496:
conservation strategies in 30 countries. Several
European countries began to channel considerable amounts of bilateral aid via IUCN's projects. Management of these projects was primarily done by IUCN staff, often working from the new regional and country offices IUCN set up around the world. This marked a shift within the organisation. Previously, the volunteer Commissions had been very influential, now the secretariat and its staff began to play a more dominant role. In 1989, IUCN moved into a separate building in Gland, close to the offices it had shared with WWF. Initially, the focus of power was still with the Headquarters in Gland but the regional offices and regional members' groups gradually got a bigger say in operations.
1127:
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1329:
3131:
1342:
1113:
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1192:
1168:
854:
1447:
382:
1364:
1482:
1423:
1410:
1399:
1375:
1471:
1458:
1388:
1279:
1229:
1216:
1085:
1303:
1141:
1495:
1099:
3240:
1434:
1071:
1290:
1550:
320:
1266:
592:
1517:
1506:
1240:
1524:
1537:
1205:
1179:
1316:
1253:
1667:
establishment of IUCN had been leading figures in the
British Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of Empire, which wanted to protect species against the impact of 'native' hunting pressure in order to safeguard hunting by Europeans. The fact that, at least until the 1990s, most of IUCN staff, the chairs of the Commissions and the IUCN president came from western countries has also led to criticism.
40:
352:, US and drafted the first list of gravely endangered species. In the early years of its existence IUCN depended almost entirely on UNESCO funding and was forced to temporarily scale down activities when this ended unexpectedly in 1954. IUCN was successful in engaging prominent scientists and identifying important issues such as the harmful effects of
822:
IUCN works on the basis of four-year programs, determined by the membership. In the IUCN Programme for 2017–2020 conserving nature and biodiversity is linked to sustainable development and poverty reduction. IUCN states that it aims to have a solid factual base for its work and takes into account the
528:
In 1996, after decades of seeking to address specific business issues, IUCN's
Members asked for a comprehensive approach to engaging the business sector. Resolution 1.81 of the IUCN World Conservation Congress held that year "urged IUCN Members and the Director General, based on the need to influence
1713:
A report, released at the IUCN World Parks
Congress in Sydney on 12 November 2014 showed that the 209,000 conservation reserves around the world now cover 15.4 per cent of the total land area. This is a step towards protecting 17 percent of land and 10 percent of ocean environments on Earth by 2020
1615:
It has established a worldwide network of governmental and non-governmental organisations, involves experts in the IUCN Commissions, has formal ties to international agreements and intergovernmental organisations and increasingly also partnerships with international business. The World
Conservation
532:
The IUCN Global
Business and Biodiversity Program (BBP) was established in 2003 to influence and support private partners in addressing environmental and social issues. In 2004, the first IUCN Private Sector Engagement Strategy was developed (in response to Council Decision C/58/41). Most prominent
1590:
IUCN's funding mainly comes from
Official Development Assistance budgets of bilateral and multilateral agencies. This represented 61% of its income in 2012. Additional sources of income are the membership fees, as well as grants and project funding from foundations, institutions, and corporations.
952:
IUCN Members are States, government agencies, international nongovernmental organizations, national nongovernmental organizations and indigenous peoples' organisations. In 2017, IUCN had 1400 members. The members can organize themselves in national or regional committees to promote cooperation. In
244:
IUCN has a membership of over 1,400 governmental and non-governmental organizations from over 170 countries. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs over 900 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in
236:
in its projects. IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider
1048:
The IUCN council is the principal governing body of IUCN. The council provides strategic direction for the activities of the Union, discusses specific policy issues and provides guidance on finance and the membership development of the Union. The council is composed of the president, four vice
356:
on wildlife but not many of the ideas it developed were turned into action. This was caused by unwillingness to act on the part of governments, uncertainty about the IUCN mandate and lack of resources. In 1956, IUCN changed its name to
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
551:
Today, the
Business and Biodiversity Programme continues to set the strategic direction, coordinate IUCN's overall approach and provide institutional quality assurance in all business engagements. The Programme ensures that the Business Engagement Strategy is implemented through IUCN's global
495:
In 1982, IUCN set up a
Conservation for Development Centre within its secretariat. The Centre undertook projects to ensure that nature conservation was integrated in development aid and in the economic policies of developing countries. Over the years, it supported the development of national
1666:
This is linked to another criticism that has been directed at IUCN, namely that throughout its history it has mainly been 'Northern focused', i.e. had a West-European or North-American perspective on global conservation. Some critics point to the fact that many individuals involved in the
1049:
presidents (elected by the council from among its members), the treasurer, the chairs of IUCN's six commissions, three regional councillors from each of IUCN's eight statutory regions and a councillor from the state in which IUCN has its seat (Switzerland). IUCN's current president is
566:
The emergence of the NbS concept in environmental sciences and nature conservation contexts came as international organisations, such as IUCN and the World Bank, searched for solutions to work with ecosystems rather than relying on conventional engineering interventions (such as a
471:(1980). The drafting process, and the discussions with the UN agencies involved, led to an evolution in thinking within IUCN and growing acceptance of the fact that conservation of nature by banning human presence no longer worked. The Strategy was followed in 1982 by the
249:, Switzerland. Every four years, IUCN convenes for the IUCN World Conservation Congress where IUCN Members set the global conservation agenda by voting on recommendations and guide the secretariat's work by passing resolutions and the IUCN Programme.
229:, research, field projects, advocacy, and education. IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable".
308:, France, when representatives of governments and conservation organizations spurred by UNESCO signed a formal act constituting the International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). The initiative to set up the new organisation came from
422:. Resolution 1296, adopted in 1968, granted 'consultative' status to NGOs. IUCN itself was eventually accredited with six UN organizations. IUCN was one of the few environmental organisations formally involved in the preparations of the
844:
IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns.
389:
Africa was the focus of many of the early IUCN conservation field projects. IUCN supported the 'Yellowstone model' of protected area management, which severely restricted human presence and activity in order to protect nature.
978:
The seven IUCN Commissions involve volunteer experts from a range of disciplines. They 'assess the state of the world's natural resources and provide the Union with sound know-how and policy advice on conservation issues'.
1710:. It publishes or co-authors more than 100 books and major assessments every year, along with hundreds of reports, documents, and guidelines. In 2015, 76 IUCN articles were published in peer reviewed scientific journals.
506:
Social aspects of conservation were now integrated in IUCN's work; at the General Assembly in 1994 the IUCN mission was redrafted to its current wording to include the equitable and ecologically use of natural resources.
1045:(Members' Assembly) is IUCN's highest decision-making body. The congress convenes every four years. It elects the council, including the president, and approves IUCN's work program for the next four years and budget.
1822:
The organisation changed its name to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1956 with the acronym IUCN (or UICN in French and Spanish). This remains our full legal name to this
488:. This marked a phase of closer cooperation with WWF, but the close ties between IUCN and WWF were severed in 1985 when WWF decided to take control of its own field projects, which so far had been run by IUCN.
1759:
For each paragraph in the section one reference to the pages used is included following the header. Where information in the paragraph is based on other sources a separate reference is included in the text.
453:
to provide regular reviews of world conservation. The income this generated, combined with growing revenue via WWF, put the organisation on relatively sound financial footing for the first time since 1948.
989:
World Commission on Environmental Law (WCEL): developing new legal concepts and instruments and building the capacity of societies to employ environmental law for conservation and sustainable development.
529:
private sector policies in support of the Mission of IUCN, to expand dialogue and productive relationships with the private sector and find new ways to interact with members of the business community".
517:
The increased attention on sustainable development as a means to protect nature brought IUCN closer to the corporate sector. The members decided against this, but IUCN did forge a partnership with the
276:. In the past, IUCN has been criticized for placing the interests of nature over those of indigenous peoples. In recent years, its closer relations with the business sector have caused controversy.
574:
At the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2016, IUCN Members agreed on a definition of nature-based solutions. Members also called for governments to include nature-based solutions in strategies to
1643:
and other traditional users of the land. Until the 1980s IUCN favored the "Yellowstone Model" of conservation which called for the removal of humans from protected areas. The expulsion of the
330:
At the time of its founding IUCN was the only international organisation focusing on the entire spectrum of nature conservation (an international organisation for the protection of birds, now
3367:
375:
3504:
1670:
More recently, activist environmental groups have argued that IUCN is too closely associated with governmental organisations and with the commercial sector. IUCN's cooperation with
3276:
439:– the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1974). IUCN is a signatory party and the CITES secretariat was originally lodged with IUCN.
2874:
609:
1796:
957:
3371:
2803:
1028:. Eight regional offices headed by a director implement IUCN's program in their respective territories. Since 1980, IUCN has established offices in more than 50 countries.
659:
1959: UNESCO decides to create an international list of Nature Parks and equivalent reserves, and the United Nations Secretary General asks the IUCN to prepare this list.
2778:
1056:
The council appoints a director general, who is responsible for the overall management of IUCN and the running of the secretariat. The current IUCN director general is
3638:
900:
IUCN has a growing program of partnerships with the corporate sector on a regional, national and international level to promote sustainable use of natural resources.
3673:
908:
On the national level, IUCN helps governments prepare national biodiversity policies. Internationally, IUCN provides advice to environmental conventions such as the
2495:
3628:
3408:
2400:
3663:
1616:
Congress and the World Parks Congress events organised by IUCN are the largest gatherings of organisations and individuals involved in conservation worldwide.
986:
Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP): economic and social factors for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
3648:
683:
1974: IUCN is involved in obtaining the agreement of its members to sign a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (
426:(Stockholm, 1972). The Stockholm Conference eventually led to three new international conventions, with IUCN involved in their drafting and implementation:
3269:
2967:
457:
This period saw the beginning of a gradual change in IUCN's approach to conservation in which it tried to become more appealing to the developing world.
3658:
3633:
1694:, where the local community and international environmental activists were protesting against the construction of a navy base also led to controversy.
518:
423:
221:. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it. It is involved in
2364:
133:
2054:
3428:
2936:
540:
IUCN has been involved in minimum energy consumption and zero-carbon construction since 2005 by integrating energy-saving materials, developed by
3262:
571:), to adapt to and mitigate climate change effects, while improving sustainable livelihoods and protecting natural ecosystems and biodiversity.
3492:
983:
Commission on Education and Communication (CEC): communication, learning and knowledge management in IUCN and the wider conservation community.
744:
2008: Stopped using World Conservation Union as its official name and reverted its name back to International Union for Conservation of Nature.
433:(1972). IUCN co-drafted the World Heritage Convention with UNESCO and has been involved as the official Advisory Body on nature from the onset.
2619:
563:(NbS) use ecosystems and the services they provide to address societal challenges such as climate change, food security or natural disasters.
3643:
3462:
2308:
514:
Since the creation of IUCN in 1948, IUCN Members have passed more than 300 resolutions that include or focus on business related activities.
1639:
It has been claimed that the IUCN puts the needs of nature above those of humans, disregarding economic considerations and the interests of
3085:
2012:
1780:
17:
666:
set up as a complementary organisation to focus on fund raising, public relations and increasing public support for nature conservation.
3545:
748:
2882:
2688:
1627:
determine which species and natural areas merit protection. Through the Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas and the system of
404:
WWF) to work on fundraising to cover part of the operational costs of IUCN. Also in 1961, the IUCN headquarters moved from Belgium to
2976:
1793:
1736:
1976:
2960:
2811:
1865:
1612:(WRI), is seen as a driving force behind the rise of the influence of environmental organisations at the UN and around the world.
1682:– where they have together been launching Coca-Cola-focused community centers – has also drawn some criticism and allegations of
3668:
3070:
3020:
992:
Commission on Ecosystem Management (CEM): integrated ecosystem approaches to the management of natural and modified ecosystems.
917:
944:
As an organization, IUCN has three components: the member organizations, the six scientific commissions and the secretariat.
445:– Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1975). The secretariat is still administered from IUCN's headquarters.
400:
To establish a stable financial basis for its work, IUCN participated in setting up the World Wildlife Fund (1961) (now the
727:
702:
273:
2166:
1126:
723:
1990: Began using the name World Conservation Union as the official name, while continuing using IUCN as its abbreviation.
3653:
3434:
3215:
3015:
2953:
2417:
1731:
1620:
1009:
866:
2499:
1715:
909:
371:. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964.
2393:
2150:
2117:
1955:
1554:
1132:
1061:
631:
232:
Over the past decades, IUCN has widened its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to
3254:
2745:
2637:
1703:
1003:
995:
2338:
2222:
2196:
2995:
2940:
2560:
2087:
1896:
713:
478:
2715:
3228:
3005:
1628:
1220:
613:
2855:
2521:
3345:
3110:
3105:
3030:
1414:
1104:
533:
in the Business and Biodiversity Program is the five-year collaboration IUCN started with the energy company
2447:
840:
to address societal challenges including climate change, food security, and economic and social development.
3243:
3170:
3145:
3120:
3050:
3025:
1652:
1112:
656:
1956: Name changed to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
374:
IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the
3349:
3286:
3233:
3100:
3065:
2990:
2062:
1624:
1619:
According to some, IUCN has considerable influence in defining what nature conservation actually is. The
870:
522:
348:
and was closely associated to UNESCO. They jointly organized the 1949 Conference on Protection of Nature
264:, and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and
3575:
3551:
3326:
3115:
3010:
2247:
1605:
731:
706:
663:
401:
269:
206:
73:
1012:(WCPA): establishment and effective management of a network of terrestrial and marine protected areas.
1609:
575:
2282:
2001:
1084:
411:
367:
During this period, the IUCN expanded its relations with UN-agencies and established links with the
3055:
3045:
2616:
717:
473:
2316:
884:
and promote good management of such areas. In particular, it focuses on greater protection of the
3310:
1707:
1648:
998:(SSC): technical aspects of species conservation and action for species that are threatened with
873:. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is applicable at local, national, regional, and global levels.
602:
233:
3404:
2586:
2003:
1541:
1006:
known as Species Action Plans, which are used to outline the conservation strategies of species.
253:
3150:
3075:
3000:
1662:
IUCN's relationships with local land users like the Maasai have caused controversy in the past.
837:
560:
349:
331:
3585:
3424:
3394:
3199:
3182:
3155:
3130:
3095:
2937:
International Union for the Conservation of Nature oral history interview (Pimlott's remarks)
1675:
1604:
IUCN is considered one of the most influential conservation organisations and, together with
1140:
83:
1070:
552:
thematic and regional programmes as well as helps guide the work of IUCN's six Commissions.
3080:
3035:
1901:
1341:
862:
816:
3480:
1658:
1098:
397:, secretary-general from 1955 to 1958, did not draw a salary during his period in office.
8:
3194:
3165:
3160:
1702:
IUCN has a wide range of publications, reports, guidelines, and databases (including the
925:
677:
534:
430:
257:
210:
2945:
754:
2016: Created a new IUCN membership category for indigenous peoples' organisations.
3456:
1873:
1640:
1025:
485:
246:
97:
2029:
823:
knowledge held by indigenous groups and other traditional users of natural resources.
393:
The IUCN also suffered from restricted financing in its early years. For this reason,
3381:
3375:
3316:
3284:
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2146:
2005:
World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development
1951:
1671:
1294:
1257:
1196:
788:
784:
691:
442:
368:
344:
IUCN (International Union for conservation of Nature) started out with 65 members in
694:) comes into force and its secretariat is administered from the IUCN's headquarters.
3581:
3440:
3361:
2138:
1674:
came in for criticism, also from its own membership. IUCN's close partnership with
1438:
1346:
1270:
1076:
1050:
853:
218:
139:
3388:
418:
During the 1960s, IUCN lobbied the UN General Assembly to create a new status for
381:
3597:
3332:
2623:
1800:
1486:
889:
881:
833:
Promoting and supporting effective and equitable governance of natural resources.
804:
796:
670:
545:
541:
412:
Consolidating its position in the international environmental movement: 1966–1975
214:
3557:
3412:
3398:
3338:
3177:
2535:
2473:
2174:
2142:
1481:
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1409:
1398:
1379:
1374:
1333:
1244:
1090:
931:
877:
776:
394:
261:
222:
2931:
2833:
2425:
2132:
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3603:
3450:
3418:
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2002:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1980).
1644:
1528:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1278:
1215:
1118:
963:
808:
800:
449:
IUCN entered into an agreement with the United Nations Environment Programme
323:
313:
305:
238:
226:
62:
1866:"Kenya: The Maasai Stand up to IUCN Displacement Attempts from their Forest"
1757:
Holdgate, M. 1999. The green web: a union for world conservation. Earthscan.
3563:
3516:
3498:
2666:
1683:
1567:
1320:
1302:
1146:
1057:
678:
Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage
431:
Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage
326:, the first Director General of UNESCO, took the initiative to set up IUCN.
265:
87:
936:
IUCN has official relations with the multiple other international bodies.
653:
1948: International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN) established.
555:
3591:
3444:
3090:
1691:
1687:
1585:
1562:
1494:
1387:
1307:
1228:
1191:
1167:
775:
According to its website, IUCN works on the following themes: business,
680:
and the IUCN is invited to provide technical evaluations and monitoring.
3474:
3040:
1781:"Razan al Mubarak becomes first woman from the Arab world to head IUCN"
1183:
999:
780:
616: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2095:
1907:
376:
African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
312:
and especially from its first director general, the British biologist
2723:
1433:
353:
319:
3569:
3323:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
2223:"International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) | Britannica"
591:
3187:
2779:"Never mind the greenwash – Coca Cola can never be 'water neutral'"
2131:
Cohen-Shacham, E; Walters, G; Janzen, C; Maginnis, S, eds. (2016).
967:
953:
2016, there were 62 national committees and 7 regional committees.
709:) collaborate with UNESCO to publish a World Conservation Strategy.
345:
2916:
2130:
741:
2003: Establishment of the IUCN Business and Biodiversity Program.
1679:
1549:
1516:
1505:
1363:
1289:
812:
568:
2682:
2680:
492:
Sustainable development and regionalisation: 1985 to present day
385:
Africa was the first regional focus of IUCN conservation action.
3486:
3468:
2921:
1686:. Its decision to hold the 2012 World Conservation Congress on
1536:
1523:
1446:
1265:
1204:
1178:
960:
930:
It has a formally accredited permanent observer mission to the
921:
885:
792:
405:
360:
309:
241:, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide.
2941:
University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services
2167:"077 – Defining Nature-based Solutions | 2016 Congress portal"
1755:
The information in the section on history is largely based on
826:
The IUCN Programme 2017–2020 identifies three priority areas:
690:
1975: The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (
3355:
2677:
2476:. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 12 May 2010
1817:
1719:
1328:
1315:
1252:
1239:
913:
684:
436:
2255:
2134:
Nature-based solutions to address global societal challenges
1838:
956:
460:
39:
3510:
865:
and species conservation around the world. It produces the
450:
419:
3534:
279:
IUCN was established in 1948. It was initially called the
2975:
687:), whose secretariat was originally lodged with the IUCN.
3299:
673:
which enables it to boost its international secretariat.
174:
3574:
2020: Spanish health workers on the front line against
556:
Championing Nature-based Solutions: 2009 to present day
484:
In 1980, IUCN and WWF moved into shared new offices in
2909:
1714:
since an agreement between the world's nations at the
876:
IUCN's stated goal is to expand the global network of
644:
Some key dates in the growth and development of IUCN:
2926:
499:
In 1991, IUCN (together with UNEP and WWF) published
2746:"Greenwash: Are Coke's green claims the real thing?"
2339:"'Green List' awards world's top conservation sites"
1971:
1969:
1967:
1655:
is perhaps the best known example of this approach.
903:
283:(1948–1956) and has also been formerly known as the
2627:, IUCN 2008, p. 22. URL retrieved 2011-01-24.
712:1982: Following IUCN preparation and efforts, the
519:World Business Council for Sustainable Development
503:, a successor to the World Conservation Strategy.
424:United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
3639:Nature conservation organisations based in Europe
2277:
2275:
2273:
2082:
2080:
1964:
1631:IUCN influences how protected areas are managed.
1584:IUCN's total income in 2012 was 114 million
3674:International organisations based in Switzerland
3620:
3429:Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
2804:"Jeju island navy base controversy divides iucn"
2197:"International Union for Conservation of Nature"
2124:
966:commemorating the 1978 IUCN General Assembly in
281:International Union for the Protection of Nature
191:International Union for the Protection of Nature
2917:IUCN and UNEP World Database on Protected Areas
2660:
2658:
2466:
2388:
2386:
3629:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3061:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2270:
2118:"Le projet puritain de l'Union pour la nature"
2077:
199:International Union for Conservation of Nature
33:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3664:Intergovernmental environmental organizations
3463:Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul
3356:American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR)
3270:
2961:
1948:The green web: a union for world conservation
3649:Scientific organizations established in 1948
2655:
2610:
2608:
2383:
2088:"Environmentalists spar over corporate ties"
2030:"Global Business and Biodiversity Programme"
1897:"Environmentalists Spar Over Corporate Ties"
1860:
1858:
1856:
1015:Climate Crisis Commission: established 2021.
361:Increased profile and recognition: 1956–1965
3362:Association for Peace in the Basque Country
1588:(€95 million or US$ 116 million).
939:
770:
304:IUCN was established on 5 October 1948, in
3277:
3263:
2968:
2954:
2716:"What's an EKOCENTER and what does it do?"
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
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155:CHF 140.7 million / US$ 148 million (2019)
38:
3659:United Nations General Assembly observers
3634:International environmental organizations
3511:Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE)
2875:"Big increase in Earth's protected areas"
2605:
1853:
1031:
632:Learn how and when to remove this message
461:The World Conservation Strategy 1975–1985
337:
1945:
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955:
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852:
380:
318:
237:public for compiling and publishing the
2722:(in Urdu). 4 April 2016. Archived from
1922:
1833:
1831:
1002:. Specialist groups of the SSC prepare
848:
749:The world's 100 most threatened species
511:Closer to business: 2000 to present day
14:
3621:
3535:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord
3071:Natural Resources Conservation Service
3021:Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
2406:from the original on 14 November 2017.
918:Framework Convention on Climate Change
268:. It was involved in establishing the
3533:
3298:
3258:
2977:Conservation organisations and groups
2949:
2686:
2664:
3644:International forestry organizations
3368:National Movement of Street Children
3300:Prince of Asturias Award for Concord
3287:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
1995:
1828:
1153:
728:United Nations Environment Programme
703:United Nations Environment Programme
669:1969: IUCN obtains a grant from the
647:
614:adding citations to reliable sources
585:
274:World Conservation Monitoring Centre
3546:Hospitaller Order of St John of God
3435:World Network of Biosphere Reserves
3216:List of environmental organizations
3016:Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
1732:List of environmental organizations
1621:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1010:World Commission on Protected Areas
867:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
239:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
2881:. 13 November 2014. Archived from
1737:List of conservation organisations
1716:Convention on Biological Diversity
910:Convention on Biological Diversity
25:
3685:
2901:
2665:Ellis, Jessica (7 October 2020).
2614:Hesselink, Frits; Čeřovský, Jan:
2055:"IUCN and Shell: Guiding the way"
1906:(updated version). Archived from
1894:
1355:IUCN Directors General since 1948
1004:endangered species recovery plans
904:National and international policy
521:. IUCN renewed a multi-year MOU (
467:In 1975 IUCN started work on the
334:, had been established in 1922).
3505:Spanish Federation of Food Banks
3239:
3238:
3129:
2155:– via IUCN Library System.
2018:from the original on 1 May 2015.
1704:Global Invasive Species Database
1561:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1480:
1469:
1456:
1445:
1432:
1421:
1408:
1397:
1386:
1373:
1362:
1340:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1227:
1214:
1203:
1190:
1177:
1166:
1139:
1125:
1111:
1097:
1083:
1069:
857:IUCN Animal Threat Category List
590:
297:
2996:Australian Wildlife Conservancy
2867:
2848:
2826:
2796:
2771:
2738:
2708:
2630:
2579:
2553:
2528:
2514:
2488:
2440:
2410:
2357:
2331:
2301:
2240:
2215:
2189:
2159:
2110:
2047:
2022:
1697:
765:
714:United Nations General Assembly
601:needs additional citations for
525:) with WBCSD in December 2015.
479:United Nations General Assembly
3229:Index of conservation articles
3006:Bombay Natural History Society
2922:Red List of Threatened Species
2448:"IUCN welcomes 13 new Members"
1888:
1810:
1787:
1773:
1749:
1706:) related to conservation and
1629:IUCN protected area categories
1019:
973:
830:Valuing and conserving nature.
701:1980: IUCN (together with the
13:
1:
3669:1948 establishments in France
3111:Wildlife Conservation Society
3106:Wildlife Conservation Network
3031:Fauna and Flora International
2690:IUCN: A History of Constraint
2617:Learning to Change the Future
2496:"IUCN – Species Action Plans"
1981:agendatwentyone.wordpress.com
1766:
1036:
861:IUCN runs field projects for
747:2012: IUCN publishes list of
481:, after preparation by IUCN.
3146:Community-based conservation
3121:Zoological Society of London
3051:National Wildlife Federation
3026:Frankfurt Zoological Society
2399:. Gland, Switzerland. 2017.
1653:Ngorongoro Conservation Area
1634:
1599:
7:
3403:1998: Nicolás Castellanos,
3234:List of conservation issues
3101:The Conservation Volunteers
3066:Marine Conservation Society
2991:American Prairie Foundation
2808:Biodiversity media alliance
2059:Business & Biodiversity
1725:
1625:IUCN Red List of Ecosystems
1043:World Conservation Congress
1024:The IUCN head office is in
996:Species Survival Commission
871:IUCN Red List of Ecosystems
581:
523:Memorandum of understanding
477:, which was adopted by the
469:World Conservation Strategy
18:Species Survival Commission
10:
3690:
3654:Environmental conservation
3327:World Wide Fund for Nature
3116:World Wide Fund for Nature
3011:Conservation International
2143:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2016.13.en
1606:World Wide Fund for Nature
1579:
1159:IUCN presidents since 1948
947:
732:World Wide Fund for Nature
726:1991: IUCN (together with
707:World Wide Fund for Nature
402:World Wide Fund for Nature
290:
270:World Wide Fund for Nature
207:international organization
74:International organization
27:International organization
3540:
3529:
3305:
3294:
3224:
3208:
3138:
3127:
2983:
2638:"IUCN Annual Report 2012"
2394:"IUCN 2016 Annual Report"
1946:Holdgate, Martin (1999).
1870:World Rainforest Movement
1820:. IUCN. 3 December 2014.
1807:. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
1610:World Resources Institute
807:, science and knowledge,
185:
169:
159:
149:
124:
114:
104:
93:
79:
69:
46:
37:
3346:Médecins Sans Frontières
3056:National Audubon Society
3046:Malaysian Nature Society
2622:6 September 2011 at the
2365:"Key Biodiversity Areas"
1799:11 December 2021 at the
1742:
940:Organizational structure
771:IUCN Programme 2017–2020
718:World Charter for Nature
676:1972: UNESCO adopts the
474:World Charter for Nature
285:World Conservation Union
209:working in the field of
3552:SOS Children's Villages
3311:Vicariate of Solidarity
2857:IUCN Annual Report 2015
2201:Encyclopædia Britannica
1708:sustainable development
1649:Serengeti National Park
1595:Influence and criticism
234:sustainable development
3151:Conservation community
3076:The Nature Conservancy
3001:BirdLife International
2927:Red List of Ecosystems
1663:
1032:Governance and funding
970:
858:
838:Nature Based Solutions
561:Nature-based solutions
386:
338:Early years: 1948–1956
332:BirdLife International
327:
52:; 75 years ago
3586:World Central Kitchen
3425:Royal Spanish Academy
3395:Mstislav Rostropovich
3200:Wildlife conservation
3156:Conservation movement
3096:The Conservation Fund
2879:Australian Geographic
2418:"UNESCO NGO database"
2343:Australian Geographic
1661:
959:
896:Business partnerships
856:
576:combat climate change
384:
322:
3036:Friends of the Earth
2687:MacDonald, Kenneth.
2522:"Expert Commissions"
2474:"IUCN – Commissions"
2137:. portals.iucn.org.
2065:on 23 September 2015
1977:"Understanding NGOs"
1910:on 16 September 2018
1902:Worldwatch Institute
1876:on 27 September 2017
1794:"IUCN 2019 Accounts"
1542:Julia Marton-Lefèvre
1172:Charles Jean Bernard
849:Habitats and species
736:Caring for the Earth
610:improve this article
544:in the footsteps of
501:Caring for the Earth
165:Over 900 (worldwide)
3372:Messengers of Peace
3195:Restoration ecology
3166:Marine conservation
3161:Nature conservation
2885:on 17 November 2014
2863:. IUCN. p. 21.
2814:on 27 December 2014
2752:. 4 December 2008.
2319:on 26 December 2014
2203:. 16 September 2016
2120:. 29 November 2005.
2098:on 29 November 2014
1783:. 8 September 2021.
789:forest conservation
664:World Wildlife Fund
535:Shell International
258:consultative status
211:nature conservation
84:Nature conservation
50:5 October 1948
34:
3568:2019: The City of
3485:2009: The City of
3409:JoaquĂn Sanz Gadea
2726:on 3 December 2017
2587:"Director General"
2567:. 8 September 2021
2428:on 8 December 2014
2345:. 14 November 2014
2309:"CEC – what we do"
2227:www.britannica.com
1664:
1641:indigenous peoples
1221:Harold J. Coolidge
1209:François Bourlière
1026:Gland, Switzerland
971:
859:
486:Gland, Switzerland
387:
328:
136:(Director General)
32:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3525:
3524:
3481:ĂŤngrid Betancourt
3376:Save the Children
3317:Villa El Salvador
3285:Laureates of the
3252:
3251:
2932:IUCN publications
2011:. IUCN–UNEP–WWF.
1576:
1575:
1510:Marita Koch-Weser
1295:Yolanda Kakabadse
1258:M. S. Swaminathan
1197:Jean Georges Baer
795:, global policy,
785:environmental law
760:
759:
692:Ramsar Convention
642:
641:
634:
443:Ramsar Convention
369:Council of Europe
219:natural resources
195:
194:
16:(Redirected from
3681:
3531:
3530:
3457:Way of St. James
3441:Daniel Barenboim
3384:, king of Jordan
3296:
3295:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3242:
3241:
3133:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2913:
2912:
2910:Official website
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2810:. Archived from
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2593:. 31 August 2015
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:on 25 March 2016
2498:. Archived from
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2424:. Archived from
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2315:. Archived from
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2289:. 1 October 2015
2283:"IUCN Programme"
2279:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2254:. Archived from
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2177:on 8 August 2019
2173:. Archived from
2171:portals.iucn.org
2163:
2157:
2156:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2094:. Archived from
2084:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2061:. Archived from
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1943:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1904:. worldwatch.org
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1872:. Archived from
1862:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1760:
1753:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1449:
1439:Gerardo Budowski
1437:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1413:
1412:
1403:Gerald Watterson
1402:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1377:
1368:Jean Paul Harroy
1367:
1366:
1347:Razan Al Mubarak
1345:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1271:Shridath Ramphal
1269:
1268:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1194:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1170:
1154:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1101:
1087:
1077:Jean-Paul Harroy
1073:
1051:Razan Al Mubarak
648:
637:
630:
626:
623:
617:
594:
586:
408:in Switzerland.
181:
178:
176:
140:Razan Al Mubarak
60:
58:
53:
42:
35:
31:
21:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3564:Sylvia A. Earle
3536:
3521:
3333:Stephen Hawking
3301:
3290:
3283:
3253:
3248:
3220:
3204:
3134:
3125:
2979:
2974:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2678:
2667:"What is IUCN?"
2663:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2624:Wayback Machine
2613:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1958:
1944:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:Wayback Machine
1792:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1728:
1700:
1637:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1514:
1503:
1492:
1487:Martin Holdgate
1479:
1468:
1455:
1444:
1431:
1420:
1407:
1396:
1385:
1372:
1361:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1276:
1263:
1250:
1237:
1226:
1213:
1202:
1189:
1176:
1165:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1130:
1121:
1116:
1107:
1102:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1074:
1060:. He succeeded
1039:
1034:
1022:
976:
950:
942:
935:
929:
906:
898:
890:marine habitats
882:protected areas
851:
805:protected areas
773:
768:
761:
671:Ford Foundation
638:
627:
621:
618:
607:
595:
584:
558:
546:Julius Natterer
542:Jean-Luc Sandoz
513:
494:
463:
414:
363:
340:
300:
293:
215:sustainable use
188:
187:Formerly called
173:
162:
152:
145:
134:Grethel Aguilar
127:
117:
107:
61:
56:
54:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3687:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3558:European Union
3554:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3437:
3431:
3421:
3415:
3413:Muhammad Yunus
3405:Vicente Ferrer
3401:
3399:Yehudi Menuhin
3391:
3385:
3378:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3319:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3178:Protected area
3175:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2903:
2902:External links
2900:
2897:
2896:
2866:
2847:
2834:"Publications"
2825:
2795:
2770:
2737:
2707:
2676:
2654:
2629:
2604:
2578:
2552:
2527:
2513:
2487:
2465:
2439:
2409:
2382:
2371:. 8 March 2016
2356:
2330:
2300:
2269:
2258:on 23 May 2016
2239:
2214:
2188:
2158:
2151:
2123:
2109:
2076:
2046:
2021:
1994:
1983:. 28 June 2010
1963:
1956:
1921:
1887:
1852:
1827:
1809:
1786:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1699:
1696:
1636:
1633:
1608:(WWF) and the
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1557:
1555:Inger Andersen
1544:
1531:
1511:
1500:
1499:David McDowell
1489:
1476:
1465:
1452:
1441:
1428:
1417:
1404:
1393:
1382:
1380:Tracy Philipps
1369:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1336:
1334:Zhang Xinsheng
1323:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1273:
1260:
1247:
1245:Mohamed Kassas
1234:
1223:
1210:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1133:Inger Andersen
1131:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1091:Tracy Philipps
1089:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1062:Inger Andersen
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1007:
993:
990:
987:
984:
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1559:2019–present
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1529:Achim Steiner
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622:February 2022
615:
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324:Julian Huxley
321:
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314:Julian Huxley
311:
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306:Fontainebleau
302:
298:Establishment
295:
288:
287:(1990–2008).
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63:Fontainebleau
49:
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36:
30:
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3598:Mary's Meals
3517:Caddy Adzuba
3499:Fukushima 50
3493:Manos Unidas
3322:
3086:Sea Shepherd
3060:
2939:held at the
2887:. Retrieved
2883:the original
2878:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:the original
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2786:. Retrieved
2782:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2750:The Guardian
2749:
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2724:the original
2719:
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2689:
2670:
2645:. Retrieved
2632:
2615:
2595:. Retrieved
2590:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2564:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:
2536:"About IUCN"
2530:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2500:the original
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2451:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2426:the original
2421:
2412:
2373:. Retrieved
2368:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2342:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:the original
2312:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2286:
2260:. Retrieved
2256:the original
2251:
2248:"What we do"
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2200:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:the original
2170:
2161:
2133:
2126:
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2096:the original
2091:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
2058:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2033:
2024:
2004:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1980:
1947:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1900:
1895:Block, Ben.
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1874:the original
1869:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:"About IUCN"
1821:
1812:
1804:
1789:
1775:
1756:
1751:
1712:
1701:
1698:Publications
1684:greenwashing
1669:
1665:
1638:
1618:
1614:
1603:
1583:
1568:Bruno Oberle
1415:Hugh Elliott
1321:Ashok Khosla
1147:Bruno Oberle
1105:Hugh Elliott
1058:Bruno Oberle
1055:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1023:
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951:
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875:
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843:
825:
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766:Current work
762:
735:
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643:
628:
619:
608:Please help
603:verification
600:
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350:Lake Success
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280:
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266:biodiversity
251:
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231:
202:
198:
196:
106:Area served
94:Headquarters
88:biodiversity
29:
3592:Shigeru Ban
3582:José Andrés
3445:Edward Said
3380:1995: H.M.
3341:Communities
3289:for Concord
3091:Sierra Club
2889:17 November
2818:12 December
2700:12 December
2696:. UCLouvain
2647:22 December
2571:15 February
2561:"President"
2545:22 December
2480:8 September
2349:18 November
2323:26 December
2039:28 November
1845:17 November
1692:South Korea
1688:Jeju Island
1451:David Munro
1427:Joe Berwick
1308:Valli Moosa
1283:Jay D. Hair
1020:Secretariat
974:Commissions
924:on natural
716:adopts the
357:Resources.
161:Employees
142:(President)
3623:Categories
3475:Yad Vashem
3455:2004: The
3139:Key topics
3041:Greenpeace
2840:28 January
2432:4 December
2262:4 December
2207:2 February
2102:5 December
2092:Worldwatch
2069:5 December
1987:5 December
1880:2 December
1767:References
1718:, held in
1546:2015–2019
1533:2007–2014
1513:2001–2006
1502:1999–2001
1491:1994–1999
1478:1988–1994
1467:1983–1988
1454:1980–1982
1443:1977–1980
1430:1970–1976
1419:1966–1970
1406:1963–1966
1395:1961–1962
1384:1959–1960
1371:1955–1958
1360:1948–1955
1325:2012–2021
1312:2008–2012
1299:2004–2008
1286:1996–2004
1275:1994–1996
1262:1990–1994
1249:1984–1990
1236:1978–1984
1225:1972–1978
1212:1966–1972
1201:1963–1966
1188:1958–1963
1184:Roger Heim
1175:1954–1958
1164:1948–1954
1037:Governance
1000:extinction
916:, and the
880:and other
836:Deploying
781:ecosystems
662:1961: The
354:pesticides
126:Key people
57:1948-10-05
3382:Hussein I
3339:Sephardic
2758:0261-3077
2597:24 August
1722:in 2010.
1676:Coca-Cola
1635:Criticism
1600:Influence
537:in 2007.
252:IUCN has
151:Revenue
116:Members
110:Worldwide
3584:and the
3576:COVID-19
3244:Category
3188:30 by 30
3171:activism
3081:Panthera
2671:WiseGeek
2620:Archived
2506:21 March
2401:Archived
2013:Archived
1914:26 March
1797:Archived
1726:See also
1651:and the
1623:and the
968:Ashgabat
869:and the
730:and the
705:and the
582:Timeline
346:Brussels
272:and the
254:observer
227:analysis
205:) is an
65:, France
3209:Related
2788:20 June
2763:20 June
2730:20 June
2232:1 April
1818:"About"
1680:Vietnam
1580:Funding
948:Members
863:habitat
813:species
569:seawall
291:History
260:at the
170:Website
55: (
47:Founded
3602:2024:
3596:2023:
3590:2022:
3580:2021:
3570:Gdańsk
3562:2018:
3556:2017:
3550:2016:
3544:2015:
3515:2014:
3509:2013:
3503:2012:
3497:2011:
3491:2010:
3487:Berlin
3479:2008:
3473:2007:
3469:UNICEF
3467:2006:
3461:2005:
3449:2003:
3439:2002:
3433:2001:
3423:2000:
3417:1999:
3393:1997:
3387:1996:
3366:1994:
3360:1993:
3354:1992:
3344:1991:
3337:1990:
3331:1989:
3321:1988:
3315:1987:
3309:1986:
3183:marine
2836:. IUCN
2756:
2643:. IUCN
2458:4 July
2422:UNESCO
2375:4 July
2293:4 July
2181:4 July
2149:
1954:
1841:. IUCN
961:Soviet
922:UNESCO
886:oceans
797:marine
793:gender
406:Morges
310:UNESCO
2861:(PDF)
2694:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2404:(PDF)
2397:(PDF)
2016:(PDF)
2009:(PDF)
1743:Notes
1720:Japan
1672:Shell
1647:from
1570:
964:stamp
914:CITES
801:polar
685:CITES
437:CITES
247:Gland
177:.iucn
120:1,400
98:Gland
80:Focus
3443:and
3427:and
3411:and
3397:and
3374:and
3348:and
3325:and
2891:2014
2842:2012
2820:2014
2790:2017
2765:2017
2754:ISSN
2732:2017
2720:IUCN
2702:2014
2649:2014
2599:2019
2591:IUCN
2573:2022
2565:IUCN
2547:2014
2540:IUCN
2508:2016
2482:2010
2460:2017
2452:IUCN
2434:2014
2377:2017
2369:IUCN
2351:2014
2325:2014
2313:IUCN
2295:2017
2287:IUCN
2264:2014
2252:IUCN
2234:2023
2209:2022
2183:2017
2147:ISBN
2104:2014
2071:2014
2041:2014
2034:IUCN
1989:2014
1952:ISBN
1916:2018
1882:2014
1847:2014
1823:day.
1805:IUCN
1041:The
888:and
799:and
451:UNEP
420:NGOs
256:and
225:and
213:and
203:IUCN
197:The
179:.org
70:Type
2139:doi
1678:in
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612:by
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175:www
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