Bee - Knowledge

1655: 1575: 1498: 1456: 1165: 756: 1095: 2129:. The female typically creates a compartment (a "cell") with an egg and some provisions for the resulting larva, then seals it off. A nest may consist of numerous cells. When the nest is in wood, usually the last (those closer to the entrance) contain eggs that will become males. The adult does not provide care for the brood once the egg is laid, and usually dies after making one or more nests. The males typically emerge first and are ready for mating when the females emerge. Solitary bees are very unlikely to sting (only in self-defense, if ever), and some (esp. in the family 140: 3946: 2864: 1221: 3412: 1723: 12482: 3663: 2297: 1270: 12514: 3969: 1075: 2270: 1034: 2312: 163: 1526: 2905: 1843: 2239:, followed by the emergence of a winged adult. The number of eggs laid by a female during her lifetime can vary from eight or less in some solitary bees, to more than a million in highly social species. Most solitary bees and bumble bees in temperate climates overwinter as adults or pupae and emerge in spring when increasing numbers of flowering plants come into bloom. The males usually emerge first and search for females with which to mate. Like the other members of Hymenoptera bees are 2137: 2095: 2593: 4145: 2694: 1554: 2625: 939: 1435: 2336: 12848: 966: 4124: 1185: 2021: 3516: 13448: 1395: 1955: 1772: 2400: 2188: 1855: 1000: 3655: 2849:, which are extremely sensitive to light and dark, though incapable of forming images. Some have refracting superposition compound eyes: these combine the output of many elements of their compound eyes to provide enough light for each retinal photoreceptor. Their ability to fly by night enables them to avoid many predators, and to exploit flowers that produce nectar only or also at night. 2564:(specialists), in that they only gather pollen from one or a few species or genera of closely related plants. In Melittidae and Apidae we also find a few genera that are highly specialized for collecting plant oils both in addition to, and instead of, nectar, which is mixed with pollen as larval food. Male orchid bees in some species gather aromatic compounds from 2568:, which is one of the few cases where male bees are effective pollinators. Bees are able to sense the presence of desirable flowers through ultraviolet patterning on flowers, floral odors, and even electromagnetic fields. Once landed, a bee then uses nectar quality and pollen taste to determine whether to continue visiting similar flowers. 2179:. In some species, multiple females share a common nest, but each makes and provisions her own cells independently. This type of group is called "communal" and is not uncommon. The primary advantage appears to be that a nest entrance is easier to defend from predators and parasites when multiple females use that same entrance regularly. 1994:, or "sweat bees". Colonies are typically small, with a dozen or fewer workers, on average. Queens and workers differ only in size, if at all. Most species have a single season colony cycle, even in the tropics, and only mated females hibernate. A few species have long active seasons and attain colony sizes in the hundreds, such as 2243:; the sex of a bee is determined by whether or not the egg is fertilised. After mating, a female stores the sperm, and determines which sex is required at the time each individual egg is laid, fertilised eggs producing female offspring and unfertilised eggs, males. Tropical bees may have several generations in a year and no 5095: 2740:) and do not construct their own nests. They typically enter the nests of pollen collecting species, and lay their eggs in cells provisioned by the host bee. When the "cuckoo" bee larva hatches, it consumes the host larva's pollen ball, and often the host egg also. In particular, the Arctic bee species, 8906:

Jerry J. Bromenshenk; Colin B. Henderson; Charles H. Wick; Michael F. Stanford; Alan W. Zulich; Rabih E. Jabbour; Samir V. Deshpande; Patrick E. McCubbin; Robert A. Seccomb; Phillip M. Welch; Trevor Williams; David R. Firth; Evan Skowronski; Margaret M. Lehmann; Shan L. Bilimoria; Joanna Gress; Kevin

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The egg is generally oblong, slightly curved and tapering at one end. Solitary bees, lay each egg in a separate cell with a supply of mixed pollen and nectar next to it. This may be rolled into a pellet or placed in a pile and is known as mass provisioning. Social bee species provision progressively,

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and robotic mock-up of a bee wing showed that lift was generated by "the unconventional combination of short, choppy wing strokes, a rapid rotation of the wing as it flops over and reverses direction, and a very fast wing-beat frequency". Wing-beat frequency normally increases as size decreases, but

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from carcases to feed their offspring. Solitary bees are important pollinators; they gather pollen to provision their nests with food for their brood. Often it is mixed with nectar to form a paste-like consistency. Some solitary bees have advanced types of pollen-carrying structures on their bodies.

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are not haplodiploid. Conversely, all bees are haplodiploid but not all are eusocial, and among eusocial species many queens mate with multiple males, creating half-sisters that share only 25% of each other's genes. But, monogamy (queens mating singly) is the ancestral state for all eusocial species

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had already evolved on the supercontinent prior to its fragmentation. Further divergences were facilitated by West Gondwana's breakup around 100 million years ago, leading to a deep Africa-South America split within both the Apidae and Megachilidae, the isolation of the Melittidae in Africa, and the

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and found that their flight could not be explained by fixed-wing calculations, but that "One shouldn't be surprised that the results of the calculations don't square with reality". This has led to a common misconception that bees "violate aerodynamic theory". In fact it merely confirms that bees do

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in each segment for breathing. They have no legs but move within the cell, helped by tubercles on their sides. They have short horns on the head, jaws for chewing food and an appendage on either side of the mouth tipped with a bristle. There is a gland under the mouth that secretes a viscous liquid

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in that the queen initiates a nest on her own rather than by swarming. Bumblebee colonies typically have from 50 to 200 bees at peak population, which occurs in mid to late summer. Nest architecture is simple, limited by the size of the pre-existing nest cavity, and colonies rarely last more than a

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termed "supersisters", more closely related to their sisters than they would be to their own offspring. Workers often do not reproduce, but they can pass on more of their genes by helping to raise their sisters (as queens) than they would by having their own offspring (each of which would only have

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Almeida, Eduardo A.B.; Bossert, Silas; Danforth, Bryan N.; Porto, Diego S.; Freitas, Felipe V.; Davis, Charles C.; Murray, Elizabeth A.; Blaimer, Bonnie B.; Spasojevic, Tamara; Ströher, Patrícia R.; Orr, Michael C.; Packer, Laurence; Brady, Seán G.; Kuhlmann, Michael; Branstetter, Michael G.; Pie,

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In D'Arcy Thompson's translation: "At early dawn they make no noise, until some one particular bee makes a buzzing noise two or three times and thereby awakes the rest; hereupon they all fly in a body to work. By and by they return and at first are noisy; ... until at last some one bee flies round

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The thorax has three segments, each with a pair of robust legs, and a pair of membranous wings on the hind two segments. The front legs of corbiculate bees bear combs for cleaning the antennae, and in many species the hind legs bear pollen baskets, flattened sections with incurving hairs to secure

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Almeida, Eduardo A. B.; Bossert, Silas; Danforth, Bryan N.; Porto, Diego S.; Freitas, Felipe V.; Davis, Charles C.; Murray, Elizabeth A.; Blaimer, Bonnie B.; Spasojevic, Tamara; Ströher, Patrícia R.; Orr, Michael C.; Packer, Laurence; Brady, Seán G.; Kuhlmann, Michael; Branstetter, Michael G. (21

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Honey is a natural product produced by bees and stored for their own use, but its sweetness has always appealed to humans. Before domestication of bees was even attempted, humans were raiding their nests for their honey. Smoke was often used to subdue the bees and such activities are depicted in

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which solidifies into the silk they use to produce a cocoon. The cocoon is semi-transparent and the pupa can be seen through it. Over the course of a few days, the larva undergoes metamorphosis into a winged adult. When ready to emerge, the adult splits its skin dorsally and climbs out of the

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Over the last half century, there has been a general decline in the species richness of wild bees and other pollinators, probably attributable to stress from increased parasites and disease, the use of pesticides, and a general decrease in the number of wild flowers. Climate change probably

486:, and the decline in wild bees has increased the value of pollination by commercially managed hives of honey bees. The analysis of 353 wild bee and hoverfly species across Britain from 1980 to 2013 found the insects have been lost from a quarter of the places they inhabited in 1980. 2192: 8018: 2191: 5337: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2196: 797:

was well established before the first appearance of bees. The novelty is that bees are specialized as pollination agents, with behavioral and physical modifications that specifically enhance pollination, and are the most efficient pollinating insects. In a process of

2674:) which are themselves distasteful, often through acquiring bitter and poisonous chemicals from their plant food. All the Müllerian mimics, including bees, benefit from the reduced risk of predation that results from their easily recognised warning coloration. 6980:

Menzel, Randolf; Greggers, Uwe; Smith, Alan; Berger, Sandra; Brandt, Robert; Brunke, Sascha; Bundrock, Gesine; Hülse, Sandra; Plümpe, Tobias; Schaupp, Schaupp; Schüttler, Elke; Stach, Silke; Stindt, Jan; Stollhoff, Nicola; Watzl, Sebastian (2005).

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Whitfield, B. G. (October 1956). "Cambridge University Press and The Classical Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Greece & Rome. Virgil and the Bees: A Study in Ancient Apicultural Lor".

1670:(hairs), combs on the forelimbs for cleaning their antennae, small anatomical differences in limb structure, and the venation of the hind wings; and in females, by having the seventh dorsal abdominal plate divided into two half-plates. 743:. The Andrenidae are known from the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, around 34 Mya, of the Florissant shale. The Halictidae first appear in the Early Eocene with species found in amber. The Stenotritidae are known from fossil brood cells of 3151:

are “spoilage yeasts that have an extreme resistance to acids and preservatives” and can “tolerate high concentrations of sugars and salts”. Honey bees depend on this source of steroids to allow them to develop properly during insect

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Paludo, Camila Raquel; Pishchany, Gleb; Andrade-Dominguez, Andres; Silva-Junior, Eduardo Afonso; Menezes, Cristiano; Nascimento, Fabio Santos; Currie, Cameron R.; Kolter, Roberto; Clardy, Jon; Pupo, Mônica Tallarico (25 July 2019).

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Depictions of humans collecting honey from wild bees date to 15,000 years ago; efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art around 4,500 years ago. Simple hives and smoke were used; jars of honey were found in the tombs of

1696:, having an elbow joint part way along. They house large numbers of sense organs that can detect touch (mechanoreceptors), smell and taste; and small, hairlike mechanoreceptors that can detect air movement so as to "hear" sounds. 1352:

This cladogram of the bee families is based on Hedtke et al., 2013, which places the former families Dasypodaidae and Meganomiidae as subfamilies inside the Melittidae. English names, where available, are given in parentheses.

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of other insects. The switch from insect prey to pollen may have resulted from the consumption of prey insects which were flower visitors and were partially covered with pollen when they were fed to the wasp larvae. This same

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at least in part because their pollinator is also threatened. But, there is a pronounced tendency for oligolectic bees to be associated with common, widespread plants visited by multiple pollinator species. For example, the

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to collect and carry pollen. The location and type differ among and between groups of bees. Most species have scopal hairs on their hind legs or on the underside of their abdomens. Some species in the family Apidae have

8741: 434:, or sweat bees, but they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. Bees range in size from tiny stingless bee species, whose workers are less than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) long, to the leafcutter bee 8746:

Wild bees have become as important as domesticated honeybees in pollinating food crops around the world due to the dramatic decline in number of healthy honeybee colonies over the past half century, a study has

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has the opposite effect to what took place in these three studies, highlighting the importance of what bees ingest and the impacts it has on their survivability during both the development and adult stages.

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Eickwort, G. C.; Eickwort, J. M.; Gordon, J.; Eickwort, M. A.; Wcislo, W. T. (1996). "Solitary behavior in a high-altitude population of the social sweat bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)".

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are associated with bees. They live in bee nests and ride on adult bees for dispersal. They are presumed to feed on fungi, nest materials or pollen. However, the impact they have on bees remains uncertain.

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the color of the orchid mantis was indistinguishable from 13 species of wild flowers in the areas the predator lived. ... The orchid mantis is unique in that the mantis itself is the attractive stimulus.

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have been diminishing the bee population recently due to a lack of regulations regarding what can and cannot be sprayed on produce to protect it from being damaged during growth. When honey bees collect

2440:, in which a worker indicates the location of a food source to other workers in the hive. He demonstrated that bees can recognize a desired compass direction in three different ways: by the Sun, by the 1715:

the collected pollen. The wings are synchronised in flight, and the somewhat smaller hind wings connect to the forewings by a row of hooks along their margin which connect to a groove in the forewing.

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interacts with humans by guiding them to the nests of wild bees. The humans break open the nests and take the honey and the bird feeds on the larvae and the wax. Among mammals, predators such as the

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that is, they feed the larva regularly while it grows. The nest varies from a hole in the ground or in wood, in solitary bees, to a substantial structure with wax combs in bumblebees and honey bees.

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From the 18th century, European understanding of the colonies and biology of bees allowed the construction of the moveable comb hive so that honey could be harvested without destroying the colony.

1817:, with two copies of each gene) share 100% of his genes and 50% of their mother's. Therefore, they share 75% of their genes with each other. This mechanism of sex determination gives rise to what 5571:

Sann, Manuela; Niehuis, Oliver; Peters, Ralph S.; Mayer, Christoph; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Bank, Sarah; Meusemann, Karen; Misof, Bernhard; Bleidorn, Christoph; Ohl, Michael (2018).

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was disturbed, and antibiotic tetracycline entered their diet. All three studies showed that the honey bees' ability to survive decreased drastically and they became more likely to contract

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and Zygosaccharomyces sp. Once the honey bee eggs hatch, a white microbial film starts to grow on the boundary between the brood cell and the larval food supply, and is then ingested by the

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50% of their genes), assuming they would produce similar numbers. This unusual situation has been proposed as an explanation of the multiple (at least nine) evolutions of eusociality within

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theory, organisms can gain fitness not just through increasing their own reproductive output, but also that of close relatives. In evolutionary terms, individuals should help relatives when

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and leave behind the brood and a few nurse bees. This however is not enough to sustain a hive as workers are required to construct and maintain the hive structure as well as produce honey.

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Danforth, Bryan; Cardinal, Sophie; Praz, Christophe; Almeida, Eduardo; Michez, Denis (28 August 2012). "The Impact of Molecular Data on Our Understanding of Bee Phylogeny and Evolution".

9371: 650:(~45 mya) there was already considerable diversity among eusocial bee lineages. A second extinction event among bees is thought to have occurred due to rapid climatic cooling around the 7638:

Gjershaug, Jan Ove (5 June 2009). "The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schönherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway" (PDF).

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Genomic analysis indicates that despite only appearing much later in the fossil record, all modern bee families had already diverged from one another by the end of the Cretaceous. The

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is an aggressive species that attacks and enslaves other bees of the same subgenus. However, unlike many other bee brood parasites, they have pollen baskets and often collect pollen.

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pattern of the blue sky, and by the Earth's magnetic field. He showed that the Sun is the preferred or main compass; the other mechanisms are used under cloudy skies or inside a dark

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Hughes, William O. H.; Oldroyd, Benjamin P.; Beekman, Madeleine; Ratnieks, Francis L. W. (May 2008). "Ancestral Monogamy Shows Kin Selection Is Key to the Evolution of Eusociality".

2189: 662:, different bee lineages continued to spread all over the world, and the shifting habitats and connectedness of continents led to the isolation and evolution of many new bee tribes. 9405: 9172: 6785: 8691: 646:. This was facilitated by the warming climate around the same time, allowing bees to move to higher latitudes following the spread of tropical and subtropical habitats. By the 9429: 6564:

Alcock, John (1 May 1999). "The Nesting Behavior of Dawson's Burrowing Bee, Amegilla dawsoni (Hymenoptera: Anthophorini), and the Production of Offspring of Different Sizes".

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of honeybees. They can typically be found inside of a bee hive, and in man made hives especially, the honeybees can be found developing at different stages (eggs, larvae, and

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boosts honey bees immunity could be pivotal to the increase of a honey bee's lifespan and boost reproduction by helping implement new policies to prevent the use of harmful

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are solitary in the sense that every female is fertile, and typically inhabits a nest she constructs herself. There is no division of labor so these nests lack queens and

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into reproductive and non-reproductive adults, plus overlapping generations. This division of labour creates specialized groups within eusocial societies which are called

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respectively. Bacteria that cannot digest polysaccharides obtain enzymes from their neighbors, and bacteria that lack certain amino acids do the same, creating multiple

1906:). When the castes are purely behavioural alternatives, with no morphological differentiation other than size, the system is considered primitively eusocial, as in many 3919:. In 2018 the European Union decided to ban field use of all three major neonicotinoids; they remain permitted in veterinary, greenhouse, and vehicle transport usage. 8994: 7591: 5505: 2171:

are gregarious, preferring to make nests near others of the same species, and giving the appearance of being social. Large groups of solitary bee nests are called

505:. Bees have appeared in mythology and folklore, through all phases of art and literature from ancient times to the present day, although primarily focused in the 8482: 6817: 4994: 4097:. In addition, while bee brood was high in fat, it contained no fat soluble vitamins (such as A, D, and E) but it was a good source of most of the water-soluble 2464:. Pollinating bees consume nectar and pollen, which require different digestion strategies by somewhat specialized bacteria. While nectar is a liquid of mostly 5823: 3552:(1888) contains the couplet "Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee, / And live alone in the bee loud glade." At the time he was living in 3099:

are only capable of reproducing inside of a honey bee colony, posing an even greater threat if they are able to infiltrate because it will destroy their home.

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Eickwort, George C. (1975). "Gregarious Nesting of the Mason Bee Hoplitis anthocopoides and the Evolution of Parasitism and Sociality Among Megachilid Bees".

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Book 9. The account mentions that bees die after stinging; that workers remove corpses from the hive, and guard it; castes including workers and non-working

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honey bees declined dramatically in the US, though their numbers have since recovered. The number of colonies kept by beekeepers declined slightly, through

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Hughes, W. O. H.; Oldroyd, B. P.; Beekman, M.; Ratnieks, F. L. W. (2008). "Ancestral Monogamy Shows Kin Selection is Key to the Evolution of Eusociality".

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exacerbates the problem. This is a major cause of concern, as it can cause biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation as well as increase climate change.

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thus have a high impact on the survival rate of honey bees. Their ingestion determines whether the honey bees will be able to protect themselves against

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Farmers have focused on alternative solutions to mitigate these problems. By raising native plants, they provide food for native bee pollinators like

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that appear to provide lodgings for mites; in return, it is believed that mites eat fungi that attack pollen, so the relationship in this case may be

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Loper, Gerald M.; Sammataro, Diana; Finley, Jennifer; Cole, Jerry (2006). "Feral honey bees in southern Arizona, 10 years after varroa infestation".

8710: 2000:. Some species are eusocial in parts of their range and solitary in others, or have a mix of eusocial and solitary nests in the same population. The 7090:

Zheng, Hao; Perreau, Julie; Powell, J. Elijah; Han, Benfeng; Zhang, Zijing; Kwong, Waldan K.; Tringe, Susannah G.; Moran, Nancy A. (December 2019).

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Lucas, Spencer G.; Minter, Nicholas J.; Hunt, Adrian P. (February 2010). "Re-evaluation of alleged bees' nests from the Upper Triassic of Arizona".

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and honey bees will prove to be vital in the argument towards lessening the types of chemicals legally allowed to be sprayed on produce. The use of

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to grow because bee pollination improves air and soil quality, thus boosting plant life. Allowing for a higher survivability rate for both bees and

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Johansson, Ingela (1982). "Systematic relationship of halictinae bees based on the pattern of macrocyclic lactones in the Dufour gland secretion".

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might kill several thousand honeybees in a day: all the prey he observed were honeybees. Other predatory insects that sometimes catch bees include

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play an immense role in the health of the entire bee colony. Three studies were recently conducted and each introduced a new organism to the bees

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Mateus, Sidnei; Noll, Fernando B. (February 2004). "Predatory behavior in a necrophagous bee Trigona hypogea (Hymenoptera; Apidae, Meliponini)".

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The life cycle of a bee, be it a solitary or social species, involves the laying of an egg, the development through several moults of a legless

1919:, of which eight species are currently recognized) are highly eusocial, and are among the best known insects. Their colonies are established by 10659: 10621: 10536: 10381: 9379: 8778:

Rangel, Juliana; Giresi, Melissa; Pinto, Maria Alice; Baum, Kristen A.; Rubink, William L.; Coulson, Robert N.; Johnston, John Spencer (2016).

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There are many more species of primitively eusocial than highly eusocial bees, but they have been studied less often. Most are in the family

655: 9021: 7945: 5012: 12892: 11119: 9323: 9150: 5730: 1894:. In some species, groups of cohabiting females may be sisters, and if there is a division of labour within the group, they are considered 6493: 6440: 5114:"A new interpretation of the bee fossil Melitta willardi Cockerell (Hymenoptera, Melittidae) based on geometric morphometrics of the wing" 10664: 9571: 8369: 7795: 7244: 6399: 5709: 3278:

and they help enhance performance and reproduction, boosting honey production and keeping the hive population running at a stable rate. “

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results in a decrease in bee population, deformed bees, an inability to reproduce on the bees part, and overall weakening of the colony.

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Hefetz, Abraham; Blum, Murray; Eickwort, George; Wheeler, James (1978). "Chemistry of the dufour's gland secretion of halictine bees".

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infiltrate a hive. These mites will attack and eat bees inside a hive, making it impossible for them to continue to reproduce and make

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coloured, typically orange and black, warning of their ability to defend themselves with a powerful sting. As such they are models for

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on their hind legs, while very few lack these and instead collect pollen in their crops. The appearance of these structures drove the

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The Complete Guide to Complementary Therapies in Cancer Care: Essential Information for Patients, Survivors and Health Professionals

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Apart from colony collapse disorder, losses outside the US have been attributed to causes including pesticide seed dressings, using

2889:, which make short sallies to catch insects in flight. Swifts and swallows fly almost continually, catching insects as they go. The 1748:, whose females can attain a length of 39 millimetres (1.54 in). The smallest species may be dwarf stingless bees in the tribe 9225: 8856: 4956:"Biogeography and diversification of colletid bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): emerging patterns from the southern end of the world" 4024:, including the larvae and pupae of bees, mostly stingless species. They also gather larvae, pupae and surrounding cells, known as 3345:

applied in agriculture, causing dangerous changes in the colony fitness and perturbing bees' health.” (Yordanova, M. et al., 2022)

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themselves, they must be ingested through their diet, specifically in the early development process. Larvae eat the fungus and the

1644: 5056:"A Leafcutter Bee Trace Fossil from the Middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina, and a Review of Megachilid (Hymenoptera) Ichnology" 2311: 2063:

Very few species of solitary bee are being cultured for commercial pollination. Most of these species belong to a distinct set of

11538: 5323: 3602:, tells the story of a girl who escapes her abusive home and finds her way to live with a family of beekeepers, the Boatwrights. 1882:

appears to have originated from at least three independent origins in halictid bees. The most advanced of these are species with

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in South America. The rapid radiation of the South American bee families is thought to have followed the concurrent radiation of

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environment at this time; modern bee diversity hotspots are also in xeric and seasonal temperate environments, suggesting strong

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are closely related to, and resemble, their hosts in looks and size. This common pattern gave rise to the ecological principle "

2054:. Bees collect pollen to feed their young, and have the necessary adaptations to do this. However, certain wasp species such as 13176: 11880: 3795: 483: 9842: 9604: 9565: 9240: 8396: 8363: 7789: 7664: 7494: 7321: 7238: 6637: 6393: 5999: 5703: 5369: 4689: 4499: 651: 9128: 6643: 5457:"Museum Specimens And Phylogenies Elucidate Ecology's Role in Coevolutionary Associations Between Mites And Their Bee Hosts" 4144: 11844: 8402: 621:), and by the end of the Cretaceous, South American bees had also colonized North America. The North American fossil taxon 8991: 9336: 7587: 6741:

British bees: an introduction to the study of the natural history and economy of the bees indigenous to the British Isles

5524:"Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea" 4123: 1497: 8451: 8263:/Homeric Hymns (Leipzig: 1806), 346 and cxiii. Many took Hermann's unfounded identification at face-value, repeating it 5456: 4860:

Rosa, B. B.; Melo, G. A. R. (2021). "Apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar".

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mites, and the closure of beekeeping businesses. In 2006 and 2007 the rate of attrition increased, and was described as

2845:. Most are tropical or subtropical, but some live in arid regions at higher latitudes. These bees have greatly enlarged 1574: 11310: 9786: 8474: 6875: 6807: 4405: 3368:

if they are able to perform their environmental roles properly without the interruption of harmful government approved

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belongs to a group that is no longer found in North America, suggesting that many bee lineages went extinct during the

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nests in a petrified forest in Arizona, implying that bees evolved much earlier, are now thought to be beetle borings.

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and, until the 1980s, scholars followed Gottfried Hermann (1806) in incorrectly identifying the bee-maidens with the

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In most species, larvae are whitish grubs, roughly oval and bluntly-pointed at both ends. They have 15 segments and

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not only with flowers but it is believed that some species coevolved with mites. Some provide tufts of hairs called

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and longer tubes, and bees developed longer tongues to extract the nectar. Bees also developed structures known as

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Following the K-Pg extinction, surviving bee lineages continued to spread into the Northern Hemisphere, colonizing

8780:"Africanization of a feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) population in South Texas: does a decade make a difference?" 5936: 1809:

In haplodiploid species, females develop from fertilized eggs and males from unfertilized eggs. Because a male is

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in that the survival of bees and the mycelium's ability to help boost bee pollination, boosts the ability of the

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Most bees are polylectic (generalist) meaning they collect pollen from a range of flowering plants, but some are

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Altshuler, Douglas L.; Dickson, William B.; Vance, Jason T.; Roberts, Stephen P.; Dickinson, Michael H. (2005).

5523: 5277: 3629:(2014) describes his efforts to save bumblebees in Britain, as well as much about their biology. The playwright 2121:, digging nests in the ground in a variety of soil textures and conditions, while others create nests in hollow 1937:

that escaped from experiments involving crossing European and African subspecies; they are extremely defensive.

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and thus speaking truth, and identifies the food of the gods as honey. Sources associated the bee maidens with

1983:

set up the Bumblebee Specialist Group to review the threat status of all bumblebee species worldwide using the

8880: 7260:"The evolution and loss of oil-offering flowers: New insights from dated phylogenies for angiosperms and bees" 5386: 2374:

not engage in fixed-wing flight, and that their flight is explained by other mechanics, such as those used by

1164: 13374: 12967: 12857: 7809: 6893: 4843: 4191:). The claim that apitherapy treats cancer, which some proponents of apitherapy make, remains unsupported by 3333:, they are also ingesting harmful chemicals. Such chemicals take a toll on the honey bees' already sensitive 2480:. Approximately five groups of bacteria are involved in digestion. Three groups specialize in simple sugars ( 1834:

so far investigated, so it is likely that haplodiploidy contributed to the evolution of eusociality in bees.

9293: 4610:"Monophyly and Extensive Extinction of Advanced Eusocial Bees: Insights from an Unexpected Eocene Diversity" 12118: 12113: 8586: 8582: 8417: 6145: 3171:

is found primarily in Brazilian stingless bees and Malaysian stingless bees - or more commonly honey bees.

570: 17: 9523: 8706: 6905: 3968: 3879:

were shown to be in every killed colony, and deadly in combination. Winter losses increased to about 1/3.

3615:'s first script and was his first work for children; he starred as a bee named Barry B. Benson, alongside 13424: 12878: 6470: 4229:, and 22-docosanolide. However, the secretions of these glands could also be used for nest construction. 4114: 4110: 3562: 3524: 2631:

lures male bees to attempt to mate with the flower's lip, which resembles a bee perched on a pink flower.

2012:: a larva's food is supplied gradually as it develops, as is the case in honey bees and some bumblebees. 1704: 11983: 9676: 8905: 7874: 6218: 5756:: The World's Largest Bee Rediscovered Living Communally in Termite Nests (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)". 3294:, and whether or not they will have sufficient strength to increase honey production and the ability to 13404: 13384: 5316:"Fossil brood cells of stenotritid bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from the Pleistocene of South Australia" 5258: 3996:. They also produce some substances used as dietary supplements with possible health benefits, pollen, 3803: 3548: 3111:

and grow from the inside out, killing the mites and protecting the bees. The extermination of mites by

2378:. In 1996 it was shown that vortices created by many insects' wings helped to provide lift. High-speed 1923:, consisting of a queen and several thousand workers. There are 29 subspecies of one of these species, 755: 162: 9268: 3503:. In English folklore, bees would be told of important events in the household, in a custom known as " 9835: 7065: 6146:"The Africanized Honey Bee in the Americas: A Biological Revolution with Human Cultural Implications" 5112:

Dewulf, Alexandre; De Meulemeester, Thibaut; Dehon, Manuel; Engel, Michael S.; Michez, Denis (2014).

5013:"The oldest fossil of a melittid bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) from the early Eocene of Oise (France)" 2858: 2778: 9740: 9069:

Storkstad, Erik (30 March 2012). "Field Research on Bees Raises Concern About Low-Dose Pesticides".

7561: 13369: 13364: 12677: 12173: 11700: 8053:"Microbial community modulates growth of symbiotic fungus required for stingless bee metamorphosis" 6871: 6414: 6172: 4213: 3935: 3870: 3128: 3080: 3072: 3060: 2150: 2009: 1787: 9337:

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (2011).

8504: 7613: 3828:

that contain flowering plants. It is estimated that one third of the human food supply depends on

1681:

which cover much of the surface of the head. Between and above these are three small simple eyes (

440:, the largest species of bee, whose females can attain a length of 39 millimetres (1.54 in). 13271: 13248: 13161: 12840: 12802: 12194: 12133: 12073: 11460: 11405: 11370: 9017: 7941: 7680:

Rozen, Jerome George; McGinley, Ronald J. (1991). "Biology and Larvae of the Cleptoparasitic Bee

7066:"Bee gut microbes have a division of labor when it comes to metabolizing complex polysaccharides" 7040: 6745: 4480: 4192: 3832:

by insects, birds and bats, most of which is accomplished by bees, whether wild or domesticated.

3779: 2362: 2157:

While solitary, females each make individual nests. Some species, such as the European mason bee

1829:

Haplodiploidy is neither necessary nor sufficient for eusociality. Some eusocial species such as

1094: 13517: 12695: 12644: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 9596: 9590: 9430:"Sensasi Rasa Unik Botok Lebah yang Menyengat (Unique taste sensation botok with stinging bees)" 9319: 7967: 7215: 5726: 723:(within the Apidae) appeared around 53 Mya. The Colletidae appear as fossils only from the late 13467: 13336: 11576: 11553: 11509: 11448: 11303: 8386: 6444: 4253: 3840: 2159: 690: 479: 149: 12472: 9553: 8353: 7779: 7228: 6383: 5693: 1693: 13512: 13429: 13321: 13111: 13106: 12957: 11581: 11531: 11526: 11504: 11388: 9720: 8534: 7714:

An Annotated Catalog of the Halictid Bees of the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)

7311: 6709: 6240: 5359: 4679: 3929: 2951: 2910: 2681:

which imitates both the appearance and the scent of a female bee; male bees attempt to mate (

2655:, all of which gain a measure of protection by superficially looking and behaving like bees. 2255: 2100: 9586: 9248:

An Assessment of Non-Apis Bees as Fruit and Vegetable Crop Pollinators in Southwest Virginia

8175:

Yordanova, Monika; Evison, Sophie E. F.; Gill, Richard J.; Graystock, Peter (1 April 2022).

7484: 6839: 6683: 4479: 609:

in the same region. Later in the Cretaceous (80 million years ago), colletid bees colonized

13276: 13070: 13057: 12700: 11487: 11453: 11345: 9828: 9455:

Fink, Mark D. (2007). "Nutrient Composition of Bee Brood and its Potential as Human Food".

9247: 9078: 8920: 8791: 8188: 8064: 7354: 7166: 7103: 6994: 6919: 6908:"Short-amplitude high-frequency wing strokes determine the aerodynamics of honeybee flight" 6573: 6309: 6028: 5948: 5900: 5849: 5643: 5584: 5121: 5067: 4970: 4869: 4757: 4718: 4621: 4564: 4437: 4347: 4164: 3575: 3553: 2886: 2441: 2222: 2067:

which are commonly known by their nesting behavior or preferences, namely: carpenter bees,

1920: 794: 771: 31: 3717:

Among Classical Era authors, beekeeping with the use of smoke is described in Aristotle's

2659: 2619: 1910:; when the castes are morphologically discrete, the system is considered highly eusocial. 8: 13434: 13379: 13261: 13146: 13131: 13015: 12558: 12356: 12338: 12128: 11711: 11663: 11638: 11340: 9549: 9121:"EFSA identifies risks to bees from neonicotinoids | European Food Safety Authority" 8977: 8853: 8388:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

6657: 3625: 3580: 3051:”. Without these vital nutrients, honey bee morbidity rates rise, and the possibility of 2863: 2543:

which consume carrion and wasp brood, turning meat into a honey-like substance. Drinking

2460:

The gut of bees is relatively simple, but multiple metabolic strategies exist in the gut

2072: 2026: 836: 506: 427: 9810:"Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers" 9679:"Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers" 9592:

American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies

9082: 8924: 8795: 8192: 8068: 7993: 7358: 7264:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

7170: 7107: 6998: 6923: 6739: 6577: 6313: 6032: 5952: 5904: 5853: 5647: 5588: 5125: 5071: 4974: 4873: 4761: 4722: 4625: 4568: 4441: 4351: 3388:

by killing the soil it grows in, inhibiting bees from ingesting the necessary nutrients

2584:

in the arid parts of the United States southwest is associated with some 40 oligoleges.

2575:

species may only be effectively pollinated by a single bee species, and some plants are

1775:

Willing to die for their sisters: worker honey bees killed defending their hive against

739:. The Megachilidae are known from trace fossils (characteristic leaf cuttings) from the 12952: 12752: 12725: 12053: 11998: 11948: 11859: 11849: 11786: 11761: 11696: 11671: 11643: 11543: 11330: 9708: 9472: 9102: 8943: 8908: 8865: 8812: 8779: 8683: 8631: 8623: 8305: 8217: 8176: 8157: 8095: 8052: 7426: 7401: 7377: 7342: 7284: 7259: 7198: 7134: 7091: 6942: 6907: 6597: 6538: 6364: 6325: 6106: 6073: 6049: 6016: 5972: 5873: 5765: 5666: 5631: 5607: 5572: 5546: 5497: 5427: 5387:"Cleaner Mites: Sanitary Mutualism in the Miniature Ecosystem of Neotropical Bee Nests" 5289: 5239: 5201: 5144: 5113: 4986: 4936: 4924: 4893: 4835: 4780: 4745: 4639: 4505: 4370: 4335: 4238: 3911:

restricted some pesticides to stop bee populations from declining further. In 2014 the

3799: 3719: 3492: 3476: 3411: 3048: 2935: 2894: 2742: 2576: 1951:, with complex nest architecture and perennial colonies also established via swarming. 1887: 1722: 1666:

Bees differ from closely related groups such as wasps by having branched or plume-like

820: 312: 157: 139: 9809: 9173:

Bees and the crops they pollinate are at risk from climate change, IPCC report to warn

7017: 6982: 5315: 3616: 3463:

The image of a community of honey bees has been used from ancient to modern times, in

13156: 13126: 13075: 13065: 13040: 12974: 12669: 12600: 12591: 12485: 12214: 11819: 11691: 11630: 11608: 11586: 11470: 11422: 11296: 10724: 10556: 10239: 9814: 9783:

at All Living Things – images, identification guides, and maps of bees

9712: 9700: 9663: 9636: 9600: 9561: 9106: 9094: 8948: 8835: 8817: 8635: 8392: 8359: 8332: 8272: 8248: 8222: 8204: 8149: 8141: 8100: 8082: 7785: 7751: 7660: 7490: 7431: 7382: 7317: 7289: 7234: 7190: 7182: 7139: 7121: 7022: 6979: 6947: 6763: 6633: 6589: 6546: 6389: 6343:

Yanega, D. (1993). "Environmental effects on male production and social structure in

6111: 6093: 6054: 5995: 5964: 5939: 5916: 5912: 5865: 5699: 5671: 5612: 5542: 5489: 5476: 5419: 5365: 5330: 5149: 5080: 5055: 5032: 4982: 4928: 4897: 4885: 4827: 4785: 4685: 4657: 4652: 4609: 4590: 4582: 4509: 4495: 4455: 4401: 4375: 4208: 3406: 3279: 3255: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3092: 3012: 2708: 2581: 2433: 2419: 2407: 1948: 1858: 1847: 1795: 1700: 1689: 1659: 1220: 356: 38: 9476: 9296:. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Archived from 8687: 8161: 7343:"Mechanosensory hairs in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) detect weak electric fields" 7202: 6601: 6368: 6329: 5976: 5877: 5550: 5501: 5293: 5205: 4990: 4940: 4839: 4300:

about, making a buzzing noise, and apparently calling on the others to go to sleep".

3727:, but "kings" rather than queens; predators including toads and bee-eaters; and the 1898:. The group is called eusocial if, in addition, the group consists of a mother (the 1891: 13326: 13208: 13101: 13096: 12962: 12481: 12437: 12425: 12346: 12148: 11953: 11900: 11895: 11829: 11814: 11756: 11721: 11571: 11566: 11499: 11465: 11393: 10977: 10909: 10709: 10266: 10017: 9780: 9690: 9659: 9632: 9503: 9464: 9350: 9086: 8938: 8928: 8838:. Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences. 29 January 2007. 8807: 8799: 8679: 8675: 8615: 8297: 8212: 8196: 8131: 8090: 8072: 7852: 7844: 7741: 7693: 7462: 7421: 7413: 7372: 7362: 7279: 7271: 7174: 7129: 7111: 7012: 7002: 6937: 6927: 6581: 6530: 6356: 6317: 6187: 6101: 6085: 6044: 6036: 5956: 5908: 5891:

Hamilton, W. D. (20 March 1964). "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour II".

5857: 5809:, with Notes on the Temporal Articulation of Oviposition Process in Stingless Bees" 5661: 5651: 5602: 5592: 5538: 5481: 5471: 5431: 5409: 5401: 5281: 5273: 5191: 5183: 5139: 5129: 5085: 5075: 5027: 4978: 4954:

Almeida, Eduardo A. B.; Pie, Marcio R.; Brady, Sean G.; Danforth, Bryan N. (2012).

4920: 4877: 4819: 4775: 4765: 4726: 4647: 4629: 4572: 4487: 4445: 4365: 4355: 3662: 3504: 3287: 3226: 3068: 3056: 3052: 3028: 3016: 2769:, leading to the colony's destruction; the parasites can then move to other hives. 2682: 2640: 2615: 2518: 2276: 2176: 2164: 2145: 685: 554: 380: 12870: 9508: 9491: 9090: 7092:"Division of labor in honey bee gut microbiota for plant polysaccharide digestion" 5632:"The bee tree of life: a supermatrix approach to apoid phylogeny and biogeography" 4881: 2873:, specialises in feeding on bees; here a male catches a nuptial gift for his mate. 1718:

The abdomen has nine segments, the hindermost three being modified into the sting.

1269: 497:

for stingless bees) has been practised for millennia, since at least the times of

12852: 12764: 12449: 12294: 12279: 12274: 12209: 11890: 11854: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11681: 11653: 11427: 11350: 10938: 10439: 10342: 10248: 9950: 9934: 9677:

Goulson, Dave; Nicholls, Elizabeth; Botías, Cristina; Rotheray, Ellen L. (2015).

9254: 9179: 9120: 8998: 8972: 8933: 8860: 8200: 8077: 7712: 7341:

Suttona, Gregory P.; Clarkea, Dominic; Morleya, Erica L.; Robert, Daniel (2016).

6627: 4770: 4730: 4428: 3817: 3775: 3453: 2976:. However, some bees are believed to have a mutualistic relationship with mites. 2869: 2787: 2766: 2737: 2720: 2698: 2598: 2513: 2500: 2429: 2403: 2039: 1930: 1744: 1074: 824: 807: 681: 606: 494: 436: 423: 126: 12513: 11968: 8177:"The threat of pesticide and disease co-exposure to managed and wild bee larvae" 5169:"An Early Eocene bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Quilchena, British Columbia" 517:

have practiced large-scale intensive meliponiculture since pre-Columbian times.

13452: 13343: 13316: 13242: 13116: 13000: 12933: 12776: 12742: 12735: 12289: 12254: 12046: 11973: 11958: 11938: 11676: 11521: 11516: 11410: 11398: 11134: 10886: 10759: 10674: 10636: 10526: 10516: 10511: 10447: 10386: 10317: 10276: 10256: 10216: 10187: 9982: 9820: 8881:"What a scientist didn't tell the New York Times about his study on bee deaths" 4017: 3916: 3908: 3875: 3860: 3612: 3599: 3557: 3519: 3457: 3334: 3234: 3218: 3210: 3206: 2964: 2946: 2927: 2725: 2716: 2703: 2678: 2628: 2603: 2469: 2465: 2449: 2384: 2379: 2366: 2352: 2236: 1925: 1862: 1818: 1160: 1033: 912: 904: 816: 811: 708: 553:

Based on phylogenetic analysis, bees are thought to have originated during the

502: 9468: 8619: 8136: 8119: 7848: 7509:. Batesian mimicry .. is exemplified by members of several families of flies: 7178: 6585: 5597: 5573:"Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees" 4577: 4552: 4491: 4450: 4423: 4336:"The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology" 2004:(Apidae) include some primitively eusocial species with similar biology. Some 1525: 325: 13540: 13534: 13399: 12944: 12824: 12759: 12730: 12390: 12314: 12246: 11335: 11251: 11215: 11207: 10891: 10714: 10694: 10654: 10626: 10286: 10261: 10224: 10203: 10009: 9355: 9338: 8734:"Wild bees just as important as domesticated bees for pollinating food crops" 8443: 8255:; and many others since questioning Gottfried Hermann's 1806 equation of the 8208: 8145: 8086: 7730:"Seeing in the dark: vision and visual behaviour in nocturnal bees and wasps" 7186: 7125: 6844: 6812: 6593: 6097: 5656: 5134: 4889: 4586: 4268: 4263: 4106: 3986: 3892: 3585: 3533: 3432: 3338: 3044: 3008: 2931: 2904: 2890: 2792: 2488: 2477: 2388: 2347: 2340: 2302: 2240: 2205: 2035: 1984: 1963: 1940: 1842: 1766: 1727: 1678: 1569: 1068: 1027: 618: 614: 562: 498: 404: 392: 302: 90: 12199: 9695: 9678: 8049: 7466: 7367: 7116: 7007: 6932: 6276:

Brooks, R. W.; Roubik, D. W. (1983). "A Halictine bee with distinct castes:

6192: 5960: 5861: 4823: 4360: 4333: 3147:, boosting the next generations immunity and improving overall hive health. 2592: 2136: 2094: 694:, was initially considered "an extinct lineage of pollen-collecting Apoidea 13331: 13296: 13220: 12990: 12837:

Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)

12814: 12792: 12747: 12625: 12284: 12189: 11824: 11751: 11716: 11561: 11494: 11417: 11355: 11277: 11238: 11139: 11101: 11084: 10850: 10813: 10805: 10699: 10689: 10679: 10591: 10561: 10457: 10429: 10409: 10391: 10229: 10072: 10064: 10022: 9895: 9704: 9201: 9098: 9003: 8992:

Fears for crops as shock figures from America show scale of bee catastrophe

8952: 8821: 8288:

Scheinberg, Susan (1979). "The Bee Maidens of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes".

8226: 8153: 8104: 7755: 7541: 7435: 7417: 7386: 7293: 7275: 7194: 7143: 7026: 6951: 6550: 6115: 6089: 6058: 5968: 5869: 5675: 5616: 5493: 5423: 5230:, a New Fossil Bee Species from Dominican Amber (Hymenoptera:Halictidae)". 5153: 4932: 4831: 4789: 4661: 4634: 4594: 4528: 4459: 4379: 4258: 4066: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3856: 3848: 3728: 3640:(2015) tells the tale of a hive bee named Flora 717 from hatching onwards. 3630: 3620: 3571: 3108: 3096: 3084: 2919: 2804: 2693: 2437: 2423: 2411: 2283: 2105: 2088: 1915: 1803: 1784: 1776: 1735: 1553: 1450: 1389: 1385: 1250: 1180: 908: 589: 292: 12226: 11943: 11922: 6321: 6072:

Brady, Seán G.; Sipes, Sedonia; Pearson, Adam; Danforth, Bryan N. (2006).

5920: 2050:

bees for these species. Solitary bees typically produce neither honey nor

13499: 13490: 13394: 13225: 13196: 13121: 13091: 13045: 12995: 12819: 12661: 12158: 12138: 12006: 11885: 11648: 11124: 11106: 11011: 10990: 10964: 10876: 10863: 10795: 10787: 10777: 10769: 10611: 10601: 10581: 10531: 10521: 10481: 10424: 10401: 10376: 10366: 10332: 10281: 10043: 9966: 9852: 7526: 5485: 5011:

Michez, Denis; Nel, Andre; Menier, Jean-Jacques; Rasmont, Pierre (2007).

4226: 4172: 4021: 4001: 3829: 3814: 3724: 3711: 3699: 3695: 3543: 3484: 3295: 3267: 3251: 3196: 3132: 3104: 2842: 2671: 2624: 2533: 2525: 2209: 2055: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1866: 1823: 1434: 1063: 938: 933: 889: 861: 828: 799: 786: 780: 760: 744: 698:

to the modern bees", but subsequent research has rejected the claim that

547: 530: 510: 396: 352: 214: 65: 12634: 12231: 11706: 9800: 9018:"Beekeepers Report Continued Heavy Losses From Colony Collapse Disorder" 7309: 6040: 5947:(5880). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1213–1216. 5816:

Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Series Vi. Zoology

5769: 5259:"Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)" 5243: 5090: 4320:

Engel, M. S. (2005) Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea).

2335: 451:, the former primarily as an energy source and the latter primarily for 13171: 13166: 13023: 12938: 12319: 12309: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12204: 12078: 12036: 12016: 11988: 11978: 11365: 11246: 11230: 11222: 11211: 11203: 11182: 11129: 11006: 10998: 10956: 10930: 10858: 10738: 10704: 10616: 10576: 10566: 10551: 10414: 10296: 10271: 10195: 10159: 10035: 9958: 8707:"Pollinators help one-third of world's crop production, says new study" 8120:"Functional roles and metabolic niches in the honey bee gut microbiota" 7856: 7781:

Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behaviour and Floral Evolution

7746: 7729: 7679: 6542: 6360: 5385:

Biani, Natalia B.; Mueller, Ulrich G.; Wcislo, William T. (June 2009).

4643: 4160: 4098: 4070: 3951: 3821: 3649: 3437: 3222: 2981: 2943: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2814: 2809: 2773: 2652: 2636: 2529: 2461: 2375: 2318: 2130: 2122: 2084: 2076: 2068: 2043: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1907: 1903: 1895: 1749: 1548: 1520: 1492: 1381: 1360: 1184: 1090: 995: 965: 878: 874: 865: 857: 832: 785:

The earliest animal-pollinated flowers were shallow, cup-shaped blooms

720: 695: 602: 598: 594: 581: 490: 431: 419: 412: 297: 287: 282: 272: 110: 75: 30:

This article is about the group of flying insects. For other uses, see

13504: 12653: 9791: 8803: 8627: 8475:"The Bees by Laline Paull review – a fantasy with a sting in its tail" 8391:. Springer Science & Business Media. 12 March 2008. p. 1074. 8309: 7486:

Bumble Bees and Cuckoo Bumble Bees of California (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

6494:"Spring signals female bees to lay the next generation of pollinators" 5414: 5196: 3915:

report warned that bees faced increased risk of extinction because of

2020: 888:, 2018, elevated the subfamilies (plus one tribe and one subtribe) of 13389: 13005: 12720: 12324: 12304: 12299: 12108: 12093: 11910: 11615: 11199: 11195: 11149: 11114: 11040: 11032: 11019: 10969: 10943: 10901: 10871: 10751: 10746: 10719: 10684: 10669: 10571: 10546: 10501: 10473: 10419: 10371: 10327: 10322: 10309: 10114: 10106: 10085: 9883: 9871: 8578: 7697: 7522: 7518: 7510: 5285: 4677: 4211:

which are abdominal exocrine glands containing various chemicals. In

4204: 4168: 4078: 4074: 4029: 4025: 3955: 3844: 3825: 3675: 3607: 3496: 3464: 3448:. Honey, according to a Greek myth, was discovered by a nymph called 3381: 3373: 3369: 3357: 3342: 3317: 3306: 3184: 3172: 3164: 3116: 3076: 3004: 2960: 2923: 2878: 2797: 2762: 2733: 2644: 2561: 2544: 2410:, indicating the range and direction to food to other workers with a 2279: 2141: 2118: 2059: 1959: 1899: 1806:

species such as bees because of their unusual relatedness structure.

1708: 1022: 961: 900: 870: 724: 639: 610: 543: 539: 534: 472: 464: 408: 400: 388: 384: 364: 194: 174: 115: 59: 13461: 11963: 11839: 7230:

Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization

6534: 5455:

Klimov, Pavel B.; OConnor, Barry M.; Knowles, L. Lacey (June 2007).

5187: 5054:

Sarzetti, Laura C.; Lanandeira, Conrad C.; Genise, Jorge F. (2008).

2901:

dig up bumblebee nests and eat both the larvae and any stored food.

1752:

whose workers are less than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) in length.

399:

in colonies while most species (>90%) – including

13484: 13286: 13191: 13033: 13028: 12809: 12351: 12236: 12163: 12143: 12088: 12031: 12026: 12021: 11591: 11319: 11144: 10917: 10827: 10646: 10486: 10135: 10093: 10051: 10001: 9995: 9974: 9906: 9889: 9804: 9795: 8836:"Honey Bee Die-Off Alarms Beekeepers, Crop Growers and Researchers" 8663: 8301: 8271:(NY: Courier, 1937; reprinted as recently as NY: Dover, 2012), 97. 7514: 5782: 5405: 4746:"The Antiquity and Evolutionary History of Social Behavior in Bees" 4334:

Danforth, B. N.; Sipes, S.; Fang, J.; Brady, S. G. (October 2006).

4287: 4184: 4176: 4094: 3997: 3959: 3764: 3687: 3416: 3389: 3385: 3384:

on lawns and for other agricultural uses destroy the livelihood of

3377: 3365: 3353: 3349: 3302: 3275: 3259: 3230: 3195:

to receive vital nutrients they cannot create on their own such as

3192: 3168: 3140: 3120: 3112: 3100: 3064: 3040: 3036: 3024: 3020: 3000: 2956: 2662:

of other aposematic insects with the same colour scheme, including

2648: 2504:). Digestion of pectin and hemicellulose is dominated by bacterial 2244: 2080: 1971: 1944: 1830: 1780: 1216: 765: 736: 713: 654:, leading to the extinction of some bee lineages such as the tribe 558: 526: 460: 234: 224: 130: 105: 100: 85: 80: 70: 12570: 12522: 9502:(2). Taylor & Francis, Journal of Apicultural Research: 1–28. 8909:"Iridovirus and Microsporidian Linked to Honey Bee Colony Decline" 7402:"Bees use the taste of pollen to determine which flowers to visit" 7216:

Plant guttation provides nutrient-rich food for insects - Journals

7041:"How honey bee gut bacteria help to digest their pollen-rich diet" 6412: 5630:

Hedtke, Shannon M.; Patiny, Sébastien; Danforth, Bryan M. (2013).

4743: 4524:"Widespread losses of pollinating insects revealed across Britain" 3515: 2736:. Females of these species lack pollen collecting structures (the 1886:

colonies; these are characterised by cooperative brood care and a

1878:

Bees may be solitary or may live in various types of communities.

1703:

are adapted for both chewing and sucking by having both a pair of

379:. There are over 20,000 known species of bees in seven recognized 13281: 13237: 13203: 13181: 13136: 12461: 12219: 12153: 12123: 12103: 12098: 12083: 12063: 11917: 11905: 11875: 11834: 11798: 11731: 11686: 11482: 11443: 11074: 10920:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets) 9942: 9297: 7506: 6078:

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences

6074:"Recent and simultaneous origins of eusociality in halictid bees" 5522:

Debevec, Andrew H.; Cardinal, Sophie; Danforth, Bryan N. (2012).

4180: 4102: 4062: 4058: 4047: 4005: 3707: 3683: 3671: 3634: 3584:(1984) uses bees and beekeeping as part of its story and puzzle. 3500: 3488: 3480: 3449: 3271: 3247: 3188: 2939: 2882: 2846: 2758: 2753:) are being destroyed by parasitic workers of the Cape honeybee, 2667: 2611: 2538: 2445: 2110: 2051: 1814: 1810: 1394: 728: 703: 659: 468: 452: 422:, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated 368: 244: 120: 95: 9463:(4). Taylor & Francis, Ecology Food and Nutrition: 257–270. 7483:

Thorp, Robbin W.; Horning, Donald S.; Dunning, Lorry L. (1983).

6280:(Hymenoptera: Halictidae) and its bionomics in Central Panama". 6014: 5691: 3883:

mites were thought to be responsible for about half the losses.

1802:. The requirements for eusociality are more easily fulfilled by 1742:

The largest species of bee is thought to be Wallace's giant bee

13215: 12916: 12905: 12797: 12771: 12546: 12378: 12168: 12058: 12041: 12011: 11791: 11746: 11736: 11477: 11360: 11190: 10506: 9877: 9865: 7898:"Found! First Known Predator To Lure Prey By Mimicking Flowers" 7710: 5111: 4090: 4051: 3865: 3770: 3759: 3691: 3472: 3445: 3441: 3420: 3361: 3326: 3322: 3283: 3214: 2969: 2898: 2838: 2800: 2729: 2565: 2473: 2436:

in the honey bee. He showed that honey bees communicate by the

2370: 2322: 2260: 1975: 1954: 1731: 1682: 1429: 803: 790: 740: 677: 647: 635: 585: 566: 514: 448: 444: 340: 277: 204: 184: 13447: 9044:"Hiver fatal pour la moitié des colonies d'abeilles en Suisse" 8664:"A 17th Century Testimony on the Use of Ceramic Top-bar Hives" 8181:

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

6298: 3055:

can spike, leading to unhealthy bee hives and honey shortage.

2394: 1771: 13186: 12413: 12068: 11741: 11620: 11603: 10349: 8355:

The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland

6133:. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 4188: 4135: 4034: 3993: 3852: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3679: 3537: 3468: 3427: 3330: 3291: 3263: 3200: 3176: 3144: 3088: 3032: 2572: 2505: 2387:, it flaps approximately 230 times per second, faster than a 2287: 2228: 2064: 1854: 1692:

usually have 13 segments in males and 12 in females, and are

999: 456: 372: 360: 9769: 8174: 7400:

Muth, Felicity; Francis, Jacob S.; Leonard, Anne S. (2016).

6983:"Honey bees Navigate According to a Map-Like Spatial Memory" 5839: 4802: 3654: 3067:

lowers the morbidity rate of honey bees by preventing those

2547:

drops from leaves is also a source of energy and nutrients.

2399: 13230: 12517: 11726: 11288: 11082: 7448: 7340: 6247: 5278:

10.1206/0003-0090(2000)250<0001:COTBTA>2.0.CO;2

4910: 4549: 4420: 4130: 4086: 4082: 4043: 4039: 3619:. Critics found its premise awkward and its delivery tame. 3180: 3153: 2973: 2918:

Specialist ambush predators of visitors to flowers include

2663: 2232: 2126: 1813:(has only one copy of each gene), his daughters (which are 1667: 643: 455:

and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for their

344: 9273:. US Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin, No. 653 3337:

and lead to a higher morbidity rate in honey bees. "These

2922:, which wait on flowering plants for pollinating insects; 11061: 11053: 9622: 9492:"Standard methods for Apis mellifera brood as human food" 6782:"Is it aerodynamically impossible for bumblebees to fly?" 6071: 3035:. Recently these types of bees have been observed eating 2685:) with the furry lip of the flower, thus pollinating it. 348: 9209: 8758: 8019:"Zygosaccharomyces - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 7550:. Oxford University Press. pp. 196, 403 and passim. 6737: 6381: 5994:(5th ed.). Wiley Blackwell. pp. 328, 348–350. 5357: 5053: 3702:

crops and to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers.

9418:(This particular Botok recipe uses anchovies, not bees) 9266: 6686:. The South Carolina Mid-State Beekeepers Association. 6413:

Parker, Frank D.; Torchio, Philip F. (1 October 1980).

5521: 4953: 3873:. In 2010 invertebrate iridescent virus and the fungus 2468:

sugars and so easily absorbed, pollen contains complex

2008:

bees (Apidae) form primitively eusocial colonies, with

895:

to family status. They also recovered the placement of

569:. The supercontinent is thought to have been a largely 557:(about 124 million years ago) on the supercontinent of 9322:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 19 January 2012. 5570: 5010: 4482:

Stingless Bees: Their Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution

3452:("Bee"); and honey was offered to the Greek gods from 2790:". Others parasitize bees in different families, like 1970:

Many bumblebees are eusocial, similar to the eusocial

1432:(inc. honeybees, cuckoo bees, carpenter bees) ≈87 Mya 706:

to which bees belong, instead treating the lineage as

8777: 8118:

Bonilla-Rosso, Germán; Engel, Philipp (1 June 2018).

7773: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7449:

Hurd, P.D. Jr.; Linsley, E.G. (1975). "The principal

7316:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 80. 7310:

Dafni, Amots; Hesse, Michael; Pacini, Ettore (2012).

7089: 6015:

Nowak, Martin; Tarnita, Corina; Wilson, E.O. (2010).

4105:

as well as vitamin C. The fat was composed mostly of

3939:, leading to less reliance on honey bee populations. 3348:

With the research provided on the positive impact of

2852: 37:"Anthophila" redirects here. For the moth genus, see 9794: – North American species of bees at 9489: 8247:(Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1980), 11. 6808:"Life, animal and plant news, articles and features" 6385:

The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study

5629: 5454: 5361:

The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study

5336: 5320:

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia

4553:"The evolutionary history of bees in time and space" 4424:"The evolutionary history of bees in time and space" 4207:

are mostly associated with the poison gland and the

3119:

that have shown to be toxic towards the bee colony.

2813:, while the other species in the same genus attacks 2034:

Most other bees, including familiar insects such as

355:

and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the

12900: 8661: 8126:. Environmental Microbiology * The New Microscopy. 7482: 7478: 7476: 5785:"Oviposition Behavior of Two Dwarf Stingless Bees, 2670:

and other beetles, and many butterflies and moths (

915:, was recovered as the most sister family to bees. 873:. In their study, the placement of the monogeneric 9595:(2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 9402:"Botok Tempe Tahu Teri (Botok Tempe Tofu Anchovy)" 9372:"U.N. Urges Eating Insects: 8 Popular Bugs to Try" 8239:Susan Scheinberg, "The Bee Maidens of the Homeric 8117: 7838: 7762: 7399: 7226: 5384: 5266:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4805:"A fossil bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber" 4400:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 19–25. 2803:, two species of which are cleptoparasites of the 2391:(200 times per second) which is 80 times smaller. 2058:have similar behaviours, and a few species of bee 9587:"Chapter 9: Pharmacologic and Biologic Therapies" 9369: 8907:W. Wanner; Robert A. Cramer Jr (6 October 2010). 8577: 8287: 4711:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 4150:Fried whole bees served in a Ukrainian restaurant 3670:Humans have kept honey bee colonies, commonly in 3415:Gold plaques embossed with winged bee goddesses. 3039:, suggesting that honey bees have been “foraging 2989: 2963:. Honey bees are affected by parasites including 2942:are large wasps that habitually attack bees; the 1929:, native to Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. 688:. A fossil from the early Cretaceous (~100 mya), 13532: 9850: 9222:Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education 8553: 7784:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 215–216. 7778:Chittka, Lars; Thomson, James D. (28 May 2001). 7717:. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 28–29. 7473: 6625: 4678:Buchmann, Stephen L.; Nabhan, Gary Paul (2012). 4486:. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer New York. 3491:, and by political and social theorists such as 2749:In Southern Africa, hives of African honeybees ( 9291: 9197:"EU agrees total ban on bee-harming pesticides" 9068: 8591:. Clarendon Press. pp. Book 9, Section 40. 7925: 7839:Friedmann, Herbert (1955). "The Honey-Guides". 7096:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 6912:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5450: 5448: 5353: 5351: 4708: 4327: 3843:has overtaken the role of honey production for 3532:Some of the oldest examples of bees in art are 3460:and the prophetess was sometimes called a bee. 3282:sp. is essential for S. depilis larvae”. These 2606:of bees, taking nectar and pollinating a flower 1760: 1685:) which provide information on light intensity. 9516: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8039: 7873:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Archived from 7777: 7659:(5th ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 347. 7654: 7257: 7233:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 110–. 6969:. Harcourt, Brace & World. pp. 93–96. 6469:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Archived from 6217:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Archived from 5989: 5884: 5783:Sakagami, Shôichi F.; Zucchi, Ronaldo (1974). 5166: 4673: 4671: 4620:(4). National Academy of Sciences: 1661–1664. 4391: 4389: 3436:describes three bee-maidens with the power of 3246:As mentioned above, honey bees cannot produce 3011:with vital nutrients. Specific fungi, such as 2949:estimated that a single colony of the beewolf 1981:International Union for Conservation of Nature 702:is a bee, or even a member of the superfamily 12886: 11304: 9836: 9454: 8731: 8600: 8598: 8573: 8571: 7841:Bulletin of the United States National Museum 7489:. University of California Press. p. 9. 6443:. Royal Entomological Society. Archived from 5751: 5344:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–67. 5232:Journal of the New York Entomological Society 4744:Cardinal, Sophie; Danforth, Bryan N. (2011). 4057:Bee brood (pupae and larvae) although low in 3847:in many countries. After the introduction of 3566:(1910) features Babbity Bumble and her brood 2893:attacks bees' nests and eats the larvae. The 2677:Bees are also mimicked by plants such as the 2406:(1953) discovered that honey bee workers can 2015: 9725:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9432:(in Indonesian). Sayangi.com. Archived from 9421: 9363: 8381: 8379: 8269:The Sacred Bee in Ancient Times and Folklore 6779: 6629:Ecology and Natural History of Tropical Bees 6275: 5721: 5719: 5445: 5364:. Harvard University Press. pp. 22–78. 5348: 4904: 4225:. There is also evidence of n-triscosane, n- 3992:Honey bees are used commercially to produce 3789: 3400: 3023:ruber, produce chemicals that fight against 2728:occur in several bee families including the 2356: 617:(with an offshoot lineage evolving into the 9585:Ades, Terri B.; Russel, Jill, eds. (2009). 8854:Scientists and Soldiers Solve a Bee Mystery 8559: 8036: 6958: 6733: 6731: 6516: 6514: 5758:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 5698:. Cambridge University Press. p. 454. 5692:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005). 5687: 5685: 5342:Evolution of Plant-Pollinator Relationships 4853: 4668: 4386: 3395: 2492:), and two other groups in complex sugars ( 2395:Navigation, communication, and finding food 2383:as the bee's wing beat covers such a small 1662:of a honey bee, showing labium and maxillae 802:, flowers developed floral rewards such as 12893: 12879: 11311: 11297: 9843: 9829: 9584: 9394: 9267:Hunt, C.L.; Atwater, H.W. (7 April 1915). 9194: 8595: 8568: 8351: 7942:"Honey Bee Disorders: Honey Bee Parasites" 7711:Moure, Jesus S.; Hurd, Paul David (1987). 7156: 6964: 6632:. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. 6619: 5833: 5623: 4601: 4232: 4155: 383:. Some species – including 138: 13546:Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances 9694: 9649: 9625:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 9578: 9507: 9354: 8942: 8932: 8811: 8662:Harissis, H. V.; Mavrofridis, G. (2012). 8604: 8376: 8345: 8216: 8135: 8094: 8076: 7745: 7453:bees of the southwestern United States". 7425: 7376: 7366: 7283: 7220: 7133: 7115: 7016: 7006: 6941: 6931: 6491: 6388:. Harvard University Press. p. 308. 6241:"Bumblebee Specialist Group: 2011 Update" 6207: 6191: 6105: 6048: 5932: 5930: 5716: 5665: 5655: 5606: 5596: 5475: 5413: 5340:(2012). "3". In Patiny, Sébastien (ed.). 5250: 5219: 5195: 5143: 5133: 5089: 5079: 5031: 5020:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 4779: 4769: 4651: 4633: 4576: 4449: 4369: 4359: 4042:, bee larvae are eaten as a companion to 3913:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2532:, some are not. Particularly unusual are 2212:remains in the flower with a bee visitor. 1673:Bees have the following characteristics: 759:Long-tongued bees and long-tubed flowers 670:The oldest non-compression bee fossil is 418:Bees are found on every continent except 9548: 9046:. Radio Télévision Suisse. 22 May 2012. 7645:(1): 28–31. Retrieved 26 September 2015. 7305: 7303: 6728: 6520: 6511: 5890: 5682: 5564: 4859: 4395: 4167:that uses honey bee products, including 3922: 3886: 3731:, with the "irresistible suggestion" of 3661: 3653: 3514: 3510: 3410: 3187:. Bee larvae are incapable of producing 2903: 2862: 2692: 2623: 2591: 2398: 2334: 2235:stage during which the insect undergoes 2186: 2135: 2093: 2019: 1953: 1853: 1841: 1770: 1721: 1653: 1645:Characteristics of common wasps and bees 852:Molecular phylogeny was used by Debevic 754: 509:where beekeeping is far more common. In 8744:from the original on 6 September 2017. 7727: 7655:Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (2014). 7505:Of the forms of mimicry, two relate to 6872:"Deciphering the Mystery of Bee Flight" 6864: 6143: 5990:Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (2014). 5560:from the original on 23 September 2015. 5313: 5101:from the original on 24 September 2015. 5043:from the original on 23 September 2015. 5000:from the original on 21 September 2013. 4803:Poinar, G. O.; Danforth, B. N. (2006). 3835: 3312: 3241: 2587: 2555: 1779:, along with a dead yellowjacket. Such 459:. Vertebrate predators of bees include 14: 13533: 13177:List of crop plants pollinated by bees 9618: 9616: 9560:. World Scientific. pp. 221–224. 8372:from the original on 28 November 2016. 8322: 8290:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 8259:with bee-maidens. Heinrich Gottfried, 8245:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 7798:from the original on 24 December 2016. 6882:from the original on 17 September 2016 6563: 6402:from the original on 24 December 2016. 6342: 6170: 6128: 5927: 4796: 4477: 3954:(Apidae) are important pollinators of 3796:List of crop plants pollinated by bees 3075:(CCD) is when worker bees abandon the 2452:with a "rich, map-like organization". 2339:Honeybee in flight carrying pollen in 2305:nests in a cedar wood beam (sawn open) 856:, 2012, to demonstrate that the bees ( 827:, and, in turn, bees themselves. Bees 542:scenario may have occurred within the 13466: 13465: 12874: 11292: 9824: 9542: 9427: 9215: 9050:from the original on 12 November 2012 8828: 8694:from the original on 19 October 2015. 8472: 7994:"Curious about Fungi and Honey Bees?" 7991: 7896:Choi, Charles Q. (30 November 2013). 7820:from the original on 6 September 2015 7810:"Hornet attacks kill dozens in China" 7657:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 7503:from the original on 5 January 2017. 7300: 5992:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 5303:from the original on 10 January 2011. 5256: 5225: 5167:Engel, M.S.; Archibald, S.B. (2003). 4607: 4217:, the Dufour's Gland mostly contains 4004:, though all of these can also cause 3758:Beekeeping is described in detail by 3522:'s illustration of Babbity Bumble in 3456:. Bees were also associated with the 2877:Vertebrate predators of bees include 2688: 629:Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event 577:among bees ever since their origins. 525:The immediate ancestors of bees were 9195:Carrington, Damian (27 April 2018). 8966:"Honey bees in US facing extinction" 8887:from the original on 19 October 2012 8878: 8704: 8650:A Treatise on the Management of Bees 7895: 7871:"What predators do bumblebees have?" 7540: 7455:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 7258:Renner, S. S.; Schaefer, H. (2010). 6257:from the original on 3 December 2012 6203:from the original on 9 October 2022. 5215:from the original on 12 August 2017. 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4274: 3979: 3540:which have been dated to 15,000 BC. 2994: 2282:, wax canopy removed to show winged 2030:, cutting circles from acacia leaves 9643: 9613: 9257:. Diss. 2011. Web. 15 October 2015. 8415: 8325:The Hive: the Story of the Honeybee 7330:from the original on 28 March 2018. 7247:from the original on 28 March 2018. 6820:from the original on 7 October 2008 6302:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6008: 5712:from the original on 28 March 2018. 5441:from the original on 28 March 2018. 3298:a larger area and more frequently. 3047:medicine to boost their collective 881:was not included in this analysis. 482:is important both ecologically and 24: 9574:from the original on 7 March 2017. 9428:Haris, Emmaria (6 December 2013). 9326:from the original on 30 June 2016. 9320:"Propolis:MedlinePlus Supplements" 9161:from the original on 29 July 2013. 8879:Eban, Katherine (8 October 2010). 8541:from the original on 22 March 2016 7616:. Amateur Entomologists' Society. 6876:California Institute of Technology 6852:from the original on 23 March 2016 6646:from the original on 17 June 2016. 6417:. Beesource Beekeeping Community. 6152:from the original on 29 March 2015 5829:from the original on 4 March 2016. 5378: 4925:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153633 4046:, after being mixed with shredded 3698:from hives; bees are also kept to 3352:on bees, the relationship between 2853:Predators, parasites and pathogens 1649: 550:evolved from predatory ancestors. 371:. They are currently considered a 25: 13557: 9762: 9530:from the original on 18 June 2015 9408:from the original on 26 June 2015 9370:Holland, Jennifer (14 May 2013). 9185:(London). Retrieved 30 March 2014 9131:from the original on 28 July 2015 9024:from the original on 31 July 2010 9020:. Sciencedaily.com. 12 May 2008. 8842:from the original on 17 May 2008. 8515:from the original on 9 March 2016 8454:from the original on 23 June 2015 8424:from the original on 30 June 2015 8405:from the original on 4 July 2014. 7904:from the original on 30 June 2015 6788:from the original on 3 March 2009 6738:Shuckard, William Edward (1866). 6664:from the original on 29 June 2015 6421:from the original on 26 June 2015 6382:Michener, Charles Duncan (1974). 5358:Michener, Charles Duncan (1974). 5326:from the original on 1 July 2015. 4698:from the original on 27 May 2016. 4536: 4466: 3372:. The recent studies done on the 2934:of the tropics) wait motionless, 2820: 1783:behaviour may be favoured by the 1453:(mason, leafcutter bees) ≈50 Mya 561:, just prior to its breakup into 13446: 12846: 12512: 12480: 9733: 9670: 9483: 9448: 9330: 9312: 9285: 9260: 9188: 9165: 9143: 9113: 9062: 9036: 9010: 8984: 8959: 8899: 8872: 8846: 8771: 8752: 8725: 8713:from the original on 9 July 2015 8698: 8655: 8642: 8527: 8497: 8485:from the original on 1 July 2015 8466: 8436: 8409: 8316: 8281: 8233: 8168: 8111: 8011: 7992:White, Katie (2 February 2022). 7948:from the original on 1 July 2015 7684:and Nesting Biology of its Host 7620:from the original on 2 July 2015 7594:from the original on 7 July 2015 7568:from the original on 8 July 2015 7562:"Bee Orchids and Insect Mimicry" 6716:from the original on 1 July 2015 6690:from the original on 1 July 2015 6660:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust. 5733:from the original on 1 July 2015 5543:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00549.x 5511:from the original on 4 May 2019. 5477:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00119.x 5081:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00787.x 5033:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00307.x 4983:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02624.x 4684:. Island Press. pp. 41–42. 4293: 4143: 4122: 3967: 3944: 3666:Western honey bee on a honeycomb 2841:) contain some species that are 2643:by non-stinging insects such as 2310: 2295: 2268: 2153:are often sold for this purpose. 1573: 1552: 1524: 1496: 1454: 1433: 1393: 1268: 1219: 1183: 1163: 1093: 1073: 1032: 998: 964: 937: 877:was uncertain. The small family 731:. The Melittidae are known from 415: – are solitary. 161: 63: 11022:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps) 9496:Journal of Apicultural Research 8852:Johnson, Kirk (6 October 2010) 8705:Yang, Sarah (25 October 2006). 8124:Current Opinion in Microbiology 7985: 7960: 7934: 7919: 7889: 7863: 7832: 7802: 7734:Journal of Experimental Biology 7721: 7704: 7673: 7648: 7640:Norwegian Journal of Entomology 7632: 7606: 7580: 7554: 7534: 7442: 7393: 7334: 7251: 7209: 7150: 7083: 7058: 7033: 6973: 6899: 6832: 6800: 6773: 6752: 6702: 6676: 6650: 6608: 6557: 6485: 6459: 6433: 6406: 6375: 6336: 6292: 6269: 6233: 6173:"Stingless bee nesting biology" 6164: 6137: 6122: 6065: 5983: 5776: 5745: 5515: 5307: 5160: 5105: 5047: 5004: 4947: 4737: 4702: 4281: 4061:, has been found to be high in 3813:Bees play an important role in 3808: 3203:to complete their development. 2999:Recent studies have shown that 2914:paralysing a bee with its sting 2290:in irregularly placed wax cells 1800:Cost < Relatedness * Benefit 1572:(large Australian bees) ≈2 Mya 367:lineage within the superfamily 13292:Home-stored product entomology 9270:Honey and Its Uses in the Home 9171:Gosden, Emily (29 March 2014) 8990:Benjamin, Alison (2 May 2010) 8732:Connor, Steve (16 June 2015). 8680:10.1080/0005772x.2012.11417481 8537:. Bee Lore. 23 February 2008. 8473:Jones, Gwyneth (21 May 2014). 8358:. Penguin Books. p. 128. 7728:Warrant, Eric J. (June 2008). 7547:Adaptive Coloration in Animals 6744:. L. Reeve & Co. pp. 6615:The Bees of the World, Volum 1 6017:"The evolution of eusociality" 5893:Journal of Theoretical Biology 4516: 4414: 4314: 3768:; it is also mentioned in his 3658:A commercial beekeeper at work 3605:The 2007 animated comedy film 3229:. The introduction of certain 3167:relationship between bees and 3123:also plays a role in boosting 2990:Symbiosis of Mycelium and Bees 2524:Although most bee species are 2149:nests in a hole in dead wood. 1837: 795:syndrome of insect pollination 750: 426:. The most common bees in the 13: 1: 13375:Decline in insect populations 12968:List of insect-inspired songs 11241:(mason bees, leafcutter bees) 9741:"Why bees are climate heroes" 9509:10.1080/00218839.2016.1226606 9490:Annette Bruun Jensen (2016). 9457:Ecology of Food and Nutrition 9091:10.1126/science.335.6076.1555 8652:(London, 1768, 2nd edn 1770). 8562:Animal and Man in Bible Lands 8535:"Beekeeping in Ancient Egypt" 8243:", in Albert Heinrichs, ed., 6441:"Solitary Bees (Hymenoptera)" 4882:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104770 4396:Michener, Charles D. (2000). 4307: 3989:in Spain dated to 15,000 BC. 3643: 3158: 2365:had applied the equations of 2216: 860:) arose from deep within the 642:, and then spreading east to 12603:(metal in the United States) 11318: 9801:Native Bees of North America 9664:10.1016/0020-1790(82)90004-X 9637:10.1016/0305-0491(78)90229-8 8934:10.1371/journal.pone.0013181 8564:. Brill Archive. p. 79. 8505:"Ancient Egypt: Bee-keeping" 8201:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.03.001 8078:10.1371/journal.pone.0219696 6492:Westreich, Lila (May 2020). 6347:(Hymenoptera: Halictidae)". 6144:Sanford, Malcolm T. (2006). 5913:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6 4771:10.1371/journal.pone.0021086 4731:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.010 3859:, systematic pesticide use, 3820:, and are the major type of 3751: 3739: 3031:from different species, and 2455: 2263:and breaks out of the cell. 1761:Haplodiploid breeding system 1755: 907:. The newly erected family, 842: 520: 7: 9792:Anthophila (Apoidea) – Bees 8560:Bodenheimer, F. S. (1960). 8352:Steve Roud (6 April 2006). 7590:. Aculeata Research Group. 7588:"Obligate Brood Parasitism" 7227:Waser, Nickolas M. (2006). 6780:Adams, Cecil (4 May 1990). 6684:"Learning About Honey Bees" 5729:. Extension. 19 June 2014. 4913:Annual Review of Entomology 4247: 4115:polyunsaturated fatty acids 4111:monounsaturated fatty acids 4020:. People in some countries 3563:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse 3525:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse 3115:is a better alternative to 2175:, to distinguish them from 1347: 847: 467:; insect predators include 351:, known for their roles in 10: 13562: 13405:Pesticide toxicity to bees 13385:List of endangered insects 9151:"EU moves to protect bees" 7968:"Tarsonemus | Bee Mite ID" 7564:. Natural History Museum. 6762:, Aurum Press, pp. 91–92, 6566:Journal of Insect Behavior 5727:"Anatomy of the Honey Bee" 4608:Engel, Michael S. (2001). 4478:Grüter, Christoph (2020). 4236: 4129:Bee larvae as food in the 4028:, for consumption. In the 4011: 3804:Pesticide toxicity to bees 3793: 3745: 3733: 3647: 3549:The Lake Isle of Innisfree 3404: 3329:for nutrition and to make 2856: 2714: 2609: 2550: 2417: 2345: 2220: 2182: 2016:Solitary and communal bees 1871: 1764: 1730:, showing antennae, three 1642: 869:, which was thus rendered 778: 665: 36: 29: 13474: 13443: 13415: 13357: 13309: 13260: 13145: 13084: 13056: 13014: 12983: 12926: 12912: 12833: 12785: 12713: 12686: 12610: 12579: 12533: 12471: 12400: 12365: 12337: 12245: 12182: 11997: 11931: 11868: 11807: 11662: 11629: 11552: 11436: 11381: 11326: 11272: 11165: 11073: 11052: 11031: 10989: 10955: 10929: 10900: 10849: 10826: 10804: 10786: 10768: 10737: 10456: 10438: 10400: 10341: 10295: 10247: 10238: 10215: 10186: 10157: 10134: 10105: 10084: 10063: 10034: 10008: 9994: 9933: 9929: 9904: 9860: 9469:10.1080/03670240500187278 9404:. Tasty Indonesian Food. 9218:"Farming for native bees" 8620:10.1017/S0017383500015126 8583:Thompson, D'Arcy (trans.) 8267:, e.g. Hilda M. Ransome, 8261:Homeri nomine dignissimum 8137:10.1016/j.mib.2017.12.009 7944:. University of Georgia. 7849:10.5479/si.03629236.208.1 7690:American Museum Novitates 7688:(Hymenoptera, Apoidea)". 7179:10.1007/s00114-003-0497-1 6965:von Frisch, Karl (1953). 6658:"The bumblebee lifecycle" 6626:Roubik, David W. (1992). 6415:"Management of Wild Bees" 6129:Wilson, Edward O (1971). 5598:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 5176:The Canadian Entomologist 4681:The Forgotten Pollinators 4578:10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.005 4492:10.1007/978-3-030-60090-7 4451:10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.005 4322:American Museum Novitates 4198: 4069:, and a useful source of 3790:As commercial pollinators 3401:In mythology and folklore 3213:. The bees were fed aged 3191:at birth, so they ingest 2859:Diseases of the honey bee 2330: 1567: 1551:(plasterer bees) ≈25 Mya 1546: 1539: 1518: 1511: 1490: 1483: 1448: 1427: 1420: 1408: 1379: 1372: 1365: 1263: 1248: 1241: 1234: 1214: 1207: 1178: 1158: 1151: 1144: 1088: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1020: 1013: 993: 986: 979: 959: 952: 931: 924: 911:, formerly a subtribe of 658:. Over the Paleogene and 652:Eocene-Oligocene boundary 318: 311: 268: 263: 158:Scientific classification 156: 146: 137: 51: 13370:Colony collapse disorder 13365:Bees and toxic chemicals 9554:"Chapter 36: Apitherapy" 9356:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2083 9253:20 November 2015 at the 8981:(London), 14 March 2007. 8971:6 September 2008 at the 7926:Tinbergen, Niko (1958). 6894:Dr. Michael H. Dickinson 5695:Evolution of the Insects 5657:10.1186/1471-2148-13-138 5636:BMC Evolutionary Biology 5577:BMC Evolutionary Biology 5135:10.3897/zookeys.389.7076 4259:Fear of bees (apiphobia) 4214:Lasioglossum leucozonium 3871:colony collapse disorder 3396:Relationship with humans 3270:are naturally occurring 3143:, which are then fed to 3129:antibacterial resistance 3081:Colony collapse disorder 3073:Colony collapse disorder 3061:colony collapse disorder 2938:camouflaged as flowers. 2010:progressive provisioning 884:Further studies by Sann 733:Palaeomacropis eocenicus 13272:Insect bites and stings 13249:Drosophila melanogaster 13162:Biological pest control 12841:List of oldest heraldry 10025:(web-spinning sawflies) 9787:Bee Genera of the World 9696:10.1126/science.1255957 8997:4 December 2013 at the 8418:"Yeats in Bedford Park" 7529:(Gabritschevsky, 1926). 7467:10.5479/si.00810282.193 7368:10.1073/pnas.1601624113 7117:10.1073/pnas.1916224116 7008:10.1073/pnas.0408550102 6933:10.1073/pnas.0506590102 6586:10.1023/A:1020843606530 5961:10.1126/science.1156108 5862:10.1126/science.1156108 5752:Messer, A. C. (1984). " 5394:The American Naturalist 4963:Journal of Biogeography 4824:10.1126/science.1134103 4361:10.1073/pnas.0604033103 4233:Bees population decline 4193:evidence-based medicine 4156:As alternative medicine 3591:The Secret Life of Bees 3556:in the West of London. 2751:A. mellifera scutellata 2117:Most solitary bees are 1962:carrying pollen in its 1933:are a hybrid strain of 1913:True honey bees (genus 1726:Head-on view of a male 684:age (~70 mya) found in 395: – live 13337:Rats, Lice and History 11152:(thread-waisted wasps) 10980:(sierolomorphid wasps) 10912:(rhopalosomatid wasps) 10117:(parasitic wood wasps) 9178:29 August 2014 at the 8859:7 October 2010 at the 8588:The Works of Aristotle 7930:. Methuen. p. 21. 7418:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0356 7313:Pollen and Pollination 7276:10.1098/rstb.2009.0229 6171:Roubik, D. W. (2006). 6090:10.1098/rspb.2006.3496 5314:Houston, T.F. (1987). 4635:10.1073/pnas.041600198 4254:Australian native bees 4038:from Central and East 3667: 3659: 3529: 3424: 3341:can suffer with toxic 3217:, the assembly of the 3063:, so the ingestion of 2915: 2874: 2712: 2632: 2607: 2448:. Bees navigate using 2415: 2357: 2343: 2237:complete metamorphosis 2213: 2210:Tumbling flower beetle 2165:Dawson's Burrowing bee 2160:Hoplitis anthocopoides 2154: 2125:or twigs, or holes in 2114: 2031: 1967: 1869: 1851: 1791: 1739: 1711:for sucking up nectar. 1663: 1495:(mining bees) ≈34 Mya 776: 691:Melittosphex burmensis 150:Tetragonula carbonaria 13513:Paleobiology Database 13322:Alfred Russel Wallace 13107:Entomological warfare 12958:Insects in literature 9526:. MedicineWorld.Org. 9524:"What is apitherapy?" 9216:Kuehn, Faith (2011). 9127:. 20 September 2012. 8784:Ecology and Evolution 8023:www.sciencedirect.com 7816:. 26 September 2013. 7682:Townsendiella pulchra 6784:. The Straight Dope. 6712:. National Bee Unit. 6322:10.1007/s002650050236 6193:10.1051/apido:2006026 5226:Engel, M.S. (1995). " 4398:The Bees of the World 4237:Further information: 4081:, and trace minerals 4054:leaves, and steamed. 3974:Bee covered in pollen 3930:Lasioglossum vierecki 3923:Raising native plants 3887:In the European Union 3665: 3657: 3518: 3511:In art and literature 3499:as a model for human 3414: 3392:provides to survive. 3376:relationship between 3083:can also happen when 2952:Philanthus triangulum 2930:, some of which (the 2911:Philanthus triangulum 2907: 2866: 2857:Further information: 2696: 2627: 2595: 2418:Further information: 2402: 2346:Further information: 2338: 2221:Further information: 2199: 2139: 2101:Anthidium florentinum 2097: 2023: 1957: 1902:) and her daughters ( 1872:Further information: 1857: 1845: 1774: 1765:Further information: 1725: 1657: 1523:(sweat bees) ≈50 Mya 779:Further information: 758: 13277:Insect sting allergy 13071:Cicadas in mythology 9774:Encyclopedia of Life 9339:"Scientific Opinion" 9292:Sanford, Malcolm T. 9246:Adamson, Nancy Lee. 9228:on 30 September 2015 8761:American Bee Journal 8323:Wilson, Bee (2004). 6878:. 29 November 2005. 6221:on 22 September 2017 6148:. Apis Enterprises. 6131:The Insect Societies 5338:Armbruster, W. Scott 5257:Engel, M.S. (2000). 4563:(16): 3409–3422.e6. 4436:(16): 3409–3422.e6. 4165:alternative medicine 4016:Bees are considered 3841:Contract pollination 3836:In the United States 3560:'s illustrated book 3313:Impact of pesticides 3242:Bee-fungus symbiosis 2979:Some mites of genus 2765:"), escaping normal 2658:Bees are themselves 2588:As mimics and models 2556:Floral relationships 2223:Honey bee life cycle 2081:dwarf carpenter bees 772:Acanthus ilicifolius 769:species (Apidae) on 32:Bee (disambiguation) 13380:Habitat destruction 13132:Insects in religion 12853:Heraldry portal 12280:Hastings/Hungerford 11567:Crowns and coronets 11539:National traditions 9961:(cimbicid sawflies) 9745:World Wildlife Fund 9652:Insect Biochemistry 9550:Barry R., Cassileth 9376:National Geographic 9183:The Daily Telegraph 9083:2012Sci...335.1555S 8978:The Daily Telegraph 8925:2010PLoSO...513181B 8796:2016EcoEv...6.2158R 8193:2022IJPPW..17..319Y 8069:2019PLoSO..1419696P 7928:Curious Naturalists 7359:2016PNAS..113.7261S 7171:2004NW.....91...94M 7159:Naturwissenschaften 7108:2019PNAS..11625909Z 7102:(51): 25909–25916. 6999:2005PNAS..102.3040M 6924:2005PNAS..10218213A 6918:(50): 18213–18218. 6760:The Barmaid's Brain 6758:Ingram, Jay (2001) 6578:1999JIBeh..12..363A 6473:on 5 September 2015 6345:Halictus rubicundus 6314:1996BEcoS..38..227E 6084:(1594): 1643–1649. 6041:10.1038/nature09205 6033:2010Natur.466.1057N 6027:(7310): 1057–1062. 5953:2008Sci...320.1213H 5905:1964JThBi...7...17H 5854:2008Sci...320.1213H 5848:(5880): 1213–1216. 5648:2013BMCEE..13..138H 5589:2018BMCEE..18...71S 5228:Neocorynura electra 5126:2014ZooK..389...35D 5072:2008Palgy..51..933S 4975:2012JBiog..39..526A 4874:2021CrRes.12204770R 4862:Cretaceous Research 4849:on 4 December 2012. 4762:2011PLoSO...621086C 4723:2010PPP...286..194L 4626:2001PNAS...98.1661E 4569:2023CBio...33E3409A 4442:2023CBio...33E3409A 4352:2006PNAS..10315118D 4346:(41): 15118–15123. 3743:", it waggles) and 3626:A Sting in the Tale 3581:The Bee on the Comb 3131:in bees due to the 2825:Four bee families ( 2358:Le vol des insectes 2083:, leafcutter bees, 2027:Megachile rotundata 2024:A leafcutting bee, 1979:year. In 2011, the 789:by insects such as 727:(~25 Mya) to early 673:Cretotrigona prisca 638:from Africa by the 507:Northern Hemisphere 428:Northern Hemisphere 381:biological families 343:closely related to 13453:Insects portal 13425:Insects and humans 12953:Arthropods in film 12902:Human interactions 12237:Waterlily/Seeblatt 11461:Ancient and modern 10046:(cedar wood wasps) 9969:(conifer sawflies) 9812: – 9300:on 13 January 2007 9294:"Producing Pollen" 8866:The New York Times 8420:. ChiswickW4.com. 7747:10.1242/jeb.015396 7686:Hesperapis larreae 7614:"Brood Parasitism" 6840:"Images of flight" 6361:10.1007/bf01240705 4868:: Article 104770. 4422:Marcio R. (2023). 4239:Pollinator decline 4006:allergic reactions 3800:Pollinator decline 3720:History of Animals 3668: 3660: 3530: 3493:Bernard Mandeville 3425: 3356:and honey bees is 3233:to the honey bees 3103:has been shown to 3091:. The presence of 2916: 2895:greater honeyguide 2875: 2743:Bombus hyperboreus 2713: 2689:As brood parasites 2633: 2608: 2486:and two groups of 2416: 2363:André Sainte-Laguë 2344: 2214: 2155: 2115: 2032: 1968: 1888:division of labour 1870: 1852: 1792: 1740: 1664: 1479:short-tongued bees 1392:) at least 50 Mya 936:(Cockroach wasps) 821:adaptive radiation 777: 575:niche conservatism 463:and birds such as 147:The sugarbag bee, 13528: 13527: 13468:Taxon identifiers 13459: 13458: 13348:Insect Literature 13305: 13304: 13204:Carmine/Cochineal 13157:Beneficial insect 13127:Insects in ethics 13076:Scarab (artifact) 13066:Bees in mythology 12975:Insects on stamps 12868: 12867: 12709: 12708: 12647:(color in Canada) 12333: 12332: 11286: 11285: 11268: 11267: 11264: 11263: 11260: 11259: 11242: 11234: 11226: 11219: 11186: 11176: 11161: 11160: 11153: 11110: 11109:(cockroach wasps) 11095: 11065: 11044: 11023: 11015: 11002: 10981: 10978:Sierolomorphidae 10973: 10947: 10921: 10913: 10910:Rhopalosomatidae 10867: 10822: 10821: 10755: 10733: 10732: 10725:Trichogrammatidae 10650: 10587:Eutrichosomatidae 10557:Epichrysomallidae 10477: 10467: 10355: 10313: 10240:Proctotrupomorpha 10207: 10206:(ichneumon wasps) 10199: 10130: 10129: 10126: 10125: 10118: 10097: 10076: 10055: 10047: 10026: 9986: 9985:(common sawflies) 9978: 9977:(pergid sawflies) 9970: 9962: 9954: 9946: 9689:(6229): 1255957. 9606:978-0-944235-71-3 9567:978-981-4335-66-9 9157:. 30 April 2013. 8804:10.1002/ece3.1974 8398:978-1-4020-4559-2 8365:978-0-14-194162-2 7791:978-1-139-43004-3 7740:(11): 1737–1746. 7666:978-1-118-84615-5 7496:978-0-520-09645-5 7353:(26): 7261–7265. 7323:978-3-7091-6306-1 7270:(1539): 423–435. 7240:978-0-226-87400-5 6639:978-0-521-42909-2 6395:978-0-674-81175-1 6278:Halictus hesperus 6215:"Bumblebee nests" 6001:978-1-118-84615-5 5754:Chalicodoma pluto 5705:978-0-521-82149-0 5531:Zoologica Scripta 5371:978-0-674-81175-1 5322:. 1111–2: 93–97. 4691:978-1-59726-908-7 4501:978-3-030-60089-1 4275:Explanatory notes 3980:As food producers 3674:, for millennia. 3423:. 7th century BC. 3407:Bees in mythology 3301:Knowledge of how 3288:fungal infections 3280:Zygosaccharomyces 3256:Zygosaccharomyces 3227:fungal infections 3149:Zygosaccharomyces 3137:Zygosaccharomyces 3125:anti-inflammatory 3069:fungal infections 3059:can also lead to 3057:Fungal infections 3053:fungal infections 3029:fungal infections 3013:Zygosaccharomyces 2995:Fungus properties 2936:aggressive mimics 2709:Bombus terrestris 2706:of the bumblebee 2620:Müllerian mimicry 2571:In rare cases, a 2519:ecological niches 2420:Animal navigation 2361:says that he and 2197: 2169:Amegilla dawsoni, 2133:) are stingless. 1997:Halictus hesperus 1949:mass provisioning 1859:Western honey bee 1848:Western honey bee 1796:inclusive fitness 1788:sex determination 1640: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1612: 1604: 1603: 1595: 1594: 1586: 1585: 1467: 1466: 1416:long-tongued bees 1344: 1343: 1335: 1334: 1326: 1325: 1317: 1316: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1290: 1289: 1281: 1280: 1266:Anthophila (bees) 1196: 1195: 1133: 1132: 1124: 1123: 1115: 1114: 1106: 1105: 546:wasps, where the 357:western honey bee 334: 333: 16:(Redirected from 13553: 13521: 13520: 13508: 13507: 13495: 13494: 13493: 13463: 13462: 13451: 13450: 13327:Jean-Henri Fabre 13102:Cricket fighting 13097:Cockroach racing 12963:Insects in music 12924: 12923: 12895: 12888: 12881: 12872: 12871: 12851: 12850: 12849: 12689: 12676: 12668: 12660: 12652: 12642: 12632: 12624: 12621: 12613: 12598: 12590: 12582: 12569: 12566: 12557: 12554: 12545: 12542: 12516: 12484: 12460: 12457: 12448: 12445: 12436: 12433: 12424: 12421: 12412: 12409: 12389: 12386: 12377: 12374: 12363: 12362: 12347:Rule of tincture 12064:Griffin/Keythong 11660: 11659: 11351:Officers of arms 11313: 11306: 11299: 11290: 11289: 11240: 11232: 11225:(plasterer bees) 11224: 11193: 11184: 11175: 11174: 11170: 11163: 11162: 11151: 11108: 11094: 11093: 11092:(sphecoid wasps) 11089: 11080: 11079: 11063: 11042: 11021: 11013: 11000: 10979: 10971: 10945: 10919: 10911: 10865: 10847: 10846: 10753: 10710:Tanaostigmatidae 10648: 10632:Melanosomellidae 10475: 10466: 10465: 10461: 10354: 10353: 10345: 10311: 10267:Neuroscelionidae 10245: 10244: 10205: 10197: 10184: 10183: 10155: 10154: 10116: 10095: 10074: 10053: 10045: 10024: 10018:Megalodontesidae 9984: 9976: 9968: 9960: 9952: 9951:Blasticotomidae 9945:(argid sawflies) 9944: 9931: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9845: 9838: 9831: 9822: 9821: 9777: 9756: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9724: 9716: 9698: 9674: 9668: 9667: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9620: 9611: 9610: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9425: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9378:. Archived from 9367: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9316: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9289: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9264: 9258: 9244: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9233: 9224:. Archived from 9213: 9207: 9206: 9192: 9186: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9117: 9111: 9110: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9040: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9014: 9008: 8988: 8982: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8946: 8936: 8903: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8876: 8870: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8832: 8826: 8825: 8815: 8790:(7): 2158–2169. 8775: 8769: 8768: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8659: 8653: 8648:Thomas Wildman, 8646: 8640: 8639: 8602: 8593: 8592: 8575: 8566: 8565: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8511:. 6 April 2003. 8501: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8416:Deering, Chris. 8413: 8407: 8406: 8383: 8374: 8373: 8349: 8343: 8342: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8285: 8279: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8220: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8139: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8098: 8080: 8047: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7909: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7775: 7760: 7759: 7749: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7652: 7646: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7480: 7471: 7470: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7429: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7380: 7370: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7307: 7298: 7297: 7287: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7224: 7218: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7137: 7119: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7037: 7031: 7030: 7020: 7010: 6993:(8): 3040–3045. 6977: 6971: 6970: 6967:The Dancing Bees 6962: 6956: 6955: 6945: 6935: 6903: 6897: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6816:. 9 March 2016. 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6777: 6771: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6735: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6623: 6617: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6561: 6555: 6554: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6498:The Conversation 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6349:Insectes Sociaux 6340: 6334: 6333: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6256: 6245: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6195: 6177: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6109: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6052: 6012: 6006: 6005: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5934: 5925: 5924: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5813: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5723: 5714: 5713: 5689: 5680: 5679: 5669: 5659: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5610: 5600: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5528: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5479: 5470:(6): 1368–1379. 5461: 5452: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5417: 5391: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5263: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5199: 5173: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5147: 5137: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5093: 5083: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5035: 5017: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4960: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4842:. Archived from 4809: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4783: 4773: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4717:(3–4): 194–201. 4706: 4700: 4699: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4655: 4637: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4580: 4547: 4534: 4533: 4532:. 26 March 2019. 4520: 4514: 4513: 4485: 4475: 4464: 4463: 4453: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4393: 4384: 4383: 4373: 4363: 4331: 4325: 4318: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4221:as well as some 4147: 4126: 4113:with 2.0% being 3971: 3948: 3907:. From 2013 the 3818:flowering plants 3755:", they watch). 3754: 3752:parakolouthousin 3748: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3594:(2004), and the 3505:Telling the bees 3258:produced by the 3071:from happening. 2928:praying mantises 2683:pseudocopulation 2660:Müllerian mimics 2641:Batesian mimicry 2616:Batesian mimicry 2360: 2314: 2299: 2272: 2198: 2146:Osmia cornifrons 2098:A solitary bee, 1947:. They practise 1943:are also highly 1931:Africanized bees 1738:, and mouthparts 1677:A pair of large 1577: 1556: 1542: 1541: 1528: 1514: 1513: 1500: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1458: 1437: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1397: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1357: 1356: 1272: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1223: 1210: 1209: 1187: 1167: 1154: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1097: 1077: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1049: 1036: 1016: 1015: 1002: 989: 988: 982: 981: 968: 955: 954: 941: 927: 926: 919: 918: 686:New Jersey amber 607:flowering plants 555:Early Cretaceous 424:flowering plants 359:, for producing 166: 165: 142: 125: 62: 55:Temporal range: 49: 48: 27:Clade of insects 21: 13561: 13560: 13556: 13555: 13554: 13552: 13551: 13550: 13531: 13530: 13529: 13524: 13516: 13511: 13503: 13498: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13470: 13460: 13455: 13445: 13439: 13417: 13411: 13353: 13301: 13263: 13256: 13148: 13141: 13080: 13052: 13010: 12979: 12919: 12914: 12908: 12899: 12869: 12864: 12847: 12845: 12829: 12781: 12705: 12687: 12682: 12674: 12666: 12658: 12650: 12640: 12630: 12622: 12619: 12611: 12606: 12596: 12588: 12580: 12575: 12567: 12564: 12555: 12552: 12543: 12540: 12529: 12467: 12458: 12455: 12446: 12443: 12434: 12431: 12422: 12419: 12410: 12407: 12396: 12387: 12384: 12375: 12372: 12361: 12329: 12295:Hungerford knot 12265:Cavendish/Savoy 12241: 12178: 11993: 11927: 11864: 11803: 11658: 11625: 11548: 11432: 11377: 11322: 11317: 11287: 11282: 11256: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11157: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11069: 11048: 11043:(scoliid wasps) 11027: 10985: 10951: 10946:(tiphiid wasps) 10939:Bradynobaenidae 10925: 10896: 10841: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10818: 10800: 10782: 10764: 10729: 10542:Cynipencyrtidae 10464:(chalcid wasps) 10463: 10462: 10460: 10452: 10440:Mymarommatoidea 10434: 10396: 10362:Proctorenyxidae 10347: 10346: 10343:Proctotrupoidea 10337: 10305:Austrocynipidae 10291: 10249:Platygastroidea 10234: 10211: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10122: 10101: 10096:(stem sawflies) 10080: 10059: 10030: 10004: 9990: 9983:Tenthredinidae 9953:(fern sawflies) 9935:Tenthredinoidea 9920: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9900: 9856: 9849: 9768: 9765: 9760: 9759: 9749: 9747: 9739: 9738: 9734: 9718: 9717: 9675: 9671: 9648: 9644: 9621: 9614: 9607: 9583: 9579: 9568: 9547: 9543: 9533: 9531: 9522: 9521: 9517: 9488: 9484: 9453: 9449: 9439: 9437: 9436:on 22 June 2015 9426: 9422: 9411: 9409: 9400: 9399: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9382:on 16 July 2015 9368: 9364: 9335: 9331: 9318: 9317: 9313: 9303: 9301: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9265: 9261: 9255:Wayback Machine 9245: 9241: 9231: 9229: 9214: 9210: 9193: 9189: 9180:Wayback Machine 9170: 9166: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9134: 9132: 9119: 9118: 9114: 9067: 9063: 9053: 9051: 9042: 9041: 9037: 9027: 9025: 9016: 9015: 9011: 8999:Wayback Machine 8989: 8985: 8973:Wayback Machine 8964: 8960: 8904: 8900: 8890: 8888: 8877: 8873: 8861:Wayback Machine 8851: 8847: 8834: 8833: 8829: 8776: 8772: 8757: 8753: 8738:The Independent 8730: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8709:. UC Berkeley. 8703: 8699: 8660: 8656: 8647: 8643: 8608:Greece and Rome 8603: 8596: 8576: 8569: 8558: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8533: 8532: 8528: 8518: 8516: 8509:Reshafim.org.il 8503: 8502: 8498: 8488: 8486: 8471: 8467: 8457: 8455: 8448:Rotten Tomatoes 8442: 8441: 8437: 8427: 8425: 8414: 8410: 8399: 8385: 8384: 8377: 8366: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8321: 8317: 8286: 8282: 8238: 8234: 8173: 8169: 8116: 8112: 8063:(7): e0219696. 8048: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8017: 8016: 8012: 8002: 8000: 7990: 7986: 7976: 7974: 7966: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7940: 7939: 7935: 7924: 7920: 7907: 7905: 7900:. LiveScience. 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7877:on 29 June 2015 7869: 7868: 7864: 7837: 7833: 7823: 7821: 7808: 7807: 7803: 7792: 7776: 7763: 7726: 7722: 7709: 7705: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7653: 7649: 7637: 7633: 7623: 7621: 7612: 7611: 7607: 7597: 7595: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7571: 7569: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7539: 7535: 7497: 7481: 7474: 7447: 7443: 7412:(7): 20160356. 7406:Biology Letters 7398: 7394: 7339: 7335: 7324: 7308: 7301: 7256: 7252: 7241: 7225: 7221: 7214: 7210: 7155: 7151: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7039: 7038: 7034: 6978: 6974: 6963: 6959: 6904: 6900: 6885: 6883: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6855: 6853: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6823: 6821: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6778: 6774: 6757: 6753: 6736: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6710:"Solitary Bees" 6708: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6667: 6665: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6640: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6609: 6562: 6558: 6535:10.2307/2407147 6519: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6465: 6464: 6460: 6450: 6448: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6411: 6407: 6396: 6380: 6376: 6341: 6337: 6297: 6293: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6243: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6224: 6222: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6200: 6175: 6169: 6165: 6155: 6153: 6142: 6138: 6127: 6123: 6070: 6066: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5988: 5984: 5935: 5928: 5889: 5885: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5811: 5781: 5777: 5750: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5717: 5706: 5690: 5683: 5628: 5624: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5526: 5520: 5516: 5508: 5459: 5453: 5446: 5438: 5389: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5356: 5349: 5335: 5331: 5312: 5308: 5300: 5261: 5255: 5251: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5188:10.4039/n02-030 5171: 5165: 5161: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5052: 5048: 5040: 5015: 5009: 5005: 4997: 4958: 4952: 4948: 4909: 4905: 4858: 4854: 4846: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4742: 4738: 4707: 4703: 4692: 4676: 4669: 4606: 4602: 4557:Current Biology 4548: 4537: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4502: 4476: 4467: 4429:Current Biology 4419: 4415: 4408: 4394: 4387: 4332: 4328: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4304: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4250: 4241: 4235: 4201: 4163:is a branch of 4158: 4151: 4148: 4139: 4127: 4014: 3982: 3975: 3972: 3963: 3949: 3925: 3889: 3838: 3811: 3806: 3792: 3780:Natural History 3746:παρακολουθούσιν 3652: 3646: 3617:Renée Zellweger 3513: 3409: 3403: 3398: 3315: 3244: 3185:hexagonal shape 3161: 2997: 2992: 2932:flower mantises 2870:Merops apiaster 2867:The bee-eater, 2861: 2855: 2823: 2767:worker policing 2726:Brood parasites 2723: 2721:Nest usurpation 2715:Main articles: 2699:Bombus vestalis 2691: 2622: 2610:Main articles: 2599:Bombylius major 2590: 2558: 2553: 2514:Bifidobacterium 2501:Bifidobacterium 2470:polysaccharides 2458: 2430:Karl von Frisch 2428:The ethologist 2426: 2404:Karl von Frisch 2397: 2350: 2333: 2326: 2315: 2306: 2300: 2291: 2273: 2225: 2219: 2187: 2185: 2040:leafcutter bees 2018: 1876: 1840: 1790:system of bees. 1769: 1763: 1758: 1745:Megachile pluto 1652: 1650:Characteristics 1647: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1587: 1481: 1478: 1468: 1418: 1415: 1350: 1345: 1336: 1327: 1318: 1309: 1300: 1291: 1282: 1197: 1134: 1125: 1116: 1107: 850: 845: 783: 753: 682:Late Cretaceous 678:corbiculate bee 668: 593:origins of the 523: 495:meliponiculture 493:or apiculture ( 437:Megachile pluto 409:leafcutter bees 307: 160: 133: 127:Late Cretaceous 124: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 57: 56: 53: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13559: 13549: 13548: 13543: 13526: 13525: 13523: 13522: 13509: 13496: 13480: 13478: 13472: 13471: 13457: 13456: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13421: 13419: 13413: 13412: 13410: 13409: 13408: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13361: 13359: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13351: 13344:Lafcadio Hearn 13341: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13317:Jan Swammerdam 13313: 13311: 13307: 13306: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13268: 13266: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13254: 13253: 13252: 13243:Model organism 13240: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13212: 13211: 13201: 13200: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13164: 13159: 13153: 13151: 13143: 13142: 13140: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13117:Insect farming 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13088: 13086: 13082: 13081: 13079: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13062: 13060: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13048: 13038: 13037: 13036: 13031: 13020: 13018: 13012: 13011: 13009: 13008: 13003: 13001:Artificial fly 12998: 12993: 12987: 12985: 12981: 12980: 12978: 12977: 12972: 12971: 12970: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12949: 12948: 12941: 12934:Insects in art 12930: 12928: 12921: 12910: 12909: 12898: 12897: 12890: 12883: 12875: 12866: 12865: 12863: 12862: 12861: 12860: 12843: 12838: 12834: 12831: 12830: 12828: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12806: 12805: 12795: 12789: 12787: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12779: 12777:Trophy of arms 12774: 12769: 12768: 12767: 12757: 12756: 12755: 12745: 12740: 12739: 12738: 12736:banner of arms 12728: 12723: 12717: 12715: 12711: 12710: 12707: 12706: 12704: 12703: 12698: 12692: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12672: 12664: 12656: 12648: 12638: 12628: 12616: 12614: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12604: 12594: 12585: 12583: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12573: 12562: 12550: 12537: 12535: 12531: 12530: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12525: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12477: 12475: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12465: 12453: 12441: 12429: 12417: 12404: 12402: 12398: 12397: 12395: 12394: 12382: 12369: 12367: 12360: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12343: 12341: 12335: 12334: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12327: 12322: 12320:Tristram/Bowen 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12251: 12249: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12223: 12222: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12186: 12184: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12050: 12049: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12003: 12001: 11995: 11994: 11992: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11935: 11933: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11914: 11913: 11908: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11872: 11870: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11811: 11809: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11801: 11796: 11795: 11794: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11668: 11666: 11657: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11635: 11633: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11612: 11611: 11601: 11600: 11599: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11558: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11535: 11534: 11529: 11519: 11514: 11513: 11512: 11507: 11497: 11492: 11491: 11490: 11480: 11475: 11474: 11473: 11463: 11458: 11457: 11456: 11446: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11414: 11413: 11406:Ecclesiastical 11403: 11402: 11401: 11396: 11385: 11383: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11375: 11374: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11316: 11315: 11308: 11301: 11293: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11273: 11270: 11269: 11266: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11258: 11257: 11255: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11236: 11228: 11220: 11216:stingless bees 11208:carpenter bees 11188: 11179: 11177: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11155: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11135:Pemphredonidae 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11104: 11098: 11096: 11077: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11067: 11058: 11056: 11050: 11049: 11047: 11046: 11037: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11025: 11017: 11014:(spider wasps) 11009: 11004: 10995: 10993: 10987: 10986: 10984: 10983: 10975: 10972:(flower wasps) 10967: 10961: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10950: 10949: 10941: 10935: 10933: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10923: 10915: 10906: 10904: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10894: 10889: 10887:Sclerogibbidae 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10866:(cuckoo wasps) 10861: 10855: 10853: 10844: 10824: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10817: 10816: 10810: 10808: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10798: 10792: 10790: 10784: 10783: 10781: 10780: 10774: 10772: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10760:Gasteruptiidae 10757: 10754:(ensign wasps) 10749: 10743: 10741: 10735: 10734: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10675:Pelecinellidae 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10644: 10639: 10637:Metapelmatidae 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10597:Hetreulophidae 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10527:Chrysolampidae 10524: 10519: 10517:Chalcedectidae 10514: 10512:Cerocephalidae 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10470: 10468: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10450: 10448:Mymarommatidae 10444: 10442: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10406: 10404: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10394: 10389: 10387:Proctotrupidae 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10358: 10356: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10318:Diplolepididae 10315: 10307: 10301: 10299: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10277:Platygastridae 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10257:Geoscelionidae 10253: 10251: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10227: 10221: 10219: 10217:Ceraphronoidea 10213: 10212: 10210: 10209: 10204:Ichneumonidae 10201: 10192: 10190: 10188:Ichneumonoidea 10181: 10152: 10132: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10120: 10111: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10090: 10088: 10082: 10081: 10079: 10078: 10069: 10067: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10057: 10049: 10040: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10028: 10020: 10014: 10012: 10006: 10005: 10000: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9988: 9980: 9972: 9964: 9956: 9948: 9939: 9937: 9924: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9898: 9892: 9886: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9848: 9847: 9840: 9833: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9807: 9798: 9789: 9784: 9778: 9764: 9763:External links 9761: 9758: 9757: 9732: 9669: 9658:(2): 161–170. 9642: 9631:(1): 129–132. 9612: 9605: 9577: 9566: 9541: 9515: 9482: 9447: 9420: 9393: 9362: 9329: 9311: 9284: 9259: 9239: 9208: 9187: 9164: 9142: 9125:Efsa.europa.eu 9112: 9077:(6076): 1555. 9061: 9035: 9009: 8983: 8958: 8919:(10): e13181. 8898: 8871: 8845: 8827: 8770: 8751: 8724: 8697: 8654: 8641: 8594: 8567: 8552: 8526: 8496: 8465: 8435: 8408: 8397: 8375: 8364: 8344: 8337: 8315: 8302:10.2307/311093 8280: 8241:Hymn to Hermes 8232: 8167: 8110: 8035: 8010: 7984: 7959: 7933: 7918: 7888: 7862: 7843:(208): 1–292. 7831: 7801: 7790: 7761: 7720: 7703: 7672: 7665: 7647: 7631: 7605: 7579: 7553: 7533: 7495: 7472: 7441: 7392: 7333: 7322: 7299: 7250: 7239: 7219: 7208: 7149: 7082: 7057: 7032: 6972: 6957: 6898: 6863: 6831: 6799: 6772: 6751: 6727: 6701: 6675: 6649: 6638: 6618: 6607: 6572:(3): 363–384. 6556: 6529:(1): 142–150. 6510: 6484: 6458: 6447:on 2 July 2017 6432: 6405: 6394: 6374: 6335: 6308:(4): 227–233. 6291: 6268: 6232: 6206: 6186:(2): 124–143. 6163: 6136: 6121: 6064: 6007: 6000: 5982: 5926: 5883: 5832: 5822:(2): 361–421. 5775: 5764:(1): 165–168. 5744: 5715: 5704: 5681: 5622: 5563: 5537:(5): 527–535. 5514: 5444: 5406:10.1086/598497 5400:(6): 841–847. 5377: 5370: 5347: 5329: 5306: 5249: 5238:(3): 317–323. 5218: 5159: 5120:(389): 35–48. 5104: 5066:(4): 933–994. 5046: 5026:(4): 701–709. 5003: 4969:(3): 526–544. 4946: 4903: 4852: 4795: 4736: 4701: 4690: 4667: 4600: 4551:August 2023). 4535: 4515: 4500: 4465: 4413: 4407:0-8018--6133-0 4406: 4385: 4326: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4292: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4246: 4234: 4231: 4219:octadecanolide 4209:Dufour's gland 4205:stings of bees 4200: 4197: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4142: 4140: 4128: 4121: 4018:edible insects 4013: 4010: 3987:rock paintings 3981: 3978: 3977: 3976: 3973: 3966: 3964: 3950: 3943: 3936:L. leucozonium 3924: 3921: 3917:global warming 3909:European Union 3893:neonicotinoids 3888: 3885: 3876:Nosema ceranae 3837: 3834: 3810: 3807: 3791: 3788: 3648:Main article: 3645: 3642: 3613:Jerry Seinfeld 3600:Dakota Fanning 3558:Beatrix Potter 3534:rock paintings 3520:Beatrix Potter 3512: 3509: 3458:Delphic oracle 3454:Mycenean times 3433:Hymn to Hermes 3405:Main article: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3335:gut microbiome 3314: 3311: 3243: 3240: 3235:gut microbiota 3219:gut microbiota 3211:gut microbiota 3207:Gut microbiota 3160: 3157: 3009:stingless bees 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2947:Niko Tinbergen 2924:predatory bugs 2854: 2851: 2822: 2821:Nocturnal bees 2819: 2755:A. m. capensis 2717:Brood parasite 2704:brood parasite 2690: 2687: 2637:aposematically 2635:Many bees are 2604:Batesian mimic 2589: 2586: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2466:monosaccharide 2457: 2454: 2450:spatial memory 2396: 2393: 2380:cinematography 2367:air resistance 2353:Antoine Magnan 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2321:with eggs and 2316: 2309: 2307: 2301: 2294: 2292: 2274: 2267: 2218: 2215: 2184: 2181: 2073:plasterer bees 2071:, mason bees, 2036:carpenter bees 2017: 2014: 1964:pollen baskets 1941:Stingless bees 1926:Apis mellifera 1839: 1836: 1819:W. D. Hamilton 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1697: 1686: 1651: 1648: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1355: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1161:Pemphredonidae 1157: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 992: 987: 985: 980: 978: 975: 974: 971: 970: 958: 953: 951: 948: 947: 944: 943: 930: 925: 923: 917: 913:Pemphredoninae 905:Heterogynaidae 875:Heterogynaidae 849: 846: 844: 841: 817:pollen baskets 812:pollen baskets 752: 749: 709:incertae sedis 667: 664: 529:in the family 527:stinging wasps 522: 519: 503:Ancient Greece 405:carpenter bees 393:stingless bees 332: 331: 316: 315: 309: 308: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 269: 266: 265: 261: 260: 255: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 222: 218: 217: 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 154: 153: 144: 143: 135: 134: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13558: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13538: 13536: 13519: 13514: 13510: 13506: 13501: 13497: 13492: 13486: 13482: 13481: 13479: 13477: 13473: 13469: 13464: 13454: 13449: 13442: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13414: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13400:Neonicotinoid 13398: 13396: 13393: 13392: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13356: 13349: 13345: 13342: 13339: 13338: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13314: 13312: 13308: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13259: 13251: 13250: 13246: 13245: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13232: 13229: 13228: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13210: 13207: 13206: 13205: 13202: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13169: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13144: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13089: 13087: 13085:Other aspects 13083: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13063: 13061: 13059: 13055: 13047: 13044: 13043: 13042: 13039: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13026: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13017: 13013: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12982: 12976: 12973: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12947: 12946: 12945:Musca depicta 12942: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12932: 12931: 12929: 12925: 12922: 12918: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12896: 12891: 12889: 12884: 12882: 12877: 12876: 12873: 12859: 12856: 12855: 12854: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12832: 12826: 12825:Sigillography 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12790: 12788: 12784: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12766: 12763: 12762: 12761: 12758: 12754: 12751: 12750: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12737: 12734: 12733: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12712: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12693: 12691: 12685: 12679: 12673: 12671: 12665: 12663: 12657: 12655: 12649: 12646: 12639: 12636: 12629: 12627: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12609: 12602: 12595: 12593: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12578: 12572: 12563: 12560: 12551: 12548: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12532: 12524: 12521: 12520: 12519: 12515: 12511: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12488: 12487: 12483: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12474: 12470: 12463: 12454: 12451: 12442: 12439: 12430: 12427: 12418: 12415: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12399: 12392: 12383: 12380: 12371: 12370: 12368: 12364: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12344: 12342: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12248: 12244: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12221: 12218: 12217: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12195:Laurel wreath 12193: 12191: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12004: 12002: 12000: 11996: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11936: 11934: 11930: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11903: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11873: 11871: 11867: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11810: 11806: 11800: 11797: 11793: 11790: 11789: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11702: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11661: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11628: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11610: 11607: 11606: 11605: 11602: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11551: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11524: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11502: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11472: 11469: 11468: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11455: 11452: 11451: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11441: 11439: 11435: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11412: 11409: 11408: 11407: 11404: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11391: 11390: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11380: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11336:Grant of arms 11334: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11325: 11321: 11314: 11309: 11307: 11302: 11300: 11295: 11294: 11291: 11279: 11275: 11274: 11271: 11253: 11252:Stenotritidae 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11239:Megachilidae 11237: 11235: 11229: 11227: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11168: 11164: 11154: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11099: 11097: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11072: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11051: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11030: 11024: 11018: 11016: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11001:(velvet ants) 10997: 10996: 10994: 10992: 10988: 10982: 10976: 10974: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10954: 10948: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10928: 10922: 10916: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10905: 10903: 10899: 10893: 10892:Scolebythidae 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10852: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10825: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10806:Trigonaloidea 10803: 10797: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10785: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10736: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10715:Tetracampidae 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10695:Signiphoridae 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10655:Neanastatidae 10653: 10651: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10627:Megastigmidae 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10492:Baeomorphidae 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10459: 10455: 10449: 10446: 10445: 10443: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10399: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10351: 10344: 10340: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10294: 10288: 10287:Sparasionidae 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10262:Janzenellidae 10260: 10258: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10237: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10225:Ceraphronidae 10223: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10200: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10179: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10133: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10083: 10077: 10073:Xiphydriidae 10071: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10065:Xiphydrioidea 10062: 10056: 10050: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10033: 10027: 10023:Pamphiliidae 10021: 10019: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10011: 10010:Pamphilioidea 10007: 10003: 9999: 9997: 9993: 9987: 9981: 9979: 9973: 9971: 9965: 9963: 9957: 9955: 9949: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9922: 9903: 9897: 9893: 9891: 9887: 9885: 9881: 9879: 9875: 9873: 9869: 9867: 9863: 9862: 9859: 9854: 9846: 9841: 9839: 9834: 9832: 9827: 9826: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9782: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9766: 9746: 9742: 9736: 9728: 9722: 9714: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9673: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9646: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9619: 9617: 9608: 9602: 9598: 9594: 9593: 9588: 9581: 9573: 9569: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9529: 9525: 9519: 9510: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9486: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9451: 9435: 9431: 9424: 9407: 9403: 9397: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9366: 9357: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9333: 9325: 9321: 9315: 9299: 9295: 9288: 9272: 9271: 9263: 9256: 9252: 9249: 9243: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9212: 9204: 9203: 9198: 9191: 9184: 9181: 9177: 9174: 9168: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9146: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9049: 9045: 9039: 9023: 9019: 9013: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8987: 8980: 8979: 8974: 8970: 8967: 8962: 8954: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8902: 8886: 8882: 8875: 8868: 8867: 8862: 8858: 8855: 8849: 8841: 8837: 8831: 8823: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8774: 8766: 8762: 8755: 8748: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8728: 8712: 8708: 8701: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8658: 8651: 8645: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8614:(2): 99–117. 8613: 8609: 8601: 8599: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8563: 8556: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8514: 8510: 8506: 8500: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8469: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8423: 8419: 8412: 8404: 8400: 8394: 8390: 8389: 8382: 8380: 8371: 8367: 8361: 8357: 8356: 8348: 8340: 8338:0-7195-6598-7 8334: 8330: 8326: 8319: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8284: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8228: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8114: 8106: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8024: 8020: 8014: 7999: 7995: 7988: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7835: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7757: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7716: 7715: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7676: 7668: 7662: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7641: 7635: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7537: 7530: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7492: 7488: 7487: 7479: 7477: 7468: 7464: 7461:(193): 1–74. 7460: 7456: 7452: 7445: 7437: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7396: 7388: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7329: 7325: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7306: 7304: 7295: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7236: 7232: 7231: 7223: 7217: 7212: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7153: 7145: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7028: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6976: 6968: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6851: 6847: 6846: 6845:New Scientist 6841: 6835: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6813:New Scientist 6809: 6803: 6787: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6747: 6743: 6742: 6734: 6732: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6689: 6685: 6679: 6663: 6659: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6622: 6616: 6611: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6560: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6517: 6515: 6499: 6495: 6488: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6420: 6416: 6409: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6295: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6272: 6253: 6249: 6242: 6236: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6132: 6125: 6117: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6003: 5997: 5993: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5941: 5933: 5931: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5836: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5748: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5688: 5686: 5677: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5626: 5618: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5486:2027.42/74970 5483: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5458: 5451: 5449: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5381: 5373: 5367: 5363: 5362: 5354: 5352: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5060:Palaeontology 5057: 5050: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5007: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4957: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4907: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4818:(5799): 614. 4817: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4756:(6): e21086. 4755: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4417: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4392: 4390: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4313: 4296: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4269:World Bee Day 4267: 4265: 4264:Superorganism 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4245: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4146: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4050:, wrapped in 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3931: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3741: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3664: 3656: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3586:Sue Monk Kidd 3583: 3582: 3577: 3576:treasure hunt 3573: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045:antimicrobial 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2912: 2906: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891:honey buzzard 2888: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2871: 2865: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2793:Townsendiella 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2594: 2585: 2583: 2582:creosote bush 2578: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2540: 2536:in the genus 2535: 2531: 2527: 2526:nectarivorous 2522: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2489:Lactobacillus 2485: 2484: 2483:Snodgrassella 2479: 2478:hemicellulose 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2355:'s 1934 book 2354: 2349: 2348:Insect flight 2342: 2341:pollen basket 2337: 2324: 2320: 2317:Honeybees on 2313: 2308: 2304: 2303:Carpenter bee 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2277:common carder 2271: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2211: 2207: 2206:morning glory 2203: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1985:IUCN Red List 1982: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1849: 1844: 1835: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1794:According to 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1777:yellowjackets 1773: 1768: 1767:Haplodiploidy 1753: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1737: 1736:compound eyes 1733: 1729: 1728:carpenter bee 1724: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1679:compound eyes 1676: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1661: 1656: 1646: 1636: 1635: 1627: 1626: 1618: 1617: 1609: 1608: 1600: 1599: 1591: 1590: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1571: 1570:Stenotritidae 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1413: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1363: (bees) 1362: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1340: 1339: 1331: 1330: 1322: 1321: 1313: 1312: 1304: 1303: 1295: 1294: 1286: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1129: 1128: 1120: 1119: 1111: 1110: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1069:sensu stricto 1065: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1028:sensu stricto 1024: 1018: 1017: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1001: 997: 991: 990: 984: 983: 977: 976: 973: 972: 969: 967: 963: 957: 956: 950: 949: 946: 945: 942: 940: 935: 929: 928: 921: 920: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 891: 887: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 867: 863: 859: 855: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 792: 788: 782: 774: 773: 768: 767: 762: 757: 748: 746: 742: 741:Middle Eocene 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 717: 715: 711: 710: 705: 701: 697: 693: 692: 687: 683: 679: 675: 674: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 625: 620: 619:Stenotritidae 616: 615:South America 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 587: 583: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 563:South America 560: 559:West Gondwana 556: 551: 549: 545: 541: 536: 533:, which were 532: 528: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 499:Ancient Egypt 496: 492: 487: 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443:Bees feed on 441: 439: 438: 433: 429: 425: 421: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 363:. Bees are a 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 330: 328: 327: 322: 317: 314: 310: 304: 303:Stenotritidae 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 270: 267: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 249: 246: 243: 241:Superfamily: 240: 239: 236: 233: 230: 229: 226: 223: 220: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 199: 196: 193: 190: 189: 186: 183: 180: 179: 176: 173: 170: 169: 164: 159: 155: 152: 151: 145: 141: 136: 132: 128: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 61: 50: 47: 43: 41: 33: 19: 13475: 13430:Insecticides 13347: 13335: 13332:Hans Zinsser 13297:Clothes moth 13247: 13058:In mythology 12991:Fishing bait 12943: 12815:Phaleristics 12748:Roll of arms 12714:Applications 12626:Bleu celeste 12612:Rare colours 12305:Ormonde/Wake 12190:Fleur-de-lis 11752:Inescutcheon 11717:Crozier head 11562:Coat of arms 11449:Augmentation 11356:King of Arms 11278:Unicalcarida 11233:(sweat bees) 11185:(mason bees) 11166: 11140:Philanthidae 11107:Ampulicidae 11102:Ammoplanidae 11085:Spheciformes 11083: 10864:Chrysididae 10851:Chrysidoidea 10814:Trigonalidae 10788:Megalyroidea 10770:Stephanoidea 10700:Spalangiidae 10690:Pteromalidae 10680:Perilampidae 10660:Neodiparidae 10649:(fairyflies) 10622:Macromesidae 10592:Herbertiidae 10562:Eucharitidae 10537:Coelocybidae 10458:Chalcidoidea 10430:Monomachidae 10410:Austroniidae 10392:Vanhorniidae 10382:Peradeniidae 10312:(gall wasps) 10230:Megaspilidae 10158: 10075:(wood wasps) 10044:Anaxyelidae 9967:Diprionidae 9905: 9896:Holometabola 9894:Superorder: 9888:Infraclass: 9853:Hymenopteran 9813: 9773: 9748:. Retrieved 9744: 9735: 9721:cite journal 9686: 9682: 9672: 9655: 9651: 9645: 9628: 9624: 9591: 9580: 9557: 9544: 9532:. Retrieved 9518: 9499: 9495: 9485: 9460: 9456: 9450: 9438:. Retrieved 9434:the original 9423: 9410:. Retrieved 9396: 9384:. Retrieved 9380:the original 9375: 9365: 9346: 9343:EFSA Journal 9342: 9332: 9314: 9302:. Retrieved 9298:the original 9287: 9275:. Retrieved 9269: 9262: 9242: 9230:. Retrieved 9226:the original 9221: 9211: 9202:The Guardian 9200: 9190: 9182: 9167: 9154: 9145: 9133:. Retrieved 9124: 9115: 9074: 9070: 9064: 9052:. Retrieved 9038: 9026:. Retrieved 9012: 9004:The Observer 9002: 8986: 8976: 8961: 8916: 8912: 8901: 8889:. Retrieved 8874: 8864: 8848: 8830: 8787: 8783: 8773: 8764: 8760: 8754: 8745: 8737: 8727: 8715:. Retrieved 8700: 8674:(3): 56–57. 8671: 8667: 8657: 8649: 8644: 8611: 8607: 8587: 8561: 8555: 8543:. Retrieved 8529: 8517:. Retrieved 8508: 8499: 8487:. Retrieved 8479:The Guardian 8478: 8468: 8456:. Retrieved 8447: 8438: 8426:. Retrieved 8411: 8387: 8354: 8347: 8324: 8318: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8244: 8240: 8235: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8127: 8123: 8113: 8060: 8056: 8026:. Retrieved 8022: 8013: 8001:. Retrieved 7998:bestbees.com 7997: 7987: 7975:. Retrieved 7971: 7962: 7950:. Retrieved 7936: 7927: 7921: 7913: 7906:. Retrieved 7891: 7879:. Retrieved 7875:the original 7865: 7840: 7834: 7822:. Retrieved 7814:The Guardian 7813: 7804: 7780: 7737: 7733: 7723: 7713: 7706: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7656: 7650: 7642: 7639: 7634: 7622:. Retrieved 7608: 7596:. Retrieved 7582: 7570:. Retrieved 7556: 7546: 7536: 7504: 7485: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7444: 7409: 7405: 7395: 7350: 7346: 7336: 7312: 7267: 7263: 7253: 7229: 7222: 7211: 7165:(2): 94–96. 7162: 7158: 7152: 7099: 7095: 7085: 7073:. Retrieved 7069: 7060: 7048:. Retrieved 7045:ScienceDaily 7044: 7035: 6990: 6986: 6975: 6966: 6960: 6915: 6911: 6901: 6892:Re: work of 6884:. Retrieved 6866: 6854:. Retrieved 6843: 6834: 6822:. Retrieved 6811: 6802: 6790:. Retrieved 6775: 6759: 6754: 6740: 6718:. Retrieved 6704: 6692:. Retrieved 6678: 6666:. Retrieved 6652: 6628: 6621: 6610: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6526: 6522: 6501:. Retrieved 6497: 6487: 6475:. Retrieved 6471:the original 6467:"Other bees" 6461: 6449:. Retrieved 6445:the original 6435: 6423:. Retrieved 6408: 6384: 6377: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6338: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6285: 6282:Sociobiology 6281: 6277: 6271: 6259:. Retrieved 6235: 6223:. Retrieved 6219:the original 6209: 6183: 6179: 6166: 6154:. Retrieved 6139: 6130: 6124: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6024: 6020: 6010: 5991: 5985: 5944: 5938: 5899:(1): 17–52. 5896: 5892: 5886: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5791:Leurotrigona 5790: 5786: 5778: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5735:. Retrieved 5694: 5642:(138): 138. 5639: 5635: 5625: 5580: 5576: 5566: 5534: 5530: 5517: 5467: 5463: 5397: 5393: 5380: 5360: 5341: 5332: 5319: 5309: 5269: 5265: 5252: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5182:(1): 63–69. 5179: 5175: 5162: 5117: 5107: 5091:11336/100644 5063: 5059: 5049: 5023: 5019: 5006: 4966: 4962: 4949: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4844:the original 4815: 4811: 4798: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4680: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4560: 4556: 4529:The Guardian 4527: 4518: 4481: 4433: 4427: 4416: 4397: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4321: 4316: 4295: 4283: 4242: 4223:eicosanolide 4212: 4203:The painful 4202: 4159: 4134: 4067:carbohydrate 4056: 4033: 4015: 3991: 3983: 3934: 3928: 3926: 3905:thiamethoxam 3901:imidacloprid 3897:clothianidin 3890: 3880: 3874: 3864: 3857:urbanization 3849:Varroa mites 3839: 3812: 3809:Role of bees 3785: 3778: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3729:waggle dance 3718: 3716: 3704: 3669: 3637: 3631:Laline Paull 3624: 3621:Dave Goulson 3606: 3604: 3589: 3579: 3572:Kit Williams 3567: 3561: 3554:Bedford Park 3547: 3542: 3531: 3523: 3462: 3431: 3426: 3347: 3316: 3300: 3268:Ecdysteroids 3262:benefit the 3252:ecdysteroids 3245: 3205: 3197:ecdysteroids 3162: 3133:ecdysteroids 3109:varroa mites 3097:Varroa mites 3093:varroa mites 3085:varroa mites 2998: 2980: 2978: 2968: 2957:robber flies 2950: 2920:crab spiders 2917: 2909: 2908:The beewolf 2876: 2868: 2824: 2808: 2791: 2788:Emery's rule 2783: 2777: 2771: 2757:. These lay 2754: 2750: 2748: 2741: 2724: 2707: 2697: 2676: 2657: 2649:robber flies 2634: 2597: 2596:The bee-fly 2570: 2559: 2537: 2534:vulture bees 2530:palynivorous 2523: 2512: 2508: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2472:: branching 2459: 2442:polarization 2438:waggle dance 2427: 2424:Waggle dance 2412:waggle dance 2351: 2253: 2249: 2241:haplodiploid 2226: 2201: 2173:aggregations 2172: 2168: 2158: 2156: 2151:Bee "hotels" 2144: 2116: 2109: 2108:), visiting 2106:Megachilidae 2099: 2056:pollen wasps 2047: 2033: 2025: 1995: 1989: 1969: 1966:(corbiculae) 1939: 1935:A. mellifera 1934: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1877: 1861:nest in the 1828: 1808: 1804:haplodiploid 1799: 1793: 1785:haplodiploid 1743: 1741: 1672: 1665: 1658:The lapping 1568: 1547: 1519: 1491: 1451:Megachilidae 1449: 1428: 1390:Meganomiinae 1386:Dasypodainae 1380: 1351: 1265: 1264: 1251:Ammoplanidae 1249: 1215: 1181:Philanthidae 1179: 1159: 1089: 1067: 1062: 1026: 1021: 994: 960: 932: 909:Ammoplanidae 896: 892: 885: 883: 871:paraphyletic 864: 853: 851: 808:scopal hairs 784: 770: 764: 763:, like this 737:Early Eocene 732: 718: 707: 700:Melittosphex 699: 689: 671: 669: 633: 624:Cretotrigona 622: 590:Megachilidae 579: 552: 548:pollen wasps 540:evolutionary 524: 488: 484:commercially 477: 442: 435: 417: 376: 365:monophyletic 336: 335: 324: 323:(from Latin 320: 319: 293:Megachilidae 257: 251: 231:Infraorder: 148: 46: 39: 18:Solitary bee 13500:iNaturalist 13416:Categories, 13395:Insecticide 13226:Sericulture 13197:Royal jelly 13122:Flea circus 13112:Entomophagy 13046:Cantharidin 13041:Spanish fly 13016:In medicine 12996:Fly fishing 12927:In the arts 12820:Vexillology 12581:Rare metals 12561:(blood red) 12159:Winged lion 12139:Sea-griffin 12074:Hippocampus 12007:Allocamelus 11649:Fimbriation 11577:Compartment 11554:Achievement 11522:Marshalling 11488:distinction 11346:Law of arms 11331:Authorities 11231:Halictidae 11223:Colletidae 11212:orchid bees 11204:cuckoo bees 11183:Andrenidae 11125:Crabronidae 11062:Formicidae 11054:Formicoidea 11012:Pompilidae 10999:Mutillidae 10991:Pompiloidea 10965:Chyphotidae 10882:Plumariidae 10877:Embolemidae 10796:Megalyridae 10778:Stephanidae 10642:Moranilidae 10612:Leucospidae 10607:Idioporidae 10602:Heydeniidae 10582:Eurytomidae 10532:Cleonymidae 10522:Chalcididae 10497:Boucekiidae 10482:Aphelinidae 10476:(fig wasps) 10425:Maamingidae 10402:Diaprioidea 10377:Pelecinidae 10367:Roproniidae 10333:Liopteridae 10282:Scelionidae 10198:(braconids) 10196:Braconidae 10054:(horntails) 9959:Cimbicidae 9349:(4): 2083. 8444:"Bee Movie" 8329:John Murray 8187:: 319–326. 7972:idtools.org 7857:10088/10101 7527:Bombyliidae 6886:8 September 6355:: 169–180. 5787:Hypotrigona 4227:heptacosane 4173:royal jelly 4136:botok tawon 4035:botok tawon 4022:eat insects 4002:royal jelly 3952:Squash bees 3830:pollination 3815:pollinating 3740:aroseiontai 3734:άροσειονται 3712:Tutankhamun 3696:royal jelly 3544:W. B. Yeats 3485:Shakespeare 3183:) inside a 3043:to collect 2961:dragonflies 2887:flycatchers 2843:crepuscular 2774:cuckoo bees 2672:Lepidoptera 2509:Gilliamella 2495:Gilliamella 2376:helicopters 2089:digger bees 2085:alkali bees 2077:squash bees 2002:orchid bees 1908:paper wasps 1880:Eusociality 1874:Eusociality 1838:Eusociality 1824:Hymenoptera 1707:and a long 1064:Crabronidae 934:Ampulicidae 890:Crabronidae 862:Crabronidae 837:mutualistic 825:angiosperms 800:coevolution 781:Coevolution 751:Coevolution 745:Pleistocene 712:within the 656:Melikertini 531:Crabronidae 511:Mesoamerica 480:pollination 473:dragonflies 353:pollination 339:are winged 215:Hymenoptera 13535:Categories 13476:Anthophila 13435:Pesticides 13172:Bee pollen 13167:Beekeeping 13149:entomology 13092:Biomimicry 13024:Apitherapy 12984:In fishing 12939:Beetlewing 12920:in culture 12765:equestrian 12549:(mulberry) 12275:Harrington 12205:Quatrefoil 12134:Salamander 12079:Hippogriff 12037:Cockatrice 12017:Amphiptere 11989:Wolfsangel 11969:Portcullis 11881:Black swan 11835:Camelopard 11664:Ordinaries 11582:Escutcheon 11532:impalement 11527:quartering 11510:variations 11428:Attributed 11366:pursuivant 11276:See also: 11247:Melittidae 11200:bumblebees 11196:honey bees 11167:Anthophila 11150:Sphecidae 11130:Mellinidae 11120:Bembicidae 11041:Scoliidae 11033:Scolioidea 11020:Sapygidae 11007:Myrmosidae 10970:Thynnidae 10957:Thynnoidea 10944:Tiphiidae 10931:Tiphioidea 10859:Bethylidae 10752:Evaniidae 10739:Evanioidea 10705:Systasidae 10647:Mymaridae 10617:Lyciscidae 10577:Eupelmidae 10567:Eulophidae 10552:Encyrtidae 10474:Agaonidae 10415:Diapriidae 10310:Cynipidae 10297:Cynipoidea 10272:Nixoniidae 10115:Orussidae 10107:Orussoidea 10052:Siricidae 10036:Siricoidea 9882:Subclass: 9872:Arthropoda 9534:20 January 9232:4 November 8767:: 521–524. 8327:. London: 8277:0486122980 8265:ad nauseam 8253:0674379306 7542:Cott, Hugh 6768:0716741202 6477:12 October 6451:12 October 6288:: 263–282. 6180:Apidologie 5803:Trigonisca 5583:(71): 71. 5415:2152/31261 5197:1808/16473 4308:References 4175:, pollen, 4161:Apitherapy 4101:including 4099:B vitamins 4071:phosphorus 4030:Indonesian 3845:beekeepers 3826:ecosystems 3822:pollinator 3794:See also: 3676:Beekeepers 3650:Beekeeping 3644:Beekeeping 3568:(pictured) 3438:divination 3382:pesticides 3370:pesticides 3343:pesticides 3318:Pesticides 3307:pesticides 3173:Bee broods 3159:Bee broods 3117:pesticides 3107:inside of 3017:Candida sp 3005:honey bees 2982:Tarsonemus 2944:ethologist 2879:bee-eaters 2835:Halictidae 2831:Colletidae 2827:Andrenidae 2810:Hesperapis 2805:dasypodaid 2732:subfamily 2679:bee orchid 2653:hoverflies 2629:Bee orchid 2577:endangered 2562:oligoleges 2462:microbiota 2434:navigation 2319:brood comb 2217:Life cycle 2208:flower. A 2163:, and the 2131:Andrenidae 2069:sweat bees 2044:mason bees 2006:allodapine 1992:Halictidae 1987:criteria. 1896:semisocial 1781:altruistic 1750:Meliponini 1701:mouthparts 1694:geniculate 1660:mouthparts 1643:See also: 1549:Colletidae 1521:Halictidae 1493:Andrenidae 1382:Melittidae 1361:Anthophila 1091:Mellinidae 996:Bembicidae 897:Heterogyna 893:sensu lato 879:Mellinidae 866:sensu lato 858:Anthophila 833:acarinaria 787:pollinated 721:Allodapini 603:Halictidae 599:Andrenidae 595:Colletidae 582:Melittidae 491:beekeeping 465:bee-eaters 432:Halictidae 420:Antarctica 413:sweat bees 401:mason bees 389:bumblebees 385:honey bees 377:Anthophila 298:Melittidae 288:Halictidae 283:Colletidae 273:Andrenidae 258:Anthophila 221:Suborder: 195:Arthropoda 58:70–0 40:Anthophila 13418:templates 13390:Pesticide 13006:Fly tying 12858:resources 12803:socialist 12726:Hatchment 12721:Bookplate 12701:Carnation 12688:Realistic 12501:Erminites 12339:Tinctures 12290:Hinckaert 12255:Bourchier 12109:Ouroboros 12094:Manticore 11999:Legendary 11974:Reremouse 11911:Przepaska 11840:Hind/stag 11830:Dog/hound 11639:Attitudes 11616:Supporter 11544:Societies 11505:divisions 11454:abatement 11115:Astatidae 10918:Vespidae 10902:Vespoidea 10872:Dryinidae 10747:Aulacidae 10720:Torymidae 10685:Pirenidae 10670:Ormyridae 10665:Ooderidae 10572:Eunotidae 10547:Diparidae 10502:Calesidae 10420:Ismaridae 10372:Heloridae 10328:Ibaliidae 10323:Figitidae 10094:Cephidae 10086:Cephoidea 9996:Xyeloidea 9975:Pergidae 9884:Pterygota 9864:Kingdom: 9781:"Apoidea" 9713:206558985 9155:3 News NZ 9107:206597443 9007:(London). 8891:20 August 8668:Bee World 8636:161643666 8579:Aristotle 8209:2213-2244 8146:1369-5274 8130:: 69–76. 8087:1932-6203 7977:25 August 7698:2246/5032 7523:Oestridae 7519:Tabanidae 7511:Syrphidae 7187:1432-1904 7126:0027-8424 7075:2 January 7050:2 January 6594:0892-7553 6523:Evolution 6503:8 October 6261:7 October 6098:0962-8452 5464:Evolution 5286:2246/1598 4919:: 57–78. 4898:234071940 4890:0195-6671 4587:0960-9822 4510:227250633 4169:raw honey 4107:saturated 4079:potassium 4075:magnesium 4026:bee brood 3960:cucumbers 3774:, and in 3700:pollinate 3608:Bee Movie 3598:starring 3596:2009 film 3497:Karl Marx 3465:Aristotle 3374:symbiotic 3358:symbiotic 3296:pollinate 3274:found in 3223:parasites 3165:symbiotic 3154:pupation. 3139:found in 3105:germinate 3077:queen bee 3041:mushrooms 3003:provides 2940:Beewolves 2784:Psithyrus 2782:subgenus 2763:thelytoky 2734:Nomadinae 2645:bee-flies 2545:guttation 2456:Digestion 2280:bumblebee 2256:spiracles 2142:mason bee 2119:fossorial 1960:bumblebee 1756:Sociality 1709:proboscis 1705:mandibles 1023:Sphecidae 962:Astatidae 903:and sunk 901:Nyssonini 843:Phylogeny 829:coevolved 793:, so the 766:Amegilla 761:coevolved 725:Oligocene 640:Paleocene 611:Australia 535:predators 521:Evolution 469:beewolves 375:, called 321:Apiformes 264:Families 181:Kingdom: 175:Eukaryota 13485:Wikidata 13358:Concerns 13310:Pioneers 13287:Woodworm 13192:Propolis 13147:Economic 13034:Melittin 13029:Apitoxin 12810:Logotype 12753:Illyrian 12635:Brunâtre 12559:Sanguine 12496:Erminois 12464:(purple) 12357:Hatching 12352:Tricking 12315:Stafford 12215:Shamrock 12164:Woodwose 12144:Sea-lion 12114:Pantheon 12089:Lindworm 12032:Chollima 12027:Biscione 12022:Basilisk 11944:Crapaudy 11845:Kangaroo 11707:Componée 11701:Łękawica 11597:pavilion 11592:Mantling 11471:courtesy 11466:Alliance 11394:dominion 11389:National 11320:Heraldry 11145:Psenidae 10487:Azotidae 10002:Xyelidae 9943:Argidae 9890:Neoptera 9870:Phylum: 9866:Animalia 9855:families 9805:BugGuide 9796:BugGuide 9705:25721506 9572:Archived 9552:(2011). 9528:Archived 9477:84191573 9406:Archived 9324:Archived 9251:Archived 9176:Archived 9159:Archived 9135:16 March 9129:Archived 9099:22461580 9048:Archived 9022:Archived 8995:Archived 8969:Archived 8953:20949138 8913:PLOS ONE 8885:Archived 8857:Archived 8840:Archived 8822:27069571 8742:Archived 8711:Archived 8692:Archived 8688:85120138 8585:(1910). 8545:16 March 8539:Archived 8519:16 March 8513:Archived 8483:Archived 8452:Archived 8422:Archived 8403:Archived 8370:Archived 8296:: 1–28. 8227:35342713 8162:19058556 8154:29309997 8105:31344052 8057:PLOS ONE 8028:25 April 8003:25 April 7946:Archived 7902:Archived 7818:Archived 7796:Archived 7756:18490389 7692:(3005). 7618:Archived 7592:Archived 7566:Archived 7544:(1940). 7515:Asilidae 7501:Archived 7436:27405383 7387:27247399 7328:Archived 7294:20047869 7245:Archived 7203:26518321 7195:14991148 7144:31776248 7070:phys.org 7027:15710880 6952:16330767 6880:Archived 6856:16 March 6850:Archived 6824:16 March 6818:Archived 6786:Archived 6714:Archived 6688:Archived 6662:Archived 6644:Archived 6602:24832889 6551:28563288 6419:Archived 6400:Archived 6369:44934383 6330:12868253 6252:Archived 6198:Archived 6156:29 March 6150:Archived 6116:16769636 6059:20740005 5977:20388889 5969:18511689 5878:20388889 5870:18511689 5824:Archived 5795:muelleri 5770:25084498 5731:Archived 5710:Archived 5676:23822725 5617:29776336 5555:Archived 5551:33533180 5506:Archived 5502:32318137 5494:17542846 5436:Archived 5424:19371167 5324:Archived 5298:Archived 5294:85810077 5244:25010174 5210:Archived 5206:54053341 5154:24715773 5096:Archived 5038:Archived 4995:Archived 4991:34626231 4941:28274420 4933:22934982 4840:28047407 4832:17068254 4790:21695157 4750:PLOS ONE 4696:Archived 4662:11172007 4595:37506702 4460:37506702 4380:17015826 4288:Triassic 4248:See also 4185:apitoxin 4177:propolis 4131:Javanese 4095:selenium 3998:propolis 3956:squashes 3895:such as 3861:tracheal 3824:in many 3765:Georgics 3710:such as 3708:pharaohs 3688:propolis 3678:collect 3638:The Bees 3546:'s poem 3390:mycelium 3386:mycelium 3378:mycelium 3366:mycelium 3354:mycelium 3350:mycelium 3339:microbes 3303:mycelium 3276:mycelium 3272:steroids 3260:mycelium 3248:steroids 3231:mycelium 3193:mycelium 3189:steroids 3175:are the 3169:mycelium 3141:mycelium 3121:Mycelium 3113:mycelium 3101:Mycelium 3065:mycelium 3049:immunity 3037:mycelium 3025:bacteria 3021:Monascus 3001:mycelium 2965:tracheal 2815:halictid 2798:nomadine 2432:studied 2408:navigate 2389:fruitfly 2325:in cells 2275:Nest of 2245:diapause 2233:pupation 2204:visit a 2200:Various 2177:colonies 2104:(family 2060:scavenge 1974:such as 1972:Vespidae 1945:eusocial 1884:eusocial 1831:termites 1690:antennae 1348:Internal 1217:Psenidae 922:Apoidea 848:External 714:Aculeata 461:primates 430:are the 397:socially 313:Synonyms 235:Aculeata 225:Apocrita 191:Phylum: 185:Animalia 171:Domain: 129: – 13282:Bed bug 13264:insects 13262:Harmful 13238:Shellac 13182:Beeswax 13137:Jingzhe 12917:insects 12913:Aspects 12906:insects 12786:Related 12654:Cendrée 12637:(brown) 12491:Ermines 12462:Purpure 12452:(green) 12428:(black) 12401:Colours 12381:(white) 12285:Heneage 12227:Thistle 12220:Trefoil 12154:Unicorn 12129:Phoenix 12124:Pegasus 12119:Panther 12104:Musimon 12099:Mermaid 12084:Lampago 12054:Enfield 12047:Chinese 11984:Serpent 11979:Scallop 11949:Dolphin 11923:Pelican 11918:Martlet 11906:Szaszor 11876:Alerion 11850:Leopard 11825:Bull/ox 11799:Saltire 11787:Roundel 11762:Lozenge 11732:Flaunch 11697:Chevron 11687:Bordure 11672:Annulet 11644:Erasure 11631:Charges 11495:Canting 11483:Cadency 11444:Armiger 11418:Burgher 11371:private 11341:History 11075:Apoidea 9878:Insecta 9876:Class: 9851:Extant 9815:Science 9683:Science 9597:704–708 9440:22 June 9412:22 June 9386:16 July 9304:15 July 9277:14 July 9079:Bibcode 9071:Science 9028:22 June 8944:2950847 8921:Bibcode 8883:. CNN. 8813:4782243 8792:Bibcode 8717:29 June 8489:28 June 8458:30 June 8428:28 June 8218:8943340 8189:Bibcode 8096:6657851 8065:Bibcode 7952:29 June 7881:29 June 7824:18 June 7624:30 June 7598:30 June 7507:Bombini 7427:4971173 7378:4932954 7355:Bibcode 7285:2838259 7167:Bibcode 7135:6926048 7104:Bibcode 6995:Bibcode 6943:1312389 6920:Bibcode 6792:7 March 6574:Bibcode 6543:2407147 6425:26 June 6310:Bibcode 6225:26 June 6107:1634925 6050:3279739 6029:Bibcode 5949:Bibcode 5940:Science 5921:5875340 5901:Bibcode 5850:Bibcode 5842:Science 5737:30 June 5667:3706286 5644:Bibcode 5608:5960199 5585:Bibcode 5432:4845087 5145:3974431 5122:Bibcode 5118:ZooKeys 5068:Bibcode 4971:Bibcode 4870:Bibcode 4812:Science 4781:3113908 4758:Bibcode 4719:Bibcode 4644:3054932 4622:Bibcode 4565:Bibcode 4438:Bibcode 4371:1586180 4348:Bibcode 4181:beeswax 4103:choline 4063:protein 4059:calcium 4048:coconut 4012:As food 3776:Pliny's 3762:in his 3684:beeswax 3635:fantasy 3501:society 3489:Tolstoy 3481:Erasmus 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