510:
elders into retirement houses; in Guyana the housing spaces are larger and accommodate entire extended families. In addition many Indo-Guyanese who first settled
Toronto lived in neighbourhoods far away from worship centres, and those centres were often not majority Indo-Guyanese and did sermons in languages not understood by Indo-Guyanese. As of 1990 many Indo-Guyanese were underpaid in relation to their qualifications and skills, and compared with their political situation in their homeland they had not achieved as much political power by 1990. Indo-Guyanese students attended university at rates higher than the Canadian average due to pressure from parents and a cultural commitment to education, although the people had reduced enthusiasm for achieving this education.
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483:. She concluded that in Toronto Indo-Canadians had salaries lower than other people in Toronto, including native-born persons and people who immigrated. Rajagopal stated that credentials obtained from institutions abroad were possibly not being recognized in Canada, so even though Ontario Indo-Canadians had higher likelihoods of completing university studies than the general population, the Indo-Canadians were unable to get higher income levels.
393:
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451:
2001 Census there were 504,005 South Asians in the
Toronto region. Of them, 345,855 were classified as East Indian, 45,240 were Sri Lankan, 33,145 were Tamil, 32,305 were South Asian n.i.e., 20,480 were Punjabi, 6,435 were Bangladeshi, 3,795 were Bengali, 2,725 were Goan, 1,970 were Sinhalese, 1,830
642:
wrote that the popularity of ethnic shopping centres declined and that many Indo-Canadians are preferring to go to mainstream retailers. Because the prices of saris and salwar kameezes are higher in
Toronto than in India and South Asia, many prefer to travel to South Asia to buy the clothing items.
627:
Speakers' Association", Toronto's main
Maharashtrian organization, was established in 1970. Ram Mulgund, an actuary in a Canadian insurance company who served as the president of Brihan Maharashtra Mandal (BMM), stated that the high level of education of Maharashtrian women meant that they were the
572:
was historically the most common Indian language among South Asians in
Toronto. As immigration from other South Asian countries increased coupled with an increase of immigration from other regions within India, the percentage of Punjabi speakers out of the total South Asian population declined.
509:
When Indo-Guyanese first arrived, many of them did not find advantageous work, despite having high levels of education and skills, due to a lack of credentials, a need for adaptation to
Canadian society, and racism from existing Canadians. Many of them lived in cramped dwellings and this forced
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group in the region, Toronto is the destination of over half of the immigrants coming from India to Canada, and India is the single largest source of immigrants in the
Greater Toronto Area. South Asian Canadians in the region also include significant
807:, Marathi texts from India, as instructional materials due to a lack of English-medium teaching materials. At the time the school had classes of five students each. A Canadian federal grant supported this program from 1978 to 1989.
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Indo-Canadians in the
Greater Toronto Area have an average household income of $ 86,425, which is higher than the Canadian average of $ 81,709 but lower than the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area's average of $ 95,326.
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Religious groups in
Toronto which have Indo-Canadians include Hindus, Muslims, Zoroastrian Parsis, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists. In 2001 the Toronto region had 191,305 Hindus and 90,590 Sikhs.
646:
In 2011 there were two GTA theatres, including Albion Cinema, dedicated to showing Indian films. S. G. O. Jafry established Canada's first Indian cinema in 1969 after having shown Indian films at
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716:
796:. As of 1990 the Marathi program in Toronto was facing a decline in enrollment since the Marathi community was less concentrated and smaller than communities of other Indian languages.
854:
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school for children in 1974, with 15 volunteer teachers, after conducting surveys in the
Toronto area. It operated on Sundays with each class lasting two to three hours. It used
3640:
681:'s Sufi Order of the West. The Sufi Circle of Toronto, originally the Society for the Understanding of the Finite and Infinite (SUFI), was founded by Dr. Mirza Qadeer Baiq, a
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Aminur Rahim, author of an article about the Bengalis of Ontario, wrote that around 1973 a distinct Bangladeshi community was established in Toronto.
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high schools beginning in 1969. The Toronto area at one time had eight Indian cinemas but the rise of home video caused many to go out of business.
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began moving to Toronto around 1967 due to a relaxation in Canadian immigration restrictions and simultaneously due to increased discrimination in
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From 1986 to 1995, over 140,000 persons of South Asian origin moved to the Toronto area. An additional 266,000 arrived from 1996 to 2006.
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was bombed in 1985. The majority of the passengers resided in the Toronto area. In 2007 a memorial for Air India 182 opened in Toronto.
355:
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428:. Brampton has the nicknames "Bramladesh," "Brown Town,", "pind Brampton", and "Singhdale" due to its large South Asian community.
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An inquiry into the identity constructions of the Bangladeshi diaspora in Greater Toronto Areathrough their social networks
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1488:
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1310:
278:
506:. In 1990 Bruce Ally, the author of an article about Indo-Guyanese in Toronto, wrote that they were "relative newcomers".
479:
Indha Rajagopal, the author of "The Glass Ceiling in the Vertical Mosaic: Indian Immigrants to Canada," analyzed the 1986
431:
The first persons of South Asian origin settling in Toronto did so in Downtown and other inner-city areas, establishing a
2600:
1884:
439:) on the eastside in the early 1970s. As the community matured, South Asians began moving to suburban and exurban areas.
1406:
Li, Peter S. "The Market Value and Social Value of Race" (Chapter 1). In: Kwok, Siu-ming and Maria A. Wallis (editors).
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1118:"Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Toronto [Census metropolitan area], Ontario"
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period, a considerable amount of Sri Lankans immigrated to Canada using refugee visas. Most of them were
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stated that there were 11,620 Sikhs in the Toronto area. Philip Marchand, the author of a July 1982
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Heritage Language program supports education programs of various languages of India, including
307:
form 19% of the region's population, numbering 1.2 million as of 2021. Comprising the largest
142:
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1360:
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3109:
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2018:
1987:
1919:
1897:
1749:
1427:
1423:
979:
763:
723:
694:
599:
In 1980 there Toronto area had several Indo-Pakistani language periodicals, including two in
299:
710:
article about Sikhs in Toronto, stated that the population was in a range of 25,000-50,000.
4090:
4041:
4003:
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2415:
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1991:
1297:
1217:
954:
554:
436:
409:
396:
377:
303:
83:
63:
8:
4053:
4013:
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3104:
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2808:
2691:
2491:
2474:
2405:
2368:
2335:
2320:
2060:
2026:
1997:
1972:
1946:
1654:
Johnston, Hugh. 1988. “The Development of Punjabi Community in Vancouver since 1961”. In
1538:
Johnston, Hugh. 1988. “The Development of Punjabi Community in Vancouver since 1961”. In
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162:
1376:"2011 National Household Survey Profile - Census metropolitan area/Census agglomeration"
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Islamic Studies Department. The Sufi Circle was founded as a part of the Chishti order.
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138:
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2395:
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2229:
2183:
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2142:
2081:
2071:
1956:
1951:
1939:
1907:
1797:
1678:
1415:
1387:
1348:
1187:
1060:
785:
600:
558:
448:
417:
225:
75:
55:
3592:
3587:
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2527:
2522:
2512:
2484:
2425:
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2264:
2254:
2217:
2188:
2127:
1977:
1934:
1912:
1892:
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789:
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624:
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578:
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308:
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170:
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112:
100:
67:
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1408:
Daily Struggles: The Deepening Racialization and Feminization of Poverty in Canada
1162:. Sunday July 3, 2011. Updated Monday July 4, 2011. Retrieved on October 28, 2014.
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1982:
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After the Last Journey: Some Reflections on Bangladeshi Community Life in Ontario
1620:
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934:
816:
593:
456:
134:
71:
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2954:
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2066:
2031:
944:
604:
582:
464:
460:
158:
4121:
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2907:
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2056:
2051:
1240:. Monday June 25, 2007. Friday March 13, 2009. Retrieved on October 29, 2014.
1183:
647:
608:
499:
325:
79:
2999:
2825:
1639:
984:
820:
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Romance of Transgression in Canada: Queering Sexualities, Nations, Cinemas
974:
959:
767:
678:
425:
51:
1638:
Hermansen, Marcia. "South Asian Sufism in America" (Chapter 15). CITED:
585:
are the three most spoken languages in Toronto's South Asian community.
522:
343:
3708:
2378:
994:
989:
964:
949:
861: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
781:
670:
317:
1294:
Report of Meetings with Representatives of the Indo‑Canadian Community
553:
A wave of Sri Lankans arrived in Toronto from 1970 to 1975.During the
3914:
3766:
2971:
969:
939:
747:
413:
392:
836:
3085:
1625:
313:
1645:(page unspecified) (under section "South Asian Sufism in Canada").
328:, all representing several different ethnolinguistic backgrounds.
1928:
1826:
666:
386:
By 2007 area South Asians had established philanthropic efforts.
146:
59:
2479:
2400:
1782:
Indian Immigrants in Canada: The Shades of Economic Integration
1704:
Indo-Caribbean Life in Guyana and Toronto: A Comparative Survey
1252:"How Brampton, a town in suburban Ontario, was dubbed a ghetto"
662:
503:
121:
3641:
Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development
1810:
1864:
690:
686:
674:
108:
2992:
1116:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (9 February 2022).
730:, and it was built by Toronto's Ahmadiyya Muslim community.
665:
Islamic sects from South Asia practised in Toronto include
117:
104:
1748:
Wagle, Narendra K. (History Professor and Director of the
494:
408:
As of 2011 the main areas of Indo-Canadian settlement are
750:, and it was built by Toronto's Gujarati Hindu community.
770:, and it was built by Toronto's Punjabi Sikh community.
452:
were Gujarati, 385 were Nepali, and 270 were Kashmiri.
1602:. Friday June 15, 2012. Retrieved on October 29, 2014.
1232:
Toronto South Asian leads swing toward donor diversity
1012:
Asian Indians in the New York City metropolitan region
628:
primary persons operating the Marathi Bhashik Mandal.
374:
Indo-Canadians began to move to Toronto in the 1960s.
1115:
41:
19% of the population of Greater Toronto Area (2021)
1087:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity in Canada"
870:"South Asian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area"
1079:
455:As of circa 1990 there were higher proportions of
799:The Toronto Marathi Bhashik Mandal established a
4119:
1022:History of the Indian Americans in Metro Detroit
1221:. June 23, 2007. Retrieved on October 28, 2014.
1154:South Asian immigrants are transforming Toronto
1337:"Market Size - South Asian Market Size Report"
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
3897:
3691:
3068:
1847:
1787:
1731:." In: Israel, Milton and Narendra K. Wagle.
1706:." In: Israel, Milton and Narendra K. Wagle.
1629:. June 21, 2011. Retrieved on April 13, 2015.
1532:
1276:
1274:
1017:History of the Pakistani Americans in Houston
279:
1586:
1392:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
596:programs are broadcast in the Toronto area.
486:
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1613:VIDEO: The rise of Indian cinema in Canada
1483:
1481:
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1374:Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics.
1271:
1007:South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver
286:
272:
921:Learn how and when to remove this message
3661:Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens
3043:of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean
1764:Multicultural History Society of Ontario
1739:Multicultural History Society of Ontario
1718:Multicultural History Society of Ontario
1569:
1547:
1135:
391:
3030:of France in the southwest Indian Ocean
1780:Agrawal, Sandeep and Alexander Lovell.
1478:
1458:
1249:
611:. At that time the Toronto area had no
495:Indo-Caribbean people and Indo-Guyanese
4120:
27:South Asian Canadians in Metro Toronto
3885:
3679:
3056:
1835:
744:BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Toronto
623:The Toronto Marathi Bhashik Mandal ("
116:various other South Asian languages |
1611:Mustafa, Ali and Manmeet Ahuwalia. "
1594:The rise and fall of the ethnic mall
1067:from the original on 27 October 2017
859:adding citations to reliable sources
830:
826:
517:
338:
46:Regions with significant populations
13:
1774:
1766:(Toronto, Ontario) 1990. Start p.
1741:(Toronto, Ontario) 1990. Start p.
1720:(Toronto, Ontario) 1990. Start p.
1373:
1209:Toronto reveals Air India memorial
14:
4149:
4128:Asian-Canadian culture in Toronto
1803:
1754:On Being Maharashtrian in Toronto
1752:Centre of South Asian Studies). "
693:who served as a professor in the
636:In 2012 Dakshana Bascaramurty of
3982:
3913:
3765:
3707:
3084:
2087:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1863:
1334:
1300:. Retrieved on October 21, 2014.
1097:from the original on 27 May 2019
835:
755:
735:
715:
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1821:Chambre de Commerce Indo-Canada
1817:Indo-Canada Chamber of Commerce
1663:
1632:
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846:needs additional citations for
618:
442:
1243:
1224:
1201:
1109:
1049:
513:
1:
3755:Bengalis in the United States
1042:
1032:Pakistani community of London
416:in Toronto and the cities of
1788:Ahsan, Shakib (April 2015).
1335:Inc., Manifold Data Mining.
775:
403:
7:
1000:
815:There is a large statue of
653:
631:
564:
10:
4154:
1696:
1027:Indian community of London
334:
4107:Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora
4099:
4083:
4062:
4029:
3991:
3980:
3926:
3858:
3827:
3774:
3763:
3720:
3646:Pakistani nationality law
3606:
3550:
3543:
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3440:
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3327:
3284:
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3195:
3130:
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3036:of France in the Americas
3022:
3005:Non-Resident Indian Award
2980:
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2871:
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2505:
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2110:
2017:
2010:
1965:
1883:
1876:
1341:www.superdemographics.com
810:
487:Bangladeshis and Bengalis
470:
157:
152:
133:
128:
99:
94:
50:
45:
36:
31:
4138:Ethnic groups in Toronto
3041:sui generis collectivity
1422:, 9781551303390. Start:
1412:Canadian Scholars' Press
588:
3631:Immigration to Pakistan
3614:Anti-Pakistan sentiment
3010:Non-Resident Indian Day
1759:South Asians in Ontario
1734:South Asians in Ontario
1709:South Asians in Ontario
1677:(MQUP), July 18, 2006.
1657:Canadian Ethnic Studies
1619:April 29, 2015, at the
1592:Bascaramurty, Daksha. "
1541:Canadian Ethnic Studies
1037:Indians in South Africa
2981:Other related articles
1544:, Vol. 20:2. p. 16-17.
400:
4133:Indo-Canadian culture
2077:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1750:University of Toronto
1250:Amhed-Ullah, Noreen.
980:Maitreyi Ramakrishnan
764:Ontario Khalsa Darbar
695:University of Toronto
395:
300:South Asian Canadians
153:Related ethnic groups
3964:United Arab Emirates
3812:United Arab Emirates
3714:Bangladeshi diaspora
3233:United Arab Emirates
3034:Overseas departments
2988:South Asian diaspora
2601:United Arab Emirates
1685:, 9780773585287. p.
1675:McGill-Queen's Press
1298:Government of Canada
1230:Reinhart, Anthony. "
1218:Canwest News Service
1194:, 9781554888856. p.
1186:, November 8, 2010.
1180:Toronto's Many Faces
855:improve this article
819:in Shanti Uddyan on
437:Gerrard India Bazaar
397:Air India Flight 182
378:Air India Flight 182
304:Greater Toronto Area
187:Ethnicity in Toronto
64:Greater Toronto Area
3920:Sri Lankan diaspora
3624:Diplomatic missions
3028:overseas department
2102:U.S. Virgin Islands
2097:Trinidad and Tobago
1660:, Vol. 20:2. p. 16.
1380:www12.statcan.gc.ca
1122:www12.statcan.gc.ca
724:Baitul Islam Mosque
463:, while numbers of
399:memorial in Toronto
181:Part of a series on
163:Pakistani Canadians
28:
3656:Pakistani students
3651:Pakistani passport
3091:Pakistani diaspora
2037:Dominican Republic
1714:PDF of entire book
1599:The Globe and Mail
1359:has generic name (
1288:2014-09-04 at the
1257:The Globe and Mail
1237:The Globe and Mail
1159:The Globe and Mail
639:The Globe and Mail
533:. You can help by
401:
354:. You can help by
26:
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3619:Foreign relations
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2006:
2005:
1827:Miss Canada-India
1798:McGill University
1061:Statistics Canada
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827:Notable residents
551:
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449:Statistics Canada
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3607:Related articles
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3478:Punjabi Mexicans
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2880:Ethnic diasporas
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2199:British Columbia
2015:
2014:
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1811:The Weekly Voice
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1727:Rahim, Aminur. "
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1456:
1437:
1431:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1332:
1326:
1307:
1301:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1247:
1241:
1228:
1222:
1205:
1199:
1178:Ruprecht, Tony.
1176:
1163:
1150:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1053:
926:
919:
915:
912:
906:
904:
863:
839:
831:
801:Marathi language
759:
739:
719:
702:Census of Canada
603:and one each in
546:
543:
525:
518:
481:Census of Canada
367:
364:
346:
339:
309:visible minority
288:
281:
274:
178:
177:
171:Indian Americans
167:Afghan Canadians
32:Total population
29:
25:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4095:
4079:
4058:
4025:
3987:
3978:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3880:
3875:
3854:
3823:
3770:
3761:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3674:
3665:
3636:Little Pakistan
3602:
3539:
3489:
3436:
3354:
3323:
3280:
3249:
3191:
3119:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3051:
3046:
3014:
2976:
2867:
2783:
2701:
2658:
2637:
2605:
2537:
2501:
2352:
2271:
2250:Punjabi Mexican
2162:
2106:
2002:
1961:
1872:
1870:Indian diaspora
1862:
1860:
1806:
1777:
1775:Further reading
1699:
1694:
1693:
1669:Waugh, Thomas.
1668:
1664:
1653:
1649:
1637:
1633:
1621:Wayback Machine
1610:
1606:
1591:
1587:
1574:
1570:
1557:
1548:
1537:
1533:
1520:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1486:
1479:
1466:
1459:
1438:
1434:
1405:
1401:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1356:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1308:
1304:
1290:Wayback Machine
1279:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1248:
1244:
1229:
1225:
1206:
1202:
1177:
1166:
1151:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1057:"Profile table"
1055:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1003:
935:Vasu Chanchlani
927:
916:
910:
907:
864:
862:
852:
840:
829:
817:Mohandas Gandhi
813:
780:As of 1990 the
778:
771:
760:
751:
740:
731:
720:
656:
634:
621:
594:Channel Punjabi
591:
567:
547:
541:
538:
531:needs expansion
516:
497:
489:
473:
445:
435:(also known as
406:
389:
368:
362:
359:
352:needs expansion
337:
331:
292:
255:
165:
115:
40:
24:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4151:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4014:United Kingdom
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3850:United Kingdom
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3405:United Kingdom
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3302:Jawi Peranakan
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3132:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3031:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Indo-Caribbean
2754:
2747:United Kingdom
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2411:Jawi Peranakan
2408:
2403:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2290:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Indo-Caribbean
2232:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1814:
1805:
1804:External links
1802:
1801:
1800:
1796:- PhD thesis,
1785:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1746:
1725:
1702:Ally, Bruce. "
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1662:
1647:
1631:
1604:
1585:
1568:
1546:
1531:
1514:
1497:
1477:
1457:
1432:
1399:
1366:
1327:
1302:
1270:
1242:
1223:
1200:
1164:
1152:Gee, Marcus. "
1134:
1108:
1093:. 8 May 2013.
1078:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
945:Russell Peters
942:
937:
929:
928:
843:
841:
834:
828:
825:
812:
809:
777:
774:
773:
772:
766:is located in
761:
754:
752:
746:is located in
741:
734:
732:
726:is located in
721:
714:
655:
652:
633:
630:
620:
617:
590:
587:
566:
563:
549:
548:
528:
526:
515:
512:
496:
493:
488:
485:
472:
469:
465:Maharashtrians
444:
441:
405:
402:
370:
369:
349:
347:
336:
333:
294:
293:
291:
290:
283:
276:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
190:
189:
183:
182:
174:
173:
159:Indo Canadians
155:
154:
150:
149:
131:
130:
126:
125:
97:
96:
92:
91:
48:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
22:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4150:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4054:United States
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:North America
4028:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3745:United States
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3573:Azad Kashmiri
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:Sub-diasporas
3549:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3453:United States
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
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3211:
3209:
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3200:
3198:
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3141:
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3135:
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3129:
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3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
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2990:
2989:
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2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:South Indians
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Bengali Hindu
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
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2842:New Caledonia
2841:
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2828:
2827:
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3807:Saudi Arabia
3228:Saudi Arabia
3115:South Africa
3000:Little India
2967:Anglo-Indian
2851:Maori-Indian
2836:South Indian
2591:Saudi Arabia
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2179:Anglo-Indian
1988:South Africa
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985:Iman Vellani
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853:Please help
848:verification
845:
821:Yonge Street
814:
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707:Toronto Life
705:
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661:
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619:Institutions
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535:adding to it
530:
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498:
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467:were fewer.
454:
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443:Demographics
433:Little India
430:
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388:
385:
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360:
356:adding to it
351:
330:
318:Bangladeshis
298:
297:
231:South Asians
230:
143:Christianity
37:
23:Ethnic group
20:
18:Ethnic group
15:
4075:New Zealand
4009:Switzerland
3871:New Zealand
3802:Middle East
3528:New Zealand
3390:Netherlands
3328:Middle East
3276:South Korea
3138:Afghanistan
2948:In the Gulf
2846:New Zealand
2742:Switzerland
2737:Netherlands
2470:Philippines
2294:Afghanistan
2224:by location
2082:Saint Lucia
1823:) (Archive)
1357:|last=
1101:29 December
975:Lilly Singh
960:Deepa Mehta
805:Balabharati
768:Mississauga
679:Inayat Khan
677:orders and
514:Sri Lankans
426:Mississauga
410:Scarborough
322:Sri Lankans
196:Aboriginals
84:Scarborough
52:Mississauga
4122:Categories
3738:Begum Para
3285:South East
3176:Sri Lanka
3150:Bangladesh
2379:Klingalese
2306:Bangladesh
2072:Martinique
2047:Guadeloupe
1935:Seychelles
1920:Mozambique
1898:Madagascar
1683:0773585281
1575:Wagle, p.
1558:Wagle, p.
1439:Rahim, p.
1420:1551303396
1309:Wagle, p.
1263:20 January
1192:1554888859
1127:27 October
1043:References
995:Prem Watsa
990:Nav Bhatia
965:Roger Nair
955:Amrit Kaur
950:Aditya Jha
881:newspapers
782:North York
671:Naqshbandi
447:As of the
314:Pakistanis
251:Vietnamese
206:Cambodians
4070:Australia
3974:Indonesia
3959:Singapore
3934:Hong Kong
3866:Australia
3501:Australia
3314:Singapore
3266:Hong Kong
2972:Chindians
2943:Malayalis
2799:Australia
2518:Hong Kong
2475:Singapore
2384:Mardijker
2374:Indonesia
2357:Southeast
2326:Sri Lanka
2204:Vancouver
2158:Venezuela
2118:Argentina
2019:Caribbean
1966:Elsewhere
1903:Mauritius
1885:Southeast
1521:Ally, p.
1504:Ally, p.
1487:Ally, p.
1467:Ally, p.
970:Lata Pada
940:Jus Reign
776:Education
748:Etobicoke
700:The 1981
555:civil war
457:Gujaratis
414:Etobicoke
404:Geography
216:Filipinos
95:Languages
88:Etobicoke
38:1,182,485
4100:See also
3969:Pakistan
3954:Malaysia
3819:Pakistan
3797:Maldives
3792:Malaysia
3750:New York
3721:Americas
3578:Kashmiri
3563:Gujarati
3544:See also
3533:Punjabis
3511:Punjabis
3506:Pashtuns
3473:Punjabis
3468:Pashtuns
3441:Americas
3425:Pashtuns
3420:Punjabis
3415:Mirpuris
3319:Thailand
3307:Punjabis
3297:Malaysia
3254:Far East
3180:Pashtuns
3165:Pashtuns
3143:Punjabis
2898:Kashmiri
2893:Gujarati
2872:See also
2831:Gujarati
2804:Malayali
2762:Gujarati
2692:Portugal
2663:Southern
2642:Northern
2492:Thailand
2416:Malayali
2406:Gujarati
2396:Malaysia
2369:Cambodia
2331:Bharatha
2321:Pakistan
2311:Maldives
2240:Gujarati
2092:Suriname
2027:Barbados
2011:Americas
1998:Zimbabwe
1973:Botswana
1947:Tanzania
1626:CBC News
1617:Archived
1414:, 2008.
1388:cite web
1349:cite web
1286:Archived
1095:Archived
1065:Archived
1001:See also
786:Gujarati
654:Religion
632:Commerce
601:Gujarati
565:Language
542:May 2015
461:Punjabis
418:Brampton
363:May 2015
241:Japanese
236:Italians
129:Religion
76:Oakville
56:Brampton
4063:Oceania
4047:Toronto
4037:Bermuda
3949:Lebanon
3859:Oceania
3845:Romania
3593:Saraiki
3588:Punjabi
3583:Pashtun
3521:Sindhis
3516:Hazaras
3494:Oceania
3483:Sindhis
3458:Houston
3430:Sindhis
3380:Germany
3370:Denmark
3345:Lebanon
3203:Bahrain
3185:Sindhis
3170:Sindhis
3110:Somalia
2960:Telugus
2918:Punjabi
2903:Mirpuri
2856:Punjabi
2809:Punjabi
2792:Oceania
2767:Punjabi
2725:Germany
2706:Western
2649:Finland
2621:Eastern
2576:Lebanon
2549:Bahrain
2497:Vietnam
2453:Myanmar
2446:Sarawak
2421:Punjabi
2299:Punjabi
2245:Punjabi
2230:Bengali
2211:Toronto
2184:Punjabi
2153:Uruguay
2067:Jamaica
2061:Marabou
2042:Grenada
1929:Malbars
1925:Réunion
1819:(ICCC;
1756:." In:
1697:Sources
1581:Archive
1564:Archive
1527:Archive
1510:Archive
1493:Archive
1473:Archive
1453:Archive
1445:Archive
1323:Archive
1315:Archive
1282:Annexes
1213:Archive
1184:Dundurn
895:scholar
794:Marathi
790:Punjabi
728:Vaughan
667:Chishti
625:Marathi
613:Punjabi
579:Punjabi
573:Today,
570:Punjabi
422:Markham
335:History
326:Nepalis
302:in the
211:Chinese
147:Sikhism
113:Bengali
101:English
68:Markham
60:Toronto
4084:Africa
4042:Canada
4019:London
3999:France
3992:Europe
3840:Poland
3828:Europe
3733:Canada
3728:Brazil
3598:Sindhi
3568:Hazara
3558:Baloch
3463:Baloch
3448:Canada
3410:London
3395:Norway
3375:France
3363:Europe
3340:Israel
3335:Jordan
3238:Baloch
3213:Kuwait
3160:Baloch
3098:Africa
2955:Tamils
2933:Sindhi
2928:Romani
2819:Sindhi
2772:Sindhi
2752:London
2713:France
2670:Cyprus
2654:Sweden
2633:Russia
2628:Poland
2614:Europe
2596:Turkey
2571:Kuwait
2559:Israel
2533:Taiwan
2480:Chitty
2436:Penang
2431:Telugu
2401:Chitty
2364:Brunei
2346:Telugu
2336:Chetty
2265:Telugu
2255:Sindhi
2189:Sindhi
2174:Canada
2143:Panama
2138:Mexico
2123:Brazil
2052:Guyana
2032:Belize
1957:Zambia
1952:Uganda
1908:Bihari
1877:Africa
1681:
1418:
1190:
1071:4 July
897:
890:
883:
876:
868:
811:Legacy
792:, and
683:shaikh
673:, and
559:Tamils
504:Guyana
471:Income
424:, and
324:, and
226:Greeks
221:French
122:Pashto
72:Milton
4004:Italy
3944:Japan
3939:India
3835:Italy
3787:Japan
3782:India
3400:Spain
3385:Italy
3350:Syria
3292:Burma
3271:Japan
3261:China
3245:Yemen
3223:Qatar
3155:India
3131:South
3105:Libya
2922:Sikhs
2861:Tamil
2814:Tamil
2777:Tamil
2730:Tamil
2718:Tamil
2697:Spain
2687:Malta
2680:Tamil
2675:Italy
2586:Qatar
2528:Korea
2523:Japan
2513:China
2485:Tamil
2463:Tamil
2441:Sabah
2426:Tamil
2389:Tamil
2341:Tamil
2316:Nepal
2287:South
2260:Tamil
2194:Tamil
2128:Chile
2057:Haiti
1992:Tamil
1983:Ghana
1978:Egypt
1940:Tamil
1913:Tamil
1893:Kenya
1643:PT202
902:JSTOR
888:books
691:India
687:Ajmer
685:from
675:Qadri
605:Hindi
589:Media
583:Tamil
201:Black
139:Hindu
135:Islam
109:Hindi
3927:Asia
3775:Asia
3218:Oman
3208:Iran
3196:Gulf
3124:Asia
2993:Desi
2913:Odia
2908:Mizo
2826:Fiji
2581:Oman
2564:Jews
2554:Iran
2542:West
2506:East
2458:Mizo
2280:Asia
2148:Peru
1679:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1394:link
1361:help
1265:2022
1188:ISBN
1129:2022
1103:2013
1073:2023
874:news
762:The
742:The
722:The
663:Sufi
609:Urdu
607:and
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