397:, above a lobby and bars and restaurants in the fully glazed ground and first floors. The double level plaza behind covered a larger area, had a long front along Bourke Street, and was wrapped around an internal square courtyard, with a central fountain. The plaza contained more associated bars and restaurants, and another 40 or so shops, as well a bowling alley on the upper level. The Southern Cross Ballroom, with a seating capacity of 500, sat on top of the south side of the plaza building, and was accessed from the main lobby. There were a total of ten bars, restaurants and function rooms within the hotel and the plaza, and the range of shops included such necessities as a pharmacy, hairdresser, beauty parlour, tobacconists, car rental, travel agents, banks, as well as fashion boutiques and gift shops. A large 350 space carpark in the basement served both guests and public (guests could park free of charge when it first opened). The shopping plaza was designed on a broad horizontal base, setback from the marked slope of
47:
376:, the shopping court was demolished. In late 1996, the financial position of the Nauruan Government and its real-estate holdings had become public. The small island state had suffered from decades of financial mismanagement, squandering a fortune in excess of $ 1.5 billion to complete bankruptcy. These financial woes, combined with significant cost blowouts and delays, resulted in Nauru abandoning the redevelopment (amongst numerous other projects and properties in Melbourne and Sydney). The project never proceeded any further, and the abandoned tower stood derelict until finally being completely demolished in 2003, to make way for a new office development. It has been replaced by the large
31:
448:, but featured art, decor or rooms with 'national' references. In the case of the Southern Cross, not only was the name a local reference, but some of the interiors reflected the still mostly Victorian-era city of Melbourne. The Mayfair Room featured cast-iron lace style filigree arched wall sections and gas-lamp style light fittings, the Coolibah Restaurant featured illuminated aboriginal-style shields and timber panelling, and at plaza level The Tavern featured ornate carved blackwood bars and room dividers with leadlight and etched glass panels like an old English pub.
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in 1992, the
Southern Cross lost its premier position. The attached shopping court had never been particularly popular and by the 1980s was considered a planning failure. In the early 1990s, having already lost many of the 'themed' rooms, another refurbishment removed more of its remaining original character, the most dramatic change being beige paint over the blue tiled exterior.
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in 1994, who then closed it on 1 April 1995 pending a large scale redevelopment that would have retained hotel tower with aesthetic enhancements. The proposed redevelopment of the
Southern Cross Hotel included significant upgrades to guest accommodation, restaurants, a grand mezzanine and lobby, with
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The hotel is best known for hosting The
Beatles on the Melbourne leg of their Australian tour in 1964. 'Beatlemania' reached a fever pitch in Melbourne, and huge crowds blocked traffic outside the hotel, and fainting girls had to be treated on the street. When they left, their bed sheets were torn up
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Located on a two-and-a-quarter-acre site, the
Southern Cross Hotel was a large project that included not just the hotel itself but a shopping plaza adjacent along Bourke Street, in an attempt to provide all the facilities a hotel guest might require in a single development. The 11 level tower of the
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In 1977, with Pam Am in debt, Intercontinental sold their stake to
Australian owners, and ceased to manage the hotel. With the opening of more, large luxury hotels beginning with the Hilton in East Melbourne in 1974, then the Grand Hyatt in nearby Collins Street in 1988, and the Langham in Southbank
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visited
Melbourne to explore the prospect of opening a hotel, and began negotiations with the Council over the Eastern Market site. A deal was eventually arranged in which a local consortium in partnership with InterContinental would build the hotel, leasing the land from the Council for 99 years,
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Welton Becket had previously designed four big hotels three for Hilton Hotels, two of them international; the
Beverley Hilton in Los Angeles in 1953, the Havana Hilton in 1958, and the Nile Hilton (in Cairo) in 1959. They also designed the Sheraton Dallas in 1959. The 1950s hotels all shared the
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By the 1990s, the style of the hotel was widely considered to be in "bad taste." Writing about it in the early 1990s, Architectural
Historian Miles Lewis described it as "garish, featuristic, and American". However, The National Trust (Victoria) published an article in 1994 in defence of its
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style exterior was decorative and colourful, featuring a flattened hexagonal pattern on the bold horizontals of the podium of the hotel and the shopping block, zig-zag edges to the base and top of the tower block, and most strikingly, bright blue spandrel panels on the tower that used
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was a hotel in
Melbourne, Australia. It was opened by the Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, on 24 August 1962 as Australia's first modern 'International' hotel, heralding the arrival of American-style glamour, the jet-set and international tourism. It occupied a large site on
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The decorative design was not well received by the architectural establishment when it opened, and by the end of its life it was widely seen as 'kitsch'. The use of purely decorative elements was exactly the kind of 'featurism' that influential local architect and critic
277:. Never having been successful as a food market, the structure had instead been the home of a variety of shops and entertainments, and by the 1950s it was seen as tawdry and outdated, and the Council began discussing what to do with the site.
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numerous ballrooms and exhibition spaces. The redevelopment was expected to meet or exceed $ 175 million to cover both the construction of a larger residential tower consisting of serviced apartments and the hotel redevelopment.
465:(though he never specifically criticised the Southern Cross). Most architects in Victoria in the 50s and 60s had similar views, and the Southern Cross remained the most prominent 'featurist' building in Melbourne.
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and sold for charity. In Beatle lore, their stay is important since it was the only hotel to host five of the
Beatles at one time. (Jimmy Nicol was hired as a temporary drummer for an ill Ringo Starr).
254:, formerly occupied by the grand Eastern Market, and was the premier hotel in the city into the early 1980s. The Southern Cross was the preferred hotel for celebrities in this period, most famously
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The Southern Cross remained the most glamorous place to stay through the 60s and 70s, and the large ballroom hosted many important events, including such nationally significant events as the
1992:
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Billed as luxury hotel costing £5,250,000, that provided "comfort and service without equal", the completed building was opened by the Australian Prime Minister
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300:& Associates, in partnership with local architects Leslie M. Perrot & Partners, were chosen, and demolition of the market commenced that year.
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A large illuminated rooftop "Southern Cross" sign was attached to the front and back of the two-storey screen wall that hid the services on the roof.
288:, the concept of international travel as a glamorous activity for both tourism and business purposes developed through the late 50s and early 60s.
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The 435 bedrooms were double rooms available at single or double tariffs. They were decorated in seven different colour schemes, all of them
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created the first international hotel chains, bringing US-style modernity to cities around the world. With the increasing use of faster
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and striking. All rooms were air-conditioned, with each guest permitted to regulate individual temperatures, as well as Radio, TV, and
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tower and podium format seen at the Southern Cross, a strongly modernist design, as well as decorative details and integral artworks.
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being available in every room, all unusual features at the time. The rooms were available originally for £4 a day.
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Closed in 1995 and partly demolished, the hotel tower remained standing and vacant until its demolition in 2003.
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in 1964, and the ballroom was the preferred location for locally and nationally important events.
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1865:. National Library of Australia. 15 January 1964. p. 37 Supplement: PERFECT HOLIDAYS
1809:. National Library of Australia. 15 January 1964. p. 37 Supplement: PERFECT HOLIDAYS
314:', and hosting most world-famous visitors to Melbourne in the following decades such as
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importance, when they unsuccessfully attempted to have the building heritage listed.
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while InterContinental would provide management. In 1960, the Los Angeles architects
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International chain hotels built in that period around the world were often boldly
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The Southern Cross was an immediate success, attracting the growing international '
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1551:. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 28 June 1956. p. 6
532:(Awarded Michelin Star Status and Winner of Chaine des Rotisseurs)
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In the 1950s, US based hotels such as Hilton and the Pan Am owned
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and Associates in partnership with Leslie M Perrott & Partners
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Southern Cross Intercontinental Hotel (Melbourne, Vic.) (1900),
1716:. Canberra Times, September 1992. 21 September 1993. p. 22
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had consistently derided, especially in his 1960 publication
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Storey, Rohan (August 1994). "Bad taste is important too".
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Storey, Rohan (August 1994). "Bad taste is important too".
1893:. National Library of Australia. 22 August 1962. p. 9
1837:. National Library of Australia. 22 August 1962. p. 9
1781:. National Library of Australia. 22 August 1962. p. 9
1637:. National Library of Australia. 22 August 1962. p. 9
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The half a city block site was occupied by the grand 1879
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1690:. Canberra Times, March 1974. 9 March 1974. p. 3
1960:
Welcome to the Southern Cross Intercontinental Hotel
1751:, Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2005.
1738:, Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2005.
1659:, Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2005.
1583:, Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2005.
1761:Driven by Steel: SX1 – SOUTHERN CROSS DEVELOPMENT
1993:Demolished buildings and structures in Melbourne
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2033:International style architecture in Australia
1929:Melbourne: The City's History and Development
516:(Renamed the Palm Court Restaurant in 1990s)
1998:Former buildings and structures in Melbourne
966:Fine Line Photography & Classic Car Hire
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2008:Buildings and structures demolished in 2003
1543:"U.S. AIRWAYS MAN LOOKS AT 3 HOTEL SITES"
433:tiles in twenty-three different shades.
1714:Canberra Times (Act : 1926 – 1995)
1688:Canberra Times (Act : 1926 – 1995)
307:on 14 August 1962, live on television.
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1710:"Wanganeen wins Brownlow by one vote"
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35:Southern Cross Hotel Postcard c. 1962
2018:1995 disestablishments in Australia
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2003:Hotel buildings completed in 1962
1931:. City of Melbourne. p. 137.
824:Austin-Anderson (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.
2013:1962 establishments in Australia
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1749:The Encyclopedia of Melbourne
1736:The Encyclopedia of Melbourne
1657:The Encyclopedia of Melbourne
1634:The Australian Women's Weekly
1581:The Encyclopedia of Melbourne
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972:Photographer & Car Hire
952:Consolidated Home Industries
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1829:"NEW HOTEL IS THE BIGGEST"
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1629:"NEW HOTEL IS THE BIGGEST"
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624:Tasmanian Tourist Bureau
514:The Coolibah Restaurant
2028:Welton Becket buildings
2023:InterContinental hotels
1106:Southern Cross Lingerie
724:National of A.Asia Ltd.
682:Southern Cross Pharmacy
463:The Australian Ugliness
273:, and was owned by the
203:Design and construction
1404:Sophia's Reptile Gifts
739:National Cash Register
588:Little Collins Streets
523:Australian Restaurant
498:The Mayfair Restaurant
403:Little Collins Streets
1927:Lewis, Miles (1995).
1465:Private Car Services
838:Mayfair Colour Centre
549:The Ice Cream Parlour
393:435-room hotel faced
362:the Republic of Nauru
1684:"Kennedy wins Logie"
1523:Southern Cross Tower
1459:Exclusive Limousines
1320:New Chinese Products
1306:World Fair Promotion
1208:Tam the Cheap Grocer
1092:Australian Gift Shop
378:Southern Cross Tower
243:Southern Cross Hotel
153:37.8122°S 144.9710°E
24:Southern Cross Hotel
1988:Hotels in Melbourne
1672:. 28 February 2014.
1396:Sporting Equipment
1348:Scholl Foot Service
938:Chiropractic Clinic
866:Cyclax Beauty Salon
754:Southern Cross Bowl
746:Electric Computers
554:1890s reproduction
420:Architectural style
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91:Architectural style
70:General information
1446:Collins Book Depot
1376:Boutique Forty One
1166:Newmans Chocolates
473:Directory of Shops
426:Mid-century modern
188:2003 (closed 1995)
158:-37.8122; 144.9710
95:Mid Century Modern
1609:Missing or empty
1596:. 24 August 1962.
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556:Ice Cream Parlour
395:Exhibition Street
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1473:William Grau
1158:Couch Tours
1078:Dorn Studios
1008:Goya Casuals
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1963:, The Hotel
1438:Car Rental
1407:Lower Plaza
1393:Lower Plaza
1379:Lower Plaza
1365:Lower Plaza
1351:Lower Plaza
1340:Pharmacies
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1284:Shopfitter
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1172:Chocolates
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869:Upper Plaza
855:Upper Plaza
844:Decorators
841:Upper Plaza
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816:Solicitors
813:Upper Plaza
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699:Upper Plaza
688:Pharmacies
685:Upper Plaza
671:Upper Plaza
655:Upper Plaza
641:Upper Plaza
627:Upper Plaza
542:Restaurant
507:Restaurant
414:piped music
382:Woods Bagot
324:Rock Hudson
316:the Beatles
256:The Beatles
250:in central
156: /
144:144°58′16″E
131:Coordinates
1982:Categories
1944:Trust News
1914:Trust News
1720:9 December
1694:9 December
1529:References
1462:Main Lobby
1449:Main Lobby
1435:Main Lobby
1424:Jewellers
1421:Main Lobby
1354:Chiropody
1312:Promotion
1214:Groceries
1152:Parlorcars
830:Engineers
796:Magic Chef
768:Magic Chef
710:Ansett/ANA
611:The Wilawa
584:Exhibition
582:Corner of
579:Public Bar
564:The Tavern
540:Rotisserie
459:Robin Boyd
332:John Wayne
286:jet planes
193:Management
185:Demolished
141:37°48′44″S
78:Demolished
1602:cite news
1548:The Argus
1499:Elevation
1476:Mezzanine
1418:Pamamulls
1410:Handbags
1382:Fashions
1278:U-Rect-It
1256:Menswear
1228:Menswear
1222:Adam Ties
1186:Commerce
1112:Lingerie
1070:Fashions
1056:Menswear
1042:Fashions
1036:City Girl
1014:Fashions
980:Casa Pepe
914:Handbags
658:Fashions
644:Jeweller
638:Dunklings
488:Location
452:Critiques
446:Modernist
440:Interiors
351:Brownlows
252:Melbourne
169:Completed
125:Australia
116:Melbourne
1517:See also
1298:Betting
1236:Toy Cave
1121:ANZ Bank
788:Medical
760:Bowling
716:Airline
674:Airline
491:Service
388:Features
1511:Section
1486:Gallery
900:Liquor
886:Liquor
802:Snacks
774:Snacks
599:The Pub
505:Gourmet
312:jet set
265:History
232:Parking
122:Country
101:Address
1967:14 May
1897:14 May
1869:14 May
1841:14 May
1813:14 May
1785:14 May
1641:14 May
1555:14 May
1452:Books
1368:Gifts
1326:Gifts
1270:Gifts
1144:Radio
1098:Gifts
1000:Gifts
986:Gifts
667:Qantas
571:Tavern
431:mosaic
410:modern
399:Bourke
349:, the
347:Logies
293:Pan Am
177:Opened
75:Status
1362:Forum
1205:29–30
1149:23–24
1128:Bank
1117:21–22
1061:17–18
1047:15–16
751:22–31
735:18–21
730:Bank
567:Lobby
536:Lobby
520:Lobby
501:Lobby
485:Name
86:Hotel
1969:2015
1946:: 8.
1916:: 8.
1899:2015
1871:2015
1843:2015
1815:2015
1787:2015
1722:2015
1696:2015
1643:2015
1615:help
1557:2015
1432:Kays
592:Bar
586:and
424:The
401:and
334:and
241:The
180:1962
172:1961
104:131
83:Type
1247:32b
1233:32a
1219:31a
1137:3AW
891:3–4
235:350
227:435
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