Sri Lanka - Knowledge

6273: 5015:(IMF). The IMF had agreed to provide a US$ 1.5 billion bailout loan in April 2016 after Sri Lanka provided a set of criteria intended to improve its economy. By the fourth quarter of 2016, the debt was estimated to be $ 64.9 billion. Additional debt had been incurred in the past by state-owned organisations and this was said to be at least $ 9.5 billion. Since early 2015, domestic debt increased by 12% and external debt by 25%. In November 2016, the IMF reported that the initial disbursement was larger than US$ 150 million originally planned, a full US$ 162.6 million (SDR 119.894 million). The agency's evaluation for the first tranche was cautiously optimistic about the future. Under the program, the Sri Lankan government implemented a new Inland Revenue Act and an automatic fuel pricing formula which was noted by the IMF in its fourth review. In 2018 China agreed to bail out Sri Lanka with a loan of $ 1.25 billion to deal with foreign debt repayment spikes in 2019 to 2021. 2625: 21254: 2742: 6284: 5098:, but ignored critical voices from scientific and farming community who warned about possible collapse of farming, including financial crisis due to devaluation of national currency pivoted around tea industry. The situation in the tea industry was described as critical, with farming under the organic program being described as ten times more expensive and producing half of the yield by the farmers. In September 2021 the government declared an economic emergency, as the situation was further aggravated by falling national currency exchange rate, inflation rising as a result of high food prices, and pandemic restrictions in tourism which further decreased country's income. 15834:

returns. At present, there are about 500,000 direct beneficiaries from the tea industry and about 600 factories are operating around the country. In general, the livelihood of around 3 million people is directly and indirectly woven around the domestic tea industry. The researchers and the experienced growers have predicted that a 50 percent reduction in the yield has to be anticipated with the ban of chemical fertilizer. The negative implication of this yield reduction is such that there is a risk of collapsing the banking sector which is centralized around the tea industry in the major tea growing areas including Ratnapura, Galle, Matara, Kaluthara, and Kegalle.

4188: 4181: 4223: 189: 2258: 4230: 23161: 2907: 4863: 5229: 3420: 4209: 4615: 4216: 4195: 20892: 984: 7049: 23482: 3500: 2724: 3195: 4174: 5852: 2997: 3255: 3350: 6718: 4075: 4915: 6454: 6147: 131: 3469: 117: 17438:'The original mandate derives from Commission on Human Rights resolution 20 (XXXVI) of 29 February 1980','Since its establishment, the Working Group has transmitted 12,460 cases to the Government; of those, 40 cases have been clarified on the basis of information provided by the source, 6,535 cases have been clarified on the basis of information provided by the Government, 214 cases were found to be duplications and were therefore deleted, and 5,671 remain outstanding.' 23516: 23443: 3416:, which is an important source of water for elephants inhabiting the surrounding forests. Dubbed "The Gathering", the congregation of elephants can be seen on the tank-bed in the late dry season (August to October) as the surrounding water sources steadily disappear. The park also encompasses a range of micro-habitats which include classic dry zone tropical monsoonal evergreen forest, thick stands of giant bamboo, hilly pastures (patanas), and grasslands (talawas). 1583: 3695: 3631: 675: 21065: 20404: 23558: 23326: 23265: 23252: 23213: 23200: 19058: 1678: 6905: 5121: 5239: 2517: 23456: 21077: 20414: 23352: 23289: 23391: 23226: 6661: 23404: 23339: 23313: 23148: 23545: 23584: 23469: 23378: 21915: 2242: 23610: 23430: 23417: 23365: 6099: 2029: 9526:"Annual trade between China and India through the Malacca Straits had opened by about 200 BCE. Perhaps by that time Austronesian sailors were regularly carrying cloves and cinnamon to India and Sri Lanka, and perhaps even as far as the coast of Africa in boats with outriggers. Certainly they have left numerous traces in canoe design, rigs, outriggers and fishing techniques, and a mention in Greek literature (Christie 1957)." 4202: 2614: 3299:. Department of Wildlife Conservation administrates 61 wildlife sanctuaries, 22 national parks, four nature reserves, three strict nature reserves, and one jungle corridor while Department of Forest Conservation oversees 65 conservation forests and one national heritage wilderness area. 26.5% of the country's land area is legally protected. This is a higher percentage of protected areas when compared to the rest of Asia. 23597: 23571: 23187: 23239: 5897: 4939: 19048: 23174: 850: 807: 788: 755: 736: 5936:(central schools) in different parts of the country in order to provide education to Sri Lanka's rural children. In 1942, a special education committee proposed extensive reforms to establish an efficient and quality education system for the people. However, in the 1980s changes to this system separated the administration of schools between the central government and the provincial government. Thus the elite 3081: 1870: 4982:, described Sri Lanka's economy as transitioning from the factor-driven stage to the efficiency-driven stage and that it ranked 52nd in global competitiveness. Also, out of the 142 countries surveyed, Sri Lanka ranked 45th in health and primary education, 32nd in business sophistication, 42nd in innovation, and 41st in goods market efficiency. In 2016, Sri Lanka ranked 5th in the 5870:

country has contributed much towards these figures. Sri Lanka ranks first among southeast Asian countries with respect to deaths by suicide, with 33 deaths per 100,000 persons. According to the Department of Census and Statistics, poverty, destructive pastimes, and inability to cope with stressful situations are the main causes behind the high suicide rates. On 8 July 2020, the

1426:). In 1972, its formal name was changed to "Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka". Later, on 7 September 1978, it was changed to the "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka". As the name Ceylon still appears in the names of a number of organisations, the Sri Lankan government announced in 2011 a plan to rename all those over which it has authority. 7440: 5731:), having previously been preserved as an oral tradition, was first committed to writing in Sri Lanka around 30 BCE. Sri Lanka has the longest continuous history of Buddhism of any predominantly Buddhist nation. During periods of decline, the Sri Lankan monastic lineage was revived through contact with Thailand and Burma. 3210:, where frost may occur for several days in the winter, to a maximum of 33 °C (91.4 °F) in low-altitude areas. Average yearly temperatures range from 28 °C (82.4 °F) to nearly 31 °C (87.8 °F). Day and night temperatures may vary by 14 °C (57.2 °F) to 18 °C (64.4 °F). 5051:. A and B grade roads are national (arterial) highways administered by Road Development Authority. C and D grade roads are provincial roads coming under the purview of the Provincial Road Development Authority of the respective province. The other roads are local roads falling under local government authorities. 3412:. The untapped genetic potential of Sinharaja flora is enormous. Of the 211 woody trees and lianas within the reserve, 139 (66%) are endemic. The total vegetation density, including trees, shrubs, herbs, and seedlings, has been estimated at 240,000 individuals per hectare. The Minneriya National Park borders the 6816:) highest ODI run scorers of all time, which is the second best by a team. As of June 2022, Muttiah Muralitharan has the highest aggregate wickets in Test Cricket with a record 800 wickets, a feat he achieved in a Test Match against India in July 2010 that Sri Lanka had won by 10 Wickets. Sri Lanka has won the 174: 2385: 169: 19081: 173: 171: 176: 175: 172: 5101:

In November 2021, Sri Lanka abandoned its plan to become the world's first organic farming nation following rising food prices and weeks of protests against the plan. As of December 2021, the damage to agricultural production was already done, with prices having risen substantially for vegetables in

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While the production and export of tea, rubber, coffee, sugar, and other commodities remain important, industrialisation has increased the importance of food processing, textiles, telecommunications, and finance. The country's main economic sectors are tourism, tea export, clothing, rice production,

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The United National Party has traditionally favoured links with the West, while the Sri Lanka Freedom Party has favoured links with the East. Sri Lankan Finance Minister J. R. Jayewardene, together with then Australian Foreign Minister Sir Percy Spencer, proposed the Colombo Plan at the Commonwealth

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due to high levels of species endemism. The number of biodiversity hotspots has now increased to 34. Sri Lanka has the highest biodiversity per unit area among Asian countries for flowering plants and all vertebrate groups except birds. A remarkably high proportion of the species among its flora and

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form a religious minority, Hinduism has been present in Sri Lanka at least since the 2nd century BCE. Hinduism was the dominant religion in Sri Lanka before the arrival of Buddhism in the 3rd century BCE. Buddhism was introduced into Sri Lanka by Mahinda, the son of Emperor Ashoka, during the reign

5707:" of Sri Lanka under Chapter II, Article 9, "The Republic of Sri Lanka shall give to Buddhism the foremost place and accordingly it shall be the duty of the State to protect and foster the Buddha Sasana". Buddhism is practised by 70.2% of the Sri Lankan population with most being predominantly from 5039:

Sri Lanka has an extensive road network for inland transportation. With more than 100,000 km (62,000 mi) of paved roads, it has one of the highest road densities in the world (1.5 km or 0.93 mi of paved roads per every 1 km or 0.39 sq mi of land). The road network

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is influenced primarily by Buddhism and Hinduism. Sri Lanka is the home to two main traditional cultures: the Sinhalese (centred in Kandy and Anuradhapura) and the Tamil (centred in Jaffna). Tamils co-existed with the Sinhalese people since then, and the early mixing rendered the two ethnic groups

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who have disappeared after detention by security forces in Sri Lanka, the second-highest figure in the world since the Working Group came into being in 1980. The Sri Lankan government confirmed that 6,445 of these died. Allegations of human rights abuses have not ended with the close of the ethnic

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As of 2020, the service sector makes up 59.7% of GDP, the industrial sector 26.2%, and the agriculture sector 8.4%. The private sector accounts for 85% of the economy. China, India and the United States are Sri Lanka's largest trading partners. Economic disparities exist between the provinces with

2060:(1153–1186). This period is considered as a time when Sri Lanka was at the height of its power. He built 1,470 reservoirs – the highest number by any ruler in Sri Lanka's history – repaired 165 dams, 3,910 canals, 163 major reservoirs, and 2,376 mini-reservoirs. His most famous construction is the 2889:

killed over 30,000 and displaced over 500,000 people in Sri Lanka. From 1985 to 2006, the Sri Lankan government and Tamil insurgents held four rounds of peace talks without success. Both LTTE and the government resumed fighting in 2006, and the government officially backed out of the ceasefire in

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of 75.5 years at birth, which is 10% higher than the world average. The infant mortality rate stands at 8.5 per 1,000 births and the maternal mortality rate at 0.39 per 1,000 births, which is on par with figures from developed countries. The universal "pro-poor" health care system adopted by the

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of the government. Each provincial council is an autonomous body not under the authority of any ministry. Some of its functions had been undertaken by central government ministries, departments, corporations, and statutory authorities, but authority over land and police is not as a rule given to

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winds from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. The "wet zone" and some of the windward slopes of the central highlands receive up to 2,500 millimetres (98.4 in) of rain each year, but the leeward slopes in the east and northeast receive little rain. Most of the east, southeast, and northern

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By diverting the attention of policymakers towards pointless nonscientific arguments instead of promoting such integrated management systems and high technological fertilizer production, will be only a time-wasting effort and meanwhile, the global demand for Ceylon Tea will generate diminishing

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bring overcast skies and rains to the southwest, northeast, and eastern parts of the island. Humidity is typically higher in the southwest and mountainous areas and depends on the seasonal patterns of rainfall. An increase in average rainfall coupled with heavier rainfall events has resulted in

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declared the collapse of the Sri Lankan economy in parliament. The crisis resulted in Sri Lanka defaulting on its $ 51 billion sovereign debt for the first time in its history, along with double-digit inflation, a crippling energy crisis that led to approximately 15 hour power cuts, severe fuel

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occurred caused by rapidly increasing foreign debt, massive government budget deficits due to tax cuts, falling foreign remittances, a food crisis caused by mandatory organic farming along with a ban on chemical fertilizers, and a multitude of other factors. The Sri Lankan Government officially

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During the Mahaweli Program of the 1970s and 1980s in northern Sri Lanka, the government set aside four areas of land totalling 1,900 km (730 sq mi) as national parks. Statistics of Sri Lanka's forest cover show rapid deforestation from 1956 to 2010. In 1956, 44.2 percent of the

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Sri Lanka has 17 public universities. A lack of responsiveness of the education system to labour market requirements, disparities in access to quality education, lack of an effective linkage between secondary and tertiary education remain major challenges for the education sector. A number of

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on July 9, 2022, and resulted in President Gotabaya Rajapaksa fleeing to Singapore and later emailing his resignation to parliament, formally announcing his resignation and making him the first Sri Lankan president to resign in the middle of his term. On the same day the President's House was

3926:(ITAK), also known as the Federal Party, becoming the main Tamil political party in Sri Lanka for next two decades. The Federal Party advocated a more aggressive stance toward the Sinhalese. With the constitutional reforms of 1972, the ACTC and ITAK created the Tamil United Front (later 2566:, pressing colonial masters for more constitutional reforms. But without massive popular support, and with the governor's encouragement for "communal representation" by creating a "Colombo seat" that dangled between Sinhalese and Tamils, the Congress lost momentum towards the mid-1920s. 7428: 4594:, and were formerly known as "D.R.O. divisions" after the divisional revenue officer. Later, the D.R.O.s became "assistant government agents," and the divisions were known as "A.G.A. divisions". These divisional secretariats are currently administered by a divisional secretary. 3614:. Members are elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term. The president may summon, suspend, or end a legislative session and dissolve Parliament at any time after four and a half years. The parliament reserves the power to make all laws. The president's deputy and 2902:

defeated the LTTE, bringing an end to the 26 year long civil war on 19 May 2009, and re-established control of the entire country by the Sri Lankan Government. Overall, between 60,000 and 100,000 people were killed during the course of the 26 year long conflict.

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visited Sri Lanka in May 2013. After her visit, she said: "The war may have ended , but in the meantime, democracy has been undermined and the rule of law eroded." Pillay spoke about the military's increasing involvement in civilian life and reports of military

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reached the country at least as early as the fifth century (and possibly in the first), gaining a wider foothold through Western colonists who began to arrive early in the 16th century. Around 7.4% of the Sri Lankan population are Christians, of whom 82% are

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of 92.9%, Sri Lanka has one of the most literate populations amongst developing nations. Its youth literacy rate stands at 98.8%, computer literacy rate at 35%, and primary school enrollment rate at over 99%. An education system which dictates nine years of

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named Sri Lanka, repudiating its dominion status. Prolonged minority grievances and the use of communal emotionalism as an election campaign weapon by both Sinhalese and Tamil leaders abetted a fledgling Tamil militancy in the north during the 1970s. The

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reciters), the surviving monks recognised the danger of not writing it down so that even if some of the monks whose duty it was to study and remember parts of the Canon for later generations died, the teachings would not be lost. After the council,

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just three years after broadcasting began in Europe. The station broadcasts services in Sinhala, Tamil, English and Hindi. Since the 1980s, many private radio stations have also been introduced. Broadcast television was introduced in 1979 when the

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under British rule raised the strategic importance of the island as a centre of trade. From 1948 to 1977, socialism strongly influenced the government's economic policies. Colonial plantations were dismantled, industries were nationalised, and a

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is a symbolic Buddhist festival consisting of dances and decorated elephants held in Kandy in July and August. Fire dances, whip dances, Kandyan dances and various other cultural dances are integral parts of the festival. Christians celebrate

3985:(known by its Sinhala initials SLPP), obtained a landslide victory and a clear majority in the parliament. Five members of the Rajapaksa family won seats in the new parliament. Former president Mahinda Rajapaksa became the new prime minister. 14541: 13922: 5102:

Sri Lanka, and time needed to recover from the crisis. The ban on fertiliser has been lifted for certain crops, but the price of urea has risen internationally due to the price for oil and gas. Jeevika Weerahewa, a senior lecturer at the

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are accepted by some ornithologists as endemic while some ornithologists consider only 27 are endemic and the remaining six are considered as proposed endemics. Sri Lanka's protected areas are administrated by two government bodies; The

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to assist geographically disadvantaged students to obtain tertiary education, resulted in reducing the proportion of Tamil students at university level and acted as the immediate catalyst for the rise of militancy. The assassination of

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the Western Province contributing 45.1% of the GDP and the Southern Province and the Central Province contributing 10.7% and 10%, respectively. With the end of the war, the Northern Province reported a record 22.9% GDP growth in 2010.

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deepened the channel. Portions are still as shallow as 1 metre (3 ft), hindering navigation. The island consists mostly of flat to rolling coastal plains, with mountains rising only in the south-central part. The highest point is

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is the third most prevalent religion in the country, having first been brought to the island by Arab traders over the course of many centuries, starting around the mid or late 7th century CE. Most followers on the island today are

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doubled. 99% of the households in Sri Lanka are electrified; 93.2% of the population have access to safe drinking water; and 53.1% have access to pipe-borne water. Income inequality has also dropped in recent years, indicated by a

2064:, the largest irrigation project of medieval Sri Lanka. Parākramabāhu's reign is memorable for two major campaigns – in the south of India as part of a Pandyan war of succession, and a punitive strike against the kings of Ramanna ( 4060:

Provinces in Sri Lanka have existed since the 19th century, but they had no legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment of the 1978 constitution established provincial councils after several decades of increasing demand for a

6128:. The British colonial culture has also influenced the locals. The rich cultural traditions shared by all Sri Lankan cultures is the basis of the country's long life expectancy, advanced health standards, and high literacy rate. 4070:. Prior to 1987, all administrative tasks for the provinces were handled by a district-based civil service which had been in place since colonial times. Now each province is administered by a directly elected provincial council: 3646:– the highest and final superior court of record, a Court of Appeal, High Courts and a number of subordinate courts. The highly complex legal system reflects diverse cultural influences. Criminal law is based almost entirely on 3346:. The wet zone is a tropical evergreen forest with tall trees, broad foliage, and a dense undergrowth of vines and creepers. Subtropical evergreen forests resembling those of temperate climates flourish in the higher altitudes. 3875:

Sri Lanka is essentially a multi-party democracy with many smaller Buddhist, socialist, and Tamil nationalist political parties. As of July 2011, the number of registered political parties in the country is 67. Of these, the

6190:. Middle Eastern influences and practices are found in traditional Moor dishes, while Dutch and Portuguese influences are found with the island's Burgher community preserving their culture through traditional dishes such as 2087:, ransacked and destroyed everything in the ancient Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Kingdoms beyond recovery. His priorities in ruling were to extract as much as possible from the land and overturn as many of the traditions of 170: 3883:

The UNP, established by D. S. Senanayake in 1946, was until recently the largest single political party. It is the only political group which had representation in all parliaments since independence. SLFP was founded by

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There are three other types of local authorities: municipal councils (18), urban councils (13) and pradeshiya sabha, also called pradesha sabhai (256). Local authorities were originally based on feudal counties named

15854: 15457:"Sri Lanka : 2018 Article IV Consultation and the Fourth Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Sri Lanka" 1961:, who ruled between 477 and 495. The Sigiriya rock fortress is surrounded by an extensive network of ramparts and moats. Inside this protective enclosure were gardens, ponds, pavilions, palaces and other structures. 6499:

The history of Sri Lankan painting and sculpture can be traced as far back as to the 2nd or 3rd century BCE. The earliest mention about the art of painting on Mahāvaṃsa, is to the drawing of a palace on cloth using

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Ranagalage, M.; Gunarathna, M. H. J. P.; Surasinghe, T. D.; Dissanayake, D. M. S. L. G.; Simwanda, M.; Murayama, Y.; Morimoto, T.; Phiri, D.; Nyirenda, V. R.; Premakantha, K. T.; Sathurusinghe, A. (1 August 2020).

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Gunawardene, N. R.; Daniels, A. E. D.; Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N.; Gunatilleke, C. V. S.; Karunakaran, P. V.; Nayak, K.; Prasad, S.; Puyravaud, P.; Ramesh, B. R.; Subramanian, K. A; Vasanthy, G. (10 December 2007).

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to colour. In recent years, movies have featured subjects such as family melodrama, social transformation and the years of conflict between the military and the LTTE. The Sri Lankan cinematic style is similar to

11460: 11859: 15820: 15674: 14453: 7756: 23979: 21792: 3592:. The president is immune from legal proceedings while in the office with respect to any acts done or omitted to be done by him or her in either an official or private capacity. Following the passage of the 16263: 7050: 3479: with: is missing explication of the constitutional socialist nature of the republic that is reflected in the formal name of the country: "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka". You can help by 11575: 2682:

as the only official language of the government. Although partially reversed in 1958, the bill posed a grave concern for the Tamil community, which perceived in it a threat to their language and culture.

12506: 2702:, leader of the FP, to resolve the looming ethnic conflict. The pact proved ineffective in the face of ongoing protests by opposition and the Buddhist clergy. The bill, together with various government 14066: 22137: 19790: 14533: 17283: 11889: 11739: 2974:

took oath as the ninth President of Sri Lanka. He implemented various economic reforms in efforts to stabilize Sri Lanka's economy, which has shown slight improvement since. On 23 September 2024,

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was elected prime minister in 1956. His three-year rule had a profound influence through his self-proclaimed role of "defender of the besieged Sinhalese culture". He introduced the controversial

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to Sri Lanka to re-establish Buddhism, which had almost disappeared from the country during the Chola reign. During the medieval period, Sri Lanka was divided into three sub-territories, namely,

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damage because it believed it would harm Japan's economy. Sri Lanka-China relations started as soon as the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. The two countries signed an important

2577:(the franchise stood at 4% before the reforms). This step was strongly criticised by the Tamil political leadership, who realised that they would be reduced to a minority in the newly created 1064:, who are the largest minority group and are concentrated in northern Sri Lanka; both groups have played an influential role in the island's history. Other long-established groups include the 24004: 15910: 16050: 15614: 15558: 11829: 5952:

private, degree awarding institutions have emerged in recent times to fill in these gaps, yet the participation at tertiary level education remains at 5.1%. Sri Lanka was ranked 90th in the

2509:, struck the coffee plantations in 1869, destroying the entire industry within fifteen years. The British quickly found a replacement: abandoning coffee, they began cultivating tea instead. 16011: 15880: 15456: 8276: 9284: 7669:

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill described the moment a Japanese fleet prepared to invade Sri Lanka as "the most dangerous and distressing moment of the entire conflict". –

2415:, third of the four Nayakkar kings of Sri Lanka, died of a fever. Following his death, a nephew of Rajadhi Rajasinha, eighteen-year-old Kannasamy, was crowned. The young king, now named 19607: 12523: 2327:

resulted in a Dutch victory, with Colombo falling into Dutch hands by 1656. The Dutch remained in the areas they had captured, thereby violating the treaty they had signed in 1638. The

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reported that it had received 233 referrals of torture survivors from Sri Lanka for clinical treatment or other services provided by the charity. In the same year, the group published

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in 1965, serves as a third force in the current political context. It endorses leftist policies which are more radical than the traditionalist leftist politics of the LSSP and the

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completed the first review of Sri Lanka's economic performance under the program supported by a three-year extended arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) arrangement.

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1960 saw the election of Sirimavo Bandaranaike as Ceylon's Prime Minister and the first time in world history that the heads of both state and government in a country were female.

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While the government is aiming to raise its low revenue collection, partly through an increase in the value-added tax rate ... the country has a spotty record on tax collection.

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law are followed in special cases. The president appoints judges to the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, and the High Courts. A judicial service commission, composed of the

22130: 15486: 15388: 13007: 11911: 6519:, a blend of European and Indian theatrical conventions to the Colombo audience in the 19th century. The golden age of Sri Lankan drama and theatre began with the staging of 21778: 15940: 15846: 14609: 9949: 6041:

during final stages of the civil war. Corruption remains a problem in Sri Lanka, and there is little protection for those who stand up against corruption. The 135-year-old

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and A. Ratnayake. It is one of the few countries in the world that provide universal free education from primary to tertiary stage. Kannangara led the establishment of the

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and other agricultural products. In addition to these economic sectors, overseas employment, especially in the Middle East, contributes substantially in foreign exchange.

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since 2019. The anti-government sentiment across various parts of Sri Lanka has triggered unprecedented political instability, creating shockwaves in the political arena.

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As of 2020, 192 newspapers (122 Sinhala, 24 Tamil, 43 English, 3 multilingual) are published and 25 TV stations and 58 radio stations are in operation. In recent years,

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The per capita income of Sri Lanka doubled from 2005 to 2011. During the same period, poverty dropped from 15.2% to 7.6%, unemployment rate dropped from 7.2% to 4.9%,

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in 1986, 1997, 2004, 2008, 2014. and 2022. Sri Lanka once held the highest team score in all three formats of cricket. The country co-hosted the Cricket World Cup in

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The next three centuries starting from 1215 were marked by kaleidoscopically shifting collections of capitals in south and central Sri Lanka, including Dambadeniya,

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successfully drove the Chola out of Sri Lanka in 1070, reuniting the country for the first time in over a century. Upon his request, ordained monks were sent from

703: 16274: 13994: 6086:, which documents evidence of torture in Sri Lanka and demonstrates that the practice has continued long after the end of the civil war in 2009. On 29 July 2020, 20282: 20262: 19996: 17476: 16680: 13408: 11567: 7954: 2879: 14906: 7725: 23631: 23137: 20252: 13756: 13605: 12503: 18776: 14055: 8075: 23974: 11030: 3593: 17352: 3930:). Following a period of turbulence as Tamil militants rose to power in the late 1970s, these Tamil political parties were succeeded in October 2001 by the 3380:

in the northwest, the largest national park, preserves the habitats of many water birds such as storks, pelicans, ibis, and spoonbills. The island has four

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The Dutch in Ceylon: an account of their early visits to the island, their conquests, and their rule over the maritime regions during a century and a half

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and the legal, educational, engineering, and medical professions with natives. New leaders represented the various ethnic groups of the population in the

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stalled economic development and prompted the governor to introduce a series of taxes on firearms, dogs, shops, boats, etc., and to reintroduce a form of

23999: 17287: 15787: 11881: 11731: 8202: 7219: 5843:, Sri Lanka was ranked the third most religious country in the world, with 99% of Sri Lankans saying religion was an important part of their daily life. 5711:

school of thought. Most Buddhists are of the Sinhalese ethnic group with minority Tamils. Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka in the 2nd century BCE by

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such as the clauses on language, religion, and reference to Sri Lanka as a unitary state require both a two-thirds majority and approval in a nationwide

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The arid northwest and southeast coasts receive the least rain at 800 to 1,200 mm (31 to 47 in) per year. Periodic squalls occur and sometimes

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demanded a 50–50 representation (50% for the Sinhalese and 50% for other ethnic groups) in the State Council. However, this demand was not met by the

2157:. They were then expelled by the South Indian Pandyan dynasty. However, this temporary invasion reinforced the steady flow of the presence of various 23949: 23754: 23749: 23744: 23739: 23734: 23729: 23724: 23719: 18306: 16871: 14751: 12815: 12670:

Weerakoon, D. K.; Gunawardena, K. (2012). "The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Birds in Sri Lanka". In Weerakoon, D. K.; Wijesundara, S. (eds.).

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Sri Lanka never really recovered from the effects of Kalinga Magha's invasion. King Vijayabâhu III, who led the resistance, brought the kingdom to

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Sri Lanka's documented history goes back 3,000 years, with evidence of prehistoric human settlements dating back 125,000 years. The earliest known

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has resulted in the collapse of its currency, rising inflation, and a humanitarian crisis due to a severe shortage of essentials. This led to the

23077: 21695: 12847: 12615: 9292: 8625: 4738: 3296: 3286:. Sri Lanka supports a rich avifauna of that stands at 453 species and this include 240 species of birds that are known to breed in the country. 2703: 10601: 9596: 9519: 7117:

Many names have been used to refer to the island, with Ceylon being used post-independence and still in use in some cases. For other names, see

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in the 2nd century BCE. The chronicles have a description of various paintings in relic chambers of Buddhist stupas and in monastic residences.

5025:

Tourism, which provided the economy with an input of foreign currency, has significantly declined as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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The Bandaranaike government of 1956 significantly changed the pro-western policies set by the previous UNP government. It recognised Cuba under

3111:, which is approximately 6.7 times Sri Lanka's land area. The coastline and adjacent waters support highly productive marine ecosystems such as 22410: 21518: 15207: 15028: 14863: 14250: 14157: 12314: 8503: 6090:

said that the Sri Lanka government has targeted lawyers, human rights defenders, and journalists to suppress criticism against the government.

3099:, extending 335 kilometres (208 mi). These waterways give rise to 51 natural waterfalls of 10 metres (33 ft) or more. The highest is 2106:. The Jaffna kingdom never came under the rule of any kingdom of the south except on one occasion; in 1450, following the conquest led by king 17309: 16622: 15068: 12944: 12717:"Wildlife Viewing Preferences of Visitors to Sri Lanka's National Parks: Implications for Visitor Management and Sustainable Tourism Planning" 12531: 10220: 8100: 23964: 22420: 19679: 14729: 14693: 13853: 13827: 13661: 12898:"Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka" 8748: 5011:

By 2016, the country's debt soared as it was developing its infrastructure to the point of near bankruptcy which required a bailout from the

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and the provincial schools by the provincial government. Sri Lanka has approximately 10,155 government schools, 120 private schools and 802

2882:(Muslims by religion) from northern Sri Lanka. In 2002, the Sri Lankan government and LTTE signed a Norwegian-mediated ceasefire agreement. 1516:

During the protohistoric period (1000–500 BCE) Sri Lanka was culturally united with southern India, and shared the same megalithic burials,

23984: 23032: 23027: 22533: 21115: 16307: 14928: 13722: 13141: 11210: 7466: 5001: 3821: 2346:. In spite of on-going intermittent warfare with Europeans, the kingdom survived. Later, a crisis of succession emerged in Kandy upon king 861: 14631: 13573: 11761: 11657: 11176: 9976: 9562: 23905: 20612: 19619: 17165: 16648: 16449: 16241: 14671: 11000: 10815: 10739: 10147: 9756: 8718: 7249: 6880: 2933: 1772:. It is probable that many of the scriptures from Nalanda are preserved in Sri Lanka's many monasteries and that the written form of the 1199: 18458: 13882: 13051: 11627: 11605: 11537: 11482: 11300: 7932: 7157: 6121: 4792:

Since independence in 1948, the primary focus of the armed forces has been internal security, crushing three major insurgencies, two by

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shortages leading to the suspension of fuel to all non-essential vehicles, and more such economic disorder. Due to the crisis, massive

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formally ceded the entire country to the British Empire. Attempts by Sri Lankan noblemen to undermine British power in 1818 during the

643: 16215: 15098: 13519: 13112: 11236: 10940: 9857: 8587: 8342: 7619: 6632:

are also notable works of this period, which is considered to be the golden age of Sri Lankan literature. The first modern-day novel,

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Officially, the constitution of Sri Lanka guarantees human rights as ratified by the United Nations. However, several groups, such as

2772:

in 1962. During her second term as prime minister, the government instituted socialist economic policies, strengthening ties with the

1111:, Sri Lanka's geographic location and deep harbours have made it of great strategic importance, from the earliest days of the ancient 21759: 21744: 20370: 20209: 19402: 18582: 17422: 15580: 15240: 14422: 13631: 12640: 759: 17022:

Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; León, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (13 May 2024).

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was launched. Initially, all television stations were state-controlled, but private television networks began broadcasting in 1992.

2381:

later that year. Kings of the Nayakkar dynasty launched several attacks on Dutch controlled areas, which proved to be unsuccessful.

20463: 17222: 17004: 16958: 13944: 13609: 12464: 8783: 6042: 5094:

In June 2021, Sri Lanka imposed a nationwide ban on inorganic fertilisers and pesticides. The program was welcomed by its advisor

3446:

country's land area had forest cover. Forest cover depleted rapidly in recent decades; 29.6 percent in 1999, 28.7 percent in 2010.

3311: 3218:

parts of Sri Lanka constitute the "dry zone", which receives between 1,200 and 1,900 mm (47 and 75 in) of rain annually.

3145: 2886: 21328: 17956: 15932: 15691: 14599: 14091: 12434: 10540: 4950:

considers the cleanest tea in the world in terms of pesticide residues. Sri Lanka is also the world's 2nd largest exporter of tea.

2769: 21615: 21560: 21418: 21024: 20901: 19235: 16142: 15717: 15424:"IMF Completes First Review of the Extended Arrangement Under the EFF with Sri Lanka and Approves US$ 162.6 Million Disbursement" 9941: 8415: 8139: 6472:

dances. Of these, the Kandyan style is most prominent. It is a sophisticated form of dance that consists of five sub-categories:

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and gradually extended their control over the coastal areas. In 1592, after decades of intermittent warfare with the Portuguese,

17930: 16925: 16404: 14370: 4804:. The armed forces have been in a continuous mobilised state for the last 30 years. The Sri Lankan Armed Forces have engaged in 4773:. The total strength of the three services is around 346,000 personnel, with nearly 36,000 reserves. Sri Lanka has not enforced 3977:

won the election, and he was later sworn in as the new president of Sri Lanka. Their firm grip of power was consolidated in the

2562:

In 1919, major Sinhalese and Tamil political organisations united to form the Ceylon National Congress, under the leadership of

1163:

from 1815 to 1948. A national movement for political independence arose in the early 20th century, and in 1948, Ceylon became a

23696: 22430: 19773: 19669: 19572: 19565: 18896: 18603: 16079: 14483: 14340: 14318: 14026: 13382: 13320: 12083: 11791: 11417: 11364: 9670: 9135:

Parakramabahu 1 further extended the system to the highest resplendent peak of hydraulic civilization of the country's history.

7352: 6379:, is the subject of a documentary on his life in Sri Lanka. His work is published in Sinhala and English. Naturalised Canadian 6288: 5136:

is 6.0 deaths per 1,000 people. Population density is highest in western Sri Lanka, especially in and around the capital.

4811:

operations since the early 1960s, contributing forces to permanent contingents deployed in several UN peacekeeping missions in

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Robin Conningham – Anuradhapura – The British-Sri Lankan Excavations at Anuradhapura Salgaha Watta Volumes 1 and 2 (1999/2006)

1119:. Because its location made it a major trading hub, it was already known to both East Asians and Europeans as long ago as the 22435: 19808: 19482: 18821: 18758: 18716: 18687: 17896: 17840: 17809: 17782: 17715: 17680: 17638: 17611: 17041: 16983: 16837: 16504: 14769: 14709: 14186: 14129: 13809: 13482: 13087: 12987: 12684: 12203: 12114: 11105: 10776: 10573: 10504: 10465: 10192: 10141: 10108: 10069: 9894: 9816: 9783: 9446: 9403: 9325: 9238: 9116: 8954: 8927: 8900: 8689: 8535: 8479: 8448: 8284: 7911: 7882: 7843: 7816: 7789: 7654: 7596: 7569: 7339: 7310: 5901: 5041: 4039: 4027: 4019: 3970: 3962: 3889: 2979: 2967: 1214:

step down. The country has had a long history of engagement with modern international groups; it is a founding member of the

17989: 16592: 15358: 14830: 14192: 14135: 13488: 13437: 12138: 11994: 11111: 10782: 10579: 10471: 10198: 9900: 9822: 9700: 9452: 9409: 9331: 9266: 9244: 9161: 9122: 8960: 7849: 7488: 3103:, with a height of 263 metres (863 ft). Sri Lanka's coastline is 1,585 km (985 mi) long. Sri Lanka claims an 2499:, requiring six days free labour on roads or payment of a cash equivalent. These harsh measures antagonised the locals, and 1881:(477–495 CE) as a new more defensible capital. It was also used as a Buddhist monastery after the capital was moved back to 1749:

carrying the message of Buddhism. His mission won over the monarch, who embraced the faith and propagated it throughout the

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economy was introduced to the country, incorporating privatisation, deregulation, and the promotion of private enterprise.

4687: 4559: 3512: 2373:, the crown passed to the brother of one of Narendrasinha's princesses, overlooking Narendrasinha's own son by a Sinhalese 21305: 15640: 13021: 12869: 12690: 10918: 10412: 9722: 8226:

Ancient Ceylon 6: Biological anthropology of upper Pleistocene hominids from Sri Lanka: Batadomba Lena and Beli Lena caves

7271: 22092: 21280: 21275: 20365: 20006: 19991: 19894: 19527: 17108: 16911: 16164: 15962: 14222: 11422: 11136: 10841: 10372: 10340: 9174:... and when at the height of its prosperity, during the long and glorious reign of Parakramabahu the Great ... 9010: 7701: 6053: 5083: 3842: 2695: 2442:, ending Sri Lanka's independence. Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, the last native monarch of Sri Lanka, was exiled to India. The 2331:, a distinct ethnic group, emerged as a result of intermingling between the Dutch and native Sri Lankans in this period. 2166: 1905:

in 25 BCE. The council was held in response to a year in which the harvests in Sri Lanka were particularly poor and many

17252: 17072: 16112: 15743: 15527: 15411:"We still don't know the exact total debt number," Sri Lanka's prime minister admitted to parliament earlier this month. 14574: 13904: 8309: 5755:(devotional worship of Lord Shiva) was the dominant branch practised by the Tamil peoples, thus most of the traditional 1795:

became enlightened. It is considered the oldest human-planted tree (with a continuous historical record) in the world. (

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The pre-history of Sri Lanka goes back 125,000 years and possibly even as far back as 500,000 years. The era spans the

1056:

Sri Lanka has a population of approximately 22 million and is home to several cultures, languages and ethnicities. The

792: 21620: 14274: 13404: 7958: 7189: 6576:, written in the 6th century, provide vivid descriptions of Sri Lankan dynasties. According to the German philosopher 6562:, the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, was written down in Sri Lanka during the 2859:

ministers, which resulted in more than 150,000 Tamil civilians fleeing the island, seeking asylum in other countries.

23093: 22907: 22097: 21711: 21358: 19602: 19597: 19392: 18092: 17731: 17404: 17313: 14910: 14570: 13178: 12609: 12284: 11988: 10978: 10627: 8824: 8007: 6868: 6125: 6026: 5941: 5793:

who trace their religious heritage directly to the Portuguese. Tamil Catholics attribute their religious heritage to

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and warm because of moderating effects of ocean winds. Mean temperatures range from 17 °C (62.6 °F) in the

1722: 990: 21333: 18538: 16926:"Universities and Higher Educational Institutions established under the purview of the University Grants Commission" 14799: 13748: 12486: 12366: 12310: 9212:

His reign is described by Tumour as having been the most martial, enterprising, and glorious in Singhalese history.

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provincial councils. Between 1989 and 2006, the Northern and Eastern provinces were temporarily merged to form the

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The Kingdom of Kandy was the last independent monarchy of Sri Lanka. In 1595, Vimaladharmasurya brought the sacred

2004: 1180: 548: 13208: 12057: 11022: 8816:

Plantation Forestry in the Tropics: Tree Planting for Industrial, Social, Environmental, and Agroforestry Purposes

8384:

Secondary state formation during the early iron age on the island of Sri Lanka : the evolution of a periphery

5743:; the Sinhalese embraced Buddhism and Tamils remain Hindus in Sri Lanka. However, it was activity from across the 1979:, son of Rajaraja I, launched a large invasion in 1017. Mahinda V was captured and taken to India, and the Cholas 21739: 21670: 21650: 21455: 21408: 21383: 20605: 20335: 20066: 19986: 19976: 19936: 19847: 19714: 19587: 19472: 19301: 18106: 15002: 14773: 10297: 6749: 6737: 5816:) who settled in Ceylon during the period of British rule. This community has steadily dwindled in recent years. 4770: 3577: 3180:

and gas in the Gulf of Mannar has also been confirmed, and the extraction of recoverable quantities is underway.

2862:

Lapses in foreign policy resulted in India strengthening the Tigers by providing arms and training. In 1987, the

2741: 2707: 2706:, contributed much towards the political rancour between Sinhalese and Tamil political leaders. Bandaranaike was 2556: 1124: 954: 15178: 14888: 2484:

were established, later becoming the foundation of a representative legislature. By this time, experiments with

1135:

arrived in Sri Lanka and sought to control its maritime trade, with a part of Sri Lanka subsequently becoming a

23994: 22977: 22886: 22517: 22087: 21940: 21403: 21132: 21004: 20350: 20297: 20148: 20091: 20071: 19981: 19877: 19867: 19768: 19336: 19271: 19163: 19117: 18813: 18411: 16829: 8192: 6876: 6796: 5988: 5616:

as the link language. English is widely used for education, scientific and commercial purposes. Members of the

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was held in Colombo in 1976. The relationship between Sri Lanka and India became tense under the government of

4603: 3438: 3307: 3303: 3207: 2918: 2914: 2870:(IPKF) was deployed in northern Sri Lanka to stabilise the region by neutralising the LTTE. The same year, the 2856: 2416: 2412: 2388: 2075:, an invader with uncertain origins, identified as the founder of the Jaffna kingdom, invaded and captured the 2057: 1980: 1306: 917: 912: 740: 15779: 11387: 11259: 6006:, who had been a critic of the government and had presaged his own death in a posthumously published article. 1370:, the name given to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese when they arrived in 1505, was transliterated into English as 22440: 21323: 20277: 20096: 20061: 20046: 19709: 19582: 19387: 16893: 15877:"Sri Lanka Going Organic: Rethink the strategy; Agriculturists Write to President | The Sri Lankan Scientist" 14392: 13980: 11508: 11162: 10863: 10653: 8859: 8035: 4975: 4639: 3927: 3699: 2955: 2541: 2481: 2461: 2289: 2053: 1831: 1769: 1714: 936: 18737: 16365:

Claveyrolas, Mathieu; Goreau-Ponceaud, Anthony; Madavan, Delon; Meyer, Eric; Trouillet, Pierre-yves (2018).

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by the Sirimavo government to rectify disparities created in university enrolment, which was in essence an

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The carpenter-heretic: a collection of Buddhist stories about Christianity from the 18th century Sri Lanka

14755: 12822: 12399:"Three Dimensional Seismic Survey for Oil Exploration in Block SL-2007-01-001 in Gulf of Mannar–Sri Lanka" 11322: 8648: 8557: 2548:

activities. The first two decades in the 20th century are noted by the unique harmony among Sinhalese and

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attract many Sri Lankans and foreign tourists. There are two styles of martial arts native to Sri Lanka:

5937: 5578: 5562: 5528: 5510: 5494: 5476: 5460: 5442: 5426: 5408: 5392: 5358: 5324: 5306: 5290: 5256: 5212: 5196: 5012: 4895: 4849: 4659: 4488: 4299: 4272: 4215: 4201: 4194: 4144: 4132: 4125: 3982: 3865: 3807: 3619: 3611: 2641: 2510: 2477: 2451: 2080: 2010: 1855: 1632: 1521: 1081: 438: 339: 16520: 15847:"Opinion | Inorganic Fertilizer and Agrochemicals Ban in Sri Lanka and Fallacies of Organic Agriculture" 8223: 7808:

The story of the Sinhalese from the most ancient times up to the end of "the Mahavansa" or Great dynasty

6328:

movies. In 1979, movie attendance rose to an all-time high but has been in a steady decline since then.

2491:

Soon, coffee became the primary commodity export of Sri Lanka. Falling coffee prices as a result of the

23954: 23689: 22415: 21770: 21716: 21463: 20598: 20021: 19838: 19506: 19168: 19085: 19051: 18916: 18336: 17774: 16774: 16626: 14178: 11687: 10687: 9157: 8471: 5285: 5243: 5228: 4919: 4742: 4734: 4718: 3918:(ACTC) in 1944. Objecting to Ponnambalam's cooperation with D. S. Senanayake, a dissident group led by 3667: 3643: 3315: 3249: 2867: 2427: 2210: 2178: 2111: 1958: 1898: 1878: 1517: 1069: 888: 468: 410: 321: 21057:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

18990: 17861: 16973:"Facing Global and Local Challenges: The New Dynamics for Higher Education – Sri Lanka Country Report" 16749: 16351: 15332:"A Closer Look at Indices Country Classifications – Indexology® Blog | S&P Dow Jones Indices" 12839: 12596: 12165: 7529: 7184: 7152: 6756:

played in Bangladesh, beating India in the final. In addition, Sri Lanka became the runners-up of the

23989: 23969: 22510: 21318: 21262: 20355: 20227: 20204: 20138: 19969: 19433: 19158: 19110: 10768: 10605: 9592: 9516: 7903: 6890: 5965: 5871: 5785: 5756: 5685: 5489: 5115: 5048: 4963: 4797: 4729:, was formally ceded to Sri Lanka. By this time, Sri Lanka was strongly involved in the NAM, and the 4518: 3951: 3935: 3915: 3869: 3534:. Sri Lanka is the oldest democracy in Asia. Most provisions of the constitution can be amended by a 3459: 2871: 2820: 2786: 2378: 2107: 2095:

to the south and west of Sri Lanka, and into the mountainous interior, in a bid to escape his power.

1972: 1902: 1803: 1686: 661: 614: 383: 202: 18301: 17527: 17317: 16574: 15200: 14852: 14260: 8495: 3658:. Because of ancient customary practices and religion, the Sinhala customary law (Kandyan law), the 3610:

225-member legislature with 196 members elected from 22 multi-seat constituencies and 29 elected by

24009: 23641: 23037: 22545: 21610: 21535: 21182: 20534: 20375: 20232: 19959: 19852: 19517: 18321: 16951: 16698:

Gunawardena, Chandra (1997). "Problems of Illiteracy in a Literate Developing Society: Sri Lanka".

15121:"Sri Lanka's Northern province has recorded the highest GDP growth rate of 22.9 per cent last year" 15064: 15039: 14115: 12952: 12504:

Integrating urban agriculture and forestry into climate change action plans: Lessons from Sri Lanka

11568:"15 bodies found from site of shootout and explosions in Saindamaradu;6 Suicide bombers among them" 10228: 9317: 8108: 7603:... the Pali canon of Theravada is the earliest known collection of Buddhist writings ... 6524: 6046: 5983: 5103: 5045: 4993: 4845: 4023: 4004: 3885: 3531: 3397: 3235: 2975: 2947: 2816: 2671: 2570: 2521: 2324: 2320: 1203: 1140: 429: 17331: 17023: 16326: 14725: 13857: 13831: 13345: 8740: 8617: 2513:

thrived in the following decades. Large-scale rubber plantations began in the early 20th century.

1603:

chronicle written in the 5th century CE, the original inhabitants of Sri Lanka are said to be the

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in Southern Sri Lanka, necessitating redeployment of the IPKF in 1990. In October 1990, the LTTE

2578: 2563: 1890: 1730: 1709:

of the country for nearly 1,400 years. Ancient Sri Lankans excelled at building certain types of

1573: 1446: 1231: 1211: 1194:. It is the highest-ranked South Asian nation in terms of development and has the second-highest 1191: 1100: 894: 839: 717: 488: 20: 16800: 11202: 9540: 7462: 4745:

in 1987. In the present, Sri Lanka enjoys extensive relations with China, Russia, and Pakistan.

3834:

The current political culture in Sri Lanka is a contest between two rival coalitions led by the

3480: 3226:

recurrent flooding and related damages to infrastructure, utility supply and the urban economy.

2628:

J. R. Jayewardene was the most influential political figure of Sri Lanka in the 1970s and 1980s.

2617:

The formal ceremony marking the start of self-rule, with the opening of the first parliament at

1615:, a semi-legendary prince who sailed with 700 followers to Sri Lanka, after being expelled from 22982: 22471: 21588: 21583: 21570: 21525: 21393: 20539: 20385: 20165: 20155: 20026: 20011: 19818: 19813: 19800: 19763: 19639: 19497: 19455: 19286: 19276: 19006: 18875: 15152: 15035: 13580: 13230: 11180: 9984: 9882:

Language, Religion, and Ethnic Assertiveness: The Growth of Sinhalese Nationalism in Sri Lanka0

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on 21 April 2019 resulted in the brutal death of 261 innocent people. On 26 April 2019 an anti

2899: 2891: 2699: 2637: 2545: 2316: 2154: 2099: 2076: 2018: 1776:, including Sinhalese Buddhist literature, were part of the University of Nalanda. In 245 BCE, 1586: 1330: 1280:("Island") appears but it is unknown whether it refers to the modern-day state. The Tamil term 1207: 1176: 767: 711: 630: 423: 21914: 18986: 18929: 18211: 17452:"Murky business: People are disappearing – and the government has been accused" 17173: 16655: 15994:"Sri Lanka abandons drive to become world's first organic country amid spiralling food prices" 14663: 11008: 10808: 10735: 10131: 9187: 8791: 8708: 7928: 7872: 7806: 7241: 2277: 2083:

690 nautical miles on 100 large ships with a 24,000 strong army. Unlike previous invaders, he

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by Simon de Silva appeared in 1905 and was followed by several revolutionary literary works.

6267: 6010: 5767:. Thirugnanasambanthar mentioned the names of several Sri Lankan Hindu temples in his works. 5735: 5665: 5655: 5640: 4955: 4786: 4407: 4222: 4151: 3897: 3857: 3680: 3585: 3433: 3409: 3389: 3385: 3239: 3189: 3021: 2863: 2777: 2765: 2747: 2661: 2404: 2308: 2262: 2246: 2236: 2041: 1950: 1835: 1823: 1682: 1624: 1490:(12,000 BP) are the most important. In these caves, archaeologists have found the remains of 1259: 1144: 1092: 949: 574: 404: 373: 362: 17562: 11177:"1990, The War Year if Ethnic Cleansing of the Muslims From North and the East of Sri Lanka" 6588:, compiled in the 9th century CE. The greatest literary feats of medieval Sri Lanka include 3060:, a land bridge existed between the Indian mainland and Sri Lanka. It now amounts to only a 2906: 2399:, fearing that French control of the Netherlands might deliver Sri Lanka to the French, the 1953:(r. 47–42 BCE). Sri Lankan monarchs undertook some remarkable construction projects such as 23959: 23646: 23487: 22922: 22481: 22466: 22059: 21340: 20866: 20549: 20380: 20319: 20219: 20106: 20036: 19964: 19951: 19753: 19468: 19356: 19266: 19185: 19153: 19029: 18906: 18355: 17153:. International Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression Mission to Sri Lanka. pp. 5–6. 17098:"Radio Ceylon/Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation: The history of broadcasting in Sri Lanka" 16707: 16538: 16299: 15389:"Sri Lanka's Debt Crisis Is So Bad The Government Doesn't Even Know How Much Money It Owes" 13515: 13120: 12018:"The January 26, 2001 Bhuj Earthquake and the Diffuse Western Boundary of the Indian Plate" 11232: 11061: 9752: 8595: 8336: 8331: 7615: 6918: 6879:

and 2018, the men's team becoming champions and the women's team winning second place. The

6856: 6844: 6813: 6784: 6721: 6691: 6664: 6439: 6263: 6116: 6079: 6014: 5995: 5918: 4986:, registering high levels of contentment and charitable behaviour in its society. In 2010, 4979: 4853: 4839: 4635: 4015: 4008: 3969:, decided not to seek re-election in 2019. The Rajapaksa family regained power in November 3966: 3939: 3835: 3761: 3589: 3581: 3278: 2971: 2942: 2938: 2844: 2649: 2608: 2537: 2281: 2250: 1984: 1927: 1698: 1671: 1435: 1223: 1172: 495: 343: 23062: 15301: 15233: 14475: 14430: 14310: 12648: 5797:

as well as Portuguese missionaries. The remaining Christians are evenly split between the

5782:

and are believed to be descendants of Arab traders and the local women whom they married.

5128:

Sri Lanka has roughly 22,156,000 people and an annual population growth rate of 0.5%. The

4862: 4614: 3419: 2423:

invasion in 1803 but successfully retaliated. The First Kandyan War ended in a stalemate.

1524:. This cultural complex spread from southern India along with Dravidian clans such as the 8: 22863: 22805: 22555: 22502: 21690: 21660: 21637: 21605: 21436: 21373: 21236: 21226: 20943: 20237: 20160: 19644: 19306: 19210: 16366: 15998: 15813:"Opinion | The ban on chemical fertilizer and the way forward of Sri Lankan Tea Industry" 14497:

Murthy, P. (2000). "Indo-Sri Lankan security perceptions: Divergences and convergences".

12263: 9648: 8525: 8054: 6332: 6259: 6251: 5999: 5929: 5860: 5624:

and Dutch with varying proficiency, while members of the Malay community speak a form of

5106:, predicted that the ban would reduce the paddy harvest in 2022 by an unprecedented 50%. 4766: 3888:

in July 1951. SLFP registered its first victory in 1956, defeating the ruling UNP in the

3850: 3719: 3405: 3400:. Sinharaja is home to 26 endemic birds and 20 rainforest species, including the elusive 3259: 3045: 3033: 2950:

erupted all over the country, with protesters demanding the resignation of the President

2941:

in 73 years. In August 2021, a food emergency was declared. In June 2022, Prime Minister

2929:

with the operation being successful and National Thowheeth Jama'ath's insurgency ending.

2828: 2824: 2586: 2343: 2158: 2134: 1784: 1757: 1694: 1608: 1577: 1314: 1120: 1030: 522: 474: 136: 21555: 17230: 16711: 13948: 13597: 12456: 11942:"Sri Lanka's Economic Reform Program is Starting to Work—Keep at It for a Full Recovery" 11065: 5140:

constitute the largest ethnic group in the country, with 74.8% of the total population.

1248:

In antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travellers by a variety of names. According to the

23944: 21483: 21368: 21290: 21270: 21231: 20922: 20407: 20340: 20292: 20287: 20272: 20247: 20242: 20182: 20143: 20118: 19351: 19291: 19215: 18976: 18934: 17960: 16731: 16723: 15695: 15645: 15090: 14514: 14151: 14098: 12792: 12757: 12738: 12430: 11455: 11327: 11295: 10532: 9849: 9057: 8233: 8131: 7649:. Sri Lanka National Commisssion for Unesco and the Central Cultural Fund. p. 21. 7297: 7118: 6848: 6809: 6769: 6655: 6347: 6297: 6255: 6206: 6187: 6137: 6087: 6018: 5969: 5770: 5675: 5613: 5063: 5055: 4988: 4983: 4883: 4827: 3996: 3974: 3615: 3573: 3373: 3362: 3354: 3100: 3041: 3037: 3029: 2951: 2801: 2790: 2633: 2574: 2505: 2443: 2296:, a location he thought more secure from attack. In 1619, succumbing to attacks by the 2000: 1666:

further recounts the later migration of royal brides and service castes from the Tamil

1379: 1243: 1187: 1116: 535: 444: 378: 284: 18259: 18226: 16872:"Who was "Father" of free education in Sri Lanka?: C.W.W. Kannangara or A. Ratnayake?" 16134: 15721: 14454:"India-Sri Lanka: 1921 Conference On Fisheries And Ceding Of Kachchatheevu – Analysis" 8407: 8332:"Reading the past in a more inclusive way – Interview with Dr. Sudharshan Seneviratne" 3860:(UNP). After 2018, two major political parties have split from these two parties: The 2476:

and amalgamated the Kandyan and maritime provinces as a single unit of government. An

2181:. Zheng He captured King Vira Alakesvara and later released him. Zheng He erected the 22902: 22476: 22263: 22258: 22253: 21655: 21578: 21300: 21285: 21076: 20701: 20590: 20413: 20257: 20076: 20051: 19631: 19316: 19173: 18817: 18754: 18712: 18693: 18683: 17934: 17892: 17836: 17805: 17778: 17711: 17676: 17634: 17607: 17332:"Report of the Secretary – General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka" 17037: 16887: 16833: 16735: 16500: 16042: 16003: 14705: 14518: 14362: 14182: 14125: 13974: 13969:. southasiaanalysis.org. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. 13579:. Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Sciences. December 2010. p. 139. Archived from 13478: 12983: 12797: 12779: 12680: 12641:"An interview with Dr. Ranil Senanayake, chairman of Rainforest Rescue International" 12605: 12199: 12110: 11984: 11681: 11156: 11101: 10884: 10857: 10772: 10713: 10647: 10569: 10500: 10461: 10188: 10184:

The Buddhist revival in Sri Lanka: Religious tradition, reinterpretation and response

10137: 10065: 9890: 9812: 9779: 9442: 9399: 9321: 9234: 9112: 9049: 8950: 8923: 8896: 8820: 8685: 8475: 8444: 8280: 8029: 7907: 7878: 7839: 7812: 7785: 7650: 7592: 7565: 7335: 6805: 6757: 6447: 6423: 6067: 5740: 5704: 5621: 5609: 5369: 5238: 5153: 5141: 4879: 4713:

of 1974 were signed between Sri Lankan and Indian leaders in an attempt to solve the

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in parliament and shares many executive responsibilities, mainly in domestic affairs.

3543: 3401: 2895: 2812: 2768:, the widow of Bandaranaike, took office as prime minister in 1960, and withstood an 2665: 2664:

against withdrawal of the rice rations resulted in the resignation of prime minister

2582: 2355: 2297: 2228: 2162: 2061: 1628: 1513:, an indigenous people numbering approximately 2,500 living in modern-day Sri Lanka. 1302: 1136: 1132: 1077: 1061: 397: 331: 309: 122: 23674: 18645: 18484: 18064: 18045: 16853: 15611:"Sri Lanka parliament passes emergency regulations to seize food stocks, warehouses" 14332: 13466:

Sri Lanka's development since independence: socio-economic perspectives and analyses

13374: 13312: 12742: 12079: 11732:"Sri Lanka becomes first Asia-Pacific country in decades to default on foreign debt" 11354: 9674: 6725: 5779: 3670:

and two Supreme Court judges, appoints, transfers, and dismisses lower court judges.

2776:

and China, while promoting a policy of non-alignment. In 1971, Ceylon experienced a

1842:

was invaded at least eight times by neighbouring South Indian dynasties such as the

23789: 23784: 23779: 23774: 23661: 23656: 23651: 23053: 23022: 22992: 22892: 22840: 22730: 21950: 21204: 20961: 20417: 20170: 20001: 19724: 19686: 19425: 19341: 19311: 19296: 18087: 17133: 17029: 16715: 14506: 13170: 12909: 12787: 12769: 12728: 12673:

The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora

12671: 12527: 11069: 10025: 9041: 7057: 7021: 7015: 6963: 6910: 6801: 6791: 6431: 6380: 6120:

almost physically indistinguishable. Ancient Sri Lanka is marked for its genius in

5933: 5798: 5601: 5145: 5137: 5059: 4997: 4968: 4638:(NAM). While ensuring that it maintains its independence, Sri Lanka has cultivated 3943: 3508: 3499: 3323: 3222: 3203: 3061: 2679: 2675: 2500: 2454: 2435: 2431: 2339: 2293: 2202: 2194: 2138: 2130: 2092: 1976: 1807: 1750: 1394: 1148: 1128: 1065: 1057: 872: 819: 315: 303: 266: 74: 48: 20441: 19251: 16105:"Early Man and the Rise of Civilisation in Sri Lanka: the Archaeological Evidence" 13095: 13073: 10100: 8784:"Historical trees: Overlooked aspect of heritage that needs a revival of interest" 8302:"Early Man and the Rise of Civilisation in Sri Lanka: the Archaeological Evidence" 6572: 3965:, ending his ten-year presidency. However, his successor as Sri Lankan President, 2173:

and his naval expeditionary force landed at Galle, Sri Lanka in 1409 and got into

1250: 23759: 23127: 23122: 23117: 23112: 23107: 22931: 22775: 21413: 21177: 21165: 20917: 20633: 19828: 19537: 18888: 18871: 18807: 18750: 18744: 18706: 18677: 17993: 17882: 17826: 17799: 17764: 17707: 17697: 17670: 17628: 17601: 17502: 16823: 16600: 16494: 16411: 15903:"Organic Farming In Sri Lanka – Ideology Of Hitler & Sri Lankan Agri "Cults"" 15678: 14822: 14172: 14119: 13474: 13464: 13431: 12510: 12371: 12193: 12130: 11978: 11959: 11091: 11087: 10804: 10762: 10563: 10494: 10455: 10182: 10059: 10013: 9929: 9880: 9800: 9773: 9696: 9523: 9481: 9432: 9389: 9307: 9270: 9228: 9147: 9106: 8989: 8944: 8917: 8890: 8814: 8679: 8465: 8438: 8266: 7833: 7729: 7681: 7642: 7557: 6957: 6427: 6419: 6320: 6231: 5866: 5628: 5625: 5071: 5067: 5019: 4826:

Sri Lanka is the 100th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024

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hands" or "copper-red earth"), because his followers' hands were reddened by the

1042: 994: 508: 150: 21545: 19062: 18624: 18560: 18023: 17732:"Dr. Lester James Peiris, Father of Sri Lankan Cinema, celebrates 90th Birthday" 13252: 12280: 12160: 11052:

Stokke, K.; Ryntveit, A.K. (2000). "The Struggle for Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka".

10880: 9032:

Bokay, Mon (1966). "Relations between Ceylon and Burma in the 11th Century AD".

7334:

De Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. University of California Press.

3194: 2910:

Ranil Wickremesinghe has been serving as Prime Minister of Sri Lanka since 2022.

2559:

actually started in the early 1900s, but the first case was documented in 1906.

2323:

to get rid of the Portuguese who ruled most of the coastal areas. The following

1760:

and monasteries and support the propagation of Buddhism into other countries in

1171:

of Sri Lanka in 1972. Sri Lanka's more recent history was marred by the 26-year

23526: 22987: 22912: 22820: 22491: 22343: 21550: 21540: 21310: 21216: 20529: 20175: 19914: 19909: 19872: 19654: 19649: 19326: 19281: 19225: 18502: 17856: 17338: 16078:. Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. 20 April 2012. Archived from 14859: 13029: 12873: 11852:"Sri Lankan crisis: Protesters set PM Ranil Wickremesinghe's residence on fire" 10910: 10731: 10420: 9730: 7980: 7104: 7083: 6864: 6675: 6577: 6367: 6214: 6210: 5925: 5905: 5851: 5828: 5794: 5617: 5605: 5149: 5133: 4805: 4762: 4758: 4643: 4103: 3557:

In common with many democracies, the Sri Lankan government has three branches:

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to flee to the southern part of Sri Lanka. Taking advantage of this situation,

1847: 1792: 1764:. Sri Lankan Bhikkhus studied in India's famous ancient Buddhist University of 1761: 1667: 1472: 1422: 1410: 1285: 1263: 1227: 1160: 1156: 1073: 1034: 1014: 561: 366: 327: 271: 89: 63: 17260: 16719: 16168: 14777: 14510: 13542:"Sri Lanka Tamil National Alliance denies having talks with Buddhist prelates" 12897: 9002: 7693: 3596:

in 2015, the president has two terms, which previously stood at no term limit.

1802:

Sri Lanka experienced the first of many foreign invasions during the reign of

23938: 23920: 23907: 22373: 21378: 21069: 20927: 19256: 19066: 19023: 19000: 18967: 17888: 17832: 17736: 17703: 16104: 16046: 16007: 15747: 15519: 15125: 14636: 14604: 13810:"New Sri Lanka President Anura Kumara Dissanayake sworn in – DW – 09/23/2024" 13546: 13470: 12783: 12223: 11912:"Sri Lanka cuts policy rates to reduce inflation and boost economic recovery" 11822:"President Gotabaya Rajapaksa Resigns – letter sent to Speaker of Parliament" 11762:"Sri Lanka to reduce power cut duration from April 18 as rains start – PUCSL" 9053: 8301: 8224:

Kennedy, Kenneth A.R., Disotell, T.W., Roertgen, J., Chiment, J., Sherry, J.

8162: 7386:"Census of Population and Housing 2011 Enumeration Stage February–March 2012" 6875:. Sri Lanka has also won the Carrom World Championship titles twice in 2012, 6836: 6508: 6465: 6453: 6335:, who has directed a number of movies which led to global acclaim, including 6311: 6306: 6277: 6072: 5913: 5802: 5471: 5144:

are the second major ethnic group in the island, with a percentage of 11.2%.

5095: 4914: 4904: 4627: 4080: 3839: 3607: 3569: 3535: 3527: 3274: 3112: 3108: 3025: 2492: 2209:

was discovered by S. H. Thomlin at Galle in 1911 and is now preserved in the

2072: 1965: 1843: 1773: 1738: 1616: 1612: 1499: 1483: 1320: 1255: 1026: 929: 230: 217: 22145: 17477:"UN Human Rights Commissioner: 'democracy has been undermined' in Sri Lanka" 16907: 16073:"Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing, 2011 – Population by Ethnicity" 14217: 12774: 12733: 12716: 11073: 10809:"International and Regional Implications of the Sri Lankan Tamil Insurgency" 10367: 10335: 10289: 10006: 9922: 9805:

Being "Dutch" in the Indies: a history of creolisation and empire, 1500–1920

9474: 8982: 6559: 6309:

of Chitra Kala Movietone, heralded the coming of Sri Lankan cinema in 1947.

6146: 5819:

Religion plays a prominent role in the life and culture of Sri Lankans. The

5724: 1910: 23521: 23448: 22848: 22780: 22765: 22389: 22034: 21894: 21802: 21530: 21495: 20982: 20861: 20826: 20574: 19919: 19331: 19321: 19071: 18697: 18433: 18407: 18377: 18359: 18340: 18286: 18245: 18196: 18163: 16542: 14285: 14255: 13460: 12801: 10717: 10686:. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. pp. 248–254. Archived from 9504:

Power, Protection and Magic in Thailand: The Cosmos of a Southern Policeman

9434:

Buddha in the Crown: Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka

9149:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 7

8530: 7751: 7179: 6840: 6788: 6729: 6703: 6469: 6435: 6376: 6171: 5979: 5539: 5160:

who are believed to be the original indigenous group to inhabit the island.

5157: 4808: 4774: 4722: 4698: 4683: 4667: 4461: 4331: 4208: 4164: 4139: 3781: 3659: 3623: 3349: 3335: 3013: 2773: 2729: 2529: 2439: 2312: 2232: 2169:(Philippines) into Sri Lanka which occurred since 200 BCE. Chinese admiral 2150: 1882: 1706: 1510: 1468: 1452: 1375: 1152: 1022: 291: 16556: 14563: 10970: 8678:

Holt, John Clifford (2004). "Sri Lanka". In Buswell, Robert E. Jr. (ed.).

8408:"Pre-state chieftains and servants of the state: a case study of Parumaka" 7068: 6717: 6386:

The earliest music in Sri Lanka came from theatrical performances such as

5723:

attained enlightenment was brought to Sri Lanka during the same time. The

4678:

in 1951, while many countries were reluctant, Sri Lanka argued for a free

1721:

and palaces. Society underwent a major transformation during the reign of

1387: 80: 23705: 23636: 23007: 22745: 22715: 22565: 22368: 22282: 21172: 21160: 21140: 21081: 20811: 20751: 20746: 20641: 20579: 20569: 20564: 19148: 19075: 17451: 17195: 16681:"Maldives, Sri Lanka eliminate measles and rubella, ahead of 2023 target" 14791: 12979: 12894: 12490: 12376: 12318: 11233:"One year after the tsunami, Sri Lankan survivors still live in squalour" 8169:. XIII U. I. S. P. P. Congress Proceedings – Forli, 8–14 September 1996. 7524: 6687: 6642: 6464:

There are three main styles of Sri Lankan classical dance. They are, the

6443: 6227: 5840: 5809: 5775: 5744: 5573: 5079: 4908: 4726: 4702: 4304: 4089: 3647: 3580:, and is popularly elected for a five-year term. The president heads the 3327: 3053: 2978:

was sworn in as Sri Lanka's new president after winning the presidential

2657: 2516: 2473: 2374: 2142: 2037: 1988: 1811: 1796: 1780: 1549: 1536: 1535:

One of the first written references to the island is found in the Indian

1503: 1464: 1356: 1219: 1038: 21800: 18996: 17741: 17414: 17033: 16135:"Population of Municipal Councils and Urban Councils by sex Census 2012" 13290: 12552: 12219: 11509:"Wife, daughter of Sri Lanka bombings mastermind will survive blast:..." 10101:"Gongale Goda Banda (1809–1849) : The leader of the 1848 rebellion" 9977:"History of Sri Lanka and significant World events from 1796 AD to 1948" 7674: 7094: 6492:. An elaborate headdress is worn by the male dancers, and a drum called 6418:, recorded in 1903, was released through Radio Ceylon. Songwriters like 5998:

in Sri Lanka has been alleged by media freedom groups to be amongst the

4694:

in 1955, which was an important step in the crystallisation of the NAM.

3630: 3468: 2384: 1685:, a 12-metre-tall (39 ft) standing Buddha statue from the reign of 1611:. Sinhalese history traditionally starts in 543 BCE with the arrival of 1582: 1403: 95: 23563: 23331: 23270: 23257: 23218: 23205: 23017: 22760: 22700: 22630: 22570: 22287: 22081: 22054: 21934: 21888: 21877: 21872: 21862: 21363: 21253: 21145: 21124: 20871: 20846: 20761: 20741: 20691: 20661: 20651: 20559: 20492: 19924: 17672:

Contemporary Asian cinema: popular culture in a global frame, Chapter 8

17423:"Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances" 17253:"Amnesty International – Sri Lanka Human Rights Reports" 16727: 13204: 12053: 9313: 9061: 8012: 7747:"'We're finished': Sri Lankans pushed to the brink by financial crisis" 6872: 6860: 6679: 6581: 6551: 6199: 5760: 5720: 5716: 5437: 5319: 5301: 5129: 5120: 4943: 4655: 4358: 4062: 3854: 3792: 3655: 3547: 3326:. Among the trees of the dry-land forests are valuable species such as 3263: 3115: 3005: 2996: 2852: 2836: 2832: 2694:) against the bill, which prompted Bandaranaike to reach an agreement ( 2691: 2653: 2469: 2146: 2033: 1968: 1827: 1788: 1697:(377 BCE – 1017 CE) began with the establishment of the 1677: 1456: 1096: 1018: 21849: 18110: 17990:"A survey of Sinhalese poetry from ancient times to the modern period" 16364: 12914: 12758:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 12556:"A brief overview of the Western Ghats—Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot" 11792:"Sri Lanka protesters break into President's House as thousands rally" 9492:

India's interaction with Southeast Asia, by Govind Chandra Pande p.286

7562:

Urbanization and sustainability in Asia: case studies of good practice

6550:

Sri Lankan literature spans at least two millennia and is heir to the

5982:) is the oldest-running radio station in Asia, established in 1923 by 23980:

Member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

23880: 23835: 23810: 22997: 22947: 22872: 22770: 22695: 22560: 22358: 22333: 22104: 22039: 21974: 21867: 21093: 21035: 20831: 20711: 20307: 20302: 19929: 17912: 17770: 14701: 9395: 9153: 8713: 8197: 7929:"In Search of Taprobane: the Western discovery and mapping of Ceylon" 6711: 6707: 6702:. Aquatic sports such as boating, surfing, swimming, kitesurfing and 6660: 6357: 6325: 6219: 6183: 6174:, jaggery, cashews, eggs, and spices including cinnamon and nutmeg), 6167: 5708: 5505: 4412: 3694: 3520: 3376:

in the southeast protects herds of elephant, deer, and peacocks. The

3282:

fauna, 27% of the 3,210 flowering plants and 22% of the mammals, are

3177: 3089: 3065: 2338:—the traditional symbol of royal and religious authority amongst the 2190: 2022: 1930:

containing the completed Canon were taken to other countries such as

1894: 1777: 1746: 1663: 1647: 1637: 1595: 1509:

The earliest inhabitants of Sri Lanka were probably ancestors of the

1325: 1112: 13778:

Jayasinghe, Uditha; Pal, Alasdair; Ghoshal, Devjyot (21 July 2022).

13662:"Sri Lanka's ruling party calls an election, hoping for a landslide" 13598:"Sri Lankan Muslims: Between ethno-nationalism and the global ummah" 13205:"Sri Lanka Society & Culture: Customs, Rituals & Traditions" 12281:"5 Coral Reefs of Sri Lanka: Current Status And Resource Management" 11538:"15 bodies including children found at blast site in Sainthamaruthu" 9045: 8069:"The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka" 2284:, in 1505. In 1517, the Portuguese built a fort at the port city of 1949:

Sri Lanka was the first Asian country known to have a female ruler:

23885: 23855: 23396: 23357: 23294: 23231: 22960: 22790: 22725: 22685: 22680: 22665: 22615: 22610: 22595: 22585: 22575: 22312: 22302: 22049: 22024: 22009: 22004: 21904: 21821: 21473: 21199: 21189: 21054:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

20912: 20851: 20806: 20786: 20781: 20776: 20676: 20428: 19102: 18980: 18902: 16524: 15672:

Sri Lanka: Transport at a Glance – Core Road Performance Indicators

14632:"World leaders send warm greeting to Sri Lanka on Independence Day" 11359: 8867: 7078: 6817: 6781: 6501: 6442:

have contributed much towards the progression of Sri Lankan music.

6195: 6191: 6159: 6109: 5945: 5820: 5764: 5752: 5748: 5700: 5523: 5421: 4887: 3523: 3339: 3283: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3144:

and played a vital role in buffering the force of the waves in the

3137: 3122: 2781: 2544:

on a communal basis. Buddhist and Hindu revivalism reacted against

2273: 2241: 2170: 2118: 2088: 2045: 1954: 1939: 1935: 1874: 1726: 1557: 1539: 1487: 1460: 1360: 1267: 1168: 1164: 1046: 924: 876: 600: 16214:. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from 14400: 14333:"Bandung Conference of 1955 and the resurgence of Asia and Africa" 14092:"List of Codes for the Administrative Divisions of Sri Lanka 2001" 8105:

The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

8074:. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. 7 September 1978. 7353:"Mid-year Population Estimates by District & Sex, 2014 - 2023" 6740:

achieved considerable success beginning in the 1990s, rising from

6098: 4926:, Bank of Ceylon and Galadari Hotel are also visible in the image. 3068:. Legends claim that it was passable on foot up to 1480 CE, until 2613: 2028: 1556:, the God of Wealth. It is said that Kubera was overthrown by his 1378:, the island was known as Ceylon; it achieved independence as the 23870: 23865: 23845: 23805: 23550: 23409: 23344: 23318: 23153: 22965: 22937: 22825: 22720: 22705: 22670: 22655: 22640: 22363: 22014: 21929: 21882: 21842: 21831: 21816: 21598: 21593: 20876: 20791: 20771: 20656: 20646: 17957:"The Sinhala Theatre of Sri Lanka: A Form of Political Discourse" 17214: 16750:"Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24) – Sri Lanka" 15963:"Organic food revolution in Sri Lanka threatens its tea industry" 15057: 11097: 10290:"Chronology of events related to Tamils in Sri Lanka (1500–1948)" 9942:"The first British occupation and the definitive Dutch surrender" 8272: 7732: 6695: 6683: 6668: 6567: 6555: 6239: 6033:

and the LTTE have both been accused of violating human rights. A

5879: 5875: 5836: 5455: 5403: 5353: 5251: 5233: 5066:, spans 1,447 kilometres (900 mi). Sri Lanka also has three 4793: 4623: 4522: 4493: 4466: 3366: 3214: 3173: 3141: 3129: 3119: 3069: 2851:

resulted in the start of a civil war, and in response anti-Tamil

2581:, which succeeded the legislative council. In 1937, Tamil leader 2460:

The beginning of the modern period of Sri Lanka is marked by the

2359: 2285: 2126: 2122: 2084: 2071:

After his demise, Sri Lanka gradually decayed in power. In 1215,

2065: 1957:, the so-called "Fortress in the Sky", built during the reign of 1906: 1765: 1734: 1659: 1529: 1491: 1476: 1159:, which extended control over the whole island, colonising it as 392: 253: 208: 18945: 16492: 14097:. Department of Census and Statistics. p. 3. Archived from 11137:"Chapter 30: Whirlpool of violence, Sri Lanka: The Untold Story" 8922:. Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of Cultural Affairs. 7981:"Serendipity – definition of serendipity by The Free Dictionary" 5896: 4938: 3973:

when Mahinda's younger brother and former wartime defence chief

2272:

The early modern period of Sri Lanka begins with the arrival of

23860: 23815: 23589: 23474: 23383: 23244: 23012: 22830: 22815: 22810: 22735: 22675: 22645: 22605: 22600: 22590: 22580: 22394: 22292: 21999: 21994: 21989: 21836: 21150: 20932: 20856: 20821: 20756: 20736: 20726: 20686: 20671: 20666: 20497: 18971: 18864: 18212:"Final: Australia v Sri Lanka at Bridgetown, Apr 28, 2007" 18046:"Martin Wickramasinghe: An icon of world intellectual heritage" 17284:"The British duplicity in protecting human rights in Sri Lanka" 16979: 16796: 16208:"A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012" 15393: 12843: 9517:"Astronesians Historical and Comparative Perspectives" Page 146 8369:

Social base of early Buddhism in south east India and Sri Lanka

6699: 6512: 6383:

is well known for his English-language novels and three films.

6337: 6223: 6104: 5832: 5813: 5335: 4992:

placed Sri Lanka at the top of its list of 31 places to visit.

4891: 4385: 3663: 3550:. The Constitution of Sri Lanka officially declares it to be a 3319: 3277:

of India and Sri Lanka were included among the first 18 global

3165: 3161: 3133: 2925:

was carried out against the National Thowheeth Jama'ath by the

2795: 2645: 2549: 2485: 2366: 1922: 1859: 1742: 1620: 1604: 1561: 1553: 1495: 1479: 335: 18881: 16352:"Theravada Buddhism and Shan/Thai/Dai/Laos Regions Boxun News" 15634: 15632: 15581:"Sri Lanka parliament approves state of emergency – Food News" 15551:"Sri Lanka Central Bank Chief Steps Down Amid Reserves Crisis" 15487:"China on track to bail out Sri Lanka with US$ 1.25bn in 2018" 13289:. Department of Election, Sri Lanka. July 2011. Archived from 13008:

Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

12595:

Mahindapala, R. (2002). "Sri Lanka". In Carew-Reid, J. (ed.).

10492: 9761:. London: Reprint. Asian Educational Services. pp. 19–47. 9344:..His invasion in 1215 was more or less a looting expedition.. 7004: 6186:

may sometimes replace rice. Traditionally food is served on a

5156:

from Southeast Asia. Moreover, there is a small population of

5148:

comprise 9.2%. There are also small ethnic groups such as the

4674:

Foreign Minister's Conference held in Colombo in 1950. At the

4022:. President Ranil Wickremesinghe was defeated by left-leaning 2780:, which was quickly suppressed. In 1972, the country became a 2573:

of 1931 repudiated the communal representation and introduced

1787:

tree, which is considered to be a sapling from the historical

1502:, and other evidence suggesting that they may have engaged in 24005:

Countries and territories where Tamil is an official language

23850: 23830: 23825: 23820: 23615: 23503: 23435: 23422: 23370: 23179: 23166: 22800: 22755: 22710: 22690: 22660: 22650: 22635: 22625: 22353: 22338: 22307: 22297: 22064: 22029: 21969: 21899: 21857: 21826: 21194: 21155: 21040: 20881: 20841: 20816: 20796: 20731: 20706: 20696: 20681: 17021: 15933:"Sri Lanka's organic push threatens to backpedal ag progress" 10628:"Sri Lanka: The untold story – Assassination of Bandaranaike" 8167:

International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences

7777: 7588:

Essential Buddhism: A Complete Guide to Beliefs and Practices

7030: 6179: 6175: 6155: 5557: 5267: 5075: 4679: 4579: 4439: 4277: 3331: 3080: 3009: 2954:. The protests culminated with the storming and siege of the 2798: 2533: 2206: 2186: 2014: 1931: 1815: 1718: 1544: 1525: 1342: 1281: 1275: 1085: 1050: 18849: 16874:. Trans Currents. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 16395:

Asian Religions in British Columbia, UBC Press 2011, p. 125.

16367:"Hindus and Others: A Sri Lankan Perspective (Introduction)" 15520:"Covid: Sri Lanka in economic emergency as food prices soar" 13780:"Sri Lanka gets new president in six-time PM Wickremesinghe" 12679:. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Environment. p. 114. 12109:. Vol. A–Aj. New Delhi: South Asia Books. p. 142. 11960:"Anura Kumara Dissanayake sworn in as Sri Lanka's president" 11702:"Sri Lanka's PM says its debt-laden economy has 'collapsed'" 10457:

Fighting Words: language policy and ethnic relations in Asia

10057: 6527:

in 1956. It was followed by a series of popular dramas like

5928:

system established in 1945 is a result of the initiative of

4878:

is the second highest in the South Asian region in terms of

4044:

For administrative purposes, Sri Lanka is divided into nine

3654:. Laws pertaining to marriage, divorce, and inheritance are 2411:) with little difficulty in 1796. Two years later, in 1798, 2315:

explorers arrived on the island. In 1638, the king signed a

23840: 23602: 23576: 23192: 23092: 22853: 22795: 22620: 22486: 22348: 22019: 21984: 21979: 20891: 20801: 20766: 20721: 20716: 20625: 20487: 19026:

an ancient Sri Lankan chronicle written in the 6th century.

17449: 15629: 14000:. Department of Census and Statistics. 2012. Archived from 13349: 12367:"Availability of sizeable deposits of thorium in Sri Lanka" 11882:"Ranil Wickremesinghe takes oath as President of Sri Lanka" 11658:"Sri Lanka declares food emergency as forex crisis worsens" 10709: 8840: 7272:"2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Sri Lanka" 7039: 7033: 6992: 6986: 6972: 6235: 6163: 5824: 3343: 3270:. The 2011 elephant census estimated a population of 5,879. 3169: 2831:

modelled after that of France. It made Sri Lanka the first

2102:. The north, in the meanwhile, eventually evolved into the 2091:

as possible. His reign saw the massive migration of native

1943: 1869: 1600: 22532: 17157: 16035:"Sri Lankan families go hungry as cost of food skyrockets" 12832: 9269:. International Lake Environment Committee. Archived from 7957:. Dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu. 1 September 2001. Archived from 6998: 6646:

is considered the iconic figure of Sri Lankan literature.

6222:

on 25 December to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ and

6029:

have criticised human rights violations in Sri Lanka. The

4870:

According to the International Monetary Fund, Sri Lanka's

3044:. Sri Lanka is separated from the mainland portion of the 18322:"John Player Gold Leaf Trophy (Asia Cup) 1985/86 (Final)" 18264: 18227:"India power past Sri Lanka to Cricket World Cup triumph" 17656:

The Kandy Esala perahera: Asia's most spectacular pageant

17421:

United Nations, Human Rights Council Nineteenth session.

15641:"Sri Lanka's Plunge Into Organic Farming Brings Disaster" 13693:"Gotabaya Rajapaksa Wins Sri Lanka Presidential Election" 13429: 12755: 12054:"Geographic Coordinates for Sri Lanka Towns and Villages" 11100:: South Asian Network on Conflict Research. p. 353. 11054:

Growth and Change: A Journal of Urban and Regional Policy

9771: 8135: 7874:

Autonomy and Ethnic Conflict in South and South-East Asia

7723:

Reuters Sri Lanka wins civil war, says kills rebel leader

7245: 6983: 6291:

was constructed as a major venue for the performing arts.

6226:

to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus. Tamils celebrate

5763:

of Sri Lanka drew heavily from this particular strand of

4947: 4005:

anti-government protests and demonstrations by the public

3077:, reaching 2,524 metres (8,281 ft) above sea level. 944: 17503:"UN's Navi Pillay attacks Sri Lanka human rights record" 17443: 16405:

Lecture on Hindu sculpture and architecture of Sri Lanka

15514: 15512: 14600:"Russia and Sri Lanka to strengthen bilateral relations" 14275:"Sri Lanka excels at the San Francisco Peace Conference" 14114: 11628:"Sri Lanka declares worst economic downturn in 73 years" 11051: 10681:"Affirmative Action Policies: The Sri Lankan Experience" 8526:"Vijaya (Singha) and the Lankan Monarchs – Family #3000" 8101:"Chapter I – The People, The State And Sovereignty" 3900:

became the prime minister and the world's first elected

2815:

swept to power in 1977, defeating the largely unpopular

1838:. During its two and a half millennia of existence, the 17148:"Media under fire: Press freedom lockdown in Sri Lanka" 15573: 15359:"Why Sri Lanka's economic outlook is looking less rosy" 14853:"UN Mission's Summary detailed by Country – March 2012" 14754:. Lanka Business Online. 10 August 2009. Archived from 13929:. peace-srilanka.org. 14 September 2010. Archived from 13632:"Sri Lanka President Sirisena abandons re-election bid" 8946:

A Study of the Economic History of Pre Modern Sri Lanka

6414:

were performed at these dramas. The first music album,

6245: 6170:, wattalapam (a rich pudding of Malay origin made with 6037:

accused both the LTTE and the Sri Lankan government of

6035:

report by an advisory panel to the UN secretary-general

5089: 1877:("Lion Rock"), a rock fortress and city, built by King 20620: 18859: 18843: 18302:"Top 50 Highest Test Wicket Takers in Cricket History" 14989: 14987: 14985: 14983: 14981: 14979: 14977: 14823:"UN 'failed Sri Lanka civilians', says internal probe" 13947:. LankaNewspapers.com. 17 October 2006. Archived from 13606:

Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism

11598:"Everything to Know About Sri Lanka's Economic Crisis" 11001:"Uppermost in our minds was to save the Gandhis' name" 10941:"The Black July 1983 that Created a Collective Trauma" 10634:. 2002. Archived from the original on 20 December 2001 8051:"Etymologies of Lanka, Serendib, Taprobane and Ceylon" 5184:(2012 Department of Census and Statistics enumeration) 3095:

Sri Lanka has 103 rivers. The longest of these is the

23704: 17626: 17310:"Sri Lanka: Country Report on Human Rights Practices" 15509: 13905:"Lanka heads for collision course with India: Report" 13691:

Bastians, Dharisha; Schultz, Kai (17 November 2019).

12524:"Sri Lanka Survey Finds More Elephants Than Expected" 9370: 9368: 9354: 9352: 8936: 7640: 7036: 6989: 6966: 6584:(commentary). The oldest surviving prose work is the 5904:

is a research institute specialising in the field of

4882:. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Sri Lanka became a 3914:

counterpart of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, founded the

2932:

Economic troubles in Sri Lanka began in 2019, when a

2403:

occupied the coastal areas of the island (which they

1814:. The next invasion came immediately in 205 BCE by a 1756:

Succeeding kingdoms of Sri Lanka would maintain many

1060:

form the majority of the population, followed by the

970: 18016:"Challenge to Buddha Jayanthi Stamp Selection Board" 17353:"L'ONU a caché l'ampleur des massacres au Sri Lanka" 16697: 16240:. Department of Census and Statistic. Archived from 15639:

Wipulasena, Aanya; Mashal, Mujib (7 December 2021).

15091:"Western Province share of national GDP falling: CB" 14925:"The Strategic Importance of Sri Lanka to Australia" 13777: 12749: 12669: 12404:. Cairn Lanka. 2009. pp. iv–vii. Archived from 11483:"Easter Sunday massacres: Where do we go from here?" 11386:

Weaver, Matthew; Chamberlain, Gethin (19 May 2009).

11258:

Weaver, Matthew; Chamberlain, Gethin (19 May 2009).

10187:. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. pp. 11–22. 9387: 7027: 7001: 6980: 6969: 6900: 5874:

declared that Sri Lanka had successfully eliminated

3954:

is the largest Muslim political party in Sri Lanka.

2690:(FP) launched a movement of non-violent resistance ( 1830:, the eldest son of the southern regional sub-king, 1631:. Vijaya (Singha) is the first of the approximately 20471: 18746:

Sri Lanka: Current issues and historical background

18732:Ganguly, Sumit. "Ending the Sri Lankan civil war." 18083:"Rugby: Sri Lanka, Asia's little-known rugby haven" 16654:. statistics.gov.lk. pp. 15–17. Archived from 16264:"Ashik v Bandula And Others (Noise Pollution Case)" 14974: 13963:"North East De-merger-At What Cost? Update No. 107" 13887:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

13574:"Revolutionary Idealism and Parliamentary Politics" 13056:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

13026:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

12949:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

12945:"Chapter 1 – The People, The State and Sovereignty" 11418:"Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN" 11143:. 2002. Archived from the original on 16 April 2002 9430: 8677: 7804: 7024: 6977: 6554:literary tradition as embodied in the hymns of the 6194:(rice cooked in stock and baked in a banana leaf), 4578:(usually rendered into English as Dissavony) was a 2636:, with independence proclaimed on 4 February 1948. 1662:speakers had attained dominance on the island, the 1296: 17797: 17668: 17653: 16194:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 16033:Wallen, Joe; Hewage, Nishantha (31 January 2022). 15239:(Report). World Economic Forum. pp. 326–327. 15206:. Department of Census and Statistics. p. 3. 14531: 13749:"Rajapaksa Clan Losing Grip on Power in Sri Lanka" 12973: 12714: 10083: 10081: 9878: 9365: 9349: 9305: 9160:for the Royal Asiatic Society. 1875. p. 152. 8909: 8264: 8160: 7218:. Department of Official Languages. Archived from 6682:, by far the most popular sport in the country is 4549: 1589:of Ceylon, first century CE, in a 1535 publication 1175:, which began in 1983 and ended in 2009, when the 18239: 18062: 17762: 17599: 17381:. Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from 16775:"Govt targets 75% computer literacy rate by 2016" 15764:. Ministry of Transport Sri Lanka. Archived from 14027:"Provincial Gross Domestic Product (PGDP) - 2022" 13995:"Census of Population and Housing Sri Lanka 2012" 13828:"The Constitution of Sri Lanka – Eighth Schedule" 11388:"Sri Lanka declares end to war with Tamil Tigers" 11385: 11260:"Sri Lanka declares end to war with Tamil Tigers" 11257: 10839: 9501: 8882: 8129: 6752:in the final on 17 March 1996. They also won the 6496:is used to assist the dancers to keep on rhythm. 4898:, which remains a trademark national export. The 4701:in 1959. Shortly afterward, Cuba's revolutionary 4682:and refused to accept payment of reparations for 4566:divisions. The districts are known in Sinhala as 2552:political leadership, which has since been lost. 642:65,610.2 km (25,332.2 sq mi) ( 23936: 22147:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 18583:"1995 SAFF Championship;globalsport archive.com" 18505:. International Olympic Committee. 20 June 2016. 18485:"Duncan White – the greatest Sri Lankan athlete" 18434:"Brilliant Sri Lanka clinch Asia Cup 2022 title" 18334: 18065:"Can Sri Lanka form an invincible cricket team?" 17931:"History of painting and sculpture in Sri Lanka" 16493:Young, R. F. & Sēnānāyaka, J. E. B. (1998). 16443:"Origins and Affinities of the Sri Lankan Moors" 15638: 14927:. asiapacificdefencereporter.com. Archived from 14451: 14248: 14170: 13854:"The Constitution of Sri Lanka – First Schedule" 12546: 12198:. London: Footprint Travel Guides. p. 372. 11086: 10844:. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002 10703: 10561: 10454:Ganguly, Šumit (2003). Brown, Michael E. (ed.). 10061:Economic policy in Sri Lanka: Issues and debates 9645:"The trilingual inscription of Admiral Zheng He" 8436: 5082:, in addition to the newest port being built at 4866:Development of real GDP per capita, 1820 to 2018 4558:. The districts are further subdivided into 256 3302:Sri Lanka contains four terrestrial ecoregions: 1854:. There also were incursions by the kingdoms of 1206:, with citizens successfully demanding that the 18282:"Murali gets 800, Sri Lanka win by ten wickets" 18224: 17905: 17824: 17695: 17450:Disappearances in Sri Lanka (14 January 2012). 17188: 17134:"Sri Lanka Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers" 16846: 15542: 13690: 13510: 13508: 13506: 13375:"Charting a new course for Sri Lanka's success" 12816:"Forests, Grasslands, and Drylands – Sri Lanka" 12715:Senevirathna, H.M.M.C.; Perera, P.K.P. (2013). 12513:, Marielle Dubbeling, the RUAF Foundation, 2014 12104: 11093:Sri Lanka's Ethnic Crisis and National Security 10911:"Remembering Sri Lanka's Black July – BBC News" 10803: 10493:Schmid, Bettina; Schroeder, Ingo, eds. (2001). 10180: 10129: 10078: 8781: 8163:"Pre and Protohistoric settlement in Sri Lanka" 7429:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022" 7393:Department of Census and Statistics – Sri Lanka 6049:, with a penalty of up to ten years in prison. 2528:By the end of the 19th century, a new educated 2503:broke out in 1848. A devastating leaf disease, 22411:SAARC Consortium on Open and Distance Learning 18668: 17220: 16821: 16468:"A Brief History Of Christianity In Sri Lanka" 16465: 16256: 13723:"Mahinda Rajapaksa sworn in as Sri Lanka's PM" 12315:International Union for Conservation of Nature 11235:. World Socialist Web Site. 29 December 2005. 11195: 11023:"For firmer and finer International Relations" 10760: 10730: 10453: 9778:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 37–43. 9230:Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis: Towards a Resolution 9108:Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis: Towards a Resolution 8362: 8360: 8299: 8016:. Archived from the original on 14 August 2001 7744: 7555: 6457:A Low Country drummer playing the traditional 5132:is 13.8 births per 1,000 people, and the 5018:In September 2021, Sri Lanka declared a major 5004:well above other South Asian countries in the 4690:in 1952. Sri Lanka played a vital role at the 3981:in August 2020. The family's political party, 3198:Sri Lanka map of Köppen climate classification 2472:political culture to the country based on the 2426:By then the entire coastal area was under the 2068:) for various perceived insults to Sri Lanka. 1806:, who was defeated by two horse traders named 1103:, which took place in 29 BCE. Also called the 23690: 23078: 22518: 22421:South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme 22131: 21786: 21109: 20606: 20457: 19118: 19098:World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Sri Lanka 18151: 17880: 17281: 16908:"Education: Traditional and Colonial Systems" 16575:"What Alabamians and Iranians Have in Common" 16425:"Lankan Muslims' historical links with India" 16141:. Department of Census and Statistics. 2012. 15231: 14904: 14845: 14694:International Institute for Strategic Studies 14363:"Lanka-Cuba relations should be strengthened" 12311:"Information Brief on Mangroves in Sri Lanka" 10678: 9104: 8915: 7926: 6800:, and four Sri Lankan cricketers ranked 2nd ( 6570:, as early as 29 BCE. Chronicles such as the 3815: 3024:. It is in the Indian Ocean southwest of the 2959:stormed, protesters besieged and stormed the 2369:Weliwita Sarankara and ignoring the right of 2056:was extensively expanded during the reign of 1909:subsequently died of starvation. Because the 82:Śrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajaya 40: 19:"Ceylon" redirects here. For other uses, see 23975:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 23033:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 23028:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 18704: 18189: 17662: 17221:Wickramasinghe, Lasantha (11 January 2009). 16308:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 16032: 15720:. Road Development Authority. Archived from 15694:. Road Development Authority. Archived from 15193: 13877: 13875: 13503: 13458: 13436:. India: Macmillan and co. ltd. p. 78. 13397: 13142:United Nations Public Administration Network 12721:Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment 12663: 12588: 12191: 11291:"Tamil Tigers Confirm Death of Their Leader" 11045: 10903: 10736:"The Exclusive Right to Write Eelam History" 10410: 10221:"Cutting edge of Hindu revivalism in Jaffna" 10058:Corea, Gamani & Kelegama, Saman (2004). 10053: 10051: 10018: 9751: 9226: 9222: 9220: 8888: 8846: 8238:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7643:"Sri Lankan Role in the Maritime Silk Route" 7584: 4739:India intervened in the Sri Lankan Civil War 3880:(LSSP), established in 1935, is the oldest. 2937:declared the ongoing crisis to be the worst 2536:arose through British attempts to staff the 2253:meeting with King Vimaladharmasuriya in 1602 1542:, which provides details of a kingdom named 1301:) was used to designate the whole island in 23054:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 18948:of the Department of Census and Statistics. 18353: 17984: 17982: 17980: 17978: 17923: 17876: 17874: 17872: 16769: 16767: 16346: 16344: 16321: 16319: 16317: 16304:International Religious Freedom Report 2007 16230: 15780:"Sri Lanka's shift towards organic farming" 15234:The Global Competitiveness Report 2011–2012 14950: 14948: 14946: 14656: 14212: 14210: 13107: 13105: 12594: 11179:. lankanewspapers.com. 2008. Archived from 10754: 10328: 10284: 10282: 9758:An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon 9398:: Asian Educational Services. p. 122. 8405: 8381: 8375: 8366: 8357: 8005: 7983:. Thefreedictionary.com. 10 November 2017. 6881:Sri Lankan National Badminton Championships 6724:holds the record for the highest number of 5839:also observe their own holidays. In a 2008 4646:in 1955. Today, it is also a member of the 4033: 2391:, the last ruling native Sri Lankan monarch 2114:. He ruled the North from 1450 to 1467 CE. 1467:human settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, 1351:. The Persians and Arabs referred to it as 55: 24000:States and territories established in 1972 23697: 23683: 23085: 23071: 22525: 22511: 22426:Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature 22138: 22124: 21793: 21779: 21116: 21102: 20613: 20599: 20464: 20450: 19125: 19111: 18954:from the Ministry of Finance and Planning. 18675: 17949: 17699:Sri Lanka's development since independence 17689: 17658:. Colombo: Lake House Bookshop. p. 7. 17630:Buddha in Sri Lanka: remembered yesterdays 17420: 17025:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 16593:"Our Pro-poor health care policy rewarded" 16065: 14564:"Sri Lanka: Background and U.S. Relations" 14311:"Lanka-China bilateral ties at its zenith" 14156:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 13955: 13915: 13052:"The Constitution of Sri Lanka – Contents" 12862: 11410: 11131: 11129: 10875: 10873: 9031: 8949:. Vikas Publishing House. pp. 44–45. 8852: 8709:"King Devanampiya Tissa (306 BC – 266 BC)" 8671: 8618:"Waterworld: Ancient Sinhalese Irrigation" 8463: 8048: 7811:. Asian Educational Services. p. 11. 7735:(18 May 2009). Retrieved 18 November 2012. 7616:"Religions – Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism" 3992:started due to the power struggle between 3892:. Following the parliamentary election in 3868:split from the UPFA. The third wing party 3822: 3808: 3449: 1987:. Subsequently, they moved the capital to 1520:, iron technology, farming techniques and 1011:Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 187: 42:ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය 19578:Deputy speaker and chairman of committees 19030:Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon 18844:Official Sri Lankan Government Web Portal 18109:. kitesurfingsrilanka.com. Archived from 17818: 17593: 17092: 17090: 15548: 14958:. Ministry of Finance – Sri Lanka. 2011. 14696:(3 February 2010). Hackett, James (ed.). 14084: 13897: 13872: 13452: 13369: 13367: 13197: 12913: 12791: 12773: 12732: 12604:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. p. 451. 12105:Garg, Ganga Ram (1992). "Adam's Bridge". 12098: 11475: 11080: 10963: 10672: 10604:. University of Edinburgh. Archived from 10048: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9798: 9309:Security dilemma of a small state, Part 1 9217: 9185: 8942: 8919:Sigiriya: City, Palace, and Royal Gardens 8703: 8701: 8684:. Macmillan Reference. pp. 795–799. 7423: 7421: 7419: 7417: 6883:was annually held between 1953 and 2011. 5959: 4018:was elected as the ninth President via a 3148:. The island is rich in minerals such as 1705:. Thereafter, Anuradhapura served as the 1506:and kept domestic dogs for driving game. 23950:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 21801:Countries and territories bordering the 18805: 18038: 18008: 17975: 17869: 17756: 17647: 17005:University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka) 16854:"Honouring the Father of Free Education" 16764: 16341: 16314: 16212:Census of Population & Housing, 2011 15113: 15067:. Lakshman Kadiragamar Institute. 2018. 14943: 14917: 14909:. historyofceylontea.com. Archived from 14490: 14207: 13590: 13340: 13338: 13253:"Sri Lanka names its national butterfly" 13102: 12937: 12888: 12247: 12245: 11664:. Agence France-Presse. 31 August 2021. 11288: 10933: 10404: 10322: 10279: 10273: 10261: 10249: 10093: 9934: 9192:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9098: 9000: 8649:"Buddhism in Sri Lanka: A Short History" 8646: 8252: 8132:"Sri Lanka erases colonial name, Ceylon" 7798: 7671:Commonwealth Air Training Program Museum 6871:, the highest feat by a Sri Lankan in a 6716: 6690:also enjoys extensive popularity, as do 6659: 6452: 6398:. Traditional music instruments such as 6282: 6271: 6145: 6097: 6043:Article 365 of the Sri Lankan Penal Code 5895: 5850: 5703:is the largest and is considered as an " 5119: 4937: 4913: 4886:famous for its production and export of 4861: 4613: 3629: 3498: 3418: 3348: 3312:Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 3253: 3193: 3079: 2995: 2905: 2843:, ethnic tensions were manifested in an 2623: 2612: 2515: 2383: 2292:moved his kingdom to the inland city of 2256: 2240: 2027: 1994: 1868: 1676: 1581: 1548:that was created by the divine sculptor 674: 23094:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 19007:Key Development Forecasts for Sri Lanka 18242:"Afridi fifty seals title for Pakistan" 17849: 17724: 17555: 16238:"Census of Population and Housing 2011" 15549:Ondaatjie, Anusha (10 September 2021). 15386: 15356: 15167: 15083: 15021: 14770:"Coast Guard bill passed in Parliament" 14726:"Conscription (most recent) by country" 13566: 13405:"Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM" 13346:"UNP: The Story of the Major Tradition" 13127: 13088:"Evolution of the Parliamentary System" 12391: 12341:"Sri Lanka Graphite Production by Year" 12303: 12131:"Ramar Sethu, a world heritage centre?" 11126: 10870: 10797: 10213: 9689: 9233:. Trafford Publishing. pp. 18–21. 8457: 8412:The Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities 7897: 7870: 7831: 7745:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (9 April 2022). 7455: 7359:. Department of Census and Statistics. 7234: 6319:) marked the transition of cinema from 3634:The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2961:private residence of the prime minister 2847:against the government by the LTTE. An 2710:by an extremist Buddhist monk in 1959. 2592: 1385:The country is now known in Sinhala as 97:Ilaṅkai Caṉanāyaka Cōcalicak Kuṭiyaracu 23937: 22431:SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry 21123: 18777:"Theri Sanghamitta and the Bodhi Tree" 18539:"Sri Lanka emerged as world champions" 18159:"Player Profile: Muttiah Muralitharan" 17801:World music: the rough guide, Volume 2 17791: 17620: 17581: 17541:"Sri Lanka: Human Rights Under Attack" 17087: 16952:"Sri Lanka University Statistics 2010" 16567: 16557:"Sri Lankan Parsis facing extinction?" 15807: 15805: 15561:from the original on 10 September 2021 15145: 14898: 14820: 14496: 14121:Commonwealth Local Government Handbook 13923:"Accepting reality and building trust" 13790:from the original on 29 September 2022 13364: 13163: 12756:Dinerstein, Eric; et al. 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He was married to a 2216: 1200:the ongoing Sri Lankan economic crisis 23678: 23066: 22506: 22436:South Asian Federation of Accountants 22119: 21774: 21097: 20594: 20445: 20432: 19106: 19084:, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, 18923: 18742: 18324:. cricketarchive.co.uk. 6 April 1986. 18279: 18171:from the original on 13 February 2012 17587: 17575: 17163: 15973:from the original on 4 September 2021 15883:from the original on 19 November 2021 15823:from the original on 5 September 2021 15790:from the original on 5 September 2021 15617:from the original on 6 September 2021 15591:from the original on 7 September 2021 15530:from the original on 30 November 2021 15434:from the original on 20 November 2016 14869:from the original on 12 December 2013 14752:"Sri Lanka coast guard sets up bases" 14732:from the original on 31 December 2013 14674:from the original on 17 December 2021 14580:from the original on 26 November 2013 14544:from the original on 19 February 2008 14373:from the original on 31 December 2013 14343:from the original on 31 December 2013 13937: 13642:from the original on 23 November 2021 13534: 13522:from the original on 26 November 2013 13423: 13385:from the original on 20 February 2014 13335: 13273: 13113:"The Legislative Power of Parliament" 12359: 12333: 12242: 12141:from the original on 14 February 2014 11976: 11398:from the original on 6 September 2013 11323:"Tamil Tigers confirm leader's death" 11270:from the original on 6 September 2013 11239:from the original on 23 November 2012 11213:from the original on 20 December 2021 11169: 10742:from the original on 19 November 2011 10666: 10568:. 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Jayawardene introduced a 2632:The Soulbury constitution ushered in 2488:plantations were largely successful. 1421: 23965:Island countries of the Indian Ocean 20433: 19675:Directorate of Military Intelligence 19132: 18708:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 18063:Gurusinghe, Nimal (2 October 2008). 17766:The Cambridge guide to Asian theatre 16466:Pinto, Leonard (20 September 2013). 16427:. Indianmuslims.info. 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Sri Lanka became a member of the 3297:Department of Wildlife Conservation 2917:carried out by the terrorist group 2599:History of Sri Lanka (1948–present) 2438:was occupied by the British in the 2300:, the independent existence of the 2261:A 1595 map of Sri Lanka created by 2009:Following a 17-year-long campaign, 13: 23509:Commonwealth of Independent States 18625:"1995 SAFF Championship;RSSSF.com" 18240:McGlashan, Andrew (21 June 2009). 17992:. lankalibrary.com. Archived from 17933:. lankalibrary.com. Archived from 17919:from the original on 14 July 2014. 17606:. Australia: Lulu.com. p. 3. 17543:. Human Rights Watch. 29 July 2020 17379:"Business Corruption in Sri Lanka" 17316:. 23 February 2001. Archived from 17105:Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation 17001:"Educational Indicators 1980–2009" 16539:"The Parsi Community of Sri Lanka" 16145:from the original on 7 August 2022 15065:"Sri Lanka's Top Trading Partners" 14532:Weisman, Steven R. 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The 1115:trade route to today's so-called 702:337.7/km (874.6/sq mi) ( 23608: 23595: 23582: 23569: 23556: 23543: 23514: 23480: 23467: 23454: 23441: 23428: 23415: 23402: 23389: 23376: 23363: 23350: 23337: 23324: 23311: 23287: 23263: 23250: 23237: 23224: 23211: 23198: 23185: 23172: 23159: 23146: 22751:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 21913: 21252: 21075: 21064: 21063: 20890: 20412: 20403: 20402: 19056: 19046: 18846:, a gateway to government sites. 18638: 18617: 18596: 18575: 18549: 18531: 18509: 18495: 18477: 18451: 18426: 18396: 18366: 18347: 18328: 18314: 18294: 18273: 18252: 18233: 18225:Sheringham, Sam (2 April 2011). 18218: 18204: 18183: 18125: 18099: 18075: 18056: 17569: 17533: 17521: 17495: 17469: 17397: 17371: 17345: 17324: 17302: 17275: 17245: 17164:Jansz, Frederica (8 July 2012). 17140: 17126: 17057: 17015: 16993: 16965: 16944: 16918: 16900: 16864: 16815: 16785: 16742: 16691: 16673: 16649:"Social Conditions of Sri Lanka" 16641: 16615: 16585: 16549: 16531: 16513: 16486: 16459: 16435: 16417: 16414:Sunday Times – 29 September 2010 16398: 16389: 16358: 16292: 16200: 16183:"How unique is Sri Lanka Malay?" 16175: 16157: 16127: 16097: 16026: 15985: 15955: 15925: 15895: 15869: 15839: 15772: 15754: 15736: 15710: 15684: 15665: 15603: 15479: 15449: 15416: 15380: 15350: 15324: 15294: 15258: 15246:from the original on 1 July 2014 15225: 15009:from the original on 23 May 2022 14962:from the original on 7 July 2022 14907:"Echoes of a Plantation Economy" 14881: 14814: 14784: 14776:. 7 October 2009. 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In 1247, the Malay kingdom of 2005:Transitional period of Sri Lanka 1971:forced the then Sinhalese ruler 1270:of the area where he landed. In 1181:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 982: 849: 848: 806: 805: 787: 786: 754: 753: 735: 734: 673: 129: 115: 32:Democratic Socialist Republic of 21740:Indian Institutes of Technology 21722:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes 21651:South Asian Football Federation 19302:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century 18860:Official Government News Portal 18774: 18503:"Athlete Susanthika Jayasinghe" 18135:. sinhalaya.com. Archived from 17196:"Chronicle of a death foretold" 16354:. Peacehall.com. 28 March 2005. 16165:"Official Languages Commission" 15718:"Colombo_Katunayaka Expressway" 15365:from the original on 3 May 2016 15201:"Inequality drops with poverty" 15177:. tops.lk. 2011. 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The 4550:Districts and local authorities 4264:Provincial GDP share (%) (2022) 3650:. Basic civil law derives from 3008:shaped as a teardrop or a pear/ 2696:Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact 2557:1906 malaria outbreak in Ceylon 2153:briefly invaded Sri Lanka from 1981:sacked the city of Anuradhapura 1701:in 380 BCE during the reign of 57:இலங்கை சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசு 22978:British Indian Ocean Territory 22887:Australian Antarctic Territory 22088:Australian Antarctic Territory 21941:British Indian Ocean Territory 21005:British Indian Ocean Territory 19272:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura 19086:The National Library of Israel 18814:University of California Press 18711:. Princeton University Press. 18682:. London: Macmillan & Co. 18410:. 8 March 2014. Archived from 18280:Veera, Sriram (22 July 2010). 18192:"Sri Lanka light up the world" 18190:Selvey, Mike (18 March 1996). 17627:Wickremeratne, Swarna (2006). 17286:. Daily Mirror. Archived from 16982:. pp. 3–4. 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Melboune: Panique Pty Ltd. 8889:Ponnamperuma, Senani (2013). 8008:"Sri Lanka: The untold story" 7128: 6942:In Tamil it is transleted as 6198:(Dutch holiday biscuit), and 6058:over 12,000 named individuals 5921:for every child is in place. 5747:that truly set the scene for 4976:Global Competitiveness Report 4741:and subsequently deployed an 3928:Tamil United Liberation Front 3700:National symbols of Sri Lanka 2161:merchant ethnic groups, from 1471:(37,000 BP), named after the 1440: 1226:, as well as a member of the 1151:took control of those areas. 19052:Wikimedia Atlas of Sri Lanka 19017: 18461:. exzoon.com. Archived from 18356:"Sri Lanka win the Asia Cup" 17341:. 31 March 2011. p. 71. 16959:University Grants Commission 16825:A Short History of Sri Lanka 16752:. World Bank. September 2020 15275:. Charities aid foundation. 13171:"Background Note: Sri Lanka" 12262:. p. 86. Archived from 11526:– via www.reuters.com. 10706:Education in the Third World 10294:Hellmann-Rajanayagam, Dagmar 9887:University of Michigan Press 9506:. ANU Press. pp. 74–75. 9431:Holt, John Clifford (1991). 9391:A Critical History of Jaffna 9285:"ParakramaBahu I: 1153–1186" 8558:"The Consecrating of Vijaya" 7805:John M. Senaveratna (1997). 7133: 6869:World Billiards Championship 6331:An influential filmmaker is 6065:UN Human Rights Commissioner 5885: 5882:ahead of their 2023 target. 5590: 5058:, operated by the state-run 5028: 4055: 4003:. The crisis was fuelled by 3924:Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi 3864:split from the UNP, and the 3246:List of mammals of Sri Lanka 3000:Topographic map of Sri Lanka 2985: 2362:) and was childless by her. 2245:A 17th-century engraving of 2183:Galle Trilingual Inscription 1528:, prior to the migration of 1095:, known collectively as the 16:Island country in South Asia 7: 22972:British Antarctic Territory 22881:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 22160:South Asian Free Trade Area 20555:International Monetary Fund 20523:International organisations 19061:Geographic data related to 18940:Central Intelligence Agency 18893:Prime Minister of Sri Lanka 18669:Sources and further reading 18269:. London. 13 December 2002. 18260:"Murali 'best bowler ever'" 17798:McConnachie, James (2000). 17669:Dissanayake, Wimal (2006). 17654:Dassanayake, M. B. (1970). 17223:"And then they came for me" 17107:. p. 1. Archived from 14668:Central Intelligence Agency 13144:. p. 2. Archived from 12974:Norton, James H.K. (2001). 12821:. p. 4. Archived from 9879:Dharmadasa, K.N.O. (1992). 9306:Jayasekera, P.V.J. (1992). 9188:"The Site of Karna Suvarna" 9034:Artibus Asiae. Supplementum 8268:The Prehistory of Sri Lanka 8265:Deraniyagal, Siran (1992). 7437:International Monetary Fund 7298:"Constitution of Sri Lanka" 7212:"Official Languages Policy" 7148:"Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte" 7095: 7069: 6924:List of cities in Sri Lanka 6896: 6797:Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 6188:plantain leaf or lotus leaf 6102:Hindu devotees engaging in 5634: 5612:. The constitution defines 5013:International Monetary Fund 4900:development of modern ports 4850:Tea production in Sri Lanka 4748: 4660:International Monetary Fund 3971:2019 presidential elections 3963:2015 presidential elections 3942:political party founded by 3890:1956 Parliamentary election 3866:Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna 3674: 3612:proportional representation 3431:) is a rare sub-species of 3262:is one of three recognised 3140:ecosystem spans over 7,000 2919:National Thowheeth Jama'ath 2511:Tea production in Sri Lanka 2464:of 1833. They introduced a 2377:. The new king was crowned 2358:princess from South India ( 1964:In 993 CE, the invasion of 1404: 1388: 1297: 1237: 96: 81: 10: 24026: 22416:SAARC Documentation Centre 21745:Inventions and discoveries 21717:Sino-Indian border dispute 21464:Human rights in South Asia 21250: 21009:British Overseas Territory 20622:Countries and dependencies 19670:State Intelligence Service 18917:Supreme Court of Sri Lanka 18663: 17775:Cambridge University Press 17763:Brandon, James R. (1997). 17675:. Berg. pp. 108–119. 17633:. SUNY Press. p. 31. 17600:Jayakody, Padmini (2008). 16521:"Sri Lanka – Christianity" 16371:The South Asianist Journal 15744:"Class A, B & E Roads" 14862:. April 2012. p. 33. 14423:"Statelessness abolished?" 14179:Cambridge University Press 13022:"The Executive Presidency" 12082:. BBC. 15 September 2007. 10840:Rajasingham, K.T. (2002). 10499:. Routledge. p. 185. 10064:. SAGE. pp. 405–406. 9502:Craig J. Reynolds (2019). 9210:– via Google Books. 9158:Cambridge University Press 9076:"Ancient Irrigation Works" 8472:Asian Educational Services 7900:Art of the Imperial Cholas 7564:. Asian Development Bank. 6653: 6592:(poetic messages) such as 6249: 6135: 6093: 5963: 5889: 5858: 5751:'s survival in Sri Lanka. 5638: 5594: 5226: 5171: 5113: 5049:controlled-access highways 5032: 4996:classifies Sri Lanka as a 4907:established. In 1977, the 4843: 4837: 4833: 4743:Indian Peace Keeping Force 4607: 4601: 4582:, notably Matale and Uva. 4037: 3678: 3453: 3316:Deccan thorn scrub forests 3250:List of birds of Sri Lanka 3243: 3233: 3187: 3183: 2989: 2982:as a left-wing candidate. 2868:Indian Peace Keeping Force 2849:LTTE attack on 13 soldiers 2839:its economy. Beginning in 2660:until 1956. A countrywide 2602: 2596: 2542:Ceylon Legislative Council 2462:Colebrooke-Cameron reforms 2428:British East India Company 2226: 2220: 2179:Vira Alakesvara of Gampola 1998: 1959:Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura 1899:Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya 1571: 1444: 1433: 1429: 1343: 1334: 1241: 1167:. It was succeeded by the 997:in this article correctly. 739:$ 318.6 billion ( 411:semi-presidential republic 18: 23798: 23712: 23624: 23535: 23496: 23303: 23279: 23136: 23100: 23050: 22946: 22921: 22871: 22862: 22839: 22544: 22449: 22403: 22382: 22326: 22275: 22166: 22154: 22073: 21922: 21911: 21809: 21730: 21704: 21681: 21636: 21569: 21504: 21450: 21427: 21349: 21261: 21131: 21049: 21022: 20991: 20975: 20954: 20941: 20899: 20888: 20632: 20522: 20506: 20480: 20439: 20398: 20328: 20218: 20126: 20117: 19950: 19829:Grama Niladhari divisions 19799: 19744: 19695: 19630: 19546: 19496: 19483:National Security Council 19447: 19424: 19415: 19365: 19244: 19193: 19184: 19141: 18679:A Short History of Ceylon 18676:Codrington, H.W. (1926). 18337:"Pepsi Asia Cup, 1997–98" 18133:"Sri Lankan martial arts" 17065:"Global Innovation Index" 16892:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 14889:"2024 Global Peace Index" 14698:The Military Balance 2010 14511:10.1080/09700160008455216 14171:Dilesh Jayanntha (2006). 13979:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12870:"Minneriya National Park" 12487:"Sri Lanka Climate Guide" 11161:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10881:"Sri Lanka – an Overview" 10862:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10769:Columbia University Press 10704:Jayasuriya, J.E. (1981). 10652:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10562:Peebles, Patrick (2006). 9723:"King Wimaladharmasuriya" 9320:, Sri Lanka. p. 25. 8943:Siriweera, W. I. (1994). 8437:Keshavadas, Sant (1988). 8034:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7904:Columbia University Press 7558:"Sri Lanka: Introduction" 7342:. A History of Sri Lanka. 7087: 7061: 6891:1995 South Asian Gold Cup 6889:also won the prestigious 6586:Dhampiya-Atuva-Getapadaya 6468:, low country dances and 6150:Sri Lankan rice and curry 5966:Human rights in Sri Lanka 5872:World Health Organization 5846: 5799:Anglican Church of Ceylon 5757:Hindu temple architecture 5490:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 5116:Demographics of Sri Lanka 4994:S&P Dow Jones Indices 4519:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 4072: 3952:Sri Lanka Muslim Congress 3936:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna 3916:All Ceylon Tamil Congress 3902:female head of government 3870:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna 3803: 3798: 3788: 3777: 3767: 3757: 3747: 3737: 3725: 3715: 3705: 3691: 3460:Constitution of Sri Lanka 3146:2004 Indian Ocean tsunami 3062:chain of limestone shoals 2890:2008. In 2009, under the 2880:expelled Sri Lankan Moors 2787:policy of standardisation 2575:universal adult franchise 1903:Valagamba of Anuradhapura 1897:Buddhism was held at the 1768:, which was destroyed by 1687:Dhatusena of Anuradhapura 1633:189 monarchs of Sri Lanka 1414: 1398: 1355:(the origin of the word " 1289: 1105:Pearl of the Indian Ocean 963: 935: 923: 911: 901: 883: 868: 838: 818: 799: 791:$ 73.7 billion ( 780: 766: 747: 728: 710: 696: 686: 667: 660: 650: 636: 629: 625: 610: 597: 584: 571: 558: 545: 532: 519: 505: 501: 494: 484: 480: 465: 454:Speaker of the Parliament 450: 435: 420: 416: 403: 391: 353: 290: 280: 259: 249: 203:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 195: 186: 160: 155:ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා (Sinhala) 145: 111: 88: 73: 56: 41: 30: 23642:SCO Interbank Consortium 23038:Turks and Caicos Islands 21712:Indo-Pakistani conflicts 20535:World Trade Organization 19809:Administrative divisions 19687:Sri Lanka Police Service 19593:Leader of the Opposition 19236:Sri Lanka (1948–present) 19091: 18887:13 November 2018 at the 18806:De Silva, K. M. (1981). 18769:The History of Sri Lanka 18604:"1995 SAFF Championship" 17825:Atkinson, Brett (2009). 17696:Lakshman, W. D. (2000). 17530:. freedomfromtorture.org 17405:"Department for Justice" 16793:"Sri Lanka – Statistics" 14116:Commonwealth Secretariat 13175:U.S. Department of State 12343:. indexmundi.com. 2009. 10565:The History of Sri Lanka 10181:Bond, George D. (1992). 10130:Lennox A. Mills (1964). 9699:. Thondaman Foundation. 9480:10 December 2007 at the 9360:History of Ceylon Tamils 9318:University of Peradeniya 8847:Buswell & Lopez 2013 6929: 6649: 6525:Ediriweera Sarachchandra 6234:, and Muslims celebrate 6078:In 2012, the UK charity 5803:Protestant denominations 5104:University of Peradeniya 4924:Presidential Secretariat 4846:Agriculture in Sri Lanka 4692:Asian–African Conference 4034:Administrative divisions 4024:Anura Kumara Dissanayake 4020:parliamentarian election 3983:Sri Lanka People's Front 3886:S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 3845:(UPFA), an offspring of 3532:semi-presidential system 3513:Presidential Secretariat 3236:Environment of Sri Lanka 3004:Sri Lanka, an island in 2976:Anura Kumara Dissanayake 2672:S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 2652:joined his cabinet. The 2642:Prime Minister of Ceylon 2342:—to Kandy and built the 2321:Dutch East India Company 2307:During the reign of the 1834:, defeated Elara in the 1729:from India. In 250 BCE, 1204:2022 Sri Lankan protests 1198:in South Asia. However, 1141:Sinhalese-Portuguese war 1005:, historically known as 430:Anura Kumara Dissanayake 211:(executive and judicial) 22898:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 22538:Commonwealth of Nations 22457:SAARC Secretary General 21961:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 21519:Archaeological cultures 20967:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 20514:Commonwealth of Nations 20507:Historical and cultural 19888:Knuckles Mountain Range 19883:Hanthana Mountain Range 19824:Divisional Secretariats 19779:Sri Lanka Freedom Party 19206:Pre Anuradhapura period 19040: 18991:Encyclopædia Britannica 18897:Prime Minister's Office 18854:Parliament of Sri Lanka 17862:Encyclopædia Britannica 17828:Lonely Planet Sri Lanka 16822:De Silva, K.M. (1981). 16720:10.1023/A:1003010726149 16623:"Universal Health Care" 16579:The Gallup Organization 16410:12 October 2012 at the 14124:. London. p. 146. 13117:Parliament of Sri Lanka 13092:Parliament of Sri Lanka 13074:"Presidential Immunity" 12734:10.31357/JTFE.V3I2.1838 12220:"Introducing Sri Lanka" 12166:Encyclopædia Britannica 11977:Simon, Richard (1989). 11074:10.1111/0017-4815.00129 10761:Hoffman, Bruce (2006). 9595:. Columbia University. 9439:Oxford University Press 8860:"The History of Ceylon" 8741:"Buddhism in Sri Lanka" 8443:. Motilal Banarsidass. 8161:Deraniyagala, Siran U. 7728:16 October 2015 at the 7680:22 October 2007 at the 7618:. BBC. 2 October 2002. 7556:Roberts, Brian (2006). 7530:Encyclopædia Britannica 7306:Parliament of Sri Lanka 7242:"South Asia: Sri Lanka" 7185:Encyclopædia Britannica 7153:Encyclopædia Britannica 6830:2012 ICC World Twenty20 6754:2014 ICC World Twenty20 6564:Fourth Buddhist council 6054:UN Human Rights Council 5954:Global Innovation Index 5812:immigrants from India ( 5006:Human Development Index 4876:purchasing power parity 4560:divisional secretariats 4001:Parliament of Sri Lanka 3979:parliamentary elections 3950:. Founded in 1981, the 3932:Tamil National Alliance 3878:Lanka Sama Samaja Party 3847:Sri Lanka Freedom Party 3752:Grizzled giant squirrel 3604:Parliament of Sri Lanka 3530:which is governed by a 3456:Government of Sri Lanka 3450:Government and politics 3105:exclusive economic zone 2579:State Council of Ceylon 2564:Ponnambalam Arunachalam 2434:. On 14 February 1815, 2211:Colombo National Museum 2058:Parākramabāhu the Great 1891:Fourth Buddhist Council 1574:Pre Anuradhapura period 1447:Prehistory of Sri Lanka 1305:. The island was known 1232:Commonwealth of Nations 1192:Human Development Index 1101:fourth Buddhist council 688:• 2012 census 260:Official languages 157:ஸ்ரீ லங்கா தாயே (Tamil) 21:Ceylon (disambiguation) 22983:British Virgin Islands 22472:South Asian University 21732:Science and technology 21025:Special administrative 21001:(Sovereign Base Areas) 20580:Group of Fifteen (G15) 20472:International ties of 20366:International rankings 20007:Science and technology 19992:Information technology 19705:Provincial governments 19478:Administrative Service 19439:Constitutional Council 18876:President of Sri Lanka 18809:A history of Sri Lanka 18743:Nubin, Walter (2002). 17881:Cummings, Joe (2006). 15784:Navdanya international 15232:Schwab, Klaus (2011). 15036:Asian Development Bank 12375:. 2008. Archived from 12025:earth.northwestern.edu 11686:: CS1 maint: others ( 11007:. 1997. Archived from 9809:University of Michigan 9186:Beveridge, H. (1894). 9105:Herath, R. B. (2002). 8813:Evans, Julian (1992). 8622:mysrilankaholidays.com 8496:"The Coming of Vijaya" 7832:Skutsch, Carl (2005). 6746:1996 Cricket World Cup 6744:status to winning the 6733: 6671: 6461: 6426:and musicians such as 6292: 6280: 6151: 6142:Festivals in Sri Lanka 6112: 6004:Lasantha Wickrematunge 5960:Human rights and media 5909: 5892:Education in Sri Lanka 5856: 5597:Languages of Sri Lanka 5388:Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia 5125: 5035:Transport in Sri Lanka 4960:Colombo Stock Exchange 4951: 4927: 4867: 4858:Transport in Sri Lanka 4755:Sri Lanka Armed Forces 4664:Asian Development Bank 4631: 4114:North Central Province 3862:Samagi Jana Balawegaya 3685:Elections in Sri Lanka 3635: 3566:President of Sri Lanka 3544:certain basic features 3516: 3442: 3378:Wilpattu National Park 3370: 3359:Panthera pardus kotiya 3271: 3199: 3092: 3001: 2992:Geography of Sri Lanka 2934:severe economic crisis 2911: 2900:Sri Lanka Armed Forces 2700:S. J. V. Chelvanayakam 2656:remained stationed at 2629: 2621: 2532:transcending race and 2525: 2392: 2269: 2254: 2155:Insular Southeast Asia 2145:which was a vassal of 2077:Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 2049: 1886: 1725:, with the arrival of 1690: 1623:). He established the 1590: 1498:which they have named 1323:geographers called it 1190:, ranking 78th on the 1177:Sri Lanka Armed Forces 1125:great political crisis 180: 23995:South Asian countries 22956:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 22864:Dependent territories 22741:Saint Kitts and Nevis 21611:Religious persecution 21469:Religious nationalism 21329:European and Eurasian 21133:Countries and regions 20999:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19784:United National Party 19603:Chief Opposition Whip 19598:Chief Government Whip 19347:Independence movement 19231:British Ceylon period 19082:Old maps of Sri Lanka 19034:James Emerson Tennent 19011:International Futures 18997:Introducing Sri Lanka 18962:UCB Libraries GovPubs 18905:of the Office of the 18736:147.1 (2018): 78–89. 17428:. UN. pp. 3, 113 17257:Amnesty International 17136:. Pressreference.com. 15692:"Southern Expressway" 15153:"Sri Lanka Tea Board" 14249:Jayasekera, Upali S. 13883:"Provincial Councils" 13586:on 20 September 2011. 13433:New review, Volume 23 13407:. BBC. 20 July 1960. 12775:10.1093/biosci/bix014 12192:Aves, Edward (2003). 12056:. jyotisha.00it.com. 10693:on 30 September 2011. 9227:Herath, R.B. (2002). 8988:7 August 2016 at the 8782:Gunawardana, Jagath. 8592:worldheritagesite.org 7675:The Saviour of Ceylon 7585:Jack Maguire (2001). 7248:. 22 September 2021. 6853:Susanthika Jayasinghe 6720: 6663: 6638:Martin Wickramasinghe 6618:Saddharma-Ratnāvaliya 6616:) and proses such as 6602:Salalihini Sandeshaya 6456: 6286: 6275: 6268:Sri Lankan literature 6149: 6122:hydraulic engineering 6101: 6031:Sri Lankan Government 6011:Amnesty International 5942:ministry of education 5899: 5854: 5641:Religion in Sri Lanka 5123: 4956:market capitalisation 4941: 4917: 4865: 4787:Sri Lanka Coast Guard 4775:military conscription 4715:long-standing dispute 4617: 4026:in 2024 presidential 3898:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 3858:United National Party 3681:Politics of Sri Lanka 3633: 3590:members of parliament 3576:of the armed forces; 3502: 3434:Rhododendron arboreum 3425:Rhododendron arboreum 3422: 3410:Sri Lanka blue magpie 3390:Hurulu Forest Reserve 3352: 3322:flourish on the arid 3279:biodiversity hotspots 3257: 3240:Wildlife of Sri Lanka 3197: 3190:Forestry in Sri Lanka 3083: 3022:Indo-Australian Plate 2999: 2909: 2864:Indo-Sri Lanka Accord 2845:on-and-off insurgency 2770:attempted coup d'état 2766:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 2748:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 2662:popular demonstration 2627: 2616: 2522:Kandyan chief headmen 2519: 2417:Sri Vikrama Rajasinha 2413:Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha 2387: 2276:soldier and explorer 2260: 2244: 2237:British Ceylon period 2031: 1995:Post-classical period 1951:Anula of Anuradhapura 1928:palm-leaf manuscripts 1872: 1836:Battle of Vijithapura 1683:Avukana Buddha statue 1680: 1625:Kingdom of Tambapanni 1585: 1311:Mummudi Cholamandalam 1145:Dutch colonial empire 1137:Portuguese possession 1123:. During a period of 1049:in the southwest and 1029:, separated from the 1009:, and officially the 652:• Water (%) 575:British Ceylon period 179: 23647:Eurasian Land Bridge 23488:United Arab Emirates 22616:Eswatini (Swaziland) 22482:SAARC Literary Award 22404:Specialised agencies 22060:United Arab Emirates 21760:Traditional medicine 20867:United Arab Emirates 20550:Non-Aligned Movement 20210:World Heritage Sites 18870:25 July 2011 at the 18563:on 18 September 2021 18527:on 18 December 2013. 18414:on 21 September 2014 18107:"Kitesurf Sri Lanka" 17913:"Dance of Sri Lanka" 17777:. pp. 226–229. 17011:on 22 February 2011. 16310:. 14 September 2007. 16171:on 14 February 2012. 15768:on 28 December 2012. 15677:2 April 2015 at the 15613:. 6 September 2021. 15587:. 7 September 2021. 15526:. 1 September 2021. 15430:. 18 November 2016. 14995:"Annual Report 2020" 14956:"Annual Report 2010" 14704:. pp. 370–371. 14251:"Colombo Plan at 57" 13550:. 24 February 2011. 13381:. 16 November 2009. 13319:. 18 December 2010. 13293:on 19 September 2011 13207:. lankalibrary.com. 13062:on 18 November 2014. 13032:on 21 September 2014 12976:India and South Asia 12846:. 1 September 2006. 12509:14 July 2014 at the 12457:"Sri Lanka Rainfall" 11856:Hindustan Times News 10885:Fulbright commission 10012:21 June 2015 at the 9948:. 18 February 2014. 9928:13 June 2015 at the 8440:Ramayana at a Glance 7216:languagesdept.gov.lk 7079:[ʃriːlaŋkaː] 6919:Outline of Sri Lanka 6857:2000 Sydney Olympics 6851:; and one silver by 6845:1948 London Olympics 6785:Muttiah Muralitharan 6780:. Former Sri Lankan 6722:Muttiah Muralitharan 6692:association football 6665:R. Premadasa Stadium 6523:, a play written by 6440:Clarence Wijewardene 6353:The Changing Village 6264:Theatre of Sri Lanka 6213:new year festivals. 6117:culture of Sri Lanka 6080:Freedom from Torture 6015:Freedom from Torture 5996:freedom of the press 5919:compulsory schooling 5694: Others (0.05%) 4980:World Economic Forum 4962:quadrupled, and the 4854:Tourism in Sri Lanka 4840:Economy of Sri Lanka 4783:Civil Security Force 4725:, a small island in 4640:relations with India 4636:Non-Aligned Movement 4556:district secretariat 4016:Ranil Wickremesinghe 4009:economy of Sri Lanka 3967:Maithripala Sirisena 3920:S.J.V. Chelvanayakam 3762:Sri Lanka junglefowl 3369:native to Sri Lanka. 3028:, between latitudes 2972:Ranil Wickremesinghe 2943:Ranil Wickremesinghe 2829:executive presidency 2778:Marxist insurrection 2704:colonisation schemes 2650:Arunachalam Mahadeva 2609:Sri Lankan Civil War 2593:Contemporary history 2546:Christian missionary 2538:Ceylon Civil Service 2379:Sri Vijaya Rajasinha 2325:Dutch–Portuguese War 2290:Vimaladharmasuriya I 2282:Francisco de Almeida 2251:Joris van Spilbergen 2185:, a stone tablet at 2177:with the local king 2032:The seated image of 1985:Anuradhapura Kingdom 1983:causing the fall of 1751:Sinhalese population 1699:Anuradhapura Kingdom 1672:Anuradhapura Kingdom 1436:History of Sri Lanka 1224:Non-Aligned Movement 1173:Sri Lankan Civil War 669:• 2022 estimate 615:Current constitution 23917: / 22806:Trinidad and Tobago 22556:Antigua and Barbuda 21691:South Asian studies 21217:South Asian regions 20902:States with limited 19759:Electoral districts 19608:Secretaries-General 19588:Leader of the House 19528:Magistrate's Courts 19221:Transitional period 19211:Anuradhapura period 18545:. 10 November 2016. 17263:on 17 February 2015 17166:"Gota goes berserk" 17075:on 2 September 2021 17034:10.34667/tind.46596 16712:1997IREdu..43..595G 16661:on 17 November 2017 16085:on 13 November 2012 16039:The Daily Telegraph 15999:The Daily Telegraph 15308:. 24 January 2010. 15045:on 15 November 2013 15003:Ministry of Finance 14913:on 17 January 2012. 14905:Fernando, Maxwell. 14480:The Sunday Observer 14369:. 14 January 2004. 14315:The Sunday Observer 14263:on 13 January 2012. 14218:"Foreign Relations" 13602:Dennis B. McGilvray 13010:. 7 September 1978. 12828:on 27 October 2007. 12411:on 26 November 2013 12379:on 24 December 2013 12321:on 26 November 2013 11066:2000GroCh..31..285S 10539:. 5 November 2013. 10533:"Sri Lanka Profile" 10423:on 26 November 2013 10368:"Sinhalese Parties" 10336:"Sinhalese Parties" 9733:on 26 November 2013 9697:"Sri Lanka History" 9573:on 18 December 2007 9567:National Geographic 9522:24 May 2022 at the 9295:on 4 February 2014. 9267:"Parakrama Samudra" 8653:accesstoinsight.org 8464:Parker, H. (1992). 8341:. 26 January 2006. 8300:Deraniyagala, S.U. 8228:. pp. 165–265. 7961:on 27 February 2019 7927:Abeydeera, Ananda. 6600:(swan message) and 6333:Lester James Peiris 6317:Island of Treasures 6260:Dances of Sri Lanka 6252:Cinema of Sri Lanka 5930:C. W. W. Kannangara 5865:Sri Lankans have a 5861:Health in Sri Lanka 5736:Hindus in Sri Lanka 5715:. A sapling of the 4978:, published by the 4771:Ministry of Defence 4767:Sri Lanka Air Force 4717:over the status of 4707:Sirima-Shastri Pact 4068:North-East Province 3742:Sri Lankan birdwing 3542:. The amendment of 3536:two-thirds majority 3406:green-billed coucal 3260:Sri Lankan elephant 3046:Indian subcontinent 2970:, on 21 July 2022, 2963:and burnt it down. 2923:terrorist operation 2876:second insurrection 2866:was signed and the 2857:Sinhalese hard-line 2825:free-market economy 2619:Independence Square 2571:Donoughmore reforms 2482:legislative council 2430:as a result of the 2344:Temple of the Tooth 2278:Lourenço de Almeida 2217:Early modern period 1785:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 1737:and the son of the 1695:Anuradhapura period 1587:Ptolemy's world map 1578:Anuradhapura period 1522:megalithic graffiti 1121:Anuradhapura period 1109:Granary of the East 1025:, southwest of the 549:Transitional period 523:Anuradhapura period 475:Jayantha Jayasuriya 326:0.5% others (incl. 281:Recognised language 227: / 21125:South Asian topics 20336:Capital punishment 19715:Municipal councils 19352:Dominion of Ceylon 19216:Polonnaruwa period 18952:Annual Report 2010 18935:The World Factbook 18924:Overviews and data 18771:(Greenwood, 2005). 18767:Peebles, Patrick. 18465:on 1 November 2013 18335:Thawfeeq, Sa'adi. 18139:on 25 January 2016 18113:on 6 February 2016 17963:on 14 January 2014 17891:. pp. 50–52. 17290:on 21 October 2013 17233:on 16 October 2012 17176:on 20 October 2012 16581:. 9 February 2009. 15646:The New York Times 15306:The New York Times 15155:. worldteanews.com 14670:. 16 August 2011. 14538:The New York Times 14499:Strategic Analysis 14403:on 28 January 2015 14317:. 3 October 2010. 14181:. pp. 82–85. 14007:on 19 January 2022 13933:on 6 October 2010. 13909:The Indian Express 13860:on 16 October 2014 13834:on 16 October 2014 13697:The New York Times 13638:. 6 October 2019. 13255:. The Sunday Times 13151:on 2 November 2013 13076:. constitution.lk. 12534:on 29 January 2012 12433:. mysrilanka.com. 11456:The New York Times 11328:Al Jazeera English 11296:The New York Times 11209:. 3 January 2005. 11027:Wijesinghe, Sarath 11011:on 11 August 2007. 10947:. LankaWeb. 2010. 10945:Jayatunge, Ruwan M 10669:, pp. 128–129 10411:Weerakoon, Batty. 10401:, pp. 121–122 10276:, pp. 389–395 10171:, pp. 116–117 10105:Wimalaratne, K.D.G 9987:on 2 November 2013 9981:scenicsrilanka.com 9946:colonialvoyage.com 9799:Bosma, U. (2008). 9625:on 31 October 2014 9619:"Admiral Zheng He" 9086:on 2 November 2013 9007:localhistories.org 8564:. 8 October 2011. 8502:. 8 October 2011. 7698:localhistories.org 7402:on 6 December 2013 7119:Names of Sri Lanka 6849:400 metres hurdles 6770:ICC World Twenty20 6734: 6672: 6656:Sport in Sri Lanka 6596:(parrot message), 6462: 6303:The Broken Promise 6298:Kadawunu Poronduwa 6293: 6281: 6256:Music of Sri Lanka 6152: 6138:Sri Lankan cuisine 6132:Food and festivals 6113: 6088:Human Rights Watch 6084:Out of the Silence 6023:British government 6019:Human Rights Watch 5970:Media in Sri Lanka 5910: 5857: 5795:St. Francis Xavier 5610:official languages 5126: 5064:Sri Lanka Railways 4989:The New York Times 4984:World Giving Index 4952: 4928: 4920:World Trade Center 4884:plantation economy 4868: 4828:Global Peace Index 4779:Special Task Force 4711:Sirima-Gandhi Pact 4632: 4014:On July 20, 2022, 3997:Gotabaya Rajapaksa 3975:Gotabaya Rajapaksa 3636: 3616:head of government 3574:commander in chief 3517: 3443: 3382:biosphere reserves 3374:Yala National Park 3371: 3355:Sri Lankan leopard 3272: 3200: 3101:Bambarakanda Falls 3093: 3002: 2966:After winning the 2952:Gotabaya Rajapaksa 2912: 2887:2004 Asian tsunami 2823:, together with a 2811:The government of 2802:Alfred Duraiyappah 2791:affirmative action 2654:British Royal Navy 2630: 2622: 2526: 2520:British appointed 2506:Hemileia vastatrix 2493:depression of 1847 2444:Kandyan Convention 2440:second Kandyan War 2393: 2371:"Unambuwe Bandara" 2348:Vira Narendrasinha 2270: 2255: 2149:led by their king 2050: 2001:Polonnaruwa period 1887: 1691: 1627:, near modern-day 1591: 1423:[iˈlaŋɡaɪ] 1401:) and in Tamil as 1380:Dominion of Ceylon 1244:Names of Sri Lanka 1188:developing country 1117:maritime Silk Road 1053:in the northwest. 776:2023 estimate 724:2023 estimate 536:Polonnaruwa period 445:Harini Amarasuriya 292:Ethnic groups 181: 161:"Mother Sri Lanka" 23955:Countries in Asia 23900: 23899: 23894: 23893: 23672: 23671: 23652:Working languages 23304:Dialogue partners 23060: 23059: 23046: 23045: 22903:Coral Sea Islands 22841:Associated states 22500: 22499: 22477:South Asian Games 22462:SAARC Secretariat 22113: 22112: 21768: 21767: 21671:Traditional games 21656:South Asian Games 21244:General geography 21091: 21090: 21018: 21017: 20588: 20587: 20426: 20425: 20394: 20393: 20351:Gender inequality 20298:Traditional games 20149:Sexual Minorities 19878:Central Highlands 19769:Foreign relations 19740: 19739: 19710:Local governments 19632:National security 19411: 19410: 19403:Sexual Minorities 19317:Portuguese Ceylon 18977:Sri Lanka profile 18823:978-0-520-04320-6 18760:978-1-59033-573-4 18718:978-0-691-15786-3 18689:978-0-8369-5596-5 18517:"LKY's prejudice" 17898:978-1-74059-975-7 17842:978-1-74104-835-3 17811:978-1-85828-636-5 17784:978-0-521-58822-5 17717:978-1-56072-784-2 17682:978-1-84520-237-8 17640:978-0-7914-6881-4 17613:978-1-4092-1942-2 17603:Simply Sri Lankan 17202:. 15 January 2009 17043:978-92-805-3432-0 16932:. 28 October 2021 16839:978-0-520-04320-6 16803:on 30 August 2018 16506:978-955-9098-42-3 16244:on 6 January 2020 16218:on 7 January 2019 16139:statistics.gov.lk 15907:Colombo Telegraph 15750:on 28 April 2016. 14711:978-1-85743-557-3 14433:on 13 August 2014 14393:"29 October 1964" 14339:. 21 April 2005. 14188:978-0-521-02975-9 14131:978-0-9542917-9-2 13636:The Straits Times 13518:. Lanka Library. 13484:978-1-56072-784-2 13459:W. D., Lakshman; 12989:978-0-07-243298-5 12978:. United States: 12915:10.3390/f11080836 12686:978-955-0-03355-3 12645:news.mongabay.com 12569:(11): 1567–1572. 12269:on 31 March 2012. 12205:978-1-903471-78-4 12116:978-81-261-3489-2 11768:. 11 April 2022. 11634:. 30 April 2021. 11604:. 23 April 2022. 11514:. 29 April 2019. 11107:978-955-8093-00-9 10807:(December 1998). 10778:978-0-231-12699-1 10632:Rajasingham, K. T 10575:978-0-313-33205-0 10506:978-0-415-22905-0 10467:978-0-262-52333-2 10225:Balachandran, P.K 10194:978-81-208-1047-1 10143:978-0-7146-2019-0 10071:978-0-7619-3278-9 9896:978-0-472-10288-4 9889:. pp. 8–12. 9818:978-0-89680-261-2 9785:978-81-206-1845-9 9448:978-0-19-506418-6 9405:978-81-206-1686-8 9327:978-81-7003-148-2 9240:978-1-55369-793-0 9118:978-1-55369-793-0 8956:978-0-7069-7621-2 8929:978-955-613-111-6 8902:978-0-9873451-1-0 8892:Story of Sigiriya 8691:978-0-8160-5459-6 8598:on 7 January 2004 8481:978-81-206-0208-3 8450:978-81-208-0545-3 8286:978-955-9159-00-1 8057:on 22 April 2007. 7913:978-0-231-51524-5 7884:978-1-136-31188-8 7845:978-1-57958-470-2 7818:978-81-206-1271-6 7791:978-0-7614-1477-3 7656:978-955-9043-02-7 7598:978-0-671-04188-5 7571:978-971-561-607-2 7498:. 13 March 2024. 7357:statistics.gov.lk 7340:978-0-19-561655-2 7105:[ilaŋɡaj] 7093: 7067: 6946:(ஸ்ரீ லங்கா தாயே) 6839:: one silver, by 6758:Cricket World Cup 6446:originated among 6424:Ananda Samarakoon 6068:Navanethem Pillay 6021:, as well as the 5934:Madhya Vidyalayas 5823:majority observe 5741:Devanampiya Tissa 5705:Official religion 5622:Portuguese Creole 5587: 5586: 5142:Sri Lankan Tamils 4971:of 0.36 in 2010. 4880:per capita income 4796:militants of the 4757:, comprising the 4735:J. R. Jayawardene 4620:J. R. Jayewardene 4598:Foreign relations 4547: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4256:Population (2012) 4159:Southern Province 4098:Northern Province 3959:Mahinda Rajapaksa 3912:Tamil nationalist 3908:G. G. Ponnambalam 3832: 3831: 3720:Gold Lion Passant 3497: 3496: 3402:red-faced malkoha 3223:tropical cyclones 3208:central highlands 3128:Sri Lanka has 45 3036:, and longitudes 2956:President's House 2896:Mahinda Rajapaksa 2813:J. R. Jayawardene 2753: 2735: 2666:Dudley Senanayake 2640:became the first 2583:G. G. Ponnambalam 2501:another rebellion 2478:executive council 2450:were thwarted by 2229:Portuguese Ceylon 2189:written in three 2079:. He sailed from 2062:Parakrama Samudra 2054:irrigation system 2044:, shows signs of 1913:was at that time 1783:arrived with the 1723:Devanampiya Tissa 1593:According to the 1486:(28,500 BP); and 1303:Sangam literature 1295: 1258:named the island 1196:per capita income 1155:was taken by the 1062:Sri Lankan Tamils 1021:. It lies in the 991:rendering support 978: 977: 832:medium inequality 801:• Per capita 749:• Per capita 387:0.1% other / none 310:Sri Lankan Tamils 177: 103: 102: 24017: 23990:Socialist states 23970:Island countries 23932: 23931: 23929: 23928: 23927: 23922: 23918: 23915: 23914: 23913: 23910: 23699: 23692: 23685: 23676: 23675: 23614: 23612: 23611: 23601: 23599: 23598: 23588: 23586: 23585: 23575: 23573: 23572: 23562: 23560: 23559: 23549: 23547: 23546: 23520: 23518: 23517: 23486: 23484: 23483: 23473: 23471: 23470: 23460: 23458: 23457: 23447: 23445: 23444: 23434: 23432: 23431: 23421: 23419: 23418: 23408: 23406: 23405: 23395: 23393: 23392: 23382: 23380: 23379: 23369: 23367: 23366: 23356: 23354: 23353: 23343: 23341: 23340: 23330: 23328: 23327: 23317: 23315: 23314: 23293: 23291: 23290: 23269: 23267: 23266: 23256: 23254: 23253: 23243: 23241: 23240: 23230: 23228: 23227: 23217: 23215: 23214: 23204: 23202: 23201: 23191: 23189: 23188: 23178: 23176: 23175: 23165: 23163: 23162: 23152: 23150: 23149: 23087: 23080: 23073: 23064: 23063: 23023:Pitcairn Islands 22993:Falkland Islands 22893:Christmas Island 22869: 22868: 22731:Papua New Guinea 22546:Sovereign states 22527: 22520: 22513: 22504: 22503: 22450:Related Articles 22140: 22133: 22126: 22117: 22116: 21966: 21956: 21951:Christmas Island 21945: 21917: 21795: 21788: 21781: 21772: 21771: 21666:Physical culture 21561:Former countries 21556:Contemporary era 21256: 21118: 21111: 21104: 21095: 21094: 21079: 21067: 21066: 21027:regions of China 20962:Christmas Island 20952: 20951: 20894: 20634:Sovereign states 20615: 20608: 20601: 20592: 20591: 20560:World Bank Group 20466: 20459: 20452: 20443: 20442: 20434:Related articles 20430: 20429: 20416: 20406: 20405: 20278:National symbols 20124: 20123: 19725:Pradeshiya Sabha 19462:Executive Office 19422: 19421: 19342:Matale rebellion 19191: 19190: 19127: 19120: 19113: 19104: 19103: 19060: 19059: 19050: 19049: 18913:Official website 18903:Official website 18882:Official website 18865:Official website 18850:Official website 18827: 18802: 18800: 18798: 18792: 18786:. Archived from 18781: 18764: 18729: 18727: 18725: 18701: 18657: 18656: 18654: 18652: 18642: 18636: 18635: 18633: 18631: 18621: 18615: 18614: 18612: 18610: 18600: 18594: 18593: 18591: 18589: 18579: 18573: 18572: 18570: 18568: 18559:. Archived from 18553: 18547: 18546: 18535: 18529: 18528: 18513: 18507: 18506: 18499: 18493: 18492: 18481: 18475: 18474: 18472: 18470: 18455: 18449: 18448: 18446: 18444: 18430: 18424: 18423: 18421: 18419: 18400: 18394: 18393: 18391: 18389: 18370: 18364: 18363: 18351: 18345: 18344: 18332: 18326: 18325: 18318: 18312: 18311: 18310:. 13 March 2023. 18298: 18292: 18291: 18277: 18271: 18270: 18256: 18250: 18249: 18237: 18231: 18230: 18222: 18216: 18215: 18208: 18202: 18201: 18187: 18181: 18180: 18178: 18176: 18155: 18149: 18148: 18146: 18144: 18129: 18123: 18122: 18120: 18118: 18103: 18097: 18096: 18095:on 8 April 2012. 18079: 18073: 18072: 18060: 18054: 18053: 18042: 18036: 18035: 18033: 18031: 18022:. Archived from 18012: 18006: 18005: 18003: 18001: 17986: 17973: 17972: 17970: 17968: 17953: 17947: 17946: 17944: 17942: 17927: 17921: 17920: 17909: 17903: 17902: 17878: 17867: 17866: 17853: 17847: 17846: 17822: 17816: 17815: 17795: 17789: 17788: 17760: 17754: 17753: 17751: 17749: 17740:. Archived from 17728: 17722: 17721: 17693: 17687: 17686: 17666: 17660: 17659: 17651: 17645: 17644: 17624: 17618: 17617: 17597: 17591: 17585: 17579: 17573: 17567: 17566: 17559: 17553: 17552: 17550: 17548: 17537: 17531: 17525: 17519: 17518: 17516: 17514: 17509:. 31 August 2013 17499: 17493: 17492: 17490: 17488: 17483:. 31 August 2013 17473: 17467: 17466: 17464: 17462: 17447: 17441: 17440: 17435: 17433: 17427: 17418: 17412: 17411: 17409: 17401: 17395: 17394: 17392: 17390: 17375: 17369: 17368: 17366: 17364: 17349: 17343: 17342: 17336: 17328: 17322: 17321: 17306: 17300: 17299: 17297: 17295: 17279: 17273: 17272: 17270: 17268: 17259:. Archived from 17249: 17243: 17242: 17240: 17238: 17229:. Archived from 17218: 17212: 17211: 17209: 17207: 17192: 17186: 17185: 17183: 17181: 17172:. Archived from 17161: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17144: 17138: 17137: 17130: 17124: 17123: 17121: 17119: 17114:on 20 March 2016 17113: 17102: 17094: 17085: 17084: 17082: 17080: 17069:INSEAD Knowledge 17061: 17055: 17054: 17052: 17050: 17019: 17013: 17012: 17007:. Archived from 16997: 16991: 16990: 16989:on 23 June 2013. 16988: 16977: 16969: 16963: 16962: 16956: 16948: 16942: 16941: 16939: 16937: 16922: 16916: 16915: 16904: 16898: 16897: 16891: 16883: 16881: 16879: 16868: 16862: 16861: 16850: 16844: 16843: 16819: 16813: 16812: 16810: 16808: 16799:. Archived from 16789: 16783: 16782: 16771: 16762: 16761: 16759: 16757: 16746: 16740: 16739: 16706:(5/6): 595–609. 16695: 16689: 16688: 16677: 16671: 16670: 16668: 16666: 16660: 16653: 16645: 16639: 16638: 16636: 16634: 16629:on 12 April 2014 16619: 16613: 16612: 16610: 16608: 16599:. Archived from 16589: 16583: 16582: 16571: 16565: 16564: 16561:The Sunday Times 16553: 16547: 16546: 16535: 16529: 16528: 16517: 16511: 16510: 16490: 16484: 16483: 16481: 16479: 16463: 16457: 16456: 16455:on 29 July 2014. 16454: 16448:. Archived from 16447: 16439: 16433: 16432: 16431:on 4 March 2016. 16421: 16415: 16402: 16396: 16393: 16387: 16386: 16384: 16382: 16362: 16356: 16355: 16348: 16339: 16338: 16336: 16334: 16323: 16312: 16311: 16296: 16290: 16289: 16287: 16285: 16279: 16273:. Archived from 16268: 16260: 16254: 16253: 16251: 16249: 16234: 16228: 16227: 16225: 16223: 16204: 16198: 16197: 16187: 16179: 16173: 16172: 16167:. Archived from 16161: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16150: 16131: 16125: 16124: 16122: 16120: 16109:lankalibrary.com 16101: 16095: 16094: 16092: 16090: 16084: 16077: 16069: 16063: 16062: 16060: 16058: 16030: 16024: 16023: 16021: 16019: 15989: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15978: 15959: 15953: 15952: 15950: 15948: 15939:. 25 June 2021. 15929: 15923: 15922: 15920: 15918: 15909:. 30 June 2021. 15899: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15888: 15873: 15867: 15866: 15864: 15862: 15843: 15837: 15836: 15830: 15828: 15809: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15795: 15786:. 16 June 2021. 15776: 15770: 15769: 15758: 15752: 15751: 15746:. Archived from 15740: 15734: 15733: 15731: 15729: 15724:on 17 April 2009 15714: 15708: 15707: 15705: 15703: 15698:on 15 April 2009 15688: 15682: 15669: 15663: 15662: 15660: 15658: 15636: 15627: 15626: 15624: 15622: 15607: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15596: 15577: 15571: 15570: 15568: 15566: 15546: 15540: 15539: 15537: 15535: 15516: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15502: 15497:on 5 August 2018 15493:. Archived from 15483: 15477: 15476: 15474: 15472: 15453: 15447: 15446: 15441: 15439: 15420: 15414: 15413: 15408: 15406: 15384: 15378: 15377: 15372: 15370: 15354: 15348: 15347: 15345: 15343: 15328: 15322: 15321: 15319: 15317: 15298: 15292: 15291: 15289: 15287: 15281: 15270: 15262: 15256: 15255: 15253: 15251: 15245: 15238: 15229: 15223: 15222: 15220: 15218: 15212: 15205: 15197: 15191: 15190: 15188: 15186: 15181:on 20 March 2012 15171: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15160: 15149: 15143: 15142: 15140: 15138: 15129:. 18 July 2011. 15117: 15111: 15110: 15108: 15106: 15097:. 17 July 2011. 15087: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15061: 15055: 15054: 15052: 15050: 15044: 15033: 15025: 15019: 15018: 15016: 15014: 14991: 14972: 14971: 14969: 14967: 14952: 14941: 14940: 14938: 14936: 14931:on 7 August 2014 14921: 14915: 14914: 14902: 14896: 14895: 14893: 14885: 14879: 14878: 14876: 14874: 14868: 14857: 14849: 14843: 14842: 14840: 14838: 14818: 14812: 14811: 14809: 14807: 14788: 14782: 14781: 14780:on 3 March 2016. 14766: 14760: 14759: 14758:on 4 March 2016. 14748: 14742: 14741: 14739: 14737: 14728:. NationMaster. 14722: 14716: 14715: 14690: 14684: 14683: 14681: 14679: 14660: 14654: 14653: 14651: 14649: 14628: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14617: 14596: 14590: 14589: 14587: 14585: 14579: 14568: 14560: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14549: 14529: 14523: 14522: 14494: 14488: 14487: 14482:. 10 July 2011. 14472: 14466: 14465: 14464:on 2 April 2012. 14460:. Archived from 14449: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14438: 14429:. Archived from 14419: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14408: 14399:. Archived from 14389: 14383: 14382: 14380: 14378: 14359: 14353: 14352: 14350: 14348: 14329: 14323: 14322: 14307: 14301: 14300: 14298: 14296: 14290: 14279: 14271: 14265: 14264: 14259:. Archived from 14246: 14240: 14239: 14237: 14235: 14214: 14205: 14204: 14202: 14200: 14168: 14162: 14161: 14155: 14147: 14145: 14143: 14112: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14096: 14088: 14082: 14081: 14079: 14077: 14071: 14060: 14052: 14046: 14045: 14043: 14041: 14031: 14023: 14017: 14016: 14014: 14012: 14006: 13999: 13991: 13985: 13984: 13978: 13970: 13959: 13953: 13952: 13941: 13935: 13934: 13919: 13913: 13912: 13901: 13895: 13894: 13879: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13865: 13850: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13839: 13824: 13818: 13817: 13806: 13800: 13799: 13797: 13795: 13775: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13764: 13745: 13739: 13738: 13736: 13734: 13719: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13688: 13682: 13681: 13679: 13677: 13668:. 5 March 2020. 13658: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13647: 13628: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13617: 13608:. January 2011. 13594: 13588: 13587: 13585: 13578: 13570: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13559: 13538: 13532: 13531: 13529: 13527: 13512: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13456: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13445: 13427: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13416: 13401: 13395: 13394: 13392: 13390: 13371: 13362: 13361: 13359: 13357: 13342: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13328: 13309: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13298: 13283: 13277: 13271: 13265: 13264: 13262: 13260: 13249: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13227: 13221: 13220: 13218: 13216: 13201: 13195: 13194: 13192: 13190: 13167: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13150: 13139: 13131: 13125: 13124: 13123:on 16 June 2010. 13119:. Archived from 13109: 13100: 13099: 13098:on 16 June 2010. 13094:. Archived from 13084: 13078: 13077: 13070: 13064: 13063: 13048: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13037: 13028:. Archived from 13018: 13012: 13011: 13000: 12994: 12993: 12971: 12965: 12964: 12962: 12960: 12951:. Archived from 12941: 12935: 12934: 12932: 12930: 12924: 12917: 12892: 12886: 12885: 12883: 12881: 12866: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12855: 12836: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12820: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12795: 12777: 12753: 12747: 12746: 12736: 12712: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12695: 12678: 12667: 12661: 12660: 12658: 12656: 12647:. Archived from 12637: 12631: 12630: 12628: 12626: 12620: 12603: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12575: 12560: 12550: 12544: 12543: 12541: 12539: 12528:Voice of America 12520: 12514: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12493:on 25 June 2012. 12483: 12477: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12453: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12442: 12427: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12416: 12410: 12403: 12395: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12384: 12363: 12357: 12356: 12354: 12352: 12337: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12317:. Archived from 12307: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12296: 12277: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12257: 12249: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12235: 12216: 12210: 12209: 12189: 12183: 12182: 12180: 12178: 12157: 12151: 12150: 12148: 12146: 12127: 12121: 12120: 12102: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12091: 12076: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12065: 12050: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12033: 12022: 12013: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12002: 11974: 11968: 11967: 11956: 11950: 11949: 11938: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11908: 11902: 11901: 11899: 11897: 11888:. 21 July 2022. 11878: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11867: 11848: 11842: 11841: 11839: 11837: 11828:. 14 July 2022. 11818: 11812: 11811: 11809: 11807: 11788: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11777: 11758: 11752: 11751: 11749: 11747: 11728: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11717: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11685: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11654: 11648: 11647: 11645: 11643: 11624: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11613: 11594: 11588: 11587: 11585: 11583: 11564: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11534: 11528: 11527: 11525: 11523: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11479: 11473: 11472: 11470: 11468: 11446: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11414: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11403: 11383: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11372: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11319: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11286: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11255: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11229: 11223: 11222: 11220: 11218: 11199: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11173: 11167: 11166: 11160: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11133: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11088:Gunaratna, Rohan 11084: 11078: 11077: 11049: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11019: 11013: 11012: 10997: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10937: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10926: 10917:. 23 July 2013. 10907: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10896: 10877: 10868: 10867: 10861: 10853: 10851: 10849: 10837: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10820: 10813: 10801: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10764:Inside Terrorism 10758: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10738:. Tamil Nation. 10728: 10722: 10721: 10701: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10685: 10676: 10670: 10664: 10658: 10657: 10651: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10624: 10618: 10617: 10615: 10613: 10608:on 8 August 2017 10598: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10529: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10513: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10479: 10451: 10445: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10419:. Archived from 10408: 10402: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10385: 10364: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10332: 10326: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10286: 10277: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10247: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10217: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10178: 10172: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10155: 10127: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10097: 10091: 10085: 10076: 10075: 10055: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10041: 10030:lankalibrary.com 10022: 10016: 10003: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9983:. Archived from 9973: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9957: 9938: 9932: 9919: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9854:The Sunday Times 9846: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9796: 9790: 9789: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9729:. Archived from 9719: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9677:on 12 April 2010 9667: 9661: 9660: 9658: 9656: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9615: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9589: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9569:. Archived from 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9533: 9527: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9499: 9493: 9490: 9484: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9428: 9422: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9385: 9379: 9372: 9363: 9356: 9347: 9346: 9341: 9339: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9291:. Archived from 9281: 9275: 9274: 9263: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9224: 9215: 9214: 9209: 9207: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9171: 9169: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9130: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9082:. Archived from 9072: 9066: 9065: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 8998: 8992: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8886: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8870:on 8 August 2014 8866:. Archived from 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8790:. Archived from 8779: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8705: 8696: 8695: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8594:. Archived from 8584: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8522: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8434: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8403: 8397: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8364: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8306:lankalibrary.com 8297: 8291: 8290: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8237: 8229: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8189: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8107:. Archived from 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8080: 8073: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8053:. Archived from 8049:Zubair, Lareef. 8046: 8040: 8039: 8033: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7951: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7742: 7736: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7690: 7684: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7504: 7493: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7439:. October 2022. 7425: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7401: 7395:. Archived from 7390: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7365: 7349: 7343: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7315: 7302: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7222:on 12 April 2021 7208: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7144: 7122: 7115: 7109: 7107: 7102: 7098: 7092:romanized: 7091: 7089: 7081: 7076: 7072: 7066:romanized: 7065: 7063: 7062:ශ්‍රී ලංකා 7055: 7054: 7053: 7052: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7019: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7003: 7000: 6995: 6994: 6991: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6961: 6953: 6947: 6940: 6913: 6911:Sri Lanka portal 6908: 6907: 6906: 6640:, the author of 6614:Diadem of Poetry 6598:Hansa Sandeshaya 6432:Victor Ratnayake 6381:Michael Ondaatje 5938:national schools 5693: 5683: 5673: 5663: 5653: 5241: 5231: 5181: 5169: 5168: 5068:deep-water ports 5060:National Railway 5042:A-Grade highways 4969:Gini coefficient 4731:fifth NAM summit 4688:Rubber-Rice Pact 4574:. Originally, a 4570:and in Tamil as 4261:(Persons per km) 4240: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4218: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4183: 4176: 4167: 4108: 4092: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4063:decentralisation 4048:and twenty-five 3990:political crisis 3944:Rohana Wijeweera 3940:Marxist–Leninist 3824: 3817: 3810: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3688: 3515:'s headquarters. 3509:Galle Face Green 3492: 3489: 3471: 3464: 3423:Maha rath mala ( 3324:Jaffna Peninsula 3064:remaining above 2821:new constitution 2751: 2744: 2733: 2726: 2676:Sinhala Only Act 2638:D. S. Senanayake 2587:Soulbury reforms 2455:Robert Brownrigg 2432:Treaty of Amiens 2304:came to an end. 2110:'s adopted son, 2108:Parâkramabâhu VI 2093:Sinhalese people 1822:, who overthrew 1808:Sena and Guttika 1770:Bakhtiyar Khilji 1758:Buddhist schools 1425: 1420: 1416: 1407: 1400: 1399:ශ්‍රී ලංකා 1391: 1347:) from the word 1346: 1345: 1336: 1307:under Chola rule 1300: 1294:romanized: 1293: 1291: 1254:, the legendary 1149:Kingdom of Kandy 1129:Kingdom of Kotte 1058:Sinhalese people 1031:Indian peninsula 986: 985: 973: 892: 873:Sri Lankan rupee 859: 858: 852: 851: 845: 834: 833: 825: 809: 808: 790: 789: 773: 757: 756: 738: 737: 721: 678:22,037,000 ( 677: 676: 621:7 September 1978 617: 370: 316:Sri Lankan Moors 242: 241: 239: 238: 237: 232: 231:6.933°N 79.867°E 228: 225: 224: 223: 220: 191: 178: 162: 133: 119: 99: 84: 71: 70: 67: 59: 58: 52: 44: 43: 28: 27: 24025: 24024: 24020: 24019: 24018: 24016: 24015: 24014: 24010:Buddhist states 23935: 23934: 23925: 23923: 23919: 23916: 23911: 23908: 23906: 23904: 23903: 23901: 23896: 23895: 23890: 23794: 23708: 23703: 23673: 23668: 23620: 23609: 23607: 23596: 23594: 23583: 23581: 23570: 23568: 23557: 23555: 23544: 23542: 23531: 23515: 23513: 23492: 23481: 23479: 23468: 23466: 23455: 23453: 23442: 23440: 23429: 23427: 23416: 23414: 23403: 23401: 23390: 23388: 23377: 23375: 23364: 23362: 23351: 23349: 23338: 23336: 23325: 23323: 23312: 23310: 23299: 23288: 23286: 23280:Observer states 23275: 23264: 23262: 23251: 23249: 23238: 23236: 23225: 23223: 23212: 23210: 23199: 23197: 23186: 23184: 23173: 23171: 23160: 23158: 23147: 23145: 23132: 23096: 23091: 23061: 23056: 23042: 22942: 22932:Ross Dependency 22917: 22858: 22835: 22776:Solomon Islands 22548: 22540: 22531: 22501: 22496: 22467:SAARC satellite 22445: 22399: 22378: 22322: 22271: 22162: 22150: 22144: 22114: 22109: 22069: 21964: 21954: 21943: 21918: 21909: 21805: 21799: 21769: 21764: 21726: 21700: 21677: 21632: 21565: 21536:Middle kingdoms 21500: 21491:Stock exchanges 21446: 21423: 21379:Cultural sphere 21345: 21257: 21248: 21127: 21122: 21092: 21087: 21060: 21045: 21029: 21026: 21014: 20987: 20971: 20948: 20945: 20937: 20918:Northern Cyprus 20906: 20903: 20895: 20886: 20628: 20619: 20589: 20584: 20518: 20502: 20476: 20470: 20435: 20427: 20422: 20390: 20324: 20214: 20195:Public holidays 20113: 19946: 19900:Protected areas 19795: 19736: 19691: 19626: 19615:15th Parliament 19542: 19538:Labour Tribunal 19523:District courts 19513:Court of appeal 19492: 19488:Law enforcement 19443: 19407: 19361: 19240: 19180: 19137: 19131: 19094: 19057: 19047: 19043: 19020: 18926: 18889:Wayback Machine 18872:Wayback Machine 18840: 18835: 18830: 18824: 18796: 18794: 18793:on 24 July 2011 18790: 18779: 18761: 18751:Nova Publishers 18723: 18721: 18719: 18690: 18671: 18666: 18661: 18660: 18650: 18648: 18644: 18643: 18639: 18629: 18627: 18623: 18622: 18618: 18608: 18606: 18602: 18601: 18597: 18587: 18585: 18581: 18580: 18576: 18566: 18564: 18555: 18554: 18550: 18537: 18536: 18532: 18515: 18514: 18510: 18501: 18500: 18496: 18491:. 12 June 2008. 18483: 18482: 18478: 18468: 18466: 18457: 18456: 18452: 18442: 18440: 18432: 18431: 18427: 18417: 18415: 18404:"Asia Cup 2014" 18402: 18401: 18397: 18387: 18385: 18384:on 7 March 2016 18374:"Asia Cup 2008" 18372: 18371: 18367: 18352: 18348: 18333: 18329: 18320: 18319: 18315: 18307:Times of Sports 18300: 18299: 18295: 18278: 18274: 18258: 18257: 18253: 18238: 18234: 18223: 18219: 18214:. ESPNcricinfo. 18210: 18209: 18205: 18188: 18184: 18174: 18172: 18157: 18156: 18152: 18142: 18140: 18131: 18130: 18126: 18116: 18114: 18105: 18104: 18100: 18081: 18080: 18076: 18061: 18057: 18044: 18043: 18039: 18029: 18027: 18026:on 4 March 2016 18014: 18013: 18009: 17999: 17997: 17996:on 4 March 2016 17988: 17987: 17976: 17966: 17964: 17955: 17954: 17950: 17940: 17938: 17937:on 4 March 2016 17929: 17928: 17924: 17911: 17910: 17906: 17899: 17879: 17870: 17857:"Kandyan dance" 17855: 17854: 17850: 17843: 17823: 17819: 17812: 17796: 17792: 17785: 17761: 17757: 17747: 17745: 17744:on 9 March 2016 17730: 17729: 17725: 17718: 17710:. p. 253. 17708:Nova Publishers 17694: 17690: 17683: 17667: 17663: 17652: 17648: 17641: 17625: 17621: 17614: 17598: 17594: 17586: 17582: 17574: 17570: 17561: 17560: 17556: 17546: 17544: 17539: 17538: 17534: 17526: 17522: 17512: 17510: 17501: 17500: 17496: 17486: 17484: 17475: 17474: 17470: 17460: 17458: 17448: 17444: 17431: 17429: 17425: 17419: 17415: 17407: 17403: 17402: 17398: 17388: 17386: 17385:on 8 April 2014 17377: 17376: 17372: 17362: 17360: 17351: 17350: 17346: 17334: 17330: 17329: 17325: 17320:on 7 June 2001. 17308: 17307: 17303: 17293: 17291: 17280: 17276: 17266: 17264: 17251: 17250: 17246: 17236: 17234: 17219: 17215: 17205: 17203: 17194: 17193: 17189: 17179: 17177: 17162: 17158: 17150: 17146: 17145: 17141: 17132: 17131: 17127: 17117: 17115: 17111: 17100: 17096: 17095: 17088: 17078: 17076: 17063: 17062: 17058: 17048: 17046: 17044: 17020: 17016: 16999: 16998: 16994: 16986: 16975: 16971: 16970: 16966: 16954: 16950: 16949: 16945: 16935: 16933: 16924: 16923: 16919: 16906: 16905: 16901: 16885: 16884: 16877: 16875: 16870: 16869: 16865: 16852: 16851: 16847: 16840: 16832:. p. 472. 16828:. Los Angeles: 16820: 16816: 16806: 16804: 16791: 16790: 16786: 16773: 16772: 16765: 16755: 16753: 16748: 16747: 16743: 16696: 16692: 16679: 16678: 16674: 16664: 16662: 16658: 16651: 16647: 16646: 16642: 16632: 16630: 16621: 16620: 16616: 16606: 16604: 16603:on 4 March 2016 16591: 16590: 16586: 16573: 16572: 16568: 16555: 16554: 16550: 16537: 16536: 16532: 16519: 16518: 16514: 16507: 16491: 16487: 16477: 16475: 16474:on 12 June 2023 16464: 16460: 16452: 16445: 16441: 16440: 16436: 16423: 16422: 16418: 16412:Wayback Machine 16403: 16399: 16394: 16390: 16380: 16378: 16363: 16359: 16350: 16349: 16342: 16332: 16330: 16329:. Buddhanet.net 16325: 16324: 16315: 16298: 16297: 16293: 16283: 16281: 16280:on 1 March 2020 16277: 16266: 16262: 16261: 16257: 16247: 16245: 16236: 16235: 16231: 16221: 16219: 16206: 16205: 16201: 16185: 16181: 16180: 16176: 16163: 16162: 16158: 16148: 16146: 16133: 16132: 16128: 16118: 16116: 16103: 16102: 16098: 16088: 16086: 16082: 16075: 16071: 16070: 16066: 16056: 16054: 16031: 16027: 16017: 16015: 15990: 15986: 15976: 15974: 15961: 15960: 15956: 15946: 15944: 15931: 15930: 15926: 15916: 15914: 15901: 15900: 15896: 15886: 15884: 15879:. 8 June 2021. 15875: 15874: 15870: 15860: 15858: 15851:Agrigate Global 15845: 15844: 15840: 15826: 15824: 15817:Agrigate Global 15811: 15810: 15803: 15793: 15791: 15778: 15777: 15773: 15760: 15759: 15755: 15742: 15741: 15737: 15727: 15725: 15716: 15715: 15711: 15701: 15699: 15690: 15689: 15685: 15679:Wayback Machine 15670: 15666: 15656: 15654: 15637: 15630: 15620: 15618: 15609: 15608: 15604: 15594: 15592: 15579: 15578: 15574: 15564: 15562: 15547: 15543: 15533: 15531: 15518: 15517: 15510: 15500: 15498: 15491:economynext.com 15485: 15484: 15480: 15470: 15468: 15455: 15454: 15450: 15437: 15435: 15422: 15421: 15417: 15404: 15402: 15385: 15381: 15368: 15366: 15355: 15351: 15341: 15339: 15330: 15329: 15325: 15315: 15313: 15300: 15299: 15295: 15285: 15283: 15279: 15268: 15264: 15263: 15259: 15249: 15247: 15243: 15236: 15230: 15226: 15216: 15214: 15210: 15203: 15199: 15198: 15194: 15184: 15182: 15173: 15172: 15168: 15158: 15156: 15151: 15150: 15146: 15136: 15134: 15119: 15118: 15114: 15104: 15102: 15089: 15088: 15084: 15074: 15072: 15063: 15062: 15058: 15048: 15046: 15042: 15031: 15027: 15026: 15022: 15012: 15010: 14999:treasury.gov.lk 14993: 14992: 14975: 14965: 14963: 14954: 14953: 14944: 14934: 14932: 14923: 14922: 14918: 14903: 14899: 14891: 14887: 14886: 14882: 14872: 14870: 14866: 14855: 14851: 14850: 14846: 14836: 14834: 14819: 14815: 14805: 14803: 14798:. 22 May 2009. 14790: 14789: 14785: 14768: 14767: 14763: 14750: 14749: 14745: 14735: 14733: 14724: 14723: 14719: 14712: 14691: 14687: 14677: 14675: 14662: 14661: 14657: 14647: 14645: 14630: 14629: 14625: 14615: 14613: 14598: 14597: 14593: 14583: 14581: 14577: 14566: 14562: 14561: 14557: 14547: 14545: 14530: 14526: 14495: 14491: 14474: 14473: 14469: 14450: 14446: 14436: 14434: 14421: 14420: 14416: 14406: 14404: 14391: 14390: 14386: 14376: 14374: 14361: 14360: 14356: 14346: 14344: 14331: 14330: 14326: 14309: 14308: 14304: 14294: 14292: 14291:on 4 March 2016 14288: 14277: 14273: 14272: 14268: 14247: 14243: 14233: 14231: 14216: 14215: 14208: 14198: 14196: 14189: 14169: 14165: 14149: 14148: 14141: 14139: 14132: 14113: 14109: 14104:on 19 May 2011. 14101: 14094: 14090: 14089: 14085: 14075: 14073: 14069: 14058: 14054: 14053: 14049: 14039: 14037: 14029: 14025: 14024: 14020: 14010: 14008: 14004: 13997: 13993: 13992: 13988: 13972: 13971: 13961: 13960: 13956: 13951:on 24 May 2009. 13943: 13942: 13938: 13921: 13920: 13916: 13911:. 12 June 2011. 13903: 13902: 13898: 13893:on 7 July 2009. 13881: 13880: 13873: 13863: 13861: 13852: 13851: 13847: 13837: 13835: 13826: 13825: 13821: 13808: 13807: 13803: 13793: 13791: 13776: 13772: 13762: 13760: 13753:thediplomat.com 13747: 13746: 13742: 13732: 13730: 13721: 13720: 13716: 13706: 13704: 13689: 13685: 13675: 13673: 13660: 13659: 13655: 13645: 13643: 13630: 13629: 13625: 13615: 13613: 13596: 13595: 13591: 13583: 13576: 13572: 13571: 13567: 13557: 13555: 13540: 13539: 13535: 13525: 13523: 13514: 13513: 13504: 13494: 13492: 13485: 13475:Nova Publishers 13457: 13453: 13443: 13441: 13428: 13424: 13414: 13412: 13403: 13402: 13398: 13388: 13386: 13373: 13372: 13365: 13355: 13353: 13344: 13343: 13336: 13326: 13324: 13311: 13310: 13306: 13296: 13294: 13285: 13284: 13280: 13272: 13268: 13258: 13256: 13251: 13250: 13246: 13236: 13234: 13229: 13228: 13224: 13214: 13212: 13203: 13202: 13198: 13188: 13186: 13169: 13168: 13164: 13154: 13152: 13148: 13137: 13133: 13132: 13128: 13111: 13110: 13103: 13086: 13085: 13081: 13072: 13071: 13067: 13050: 13049: 13045: 13035: 13033: 13020: 13019: 13015: 13002: 13001: 12997: 12990: 12972: 12968: 12958: 12956: 12943: 12942: 12938: 12928: 12926: 12922: 12893: 12889: 12879: 12877: 12868: 12867: 12863: 12853: 12851: 12838: 12837: 12833: 12825: 12818: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12754: 12750: 12713: 12709: 12699: 12697: 12693: 12687: 12676: 12668: 12664: 12654: 12652: 12651:on 23 July 2014 12639: 12638: 12634: 12624: 12622: 12618: 12612: 12601: 12593: 12589: 12579: 12577: 12573: 12563:Current Science 12558: 12551: 12547: 12537: 12535: 12522: 12521: 12517: 12511:Wayback Machine 12502: 12498: 12485: 12484: 12480: 12470: 12468: 12455: 12454: 12450: 12440: 12438: 12429: 12428: 12424: 12414: 12412: 12408: 12401: 12397: 12396: 12392: 12382: 12380: 12372:Tissa Vitharana 12365: 12364: 12360: 12350: 12348: 12339: 12338: 12334: 12324: 12322: 12309: 12308: 12304: 12294: 12292: 12279: 12278: 12274: 12266: 12255: 12251: 12250: 12243: 12233: 12231: 12218: 12217: 12213: 12206: 12190: 12186: 12176: 12174: 12161:"Adam's Bridge" 12159: 12158: 12154: 12144: 12142: 12129: 12128: 12124: 12117: 12103: 12099: 12089: 12087: 12078: 12077: 12073: 12063: 12061: 12052: 12051: 12047: 12037: 12035: 12031: 12020: 12014: 12010: 12000: 11998: 11991: 11975: 11971: 11958: 11957: 11953: 11940: 11939: 11935: 11925: 11923: 11910: 11909: 11905: 11895: 11893: 11880: 11879: 11875: 11865: 11863: 11858:. 9 July 2022. 11850: 11849: 11845: 11835: 11833: 11820: 11819: 11815: 11805: 11803: 11798:. 9 July 2022. 11790: 11789: 11785: 11775: 11773: 11760: 11759: 11755: 11745: 11743: 11738:. 19 May 2022. 11730: 11729: 11725: 11715: 11713: 11700: 11699: 11695: 11679: 11678: 11671: 11669: 11656: 11655: 11651: 11641: 11639: 11626: 11625: 11621: 11611: 11609: 11596: 11595: 11591: 11581: 11579: 11566: 11565: 11561: 11551: 11549: 11536: 11535: 11531: 11521: 11519: 11507: 11506: 11502: 11492: 11490: 11481: 11480: 11476: 11466: 11464: 11447: 11443: 11433: 11431: 11426:. 20 May 2009. 11416: 11415: 11411: 11401: 11399: 11384: 11380: 11370: 11368: 11363:. 24 May 2009. 11353: 11352: 11348: 11338: 11336: 11331:. 24 May 2009. 11321: 11320: 11316: 11306: 11304: 11287: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11256: 11252: 11242: 11240: 11231: 11230: 11226: 11216: 11214: 11201: 11200: 11196: 11186: 11184: 11183:on 5 March 2016 11175: 11174: 11170: 11154: 11153: 11146: 11144: 11135: 11134: 11127: 11117: 11115: 11108: 11085: 11081: 11050: 11046: 11036: 11034: 11021: 11020: 11016: 10999: 10998: 10994: 10984: 10982: 10969: 10968: 10964: 10954: 10952: 10939: 10938: 10934: 10924: 10922: 10909: 10908: 10904: 10894: 10892: 10879: 10878: 10871: 10855: 10854: 10847: 10845: 10838: 10834: 10824: 10822: 10818: 10811: 10805:Rohan Gunaratna 10802: 10798: 10788: 10786: 10779: 10771:. p. 139. 10759: 10755: 10745: 10743: 10729: 10725: 10702: 10698: 10690: 10683: 10677: 10673: 10665: 10661: 10645: 10644: 10637: 10635: 10626: 10625: 10621: 10611: 10609: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10576: 10560: 10556: 10546: 10544: 10531: 10530: 10521: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10491: 10487: 10477: 10475: 10468: 10452: 10448: 10440: 10436: 10426: 10424: 10409: 10405: 10397: 10393: 10383: 10381: 10366: 10365: 10361: 10351: 10349: 10334: 10333: 10329: 10321: 10317: 10307: 10305: 10288: 10287: 10280: 10272: 10268: 10260: 10256: 10248: 10244: 10234: 10232: 10231:on 4 March 2016 10219: 10218: 10214: 10204: 10202: 10195: 10179: 10175: 10167: 10163: 10153: 10151: 10144: 10128: 10124: 10114: 10112: 10099: 10098: 10094: 10086: 10079: 10072: 10056: 10049: 10039: 10037: 10024: 10023: 10019: 10014:Wayback Machine 10004: 10000: 9990: 9988: 9975: 9974: 9965: 9955: 9953: 9940: 9939: 9935: 9930:Wayback Machine 9920: 9916: 9906: 9904: 9897: 9877: 9873: 9863: 9861: 9848: 9847: 9838: 9828: 9826: 9819: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9770: 9766: 9750: 9746: 9736: 9734: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9706: 9704: 9695: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9678: 9669: 9668: 9664: 9654: 9652: 9651:on 20 June 2015 9643: 9642: 9638: 9628: 9626: 9617: 9616: 9612: 9602: 9600: 9591: 9590: 9586: 9576: 9574: 9561: 9560: 9556: 9546: 9544: 9543:on 23 June 2015 9535: 9534: 9530: 9524:Wayback Machine 9515: 9511: 9500: 9496: 9491: 9487: 9482:Wayback Machine 9472: 9468: 9458: 9456: 9449: 9441:. p. 304. 9429: 9425: 9415: 9413: 9406: 9386: 9382: 9373: 9366: 9357: 9350: 9337: 9335: 9328: 9304: 9300: 9283: 9282: 9278: 9273:on 5 June 2011. 9265: 9264: 9260: 9250: 9248: 9241: 9225: 9218: 9205: 9203: 9184: 9180: 9167: 9165: 9146: 9145: 9141: 9128: 9126: 9119: 9103: 9099: 9089: 9087: 9074: 9073: 9069: 9046:10.2307/1522637 9030: 9026: 9016: 9014: 8999: 8995: 8990:Wayback Machine 8980: 8976: 8966: 8964: 8957: 8941: 8937: 8930: 8914: 8910: 8903: 8887: 8883: 8873: 8871: 8858: 8857: 8853: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8811: 8807: 8797: 8795: 8794:on 15 July 2012 8780: 8776: 8768: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8717:. 28 May 2008. 8707: 8706: 8699: 8692: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8616: 8615: 8611: 8601: 8599: 8586: 8585: 8581: 8571: 8569: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8541: 8539: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8509: 8507: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8482: 8462: 8458: 8451: 8435: 8431: 8421: 8419: 8404: 8400: 8395: 8391: 8380: 8376: 8365: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8330: 8329: 8325: 8315: 8313: 8298: 8294: 8287: 8279:. p. 454. 8263: 8259: 8251: 8247: 8231: 8230: 8222: 8218: 8208: 8206: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8176: 8174: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8128: 8124: 8114: 8112: 8099: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8047: 8043: 8027: 8026: 8019: 8017: 8004: 8000: 7990: 7988: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7955:"Hobson-Jobson" 7953: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7936: 7925: 7921: 7914: 7896: 7892: 7885: 7869: 7865: 7855: 7853: 7846: 7830: 7826: 7819: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7776: 7772: 7762: 7760: 7743: 7739: 7730:Wayback Machine 7721: 7717: 7707: 7705: 7692: 7691: 7687: 7682:Wayback Machine 7668: 7664: 7657: 7639: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7599: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7427: 7426: 7415: 7405: 7403: 7399: 7388: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7351: 7350: 7346: 7333: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7313: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7240: 7239: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7195: 7193: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7163: 7161: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7125: 7116: 7112: 7100: 7074: 7048: 7047: 7023: 7014: 7013: 6997: 6976: 6965: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6941: 6937: 6932: 6909: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6828:and hosted the 6658: 6652: 6626:Flood of Nectar 6610:Kavya-Sekharaya 6594:Girā Sandeshaya 6545:Subha saha Yasa 6428:W. D. Amaradeva 6420:Mahagama Sekara 6343:Line of Destiny 6321:black-and-white 6305:), produced by 6270: 6250:Main articles: 6248: 6232:Maha Shivaratri 6144: 6136:Main articles: 6134: 6108:at a temple in 6096: 6056:has documented 6047:homosexual acts 5972: 5964:Main articles: 5962: 5894: 5888: 5867:life expectancy 5863: 5849: 5791:Roman Catholics 5778:who follow the 5698: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5689: 5681: 5679: 5671: 5669: 5661: 5659: 5651: 5643: 5637: 5599: 5593: 5588: 5242: 5236: 5232: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5166: 5118: 5112: 5092: 5056:railway network 5040:consists of 35 5037: 5031: 5020:economic crisis 5002:Sri Lanka ranks 4998:frontier market 4860: 4842: 4836: 4751: 4737:. As a result, 4612: 4606: 4600: 4564:Grama Niladhari 4552: 4260: 4252: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4074: 4058: 4042: 4036: 3948:Communist Party 3828: 3782:Ceylon ironwood 3772:Blue water lily 3731:Sri Lanka Matha 3692: 3687: 3679:Main articles: 3677: 3652:Roman-Dutch law 3578:chief executive 3552:socialist state 3519:Sri Lanka is a 3493: 3487: 3484: 3477:needs expansion 3462: 3454:Main articles: 3452: 3252: 3242: 3234:Main articles: 3232: 3230:Flora and fauna 3202:The climate is 3192: 3186: 3176:. Existence of 3058:Hindu mythology 3056:. According to 2994: 2988: 2948:street protests 2827:and a powerful 2804:in 1975 by the 2763: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2737: 2736: 2734:Queen of Ceylon 2732: 2727: 2718: 2717: 2716:Leaders in 1960 2634:dominion status 2611: 2601: 2595: 2397:Napoleonic Wars 2267:Petrus Plancius 2239: 2225: 2219: 2165:(Indonesia) to 2137:, and finally, 2007: 1999:Main articles: 1997: 1915:oral literature 1864:Malay Peninsula 1862:) and from the 1840:Sinhala Kingdom 1580: 1572:Main articles: 1570: 1568:Ancient history 1449: 1443: 1438: 1432: 1418: 1374:. As a British 1313:("realm of the 1272:Hindu mythology 1246: 1240: 1186:Sri Lanka is a 1043:maritime border 1000: 999: 998: 993:to display the 987: 983: 974: 969: 968: 959: 887: 856: 855: 854: 843: 831: 830: 829: 823: 802: 783: 771: 750: 731: 715: 699: 689: 670: 653: 639: 618: 613: 603: 593:4 February 1948 590: 577: 564: 551: 538: 528:377 BCE–1017 CE 525: 512: 471: 456: 441: 426: 386: 381: 376: 371: 360: 357: 349: 296: 276: 245: 235: 233: 229: 226: 221: 218: 216: 214: 213: 212: 182: 167: 164: 158: 156: 154: 151:Sri Lanka Matha 141: 140: 139: 134: 126: 125: 120: 107: 106: 61: 46: 35: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 24023: 24013: 24012: 24007: 24002: 23997: 23992: 23987: 23982: 23977: 23972: 23967: 23962: 23957: 23952: 23947: 23898: 23897: 23892: 23891: 23889: 23888: 23883: 23878: 23873: 23868: 23863: 23858: 23853: 23848: 23843: 23838: 23833: 23828: 23823: 23818: 23813: 23808: 23802: 23800: 23796: 23795: 23793: 23792: 23787: 23782: 23777: 23772: 23767: 23762: 23757: 23752: 23747: 23742: 23737: 23732: 23727: 23722: 23716: 23714: 23710: 23709: 23702: 23701: 23694: 23687: 23679: 23670: 23669: 23667: 23666: 23665: 23664: 23659: 23649: 23644: 23639: 23634: 23628: 23626: 23622: 23621: 23619: 23618: 23605: 23592: 23579: 23566: 23553: 23539: 23537: 23533: 23532: 23530: 23529: 23527:United Nations 23524: 23511: 23506: 23500: 23498: 23494: 23493: 23491: 23490: 23477: 23464: 23451: 23438: 23425: 23412: 23399: 23386: 23373: 23360: 23347: 23334: 23321: 23307: 23305: 23301: 23300: 23298: 23297: 23283: 23281: 23277: 23276: 23274: 23273: 23260: 23247: 23234: 23221: 23208: 23195: 23182: 23169: 23156: 23142: 23140: 23134: 23133: 23131: 23130: 23125: 23123:Samarkand 2022 23120: 23115: 23110: 23104: 23102: 23098: 23097: 23090: 23089: 23082: 23075: 23067: 23058: 23057: 23051: 23048: 23047: 23044: 23043: 23041: 23040: 23035: 23030: 23025: 23020: 23015: 23010: 23005: 23000: 22995: 22990: 22988:Cayman Islands 22985: 22980: 22975: 22968: 22963: 22958: 22952: 22950: 22948:United Kingdom 22944: 22943: 22941: 22940: 22935: 22927: 22925: 22919: 22918: 22916: 22915: 22913:Norfolk Island 22910: 22905: 22900: 22895: 22890: 22883: 22877: 22875: 22866: 22860: 22859: 22857: 22856: 22851: 22845: 22843: 22837: 22836: 22834: 22833: 22828: 22823: 22821:United Kingdom 22818: 22813: 22808: 22803: 22798: 22793: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22768: 22763: 22758: 22753: 22748: 22743: 22738: 22733: 22728: 22723: 22718: 22713: 22708: 22703: 22698: 22693: 22688: 22683: 22678: 22673: 22668: 22663: 22658: 22653: 22648: 22643: 22638: 22633: 22628: 22623: 22618: 22613: 22608: 22603: 22598: 22593: 22588: 22583: 22578: 22573: 22568: 22563: 22558: 22552: 22550: 22542: 22541: 22530: 22529: 22522: 22515: 22507: 22498: 22497: 22495: 22494: 22492:SAARC Fountain 22489: 22484: 22479: 22474: 22469: 22464: 22459: 22453: 22451: 22447: 22446: 22444: 22443: 22438: 22433: 22428: 22423: 22418: 22413: 22407: 22405: 22401: 22400: 22398: 22397: 22392: 22386: 22384: 22380: 22379: 22377: 22376: 22371: 22366: 22361: 22356: 22351: 22346: 22344:European Union 22341: 22336: 22330: 22328: 22324: 22323: 22321: 22320: 22315: 22310: 22305: 22300: 22295: 22290: 22285: 22279: 22277: 22273: 22272: 22270: 22269: 22264:Islamabad 2016 22261: 22259:Kathmandu 2014 22256: 22251: 22246: 22241: 22239:New Delhi 2007 22236: 22231: 22229:Islamabad 2004 22226: 22224:Kathmandu 2002 22221: 22216: 22211: 22209:New Delhi 1995 22206: 22201: 22196: 22191: 22189:Islamabad 1988 22186: 22184:Kathmandu 1987 22181: 22179:Bangalore 1986 22176: 22170: 22168: 22164: 22163: 22158: 22156: 22152: 22151: 22143: 22142: 22135: 22128: 22120: 22111: 22110: 22108: 22107: 22102: 22101: 22100: 22095: 22090: 22077: 22075: 22071: 22070: 22068: 22067: 22062: 22057: 22052: 22047: 22042: 22037: 22032: 22027: 22022: 22017: 22012: 22007: 22002: 21997: 21992: 21987: 21982: 21977: 21972: 21967: 21957: 21947: 21944:United Kingdom 21937: 21932: 21926: 21924: 21920: 21919: 21912: 21910: 21908: 21907: 21902: 21897: 21892: 21885: 21880: 21875: 21870: 21865: 21860: 21855: 21854: 21853: 21846: 21834: 21829: 21824: 21819: 21813: 21811: 21807: 21806: 21798: 21797: 21790: 21783: 21775: 21766: 21765: 21763: 21762: 21757: 21752: 21747: 21742: 21736: 21734: 21728: 21727: 21725: 21724: 21719: 21714: 21708: 21706: 21702: 21701: 21699: 21698: 21693: 21687: 21685: 21679: 21678: 21676: 21675: 21674: 21673: 21663: 21658: 21653: 21648: 21642: 21640: 21634: 21633: 21631: 21630: 21629: 21628: 21623: 21618: 21608: 21603: 21602: 21601: 21596: 21591: 21586: 21575: 21573: 21567: 21566: 21564: 21563: 21558: 21553: 21548: 21543: 21538: 21533: 21528: 21523: 21522: 21521: 21510: 21508: 21502: 21501: 21499: 21498: 21493: 21488: 21487: 21486: 21481: 21476: 21466: 21460: 21458: 21448: 21447: 21445: 21444: 21442:Climate change 21439: 21433: 21431: 21425: 21424: 21422: 21421: 21416: 21411: 21406: 21401: 21396: 21391: 21386: 21381: 21376: 21371: 21366: 21361: 21355: 21353: 21347: 21346: 21344: 21343: 21338: 21337: 21336: 21331: 21326: 21321: 21313: 21308: 21303: 21298: 21293: 21288: 21283: 21278: 21273: 21267: 21265: 21259: 21258: 21251: 21249: 21247: 21246: 21241: 21240: 21239: 21234: 21229: 21224: 21214: 21209: 21208: 21207: 21197: 21192: 21187: 21186: 21185: 21180: 21175: 21170: 21169: 21168: 21153: 21148: 21143: 21137: 21135: 21129: 21128: 21121: 21120: 21113: 21106: 21098: 21089: 21088: 21086: 21085: 21073: 21059: 21058: 21055: 21051: 21050: 21047: 21046: 21044: 21043: 21038: 21032: 21030: 21023: 21020: 21019: 21016: 21015: 21013: 21012: 21002: 20995: 20993: 20992:United Kingdom 20989: 20988: 20986: 20985: 20979: 20977: 20973: 20972: 20970: 20969: 20964: 20958: 20956: 20949: 20942: 20939: 20938: 20936: 20935: 20930: 20925: 20920: 20915: 20909: 20907: 20900: 20897: 20896: 20889: 20887: 20885: 20884: 20879: 20874: 20869: 20864: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20829: 20824: 20819: 20814: 20809: 20804: 20799: 20794: 20789: 20784: 20779: 20774: 20769: 20764: 20759: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20729: 20724: 20719: 20714: 20709: 20704: 20699: 20694: 20689: 20684: 20679: 20674: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20654: 20649: 20644: 20638: 20636: 20630: 20629: 20618: 20617: 20610: 20603: 20595: 20586: 20585: 20583: 20582: 20577: 20572: 20567: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20532: 20530:United Nations 20526: 20524: 20520: 20519: 20517: 20516: 20510: 20508: 20504: 20503: 20501: 20500: 20495: 20490: 20484: 20482: 20478: 20477: 20469: 20468: 20461: 20454: 20446: 20440: 20437: 20436: 20424: 20423: 20421: 20420: 20410: 20399: 20396: 20395: 20392: 20391: 20389: 20388: 20383: 20378: 20373: 20368: 20363: 20358: 20353: 20348: 20343: 20338: 20332: 20330: 20326: 20325: 20323: 20322: 20317: 20312: 20311: 20310: 20305: 20300: 20290: 20285: 20280: 20275: 20270: 20265: 20260: 20255: 20250: 20245: 20240: 20235: 20230: 20224: 20222: 20216: 20215: 20213: 20212: 20207: 20202: 20197: 20192: 20191: 20190: 20180: 20179: 20178: 20173: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20152: 20151: 20146: 20136: 20130: 20128: 20121: 20115: 20114: 20112: 20111: 20110: 20109: 20104: 20099: 20094: 20089: 20084: 20079: 20074: 20069: 20064: 20059: 20054: 20049: 20040: 20039: 20034: 20029: 20024: 20019: 20014: 20012:Stock Exchange 20009: 20004: 19999: 19994: 19989: 19984: 19979: 19977:Communications 19974: 19973: 19972: 19962: 19956: 19954: 19948: 19947: 19945: 19944: 19939: 19934: 19933: 19932: 19927: 19922: 19917: 19912: 19902: 19897: 19895:National parks 19892: 19891: 19890: 19885: 19880: 19875: 19873:Pidurutalagala 19865: 19860: 19858:Extreme points 19855: 19850: 19844: 19843: 19842: 19841: 19836: 19831: 19826: 19821: 19816: 19805: 19803: 19797: 19796: 19794: 19793: 19788: 19787: 19786: 19781: 19771: 19766: 19761: 19756: 19750: 19748: 19742: 19741: 19738: 19737: 19735: 19734: 19729: 19728: 19727: 19722: 19720:Urban councils 19717: 19707: 19701: 19699: 19693: 19692: 19690: 19689: 19684: 19683: 19682: 19677: 19672: 19664: 19663: 19662: 19657: 19652: 19647: 19636: 19634: 19628: 19627: 19625: 19624: 19623: 19622: 19612: 19611: 19610: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19570: 19569: 19568: 19561:Prime Minister 19550: 19548: 19544: 19543: 19541: 19540: 19535: 19533:Primary Courts 19530: 19525: 19520: 19515: 19510: 19502: 19500: 19494: 19493: 19491: 19490: 19485: 19480: 19475: 19466: 19465: 19464: 19451: 19449: 19445: 19444: 19442: 19441: 19436: 19430: 19428: 19419: 19413: 19412: 19409: 19408: 19406: 19405: 19400: 19395: 19390: 19385: 19380: 19375: 19369: 19367: 19363: 19362: 19360: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19329: 19327:British Ceylon 19324: 19319: 19314: 19309: 19304: 19299: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19248: 19246: 19242: 19241: 19239: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19226:Kandyan period 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19197: 19195: 19188: 19182: 19181: 19179: 19178: 19177: 19176: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19145: 19143: 19139: 19138: 19130: 19129: 19122: 19115: 19107: 19101: 19100: 19093: 19090: 19089: 19088: 19079: 19069: 19054: 19042: 19039: 19038: 19037: 19027: 19019: 19016: 19015: 19014: 19004: 18994: 18984: 18974: 18965: 18955: 18949: 18943: 18925: 18922: 18921: 18920: 18910: 18900: 18879: 18862: 18857: 18847: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18833:External links 18831: 18829: 18828: 18822: 18803: 18784:usamyanmar.net 18772: 18765: 18759: 18740: 18730: 18717: 18702: 18688: 18672: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18659: 18658: 18637: 18616: 18595: 18574: 18557:"SAFF Website" 18548: 18530: 18508: 18494: 18489:The Daily News 18476: 18450: 18425: 18395: 18365: 18346: 18327: 18313: 18293: 18272: 18251: 18232: 18217: 18203: 18182: 18150: 18124: 18098: 18074: 18069:The Daily News 18055: 18050:The Daily News 18037: 18007: 17974: 17948: 17922: 17904: 17897: 17868: 17848: 17841: 17835:. p. 50. 17817: 17810: 17790: 17783: 17755: 17723: 17716: 17688: 17681: 17661: 17646: 17639: 17619: 17612: 17592: 17580: 17568: 17554: 17532: 17520: 17494: 17468: 17442: 17413: 17396: 17370: 17344: 17339:United Nations 17323: 17301: 17274: 17244: 17213: 17187: 17156: 17139: 17125: 17086: 17056: 17042: 17014: 16992: 16964: 16943: 16917: 16899: 16863: 16858:The Daily News 16845: 16838: 16814: 16784: 16779:The Daily News 16763: 16741: 16690: 16672: 16640: 16614: 16584: 16566: 16548: 16530: 16512: 16505: 16485: 16458: 16434: 16416: 16397: 16388: 16357: 16340: 16313: 16291: 16255: 16229: 16199: 16174: 16156: 16126: 16096: 16064: 16025: 15984: 15954: 15924: 15894: 15868: 15838: 15801: 15771: 15753: 15735: 15709: 15683: 15664: 15628: 15602: 15572: 15541: 15508: 15478: 15448: 15415: 15379: 15349: 15323: 15293: 15257: 15224: 15192: 15166: 15144: 15112: 15082: 15056: 15020: 14973: 14942: 14916: 14897: 14880: 14860:United Nations 14844: 14813: 14783: 14761: 14743: 14717: 14710: 14685: 14655: 14623: 14591: 14555: 14524: 14489: 14467: 14458:Albany Tribune 14444: 14414: 14384: 14367:The Daily News 14354: 14337:The Daily News 14324: 14302: 14266: 14241: 14206: 14187: 14163: 14130: 14107: 14083: 14047: 14018: 13986: 13954: 13936: 13914: 13896: 13871: 13845: 13819: 13801: 13770: 13740: 13725:. Al Jazeera. 13714: 13683: 13653: 13623: 13589: 13565: 13533: 13502: 13483: 13477:. p. 80. 13451: 13422: 13396: 13363: 13352:on 18 May 2014 13334: 13304: 13278: 13266: 13244: 13233:. My Sri Lanka 13222: 13196: 13162: 13126: 13101: 13079: 13065: 13043: 13013: 12995: 12988: 12966: 12955:on 31 May 2014 12936: 12887: 12876:on 16 May 2014 12861: 12831: 12807: 12768:(6): 534–545. 12748: 12707: 12685: 12662: 12632: 12610: 12587: 12545: 12515: 12496: 12478: 12461:mysrilanka.com 12448: 12422: 12390: 12358: 12332: 12302: 12272: 12241: 12211: 12204: 12184: 12152: 12122: 12115: 12097: 12071: 12045: 12008: 11989: 11969: 11951: 11933: 11903: 11873: 11843: 11813: 11783: 11753: 11723: 11693: 11649: 11619: 11589: 11559: 11529: 11500: 11474: 11441: 11409: 11378: 11346: 11314: 11281: 11250: 11224: 11194: 11168: 11125: 11106: 11079: 11060:(2): 285–304. 11044: 11014: 10992: 10962: 10932: 10902: 10869: 10832: 10796: 10777: 10753: 10732:Taraki Sivaram 10723: 10696: 10671: 10659: 10619: 10593: 10574: 10554: 10519: 10505: 10485: 10466: 10446: 10434: 10403: 10391: 10359: 10327: 10315: 10278: 10266: 10254: 10242: 10212: 10193: 10173: 10161: 10142: 10122: 10092: 10077: 10070: 10047: 10017: 9998: 9963: 9933: 9914: 9895: 9871: 9836: 9817: 9791: 9784: 9764: 9744: 9714: 9688: 9662: 9636: 9610: 9593:"Ming Voyages" 9584: 9554: 9528: 9509: 9494: 9485: 9466: 9447: 9423: 9404: 9380: 9364: 9348: 9326: 9298: 9276: 9258: 9239: 9216: 9178: 9139: 9117: 9097: 9067: 9024: 9001:Lambert, Tim. 8993: 8974: 8955: 8935: 8928: 8908: 8901: 8881: 8851: 8849:, p. 200. 8839: 8825: 8805: 8774: 8762: 8732: 8697: 8690: 8670: 8639: 8609: 8579: 8549: 8517: 8487: 8480: 8467:Ancient Ceylon 8456: 8449: 8429: 8398: 8389: 8374: 8356: 8323: 8292: 8285: 8257: 8255:, pp. 6–7 8245: 8216: 8184: 8153: 8122: 8111:on 31 May 2014 8092: 8060: 8041: 7998: 7972: 7946: 7919: 7912: 7906:. p. 51. 7890: 7883: 7863: 7844: 7824: 7817: 7797: 7790: 7770: 7737: 7715: 7685: 7662: 7655: 7633: 7607: 7597: 7577: 7570: 7548: 7516: 7480: 7465:. World Bank. 7454: 7413: 7377: 7344: 7327: 7289: 7263: 7233: 7203: 7171: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7110: 6948: 6944:Srī Laṅkā Tāyē 6934: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6898: 6895: 6865:Muhammad Lafir 6676:national sport 6654:Main article: 6651: 6648: 6590:Sandesha Kāvya 6578:Wilhelm Geiger 6486:Pantheru dance 6478:Naiyandi dance 6466:Kandyan dances 6368:Golu Hadawatha 6247: 6244: 6215:Esala Perahera 6168:string hoppers 6133: 6130: 6095: 6092: 5961: 5958: 5926:free education 5906:nanotechnology 5890:Main article: 5887: 5884: 5859:Main article: 5848: 5845: 5829:Lunar calendar 5780:Shafi'i school 5713:Mahinda Maurya 5690: 5680: 5670: 5660: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5639:Main article: 5636: 5633: 5595:Main article: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5516: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5246: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5164:Largest cities 5162: 5114:Main article: 5111: 5108: 5091: 5088: 5033:Main article: 5030: 5027: 4964:budget deficit 4838:Main article: 4835: 4832: 4806:United Nations 4763:Sri Lanka Navy 4759:Sri Lanka Army 4750: 4747: 4644:United Nations 4602:Main article: 4599: 4596: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4257: 4254: 4249: 4246: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4162: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4138: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4112: 4101: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4057: 4054: 4038:Main article: 4035: 4032: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3819: 3812: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3734: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3628: 3627: 3620:prime minister 3597: 3495: 3494: 3474: 3472: 3451: 3448: 3414:Minneriya Tank 3365:subspecies of 3268:Asian elephant 3231: 3228: 3188:Main article: 3185: 3182: 3136:. Sri Lanka's 3109:nautical miles 3107:extending 200 3097:Mahaweli River 3075:Pidurutalagala 3050:Gulf of Mannar 3018:tectonic plate 3012:, lies on the 2990:Main article: 2987: 2984: 2927:Sri Lanka Army 2758: 2757: 2752:Prime Minister 2746: 2739: 2738: 2728: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2678:, recognising 2597:Main article: 2594: 2591: 2409:British Ceylon 2407:the colony of 2401:British Empire 2329:Burgher people 2302:Jaffna kingdom 2223:Kandyan period 2221:Main article: 2218: 2215: 2112:Prince Sapumal 2104:Jaffna kingdom 1996: 1993: 1907:Buddhist monks 1793:Gautama Buddha 1762:Southeast Asia 1668:Pandya Kingdom 1569: 1566: 1445:Main article: 1442: 1439: 1434:Main article: 1431: 1428: 1242:Main article: 1239: 1236: 1228:United Nations 1161:British Ceylon 1157:British Empire 1099:, date to the 1041:. It shares a 1035:Gulf of Mannar 1015:island country 988: 981: 980: 979: 976: 975: 964: 961: 960: 958: 957: 952: 947: 941: 939: 933: 932: 927: 921: 920: 915: 909: 908: 905: 899: 898: 885: 881: 880: 870: 866: 865: 846: 836: 835: 826: 816: 815: 803: 800: 797: 796: 784: 781: 778: 777: 774: 764: 763: 758:$ 14,234 ( 751: 748: 745: 744: 732: 729: 726: 725: 722: 708: 707: 700: 698:• Density 697: 694: 693: 690: 687: 684: 683: 671: 668: 665: 664: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 647: 640: 637: 634: 633: 627: 626: 623: 622: 619: 611: 608: 607: 604: 598: 595: 594: 591: 585: 582: 581: 578: 572: 569: 568: 565: 562:Kandyan period 559: 556: 555: 552: 546: 543: 542: 539: 533: 530: 529: 526: 520: 517: 516: 513: 506: 503: 502: 499: 498: 492: 491: 486: 482: 481: 478: 477: 472: 466: 463: 462: 457: 451: 448: 447: 442: 439:Prime Minister 436: 433: 432: 427: 421: 418: 417: 414: 413: 407: 401: 400: 395: 389: 388: 358: 355: 351: 350: 348: 347: 324: 318: 312: 306: 299: 297: 294: 288: 287: 282: 278: 277: 275: 274: 269: 263: 261: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 244: 243: 206: 199: 197: 193: 192: 184: 183: 165: 143: 142: 135: 128: 127: 121: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 100: 93: 86: 85: 78: 68: 53: 37: 36: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 24022: 24011: 24008: 24006: 24003: 24001: 23998: 23996: 23993: 23991: 23988: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23978: 23976: 23973: 23971: 23968: 23966: 23963: 23961: 23958: 23956: 23953: 23951: 23948: 23946: 23943: 23942: 23940: 23933: 23930: 23887: 23884: 23882: 23879: 23877: 23874: 23872: 23869: 23867: 23864: 23862: 23859: 23857: 23854: 23852: 23849: 23847: 23844: 23842: 23839: 23837: 23834: 23832: 23829: 23827: 23824: 23822: 23819: 23817: 23814: 23812: 23809: 23807: 23804: 23803: 23801: 23797: 23791: 23788: 23786: 23783: 23781: 23778: 23776: 23773: 23771: 23768: 23766: 23763: 23761: 23758: 23756: 23753: 23751: 23748: 23746: 23743: 23741: 23738: 23736: 23733: 23731: 23728: 23726: 23723: 23721: 23718: 23717: 23715: 23711: 23707: 23700: 23695: 23693: 23688: 23686: 23681: 23680: 23677: 23663: 23660: 23658: 23655: 23654: 23653: 23650: 23648: 23645: 23643: 23640: 23638: 23635: 23633: 23632:Member states 23630: 23629: 23627: 23623: 23617: 23606: 23604: 23593: 23591: 23580: 23578: 23567: 23565: 23554: 23552: 23541: 23540: 23538: 23534: 23528: 23525: 23523: 23512: 23510: 23507: 23505: 23502: 23501: 23499: 23495: 23489: 23478: 23476: 23465: 23463: 23452: 23450: 23439: 23437: 23426: 23424: 23413: 23411: 23400: 23398: 23387: 23385: 23374: 23372: 23361: 23359: 23348: 23346: 23335: 23333: 23322: 23320: 23309: 23308: 23306: 23302: 23296: 23285: 23284: 23282: 23278: 23272: 23261: 23259: 23248: 23246: 23235: 23233: 23222: 23220: 23209: 23207: 23196: 23194: 23183: 23181: 23170: 23168: 23157: 23155: 23144: 23143: 23141: 23139: 23138:Member states 23135: 23129: 23126: 23124: 23121: 23119: 23116: 23114: 23113:Dushanbe 2014 23111: 23109: 23106: 23105: 23103: 23099: 23095: 23088: 23083: 23081: 23076: 23074: 23069: 23068: 23065: 23055: 23049: 23039: 23036: 23034: 23031: 23029: 23026: 23024: 23021: 23019: 23016: 23014: 23011: 23009: 23006: 23004: 23001: 22999: 22996: 22994: 22991: 22989: 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22974: 22973: 22969: 22967: 22964: 22962: 22959: 22957: 22954: 22953: 22951: 22949: 22945: 22939: 22936: 22934: 22933: 22929: 22928: 22926: 22924: 22920: 22914: 22911: 22909: 22906: 22904: 22901: 22899: 22896: 22894: 22891: 22889: 22888: 22884: 22882: 22879: 22878: 22876: 22874: 22870: 22867: 22865: 22861: 22855: 22852: 22850: 22847: 22846: 22844: 22842: 22838: 22832: 22829: 22827: 22824: 22822: 22819: 22817: 22814: 22812: 22809: 22807: 22804: 22802: 22799: 22797: 22794: 22792: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22747: 22744: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22734: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22724: 22722: 22719: 22717: 22714: 22712: 22709: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22672: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22654: 22652: 22649: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22634: 22632: 22629: 22627: 22624: 22622: 22619: 22617: 22614: 22612: 22609: 22607: 22604: 22602: 22599: 22597: 22594: 22592: 22589: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22562: 22559: 22557: 22554: 22553: 22551: 22547: 22543: 22539: 22535: 22528: 22523: 22521: 22516: 22514: 22509: 22508: 22505: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22478: 22475: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22465: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22454: 22452: 22448: 22442: 22439: 22437: 22434: 22432: 22429: 22427: 22424: 22422: 22419: 22417: 22414: 22412: 22409: 22408: 22406: 22402: 22396: 22393: 22391: 22388: 22387: 22385: 22381: 22375: 22374:United States 22372: 22370: 22367: 22365: 22362: 22360: 22357: 22355: 22352: 22350: 22347: 22345: 22342: 22340: 22337: 22335: 22332: 22331: 22329: 22325: 22319: 22316: 22314: 22311: 22309: 22306: 22304: 22301: 22299: 22296: 22294: 22291: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22281: 22280: 22278: 22274: 22268: 22265: 22262: 22260: 22257: 22255: 22252: 22250: 22247: 22245: 22242: 22240: 22237: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22225: 22222: 22220: 22217: 22215: 22212: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22190: 22187: 22185: 22182: 22180: 22177: 22175: 22172: 22171: 22169: 22165: 22161: 22157: 22153: 22148: 22141: 22136: 22134: 22129: 22127: 22122: 22121: 22118: 22106: 22103: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22089: 22086: 22085: 22084: 22083: 22079: 22078: 22076: 22072: 22066: 22063: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22051: 22048: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22038: 22036: 22033: 22031: 22028: 22026: 22023: 22021: 22018: 22016: 22013: 22011: 22008: 22006: 22003: 22001: 21998: 21996: 21993: 21991: 21988: 21986: 21983: 21981: 21978: 21976: 21973: 21971: 21968: 21963: 21962: 21958: 21953: 21952: 21948: 21946: 21942: 21938: 21936: 21933: 21931: 21928: 21927: 21925: 21921: 21916: 21906: 21903: 21901: 21898: 21896: 21893: 21891: 21890: 21886: 21884: 21881: 21879: 21876: 21874: 21871: 21869: 21866: 21864: 21861: 21859: 21856: 21852: 21851: 21847: 21845: 21844: 21840: 21839: 21838: 21835: 21833: 21830: 21828: 21825: 21823: 21820: 21818: 21815: 21814: 21812: 21808: 21804: 21796: 21791: 21789: 21784: 21782: 21777: 21776: 21773: 21761: 21758: 21756: 21753: 21751: 21748: 21746: 21743: 21741: 21738: 21737: 21735: 21733: 21729: 21723: 21720: 21718: 21715: 21713: 21710: 21709: 21707: 21703: 21697: 21694: 21692: 21689: 21688: 21686: 21684: 21680: 21672: 21669: 21668: 21667: 21664: 21662: 21659: 21657: 21654: 21652: 21649: 21647: 21644: 21643: 21641: 21639: 21635: 21627: 21624: 21622: 21619: 21617: 21614: 21613: 21612: 21609: 21607: 21604: 21600: 21597: 21595: 21592: 21590: 21587: 21585: 21582: 21581: 21580: 21577: 21576: 21574: 21572: 21568: 21562: 21559: 21557: 21554: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21542: 21539: 21537: 21534: 21532: 21529: 21527: 21524: 21520: 21517: 21516: 21515: 21512: 21511: 21509: 21507: 21503: 21497: 21494: 21492: 21489: 21485: 21482: 21480: 21477: 21475: 21472: 21471: 21470: 21467: 21465: 21462: 21461: 21459: 21457: 21453: 21449: 21443: 21440: 21438: 21435: 21434: 21432: 21430: 21426: 21420: 21417: 21415: 21412: 21410: 21407: 21405: 21402: 21400: 21397: 21395: 21392: 21390: 21387: 21385: 21382: 21380: 21377: 21375: 21372: 21370: 21367: 21365: 21362: 21360: 21359:Architecture‎ 21357: 21356: 21354: 21352: 21348: 21342: 21339: 21335: 21332: 21330: 21327: 21325: 21322: 21320: 21317: 21316: 21315:Other groups 21314: 21312: 21309: 21307: 21306:Tibeto-Burman 21304: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21289: 21287: 21284: 21282: 21279: 21277: 21276:Austroasiatic 21274: 21272: 21269: 21268: 21266: 21264: 21263:Ethnic groups 21260: 21255: 21245: 21242: 21238: 21235: 21233: 21230: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21219: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21206: 21203: 21202: 21201: 21198: 21196: 21193: 21191: 21188: 21184: 21181: 21179: 21176: 21174: 21171: 21167: 21164: 21163: 21162: 21159: 21158: 21157: 21154: 21152: 21149: 21147: 21144: 21142: 21139: 21138: 21136: 21134: 21130: 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19536: 19534: 19531: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19519: 19516: 19514: 19511: 19509: 19508: 19507:Supreme Court 19504: 19503: 19501: 19499: 19495: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19470: 19467: 19463: 19460: 19459: 19458: 19457: 19453: 19452: 19450: 19446: 19440: 19437: 19435: 19432: 19431: 19429: 19427: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19414: 19404: 19401: 19399: 19396: 19394: 19391: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19370: 19368: 19364: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19337:Uva Rebellion 19335: 19333: 19330: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19310: 19308: 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19249: 19247: 19243: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19198: 19196: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19183: 19175: 19172: 19171: 19170: 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17743: 17739: 17738: 17737:Asian Tribune 17733: 17727: 17719: 17713: 17709: 17705: 17701: 17700: 17692: 17684: 17678: 17674: 17673: 17665: 17657: 17650: 17642: 17636: 17632: 17631: 17623: 17615: 17609: 17605: 17604: 17596: 17589: 17584: 17577: 17572: 17564: 17558: 17542: 17536: 17529: 17524: 17508: 17504: 17498: 17482: 17478: 17472: 17457: 17456:The Economist 17453: 17446: 17439: 17424: 17417: 17406: 17400: 17384: 17380: 17374: 17359:. 28 May 2009 17358: 17354: 17348: 17340: 17333: 17327: 17319: 17315: 17311: 17305: 17289: 17285: 17278: 17262: 17258: 17254: 17248: 17232: 17228: 17227:Sunday Leader 17224: 17217: 17201: 17200:The Economist 17197: 17191: 17175: 17171: 17170:Sunday Leader 17167: 17160: 17149: 17143: 17135: 17129: 17110: 17106: 17099: 17093: 17091: 17074: 17070: 17066: 17060: 17045: 17039: 17035: 17031: 17027: 17026: 17018: 17010: 17006: 17002: 16996: 16985: 16981: 16974: 16968: 16960: 16953: 16947: 16931: 16927: 16921: 16913: 16909: 16903: 16895: 16889: 16873: 16867: 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14947: 14930: 14926: 14920: 14912: 14908: 14901: 14890: 14884: 14865: 14861: 14854: 14848: 14832: 14828: 14824: 14817: 14801: 14797: 14793: 14787: 14779: 14775: 14771: 14765: 14757: 14753: 14747: 14731: 14727: 14721: 14713: 14707: 14703: 14699: 14695: 14689: 14673: 14669: 14665: 14659: 14643: 14639: 14638: 14637:Asian Tribune 14633: 14627: 14611: 14607: 14606: 14605:Asian Tribune 14601: 14595: 14576: 14573:. p. 6. 14572: 14565: 14559: 14543: 14539: 14535: 14528: 14520: 14516: 14512: 14508: 14504: 14500: 14493: 14485: 14481: 14477: 14471: 14463: 14459: 14455: 14448: 14432: 14428: 14424: 14418: 14402: 14398: 14394: 14388: 14372: 14368: 14364: 14358: 14342: 14338: 14334: 14328: 14320: 14316: 14312: 14306: 14287: 14283: 14276: 14270: 14262: 14258: 14257: 14252: 14245: 14229: 14225: 14224: 14219: 14213: 14211: 14194: 14190: 14184: 14180: 14176: 14175: 14167: 14159: 14153: 14137: 14133: 14127: 14123: 14122: 14117: 14111: 14100: 14093: 14087: 14068: 14064: 14057: 14051: 14035: 14028: 14022: 14003: 13996: 13990: 13982: 13976: 13968: 13964: 13958: 13950: 13946: 13940: 13932: 13928: 13924: 13918: 13910: 13906: 13900: 13892: 13888: 13884: 13878: 13876: 13859: 13855: 13849: 13833: 13829: 13823: 13815: 13811: 13805: 13789: 13785: 13781: 13774: 13758: 13754: 13750: 13744: 13728: 13724: 13718: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13687: 13671: 13667: 13666:The Economist 13663: 13657: 13641: 13637: 13633: 13627: 13611: 13607: 13603: 13599: 13593: 13582: 13575: 13569: 13553: 13549: 13548: 13547:Asian Tribune 13543: 13537: 13521: 13517: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13490: 13486: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13468: 13467: 13462: 13461:Tisdell, Clem 13455: 13439: 13435: 13434: 13426: 13410: 13406: 13400: 13384: 13380: 13376: 13370: 13368: 13351: 13347: 13341: 13339: 13322: 13318: 13314: 13308: 13292: 13288: 13282: 13275: 13270: 13254: 13248: 13232: 13226: 13210: 13206: 13200: 13184: 13180: 13176: 13172: 13166: 13147: 13143: 13136: 13130: 13122: 13118: 13114: 13108: 13106: 13097: 13093: 13089: 13083: 13075: 13069: 13061: 13057: 13053: 13047: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13017: 13009: 13005: 12999: 12991: 12985: 12981: 12977: 12970: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12940: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12899: 12891: 12875: 12871: 12865: 12849: 12845: 12841: 12835: 12824: 12817: 12811: 12803: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12752: 12744: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12718: 12711: 12692: 12688: 12682: 12675: 12674: 12666: 12650: 12646: 12642: 12636: 12617: 12613: 12611:2-8317-0643-2 12607: 12600: 12599: 12591: 12572: 12568: 12564: 12557: 12549: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12519: 12512: 12508: 12505: 12500: 12492: 12488: 12482: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12452: 12436: 12432: 12426: 12407: 12400: 12394: 12378: 12374: 12373: 12368: 12362: 12346: 12342: 12336: 12320: 12316: 12312: 12306: 12290: 12286: 12282: 12276: 12265: 12261: 12254: 12248: 12246: 12229: 12225: 12224:Lonely Planet 12221: 12215: 12207: 12201: 12197: 12196: 12188: 12172: 12168: 12167: 12162: 12156: 12140: 12136: 12132: 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June 2023. 11917: 11913: 11907: 11891: 11887: 11886:indiatoday.in 11883: 11877: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11847: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11817: 11801: 11797: 11793: 11787: 11771: 11767: 11763: 11757: 11741: 11737: 11733: 11727: 11711: 11707: 11703: 11697: 11689: 11683: 11667: 11663: 11659: 11653: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11623: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11593: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11563: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11533: 11517: 11513: 11510: 11504: 11488: 11484: 11478: 11462: 11458: 11457: 11452: 11449:Olsen, Erik. 11445: 11429: 11425: 11424: 11423:ABC Australia 11419: 11413: 11397: 11393: 11389: 11382: 11366: 11362: 11361: 11356: 11350: 11334: 11330: 11329: 11324: 11318: 11302: 11298: 11297: 11292: 11285: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11254: 11238: 11234: 11228: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11198: 11182: 11178: 11172: 11164: 11158: 11142: 11138: 11132: 11130: 11113: 11109: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11094: 11089: 11083: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11055: 11048: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11018: 11010: 11006: 11005:Express India 11002: 10996: 10980: 10976: 10972: 10966: 10950: 10946: 10942: 10936: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10906: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10876: 10874: 10865: 10859: 10843: 10836: 10817: 10810: 10806: 10800: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10765: 10757: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10727: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10700: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10668: 10663: 10655: 10649: 10633: 10629: 10623: 10607: 10603: 10597: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10567: 10566: 10558: 10542: 10538: 10534: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10508: 10502: 10498: 10497: 10489: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10459: 10458: 10450: 10444:, p. 123 10443: 10438: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10407: 10400: 10395: 10379: 10375: 10374: 10369: 10363: 10347: 10343: 10342: 10337: 10331: 10325:, p. 423 10324: 10323:De Silva 1981 10319: 10303: 10299: 10295: 10291: 10285: 10283: 10275: 10274:De Silva 1981 10270: 10264:, p. 386 10263: 10262:De Silva 1981 10258: 10252:, p. 387 10251: 10250:De Silva 1981 10246: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10216: 10200: 10196: 10190: 10186: 10185: 10177: 10170: 10165: 10149: 10145: 10139: 10135: 10134: 10126: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10096: 10090:, p. 115 10089: 10084: 10082: 10073: 10067: 10063: 10062: 10054: 10052: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10021: 10015: 10011: 10008: 10002: 9986: 9982: 9978: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9937: 9931: 9927: 9924: 9918: 9902: 9898: 9892: 9888: 9884: 9883: 9875: 9859: 9855: 9851: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9824: 9820: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9795: 9787: 9781: 9777: 9776: 9768: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9748: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9718: 9702: 9698: 9692: 9676: 9672: 9666: 9650: 9646: 9640: 9624: 9620: 9614: 9598: 9594: 9588: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9558: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9525: 9521: 9518: 9513: 9505: 9498: 9489: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9470: 9454: 9450: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9435: 9427: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9392: 9384: 9377: 9374:Indrapala, K 9371: 9369: 9361: 9358:Nadarajan, V 9355: 9353: 9345: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9310: 9302: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9280: 9272: 9268: 9262: 9246: 9242: 9236: 9232: 9231: 9223: 9221: 9213: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9182: 9175: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9150: 9143: 9136: 9124: 9120: 9114: 9110: 9109: 9101: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9028: 9012: 9008: 9004: 8997: 8991: 8987: 8984: 8978: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8948: 8947: 8939: 8931: 8925: 8921: 8920: 8912: 8904: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8885: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8855: 8848: 8843: 8828: 8826:9780198542575 8822: 8818: 8817: 8809: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8778: 8771: 8766: 8750: 8746: 8745:buddhanet.net 8742: 8736: 8720: 8716: 8715: 8710: 8704: 8702: 8693: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8674: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8647:Perera H. R. 8643: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8583: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8553: 8537: 8533: 8532: 8527: 8521: 8505: 8501: 8500:The Mahavamsa 8497: 8491: 8483: 8477: 8474:. p. 7. 8473: 8469: 8468: 8460: 8452: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8433: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8402: 8393: 8385: 8378: 8370: 8363: 8361: 8344: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8327: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8296: 8288: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8269: 8261: 8254: 8253:De Silva 1981 8249: 8241: 8235: 8227: 8220: 8204: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8188: 8172: 8168: 8164: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8126: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8096: 8077: 8070: 8064: 8056: 8052: 8045: 8037: 8031: 8015: 8014: 8009: 8002: 7986: 7982: 7976: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7934: 7930: 7923: 7915: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7894: 7886: 7880: 7877:. Routledge. 7876: 7875: 7867: 7851: 7847: 7841: 7838:. Routledge. 7837: 7836: 7828: 7820: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7801: 7793: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7774: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7748: 7741: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7719: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7658: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7637: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7604: 7600: 7594: 7590: 7589: 7581: 7573: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7552: 7536: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7520: 7501: 7497: 7490: 7484: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7398: 7394: 7387: 7381: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7312: 7308: 7307: 7299: 7293: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7207: 7191: 7187: 7186: 7181: 7175: 7159: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7139: 7120: 7114: 7106: 7097: 7085: 7080: 7071: 7059: 7051: 7044: 7017: 7009: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6939: 6935: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6912: 6901: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6837:Olympic Games 6833: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6768:, and of the 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6541:Muudu Puththu 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6511:company from 6510: 6509:Parsi theatre 6505: 6503: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6460: 6455: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6312:Ranmuthu Duwa 6308: 6307:S. M. Nayagam 6304: 6300: 6299: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6278:Kandyan dress 6274: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6148: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6100: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6073:land grabbing 6069: 6066: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6050: 6048: 6045:criminalises 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5990: 5985: 5984:Edward Harper 5981: 5977: 5971: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5920: 5915: 5914:literacy rate 5907: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5853: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5687: 5677: 5667: 5657: 5649: 5642: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5598: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5546: 5545:North Central 5543: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5472:Boralesgamuwa 5470: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5170: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5122: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5099: 5097: 5096:Vandana Shiva 5087: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5016: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4905:welfare state 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4864: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4841: 4831: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4723:Kachchatheevu 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4628:Ronald Reagan 4625: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4354:North Western 4352: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4327:North Central 4325: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4258: 4255: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4160: 4155: 4148: 4141: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4119:North Western 4115: 4110: 4109: 4099: 4094: 4093: 4085: 4084: 4082:Bay of Bengal 4071: 4069: 4064: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3813: 3811: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3669: 3668:chief justice 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3644:Supreme Court 3641: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3588:from elected 3587: 3584:and appoints 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3570:head of state 3567: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3528:unitary state 3525: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3491: 3482: 3478: 3475:This section 3473: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3275:Western Ghats 3269: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3224: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3196: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026:Bay of Bengal 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 2998: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2874:launched its 2873: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2749: 2743: 2731: 2725: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2688:Federal Party 2684: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2626: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2448:Uva Rebellion 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2280:, the son of 2279: 2275: 2268: 2265:cartographer 2264: 2259: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2073:Kalinga Magha 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2021:, Pihiti and 2020: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1966:Chola emperor 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1919:dhammabhāṇaka 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1689:, 5th century 1688: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1619:(present-day 1618: 1617:Vanga Kingdom 1614: 1613:Prince Vijaya 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1565: 1563: 1560:stepbrother, 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1500:Balangoda Man 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484:Batadombalena 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1437: 1427: 1424: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1364:Siṃhaladvīpaḥ 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1332: 1331:Ancient Greek 1328: 1327: 1322: 1321:Ancient Greek 1318: 1316: 1315:three crowned 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1256:Prince Vijaya 1253: 1252: 1245: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1179:defeated the 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070:Indian Tamils 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027:Bay of Bengal 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 996: 992: 989:You may need 972: 967: 962: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 942: 940: 938: 934: 931: 928: 926: 925:ISO 3166 code 922: 919: 916: 914: 910: 906: 904: 900: 896: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 871: 867: 863: 847: 841: 837: 827: 821: 817: 813: 810:$ 3,293 ( 804: 798: 794: 785: 779: 775: 769: 765: 761: 752: 746: 742: 733: 727: 723: 719: 713: 709: 705: 701: 695: 691: 685: 681: 672: 666: 663: 659: 655: 649: 645: 641: 635: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 609: 605: 602: 596: 592: 589: 583: 579: 576: 570: 566: 563: 557: 553: 550: 544: 540: 537: 531: 527: 524: 518: 514: 510: 504: 500: 497: 493: 490: 487: 483: 479: 476: 473: 470: 469:Chief Justice 464: 461: 458: 455: 449: 446: 443: 440: 434: 431: 428: 425: 419: 415: 412: 408: 406: 402: 399: 396: 394: 390: 385: 380: 375: 368: 364: 359: 352: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 323: 322:Indian Tamils 319: 317: 313: 311: 307: 305: 301: 300: 298: 293: 289: 286: 283: 279: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 262: 258: 255: 252: 248: 240: 236:6.933; 79.867 210: 207: 205:(legislative) 204: 201: 200: 198: 194: 190: 185: 152: 148: 144: 138: 132: 124: 118: 110: 98: 94: 91: 87: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 65: 54: 50: 39: 38: 29: 26: 22: 23902: 23875: 23522:Turkmenistan 23461: 23449:Saudi Arabia 23108:Beijing 2012 22970: 22930: 22885: 22849:Cook Islands 22785: 22781:South Africa 22766:Sierra Leone 22390:South Africa 22317: 22266: 22249:Thimphu 2010 22244:Colombo 2008 22219:Colombo 1998 22199:Colombo 1991 22080: 22044: 22035:Saudi Arabia 21959: 21949: 21939: 21895:South Africa 21887: 21848: 21841: 21803:Indian Ocean 21661:Martial arts 21551:Colonial era 21546:Early modern 21496:Caste system 21281:Austronesian 21222:Northwestern 21211: 21080: 21068: 20983:Kastellorizo 20862:Turkmenistan 20836: 20827:Saudi Arabia 20575:Colombo Plan 20473: 20371:LGBT history 20356:Human rights 20228:Architecture 20205:Social class 20139:Demographics 20032:Unemployment 19970:Central Bank 19754:Capital city 19640:Armed Forces 19553: 19505: 19471: / 19454: 19434:Constitution 19332:Kandyan Wars 19322:Dutch Ceylon 19267:Anuradhapura 19159:Bibliography 19133: 18961: 18933: 18808: 18797:15 September 18795:. 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In 1973, 6810:Jayawardene 6782:off-spinner 6688:Rugby union 6643:Madol Doova 6606:Kavsilumina 6515:introduced 6494:Geta Béraya 6444:Baila music 6348:Gamperaliya 6228:Thai Pongal 5841:Gallup poll 5810:Zoroastrian 5745:Palk Strait 5574:Trincomalee 5080:Trincomalee 4909:free market 4727:Palk Strait 4721:. In 1974, 4703:Che Guevara 4305:Trincomalee 4091:Palk Strait 3988:In 2022, a 3840:progressive 3836:centre-left 3648:British law 3600:Legislative 3507:, near the 3116:coral reefs 3054:Palk Strait 2835:country to 2833:South Asian 2658:Trincomalee 2474:rule of law 2466:utilitarian 2395:During the 2336:Tooth Relic 2143:Tambralinga 2100:Dambadeniya 2038:Polonnaruwa 1989:Polonnaruwa 1832:Kavan Tissa 1812:South India 1781:Sanghamitta 1745:arrived in 1550:Vishvakarma 1504:agriculture 1469:Pahiyangala 1465:Paleolithic 1357:serendipity 1274:, the term 1039:Palk Strait 853: 0.780 606:22 May 1972 485:Legislature 234: / 23939:Categories 23564:Bangladesh 23536:Applicants 23332:Azerbaijan 23271:Uzbekistan 23258:Tajikistan 23219:Kyrgyzstan 23206:Kazakhstan 23018:Montserrat 22761:Seychelles 22701:Mozambique 22571:Bangladesh 22487:SAARC Road 22288:Bangladesh 22234:Dhaka 2005 22204:Dhaka 1993 22174:Dhaka 1985 22155:Agreements 22082:Antarctica 21935:Bangladesh 21889:Somaliland 21878:Seychelles 21873:Mozambique 21863:Madagascar 21616:Bangladesh 21526:Bronze Age 21409:Philosophy 21394:Literature 21291:Indo-Aryan 21271:Andamanese 21146:Bangladesh 20872:Uzbekistan 20847:Tajikistan 20762:Kyrgyzstan 20742:Kazakhstan 20692:East Timor 20662:Bangladesh 20652:Azerbaijan 20493:South Asia 20346:Disability 20315:Television 20283:Philosophy 20268:Literature 20188:Mass media 19937:Waterfalls 19848:Ecoregions 19697:Devolution 19555:Parliament 19473:Ministries 19417:Government 19373:Chronicles 19262:Tambapanni 19201:Prehistory 18838:Government 18020:The Island 17748:21 January 17588:Nubin 2002 17576:Nubin 2002 17481:GlobalPost 17294:21 October 17267:4 December 17049:29 October 16936:28 October 16597:The Island 16248:13 October 16089:10 October 16057:1 February 16018:18 January 15681:World Bank 15657:19 January 15585:Al Jazeera 15438:14 January 15405:14 January 15369:14 January 15075:14 October 14700:. London: 14678:23 January 14505:(2): 343. 14282:The Island 14177:. London: 13379:Daily News 13317:Daily News 13274:Nubin 2002 12908:(8): 836. 12762:BioScience 12135:Rediff.com 12001:16 January 11434:17 October 11394:. London. 11266:. London. 11141:Asia Times 10925:20 October 10825:17 October 10667:Nubin 2002 10442:Nubin 2002 10417:The Island 10399:Nubin 2002 10169:Nubin 2002 10088:Nubin 2002 9956:17 October 9671:"Zheng He" 9314:Peradeniya 8572:27 January 8510:16 October 8085:24 October 8013:Asia Times 7939:17 October 7447:11 October 7320:24 October 7256:23 January 7129:References 6861:200 metres 6847:for men's 6806:Jayasuriya 6802:Sangakkara 6789:test match 6680:volleyball 6674:While the 6630:Pujāvaliya 6582:Atthakatha 6560:Pāli Canon 6404:Thammátama 6373:Cold Heart 6295:The movie 6200:Bolo fiado 6061:conflict. 6039:war crimes 5978:(formerly 5801:and other 5761:philosophy 5725:Pāli Canon 5721:the Buddha 5717:Bodhi Tree 5438:Katunayake 5320:Maharagama 5302:Batticaloa 5134:death rate 5130:birth rate 5084:Hambantota 4944:Ceylon tea 4896:Ceylon tea 4844:See also: 4785:, and the 4765:, and the 4666:, and the 4656:World Bank 4618:President 4608:See also: 4530:20,359,439 4359:Kurunegala 3957:President 3855:capitalist 3851:right-wing 3793:Volleyball 3608:unicameral 3548:referendum 3540:parliament 3521:democratic 3429:zeylanicum 3363:endangered 3288:33 species 3264:subspecies 3244:See also: 3123:seagrasses 3084:A view of 3042:82° E 3034:10° N 3016:, a major 3006:South Asia 2892:Presidency 2853:race riots 2837:liberalise 2692:satyagraha 2603:See also: 2497:rajakariya 2419:, faced a 2354:-speaking 2298:Portuguese 2274:Portuguese 2227:See also: 2147:Sri Vijaya 2048:influence. 2034:Gal Vihara 1977:Rajendra I 1969:Rajaraja I 1911:Pāli Canon 1828:Dutugamunu 1797:Bodhivamsa 1789:Bodhi Tree 1711:structures 1653:Rājāvaliya 1532:speakers. 1475:traveller 1457:Mesolithic 1441:Prehistory 1349:Tambapanni 1317:Cholas"). 1264:copper-red 1260:Tambapaṇṇĩ 1212:government 1133:Portuguese 1097:Pali Canon 1019:South Asia 995:Indic text 692:20,277,600 662:Population 489:Parliament 405:Government 398:Sri Lankan 393:Demonym(s) 159:(English: 23945:Sri Lanka 23881:Venezuela 23876:Sri Lanka 23836:Indonesia 23811:Argentina 23462:Sri Lanka 22998:Gibraltar 22873:Australia 22786:Sri Lanka 22771:Singapore 22696:Mauritius 22561:Australia 22549:(members) 22359:Mauritius 22334:Australia 22327:Observers 22318:Sri Lanka 22254:Addu 2011 22214:Malé 1997 22194:Malé 1990 22105:Australia 22045:Sri Lanka 22040:Singapore 21975:Indonesia 21868:Mauritius 21683:Education 21404:Mythology 21389:Languages 21301:Nuristani 21286:Dravidian 21212:Sri Lanka 21178:Northeast 21166:Northwest 21036:Hong Kong 20955:Australia 20944:Dependent 20923:Palestine 20837:Sri Lanka 20832:Singapore 20712:Indonesia 20474:Sri Lanka 20386:Terrorism 20308:Cheena di 20303:Angampora 20166:Languages 20156:Education 20027:Transport 19982:Companies 19868:Mountains 19819:Districts 19814:Provinces 19801:Geography 19764:Elections 19645:Air Force 19498:Judiciary 19456:President 19448:Executive 19393:Education 19357:Civil War 19252:Mahāvaṃsa 19142:Overviews 19134:Sri Lanka 19063:Sri Lanka 19024:Mahavamsa 18987:Sri Lanka 18979:from the 18968:Sri Lanka 18958:Sri Lanka 18930:Sri Lanka 18200:. London. 17884:Sri Lanka 17771:Cambridge 16736:142788627 16284:6 January 16047:0307-1235 16008:0307-1235 15555:Bloomberg 15286:18 August 14702:Routledge 14519:154512767 14152:cite book 13558:23 August 13297:23 August 13259:25 August 13237:25 August 12784:0006-3568 12195:Sri Lanka 11926:6 October 11916:The Hindu 11826:Hiru News 11632:France 24 11572:Hiru News 11274:18 August 10895:20 August 10746:20 August 9707:22 August 9396:New Delhi 9154:Cambridge 9054:1423-0526 8714:Mahavamsa 8562:Mahavamsa 8337:Frontline 8234:cite book 8198:Angelfire 7991:15 August 7965:15 August 7781:Sri Lanka 7708:14 August 7370:8 October 7180:"Colombo" 7134:Citations 7070:Śrī Laṅkā 6873:Cue sport 6750:Australia 6712:Angampora 6708:Cheena di 6622:Amāvatura 6573:Mahāvaṃsa 6529:Sinhabāhu 6490:18 Vannam 6474:Ves dance 6358:Nidhanaya 6355:, 1964), 6345:, 1956), 6326:Bollywood 6220:Christmas 6184:Jackfruit 5956:in 2023. 5946:pirivenas 5886:Education 5734:Although 5709:Theravada 5591:Languages 5506:Kolonnawa 5138:Sinhalese 5062:operator 5029:Transport 4974:The 2011 4515:Sri Lanka 4501:5,851,130 4474:1,266,463 4447:2,477,285 4420:1,928,655 4413:Ratnapura 4393:1,061,315 4366:2,380,861 4339:1,266,663 4312:1,555,510 4285:2,571,557 4056:Provinces 4050:districts 4046:provinces 4028:elections 3994:President 3961:lost the 3894:July 1960 3738:Butterfly 3710:Lion Flag 3586:ministers 3562:Executive 3488:July 2022 3437:found in 3398:Sinharaja 3328:satinwood 3178:petroleum 3130:estuaries 3120:estuarine 3090:Maskeliya 3066:sea level 2986:Geography 2375:concubine 2340:Sinhalese 2319:with the 2249:explorer 2191:languages 2163:Sumatrans 1973:Mahinda V 1895:Theravada 1866:as well. 1804:Suratissa 1778:bhikkhuni 1774:Tripiṭaka 1747:Mihintale 1664:Mahavamsa 1648:Cūḷavaṃsa 1643:Mahāvaṃsa 1638:Dipavamsa 1596:Mahāvamsa 1461:Iron Ages 1389:Śrī Laṅkā 1382:in 1948. 1344:Ταπροβανῆ 1339:Taprobanē 1335:Ταπροβανᾶ 1326:Taprobanā 1251:Mahāvaṃsa 1208:president 1113:Silk Road 1107:, or the 1045:with the 1003:Sri Lanka 903:Drives on 884:Time zone 772:(nominal) 580:1815–1948 567:1592–1815 554:1232–1592 541:1017–1232 496:Formation 424:President 354:Religion 304:Sinhalese 34:Sri Lanka 23921:7°N 81°E 23886:Zimbabwe 23856:Malaysia 23625:See also 23397:Maldives 23358:Cambodia 23295:Mongolia 23232:Pakistan 23052:Source: 23003:Guernsey 22961:Anguilla 22791:Tanzania 22726:Pakistan 22686:Maldives 22681:Malaysia 22666:Kiribati 22611:Dominica 22596:Cameroon 22586:Botswana 22576:Barbados 22313:Pakistan 22303:Maldives 22050:Thailand 22025:Pakistan 22010:Maldives 22005:Malaysia 21905:Tanzania 21822:Djibouti 21705:Military 21626:Pakistan 21589:Hinduism 21584:Buddhism 21571:Religion 21541:Medieval 21531:Iron Age 21456:Politics 21419:Surnames 21341:Diaspora 21237:Southern 21227:Northern 21200:Pakistan 21190:Maldives 21070:Category 20913:Abkhazia 20852:Thailand 20807:Pakistan 20787:Mongolia 20782:Maldives 20777:Malaysia 20677:Cambodia 20408:Category 20263:Folklore 20200:Religion 20082:Graphite 20057:Cinnamon 20017:Taxation 19942:Wildlife 19915:Malvathu 19910:Mahaweli 19791:Scandals 19746:Politics 19398:Military 19388:Economic 19378:Monarchs 19307:Sitawaka 19164:Timeline 18981:BBC News 18885:Archived 18868:Archived 18418:4 August 18169:Archived 17917:Archived 17704:New York 17507:BBC News 17357:Le Monde 17028:. WIPO. 16888:cite web 16665:10 March 16525:Mongabay 16408:Archived 16143:Archived 16113:Archived 16051:Archived 16012:Archived 15971:Archived 15941:Archived 15911:Archived 15881:Archived 15855:Archived 15821:Archived 15788:Archived 15675:Archived 15651:Archived 15615:Archived 15589:Archived 15559:Archived 15528:Archived 15524:BBC News 15501:5 August 15471:5 August 15465:Archived 15432:Archived 15399:Archived 15363:Archived 15361:. CNBC. 15336:Archived 15310:Archived 15277:Archived 15241:Archived 15208:Archived 15131:Archived 15099:Archived 15069:Archived 15007:Archived 14960:Archived 14873:29 April 14864:Archived 14831:Archived 14827:BBC News 14800:Archived 14796:BBC News 14730:Archived 14672:Archived 14642:Archived 14610:Archived 14575:Archived 14542:Archived 14484:Archived 14371:Archived 14341:Archived 14319:Archived 14228:Archived 14193:Archived 14136:Archived 14118:(2004). 14067:Archived 14011:26 March 13975:cite web 13788:Archived 13763:10 April 13757:Archived 13727:Archived 13701:Archived 13670:Archived 13640:Archived 13616:29 April 13610:Archived 13552:Archived 13520:Archived 13489:Archived 13471:New York 13463:(2000). 13438:Archived 13409:Archived 13383:Archived 13321:Archived 13209:Archived 13183:Archived 12920:Archived 12848:Archived 12802:28608869 12743:58915438 12691:Archived 12616:Archived 12571:Archived 12507:Archived 12465:Archived 12435:Archived 12345:Archived 12289:Archived 12228:Archived 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1875:Sigiriya 1858:(modern 1741:Emperor 1727:Buddhism 1713:such as 1558:rakshasa 1540:Ramayana 1488:Belilena 1361:Sanskrit 1359:") from 1353:Sarandīb 1268:red soil 1238:Toponymy 1230:and the 1222:and the 1210:and the 1169:republic 1165:dominion 1147:and the 1074:Burghers 1047:Maldives 1037:and the 1013:, is an 869:Currency 601:Republic 409:Unitary 374:Hinduism 367:official 363:Buddhism 328:Burghers 23871:Senegal 23866:Nigeria 23846:Jamaica 23806:Algeria 23799:Members 23713:Summits 23662:Russian 23657:Chinese 23551:Algeria 23410:Myanmar 23345:Bahrain 23319:Armenia 23154:Belarus 23101:Summits 22966:Bermuda 22938:Tokelau 22826:Vanuatu 22721:Nigeria 22706:Namibia 22671:Lesotho 22656:Jamaica 22641:Grenada 22566:Bahamas 22536:of the 22534:Members 22364:Myanmar 22276:Members 22167:Summits 22149:(SAARC) 22015:Myanmar 21930:Bahrain 21883:Somalia 21850:Réunion 21843:Mayotte 21832:Eritrea 21817:Comoros 21750:History 21696:History 21646:Cricket 21599:Sikhism 21594:Jainism 21579:Dharmic 21506:History 21452:Economy 21437:Monsoon 21414:Scripts 21384:Fashion 21374:Cuisine 21351:Culture 21334:Semitic 21324:Chinese 21232:Eastern 21183:Islands 20877:Vietnam 20792:Myanmar 20772:Lebanon 20702:Georgia 20657:Bahrain 20647:Armenia 20381:Poverty 20320:Theatre 20253:Fashion 20243:Cuisine 20220:Culture 20171:Sinhala 20119:Society 20107:Tourism 20067:Coconut 20047:Apparel 20037:Welfare 19965:Banking 19952:Economy 19863:Islands 19774:Parties 19620:Members 19573:Speaker 19469:Cabinet 19292:Gampola 19194:Periods 19186:History 19154:Outline 19036:, 1861. 19032:by Sir 19018:History 18989:in the 18915:of the 18891:of the 18874:of the 18852:of the 18734:Dædalus 18698:2154168 18567:21 July 18543:Prepare 17547:29 July 17389:8 April 16728:3445068 16708:Bibcode 16633:15 July 16333:15 July 16222:20 July 16119:15 July 15937:AGDAILY 15728:15 July 15702:15 July 15342:5 April 15250:15 July 15217:15 July 15049:15 July 14966:15 July 14935:15 July 14648:15 July 14616:15 July 14584:15 July 14437:15 July 14427:cope.nu 14407:15 July 14397:Pact.lk 14377:27 July 14347:27 July 14234:15 July 14199:24 July 14142:24 July 13864:15 July 13838:15 July 13784:Reuters 13733:3 March 13707:3 March 13676:3 March 13526:15 July 13495:20 June 13444:20 June 13389:27 July 13356:15 July 13327:27 July 13215:15 July 13189:15 July 13155:15 July 13036:15 July 12959:15 July 12902:Forests 12880:15 July 12793:5451287 12655:15 July 12471:15 July 12441:15 July 12415:15 July 12383:15 July 12351:15 July 12325:15 July 12295:15 July 12234:15 July 12145:15 July 12064:15 July 11896:29 July 11836:14 July 11716:22 June 11672:6 April 11642:27 June 11512:Reuters 11467:15 July 11147:15 July 11118:24 July 11098:Colombo 11062:Bibcode 11037:15 July 10985:15 July 10955:15 July 10848:15 July 10789:24 July 10718:7925123 10638:15 July 10612:15 July 10586:20 June 10547:22 June 10512:15 July 10478:15 July 10427:15 July 10384:15 July 10352:15 July 10308:15 July 10205:20 June 10154:20 June 10115:15 July 10040:15 July 9991:15 July 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1530:Prakrit 1518:pottery 1494:modern 1473:Chinese 1430:History 1405:Ilaṅkai 1395:Sinhala 1127:in the 1082:Chinese 1033:by the 966:Website 955:.இலங்கை 860: ( 612:• 599:• 586:• 573:• 560:• 547:• 534:• 521:• 515:543 BCE 509:Kingdom 507:• 467:• 452:• 437:• 422:• 344:Indians 340:Chinese 285:English 267:Sinhala 254:Colombo 222:79°52′E 209:Colombo 196:Capital 149: " 147:Anthem: 75:Sinhala 49:Sinhala 23861:Mexico 23816:Brazil 23613: 23600: 23590:Israel 23587: 23574: 23561: 23548: 23519: 23497:Guests 23485: 23475:Turkey 23472: 23459: 23446: 23433: 23420: 23407: 23394: 23384:Kuwait 23381: 23368: 23355: 23342: 23329: 23316: 23292: 23268: 23255: 23245:Russia 23242: 23229: 23216: 23203: 23190: 23177: 23164: 23151: 23013:Jersey 22831:Zambia 22816:Uganda 22811:Tuvalu 22736:Rwanda 22676:Malawi 22646:Guyana 22631:Gambia 22606:Cyprus 22601:Canada 22591:Brunei 22581:Belize 22395:Russia 22383:Guests 22293:Bhutan 22000:Kuwait 21995:Jordan 21990:Israel 21837:France 21810:Africa 21755:Swords 21638:Sports 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