1785:
43:
1801:
1777:
2862:
2872:
1769:
1758:
2013:
The average import of slaves into
Bussorah is 2000 head - in some years the numbers have reached 3000, but for the year 1836, owing, it is supposed, to the discouragement which the traffic has sustained from the iman of Muscat, no more than 1000 slaves were imported. Of the slaves imported, one half
2069:
in 1917, the
British liberated 80 enslaved Armenian girls from Muslim households, and in 1919, the British reported that there were around 1000 Armenians in Baghdad and that their number increased all the time when more enslaved Armenian girls and children were liberated from various Arab households
2052:
Slaves in Islam were mainly directed at the service sector – concubines and cooks, porters and soldiers – with slavery itself primarily a form of consumption rather than a factor of production. The most telling evidence for this is found in the gender ratio; among
2073:
After the truce, the
Ottoman government in Constantinople ordered the local governors in the Ottoman Empire to localise (enslaved) Christian women and children and hand them over to Christian bodies. Egyptian Armenians organized squads to resque enslaved Armenians from Beduins in Syria and
1793:
1932:
Slaves were transported in the 9th-century from the Red Sea slave trade to Jeddah, Mecca and Medina, and by caravan over the desert to
Baghdad; as well as via the Indian Ocean slave trade by boat through the Persian Gulf to Ras al Khymah, Dubai, Bandrar Abbas, Bushine and Basra.
2014:
is usually sent to the
Muntefick town on the Euphrates, named Sook-ess-Shookh, from whence they are pread all over Southern Mesopotamia, and Eastern Syria; a quarter are exported directly to Baghdad and the remainder are disposed of in the Bussorah Market.
1541:
2022:
in 1915-1923, many
Armenians, primarily women, girls and boys under the age of twelve, were enslaved ny Muslims in Ottoman Syria and Iraq. Armenian girls and children where sold from Syria to harems and brothels in Ottoman Iraq, such as Baghdad.
1924:
Iraq was the center of the
Abbasid Caliphate, were slavery played a major part. The slave trade had been big also during the Umayyad Caliphate, but then, it had been fueled by war captives and people enslaved as tax levy, but during the
2827:
2053:
slaves traded in
Islamic empire across the centuries, there were roughly two females to every male. Outside of explicit sexual slavery, most female slaves had domestic occupations. Often, this also included
1948:, as well as from Africa and Asia. Contemporary writers in the late 9th-century estimated that there were around 300,000 slaves in Iraq. The harsh condition resulted in a big slave rebellion known as the
2097:
in Geneva in May 1927, Karen Jeppe stated that 1600 enslaved
Armenians had been liberated from slavery in a five year period, foremost from Syria; however, many thousands of Armenians remained in slavery.
1853:, Ottoman Iraq came under rulership of the British, who disliked slavery. Slavery was formally abolished in Iraq in 1924. Iraq was the first Gulf state, in which slavery was banned. Many members of the
1536:
2837:
2379:
Morris, B., Ze'evi, D. (2019). The Thirty-Year
Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924. (n.p.): Harvard University Press. p. 312
2391:
Morris, B., Ze'evi, D. (2019). The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924. (n.p.): Harvard University Press. p. 313
1940:, while male slaves were used in a number of tasks. The slave trade in the Muslim world focused on women for used of domestic servants and sex slaves. Women were trafficked to the royal
2086:
2586:
2261:
Hazell, A. (2011). The Last Slave Market: Dr John Kirk and the Struggle to End the East African Slave Trade. Storbritannien: Little, Brown Book Group.
2832:
2149:
2791:
2082:
2801:
1667:
2239:
van Bavel, B. (2019). The Invisible Hand? How Market Economies Have Emerged and Declined Since AD 500. Storbritannien: OUP Oxford. p. 69-70
2414:
Samonova, E. (2019). Modern Slavery and Bonded Labour in South Asia: A Human Rights-Based Approach. Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.
2281:
El-Azhari, Taef (2019). Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661–1257. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-2318-2. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctvnjbg3q
2756:
2731:
2646:
2626:
2576:
2546:
2536:
2299:
Issawi, C. (1988). The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Storbritannien: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 192
2842:
2721:
1526:
1057:
2786:
2110:
under British protection. The new Iraqi ruler was thus dependent upon support from the British, who disliked slavery. The British Empire, having signed the
2676:
2531:
1411:
783:
520:
2806:
2611:
2571:
1147:
788:
2074:
Mesopotamia (Iraq); one of these, led by Rupen Herian, raported that they hade liberated 533 enslaved women and children between June and August 1919.
2847:
2006:
2290:
Mirzai, B. A. (2017). A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800-1929. USA: University of Texas Press. p. 56-57
1978:(1704-1831). Slaves where imported to the area from East Africa and the Indian Ocean slave trade via the Persian Gulf to the ancient slava market of
1982:. A smaller slave trade in Europeans where imported from the North. At the very end of Ottoman rule, the enslavement of the Armenians took place.
480:
835:
2009:
in january 1847. This was however a nominal prohibition, and the slave trade continued. In 1847, the British consulate in Baghdad reported:
1929:
the slave trade was supplanted by people bought through commercial slave trade provided for the slave markets in Basra, Baghdad and Samarra.
1615:
2118:, was obliged to investigate, report and fight slavery and slave trade in all land under direct or indirect control of the British Empire.
1531:
1381:
1952:, which lasted between 869 and 883. Thousands and possibly millions of Africans, Berbers, Turks, and Europeans from Northeastern Europe (
862:
2182:
2032:
1608:
360:
2132:
minority are descendants of the former slaves. They are subjected to racial discrimination with reference to the slavery of the past.
2317:
Semerdjian, E. (2023). Remnants: Embodied Archives of the Armenian Genocide. USA: Stanford University Press.
810:
2405:
Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Confronting the Armenian Genocide. (2017). Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis. 104-106
2192:
1581:
1401:
574:
2308:
Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Confronting the Armenian Genocide. (2017). Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.
2931:
2776:
2187:
1744:
2093:, worked to ensure the liberation of the enslaved Armenians, some of them active as late as in the 1930s. In her report to the
2177:
1873:
1784:
845:
263:
1423:
1100:
872:
2501:
2202:
1620:
1576:
1219:
2751:
1662:
1294:
954:
805:
601:
510:
2259:
2916:
2271:
2270:
Black, J. (2015). The Atlantic Slave Trade in World History. USA: Taylor & Francis. p. 14
2249:
2248:
Black, J. (2015). The Atlantic Slave Trade in World History. USA: Taylor & Francis. p. 14
2237:
1682:
1371:
1125:
2054:
1970:
During the early modern period, the territory of modern Iraq, Mesopotamia, was a battle ground dominated first by the
2926:
2796:
2470:
2167:
1899:
1499:
1376:
800:
569:
436:
2460:
2212:
2145:
1919:
1907:
1903:
1877:
1861:
1635:
840:
825:
771:
456:
446:
441:
270:
126:
2432:
1346:
2911:
1630:
1396:
202:
1095:
1083:
663:
475:
121:
1965:
1898:
Historically, the institution of slavery in the region of the later Iraq was reflected in the institution of
1672:
1450:
311:
2207:
2046:
2036:
1937:
1677:
1516:
1386:
1047:
815:
795:
355:
323:
1776:
42:
2901:
1737:
1687:
1406:
1324:
451:
232:
52:
2896:
2696:
1591:
1443:
1428:
1319:
515:
185:
2172:
1692:
1586:
1117:
1105:
695:
668:
173:
2906:
2518:
2494:
2197:
1995:
1839:
1467:
1336:
889:
678:
163:
64:
343:
2921:
2746:
2711:
2666:
2111:
1657:
1391:
1341:
1269:
1042:
820:
764:
747:
178:
2636:
2631:
2526:
2423:
Gordon, M. (1989). Slavery in the Arab world. New York: New Amsterdam.
1730:
1699:
1199:
940:
852:
700:
424:
390:
385:
1800:
2355:
1975:
1561:
1416:
1329:
1314:
996:
984:
730:
715:
500:
275:
197:
168:
2716:
2596:
2040:
1704:
1603:
1566:
1494:
1438:
1307:
1264:
1078:
1008:
683:
463:
365:
249:
156:
1842:. The slave trade to, and slavery in the area continued during subsequent rulerships, and
8:
2816:
2736:
2691:
2671:
2661:
2561:
2487:
2443:
1999:
1846:(1534-1920) remained a destination of the international slave trade in the Middle East.
1835:
1187:
1167:
1052:
1037:
906:
877:
867:
757:
705:
673:
470:
328:
296:
291:
244:
101:
2761:
2656:
2541:
1827:
1433:
1279:
1254:
1244:
1209:
1204:
1172:
1137:
1130:
1071:
1064:
921:
740:
735:
725:
495:
348:
306:
301:
254:
222:
212:
149:
370:
316:
2871:
2741:
2706:
2641:
2621:
2556:
2551:
2466:
2115:
2094:
2078:
2019:
1945:
1926:
1831:
1823:
1521:
1239:
1234:
1177:
1162:
1142:
964:
959:
894:
857:
690:
656:
485:
338:
227:
106:
2766:
2726:
2701:
2681:
2616:
2591:
2581:
2566:
2122:
1716:
1289:
1284:
1274:
1249:
1214:
1182:
1152:
1025:
1013:
991:
969:
916:
752:
720:
22:
2356:"The Truth About Islam and Sex Slavery History Is More Complicated Than You Think"
2686:
2651:
2601:
2510:
2150:
Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State#Sexual slavery and reproductive violence
2107:
1889:
1625:
1511:
1506:
1259:
1224:
947:
911:
710:
628:
333:
79:
1974:, the Safavid Iran and finally the Ottoman empire, with an interruption of the
1949:
1709:
1598:
490:
131:
89:
2890:
2865:
2141:
1941:
1647:
1571:
1018:
1001:
776:
606:
596:
380:
30:
2140:
For the revival of slavery in territories in Iraq and Syria occupied by the
2121:
Slavery was formally banned in Iraq in 1924, by royal decree issued by king
2005:
Officially, the import of slaves via the Persian Gulf was prohibited by the
1788:
An Armenian woman in slavery after the genocide bears Thistles to fuel home.
1991:
1893:
1843:
1822:
When the area later to become the modern state of Iraq was a center of the
1652:
1484:
1460:
1366:
1359:
1090:
618:
591:
554:
532:
419:
136:
116:
94:
84:
74:
69:
59:
899:
2875:
2162:
2129:
2090:
2066:
1854:
1850:
1489:
1477:
830:
633:
623:
581:
395:
1864:
again practiced slavery in areas under their control in Syria and Iraq.
1971:
1830:
destination, and slaves were imported to Iraq from the North along the
1805:
1642:
934:
638:
505:
2045:
Female slaves were primarily used as either domestic servants, or as
1936:
Female slaves were primarily used as either domestic servants, or as
882:
547:
409:
2002:
via the Persian Gulf and by caravans over the desert respectively.
564:
2433:
Living in the Shadows. The Enduring Marginalization of Black Iraqis
1953:
1472:
1030:
974:
926:
586:
431:
286:
192:
2479:
1792:
1768:
1455:
537:
217:
34:
1757:
1157:
979:
559:
542:
404:
239:
207:
2057:– a lawful motive for their purchase and the most common one.
1979:
1885:
1881:
414:
400:
375:
1956:) are estimated to have been enslaved in this time period.
1816:
1761:
281:
111:
1990:
During the 19th-century, the slave route from Africa to
2106:
In 1921, former Ottoman Iraq was transformed in to the
2065:
After the British occupation of Ottoman Baghdad during
1780:
Zanj Rebellion - Thawrat al-Zanj - by Ahmad Barakizadeh
2444:
https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/28012024
2049:, while male slaves were used in a number of tasks.
1412:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
2007:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf
2888:
1815:existed in the territory of the modern state of
1527:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
2345:Brunschvig. 'Abd; Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 13.
2060:
1913:
1857:minority are descendants of the former slaves.
2462:Islam's Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora
2339:
2325:
2323:
2495:
1738:
1616:List of slavery-related memorials and museums
1532:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
2320:
1959:
2502:
2488:
2183:History of concubinage in the Muslim world
2033:History of concubinage in the Muslim world
2026:
1745:
1731:
2193:Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East
2348:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1764:were used to transport goods and slaves.
1756:
1537:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1402:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1382:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
2465:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
2188:Medieval Arab attitudes to Black people
2889:
2452:
2178:History of slavery in the Muslim world
1994:from the East coast of Africa via the
1874:History of slavery in the Muslim world
2483:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2385:
1424:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1101:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
2233:
2231:
2229:
2203:Human trafficking in the Middle East
1621:Slave marriages in the United States
1220:Human trafficking in the Middle East
2509:
2055:sexual relations with their masters
955:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
13:
2394:
2382:
1609:last survivors of American slavery
14:
2943:
2253:
2226:
2168:Rape during the Armenian genocide
1900:slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
1826:(750–1258), the area was a major
570:Field slaves in the United States
437:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
2870:
2861:
2860:
2213:Slavery in 21st-century jihadism
2146:Slavery in 21st-century jihadism
1920:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
1908:slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
1904:slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
1878:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
447:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
442:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
271:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
41:
2437:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2373:
2135:
2077:Several actors, among them the
1397:Committee of Experts on Slavery
948:East, Southeast, and South Asia
2932:1924 disestablishments in Asia
2828:British Indian Ocean Territory
2458:
2329:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2264:
2242:
2087:Syrian Armenian Relief Society
1985:
1838:, and from the South from the
1804:Islamized Armenians who were "
1096:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
2219:
1966:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
2208:Racism in Muslim communities
2101:
2061:Activism against slave trade
2037:Islamic views on concubinage
1914:Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
1387:Temporary Slavery Commission
1048:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
7:
2155:
1407:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
452:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
10:
2948:
2083:British Friends of Armenia
2030:
1963:
1917:
1871:
1867:
1592:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1429:Anti-Slavery International
1194:North Africa and West Asia
2917:Anti-black racism in Asia
2856:
2815:
2775:
2517:
2198:Racism in the Arab world
2173:Human trafficking in Iraq
2144:in the 21st-century, see
1693:Emancipation Proclamation
1360:Opposition and resistance
1118:Sex trafficking in Europe
1106:Blackbirding in Polynesia
669:Trans-Saharan slave trade
2927:Indian Ocean slave trade
2577:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1996:Indian Ocean slave trade
1960:Ottoman Iraq (1534–1920)
1840:Indian Ocean slave trade
1834:, from the West via the
1468:Compensated emancipation
679:Indian Ocean slave trade
2838:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2112:1926 Slavery Convention
2047:concubines (sex slaves)
2027:Function and conditions
1938:concubines (sex slaves)
1392:1926 Slavery Convention
1148:Germany in World War II
765:North and South America
287:Contract of manumission
2912:Social history of Iraq
2459:Segal, Ronald (2001).
1809:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
873:British Virgin Islands
425:Circassian slave trade
391:Safavid imperial harem
386:Ottoman Imperial Harem
1872:Further information:
1860:In the 21st-century,
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1760:
1112:Europe and North Asia
1072:Australia and Oceania
772:Pre-Columbian America
344:Slave raid of Suðuroy
276:Slavery in al-Andalus
198:Black Sea slave trade
127:21st-century jihadism
2752:United Arab Emirates
2332:Islam's Black Slaves
2128:Many members of the
2041:Ma malakat aymanukum
1944:from Europe via the
1567:Indentured servitude
1495:Underground Railroad
1295:United Arab Emirates
684:Zanzibar slave trade
651:By country or region
464:Atlantic slave trade
366:Ma malakat aymanukum
250:Venetian slave trade
2779:limited recognition
2453:Referenced material
2114:as a member of the
2000:Red Sea slave trade
1836:Red Sea slave trade
1658:Slave Route Project
784:Americas indigenous
674:Red Sea slave trade
664:Contemporary Africa
527:Topics and practice
297:Crimean slave trade
292:Bukhara slave trade
245:Genoese slave trade
122:Contemporary Africa
102:Forced prostitution
2902:Slavery by country
1862:Islamic terrorists
1819:until the 1920s.
1810:
1806:rescued from Arabs
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1434:Blockade of Africa
741:Somali slave trade
657:Sub-Saharan Africa
349:Turkish Abductions
307:Khivan slave trade
302:Khazar slave trade
255:Balkan slave trade
213:Prague slave trade
2897:Islam and slavery
2884:
2883:
2821:other territories
2116:League of Nations
2095:League of Nations
2079:League of Nations
2020:Armenian genocide
1946:Volga trade route
1927:Abbasid Caliphate
1832:Volga trade route
1824:Abbasid Caliphate
1755:
1754:
1705:Freedmen's Bureau
1522:Third Servile War
1517:International law
1084:Human trafficking
846:Human trafficking
521:Thirteen colonies
339:Sack of Baltimore
107:Human trafficking
2939:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2833:Christmas Island
2519:Sovereign states
2511:Slavery in Asia
2504:
2497:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2392:
2389:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2235:
2123:Faisal I of Iraq
1747:
1740:
1733:
1717:Emancipation Day
1545:
1512:Slave Trade Acts
203:Byzantine Empire
45:
18:
17:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2907:Slavery in Asia
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2852:
2820:
2811:
2792:Northern Cyprus
2778:
2771:
2513:
2508:
2473:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2158:
2138:
2108:Kingdom of Iraq
2104:
2063:
2043:
2029:
1988:
1968:
1962:
1922:
1916:
1906:(661–750), and
1896:
1890:Sack of Amorium
1870:
1851:First World War
1808:" after the war
1796:Armenian slaves
1751:
1722:
1721:
1626:Slave narrative
1577:Fugitive slaves
1557:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1507:Slave rebellion
1362:
1352:
1351:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1122:United Kingdom
1058:Yankee princess
652:
644:
643:
371:Avret Pazarları
317:Avret Pazarları
186:Medieval Europe
152:
142:
141:
80:Forced marriage
55:
12:
11:
5:
2945:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2922:Racism in Iraq
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
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2599:
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2205:
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2195:
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2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2137:
2134:
2103:
2100:
2070:and villages.
2062:
2059:
2028:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1987:
1984:
1976:Mamluk dynasty
1961:
1958:
1950:Zanj Rebellion
1918:Main article:
1915:
1912:
1869:
1866:
1772:Zanj Rebellion
1753:
1752:
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1749:
1742:
1735:
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1645:
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1633:
1623:
1618:
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1606:
1599:List of slaves
1596:
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1584:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
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1267:
1262:
1257:
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1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:Dutch Republic
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
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1086:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1062:
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1033:
1023:
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1021:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
989:
988:
987:
982:
977:
967:
962:
957:
951:
950:
944:
943:
938:
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930:
929:
924:
914:
909:
904:
903:
902:
892:
887:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
860:
855:
850:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
793:
792:
791:
781:
780:
779:
768:
767:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
744:
743:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
687:
686:
676:
671:
666:
660:
659:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
615:
614:
610:
609:
604:
602:Child soldiers
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
578:
577:
567:
562:
557:
552:
551:
550:
545:
540:
529:
528:
524:
523:
518:
513:
511:Spanish Empire
508:
503:
498:
493:
491:Middle Passage
488:
483:
478:
473:
467:
466:
460:
459:
454:
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429:
428:
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383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
353:
352:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
321:
320:
319:
312:Ottoman Empire
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
273:
267:
266:
260:
259:
258:
257:
247:
242:
237:
236:
235:
230:
225:
215:
210:
205:
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195:
189:
188:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
160:
159:
153:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
132:Sexual slavery
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
98:
97:
92:
90:Child marriage
87:
77:
72:
67:
65:Child soldiers
62:
56:
51:
50:
47:
46:
38:
37:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2944:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
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2915:
2913:
2910:
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2900:
2898:
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2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:South Ossetia
2800:
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2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
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2774:
2768:
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2700:
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2640:
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2615:
2613:
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2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
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2590:
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2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
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2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
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2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2474:
2472:9780374527976
2468:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:Islamic State
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:Abbasid harem
1939:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
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1845:
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1837:
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1820:
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1807:
1802:
1794:
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1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Slave catcher
1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
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1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:Forced labour
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
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1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
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1496:
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1479:
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1475:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1417:Abolitionists
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
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1328:
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1322:
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1309:
1304:
1303:
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1123:
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1107:
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1099:
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1080:
1077:
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1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:comfort women
1017:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:Chukri System
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
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961:
958:
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939:
936:
932:
928:
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923:
920:
919:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
901:
898:
897:
896:
893:
891:
890:Latin America
888:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
847:
844:
842:
841:interregional
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:prison labour
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
797:
796:United States
794:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
778:
775:
774:
773:
770:
769:
766:
763:
762:
759:
756:
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751:
749:
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734:
732:
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724:
722:
719:
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648:
647:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
611:
608:
607:White slavery
605:
603:
600:
598:
597:Slave raiding
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
576:
573:
572:
571:
568:
566:
565:Corvée labour
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
531:
530:
526:
525:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
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479:
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458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
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435:
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430:
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421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
381:Abbasid harem
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:Barbary Coast
322:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
265:
262:
261:
256:
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138:
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68:
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63:
61:
58:
57:
54:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:Forced labour
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
2817:Dependencies
2747:Turkmenistan
2712:Saudi Arabia
2606:
2461:
2439:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2375:
2364:. Retrieved
2362:. 2015-08-19
2359:
2350:
2341:
2331:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2266:
2255:
2244:
2139:
2136:21st-century
2127:
2120:
2105:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2051:
2044:
2017:
2004:
1992:Ottoman Iraq
1989:
1969:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1910:(750–1258).
1897:
1894:Abd (Arabic)
1859:
1848:
1844:Ottoman Iraq
1821:
1812:
1811:
1653:Slave patrol
1485:Freedom suit
1461:Sierra Leone
1451:Colonization
1367:Abolitionism
1347:Baháʼí Faith
1320:Christianity
1270:Saudi Arabia
1229:
1126:Penal Labour
1091:Blackbirding
997:Debt bondage
985:penal system
811:Contemporary
801:Field slaves
789:U.S. Natives
748:South Africa
619:Galley slave
592:Slave market
582:House slaves
555:Blackbirding
533:Conscription
457:21st century
420:Umm al-walad
264:Muslim world
233:Emancipation
137:Wage slavery
117:Penal labour
95:Wife selling
85:Bride buying
70:Conscription
60:Child Labour
53:Contemporary
15:
2876:Asia portal
2777:States with
2697:Philippines
2637:South Korea
2632:North Korea
2527:Afghanistan
2163:Afro-Iraqis
2091:Karen Jeppe
2067:World War I
2018:During the
1986:Slave trade
1828:slave trade
1668:court cases
1540: [
1490:Slave Power
1478:Manumission
1325:Catholicism
1200:Afghanistan
941:Puerto Rico
853:The Bahamas
831:Slave codes
634:Shanghaiing
624:Impressment
516:Slave Coast
396:Qajar harem
356:Concubinage
329:slave trade
2891:Categories
2757:Uzbekistan
2732:Tajikistan
2647:Kyrgyzstan
2627:Kazakhstan
2547:Bangladesh
2537:Azerbaijan
2366:2022-04-13
2220:References
2130:Afro-Iraqi
2031:See also:
1972:Aq Qoyunlu
1964:See also:
1902:(632–661)
1855:Afro-Iraqi
1849:Under the
1683:J.Q. Adams
1673:Washington
1643:Slave name
1587:convention
1562:Common law
935:Encomienda
731:Seychelles
716:Mauritania
639:Slave ship
506:Panyarring
501:New France
150:Historical
2843:Hong Kong
2797:Palestine
2722:Sri Lanka
2717:Singapore
2597:Indonesia
2102:Abolition
1678:Jefferson
1330:Mormonism
1265:Palestine
1079:Australia
1009:Indonesia
900:Lei Áurea
883:Code Noir
863:Caribbean
836:Treatment
575:Treatment
548:Devshirme
410:Odalisque
228:In Russia
169:Babylonia
157:Antiquity
2866:Category
2787:Abkhazia
2737:Thailand
2692:Pakistan
2672:Mongolia
2667:Maldives
2662:Malaysia
2562:Cambodia
2360:HuffPost
2156:See also
1998:and the
1954:saqaliba
1710:Iron bit
1700:40 acres
1663:breeding
1473:Freedman
1308:Religion
1168:Portugal
1053:Thailand
1043:Maldives
1038:Malaysia
1031:Kwalliso
975:Booi Aha
927:Restavek
907:Colombia
878:Trinidad
868:Barbados
758:Zanzibar
706:Ethiopia
587:Saqaliba
481:Database
432:Saqaliba
193:Ancillae
23:a series
21:Part of
2762:Vietnam
2677:Myanmar
2657:Lebanon
2587:Georgia
2542:Bahrain
2532:Armenia
2330:Segal,
1868:History
1813:Slavery
1688:Lincoln
1556:Related
1456:Liberia
1342:Judaism
1280:Tunisia
1255:Morocco
1245:Lebanon
1210:Bahrain
1205:Algeria
1173:Romania
1138:Denmark
1131:Slavery
1065:Vietnam
736:Somalia
726:Nigeria
701:Comoros
629:Pirates
538:Ghilman
471:Bristol
361:history
334:pirates
223:History
112:Peonage
35:slavery
2807:Taiwan
2742:Turkey
2707:Russia
2642:Kuwait
2622:Jordan
2612:Israel
2572:Cyprus
2557:Brunei
2552:Bhutan
2469:
2334:, 2001
2085:, the
2081:, the
2039:, and
1892:, and
1604:owners
1240:Kuwait
1235:Jordan
1188:Sweden
1178:Russia
1163:Poland
1158:Norway
980:Laogai
965:Brunei
960:Bhutan
922:revolt
895:Brazil
858:Canada
821:partus
806:female
691:Angola
560:Coolie
543:Mamluk
496:Nantes
476:Brazil
405:Cariye
240:Thrall
208:Kholop
174:Greece
2848:Macau
2767:Yemen
2727:Syria
2702:Qatar
2682:Nepal
2617:Japan
2592:India
2582:Egypt
2567:China
2336:: p.4
2148:and
1980:Basra
1886:Jarya
1882:Qiyan
1762:Dhows
1636:songs
1631:films
1544:]
1500:songs
1337:Islam
1315:Bible
1290:Yemen
1285:Qatar
1275:Syria
1250:Libya
1215:Egypt
1183:Spain
1153:Malta
1026:Korea
1014:Japan
992:India
970:China
917:Haiti
777:Aztec
753:Sudan
721:Niger
613:Naval
486:Dutch
415:Qiyan
401:Jarya
376:Harem
218:Serfs
164:Egypt
2687:Oman
2652:Laos
2607:Iraq
2602:Iran
2467:ISBN
2089:and
1817:Iraq
1582:laws
1444:U.S.
1439:U.K.
1377:U.S.
1372:U.K.
1260:Oman
1230:Iraq
1225:Iran
912:Cuba
816:maps
711:Mali
696:Chad
282:Baqt
179:Rome
75:Debt
33:and
2819:and
2893::
2396:^
2384:^
2358:.
2322:^
2228:^
2152:.
2125:.
2035:,
1888:,
1884:,
1880:,
1876:,
1542:fa
25:on
2503:e
2496:t
2489:v
2475:.
2369:.
1746:e
1739:t
1732:v
937:)
933:(
403:/
278:
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