:
by which slave states acquired increased representation in the
1281:
1103:
683:
666:
528:
363:
331:
124:
4241:
Virginia: The New Dominion, a History from 1607 to the Present
3011:
with a commitment to gradual emancipation. The following year
6150:
5085:
Slave labor on United States military installations 1799–1863
4554:. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. p. 180.
4129:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
2863:
2813:
2282:
1972:
stood in contrast to the status of most black people, either
538:
524:
499:
4379:"Education from LVA: Convention Resolved to Abolish Slavery"
4070:
Magliari, Michael (August 2004). "Free Soil, Unfree Labor".
3754:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2006, ch. 1.
2315:
and dependent on slave labor, the territory acquired in the
3800:
3776:
2853:
2715:
2340:
2190:
405:
235:
16:
Historical division of United States by legality of slavery
4481:
3402:
1865, the state legislature approved immediate abolition.
3173: Exclusion of slavery by Congressional action, 1861
3107:
on January 1, 1863, which exempted from emancipation the
2982:
Division of states during the Civil War. Blue represents
2066:
and Pennsylvania), with its westward extension being the
1988:
the British, encouraged by offers of freedom such as the
3213: Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1865
3207: Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1864
3179: Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1862
2276:
of 1821, which specified that territory acquired in the
84:. By the 18th century, slavery was legal throughout the
3912:
Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia
3752:
Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era
2046:
was created as a slave state from Virginia (1792), and
4013:
3418:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
3084:
objected to the admission of a new slave state, while
2037:
Slavery in the United States#Abolitionism in the North
1924:
was established as a legal institution in each of the
133:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
3578:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. p.
3575:
The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery
3483:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–24.
3271:
Although it did not become a state until 1896, as an
1964:
began in the mid-18th century. The sentiments of the
5055:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
3305:
as consistent with the Mormon view on Black people.
3275:, Utah legalized slavery under the 1852 territorial
2285:, on August 19, 1821, was admitted as a free state.
2272:
should be admitted as a slave state resulted in the
2177:, which was regarded as a westward extension of the
2169:
was ratified, had prohibited slavery in the federal
1888:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
1536:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3985:"On This Day in West Virginia History – February 3"
3478:
5070:Slave markets and slave jails in the United States
3540:
2087:Article 1, section 9, clause 1 of the Constitution
4494:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 10–.
3293:pioneers had arrived in Utah in 1847, during the
3281:Act for the Relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners
2173:. The southern boundary of the territory was the
1928:, starting from 1619 onwards with the arrival of
127:, had entered the Union after its own years-long
6393:
5611:
5334:Movement to reopen the transatlantic slave trade
4719:
3804:Negro Population in the United States, 1790–1915
3461:History of slavery in the United States by state
3328:Act for the Government and Protection of Indians
2288:
1651:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
111:in 1787, the subject of political crises in the
54:slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade
5123:Slavery as a positive good in the United States
4548:Harrison, Lowell H.; Klotter, James C. (1997).
4547:
3015:, a free state in the West, was also admitted.
1995:In the 1770s, enslaved black people throughout
4078:(3). University of California Press: 349–390.
3832:"West Virginians Approve the Willey Amendment"
3345:End of slavery in the United States of America
2485:Free state immediate or gradual abolition and
1960:. Organized political and social movements to
5597:
5090:Slavery at American colleges and universities
4705:
4143:"NorCal Native Writes Of California Genocide"
2450:
1984:for a combination of reasons. Thousands also
1857:
5075:Kidnapping into slavery in the United States
4668:Bibliography of slavery in the United States
4024:. Lippincott, Grambo & Company. p.
2409:for admission as a slave state, paired with
1656:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
6111:Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands
5555:Family reunification ads after emancipation
4583:"Slavery in the Middle States (NJ, NY, PA)"
4107:"California's War On Indians, 1850 to 1851"
3571:
3338:
3308:On June 19, 1862, fulfilling a part of his
2303:(1845) and the acquisition of the vast new
6356:
5604:
5590:
5268:Slavery and the United States Constitution
4712:
4698:
4134:
1968:and the promise of equality evoked by the
1864:
1850:
6417:Expansion of slavery in the United States
6407:Historical geography of the United States
4140:
4043:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3223:to the US constitution, December 18, 1865
2181:. The territory was generally settled by
6427:Electoral geography of the United States
5358:Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution
4674:Don E. Fehrenbacher and Ward M. Mcafee;
4163:
4149:. Info is in the podcast. Archived from
4121:
4069:
4007:
3739:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
3125:
2977:
2728:
2421:" period of the later 1850s were called
2254:
2230:
2152:
2107:
2089:prohibited Congress from abolishing the
1912:
1895:
1661:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1526:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1506:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
100:— having declared its independence from
27:
5060:Indentured servitude in British America
3807:. New York: Arno Press. pp. 56–57.
3741:. Oxford University Press, 2003. p. 105
3669:
3596:
3535:
3375:for readmission of Confederate states.
135:, ratified in December 1865, abolished
6402:Political history of the United States
6394:
4633:
4358:"The Abolition of Slavery in Virginia"
4324:History of West Virginia: in two parts
4279:. Oxford University Press. p. 4.
4274:
4104:
3524:
3516:Slavery in Colonial America, 1619–1776
3472:
2474:, # and % of population in slaves
2405:. An effort was initiated to organize
2263:
61:states up to the 1840 census, and the
6412:Slavery in the United States by state
5585:
5500:Slavery during the American Civil War
5313:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
4693:
4320:
4309:Abolition in the District of Columbia
4044:Arrington, Benjamin (June 19, 2018).
3446:Slavery in the colonial United States
3189:as originally issued, January 1, 1863
2095:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
1548:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1225:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
6376:
3955:"African-Americans in West Virginia"
3547:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1999:began sending petitions to northern
1740:Slave marriages in the United States
1344:Human trafficking in the Middle East
6086:Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam
5505:End of slavery in the United States
4610:"Legislating Slavery in New Jersey"
4207:. Simon & Schuster. p. 7.
1079:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
13:
6101:Annexation of the Indian Territory
5383:John Quincy Adams and abolitionism
4661:
4634:Kocher, Greg (February 23, 2013).
4465:. January 11, 1865. Archived from
4131:. Oxford University Press, p. 114.
4063:
3914:, Greenwood, 2011, vol. 2, p. 922.
3821:, W. W. Norton, 2012, pp. 296–297.
3431:Border states (American Civil War)
3242:
2148:
2050:was created as a slave state from
1733:last survivors of American slavery
14:
6443:
5661:Tribal domestic dependent nations
5550:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
5495:Origins of the American Civil War
5202:African American founding fathers
5145:Education during the slave period
4607:
4427:"Reconstruction: A State Divided"
4277:Reconstruction: A Concise History
3266:
3103:President Lincoln had issued the
2431:, and fought against pro-slavery
2220:), prohibited it from the start (
694:Field slaves in the United States
561:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
6375:
6366:
6365:
6355:
6106:Treaty of the Danish West Indies
5298:History of slavery by U.S. state
5065:Slave trade in the United States
3857:"University of Virginia Library"
3436:Golden Circle (proposed country)
3111:(four slave states loyal to the
3067:
3062:
2363:were also coveted, with Senator
2165:of 1787, passed just before the
1881:
571:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
566:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
395:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
165:
4627:
4601:
4575:
4541:
4516:
4455:
4433:
4419:
4393:
4371:
4350:
4339:
4314:
4301:
4268:
4257:
4221:
4196:
4157:
4098:
4046:"The Significance of June 19th"
4037:
3977:
3947:
3917:
3904:
3874:
3849:
3824:
3811:
3794:
3780:Statistics of the United States
3770:
3757:
3744:
3731:
3718:
3407:Restored Government of Virginia
2333:
1944:. Due to a lower prevalence of
1521:Committee of Experts on Slavery
1072:East, Southeast, and South Asia
121:cause of the American Civil War
5160:List of American slave traders
5040:Slavery among Native Americans
4238:
4141:Exchange Team, The Jefferson.
3702:
3663:
3646:"LIBERTY! Northwest Ordinance"
3638:
3618:
3565:
3505:
3358:, and were represented in the
3263:had been seeking for decades.
2307:territories (1848), after the
1220:Slave raiding in Easter Island
139:throughout the United States.
1:
5368:George Washington and slavery
5247:American Colonization Society
5242:African-American slave owners
3710:Journal of the Early Republic
3676:Journal of the Early Republic
3466:
3356:Confederate States of America
3315:
2289:Texas and the Mexican Cession
6432:Slavery in the United States
6158:Slave states and free states
5613:Regions of the United States
5373:Thomas Jefferson and slavery
5118:American proslavery movement
5080:Slave states and free states
4721:Slavery in the United States
4463:"Missouri abolishes slavery"
4321:Lewis, Virgil Anson (1889).
3786:. Suitland-Silver Hill, MD:
3726:Journal of the Civil War Era
3479:Painter, Nell Irvin (2006).
3451:Slavery in the United States
2973:
1511:Temporary Slavery Commission
1172:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
7:
6269:International border states
5398:Abraham Lincoln and slavery
4239:Dabney, Virginius. (1983).
4203:Martis, Kenneth C. (1994).
4202:
3788:United States Census Bureau
3608:Declaration of Independence
3424:
2319:did not seem hospitable to
2141:equivalent to 60% of their
1970:Declaration of Independence
1531:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
576:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
10:
6448:
6296:Red states and blue states
5472:Children of the plantation
5403:Andrew Johnson and slavery
5393:Zachary Taylor and slavery
5339:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
5308:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
5273:American slave court cases
5237:Amerindian slave ownership
4665:
4243:. Doubleday. p. 296.
4164:Magliari, Michael (2012).
4147:JPR Jefferson Public Radio
3342:
3322:Forced labor in California
3319:
3277:Act in Relation to Service
2619:1783–1800, Free 1857 – 0%
2451:Slave and free state pairs
2386:
2292:
2187:American Revolutionary War
1885:
1876:
1716:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1553:Anti-Slavery International
1318:North Africa and West Asia
75:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
71:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
18:
6351:
6226:
6170:
6119:
6014:
6005:
5963:
5903:
5894:
5818:
5732:
5674:
5626:
5619:
5525:Emancipation Proclamation
5485:
5450:Sexual relations and rape
5428:
5378:James Madison and slavery
5260:
5108:
5030:
5023:
5002:
4988:
4727:
4551:A New History of Kentucky
4275:Guelzo, Allen C. (2018).
4190:10.1525/phr.2012.81.2.155
4182:10.1525/phr.2012.81.2.155
4170:Pacific Historical Review
4084:10.1525/phr.2004.73.3.349
4072:Pacific Historical Review
3925:"West Virginia Statehood"
3391:Emancipation Proclamation
3368:Emancipation Proclamation
3333:Emancipation Proclamation
3187:Emancipation Proclamation
3145:(slavery excluded), 1787
3105:Emancipation Proclamation
2447:as a free state in 1859.
2382:
2268:Controversy over whether
2075:Constitutional Convention
2005:gradually abolish slavery
1892:Abolitionism in the North
1812:Emancipation Proclamation
1484:Opposition and resistance
1242:Sex trafficking in Europe
1230:Blackbirding in Polynesia
793:Trans-Saharan slave trade
5510:Compensated emancipation
4407:. University of Maryland
4111:Native American Netroots
4105:Ojibwa (March 2, 2015).
3670:Mueller, Ken S. (2017).
3339:End of non-penal slavery
3072:During the Civil War, a
3042:(gradual abolition plan)
2249:House of Representatives
2135:House of Representatives
1990:Philipsburg Proclamation
1592:Compensated emancipation
803:Indian Ocean slave trade
69:, as implemented by the
5345:Partus sequitur ventrem
5288:Three-fifths Compromise
4686:(2 vol Abc-clio, 2007).
4614:Princeton & Slavery
4127:Pritzker, Barry. 2000,
3633:Oxford University Press
3520:excerpt and text search
2375:, and one or two other
1516:1926 Slavery Convention
1272:Germany in World War II
889:North and South America
411:Contract of manumission
5420:Supreme Court Justices
5388:John Tyler and slavery
5363:Presidents and slavery
5352:Dred Scott v. Sandford
4015:John Williams Gunnison
3231:
2991:
2734:
2415:Lecompton Constitution
2260:
2236:
2158:
2118:
1918:
1910:
997:British Virgin Islands
549:Circassian slave trade
515:Safavid imperial harem
510:Ottoman Imperial Harem
37:
5943:Appalachian Highlands
5918:Intermontane Plateaus
5654:Minor Outlying Island
5293:Slave and free states
5283:Fugitive Slave Clause
5197:List of abolitionists
5050:Slavery in New France
4682:Rodriguez, Junius P.
4524:"Slavery in Delaware"
4153:on November 14, 2019.
3763:Leonard L. Richards,
3712:10#2 (1990): 221–249
3688:10.1353/jer.2017.0011
3398:, slaves were freed.
3257:Franklin and Armfield
3239:on February 3, 1865.
3129:
2981:
2732:
2457:admitted to the Union
2293:Further information:
2258:
2234:
2156:
2111:
2091:importation of slaves
2083:Fugitive Slave Clause
1932:enslaved Africans in
1916:
1899:
1236:Europe and North Asia
1196:Australia and Oceania
896:Pre-Columbian America
468:Slave raid of Suðuroy
400:Slavery in al-Andalus
322:Black Sea slave trade
251:21st-century jihadism
82:European colonization
63:Fugitive Slave Clause
31:
5639:District of Columbia
5319:Gag rule (1836–1840)
5180:Underground Railroad
5155:Domestic slave trade
5140:Mandatory illiteracy
5045:Slavery in New Spain
4996:District of Columbia
4405:www.freedmen.umd.edu
4383:edu.lva.virginia.gov
3965:on December 31, 2013
3910:Alton Hornsby, Jr.,
3737:McPherson, James M.
3728:9.3 (2019): 438–456.
3635:, 2007, pp. 168–185.
3625:William W. Freehling
3572:Foner, Eric (2010).
3384:District of Columbia
3360:Confederate Congress
3295:Mexican–American War
3249:District of Columbia
3221:Thirteenth Amendment
2309:Mexican–American War
2099:domestic slave trade
1942:Atlantic slave trade
1691:Indentured servitude
1619:Underground Railroad
1419:United Arab Emirates
808:Zanzibar slave trade
775:By country or region
588:Atlantic slave trade
490:Ma malakat aymanukum
374:Venetian slave trade
119:and was the primary
56:were legal, while a
6081:Newlands Resolution
6036:Southwest Territory
6031:Northwest Territory
5540:Radical Republicans
5487:Civil War and after
5415:Members of Congress
5232:List of plantations
5015:U.S. Virgin Islands
4429:. January 23, 2014.
3537:Painter, Nell Irvin
3303:They viewed slavery
3273:organized territory
3159:Missouri Compromise
3143:Northwest Ordinance
3074:Unionist government
2399:popular sovereignty
2395:Kansas–Nebraska Act
2274:Missouri Compromise
2264:Missouri Compromise
2171:Northwest Territory
2163:Northwest Ordinance
2131:Three-Fifths Clause
2114:Missouri Compromise
2056:Missouri Compromise
2029:Republic of Vermont
1966:American Revolution
1958:American Revolution
1907:Northwest Ordinance
1777:Slave Route Project
908:Americas indigenous
798:Red Sea slave trade
788:Contemporary Africa
651:Topics and practice
421:Crimean slave trade
416:Bukhara slave trade
369:Genoese slave trade
246:Contemporary Africa
226:Forced prostitution
113:Missouri Compromise
6422:Regional rivalries
6178:Atlantic Northeast
6091:Cession of Tutuila
6041:Louisiana Purchase
5938:Interior Highlands
5666:Maritime territory
5535:Reconstruction era
4443:. November 1, 1864
4389:on March 30, 2016.
4327:. pp. 379–380
4117:on April 13, 2019.
3995:on October 8, 2014
3892:on August 14, 2017
3882:"Willey Amendment"
3767:(LSU Press, 2000).
3253:Compromise of 1850
3232:
3078:Wheeling, Virginia
2996:American Civil War
2992:
2886:Compromise of 1850
2735:
2367:declaring "I want
2328:Compromise of 1850
2313:cotton plantations
2301:admission of Texas
2278:Louisiana Purchase
2261:
2237:
2159:
2119:
1938:indigenous peoples
1919:
1911:
1558:Blockade of Africa
865:Somali slave trade
781:Sub-Saharan Africa
473:Turkish Abductions
431:Khivan slave trade
426:Khazar slave trade
379:Balkan slave trade
337:Prague slave trade
117:Compromise of 1850
38:
34:American Civil War
6389:
6388:
6198:Pacific Northwest
6188:Columbia District
6166:
6165:
6096:Cession of Manu'a
6056:Adams–Onís Treaty
6026:Thirteen Colonies
6001:
6000:
5928:Laurentian Upland
5890:
5889:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5545:Freedmen's Bureau
4501:978-0-598-67518-7
4469:on April 25, 2012
4307:American Memory "
4286:978-0-19-086569-6
3790:. pp. 82–84.
3750:Nicole Etcheson.
3589:978-0-19-513755-2
3289:and his group of
3094:Waitman T. Willey
3060:
3059:
3043:
2971:
2970:
2882:
2881:
2727:
2726:
2167:U.S. Constitution
2139:Electoral College
1946:tropical diseases
1926:Thirteen Colonies
1874:
1873:
1824:Freedmen's Bureau
1646:Third Servile War
1641:International law
1208:Human trafficking
970:Human trafficking
645:Thirteen colonies
463:Sack of Baltimore
231:Human trafficking
109:U.S. Constitution
94:Revolutionary War
86:Thirteen Colonies
67:U.S. Constitution
6439:
6379:
6378:
6369:
6368:
6359:
6358:
6061:Texas annexation
6046:Gadsden Purchase
6012:
6011:
5913:Pacific Mountain
5901:
5900:
5624:
5623:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5583:
5582:
5261:Law and politics
5185:Freedmen's towns
5165:Runaway slave ad
5028:
5027:
4990:Federal district
4714:
4707:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4642:. Archived from
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4587:Encyclopedia.com
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4385:. Archived from
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4354:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4318:
4312:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4272:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4138:
4132:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4113:. Archived from
4102:
4096:
4095:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3991:. Archived from
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3961:. Archived from
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3935:on March 7, 2007
3931:. Archived from
3921:
3915:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3888:. Archived from
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3828:
3822:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3785:
3774:
3768:
3761:
3755:
3748:
3742:
3735:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3642:
3636:
3622:
3616:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3546:
3533:
3522:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3476:
3228:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3156:
3150:
3140:
3134:
3041:
3018:
3017:
2891:
2890:
2744:
2743:
2671:1784–1840s – 0%
2645:1799–1840s – 0%
2567:1784–1840s – 0%
2541:1780–1840s – 0%
2515:1804–65 – 0.01%
2462:
2461:
2349:Ostend Manifesto
2345:Lopez Expedition
2179:Mason-Dixon line
2079:new constitution
2060:Mason-Dixon line
1930:"twenty and odd"
1866:
1859:
1852:
1836:Emancipation Day
1669:
1636:Slave Trade Acts
327:Byzantine Empire
169:
142:
141:
115:of 1820 and the
6447:
6446:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6347:
6274:Mariana Islands
6222:
6203:Prairie Pothole
6183:The Californias
6162:
6115:
6076:Alaska Purchase
6071:Mexican Cession
6019:
5997:
5959:
5933:Interior Plains
5923:Rocky Mountains
5886:
5825:
5822:
5814:
5786:Middle Atlantic
5728:
5694:Hawaii–Aleutian
5670:
5615:
5610:
5580:
5571:
5560:Freedmen's town
5481:
5460:Slave marriages
5433:and procreation
5432:
5430:
5424:
5410:Vice presidents
5324:Nullifier Party
5303:Fugitive slaves
5256:
5252:Slave narrative
5190:Black Canadians
5110:
5104:
5019:
4998:
4984:
4723:
4718:
4670:
4664:
4662:Further reading
4659:
4649:
4647:
4646:on July 2, 2018
4632:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4608:Smith, Geneva.
4606:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4589:. July 16, 2020
4581:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4502:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4319:
4315:
4306:
4302:
4287:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4201:
4197:
4162:
4158:
4139:
4135:
4126:
4122:
4103:
4099:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4042:
4038:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3909:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3816:
3812:
3799:
3795:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3745:
3736:
3732:
3723:
3719:
3707:
3703:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3623:
3619:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3534:
3525:
3510:
3506:
3491:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3427:
3373:Abraham Lincoln
3351:
3341:
3324:
3318:
3269:
3245:
3243:Washington D.C.
3230:
3226:
3224:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3090:John S. Carlile
3070:
3065:
3040:
2976:
2723:Free 1787 – 0%
2710:331,726 – 46.9%
2697:Free 1777 – 0%
2684:275,719 – 24.8%
2658:225,483 – 19.5%
2632:331,059 – 33.4%
2606:490,865 – 30.7%
2593:Free 1783 – 0%
2580:402,406 – 57.2%
2528:462,198 – 43.7%
2453:
2433:Border Ruffians
2419:Bleeding Kansas
2403:bloody fighting
2391:
2389:Bleeding Kansas
2385:
2361:Northern Mexico
2336:
2326:As part of the
2305:Mexican Cession
2297:
2291:
2266:
2151:
2149:New territories
2143:disenfranchised
1962:abolish slavery
1894:
1884:
1879:
1870:
1841:
1840:
1745:Slave narrative
1701:Fugitive slaves
1681:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1631:Slave rebellion
1486:
1476:
1475:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1246:United Kingdom
1182:Yankee princess
776:
768:
767:
495:Avret Pazarları
441:Avret Pazarları
310:Medieval Europe
276:
266:
265:
204:Forced marriage
179:
44:before 1865, a
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6445:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6373:
6363:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6218:Virgin Islands
6215:
6213:Sonoran Desert
6210:
6208:Samoan Islands
6205:
6200:
6195:
6193:Oregon Country
6190:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6172:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6125:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6051:Treaty of 1818
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5948:Atlantic Plain
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5828:
5826:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5738:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5628:
5621:
5620:Administrative
5617:
5616:
5609:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5586:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:Colored Troops
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5462:
5457:
5455:Slave breeding
5452:
5447:
5445:Female slavery
5442:
5440:Sexual slavery
5436:
5434:
5431:sexual slavery
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5150:Slave quarters
5147:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5111:social history
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5034:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4930:South Carolina
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4895:North Carolina
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4666:Main article:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4626:
4600:
4574:
4560:
4540:
4528:Slavenorth.com
4515:
4500:
4480:
4454:
4432:
4418:
4392:
4370:
4349:
4338:
4313:
4300:
4285:
4267:
4256:
4249:
4220:
4213:
4195:
4156:
4133:
4120:
4097:
4062:
4036:
4006:
3976:
3946:
3916:
3903:
3873:
3848:
3823:
3810:
3793:
3769:
3756:
3743:
3730:
3717:
3701:
3662:
3637:
3617:
3595:
3588:
3564:
3558:978-0195137569
3557:
3523:
3504:
3489:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3456:Wilmot Proviso
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3426:
3423:
3340:
3337:
3320:Main article:
3317:
3314:
3299:Utah Territory
3268:
3267:Utah Territory
3265:
3244:
3241:
3237:13th Amendment
3225:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3153:
3147:
3137:
3131:
3082:Charles Sumner
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2625:North Carolina
2621:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2573:South Carolina
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2554:87,189 – 12.7%
2552:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2452:
2449:
2387:Main article:
2384:
2381:
2377:Mexican States
2357:Filibuster War
2335:
2332:
2295:Wilmot Proviso
2290:
2287:
2265:
2262:
2183:New Englanders
2150:
2147:
2103:13th Amendment
2052:North Carolina
2042:In the South,
2033:Atlantic World
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1723:List of slaves
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1267:Dutch Republic
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
917:
916:
915:
905:
904:
903:
892:
891:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
868:
867:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
811:
810:
800:
795:
790:
784:
783:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
739:
738:
734:
733:
728:
726:Child soldiers
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
702:
701:
691:
686:
681:
676:
675:
674:
669:
664:
653:
652:
648:
647:
642:
637:
635:Spanish Empire
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:Middle Passage
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
590:
584:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
445:
444:
443:
436:Ottoman Empire
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
391:
390:
384:
383:
382:
381:
371:
366:
361:
360:
359:
354:
349:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
313:
312:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
283:
277:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
258:
256:Sexual slavery
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
222:
221:
216:
214:Child marriage
211:
201:
196:
191:
189:Child soldiers
186:
180:
175:
174:
171:
170:
162:
161:
151:
150:
90:rebel colonies
88:, after which
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6444:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6382:
6374:
6372:
6364:
6362:
6354:
6353:
6350:
6344:
6343:Upper Midwest
6341:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6264:Intermountain
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6134:Border states
6132:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6066:Oregon Treaty
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5905:Physiographic
5902:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5817:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5607:
5602:
5600:
5595:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5477:Shadow family
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:Freedom suits
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:Planter class
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Slave catcher
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4970:West Virginia
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:New Hampshire
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:Massachusetts
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4715:
4710:
4708:
4703:
4701:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4615:
4611:
4604:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4563:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4544:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4442:
4436:
4428:
4422:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4342:
4326:
4325:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4271:
4265:
4260:
4252:
4250:9780813910154
4246:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4216:
4214:0-02-920170-5
4210:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4124:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4051:
4050:We're History
4047:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4010:
3994:
3990:
3989:wvculture.org
3986:
3980:
3964:
3960:
3959:wvculture.org
3956:
3950:
3934:
3930:
3929:wvculture.org
3926:
3920:
3913:
3907:
3891:
3887:
3886:wvculture.org
3883:
3877:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3837:
3836:wvculture.org
3833:
3827:
3820:
3817:James Oakes,
3814:
3806:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3766:
3760:
3753:
3747:
3740:
3734:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3615:precipitate."
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3490:0-19-513755-8
3486:
3482:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3411:West Virginia
3408:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:June 19, 1865
3392:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:U.S. Congress
3376:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3364:border states
3361:
3357:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3310:1860 campaign
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3287:Brigham Young
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3261:abolitionists
3258:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3222:
3188:
3160:
3144:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3109:border states
3106:
3101:
3099:
3098:West Virginia
3095:
3091:
3087:
3086:Benjamin Wade
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:West Virginia
3063:Special cases
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3038:West Virginia
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:West Virginia
3005:
3004:border states
3001:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:New Hampshire
2610:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Massachusetts
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:Mountain West
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:in 1784. The
2026:
2022:
2019:in 1783, and
2018:
2017:Massachusetts
2014:
2013:New Hampshire
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:Patriot cause
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1882:Early history
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Slave catcher
1765:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:Forced labour
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:Abolitionists
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
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1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:comfort women
1141:
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1131:
1127:
1126:Chukri System
1124:
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1034:
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1021:
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1017:
1015:
1014:Latin America
1012:
1008:
1005:
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1000:
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995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
971:
968:
966:
965:interregional
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
950:prison labour
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
920:United States
918:
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910:
909:
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902:
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761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
736:
735:
732:
731:White slavery
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:Slave raiding
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
689:Corvée labour
687:
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537:
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518:
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511:
508:
506:
505:Abbasid harem
503:
501:
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493:
491:
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486:
483:
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481:
478:
474:
471:
469:
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451:
450:
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448:Barbary Coast
446:
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429:
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156:
155:Forced labour
153:
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68:
64:
59:
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47:
43:
42:United States
35:
30:
26:
22:
6338:Southwestern
6301:Southeastern
6284:Northwestern
6254:Great Plains
6249:Four Corners
6157:
6017:Acquisitions
5649:Insular area
5464:
5350:
5343:
5212:Field slaves
5175:Abolitionism
5109:Cultural and
5100:Bibliography
5079:
4935:South Dakota
4925:Rhode Island
4920:Pennsylvania
4900:North Dakota
4683:
4675:
4648:. Retrieved
4644:the original
4640:Kentucky.com
4639:
4629:
4617:. Retrieved
4613:
4603:
4591:. Retrieved
4586:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4550:
4543:
4531:. Retrieved
4527:
4518:
4490:
4483:
4473:November 18,
4471:. Retrieved
4467:the original
4457:
4447:November 18,
4445:. Retrieved
4435:
4421:
4411:November 26,
4409:. Retrieved
4404:
4395:
4387:the original
4382:
4373:
4363:November 21,
4361:. Retrieved
4352:
4341:
4331:November 24,
4329:. Retrieved
4323:
4316:
4303:
4276:
4270:
4259:
4240:
4232:
4223:
4204:
4198:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4151:the original
4146:
4136:
4128:
4123:
4115:the original
4110:
4100:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4053:. Retrieved
4049:
4039:
4029:
4019:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3993:the original
3988:
3979:
3967:. Retrieved
3963:the original
3958:
3949:
3937:. Retrieved
3933:the original
3928:
3919:
3911:
3906:
3894:. Retrieved
3890:the original
3885:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3861:virginia.edu
3860:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3835:
3826:
3818:
3813:
3803:
3796:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3759:
3751:
3746:
3738:
3733:
3725:
3720:
3709:
3704:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:
3640:
3628:
3620:
3612:manumissions
3603:
3598:
3574:
3567:
3542:
3515:
3507:
3480:
3474:
3415:
3404:
3400:
3388:
3377:
3352:
3325:
3307:
3285:
3279:and similar
3270:
3246:
3233:
3102:
3071:
3002:, while the
2993:
2894:Slave states
2883:
2747:Slave states
2736:
2664:Rhode Island
2534:Pennsylvania
2502:1,798 – 1.6%
2465:Slave States
2454:
2442:
2437:
2429:Free-Soilers
2428:
2424:Free-Staters
2422:
2392:
2365:Albert Brown
2351:, 1852) and
2337:
2334:Last battles
2325:
2323:or slavery.
2298:
2267:
2238:
2215:
2209:(1848), and
2160:
2128:
2124:Spanish Cuba
2120:
2072:
2041:
2025:Rhode Island
2009:Pennsylvania
2001:legislatures
1994:
1920:
1772:Slave patrol
1609:Freedom suit
1585:Sierra Leone
1575:Colonization
1491:Abolitionism
1471:Baháʼí Faith
1444:Christianity
1394:Saudi Arabia
1250:Penal Labour
1215:Blackbirding
1121:Debt bondage
1109:penal system
939:
935:Contemporary
925:Field slaves
913:U.S. Natives
872:South Africa
743:Galley slave
716:Slave market
706:House slaves
679:Blackbirding
657:Conscription
581:21st century
544:Umm al-walad
388:Muslim world
357:Emancipation
261:Wage slavery
241:Penal labour
219:Wife selling
209:Bride buying
194:Conscription
184:Child Labour
177:Contemporary
129:bloody fight
106:
79:
57:
45:
39:
25:
6259:High Plains
6141:Confederacy
5983:Great Lakes
5808:W S Central
5803:E S Central
5781:New England
5769:W N Central
5764:E N Central
5329:Fire-Eaters
5222:Task system
5217:Gang system
5207:Plantations
5010:Puerto Rico
5003:Territories
4850:Mississippi
4765:Connecticut
4650:January 21,
4567:October 16,
4533:January 21,
3999:December 7,
3969:December 7,
3939:December 7,
3896:December 7,
3866:December 7,
3841:December 7,
3682:: 173–175.
3604:Black Codes
3021:Slave state
3000:Confederacy
2988:Confederate
2902:Free states
2764:Mississippi
2755:Free states
2560:Connecticut
2479:Free States
2021:Connecticut
1997:New England
1954:West Indies
1948:and better
1936:. Although
1787:court cases
1664: [
1614:Slave Power
1602:Manumission
1449:Catholicism
1324:Afghanistan
1065:Puerto Rico
977:The Bahamas
955:Slave codes
758:Shanghaiing
748:Impressment
640:Slave Coast
520:Qajar harem
480:Concubinage
453:slave trade
46:slave state
21:Slave Coast
6396:Categories
6234:Appalachia
6007:Historical
5798:S Atlantic
5676:Time zones
5634:U.S. state
5530:Juneteenth
5515:Contraband
4965:Washington
4885:New Mexico
4880:New Jersey
4755:California
4561:0813126215
4229:Fire-Eater
4176:(2): 190.
4031:priesthood
3512:Betty Wood
3467:References
3349:Juneteenth
3343:See also:
3316:California
3157: The
3141: The
3029:Free state
2916:California
2508:New Jersey
2369:Tamaulipas
2175:Ohio River
2068:Ohio River
1978:fought for
1886:See also:
1802:J.Q. Adams
1792:Washington
1762:Slave name
1711:convention
1686:Common law
1059:Encomienda
855:Seychelles
840:Mauritania
763:Slave ship
630:Panyarring
625:New France
274:Historical
58:free state
23:in Africa.
6146:Old South
6121:Civil War
5953:Tidewater
5821:Courts of
5776:Northeast
5644:Territory
5429:Marriage,
5128:Treatment
4975:Wisconsin
4940:Tennessee
4845:Minnesota
4820:Louisiana
4295:999309004
4234:viva voce
4092:212441173
3696:151453560
3121:Jefferson
3007:state of
2974:Civil War
2931:Minnesota
2874:Wisconsin
2703:Louisiana
2677:Tennessee
2482:Statehood
2468:Statehood
2411:Minnesota
2353:Nicaragua
2218:Northeast
2211:Minnesota
2207:Wisconsin
2073:The 1787
2062:(between
2048:Tennessee
2011:in 1780,
1950:treatment
1797:Jefferson
1454:Mormonism
1389:Palestine
1203:Australia
1133:Indonesia
1024:Lei Áurea
1007:Code Noir
987:Caribbean
960:Treatment
699:Treatment
672:Devshirme
534:Odalisque
352:In Russia
293:Babylonia
281:Antiquity
52:in which
6371:Category
6306:Southern
6289:Cascadia
6279:Northern
5896:Physical
5752:Mountain
5724:Atlantic
5709:Mountain
5684:Chamorro
5095:Glossary
4960:Virginia
4910:Oklahoma
4890:New York
4865:Nebraska
4855:Missouri
4840:Michigan
4830:Maryland
4815:Kentucky
4795:Illinois
4770:Delaware
4760:Colorado
4750:Arkansas
4619:June 19,
4593:June 19,
4510:17596217
4088:ProQuest
4017:(1852).
3602:Wilson,
3539:(2006).
3499:57722517
3441:Quilombo
3425:See also
3117:Berkeley
2834:Michigan
2824:Arkansas
2804:Missouri
2794:Illinois
2651:Kentucky
2638:New York
2599:Virginia
2547:Maryland
2495:Delaware
2489: %
2438:en masse
2270:Missouri
2213:(1858).
2205:(1837),
2203:Michigan
2201:(1818),
2199:Illinois
2197:(1816),
2193:(1803),
2064:Maryland
2044:Kentucky
1934:Virginia
1909:of 1787.
1829:Iron bit
1819:40 acres
1782:breeding
1597:Freedman
1432:Religion
1292:Portugal
1177:Thailand
1167:Maldives
1162:Malaysia
1155:Kwalliso
1099:Booi Aha
1051:Restavek
1031:Colombia
1002:Trinidad
992:Barbados
882:Zanzibar
830:Ethiopia
711:Saqaliba
605:Database
556:Saqaliba
317:Ancillae
147:a series
145:Part of
73:and the
6381:Commons
6244:Eastern
6239:Central
6171:Divided
5965:Coastal
5823:appeals
5759:Midwest
5747:Pacific
5719:Eastern
5714:Central
5704:Pacific
5466:Plaçage
5032:History
4980:Wyoming
4955:Vermont
4860:Montana
4800:Indiana
4780:Georgia
4775:Florida
4745:Arizona
4735:Alabama
4055:June 9,
3655:July 5,
3518:(2013)
3297:, when
3247:In the
2844:Florida
2784:Alabama
2774:Indiana
2690:Vermont
2521:Georgia
2222:Midwest
2195:Indiana
1922:Slavery
1877:History
1807:Lincoln
1680:Related
1580:Liberia
1466:Judaism
1404:Tunisia
1379:Morocco
1369:Lebanon
1334:Bahrain
1329:Algeria
1297:Romania
1262:Denmark
1255:Slavery
1189:Vietnam
860:Somalia
850:Nigeria
825:Comoros
753:Pirates
662:Ghilman
595:Bristol
485:history
458:pirates
347:History
236:Peonage
159:slavery
137:slavery
102:Britain
98:Vermont
65:of the
40:In the
6331:Upland
5973:Arctic
5734:Census
5699:Alaska
5315:(1808)
5133:Health
5024:Topics
4915:Oregon
4870:Nevada
4810:Kansas
4785:Hawaii
4740:Alaska
4728:States
4678:(2002)
4558:
4508:
4498:
4293:
4283:
4247:
4211:
4188:
4090:
3714:online
3694:
3586:
3555:
3497:
3487:
3291:Mormon
3227:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3161:, 1821
3155:
3149:
3139:
3133:
3052:Nevada
3013:Nevada
2963:Kansas
2947:Oregon
2445:Oregon
2407:Kansas
2383:Kansas
2373:Potosi
2355:(see:
2343:(see:
2321:cotton
2241:Senate
2117:line).
1986:joined
1728:owners
1364:Kuwait
1359:Jordan
1312:Sweden
1302:Russia
1287:Poland
1282:Norway
1104:Laogai
1089:Brunei
1084:Bhutan
1046:revolt
1019:Brazil
982:Canada
945:partus
930:female
815:Angola
684:Coolie
667:Mamluk
620:Nantes
600:Brazil
529:Cariye
364:Thrall
332:Kholop
298:Greece
125:Kansas
48:was a
6326:Solid
6227:Other
6151:Dixie
6129:Union
5793:South
5689:Samoa
5627:Units
4945:Texas
4825:Maine
4790:Idaho
4186:JSTOR
3784:(PDF)
3692:S2CID
3551:–72.
3113:Union
3056:1864
3032:Year
2984:Union
2967:1861
2951:1859
2935:1858
2919:1850
2905:Year
2878:1848
2864:Texas
2858:1846
2838:1837
2818:1820
2814:Maine
2798:1818
2778:1816
2758:Year
2739:Union
2283:Maine
2245:South
2226:South
1903:state
1755:songs
1750:films
1668:]
1624:songs
1461:Islam
1439:Bible
1414:Yemen
1409:Qatar
1399:Syria
1374:Libya
1339:Egypt
1307:Spain
1277:Malta
1150:Korea
1138:Japan
1116:India
1094:China
1041:Haiti
901:Aztec
877:Sudan
845:Niger
737:Naval
610:Dutch
539:Qiyan
525:Jarya
500:Harem
342:Serfs
288:Egypt
50:state
6361:List
6311:Deep
5993:East
5988:Gulf
5978:West
5882:11th
5877:10th
5742:West
5565:list
4950:Utah
4905:Ohio
4805:Iowa
4652:2017
4621:2020
4595:2020
4569:2016
4556:ISBN
4535:2017
4506:OCLC
4496:ISBN
4475:2012
4449:2012
4413:2019
4365:2021
4333:2021
4291:OCLC
4281:ISBN
4245:ISBN
4209:ISBN
4057:2022
4021:Them
4001:2015
3971:2015
3941:2015
3898:2015
3868:2015
3843:2015
3657:2020
3584:ISBN
3553:ISBN
3495:OCLC
3485:ISBN
3405:The
3378:The
3347:and
3119:and
3092:and
3046:1863
3024:Year
2994:The
2897:Year
2868:1845
2854:Iowa
2848:1845
2828:1836
2808:1821
2788:1819
2768:1817
2750:Year
2720:1803
2716:Ohio
2707:1812
2694:1791
2681:1796
2668:1790
2655:1792
2642:1788
2629:1789
2616:1788
2603:1788
2590:1788
2577:1788
2564:1788
2551:1788
2538:1787
2525:1788
2512:1787
2499:1787
2487:1860
2472:1860
2427:and
2347:and
2341:Cuba
2299:The
2191:Ohio
2185:and
2161:The
2137:and
2112:The
2023:and
2015:and
1980:the
1974:free
1890:and
1706:laws
1568:U.S.
1563:U.K.
1501:U.S.
1496:U.K.
1384:Oman
1354:Iraq
1349:Iran
1036:Cuba
940:maps
835:Mali
820:Chad
406:Baqt
303:Rome
199:Debt
157:and
6321:New
6316:Mid
5872:9th
5867:8th
5862:7th
5857:6th
5852:5th
5847:4th
5842:3rd
5837:2nd
5832:1st
4178:doi
4080:doi
4026:143
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3650:PBS
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