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Special Operations Unit (Serbia)

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398:. Several days earlier, on March 16, Milošević promised "preparations of appropriate units capable of defending interests of Serbia and Serb people outside Serbia" in a closed session with Serbian municipal presidents. The order of creating such a unit was given to Jovica Stanišić, Milošević's strongman and head of RDB, which committed the task to Stanišić. The unit had not had any formal connections with Belgrade, so the operation was taken solely within RDB, without the involvement of 683:, widely considered to be the most powerful business people in Serbia at the time. In both cases, Ulemek offered his help to the police, in his official capacity. He abused that position and provided insider information to the clan: for example, when he found out that Babović's family quickly and easily collected the ransom money, he advised the clan members to demand more. Eventually, all the hostages were released, however, some were severely beaten and tortured in the process. 38: 605:. A tipper truck rammed into the moving vehicles. SPO officials Veselin Bošković, Zvonko Osmajlić, Vučko Rakočević, and Dragan Vušurović were killed in the staged accident and SPO president Drašković was injured. In a ruling by the Belgrade District Court on February 16, 2007, former State Security officer and unit's commander 500:
These two paramilitary units were allegedly the core of future JSO. The joint unit was officially formed in 1994, under the name of Unit for anti-terrorist action ("Jedinica za antiteroristička dejstva", JATD), one year before the wars in Bosnia and Croatia came to an end. The JATD first consisted of
437:"Badža", an official of the Serbian ministry of interior, was in charge of operations in Eastern Slavonia. Upon the arrival in the Eastern Slavonia theater, Željko Ražnatović "Arkan" took over the paramilitary unit under the name of " 644:
on 5 October. But soon after the unit's characteristic armored Hummers appeared in front of the protesters, the vehicles simply returned to base. Later, in his book titled "Peti oktobar" ("October 5"), former State Security chief
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met with Milorad Ulemek. Ulemek struck a bargain with Đinđić that he and his unit would stand down as long as the police were not attacked. The unit was most likely given the order to storm the protesters, who rallied in downtown
679:, by providing both intelligence information and muscle for them. During 2001, the clan kidnapped several influential businessmen and demanded millions as ransom money. Among those men were Milija Babović and 1570: 321:, head of the State Security Directorate. From 1996 to November 2001, it was formally under the competence of the RDB. The unit was finally disbanded in March 2003, after the Prime Minister of 672:
highway. The official reason for the mutiny, was an order given to the unit to arrest the Banović brothers, wanted by the ICTY. After several days of negotiations, the JSO's mutiny ended.
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moved to Australia and changed his name, but was arrested on an Interpol warrant and extradited to Croatia. On 26 December 2017 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison for war crimes.
410:, who subordinated a group of fighters under Vasiljković's command, who gave them thorough training and imposed the discipline; the unit would later become known under the name 613:
received eight years. Members of the Special Operations Unit, JSO, Duško Maričić, Branko Berček, Nenad Bujošević, and Leonid Milivojević were sentenced to 14 years in prison.
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was assassinated on 15 January 2000 in Belgrade. His assassins, from Serbian criminal circles, were arrested and tried but the speculations on political background remained.
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on 1–2 May, when 12 Croatian policemen were killed and several tens wounded. May 4 will later be taken as the unit's anniversary. According to several witness accounts,
1565: 733: 657: 351: 947: 477:, a Serb-allied Muslim entity fighting against the central Bosnian government. During "Operation Spider", members of the Serbian Volunteer Guard fought under the 1198: 881: 736:. They were cleared of all charges on 30 May 2013. However, on 30 June 2021 they were convicted on appeal and jailed for 12 years, later increased to 15 years. 1445: 620:
was detained by the police. Soon after, he was gone missing during his every-day jogging routine. His remains were uncovered on 28 March 2003, in
1219: 441:", later known as "Arkan's Tigers". On 23 November 1991, after taking control over Laslovo from Croatian forces, the Guard captured two Croatian 1276: 706:
was sentenced to 40 years in prison for assassinations of Ivan Stambolić and Zoran Đinđić each, and 15 years for Ibar Highway assassination.
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The members of the unit first came into the public spotlight during a 1995 hostage crisis when UN personnel were being held captive by the
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and the end of conflicts in Croatia and Bosnia, JATD was re-structured and renamed to Jedinica za specijalne operacije, or JSO. A former
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road. The Serbian interior ministry took control over Kijevo on 4 July. Later in 1999, JSO engaged in fierce battles in and around
1127: 1438: 582:, the unit's Mi-24 helicopters had to be grounded. The unit operated a wide variety of armored vehicles, including American-made 628:, a judge found Radomir Marković and Milorad Ulemek, guilty of planning and carrying out the assassination of Ivan Stambolić. 1156: 919: 474: 1515: 797: 632: 559: 1185: 856: 792: 299: 210: 1074: 1431: 602: 355: 885: 1560: 516:, head of the Serbian State Security (RDB) who, acting as a mediator, arranged for the safe release of the hostages. 1245: 1172: 399: 1061: 1520: 762: 1575: 1033: 915: 656:
The policy of the new government, especially regarding the indictment of the former Serbian war leaders by the
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Patrons and numerous members of the unit and its predecessors have been implicated and some sentenced, for
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helicopters of the JSO took part in a joint effort to push KLA out of Kijevo, a strategic village on the
418:"), and Vasiljković under the war name "Kapetan Dragan". The name "Red Berets" came after the battle for 407: 933: 1389: 836: 1454: 524: 827:, former commander of the unit, were convicted on 23 May 2007, for their parts in the assassination. 745: 660:, was met with explicit disagreement from the unit's commanding officers. In 2001, JSO engaged in a 501:
light mobile artillery and infantry. The unit operated as a part of the State Security Directorate (
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was sentenced to 40 years in prison for the Ibar Highway murders and the murder of Ivan Stambolić.
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and the subsequent end of the war, the JSO, alongside the police and armed forces, left Kosovo.
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During this period, disillusioned Ulemek got involved in criminal activities of the so-called
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tanks and began operating them. The Guard later took part in various operations in Bosnia: in
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was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy in which some members of the unit were involved.
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in re-establishing the defense lines against the joint Croatian-Bosniak offensive codenamed "
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mountain, near Kosovo. From there, JSO launched a number of operations aimed against the
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http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/trial-for-munity-of-serbian-special-forces-said
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http://www.b92.net/eng/news/crimes.php?yyyy=2008&mm=03&dd=03&nav_id=48134
429:. According to the hints given by Simatović, the unit seems to have been involved in 617: 359: 1465: 758: 520: 458: 354:
for various war crimes. Various other members are convicted or being tried for the
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was assassinated on 11 April 1997, in Belgrade. His assassins are still at large.
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On 25 August 2000, former president of Serbia and once a rival of Milošević's,
558:'s hideout in Prekaz. The assault was planned and coordinated together with the 535:
combat helicopters on the black market, most likely through RDB intermediaries.
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remained, to this day, somewhat controversial. On 4 October, opposition leader
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The JSO was created in 1996 by merging paramilitary units under the command of
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The origins of the JSO can be traced back to April 1991, on the eve of
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on their neck, which is noted by the press during the trial of Legija.
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was convicted of the murder of Zoran Đinđić and jailed for 40 years.
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on 25 March 2003, 13 days after the assassination of Prime Minister
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was chosen for its base camp. The JSO also obtained two Ukrainian
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Military units and formations of the Croatian War of Independence
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The other wing of the unit was apparently formed in May 1991, in
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claimed that former members of the Red Berets took part in the
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claimed he was the one who ordered the unit to be deployed in
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Serbian Police units that participated in the Cuska massacre
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Serbian Police units that participated in the Cuska massacre
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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
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In September 1995, at Sana river, the unit assisted the
382:, when a paramilitary group led by Franko Simatović and 366:. The JSO was also reportedly involved in instances of 313:
and incorporating them into the security system of the
624:. After a yearlong trial in Serbia's special court in 422:, when Vasiljković distributed the berets to his men. 298:), was an elite special forces police unit of Serbian 899:
Milan Milosevic and Uros Komlenovic (19 April 1997).
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Directorate for the International Police Cooperation
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Transitions to Democracy: A Comparative Perspective
916:"ANALYSIS: Milosevic Indicted Over Croatian Crimes" 1080:article on the trial for the Ibar Highway killings 969: 1566:Military units and formations of the Bosnian War 1552: 1145:Stoner, Kathryn; McFaul, Michael (2013-04-15). 1091:"Detention and Disappearance of Ivan Stambolic" 402:. In Knin, Simatović and Vasiljković contacted 1366:"Suđenje za ubistvo Zorana Đinđića: Srce tame" 961:Filip Švarm and Jovan Dulović (3 April 2003). 1453: 1439: 1297: 1188:Balkan Insight, article on the mutiny charges 1144: 913: 854: 512:. The unit members provided protection for 1446: 1432: 457:in 1995. The Bihać operation, code-named " 36: 991: 989: 884:. Trial Watch. 2007-04-12. Archived from 874: 691:The JSO was disbanded by decision of the 1034:"Mi-24s still serving in Eastern Europe" 850: 848: 846: 844: 1252: 603:attacked while moving down Ibar Highway 597:On 3 October 1999, a vehicle column of 473:. The goal was to assist the fledgling 1553: 1493:Directorate for Administrative Affairs 995: 986: 346:(head of RDB during the first half of 1427: 1363: 1345:. Associated Press. 28 September 2009 841: 562:of the police. In May-July 1998, the 475:Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia 1191: 1125: 934:"Pad Laslova na današnji dan, 1991!" 1402:"Feljton – Jedinica", Filip Švarm, 465:) was done in cooperation with the 13: 356:Ibar Highway assassination attempt 14: 1587: 1383: 1277:"Oslobođeni Stanišić i Simatović" 996:Partos, Gabriel (26 March 2003). 394:, capital of the self-proclaimed 42:Emblem of Special Operations Unit 1109:"Ex-Serb president's body found" 914:Mirko Klarin (13 October 2001). 400:Serbian Ministry of the Interior 241:Jedinica za specijalne operacije 230:Јединица за специјалне операције 30:Jedinica za specijalne operacije 27:Јединица за специјалне операције 1357: 1335: 1310: 1291: 1269: 1238: 1212: 1179: 1165: 1138: 1126:Wood, Nicholas (19 July 2005). 1119: 1101: 1083: 1068: 1054: 1040: 1026: 1008: 998:"Serbia's 'elite' enemy within" 633:overthrow of Slobodan Milošević 1364:Švarm, Filip (22 April 2004). 1298:Julian Borger (30 June 2021). 1279:(in Serbian). B92. 30 May 2013 954: 940: 926: 907: 892: 830: 814: 686: 414:(a portmanteau of "Knin" and " 406:, minister of the interior of 1: 808: 538:At the very beginning of the 823:, an officer of the JSO and 763:Västberga helicopter robbery 631:The unit's role in the 2000 519:In 1996, one year after the 380:Croatian War of Independence 368:war crimes in the Kosovo War 7: 1516:Special Anti-Terrorist Unit 1487:Criminal Police Directorate 798:Special Anti-Terrorist Unit 786: 775:Members of the unit have a 560:Special Anti-Terrorist Unit 408:Republic of Serbian Krajina 350:'s rule) were convicted at 294: 273: 240: 222:Unit for Special Operations 25:Unit for Special Operations 10: 1592: 1484:Traffic Police Directorate 1481:General Police Directorate 857:"Feljton: Jedinica, Deo I" 855:Filip Švarm (2006-09-07). 793:State Security Directorate 757:Serbian Interior Minister 373: 300:State Security Directorate 211:State Security Directorate 16:Special forces police unit 1503: 1490:Border Police Directorate 1474: 1461: 1455:Law enforcement in Serbia 901:"The State And The Mafia" 769: 746:Željko "Arkan" Ražnatović 726:Franko "Frenki" Simatović 503:Resor Državne bezbednosti 307:Željko Ražnatović "Arkan" 286: 265: 229: 206: 172: 162: 157: 147: 142: 131: 116: 98: 74: 69: 61: 47: 35: 24: 1561:Special forces of Serbia 1260:"Stanišić and Simatović" 1062:"**Tigar** zvani Ulemek" 752:Radovan "Badža" Stojičić 599:Serbian Renewal Movement 510:Army of Republika Srpska 487:Army of Republika Srpska 471:Army of Republika Srpska 396:Republic of Serb Krajina 143:Jurisdictional structure 1406:(7–21 September 2006) 730:crimes against humanity 439:Serbian Volunteer Guard 358:and for the murders of 254:Special Operations Unit 148:Operations jurisdiction 1395:Unofficial JSO website 548:Kosovo Liberation Army 525:Yugoslav People's Army 104:; 21 years ago 19:Law enforcement agency 1576:Police tactical units 1368:. No. 694. Vreme 963:"Od Arkana do Gumara" 765:on 23 September 2009. 317:under the auspice of 158:Operational structure 1540:(defunct; 1994–2001) 1532:(defunct; 1991–2003) 1524:(defunct; 2003–2016) 1504:Special police units 882:"Dragan Vasiljkovic" 803:Special Police Units 693:Government of Serbia 467:Army of Serb Krajina 453:in 1994, and at the 431:Borovo Selo killings 1475:Police directorates 1173:"Legija izdao vođu" 950:. 19 February 2018. 936:. 24 November 2016. 491:Operation Mistral 2 483:3rd Tactical Group. 1224:The New York Times 1132:The New York Times 740:Dragan Vasiljković 732:and war crimes in 592:Kumanovo Agreement 384:Dragan Vasiljković 348:Slobodan Milošević 137:(+600 in reserves) 117:Superseding agency 102:25 March 2003 1548: 1547: 1158:978-1-4214-0813-2 1036:. 20 August 2020. 821:Zvezdan Jovanović 716:Zvezdan Jovanović 681:Miroslav Mišković 292: 271: 238: 219: 218: 173:Agency executives 1583: 1541: 1533: 1525: 1466:Police of Serbia 1448: 1441: 1434: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1399: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1314: 1308: 1307: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1216: 1210: 1209: 1207: 1206: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1115:. 28 March 2003. 1105: 1099: 1098: 1093:. 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Archived from 852: 839: 834: 828: 818: 710:Radomir Marković 647:Radomir Marković 611:Radomir Marković 521:Dayton Agreement 463:"Operacija Pauk" 459:Operation Spider 435:Radovan Stojičić 427:Eastern Slavonia 311:Franko Simatović 297: 291:romanized:  290: 288: 283:Franko Simatović 276: 270:romanized:  269: 267: 256:, also known as 243: 233: 231: 215: 199: 193: 184: 180:Franko Simatović 138: 127: 112: 110: 105: 94: 85: 48:Common name 40: 22: 21: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1531: 1523: 1499: 1470: 1457: 1452: 1418: 1397: 1386: 1381: 1371: 1369: 1362: 1358: 1348: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1327: 1325: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1296: 1292: 1282: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1229: 1227: 1226:. 27 March 2003 1218: 1217: 1213: 1204: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1184: 1180: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1159: 1143: 1139: 1124: 1120: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1014: 1013: 1009: 994: 987: 982:. 28 June 2007. 978: 977: 970: 959: 955: 946: 945: 941: 932: 931: 927: 912: 908: 897: 893: 880: 879: 875: 853: 842: 835: 831: 819: 815: 811: 789: 772: 728:were tried for 722:Jovica Stanišić 689: 664:, blocking the 580:NATO airstrikes 514:Jovica Stanišić 376: 364:Slavko Ćuruvija 344:Jovica Stanišić 319:Jovica Stanišić 213: 202: 197: 191: 182: 136: 121: 108: 106: 103: 88: 86: 79: 70:Agency overview 54: 43: 28: 26: 20: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1589: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1542: 1534: 1526: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1436: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1400: 1392: 1385: 1384:External links 1382: 1380: 1379: 1356: 1334: 1309: 1290: 1268: 1251: 1248:. 23 May 2007. 1237: 1211: 1190: 1178: 1164: 1157: 1137: 1118: 1100: 1097:on 2001-12-23. 1082: 1067: 1053: 1039: 1025: 1022:on 2013-11-13. 1007: 985: 968: 953: 939: 925: 906: 891: 888:on 2007-10-24. 873: 867:on 2006-09-15. 859:(in Serbian). 840: 829: 825:Milorad Ulemek 812: 810: 807: 806: 805: 800: 795: 788: 785: 784: 783: 771: 768: 767: 766: 755: 749: 743: 737: 719: 713: 707: 704:Milorad Ulemek 688: 685: 618:Ivan Stambolić 607:Milorad Ulemek 495:Operation Sana 449:in 1992, near 375: 372: 360:Ivan Stambolić 274:Crvene beretke 266:Црвене беретке 217: 216: 208: 204: 203: 201: 200: 196:Dušan Maričić 194: 189:Milorad Ulemek 186: 176: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 140: 139: 133: 129: 128: 118: 114: 113: 100: 96: 95: 76: 72: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 49: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1588: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1538: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1367: 1360: 1344: 1338: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1294: 1278: 1272: 1261: 1255: 1247: 1241: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1200: 1194: 1187: 1182: 1174: 1168: 1160: 1154: 1151:. 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Due to 447:Bijeljina 235:romanized 132:Employees 99:Dissolved 1416:Part III 1304:Guardian 1002:BBC News 903:. Vreme. 787:See also 666:Belgrade 651:Belgrade 642:Belgrade 626:Belgrade 568:Priština 469:and the 388:Belgrade 279:Frankies 244:; abbr. 82:de facto 56:Frankies 1412:Part II 1322:AP News 1265:. ICTY. 870:Alt URL 584:Hummers 412:Knindže 374:History 302:(RDB). 237::  226:Serbian 124:de jure 107: ( 91:de jure 1408:Part I 1283:30 May 1201:. 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Index

Logo of the JSO
FR Yugoslavia
Kula
Franko Simatović
Milorad Ulemek
State Security Directorate
Serbian
romanized
berets
Franko Simatović
State Security Directorate
Željko Ražnatović "Arkan"
Franko Simatović
Serbia
Jovica Stanišić
Serbia
Zoran Đinđić
war crimes
Yugoslav Wars
gray eminence
Jovica Stanišić
Slobodan Milošević
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Ibar Highway assassination attempt
Ivan Stambolić
Slavko Ćuruvija
war crimes in the Kosovo War
Croatian War of Independence
Dragan Vasiljković
Belgrade

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