891:
737:
31:
97:
448:
500:
605:
After more than five years of construction and a cost of $ 1.4 billion, SNS was completed in April 2006. The first three instruments began commissioning and were available to the scientific community in August 2007. As of 2017, 20 instruments have been completed, and SNS is hosting about 1,400
574:
were built decades ago, and although the uses and demand for neutrons have increased throughout the years, few new sources have been built. To fill that need for a new, improved neutron source, the DOE Office of Basic Energy
Sciences funded the construction of SNS, which would provide the most
431:
beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development. Each year, the facility hosts hundreds of researchers from universities, national laboratories, and industry, who conduct basic and applied research and technology development using neutrons. SNS is part of
503:
Three-dimensional rendering of the
Spallation Neutron Source facility layout indicating the national laboratory responsible for each primary part of the facility. The areas in red are constructed underground.
463:
allows scientists to count scattered neutrons, measure their energies and the angles at which they scatter, and map their final positions. This information can reveal the molecular and
602:. This collaboration was one of the largest of its kind in U.S. scientific history and was used to bring together the best minds and experience from many different fields.
1477:
811:
546:, where they spin around at very high speeds and accumulate in "bunches." Each bunch of protons is released from the ring as a pulse, at a rate of 60 times per second (60
1021:
1086:
929:
542:
The ions pass through a foil which strips off each ion's two electrons, converting it to a proton. The protons pass into a ring-shaped structure, a proton
1152:
1186:
760:
974:
954:
804:
165:
959:
402:
1159:
942:
911:
870:
334:
60:
Provide unique information about the structure and properties of materials across the spectrum of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering.
1169:
899:
1452:
1380:
1242:
797:
475:, metals, and biological samples. In addition to studies focused on fundamental physics, neutron scattering research has applications in
1288:
1230:
68:
SNS is part of the ORNL Neutron
Sciences Directorate, which also includes the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a steady-state neutron source.
360:
1437:
1306:
1054:
919:
862:
852:
661:
224:
1395:
1220:
1081:
324:
1457:
1164:
1237:
1193:
1066:
562:
and guided through beam lines to areas containing special instruments where they are used in a wide variety of experiments.
1447:
1411:
1363:
1283:
1205:
1123:
748:
444:(DOE). SNS is a DOE Office of Science user facility, and it is open to scientists and researchers from all over the world.
356:
1254:
1249:
1113:
395:
1343:
1266:
820:
441:
1487:
1118:
1011:
1006:
1001:
875:
843:
310:
244:
187:
1108:
1128:
996:
1390:
1181:
1103:
1044:
988:
626:
583:
388:
182:
160:
19:
This article is about the ORNL Spallation
Neutron Source, in the US. For other spallation neutron sources, see
1358:
1210:
595:
433:
366:
1271:
352:
177:
1472:
1385:
1259:
1034:
832:
579:
528:
220:
1467:
1174:
1059:
376:
348:
1432:
1368:
1225:
1147:
306:
1482:
1442:
1039:
980:
964:
340:
1276:
1091:
1198:
1096:
1049:
234:
192:
575:
intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development.
1071:
949:
742:
T. E. Mason et al., "The
Spallation Neutron Source: A Powerful Tool for Materials Research,"
170:
129:
20:
543:
239:
49:
555:
8:
1462:
1375:
641:
155:
111:
736:
636:
631:
476:
464:
460:
296:
230:
215:
146:
137:
133:
1353:
1321:
1076:
937:
839:
789:
621:
616:
559:
551:
468:
287:
278:
272:
197:
124:
120:
1326:
264:
370:
1336:
1331:
1029:
688:
30:
571:
536:
488:
484:
424:
260:
1426:
775:
762:
673:
599:
480:
578:
The construction of SNS was a partnership of six DOE national laboratories:
1348:
1311:
532:
116:
96:
437:
282:
743:
848:
516:
508:
483:, magnetism and superconductivity, chemical and engineering materials,
268:
499:
524:
1140:
1135:
512:
472:
447:
428:
88:
712:
905:
880:
520:
344:
330:
547:
16:
Accelerator-based neutron source in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
314:
76:
1316:
730:
591:
587:
550:). The high-energy proton pulses strike a target of liquid
427:
facility in the U.S. that provides the most intense pulsed
713:"Spallation Neutron Source | Neutron Science at ORNL"
819:
451:
Aerial view of the
Spallation Neutron Source building
930:
Under
Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
467:
and behavior of materials, such as high-temperature
1478:
Buildings and structures in Roane County, Tennessee
558:occurs. The spalled neutrons are then slowed in a
674:User Facilities | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
531:which accelerates them to an energy of about one
1424:
975:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
955:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
912:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
871:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
664:as the most powerful pulsed spallation source.
511:process at SNS begins with negatively charged
455:
1300:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
960:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
805:
396:
900:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
812:
798:
735:
403:
389:
689:"How SNS Works | Neutron Science at ORNL"
920:National Nuclear Security Administration
881:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
749:"SNS: Neutrons for 'molecular movies,'"
498:
446:
21:Spallation § Spallation facilities
1425:
793:
494:
39:A DOE Office of Science User Facility
1412:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
683:
681:
229:Fundamental research with neutrons:
13:
1453:United States Department of Energy
821:United States Department of Energy
660:In 2007, SNS was entered into the
654:
442:United States Department of Energy
14:
1499:
1012:Western Area Power Administration
1007:Southwestern Power Administration
1002:Southeastern Power Administration
876:Energy Information Administration
722:
678:
889:
225:Prompt gamma activation analysis
95:
29:
1438:Materials science organizations
997:Bonneville Power Administration
527:. The ions are injected into a
48:Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
989:Power Marketing Administration
705:
667:
662:Guinness Book of World Records
627:Neutron electric dipole moment
161:Small-angle neutron scattering
1:
1458:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
648:
515:ions that are produced by an
434:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
353:ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
178:Inelastic neutron scattering
7:
1448:Particle physics facilities
833:James V. Forrestal Building
753:vol. 03(05), Jun/Jul, 2006.
609:
529:linear particle accelerator
456:Neutron scattering research
193:Backscattering spectrometer
188:Time-of-flight spectrometer
10:
1504:
1405:Related Independent Agency
1022:National Laboratory System
863:Deputy Secretary of Energy
853:Deputy Secretary of Energy
565:
423:) is an accelerator-based
18:
1404:
1299:
1020:
987:
973:
928:
910:
898:
887:
861:
827:
519:. Each ion consists of a
417:Spallation Neutron Source
72:
64:
56:
44:
37:
28:
1488:Fixed-target experiments
981:Office of Nuclear Energy
965:Office of Nuclear Energy
744:arXiv:physics/0007068v1.
183:Triple-axis spectrometer
245:Neutron capture therapy
606:researchers per year.
504:
452:
436:, which is managed by
198:Spin-echo spectrometer
950:Office of Electricity
535:(or to about 90% the
502:
450:
570:Most of the world's
375:Under construction:
240:Fast neutron therapy
50:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
844:Secretary of Energy
772: /
642:NPDGamma experiment
221:Activation analysis
156:Neutron diffraction
112:Neutron temperature
57:Scientific Purpose:
1473:Neutron facilities
637:Neutron scattering
632:Neutron facilities
505:
495:Spallation process
477:structural biology
465:magnetic structure
461:Neutron scattering
453:
297:Neutron facilities
231:Ultracold neutrons
216:Neutron tomography
208:Other applications
147:Neutron scattering
1468:Superconductivity
1420:
1419:
1322:Kansas City Plant
1238:Pacific Northwest
938:Office of Science
840:Jennifer Granholm
776:35.951°N 84.302°W
693:neutrons.ornl.gov
622:Neutron detection
617:Materials science
588:Lawrence Berkeley
413:
412:
273:Neutron moderator
82:
81:
77:neutrons.ornl.gov
1495:
1433:Types of magnets
1327:Nevada Test Site
893:
892:
814:
807:
800:
791:
790:
787:
786:
784:
783:
782:
777:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
739:
734:
733:
731:Official website
717:
716:
709:
703:
702:
700:
699:
685:
676:
671:
665:
658:
544:accumulator ring
405:
398:
391:
277:Neutron optics:
265:Research reactor
99:
84:
83:
33:
26:
25:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1483:Neutron sources
1443:Nuclear physics
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1400:
1295:
1016:
983:
969:
924:
906:
894:
890:
885:
857:
823:
818:
781:35.951; -84.302
780:
778:
774:
771:
766:
763:
761:
759:
758:
729:
728:
725:
720:
711:
710:
706:
697:
695:
687:
686:
679:
672:
668:
659:
655:
651:
646:
612:
572:neutron sources
568:
523:orbited by two
497:
469:superconductors
458:
409:
261:Neutron sources
52:, United States
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1396:Yucca Mountain
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
985:
984:
979:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
946:
945:
934:
932:
926:
925:
923:
922:
916:
914:
908:
907:
904:
902:
896:
895:
888:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
867:
865:
859:
858:
856:
855:
846:
836:
835:
831:Headquarters:
828:
825:
824:
817:
816:
809:
802:
794:
756:
755:
746:
740:
724:
723:External links
721:
719:
718:
704:
677:
666:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
611:
608:
567:
564:
537:speed of light
496:
493:
491:, and others.
489:complex fluids
485:nanotechnology
457:
454:
425:neutron source
411:
410:
408:
407:
400:
393:
385:
382:
381:
380:
379:
373:
363:
337:
327:
321:
300:
299:
293:
292:
291:
290:
285:
275:
255:
254:
253:Infrastructure
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
237:
235:Interferometry
227:
218:
210:
209:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
175:
174:
173:
168:
163:
150:
149:
143:
142:
141:
140:
127:
114:
106:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1500:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
935:
933:
931:
927:
921:
918:
917:
915:
913:
909:
903:
901:
897:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
864:
860:
854:
850:
847:
845:
841:
838:
837:
834:
830:
829:
826:
822:
815:
810:
808:
803:
801:
796:
795:
792:
788:
785:
754:
752:
747:
745:
741:
738:
732:
727:
726:
714:
708:
694:
690:
684:
682:
675:
670:
663:
657:
653:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
607:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
573:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
501:
492:
490:
486:
482:
481:biotechnology
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
406:
401:
399:
394:
392:
387:
386:
384:
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:
302:
301:
298:
295:
294:
289:
286:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
252:
251:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
232:
228:
226:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
207:
206:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:Reflectometry
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
151:
148:
145:
144:
139:
135:
131:
130:Cross section
128:
126:
122:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
103:
102:
98:
94:
93:
90:
87:Science with
86:
85:
78:
75:
71:
67:
65:Organization:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
1215:
757:
750:
707:
696:. Retrieved
692:
669:
656:
604:
577:
569:
541:
506:
459:
420:
416:
414:
318:
38:
1354:Rocky Flats
1307:Fernald NLO
779: /
438:UT-Battelle
323:Australia:
283:Supermirror
104:Foundations
1463:Scattering
1427:Categories
1182:Los Alamos
1104:Brookhaven
849:David Turk
767:84°18′07″W
764:35°57′04″N
698:2018-06-15
649:References
592:Los Alamos
584:Brookhaven
556:spallation
517:ion source
509:spallation
365:Historic:
305:America:
269:Spallation
138:Activation
134:Absorption
1211:Oak Ridge
1165:Livermore
751:Symmetry,
600:Jefferson
596:Oak Ridge
560:moderator
525:electrons
288:Detection
279:Reflector
125:Transport
121:Radiation
73:Web site:
45:Location:
1136:Fermilab
1067:Berkeley
610:See also
554:, where
513:hydrogen
473:polymers
440:for the
339:Europe:
315:NIST CNR
89:neutrons
1337:Area 20
1332:Area 19
1312:Hanford
1124:NSLS II
1035:Argonne
580:Argonne
566:History
552:mercury
429:neutron
1349:Pantex
1272:Sandia
1199:Albany
1187:DARHTF
1087:NERSCC
598:, and
521:proton
345:FRM II
341:BER II
335:HANARO
331:J-PARC
329:Asia:
311:LANSCE
166:GISANS
1344:NHHOR
1170:NARAC
1148:Idaho
1055:ATLAS
548:hertz
1391:Y-12
1386:WIPP
1364:ETEC
1359:SSFL
1317:K-25
1289:SSRL
1284:SLAC
1267:SRNL
1260:TFTR
1255:NSTX
1250:PPPL
1243:EMSL
1231:NCCS
1226:HFIR
1221:CNMS
1206:NREL
1194:NETL
1160:JLab
1153:RESL
1129:RHIC
1119:NSLS
1082:NCEM
1030:Ames
943:OSTI
539:).
507:The
479:and
415:The
371:HFBR
367:IPNS
361:SINQ
357:JINR
325:OPAL
307:HFIR
117:Flux
1381:SPR
1376:SRS
1369:SRE
1216:SNS
1175:NIF
1141:TeV
1114:CFN
1109:AGS
1097:JGI
1092:ESN
1072:ALS
1060:EMC
1050:APS
1045:CNM
1040:NBL
533:GeV
421:SNS
377:ESS
349:ILL
319:SNS
1429::
1077:MF
851:,
842:,
691:.
680:^
594:,
590:,
586:,
582:,
487:,
471:,
369:,
359:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
333:,
313:,
309:,
281:,
271:,
267:,
263::
233:,
223:,
136:,
132:,
123:,
119:,
1277:Z
813:e
806:t
799:v
715:.
701:.
419:(
404:e
397:t
390:v
317:-
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
