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161:
173:
1595:'s "Russian Army" heralded the last phase of the Russian Civil War in the South. The Crimean peninsula served as the White's last stronghold, where all the remnants of the other defeated White Armies gathered. In May 1920, the Reds destroyed the Army of the Caucasus, which had been part of the AFSR; the survivor's fled either to join Wrangel or to Georgia. By July 1920 Wrangel had 25,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, 13 tanks, 25 armored cars, 40 aircraft, 2 battleships, 3 cruisers, 11 destroyers, 4 submarines and 8 gunboats. This expanded by October 1920 to 41,000 infantry and 17,000 cavalry. However, despite the rise in manpower, Wrangel was unable to undertake a successful offensive towards Moscow or break out of his Crimean stronghold. A raid into the
1690:. Georgian communists asked for permission to take over Georgia but no real authorization was given. On May 3, communists loyal to the Russian SFSR launched a coup in Tbilisi, which was defeated by the Georgian army. The Georgian General staff started to mobilize and ready themselves for war, however this never came, as negotiations with the Reds (May 1920) managed to secure their independence, on the conditions that they allowed Bolshevik groups and organizations to exist and that no foreign troops could enter Georgian soil. Refused entry into the League of Nations, Georgia gained de jure recognition from the Allies on January 27, 1921. This, however, did not prevent the country from being attacked by Soviet Russia a month later.
1661:
the UNR's armies in two. By May 1919, the UNR occupied a small strip of land around Brody and at the same time were negotiating with the Poles, with an armistice with the Poles, the
Ukrainians could push forwards and they attacked south-eastwards to Kamanets Podil'skyi. With Denikin launching an offensive against the Reds in the north, along with spontaneous peasant uprisings allowed the Ukrainians to retake Kiev in August 1919, but they were expelled by Denikin's forces. With Denikin's defeat and the Ukrainians in severe trouble, they made an alliance with the Poles in April 1920, the combined Polish-Ukrainian forces pushed back the Reds, who occupied most of Ukraine. This was part of the
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desperate resistance of the poorly organized
Georgian military was broken at the capital and the Georgian Bolsheviks proclaimed the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Almost simultaneously, Turkish troops took control over Ardahan Province, Artvin, and Batumi. On March 17, the Menshevik and Soviet representatives agreed to a ceasefire and joined their efforts to recover Batumi. On March 18, the leadership of the DRG left Georgia by the French ship Ernest Renan. By the Moscow-dictated
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1574:, tens of thousands of Volunteer and Don Cossack troops did manage to embark on ships that transported them safely to the Crimean Peninsula. But due to insufficient tonnage, an even greater number of Cossack soldiers and civilians fleeing with the Whites were left behind at Novorossiysk where they were forced to either surrender or continue to retreat south.
1762:
Amin
Rasulzade (who was later allowed to emigrate) and executed (like Gen. Selimov, Gen. Sulkevich, Gen. Agalarov, a total of over 20 generals), or assassinated by Armenian militants like Fatali Khan Khoyski and Behbudagha Javanshir. Most students and citizens traveling abroad remained in those countries never to return again to their country.
1693:
The peace with
Georgia, though initially supported strongly by Lenin, finally ended on February 11 when the Armenian and Georgian Bolsheviks organized a revolt in Lorri. The Armenia-based 11th Red Army marched on Tbilisi, while other Russian forces invaded from various directions. By February 25, the
1685:
With the defeat of the Whites in 1920, the
Georgian Democratic Republic was under threat from the Red Army moving ever closer to her borders. The Reds offered an alliance with Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan in order to defeat the Whites in the Caucasus, etc. The Georgians refused, going for a policy
1753:
After major political crisis, the Fifth
Cabinet of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic gave its resignations on April 1, 1920. On April 25, 1920, the Russian XI Red Army crossed into Azerbaijan and entered Baku on April 27. They demanded the dissolution of Azerbaijani Parliament (Majlis)
1660:
in
February 1919, and this allowed the UNR to release troops to face the Whites, Reds and Poles. Fighting broke out in January 1919 and the Reds pushed the Ukrainian forces back. Kyiv fell to the Reds in February 1919 and had pushed the UNR's forces against Polish ones moving into Volhynia. This cut
1514:
During the summer and fall of 1918, the Don
Cossacks under Krasnov continued to the campaign to liberate their homeland from the Red Army while Denikin's Volunteer Army cleared the Kuban Cossack Host and other areas of the North Caucasus of Red forces. In the winter of 1918 – 19, after the Volunteer
1728:
Since 1918, the
Armenian Republic had been at odds with almost all of her neighbors, several wars were fought with her fellow newly formed Caucasian nations, as well as a hard-fought war with the Turks in 1920. With enemies all around, the Armenians were weak and unable to defend themselves against
1647:
was overthrown and the relative safety
Ukraine had under German occupation and protection was gone. The Reds set up their own Bolshevik Ukrainian government. The Ukrainian National Republic (UNR) faced many enemies from late 1918 onward. It faced the Reds to the north-east, Whites (who were against
1550:
In the spring of 1919, anticommunist revolts again erupted among Don Cossacks behind the Red Army front in the upper Don region. Despite considerable Soviet efforts to crush the rebellion, the Don Cossack insurgents managed to hold out until the Don Cossack Army was able to go over to the offensive
1749:
By March 1920, it was obvious that Soviet Russia would attack the much-needed Baku. Vladimir Lenin said that the invasion was justified by the fact that Soviet Russia couldn't survive without Baku oil. According to prevailing opinion in Moscow, Russian Bolsheviks were to assist Baku proletariat in
1761:
In May 1920, there was a major uprising against the occupying Russian XI Army in Ganja, intent on restoring Musavatists in power. The uprising was crushed by the Bolsheviks by May 31. Leaders of the ADR either fled to Menshevik Georgia, Turkey and Iran, or were captured by Bolsheviks, like Mammed
1479:
formed by Alekseyev and Kornilov never exceeded over 4,000 combatants during its first months. On paper, Kaledin held nominal command over tens of thousands of Don Cossacks but most of these were either unwilling to fight or were outright opposed to his rule. Without substantial help from the Don
1709:
who fell in battles against the Red Army. Guerrilla resistance to the Soviet troops continued, but was finally crushed in 1924. This was followed by harsh repressions and the reign of terror in which thousands of Georgian nobles, intellectuals and common citizens were purged. The country was
1686:
of neutrality; they also hoped they could negotiate their official independence with the Bolsheviks. Several attempts by Russians and Soviets to take over Georgia failed. In April 1920, the Soviets managed to place a Bolshevik regime in Azerbaijan, mainly due to the help of the
1551:
and relieve them in early June. Meanwhile, the Volunteer Army in the Donbas region was also able to go over the offensive, managing to take Kharkiv on 25 June, Kursk on 20 September and Oryol on 13 October. On the eastern end of the AFSR's front, the Caucasian Army under Baron
1506:
The anticommunist insurrection in the Don began in early April 1918 amid Cossack and peasant furor against Bolshevik food-requisitioning detachments. As ordinary Don Cossacks eagerly took up arms that spring, a Don Cossack Army was formed and a new elected ataman, General
1665:, and ended up with gains for Poland after the treaty of Riga in 1921, but with nothing for the Ukrainians who were fully defeated. The Ukrainians based in Poland tried to launch offensives and raids into Soviet Ukraine, but these failed considerably.
1614:
proved successful in defeating the last great White threat to the Reds. Entente vessels evacuated the last survivors of the White armies to Istanbul (16 November 1920). In 1921 they transferred to Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, where they finally disbanded.
1758:. The deputies obliged to do so to avoid bloodshed, and on April 28, 1920, the ADR officially ceased to exist. The Red Army met very little resistance from Azerbaijani forces in Baku, which were tied up on Karabakh front.
1698:
with Turkey (October 13, 1921), Georgia had to abandon its claims on Artvin and Ardahan provinces in return for Batumi granted autonomous status within Soviet Georgia. Abkhazia and South Ossetia also gained autonomy.
1511:, took office. Krasnov established cordial relations with the German army of occupation in neighboring Ukraine, and through them he received arms and munitions, some of which he forwarded to the Volunteer Army.
1028:
1558:
Despite the AFSR’s successes in the summer and autumn of 1919, its rear was beset by rampant corruption among administrators, anti-White revolts among various ethnic groups, anarchist uprisings,
1562:
and political infighting between the White generals and Cossack leaders. In October, Red Army counterattacks managed to recapture Oryol from the Volunteer Army while the Red Cavalry Corps under
1531:
was collapsing due to plummeting morale among its troops, Krasnov subordinated his forces to Denikin thereby creating the Armed Forces of South Russia (AFSR). The Volunteer Army was renamed the
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781:
657:
684:
Ukrainian People's Army 100,000 (at its peak in 1918) Georgian People's Guard 27,000 (active) 87.000 (potential conscripts) Armenian National Corps 40,000 (1920) National Army of the ADR
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1491:
During the months of March and April 1918, the Volunteer Army incorporated anticommunist Kuban Cossacks into its ranks and made an abortive attempt to capture the Kuban capital of
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1639:
At the Same time, the Reds were also fighting against the Ukrainians, as well as the Poles. With the defeat of Germany in the First World War, the pro-German Government, The
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635:
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After reaching the Crimea in early April 1920 Denikin, the Commander-in-chief of the AFSR, passed all his powers to General Wrangel, who re-formed these units into his
1570:
and behind the Don River. In late February 1920, the Red Army renewed its attacks and succeeded in forcing the Whites to abandon the North Caucasus. Amid a disastrous
646:
1456:, publicly offered sanctuary to opponents of the Soviet regime. Among those seeking refuge in the Don was the former chief of staff of the tsarist army, General
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drove a wedge between the Volunteer Army and Don Cossack Army. With no stable rear to fall back on, the remnants of the AFSR eventually retreated south to the
754:
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from overrunning the Don region in late February 1918. To escape the Red onslaught, the Volunteer Army was forced to flee south into the lands of the
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1246:
1503:" ended when the Volunteer Army returned to the Don Cossack Host, which by then was experiencing widespread revolts against Soviet occupation.
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1535:. However, it reverted to its original name in May 1919. Besides the Volunteer and Don armies, the AFSR eventually included the
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Army had shattered the main Red forces in the North Caucasus, it redirected its efforts to the north in the
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130:
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2006:
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1400:
1306:
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42:
1607:
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1323:
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Ukrainian separation) to the south-east marching northwards against Moscow and the Anarchist
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1519:
region as the Don Cossacks again lost heart and began to give ground to their Red opponents.
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1221:
1084:
907:
815:
586:
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springing up all over Ukraine. The UNR came to terms with the Rumanians and the Entente who
1495:
from Red forces. Among the casualties in the latter operation was Kornilov, leaving General
1099:
1687:
1634:
1464:. Alekseyev was soon joined by other prominent tsarist generals, including the charismatic
1355:
1079:
834:
525:
457:
388:
8:
1711:
1579:
1460:, who immediately began organizing a military unit to oppose both the Bolsheviks and the
1370:
1134:
1006:
966:
952:
810:
612:
503:
364:
1485:
1445:
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1211:
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1154:
1139:
739:
492:
421:
65:
1974:
1960:
1915:
1755:
1644:
1536:
1475:
Militarily, the White forces remained weak into the spring of 1918. The ranks of the
1457:
1390:
1206:
1124:
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1001:
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971:
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725:
514:
375:
46:
28:
1706:
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1395:
1360:
1348:
1343:
1216:
942:
888:
691:
310:
1909:
1640:
1563:
1453:
1231:
1196:
1119:
917:
399:
370:
141:
136:
1695:
1611:
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669:
552:
470:
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201:
196:
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1508:
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Cossacks, the tiny Volunteer Army was unable to prevent the Red Guards under
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277:
1448:, politicians and army officers hostile to the Bolsheviks gravitated to the
1094:
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114:
1468:. The two men, along with Kaledin, assumed top roles in the anticommunist
1945:
1935:
1104:
776:
1499:
to assume command of the Volunteer Army. In early May this so-called "
1940:
Civil War in South Russia, 1918: The First Year of the Volunteer Army
1812:
Civil War in South Russia, 1918: The First Year of the Volunteer Army
1710:
eventually incorporated into the Soviet Union — first as a part of a
1500:
1089:
1986:
The Russian Civil War (1), (2), Mikhail Khvostov, Opsrey Publishing
1528:
580:
557:
73:
1439:
61:
1995:
1983:
Ukrainian Armies 1914-55. P.Abbot and E.Pinak, Osprey Publishing
1606:
The final assault on the Crimea by the Bolshevik re-constituted
1567:
1516:
1472:
taking shape in the Don region during the winter of 1917 – 18.
57:
1950:
Civil War in South Russia, 1919-1920: The Defeat of the Whites
1794:
1792:
1596:
69:
1789:
992:
The ethnic-Romanian Revolutionary Battalion in Odessa, 1918
1714:(1922), then as its own Soviet Socialist Republic (1936).
1036:
1750:
overthrowing the "counter-revolutionary nationalists."
2020:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
1488:
while Kaledin remained behind and committed suicide.
1814:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971) 59.
1754:
and set up their own Bolshevik government headed by
721:
1957:
The Cossack Struggle Against Communism, 1917 - 1945
1834:
The Cossack Struggle Against Communism, 1917 – 1945
1522:
1952:, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1977.
1942:, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1971.
1599:area in August 1920 under the command of General
2038:
1618:
1907:
1798:
1440:Don revolts and formation of the Volunteer Army
1911:Armies of the Baltic Independence Wars 1918–20
98:
1022:
707:
1610:(early November, 1920) under the command of
933:Spring 1919 counteroffensive of the Red Army
1668:
1029:
1015:
714:
700:
1908:Thomas, Nigel; Boltowsky, Toomas (2019).
1586:
16:Military theater of the Russian Civil War
987:
1650:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1603:failed to expand White-held territory.
928:Spring 1919 offensive of the White Army
601:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
2039:
1705:, near Tbilisi, has a monument to the
1010:
695:
1989:
1836:(Jefferson: McFarland, 2019) 51 - 55
1777:Ukraine after the Russian Revolution
658:National Army of the Azerbaijani DR
13:
2005:needs additional or more specific
1929:
14:
2068:
1849:(New York: Pegasus, 2007) 21 - 22
2057:Ukraine in the Russian Civil War
1994:
1523:The Armed Forces of South Russia
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1745:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
1729:an invasion by the Bolsheviks.
1555:captured Tsaritsyn on 30 June.
1252:Southern Front counteroffensive
1959:, Jefferson: McFarland, 2019,
1901:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1817:
1804:
1739:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1724:Democratic Republic of Armenia
1675:Democratic Republic of Georgia
1000:was a military theater of the
1:
1914:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1858:Mueggenberg, 59 – 62, 66 – 71
1799:Thomas & Boltowsky (2019)
1782:
1732:
1631:Ukrainian War of Independence
1619:Ukraine in the Southern Front
1411:Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict
903:Czechoslovak Legionary Revolt
1681:Red Army invasion of Georgia
675:Armed Forces of South Russia
7:
1973:, New York: Pegasus, 2005,
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1625:Ukrainian People's Republic
755:Central Powers intervention
10:
2073:
1742:
1736:
1721:
1717:
1678:
1672:
1628:
1622:
1572:evacuation at Novorossiysk
1527:On 8 January 1919, as the
1482:Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko
1452:after its ataman, General
1601:Sergei Georgievich Ulagay
1048:
735:
663:
544:
264:
92:
34:
26:
21:
1669:Georgia in the Civil War
1533:Caucasian Volunteer Army
1444:In the aftermath of the
1041:of the Russian Civil War
938:Great Siberian Ice March
1772:Kuban People's Republic
647:Armenian National Corps
636:Georgian People's Guard
625:Ukrainian People's Army
1885:Mueggenberg, 161 - 177
1587:Wrangel's Russian Army
1292:Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav
993:
872:Armenia and Azerbaijan
265:Commanders and leaders
1971:The Russian Civil War
1847:The Russian Civil War
1222:Vyoshenskaya Uprising
991:
537:Samad bey Mehmandarov
1832:Mueggenberg, Brent,
1688:11th Soviet Red Army
1635:Ukrainian-Soviet War
1560:pogroms against Jews
1541:Army of the Caucasus
1319:Rostov–Novocherkassk
835:Ukrainian-Soviet War
526:Nasib bey Yusifbeyli
389:Mikhail Tukhachevsky
1955:Brent Mueggenberg.
1894:Mawdsley, 224 - 225
1876:Mawdsley, 161 - 177
1712:Transcaucasian SFSR
1282:Voronezh–Kastornoye
1160:Allied intervention
750:Allied intervention
745:Left-wing uprisings
613:Turkish Land Forces
504:Alexander Khatisian
365:Konstantin Mamontov
1486:Kuban Cossack Host
1446:October Revolution
1227:Alexandrovsky Fort
1177:Katerynoslav March
994:
740:October Revolution
493:Parmen Chichinadze
422:Kliment Voroshilov
2047:Russian Civil War
2035:
2034:
2018:adding categories
1979:978-1-933648-15-6
1965:978-1-4766-7948-8
1867:Mawdsley, 85 - 98
1756:Nariman Narimanov
1663:Polish–Soviet War
1645:Pavlo Skoropadsky
1591:The formation of
1545:Army of Turkestan
1537:Crimean-Azov Army
1458:Mikhail Alekseyev
1436:
1435:
1391:Dagestan uprising
1267:Advance on Moscow
1207:Hryhoriv Uprising
1182:Northern Caucasus
1172:Voronezh–Povorino
1002:Russian Civil War
985:
984:
727:Russian Civil War
690:
689:
587:Estonian Red Army
515:Drastamat Kanayan
376:Pavlo Skoropadsky
214:Ankara Government
88:
87:
84:Bolshevik victory
29:Russian Civil War
2064:
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1990:
1925:
1895:
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1856:
1850:
1845:Mawdsley, Evan,
1843:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1707:Georgian Junkers
1529:Don Cossack Army
1509:Pyotr N. Krasnov
1450:Don Cossack Host
1396:Tambov Rebellion
1386:Northern Taurida
1371:Ulagay's Landing
1217:Chapan rebellion
1043:
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2011:
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1969:Evan Mawdsley.
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1930:Further reading
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1904:
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1658:occupied Odessa
1637:
1627:
1621:
1589:
1564:Semyon Budyonny
1525:
1454:Aleksey Kaledin
1442:
1437:
1432:
1401:Perekop–Chonhar
1376:Obytichnyi Spit
1232:Bender Uprising
1197:Khotyn Uprising
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
986:
981:
840:Western Ukraine
782:Eastern Karelia
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724:
723:Theaters of the
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680:100,000-260,000
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458:Kâzım Karabekir
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350:
349:
341:
339:
334:
332:
331:
321:
314:
313:
303:
302:
294:
292:
291:
281:
280:
270:
251:
250:
240:
239:
229:
228:
218:
208:
206:
205:
194:
192:
183:
181:
180:
170:
169:
160:
158:
147:
145:
144:
142:Ukrainian State
134:
133:
125:
123:
122:
112:
111:
101:
99:
76:
43:7 November 1917
17:
12:
11:
5:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2052:White movement
2049:
2033:
2032:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1967:
1953:
1943:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1838:
1825:
1816:
1810:Kenez, Peter,
1803:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1737:Main article:
1734:
1731:
1722:Main article:
1719:
1716:
1696:Treaty of Kars
1673:Main article:
1670:
1667:
1623:Main article:
1620:
1617:
1612:Mikhail Frunze
1608:Southern Front
1588:
1585:
1524:
1521:
1477:Volunteer Army
1470:White movement
1462:Central Powers
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1329:North Caucasus
1326:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:Nizhyn–Poltava
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1039:Southern Front
1034:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
998:Southern Front
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
969:
963:
962:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
898:
892:
891:
886:
885:
884:
879:
869:
864:
859:
857:South Caucasus
854:
849:
844:
843:
842:
837:
826:
825:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
792:
791:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
763:
762:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
736:
733:
732:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
688:
687:
681:
678:
670:Volunteer Army
666:
665:
661:
660:
615:
590:
589:
570:
569:
568:
565:
560:
555:
553:Volunteer Army
547:
546:
545:Units involved
542:
541:
471:Symon Petliura
460:
411:Mikhail Frunze
378:
267:
266:
262:
261:
216:
202:Makhnovshchina
155:
131:Kuban Republic
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
56:
54:
50:
49:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
22:Southern Front
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2069:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2029:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2003:This article
2001:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1921:9781472830777
1917:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1654:Nestor Makhno
1651:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1553:Pyotr Wrangel
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:Anton Denikin
1494:
1493:Yekaterinodar
1489:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:Lavr Kornilov
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:Mamontov Raid
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Transcaucasia
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1003:
999:
990:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
961:
960:Central Asian
958:
957:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
897:
894:
893:
890:
887:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
821:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
787:
786:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
760:
759:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
729:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
694:
686:40,000 (1920)
685:
682:
679:
676:
671:
668:
667:
662:
659:
654:
648:
643:
637:
632:
626:
621:
616:
614:
603:
602:
588:
585:
584:
583:
582:
577:
571:
566:
564:
563:Caucasus Army
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
548:
543:
539:
538:
533:
527:
522:
516:
511:
505:
500:
494:
489:
483:
482:Noe Zhordania
478:
472:
467:
461:
459:
448:
447:
446:Nestor Makhno
435:
434:
433:Joseph Stalin
429:
423:
418:
412:
407:
401:
396:
390:
385:
379:
377:
372:
366:
361:
348:
347:Andrei Shkuro
330:
329:Peter Krasnov
325:
318:
312:
307:
301:
300:Pyotr Wrangel
290:
289:Anton Denikin
285:
279:
278:Lavr Kornilov
274:
269:
268:
263:
260:
255:
249:
244:
238:
233:
227:
222:
217:
215:
204:
203:
198:
191:
190:
179:
178:Ukrainian SSR
174:
168:
156:
154:
143:
138:
132:
121:
116:
109:
97:
96:
91:
83:
80:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
51:
48:
44:
41:
38:
37:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2023:
2004:
1970:
1956:
1949:
1939:
1910:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1801:, p. 8.
1760:
1752:
1748:
1727:
1701:
1692:
1684:
1638:
1605:
1590:
1580:Russian Army
1578:
1576:
1557:
1549:
1526:
1513:
1505:
1490:
1474:
1443:
1334:Novorossiysk
1095:Steppe March
1038:
997:
995:
953:Yakut revolt
847:South Russia
822:
772:North Russia
683:
672:8,000-40,000
592:
572:
462:
437:
380:
193:
167:Russian SFSR
157:
120:Don Republic
108:South Russia
93:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1946:Peter Kenez
1936:Peter Kenez
1902:Works cited
1297:3rd Kharkiv
1287:Khopyor–Don
1262:Perehonivka
1242:2nd Kharkiv
1058:1st Kharkiv
189:Red Estonia
2041:Categories
2007:categories
1783:References
1743:See also:
1733:Azerbaijan
1679:See also:
1629:See also:
1406:2nd Crimea
1339:Azerbaijan
1307:2nd Donbas
1277:Orel–Kursk
1202:1st Donbas
1110:1st Crimea
1105:March Days
1080:Donbas-Don
877:Azerbaijan
852:Bessarabia
777:Heimosodat
259:Azerbaijan
47:April 1921
2026:July 2021
1823:Kenez, 68
1641:Hetmanate
1501:Icy March
1135:Tsaritsyn
1090:Ice March
918:2nd Kazan
913:1st Kazan
811:Petrograd
806:Lithuania
2014:help out
1766:See also
1703:Qoroghli
1643:, under
1543:and the
1366:Lankaran
1302:4th Kiev
1257:3rd Kiev
1212:Binagadi
1192:2nd Kiev
1155:Dibrivka
1140:Kurdamir
1100:Iași–Don
1085:1st Kiev
1075:Shamkhor
977:Basmachi
948:Mongolia
923:1st Perm
823:Southern
761:Northern
664:Strength
581:Red Army
558:Don Army
74:Caucasus
53:Location
2012:Please
1718:Armenia
1593:Wrangel
1428:Georgia
1381:Armenia
1356:Ochakov
1187:Ukraine
1125:Goychay
967:Bukhara
908:Siberia
896:Eastern
882:Armenia
867:Georgia
862:Ossetia
830:Ukraine
796:Estonia
789:Western
767:Finland
677:150,000
248:Armenia
237:Georgia
226:Ukraine
62:Ukraine
1977:
1963:
1918:
1568:Crimea
1539:, the
1517:Donbas
1361:Anzali
1349:Sarvan
1344:Yalama
1070:Mughan
889:Tambov
816:Poland
801:Latvia
164:
153:Crimea
105:
81:Result
58:Crimea
1597:Kuban
1423:Anapa
1324:Odesa
1237:Odesa
1145:Livny
1130:Sochi
1120:Kuban
972:Khiva
943:Chita
70:Kuban
1975:ISBN
1961:ISBN
1916:ISBN
1633:and
1417:1921
1313:1920
1166:1919
1150:Baku
1064:1918
1052:1917
996:The
39:Date
2016:by
1652:of
66:Don
2043::
1948:.
1938:.
1791:^
1583:.
1547:.
72:,
68:,
64:,
60:,
45:-
2028:)
2024:(
2010:.
1924:.
1030:e
1023:t
1016:v
1004:.
715:e
708:t
701:v
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