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accustomed to flying in the rear cockpit of mail planes with mail bags in the front. When he wanted to see forward, he would slightly yaw the aircraft and look out the side. To provide some forward vision as a precaution against hitting ship masts, trees, or structures while flying at low altitude, a Ryan employee who had served in the submarine service installed a periscope which
Lindbergh helped design. It is unclear whether the periscope was used during the flight. The instrument panel housed fuel pressure, oil pressure and temperature gauges, a clock, altimeter, tachometer, airspeed indicator, bank and turn indicator, and a liquid magnetic compass. The main compass was mounted behind Lindbergh in the cockpit, and he read it using the mirror from a women's makeup case which was mounted to the ceiling using chewing gum. Lindbergh also installed a newly developed
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1805:"Made in Grand Rapids" is the tag on the material forming the important structural part of the "Spirit of St. Louis," the airplane which Col. Charles Augustus Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris. The backbone of this monoplane, which made the 3,600-mile non-stop voyage across the Atlantic, was formed from haskelite plywood, made at the large plant of the Haskelite Manufacturing Corporation, 1850–1950 Broadway Avenue, NW. In the Lindbergh plane the cabin, wing ribs, wing beams, leading edges and practically all parts of the ship in which plywood was used were of haskelite.
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991:(1925–1993). The reproduction project had been started by Cole before his own death and has mostly been subsequently built by former ORA pilot and current vintage aircraft maintenance manager Ken Cassens, receiving its wing covering, completed with doped fabric in 2015. A restored Wright J-5 Whirlwind radial was obtained by Palen in the 1970s for the project's start, with original, and still-functional 1920s-era flight instruments being incorporated — including the same basic type of
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in five fuel tanks, a forward tank – 88 U.S. gal (330 L; 73 imp gal), the main – 209 U.S. gal (790 L; 174 imp gal), and three wing tanks – total of 153 U.S. gal (580 L; 127 imp gal). Lindbergh modified the design of the plane's "trombone struts" attached to the landing gear to provide a wider wheelbase in order to accommodate the weight of the fuel.
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airmail pilot, he refused to carry souvenir letters on the transatlantic journey, insisting that every spare ounce be devoted to fuel. The fuselage was made of treated fabric over a metal tube frame, while the wings were made of fabric over a wood frame. The plywood material that was used to build most of
Lindbergh's plane was made at the Haskelite Manufacturing Corporation in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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original silver appearance when the aircraft was to be taken down for conservation, but later decided that the golden hue on the engine cowling will remain, as it is part of the aircraft's natural state after acquisition and during its years on display. The effort to preserve artifacts is not to alter them but to maintain them as much as possible in the state in which the
Smithsonian acquired them.
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elements into its overall flight characteristics. There is a dispute regarding whether Hall and
Lindbergh also preferred this design because they anticipated that the continuous corrections to the random movements of the aircraft would help to keep Lindbergh awake during the estimated 40-hour flight.
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to commemorate the 50th anniversary of
Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic Ocean and subsequent tour of the United States. This example is now on display in the main museum gallery. A second reproduction, started from scratch in 1977 and first flown in November 1990, continues to fly at air shows
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purchased a
Mahoney Ryan B-1 Brougham (NC3009) with money from his wife, naming the plane the "Spirit of San Diego." In the aftermath of the media exposure surrounding Lindbergh's transatlantic flight, he flew to Washington with his wife on board to greet the triumphant Lindbergh. Due to the ensuing
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radial engine provided the best chance of success. The Ryan NYP had a total fuel capacity of 450 U.S. gallons (1,700 L; 370 imp gal) or 2,710 pounds (1,230 kg) of gasoline, which was necessary in order to have the range to make the anticipated flight non-stop. The fuel was stored
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reproduction ever built. With the intention of creating a copy of the aircraft "as it sits now," with all the patches, updates or modifications recreated in pains-taking detail and the added bonus of being airworthy Norman completed the project in 2019. The maiden flight was performed July 28, 2019
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in just 60 days. Although what was actually paid to Ryan
Airlines for the project is not clear, Mahoney agreed to build the plane for $ 6,000 and said that there would be no profit; he offered an engine, instruments, etc. at cost. After first approaching several major aircraft manufacturers without
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Retrieved: September 27, 2010. "Caption: Photographed a couple of seconds before the aircraft broke up and fell out of the sky. The wing folded upwards and the aircraft broke into pieces just as it reached the end of the runway. This aircraft was a replica in which
Charles Lindbergh made his first
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decided that the empennage (tail assembly) and wing control surfaces would not be altered from his original Ryan M-2 design, thus minimizing redesign time that was not available without delaying the flight. The result was less aerodynamic stability; nevertheless, the experienced
Lindbergh approved
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Lindbergh sat in a cramped cockpit which was 36 in × 32 in × 52 in (91 cm × 81 cm × 132 cm) in width, length, and height. It was so small, Lindbergh could not stretch his legs, nevertheless it was to be his home for nearly two days and nights over
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Lindbergh was convinced: "I believe in Hall's ability; I like
Mahoney's enthusiasm. I have confidence in the character of the workmen I've met." He then went to the airfield to familiarize himself with a Ryan aircraft, either an M-1 or an M-2, then telegraphed his St. Louis backers and recommended
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Mahoney was away from the factory, but Ryan answered, "Can build plane similar M-1 but larger wings... delivery about three months." Lindbergh wired back that due to competition, delivery in less than three months was essential. Many years later, John Vanderlinde, chief mechanic of Ryan Airlines,
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The "History Detectives" (Season 3, Episode 1; Season 4, Episode 5) PBS program confirms through three documents and interviews of several experts that the uncle of two brothers, now in possession of the letter (image on first reference), did indeed build the J5 rotary aeronautical engine of the
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to the forward panels in an attempt to preserve the flags and other artwork painted on the engine cowling. This protective coating has yellowed with age, resulting in the golden hue seen today. Smithsonian officials at some point planned to remove the varnish and restore the nose panels to their
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Lindbergh also insisted that unnecessary weight be eliminated, even going so far as to cut the top and bottom off of his flight map. He carried no radio in order to save weight and because the radios of the period were unreliable and difficult to use while flying solo. Also, although he was an
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Lindbergh's New York-to-Paris flight made him an instant celebrity and media star. In winning the Orteig Prize, Lindbergh stirred the public's imagination. He wrote: "I was astonished at the effect my successful landing in France had on the nations of the world. It was like a match lighting a
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and reduced the risk of the pilot being crushed to death between the main tank and the engine in the event of a crash. This design decision meant that there could be no front windshield, and that forward visibility would be limited to the side windows. This did not concern Lindbergh as he was
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Direct correspondence with Dr. F. Robert van der Linden, Chairman, Aeronautics Division at the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution in response to a direct inquiry to their Archives department about this matter. Dr. van der Linden is the curator responsible for the
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The engine was built at Wright Aeronautical in Paterson, New Jersey, by a 24-year-old engine builder, Tom Rutledge, who was disappointed that he was assigned to the unknown aviator, Lindbergh. Four days after the flight, he received a letter of congratulations from the Wright management.
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in May 1928, we sought to preserve the markings by applying a clear coat of varnish or shellac. Unfortunately, over the years, this coating has yellowed with age. While it has taken on a beautiful golden hue, the color is wrong. The aluminum cowling should be in its natural silver
976:(Registration ES-XCL), which had been built and certified in Estonia in 1997, was written off on May 31, 2003. Shortly after takeoff at an air show in Coventry, England, structural failure occurred, resulting in a fatal crash, killing its owner-pilot, Captain Pierre Holländer.
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Even though the airframe only had 191 total hours, the accident investigation revealed the cause of the crash to be a metal fatigue failure of the starboard wing's "wishbone" strut resulting from a faulty weld. Captain Pierre Holländer was a veteran (22,000+ hours) Swedish
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60 days after Lindbergh arrived in San Diego. Powered by a Wright Whirlwind J-5C 223-hp radial engine, it had a 14 m (46-foot) wingspan, 3 m (10 ft) longer than the M-1, to accommodate the heavy load of 1,610 L (425 gal) of fuel. In his 1927 book
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appears today much as it appeared on its accession into the Smithsonian collection in 1928, except that the gold color of the aircraft's aluminum nose panels is an artifact of well-intended early conservation efforts: Not long after the museum took possession of the
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Lindbergh arrived in San Diego on February 23 and toured the factory with Mahoney, meeting Bowlus, chief engineer Donald Hall, and sales manager A. J. Edwards. After further discussions between Mahoney, Hall and Lindbergh, Mahoney offered to build the
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mailplane, the main difference being the NYP's 4,000-mile (6,400 km) range. As a nonstandard design, the government assigned it the registration number N-X-211 (for "experimental"). Hall documented his design in "Engineering Data on the
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In 2015 the aircraft was lowered to the floor of the museum's Milestone's gallery, and the tires were temporarily replaced with "forklift" style tires. This was done to preserve the Spirit's original tires which, due to age and lessening of
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during his 3-month tour of the US, he allowed Major Thomas Lamphier (Commander of the 1st Pursuit Squadron, Selfridge Field) and Lieutenant Philip R. Love (classmate in flight school and colleague of Lindbergh's in the airmail service of
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employees who designed and built it. It was meant as a message of good luck prior to Lindbergh's solo Atlantic crossing as the symbol was often used as a popular good luck charm with early aviators and others. The inside of the original
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in 1925 and Ryan remained with the company after Mahoney bought out his interest in 1926, although there is some dispute as to how involved Ryan may have been in its management after selling his share. It is known, however, that
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in Paris, France, a distance of approximately 3,600 miles (5,800 km). He also flew this aircraft on numerous occasions, delivering mail in and out of the United States. One of the best-known aircraft in the world, the
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located in Garden City, Long Island, New York, not far from the site of Roosevelt Field from which the original departed in 1927. According to information at the Henry Ford Museum, their copy (B-156) was actually owned by
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emerged as a five-seater with the same J-5 engine but modified with a conventional cockpit layout and a shorter wingspan. Under the newly restructured B.F. Mahoney Company, further development continued with the six-place
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solo transatlantic crossing from New York to Paris on the 20th/21st May 1927. The Ryan monoplane was named 'Spirit of St Louis' and was to be the star of the air show. The pilot was killed. Our thoughts go to his family."
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Whether or not the unstable design was deliberately retained to help fight fatigue, Lindbergh did later write how these random unanticipated movements helped keep him awake at various times during the flight. The stiff
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At Lindbergh's request, the large main and forward fuel tanks were placed in the forward section of the fuselage, in front of the pilot, with the oil tank acting as a firewall. This arrangement improved the
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was retired in April 1928, the Mahoney Aircraft Corporation presented Lindbergh with a Mahoney Ryan B-1 "Brougham". In 1928, Mahoney built a B-1X (NX4215) as a gift for Charles Lindbergh.
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is a golden color because of a well-intentioned but mistaken attempt by us to preserve the markings on the cowling. We don’t know exactly when, but soon after the Smithsonian acquired the
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publicity, Hawks was hired by the Ryan Aircraft company to be its official representative. Hawks went on to tour the country, selling rides in the aircraft "like Lindy flew."
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was powered by a 223 hp (166 kW), air-cooled, nine-cylinder Wright J-5C Whirlwind radial engine, by most accounts an exceptionally engineered powerplant by engineer
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Lindbergh believed that multiple engines resulted in a greater risk of failure while a single-engine design would give him greater range. To increase fuel efficiency, the
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recalled, "But nothing fazed B.F. Mahoney, the young sportsman who had just bought Ryan." Mahoney telegraphed Lindbergh back the same day: "Can complete in two months."
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in Eden Prairie, MN. In 1999, the San Diego Air & Space Museum built a non-flying example that was fitted with an original Wright J-5 engine. It is on display at
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for ten minutes each on July 1 and August 8, 1927, respectively. These two are apparently the only persons other than Lindbergh who ever piloted the
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over a map of its flight from New York to Paris, and which was also the first stamp issued by the post office that bore the name of a living person.
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918:(formerly San Diego Aerospace Museum) and placed on public display until it was destroyed by arson in 1978. The museum built a replacement named
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of Ryan Airlines and named the "Spirit of St. Louis" in honor of Lindbergh's supporters from the St. Louis Raquette Club in his then hometown of
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In late 2021, a documentary feature film centered on the project and its builder began production. A tentative summer 2023 release is expected.
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This reproduction aircraft successfully flew in early December 2015 in upstate New York, piloted by aircraft restorer/builder Ken Cassens of
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for the first nonstop flight between New York and Paris. Hall and Ryan Airlines staff worked closely with Lindbergh to design and build the
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was removed from display and was flown as a 75th Anniversary tribute to Lindbergh. The aircraft is now on display in the museum's rotunda.
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at Rantoul, Illinois also has a static reproduction built by museum volunteers. Two reproductions are also found in Germany, one at the
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One year and two days after making their first flight at Dutch Flats in San Diego, California, on April 28, 1927, Lindbergh and the
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Although Ryan capitalized on the notoriety of the NYP special, further developments were only superficially comparable to the
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Mahoney lived up to his commitment. Working exclusively on the aircraft and closely with Lindbergh, the staff completed the
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success, in early February 1927 Lindbergh, who as a U.S. Air Mail pilot was familiar with the good record of the M-1 with
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for $ 10,580, restating his commitment to deliver it in 60 days. Lindbergh contributed $ 2,000 toward the cost of the
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and Lindbergh's transatlantic flight, technical details of the aircraft, and a pilot's narrative of flying a replica.
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was the factory manager who oversaw construction of the Ryan NYP, and that Mahoney was the sole owner at the time of
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seat in the cockpit was also purposely uncomfortable, although custom-fitted to Lindbergh's tall and lanky frame.
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made by the Pioneer Instrument Company which allowed him to more accurately navigate while taking account of the
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origins) was a widely used symbol of good luck and was not yet associated in the United States with the German
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which first flew on April 28, 1979; it made seven flights before being placed on display. In August 2003, the
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1006:. The aircraft made its public debut flight on May 21, 2016, the 89th anniversary of Lindbergh's flight.
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of the earth. Lindbergh's ultimate arrival in Ireland deviated from his flight plan by just a few miles.
1660:"B.F. Mahoney was the 'mystery man' behind the Ryan company that built Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis".
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Rocketeers: How a Visionary Band of Business Leaders, Engineers, and Pilots is Boldly Privatizing Space
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and the public debut flight was September 8, piloted by John's friend and seasoned pilot, Ron Fowler.
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and commemorative events. Both of the EAA reproductions were registered under the original's N-X-211.
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Washington, DC: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, July 1927. Retrieved: May 18, 2007.
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2453:"The Spirit Flies On by Barry Schiff: Remembering the flight that changed the course of history"
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Another airworthy reproduction was built by David Cannavo and first flown in 1979, powered by a
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and achieved a number of record-breaking flights early in 1928 before a crash ended its career.
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where for more than eight decades it has been on display, hanging for 48 years (1928–76) in the
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Lindbergh believed that a flight made in a single-seat monoplane designed around the dependable
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airborne over Paris as Lindbergh leaves for Belgium, the next stop after a few days in France
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Not truly a reproduction, but the cut-away flight simulator at the History Center of the
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Technical Preparation of the Airplane "Spirit of St. Louis" N.A.C.A. Technical Note #257
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1803:(11), Grand Rapids, Michigan: Grand Rapids Association of Commerce: 11, June 18, 1927,
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The Untold Story of the Spirit of St. Louis: From the Drawing Board to the Smithsonian
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was also one of the most advanced and aerodynamically streamlined designs of its era.
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The Mahoney Ryan B-1 "Brougham" was also used as the basis of a reproduction of the
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provides visitors with a computer-assisted experience of sitting in and flying the
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B.F. Mahoney was the "mystery man" behind the Ryan company that built Lindbergh's
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to bring them back to the United States. Arriving on June 11, Lindbergh and the
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2843:(flickr)(large detailed picture, if it won't reduce just hit 'refresh' button)
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Atlantic Fever: Lindbergh, His Competitors, and the Race to Cross the Atlantic
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Lindbergh's Transatlantic Flight: New York to Paris Timeline, May 20–21, 1927
1745:(Season 3, Episode 1; Season 4, Episode 5). PBS, first airdate: May 11, 2008.
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2721:(The Epic of Flight, v. 2). Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1980.
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Spirit and Creator: The Mysterious Man Behind Lindbergh's Flight to Paris
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The Spectacle of Flight: Aviation and the Western Imagination, 1920–1950
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On the 40th anniversary of Lindbergh's flight, a new reproduction named
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This article is about Charles Lindbergh's aircraft. For other uses, see
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Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies."
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flew together for the final time while making a hop from St. Louis to
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B.F. "Frank" Mahoney and Claude Ryan had co-founded the company as an
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9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 223 hp (166 kW)
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On the same day, the U.S Post Office issued a commemorative 10-cent
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The race to win the prize required time-saving design compromises.
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was designed and built in San Diego to compete for the $ 25,000
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on promotional and goodwill tours across the United States and
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2258:"This might be the best Spirit of St. Louis replica ever made"
2284:"Spirit of St. Louis replica to make its first public flight"
2200:"Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Spirit of St. Louis Replica Flies"
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that he had saved from his earnings as an Air Mail pilot for
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came from Lindbergh's own earnings as a U.S. Air Mail pilot (
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2609:. New Brighton, Minnesota: Flying Book International, 2002.
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Bowers, Peter M. "The Many Splendid Spirits of St. Louis."
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987:(ORA), fulfilling a lifelong dream of its primary founder,
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1937:(AP Archive), August 3, 2015. Retrieved: October 24, 2015.
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which was still a largely unknown organization outside of
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450 US gal (375 imp gal; 1,703 L)
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2336:"Look What Lindbergh Left Inside the Spirit of St. Louis"
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reproduction, intended for airworthiness is owned by the
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The Big Jump: Lindbergh and the Great Atlantic Air Race.
1968:"Charles Lindbergh and his Ryan Brougham B-1X (NX4215)."
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had made 174 flights, totaling 489:28 hours in the air.
2361:"Aircraft Restoration | JNE Aircraft, LLC | Washington"
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design that tended to randomly introduce unanticipated
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Over a period of 7 years and 3 months, John Norman of
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used by Lindbergh — matching the ones in the original
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Through the efforts of both staff and volunteers, the
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utilizing a 420 hp (310 kW) engine and the
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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100–110 mph (160–180 km/h, 87–96 kn)
1055:film by studio employees, is now on display at the
910:where it made several flights over Paris. In 1972,
864:, in St. Louis, B-156 is part of the collection at
308:aris), the single-engine monoplane was designed by
3444:Individual aircraft in the Smithsonian Institution
860:(1957) have survived with B-153 on display at the
106:1 (not including later replicas and reproductions)
2620:Daniels, C.M. "Speed: The Story of Frank Hawks."
1297:, with the Wright Whirlwind Radial engine visible
805:with the basic 220 hp (160 kW) engine.
596:
3415:
2562:Hoboken, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
2477:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2188:, December 7, 2015. Retrieved: December 7, 2015.
1945:
1943:
557:Inside of the original propeller spinner of the
2631:. Alameda, California: Nottingham Press, 1973.
2041:"Spirit of St Louis Replica Takes to the Sky."
529:the unaltered design. This setup resulted in a
476:"Spirit of St. Louis" cockpit, Washington, D.C.
2442:
2440:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
3162:
2898:
2699:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012.
2677:. Sheffield, Maryland: ATN Publishing, 2002.
1940:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1220:4,100 mi (6,600 km, 3,600 nmi)
1049:A 90% static reproduction, built in 1956 for
288:is closed for renovations until Spring 2025.
3424:1920s United States special-purpose aircraft
2459:. Archived from the original on June 7, 2002
1911:, May 20, 2015. Retrieved: October 24, 2015.
1500:During this period, the swastika (which has
1090:
1086:
1030:In 2015, with coordinated efforts by fellow
679:Over the next 10 months, Lindbergh flew the
2879:p. 93., photocopied at BarrySchiff.com
2437:
2019:
1640:
453:engine-turned finishing on the nose panels.
327:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
239:, and landed 33 hours, 30 minutes later at
3169:
3155:
2905:
2891:
2736:, Volume 55, no. 4, 2003. ISSN 0950-7434.
2692:. General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
1721:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1044:
766:
622:bonfire." Lindbergh subsequently flew the
572:was painted on the inside of the original
2428:
2162:, May 28, 2013. Retrieved: July 31, 2017.
1788:
1208:133 mph (214 km/h, 116 kn)
687:. According to the published log of the
264:, who had purchased it from its founder,
16:Monoplane flown solo by Charles Lindbergh
2333:
2173:"‘The Spirit of St. Louis’ flies again."
1407:Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown
883:
746:, conservators applied a clear layer of
626:to Belgium and England before President
600:
552:
512:
471:
436:
379:
296:Officially known as the "Ryan NYP" (for
21:The Spirit of St. Louis (disambiguation)
2833:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2809:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2800:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2783:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2774:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2732:Simpson, Rod. "Preserving the Spirit".
2526:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
2499:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2457:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2281:
2255:
1795:"Haskelite Used on Lindbergh's Plane",
1765:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
1684:
1670:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
1069:St. Louis Lambert International Airport
1067:was built in 2002 and is on display at
220:, for which Lindbergh won the $ 25,000
3416:
2690:The Making of the Great Aviation Films
2334:Magazine, Smithsonian; Goss, Heather.
1556:Schiff's article gives history of the
517:Sample of the treated fabric from the
417:the deal, which was quickly approved.
3150:
2912:
2886:
2587:Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 2007.
2517:
2486:, May 2002. Retrieved: May 18, 2007 (
2282:Podsada, Janice (September 7, 2019).
1654:
1652:
1241:0.0435 hp/lb (0.0715 kW/kg)
828:
730:. At the time of its retirement, the
2523:
2404:"Charles Lindbergh House and Museum"
2212:from the original on August 18, 2016
2197:
1402:Charles Lindbergh in popular culture
1232:16 lb/sq ft (78 kg/m)
260:, owned and operated at the time by
50:at the National Air and Space Museum
3072:Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)
2536:from the original on March 26, 2019
2416:from the original on August 5, 2017
2256:Podsada, Janice (August 11, 2019).
1022:crafted to-date the most authentic
617:; issued June 11, 1927. (Scott C10)
13:
2492:
2450:
2198:Pope, Stephen (December 8, 2015).
1845:"The Bold Victory of a Man Alone".
1748:
1733:"Investigations: Lindbergh Engine"
1649:
1622:"Barron Hilton Pioneers of Flight"
1593:from the original on July 15, 2017
1537:Charles A. Lindbergh Historic Site
1132:9 ft 10 in (3.00 m)
1120:27 ft 7 in (8.41 m)
957:engine. In 1995, it was bought by
937:produced two reproductions of the
902:was built by a movie stunt pilot,
14:
3470:
2760:
2505:from the original on June 7, 2002
2148:"Ryan NYP – Spirit of St. Louis."
2133:Coventry, England, May 31, 2003.
2079:"Pilot killed in air show crash."
931:Experimental Aircraft Association
850:All three reproductions from the
771:NYP-2, an exact duplicate of the
570:left-facing Indian-style swastika
2124:"Ryan NYP (Replica) - Untitled".
1377:
1362:
1347:
1332:
1317:
1302:
1286:
1271:
1252:
1034:researcher Ty Sundstrom and the
916:San Diego Air & Space Museum
823:
580:along with the names of all the
411:Spirit of St. Louis Organization
409:. The rest was provided by the
197:flew on May 20–21, 1927, on the
40:
3459:Single-engined tractor aircraft
3110:The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh
3032:Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh
2624:, Vol. 6, No. 2, December 1969.
2551:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2353:
2327:
2301:
2275:
2249:
2224:
2191:
2165:
2141:
2116:
2094:
2072:
2048:
2035:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1961:
1952:
1914:
1888:
1860:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1779:
1770:
1550:
1529:
1515:
1494:
1480:
1389:San Diego International Airport
1138:320 sq ft (30 m)
1077:Frankfurt International Airport
1073:Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum
1063:. A static reproduction of the
1061:San Diego International Airport
1036:National Air & Space Museum
914:was bought for $ 50,000 by the
272:is on permanent display at the
2602:, Volume 20, No. 6, June 1967.
2488:photocopied at BarrySchiff.com
2384:Cassagneres 2002, pp. 143–145.
2007:Cassagneres 2002, pp. 142–143.
1712:
1675:
1614:
1605:
1581:"Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis"
1573:
1226:16,400 ft (5,000 m)
694:Robertson Aircraft Corporation
597:Later history and conservation
407:Robertson Aircraft Corporation
291:
1:
3102:The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case
2814:"Lindbergh's Great Partner",
2805:Raymond Orteig-$ 25,000 prize
2629:The Ford Air Tours: 1925–1931
1586:National Air and Space Museum
1468:
1265:National Air and Space Museum
1167:5,135 lb (2,329 kg)
1161:2,888 lb (1,310 kg)
1057:Wings of the North Air Museum
591:National Air and Space Museum
325:", which he prepared for the
278:National Air and Space Museum
172:National Air and Space Museum
3454:Aircraft first flown in 1927
2714:. New York: Scribners, 1953.
2646:. New York: Harcourt, 1980.
2409:Minnesota Historical Society
1857:(Books), September 13, 1953.
1834:Lindbergh 1953, pp. 455-456.
1825:Lindbergh 1927, pp. 267–268.
1567:
720:Arts and Industries Building
384:Part of the funding for the
7:
3086:The Flight Across the Ocean
2055:"1927 Spirit of St. Louis".
1672:. Retrieved: July 31, 2017.
1665:September 15, 2008, at the
1395:
1193:fixed pitch metal propeller
1155:2,150 lb (975 kg)
1010:JNE Aircraft's reproduction
872:, and B-159 belongs to the
808:Shortly after the original
10:
3475:
2743:. New Haven, Connecticut:
2734:Air-Britain Aviation World
2309:"Living History: Ryan NYP"
2178:December 10, 2015, at the
1767:. Retrieved: May 11, 2008.
1611:Jackson 2012, pp. 512–516.
1245:
663:Distinguished Flying Cross
227:Lindbergh took off in the
18:
3380:
3360:
3324:
3283:
3262:
3241:
3185:
3058:
2994:
2953:
2920:
2393:Cassagneres 2002, p. 146.
2069:Retrieved: July 31, 2017.
2016:Cassagneres 2002, p. 143.
1958:Cassagneres 2002, p. 140.
1871:. His response verbatim:
1850:December 1, 2016, at the
1646:Belfiore 2007, pp. 15–17.
1087:Specifications (Ryan NYP)
874:Cradle of Aviation Museum
432:
262:Benjamin Franklin Mahoney
167:
157:
149:
141:
136:
128:
120:
110:
102:
92:
80:
68:
60:
55:
39:
30:
3134:The Plot Against America
3126:The Plot Against America
3038:Charles August Lindbergh
2111:Civil Aviation Authority
1978:DigitalimageServices.com
1909:Air & Space magazine
1776:Cassagneres 2002, p. 44.
1697:"How Lindy Did the Hop".
1473:
1081:Luftfahrtmuseum Hannover
1079:with the second in the "
3094:The Spirit of St. Louis
2984:Autobiography of Values
2976:The Spirit of St. Louis
2839:The Spirit of St. Louis
2666:April 11, 2007, at the
2530:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
2159:Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
2153:August 1, 2017, at the
2060:August 1, 2017, at the
1930:March 12, 2016, at the
1895:"An Inside Look at the
1785:Lindbergh 1953, p. 362.
1541:Little Falls, Minnesota
1105:General characteristics
1045:Static display examples
985:Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
862:Missouri History Museum
767:Further developed types
716:Smithsonian Institution
611:Capt. Charles Lindbergh
335:The Spirit of St. Louis
274:Smithsonian Institution
3381:Experimental/ Research
2865:"The Spirit Flies On,"
2848:"Doing the Lindy Hop".
2710:Lindbergh, Charles A.
2186:Minnesota Public Radio
2129:March 4, 2016, at the
2106:June 25, 2008, at the
1973:March 9, 2009, at the
1904:March 4, 2016, at the
1885:
1797:Grand Rapids Spectator
1339:Under the tail of the
1126:46 ft (14 m)
1095:
1052:The Spirit of St Louis
993:earth inductor compass
972:A reproduction of the
895:
857:The Spirit of St Louis
618:
561:
521:
488:Earth Inductor Compass
477:
454:
393:
3177:Aircraft produced by
3002:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
2745:Yale University Press
2583:May 15, 2015, at the
2084:May 28, 2006, at the
1872:
1760:May 12, 2008, at the
1738:May 23, 2018, at the
1702:May 23, 2018, at the
1181:Wright J-5C Whirlwind
1094:
1004:Stone Ridge, New York
979:A recently completed
887:
792:. An offshoot of the
643:were escorted up the
604:
589:can be viewed at the
556:
516:
475:
440:
392:, 1927 RAC paycheck).
383:
371:Pacific Air Transport
237:Garden City, New York
132:489 hours, 28 minutes
3449:Transatlantic flight
3439:History of San Diego
3050:Lindbergh kidnapping
2340:Smithsonian Magazine
2113:, February 12, 2004.
2045:, April 1991, p. 24.
2032:Simpson 2003, p. 66.
1998:Daniels 1969, p. 45.
1989:Forden 1973, p. 175.
1658:Tekulsky, Joseph D.
1460:Wright-Bellanca WB-2
702:Spirit of St. Louis.
672:stamp depicting the
670:"Lindbergh Air Mail"
492:magnetic declination
466:Wright J-5 Whirlwind
202:transatlantic flight
64:Long-range aircraft
3370:Spirit of St. Louis
2929:Spirit of St. Louis
2861:s 90th Anniversary.
2829:Spirit of St. Louis
2820:Spirit of St. Louis
2796:Spirit of St. Louis
2769:Spirit of St. Louis
2712:Spirit of St. Louis
2573:Belfiore, Michael.
2315:. November 29, 2019
1949:Bowers 1967, p. 71.
1923:Spirit of St. Louis
1897:Spirit of St. Louis
1876:Spirit of St. Louis
1869:Spirit of St. Louis
1843:Reynolds, Quentin.
1707:Wall Street Journal
1545:Spirit of St. Louis
1489:Spirit of St. Louis
1413:Related development
1385:Spirit of St. Louis
1370:Spirit of St. Louis
1355:Spirit of St. Louis
1341:Spirit of St. Louis
1326:Spirit of St. Louis
1311:Spirit of St. Louis
1295:Spirit of St. Louis
1280:Spirit of St. Louis
1261:Spirit of St. Louis
1165:Max takeoff weight:
1065:Spirit of St. Louis
939:Spirit of St. Louis
893:EAA Aviation Museum
889:Spirit of St. Louis
835:Spirit of St. Louis
790:Spirit of St. Louis
773:Spirit of St. Louis
739:Spirit of St. Louis
708:Spirit of St. Louis
698:Spirit of St. Louis
681:Spirit of St. Louis
624:Spirit of St. Louis
578:Spirit of St. Louis
559:Spirit of St. Louis
519:Spirit of St. Louis
500:Spirit of St. Louis
459:Spirit of St. Louis
443:Spirit of St. Louis
422:Spirit of St. Louis
386:Spirit of St. Louis
323:Spirit of St. Louis
314:St. Louis, Missouri
286:Pioneers of Flight,
241:Aéroport Le Bourget
182:Spirit of St. Louis
56:General information
32:Spirit of St. Louis
3429:High-wing aircraft
2794:: Designer of the
2717:Nevin, David, ed.
1855:The New York Times
1816:Nevin 1980, p. 99.
1743:History Detectives
1628:. February 1, 2024
1626:airandspace.si.edu
1263:on display in the
1096:
967:Polk City, Florida
935:Oshkosh, Wisconsin
896:
870:Dearborn, Michigan
829:Airworthy examples
619:
615:Spirit of St Louis
562:
522:
498:the Atlantic. The
478:
455:
441:Lindbergh and the
394:
233:Roosevelt Airfield
199:first solo nonstop
3434:Charles Lindbergh
3411:
3410:
3179:Ryan Aeronautical
3144:
3143:
3137:(2020 miniseries)
2969:Des Moines speech
2914:Charles Lindbergh
2705:978-0-37410-675-1
2652:978-0-1515-2401-3
2637:978-0-9725249-1-9
2605:Cassagneres, Ev.
2593:978-0-06-114903-0
2568:978-0-471-47752-5
2524:Lednicer, David.
2365:JNE Aircraft, LLC
2236:JNE Aircraft, LLC
2122:Unsworth, David.
2066:Fantasy of Flight
1718:Bak 2011, p. 135.
1681:Bak 2011, p. 134.
963:Fantasy of Flight
943:Continental R-670
794:Ryan B-1 Brougham
661:aviator with the
659:U.S. Army Reserve
587:propeller spinner
574:propeller spinner
531:negatively stable
483:center of gravity
195:Charles Lindbergh
177:
176:
97:Charles Lindbergh
3466:
3337:AAM-A-1 Firebird
3171:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3121:(1998 biography)
2907:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2883:
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2850:September 2017.
2657:Hall, Donald A.
2627:Forden, Lesley.
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1446:Bird of Paradise
1381:
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1324:The tail of the
1321:
1309:The nose of the
1306:
1290:
1275:
1256:
1224:Service ceiling:
1201:
1107:
649:Washington, D.C.
504:Charles Lawrance
391:
282:Washington, D.C.
44:
28:
27:
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3361:Special purpose
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3325:Drones/Missiles
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3054:
3020:Reeve Lindbergh
2990:
2949:
2916:
2911:
2858:
2816:Popular Science
2763:
2758:
2719:The Pathfinders
2668:Wayback Machine
2644:Lindbergh Alone
2642:Gill. Brendan.
2585:Wayback Machine
2554:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2493:Schiff, Barry.
2491:
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2451:Schiff, Barry.
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2180:Wayback Machine
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2131:Wayback Machine
2121:
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2108:Wayback Machine
2099:
2095:
2091:, June 1, 2003.
2086:Wayback Machine
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2062:Wayback Machine
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2049:
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2020:
2015:
2011:
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1975:Wayback Machine
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1709:. May 26, 2017.
1704:Wayback Machine
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891:replica at the
831:
826:
769:
696:) to pilot the
628:Calvin Coolidge
609:stamp honoring
599:
447:Roosevelt Field
435:
389:
294:
284:. The exhibit,
268:, in 1926. The
88:
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3026:Erik Lindbergh
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331:Pulitzer Prize
310:Donald A. Hall
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266:T. Claude Ryan
185:(formally the
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3129:(2004 novel)
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3079:Lucky Lindy!
2982:
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2944:Miles Mohawk
2935:
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2876:
2875:, May 2002,
2873:Barry Schiff
2868:
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2622:Air Classics
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2600:Air Progress
2599:
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2552:Bibliography
2538:. Retrieved
2529:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2498:
2483:
2461:. Retrieved
2456:
2447:Barry Schiff
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2407:
2398:
2389:
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2368:. Retrieved
2364:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:www.key.aero
2312:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:
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2265:. Retrieved
2261:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2235:
2232:"Background"
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2203:
2193:
2182:
2167:
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2118:
2110:
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2043:Air Progress
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2012:
2003:
1994:
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1630:. Retrieved
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1595:. Retrieved
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1293:Nose of the
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222:Orteig Prize
186:
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168:Preserved at
142:First flight
112:Registration
103:Number built
70:Manufacturer
47:
31:
25:
3263:Observation
3113:(1984 film)
3097:(1957 film)
3089:(1929 play)
2946:(1936–1939)
2940:(1929–1933)
2932:(1927–1928)
2877:AOPA Pilot,
1453:Miss Veedol
1199:Performance
1187:Propellers:
1177:Powerplant:
845:Ray Milland
817:Frank Hawks
654:Los Angeles
607:US Air Mail
543:bank (roll)
353:'s hiring.
292:Development
206:Long Island
129:Total hours
3418:Categories
3193:Standard J
3186:Commercial
3059:In culture
3044:Highfields
3028:(grandson)
3022:(daughter)
3016:(daughter)
1506:Nazi Party
1469:References
1439:Plus Ultra
1237:Power/mass
1136:Wing area:
1020:Washington
1016:Burlington
989:Cole Palen
965:Museum in
868:museum in
390:January 15
258:California
3352:Model 147
3198:Cloudster
3118:Lindbergh
2540:April 16,
2434:Hall 1927
1632:April 11,
1568:Citations
1502:neolithic
1387:model at
1189:2-bladed
1124:Wingspan:
1099:Data from
843:starring
803:Model C-1
799:Model B-7
630:sent the
605:Ten-cent
568:A small,
254:San Diego
191:monoplane
3284:Trainers
3242:Fighters
3218:Foursome
3213:Brougham
3040:(father)
3034:(mother)
2921:Aircraft
2747:, 2005.
2664:Archived
2581:Archived
2534:Archived
2503:Archived
2473:cite web
2420:July 31,
2414:Archived
2370:June 15,
2345:June 15,
2319:June 15,
2293:June 15,
2267:June 15,
2241:June 15,
2216:July 31,
2210:Archived
2176:Archived
2151:Archived
2127:Archived
2104:Archived
2089:BBC News
2082:Archived
2058:Archived
1971:Archived
1928:Archived
1902:Archived
1848:Archived
1758:Archived
1736:Archived
1700:Archived
1663:Archived
1597:July 31,
1591:Archived
1524:Saab 340
1419:Ryan M-2
1396:See also
961:for his
924:Spirit 3
920:Spirit 3
912:Spirit 2
900:Spirit 2
778:Mainichi
724:Bell X-1
613:and the
318:Ryan M-2
210:New York
187:Ryan NYP
162:Ryan M-2
81:Designer
35:Ryan NYP
3332:Firebee
2509:May 22,
2463:May 22,
2183:NewsCut
1357:spinner
1246:Gallery
1148:Clark Y
1143:Airfoil
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