206:, excited a strong sensation in the trade, by announcing a new method of spinning flax, by which much finer and better yarn was produced, than by any other process previously adopted. He announced this invention not only as new, but as his own; the results of his experiments were published in many provincial and London papers; and he granted to several flax-spinners, the right of using his invention, for which he obtained a patent. The public will now hear, perhaps with some astonishment, that all this noise was made for a discovery long since published on the continent, and even patented in England twelve years ago. This new process of spinning, announced by Mr. Kay, is the same which I invented fourteen years since, and which is established, with great success, in France, Saxony, and Germany. A patent was taken out in England, in the month of May, 1815, by my partners in Paris, Messers. Cachard and Lanthois, in the name of Mr. Horace Hall.
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152:, which is passed between three pairs of rollers, each pair rotating slightly faster than the previous one. In this way it is reduced in thickness and increased in length before a strengthening twist is added by a bobbin-and-flyer mechanism. The spacing of the rollers has to be slightly greater than the fiber length to prevent breakage. The nip of the roller pairs prevents the twist from backing up to the roving.
185:. His inventions were also patented in England in 1815, in the name of Horace Hall. Little is known about Horace Hall, it is a possible pseudonym. Undoubtedly if he had taken out his patent in England in 1815, the year of the
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In the
British Isles, James Kay was initially credited with the invention of this device. On 2 December 1826 shortly after Kay's patent was awarded, Philippe Henri de Girard wrote to the Editor of
1314:
98:(patented in 1769). Mechanisms had increased production of yarn so dramatically that by 1830 the cottage yarn industry in England could no longer compete and all spinning was carried out in
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expanded its markets and adopted faster machines, yarn supplies became scarce especially due to innovations such as the doubling of the loom speed after the invention of the
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Too large to be operated by hand, the spinning frame needed a new source of power. Arkwright experimented with horses, but decided to employ the power of the
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174:) threads. The jennies required skill but were inexpensive and could be used in a home. The spinning frames required capital but little skill.
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Kay's patent was invalidated, in 1839, on the grounds it was too similar to Horace Hall's; A decision upheld on appeal, in 1841.
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threads that bound cloth together, while hand powered jennies provided the weaker yarn used for the horizontal filler (
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for spinning thread or yarn from fibres such as wool or cotton in a mechanized way. It was developed in 18th-century
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to produce a new spinning machine that Kay had worked on with (or possibly stolen from) another inventor named
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complaining about and pointing out he had been the inventor. The following is an extract from his letter:
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For some time, the stronger yarn produced by the spinning frame was used in looms for the lengthwise
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in 1764, followed closely by the invention of the spinning frame, later developed into the
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The roller spinning process starts with a thick 'string' of loose fibres called a
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Amalgamated
Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)
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In 1760 England, yarn production from wool, flax and cotton was still a
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Industrial
Revolution invention for spinning thread in a mechanized way
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General Union of
Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association
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James Kay of Turton Tower: Inventor and Flax
Spinner (1774-1857)
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patented spinning frames for both the dry and wet spinning of
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265:. Vol. 1. London: G.G. and J. Robinson. pp. 391–2.
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1330:
North East
Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association
121:. With the help of other local craftsmen, including
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66:
Textile manufacture during the
Industrial Revolution
380:
on
Arkwright, showing his links with Kay and Highs.
277:
90:. High demand for yarn spurred invention of the
1561:
1295:Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association
349:
308:
226:
672:
399:
202:A few months ago, a gentleman of the name of
825:B. Hick and Sons / Hick, Hargreaves & Co
280:An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology
260:
1345:United Textile Factory Workers' Association
1335:Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation
679:
665:
406:
392:
269:
320:
240:"Thomas Highs and his spinning machines"
25:
1562:
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261:Aikin, John; Enfield, William (1799).
865:Yates & Thom / Yates of Blackburn
686:
660:
387:
232:
159:, which gave the invention the name '
59:
13:
1300:Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union
845:William Roberts & Co of Nelson
14:
1601:
1320:General Union of Loom Overlookers
371:
366:. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
1590:Industrial Revolution in England
1305:Amalgamated Weavers' Association
743:
477:
1585:History of the textile industry
735:Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)
343:
1163:Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust
360:The Skilled Labourer 1760–1832
314:
284:. London: Routledge. pp.
254:
141:to stretch, or attenuate, the
105:
1:
1138:Lancashire Cotton Corporation
1112:Thomas Whitehead and Brothers
815:W & J Galloway & Sons
916:John Hetherington & Sons
800:Clayton, Goodfellow & Co
413:
246:. 2006-10-10. Archived from
7:
901:Butterworth & Dickinson
325:. Independently published.
10:
1606:
1133:Fine Spinners and Doublers
741:
321:Horrocks, Richard (2020).
309:Hammond & Hammond 1919
227:Hammond & Hammond 1919
133:. The frame utilised the
63:
18:
1544:John Kay (spinning frame)
1539:John Kay (flying shuttle)
1506:
1470:
1384:
1353:
1277:
1184:Cotton-spinning machinery
1171:
1120:
999:
956:Parr, Curtis & Madely
906:Curtis, Parr & Walton
888:
785:Browett, Lindley & Co
752:
697:
586:Cotton-spinning machinery
578:
532:
486:
475:
421:
78:and spun by hand using a
981:Textile Machinery Makers
961:British Northrop Loom Co
880:Woolstenhulmes & Rye
830:John Musgrave & Sons
710:Bradshaw Gass & Hope
213:
179:Philippe Henri de Girard
19:Not to be confused with
1498:Quarry Bank Mill, Styal
1158:James Burton & Sons
1148:Combined Egyptian Mills
986:Tweedales & Smalley
195:The Manchester Guardian
1194:Magnetic ring spinning
1189:DREF friction spinning
870:Willans & Robinson
775:Bateman & Sherratt
606:Magnetic ring spinning
601:DREF friction spinning
208:
30:
1371:Mule spinners' cancer
1340:The Textile Institute
1310:Cardroom Amalgamation
1179:Textile manufacturing
991:T. Wildman & Sons
976:Taylor, Lang & Co
936:Howard & Bullough
926:John Pilling and Sons
860:Urmson & Thompson
770:Ashworth & Parker
611:Mule spinners' cancer
200:
74:in which fibres were
39:Industrial Revolution
29:
1354:Employment practices
1172:Industrial processes
790:Buckley & Taylor
715:F.W. Dixon & Son
646:Wool combing machine
276:McNeil, Ian (1990).
1366:Kissing the shuttle
1143:Bagley & Wright
1082:George Augustus Lee
1072:William Houldsworth
1042:Nathaniel Eckersley
911:Dobson & Barlow
855:Scott & Hodgson
820:Benjamin Goodfellow
805:Earnshaw & Holt
579:Industrial spinning
533:Hand spinning tools
1580:English inventions
1022:Hugh Hornby Birley
966:Pemberton & Co
951:Mather & Platt
931:Harling & Todd
896:Brooks & Doxey
840:Petrie of Rochdale
835:J & W McNaught
780:Boulton & Watt
187:Battle of Waterloo
60:Historical context
31:
1570:Textile machinery
1557:
1556:
1514:Richard Arkwright
1493:Weavers' Triangle
1488:Queen Street Mill
1269:Lancashire boiler
1199:Open-end spinning
1121:Limited companies
1087:Charles Macintosh
1027:Joseph Brotherton
654:
653:
596:Open-end spinning
263:General Biography
111:Richard Arkwright
50:Richard Arkwright
1597:
1529:James Hargreaves
1427:Oldham (borough)
1037:Peter Drinkwater
1007:Elkanah Armitage
889:Machinery makers
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570:Spinner's weasel
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355:Hammond, Barbara
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131:James Hargreaves
84:textile industry
72:cottage industry
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1519:Samuel Crompton
1502:
1483:Helmshore Mills
1466:
1380:
1376:Piece-rate list
1349:
1273:
1244:Lancashire Loom
1167:
1128:Oldham Limiteds
1116:
1067:Richard Howarth
995:
941:Geo. Hattersley
884:
748:
739:
705:David Bellhouse
693:
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616:Piece-rate list
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1385:Lists of mills
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971:Platt Brothers
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921:Joseph Hibbert
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875:J & E Wood
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730:Stott and Sons
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636:Throstle frame
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626:Spinning jenny
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621:Spinning frame
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565:Spinning wheel
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372:External links
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351:Hammond, J. L.
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332:979-8651909896
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250:on 2008-05-14.
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127:spinning jenny
123:Peter Atherton
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92:spinning jenny
88:flying shuttle
80:spinning wheel
64:Main article:
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35:spinning frame
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1219:Spinning mule
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1204:Ring spinning
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795:Carels Frères
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753:Engine makers
751:
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631:Spinning mule
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591:Ring spinning
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540:Hand spinning
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1534:Thomas Highs
1278:Associations
1254:Air-jet loom
1239:Roberts Loom
1208:
1107:John Rylands
1077:John Kennedy
1052:William Gray
1047:John Fielden
1032:James Burton
850:George Saxon
765:Ashton Frost
720:Edward Potts
620:
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248:the original
244:Cotton Times
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137:invented by
135:draw rollers
129:invented by
119:Thomas Highs
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1549:Robert Owen
1259:Rapier loom
1234:Water frame
1102:Robert Peel
1062:Samuel Greg
1057:Hannah Greg
1017:Hugh Birley
1000:Mill owners
641:Water frame
550:Niddy noddy
177:In France,
161:water frame
157:water wheel
106:Development
96:water frame
1564:Categories
1422:Manchester
1417:Lancashire
1412:Derbyshire
1361:More looms
1264:Dandy loom
1153:Courtaulds
1092:Hugh Mason
698:Architects
688:Lancashire
555:Nostepinne
519:Short draw
487:Techniques
295:0415147921
139:Lewis Paul
82:. As the
21:Spin frame
1462:Yorkshire
1447:Stockport
1392:LCC mills
810:Fairbairn
514:Scutching
509:Long draw
422:Materials
113:employed
100:factories
42:invention
1575:Spinning
1507:Pioneers
1452:Tameside
1437:Rochdale
1407:Cheshire
1229:Steaming
946:Asa Lees
504:Heckling
415:Spinning
357:(1919).
115:John Kay
54:John Kay
1471:Museums
1442:Salford
1432:Preston
1224:Carding
560:Spindle
545:Distaff
499:Combing
494:Carding
469:Worsted
46:Britain
1397:Bolton
691:cotton
464:Woolen
449:Staple
444:Sliver
439:Roving
329:
292:
150:roving
76:carded
37:is an
1457:Wigan
725:Stott
434:Rolag
378:Essay
364:(PDF)
214:Notes
1402:Bury
429:Noil
327:ISBN
290:ISBN
183:flax
172:weft
168:warp
143:yarn
52:and
33:The
459:Tow
454:Top
286:827
204:Kay
163:'.
48:by
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680:e
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