466:
49:
229:
40:
291:
282:, and other related developmental orthopedic diseases (DOD) appear at a high frequency in Standardbreds. OC/OCD is a moderate to highly heritable condition in Standardbreds and similar breeds, and genetic risk factors have been identified. These findings suggest that a change in breeding practices could lower the prevalence within the breed; however, lesions may resolve on their own or can be surgically corrected.
162:
374:
394:, born in 1777. Diomed's Thoroughbred grandson American Star, foaled in 1822, was influential in the development of the breed through the mares of his progeny by American Star 14 being bred to Hambletonian 10. When the sport started to gain popularity, more selective breeding was done to produce the faster harness trotter.
402:
seconds. Today, many
Standardbreds are faster than this original standard, with several pacing the mile within 1 min, 50 sec, and trotters only a few seconds slower than pacers. Slightly different bloodlines are found in trotters than in pacers, though both can trace their heritage back to Hambletonian 10.
401:
was formed in United States in 1879 by the
National Association of Trotting Horse Breeders. The name arose due to the "standard" required of breeding stock, to be able to trot or pace a mile within a certain time limit. Every Standardbred had to be able to trot a mile in less than two minutes and 30
413:
was proposed. The studbook was not officially closed until 1973, however, it is likely that it was effectively closed prior. In 2009, in an effort to reduce the loss of genetic diversity within the breed, the United States
Trotting Association capped the studbook for all new sires to 140 mares per
488:
There are other organizations, such as the
Standardbred Pleasure Horse Organization, working to find new homes and uses for retired racing Standardbreds. However, in order to make a good riding horse, some of the harness race training must be undone. For example, getting a Standardbred to canter
236:
Pacers still retain the ability to trot and do so regularly; however, they are labeled by the gait they race at. Additionally, some trotters are able to pace, but prefer to race at the trot. Today's
Standardbreds race in the same gait for their whole career, with rare exception. And although the
240:
Today's
Standardbreds are commonly bred trotters to trotters, and pacers to pacers. Although it is possible for trotters to produce a pacer, these gait-specific breeding practices are causing Standardbreds to differentiate into two subpopulations based on gait, more distinct than some breeds.
221:. In the trot, the horse's legs move in diagonal pairs; when the right foreleg moves forward, so does the left hind leg, and vice versa. In the pace each foreleg moves in unison with the hind leg on the same side. However, the breed is able to perform other horse gaits, including the
369:
breeding, and the mare and foal were purchased by
William Rysdyk, a farm hand from New York state, who successfully raced the colt as a three-year-old against other horses. The horse went on to sire 1,331 offspring, 40 of whom trotted a mile in under 2 minutes 30 seconds.
263:. Uniquely, both pacing and trotting American Standardbreds are fixed for the DMRT3 variant. This suggest that there is at least one additional genetic variant that controls trotting and pacing in Standardbreds. However, European Standardbreds are not yet fixed for this
1258:
485:. Standardbreds have an easy-going nature and readily take to such an environment. By purchasing ex-racehorses, the Amish don't need to have breeding programs or raise young horsesâthere is a ready supply of mature and trained horses.
440:
Standardbreds are known for their skill in harness racing, being the fastest trotting horses in the world. Because of their speed, Standardbreds are often used to upgrade other breeds of harness racers around the world, such as the
449:. In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, races are held for both trotters and pacers. In continental Europe, all harness races are conducted between trotters. In 1968, New Zealand-bred
480:
have been purchasing off-the-track
Standardbreds for a long time, and almost all Amish horses were first trained in the racing industry. A horse may have become too slow for racing, but it is not too slow for pulling a
1423:
considered to originate wholly or partly in Canada and the United States. Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those
298:
In the 17th century, the first trotting races were held in the
Americas, usually in fields on horses under saddle. However, by the mid-18th century, trotting races were held on official courses, with the horses in
153:. Developed in North America, the Standardbred is recognized worldwide, and the breed can trace its bloodlines to 18th-century England. They are solid, well-built horses with good dispositions.
1401:
807:
PromerovĂĄ, M.; Andersson, L. S.; Juras, R.; Penedo, M. C. T.; Reissmann, M.; Tozaki, T.; Bellone, R.; Dunner, S.; HoĹĂn, P.; Imsland, F.; Imsland, P. (January 21, 2014).
1394:
251:, which is expressed in the I6 subdivision of spinal cord neurons; this area is responsible for coordinating the locomotor network controlling limb movements. The
1506:
1844:
1387:
92:
Well-muscled, long body, slightly heavier than a
Thoroughbred, solid legs and powerful shoulders and hindquarters; able to trot or pace at speed for racing.
1436:
997:
McCoy, Annette M.; Beeson, Samantha K.; Splan, Rebecca K.; Lykkjen, Sigrid; Ralston, Sarah L.; Mickelson, James R.; McCue, Molly E. (January 12, 2016).
1501:
1656:
1586:
1556:
1119:
1103:
1621:
1203:
1167:
952:"Heritability estimates of tarsocrural osteochondrosis and palmar/plantar first phalanx osteochondral fragments in Standardbred trotters"
177:, straight neck, sloping shoulder, defined withers, a deep girth, strong bone (legs) and hard feet. Standardbreds average 15 to 16
1326:
1307:
181:(60 to 64 inches, 152 to 163 cm) and typically weigh between 800 and 1,000 pounds (360 and 450 kg). They are most often
854:
Jäderkvist, K.; Andersson, L. S.; Johansson, A. M.; Ărnason, T.; Mikko, S.; Eriksson, S.; Andersson, L.; Lindgren, G. (October 2014).
690:"Analysis of Genetic Diversity in the American Standardbred Horse Utilizing Short Tandem Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms"
609:
596:
Mitchell, James B.; Mitchell, John S.; Nolan, Paul M.; Ross, Mike W. (January 1, 2011), Ross, Mike W.; Dyson, Sue J. (eds.),
570:
541:
534:
The Official Horse Breeds Standards Book: The Complete Guide to the Standards of all North American Equine Breed Associations
1410:
1368:
406:
17:
1345:
519:
1081:
1626:
1797:
1233:
1259:"Ten Years Later: How The Stud Book Cap Has Affected Harness Racing - Horse Racing News | Paulick Report"
597:
950:
Lykkjen, S.; Olsen, H. F.; Dolvik, N. I.; Grøndahl, A. M.; Røed, K. H.; Klemetsdal, G. (January 2014).
414:
year. This went into effect immediately for trotting stallions, and gradually for pacing stallions.
279:
1127:
903:"Osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in Standardbred trotters: Prevalence and relationships"
1691:
1636:
1496:
1471:
465:
1854:
1761:
1661:
1611:
350:
1456:
1849:
1701:
1601:
1491:
1481:
1446:
1441:
1379:
1211:
1178:
174:
1839:
1616:
1546:
1511:
1466:
362:
331:
365:
of the breed and from whom all Standardbreds descend. Hambletonian 10 was out of a dam with
1819:
1751:
1731:
1721:
1696:
1641:
1576:
1566:
1561:
1521:
1476:
1451:
760:
450:
260:
856:"The DMRT3 'Gait keeper' mutation affects performance of Nordic and Standardbred trotters"
8:
1771:
1671:
1486:
1461:
303:. Breeds that have contributed foundation stock to the Standardbred breed included the
150:
808:
764:
1807:
1726:
1571:
1516:
1033:
998:
781:
748:
724:
689:
651:
304:
186:
457:
1 million, and the ninth horse to do so worldwideâthe first eight were Thoroughbreds.
205:. Standardbreds are considered easy-to-train horses with a willing submissive nature.
1676:
1591:
1531:
1056:
1038:
1020:
979:
971:
932:
924:
919:
902:
883:
875:
836:
828:
786:
729:
711:
663:
655:
635:
605:
537:
515:
339:
146:
48:
749:"Mutations in DMRT3 affect locomotion in horses and spinal circuit function in mice"
508:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
1028:
1010:
963:
914:
867:
820:
776:
768:
719:
701:
647:
482:
410:
169:
Standardbreds are generally well-muscled and similar to, but a bit heavier than, a
636:"Genetic differentiation associated with gait within American Standardbred horses"
574:
1802:
1741:
1681:
1606:
1149:
999:"Identification and validation of risk loci for osteochondrosis in standardbreds"
547:
509:
423:
366:
354:
320:
316:
275:
194:
809:"Worldwide frequency distribution of the 'Gait keeper' mutation in theDMRT3gene"
1792:
1746:
1581:
1551:
634:
Cothran, E. G.; MacCluer, J. W.; Weitkamp, L. R.; Bailey, E. (April 24, 2009).
446:
435:
398:
308:
252:
142:
1284:
1015:
222:
1833:
1716:
1631:
1596:
1024:
975:
928:
879:
832:
715:
706:
659:
442:
300:
190:
951:
855:
551:
218:
214:
1736:
1711:
1686:
1651:
1541:
1536:
1042:
983:
936:
887:
840:
790:
733:
688:
Esdaile, Elizabeth; Avila, Felipe; Bellone, Rebecca R (December 10, 2021).
343:
335:
324:
312:
202:
198:
170:
871:
667:
267:
variant, although homozygous individuals have better performance records.
1766:
1420:
489:
might be difficult since they have been rebuked for cantering for years.
470:
182:
178:
138:
772:
1363:
1308:"Those horses you see pulling black buggies might be retired champions"
256:
105:
967:
824:
39:
1526:
377:
853:
346:
228:
602:
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse (Second Edition)
1666:
290:
1409:
161:
1776:
1706:
391:
232:
A racing pacer without hopples (straps to discourage trotting)
1646:
901:
Lykkjen, S.; Roed, K. H.; Dolvik, N. I. (September 6, 2011).
806:
633:
477:
120:
1108:. American Live Stock Publishing Company. 1890. p. 243.
373:
349:
imported to the United States in 1788. He sired a number of
244:
The ability to pace is linked to a single-point mutation in
511:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
454:
358:
245:
949:
595:
996:
536:. Minneapolis, MN: Voyageur Press. pp. 318â322.
426:
and most start their lives headed to the race track.
255:
causes early termination of the gene by coding for a
237:
gaits are similar, the pace is faster than the trot.
1096:
687:
573:. International Museum of the Horse. Archived from
353:horses, but was best known for his great-grandson,
225:, though this gait is penalized in harness racing.
746:
604:, Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders, pp. 1014â1036,
900:
1831:
1346:"Teaching your off-track Standardbred to canter"
453:became the first Standardbred horse ever to win
598:"Chapter 108 - The North American Standardbred"
747:Andersson, Lisa; Larhammar (August 29, 2012).
390:Another influential sire was the Thoroughbred
1845:Horse breeds originating in the United States
1395:
1112:
1411:Horse breeds of Canada and the United States
1402:
1388:
380:, a significant Standardbred pacing sire,
47:
38:
1160:
1076:
1074:
1032:
1014:
918:
780:
723:
705:
1343:
531:
464:
372:
289:
227:
160:
1327:"Amish Horses: Their place and purpose"
525:
357:, also known as Rysdyk's Hambletonian,
14:
1832:
1344:Chaudier, Louann (September 7, 2013).
1324:
1305:
1204:"Standardbred Horse Breed Information"
1082:"The Golden Age of the Trotting Horse"
1071:
504:
502:
460:
270:
1383:
1253:
1251:
1142:
740:
565:
563:
561:
422:Standardbreds are primarily used for
259:, thus altering the function of this
1306:Jenner, Andrew (December 19, 2013).
1236:. Standardbred Canada. June 19, 2014
802:
800:
683:
681:
679:
677:
629:
627:
514:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
1084:. International Museum of the Horse
1049:
499:
24:
1369:United States Trotting Association
1285:"Inter Dominion â A Brief History"
1248:
652:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1987.tb00772.x
558:
407:United States Trotting Association
156:
106:United States Trotting Association
25:
1866:
797:
674:
624:
429:
173:, with a large head often with a
920:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00434.x
397:The first national Standardbred
338:foaled in England in 1780 named
285:
1356:
1337:
1318:
1299:
1277:
1226:
1196:
1105:Illustrated American Stock Book
990:
943:
894:
334:of the Standardbred trace to a
280:osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)
213:Standardbreds race either at a
145:where they compete at either a
1627:Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse
847:
589:
141:best known for its ability in
13:
1:
1325:Miller, Grace (May 1, 2004).
1175:Standardbred Classic Families
1124:Standardbred Classic Families
492:
381:
1312:Eastern Mennonite University
7:
1234:"A Day Trip For Sir Taurus"
361:in 1849 and considered the
10:
1871:
433:
1816:
1785:
1429:
1417:
1016:10.1186/s12864-016-2385-z
956:Equine Veterinary Journal
907:Equine Veterinary Journal
860:Journal of Animal Science
405:At the foundation of the
114:
101:
96:
88:
83:
75:
55:
46:
37:
1692:North American Sportpony
1637:Lac La Croix Indian Pony
1497:American Sorraia Mustang
1472:American Miniature Horse
469:Standardbred pulling an
208:
1762:Tennessee Walking Horse
1662:Mountain Pleasure Horse
1331:The Daily Record (Ohio)
1059:. Thoroughbred Heritage
532:Lynghaug, Fran (2009).
417:
89:Distinguishing features
27:American breed of horse
1702:Pryor Mountain mustang
1492:American Shetland Pony
1482:American Quarter Horse
1447:American Belgian Draft
1442:American Bashkir Curly
707:10.1093/jhered/esab070
473:
387:
295:
233:
185:, and less frequently
166:
1617:Florida Cracker Horse
1547:Camarillo White Horse
1512:American Walking Pony
1507:American Spotted Paso
1467:American Indian Horse
1154:Thoroughbred Heritage
872:10.2527/jas.2014-7803
468:
376:
332:foundation bloodlines
293:
231:
164:
65:American Standardbred
1820:List of horse breeds
1752:Spotted Saddle Horse
1732:Spanish Jennet Horse
1722:Rocky Mountain Horse
1697:Pony of the Americas
1642:Missouri Fox Trotter
1577:Carolina Marsh Tacky
1567:Canadian Sport Horse
1562:Canadian Rustic Pony
1522:American White Horse
1477:American Paint Horse
1457:American Crème Horse
1452:American Cream Draft
276:Osteochondrosis (OC)
261:transcription factor
121:Equus ferus caballus
1772:Virginia Highlander
1672:National Show Horse
1487:American Saddlebred
1462:American Drum Horse
1364:"Life After Racing"
773:10.1038/nature11399
765:2012Natur.488..642A
694:Journal of Heredity
461:Post-racing careers
271:Orthopedic diseases
34:
1808:Narragansett Pacer
1572:Canadian Warmblood
1517:American Warmblood
1437:Alberta Wild Horse
1265:. October 24, 2019
1208:The Stallion Place
474:
388:
305:Narragansett Pacer
296:
234:
175:Roman nose profile
167:
32:
18:Standardbred horse
1827:
1826:
1612:Cumberland Island
1592:Chincoteague Pony
1350:Horse Illustrated
1263:paulickreport.com
968:10.1111/evj.12058
866:(10): 4279â4286.
825:10.1111/age.12120
759:(7413): 642â646.
611:978-1-4160-6069-7
543:978-0-7603-3499-7
131:
130:
76:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
1862:
1602:Colonial Spanish
1502:American Spotted
1404:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1287:. Harness.org.au
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1214:on June 13, 2010
1210:. Archived from
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1184:on March 8, 2021
1183:
1177:. Archived from
1172:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1130:on July 21, 2020
1126:. Archived from
1116:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1018:
994:
988:
987:
947:
941:
940:
922:
898:
892:
891:
851:
845:
844:
804:
795:
794:
784:
744:
738:
737:
727:
709:
685:
672:
671:
631:
622:
621:
620:
618:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
577:on March 4, 2016
567:
556:
555:
529:
523:
506:
411:closed stud book
386:
383:
123:
68:American Trotter
51:
42:
35:
31:
21:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1812:
1803:Conestoga Horse
1781:
1742:Spanish Mustang
1682:Nez Perce Horse
1657:Morocco Spotted
1607:Colorado Ranger
1532:Assateague Pony
1425:
1413:
1408:
1378:
1377:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1342:
1338:
1323:
1319:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1120:"American Star"
1118:
1117:
1113:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1050:
995:
991:
948:
944:
899:
895:
852:
848:
813:Animal Genetics
805:
798:
745:
741:
686:
675:
640:Animal Genetics
632:
625:
616:
614:
612:
594:
590:
580:
578:
569:
568:
559:
544:
530:
526:
507:
500:
495:
463:
438:
432:
420:
384:
367:Norfolk Trotter
363:foundation sire
355:Hambletonian 10
317:Norfolk Trotter
294:Hambletonian 10
288:
273:
211:
159:
157:Characteristics
137:is an American
127:
119:
110:
97:Breed standards
71:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1855:Harness racing
1852:
1847:
1842:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:Canadian Pacer
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1747:Spanish Norman
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Cherokee Horse
1584:
1582:Cerbat mustang
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1557:Canadian Pinto
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1419:These are the
1418:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1355:
1336:
1317:
1298:
1276:
1247:
1225:
1195:
1159:
1141:
1111:
1095:
1070:
1048:
989:
942:
913:(3): 332â338.
893:
846:
819:(2): 274â282.
796:
739:
700:(3): 238â247.
673:
646:(4): 285â296.
623:
610:
588:
571:"Standardbred"
557:
542:
524:
497:
496:
494:
491:
462:
459:
447:French Trotter
436:Harness racing
431:
430:Harness racing
428:
419:
416:
399:breed registry
309:Canadian Pacer
287:
284:
272:
269:
253:point mutation
210:
207:
165:A standardbred
158:
155:
143:harness racing
129:
128:
126:
125:
115:
112:
111:
109:
108:
102:
99:
98:
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93:
90:
86:
85:
81:
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77:
73:
72:
70:
69:
66:
63:
59:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1867:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Standardbreds
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:Racking Horse
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1632:Kiger mustang
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1597:Choctaw Horse
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443:Orlov Trotter
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1840:Horse breeds
1818:
1757:Standardbred
1756:
1737:Spanish Barb
1727:Sable Island
1712:Quarter Pony
1677:Newfoundland
1430:Contemporary
1421:horse breeds
1367:
1358:
1349:
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1311:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1262:
1238:. Retrieved
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1212:the original
1207:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1174:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1123:
1114:
1104:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1061:. Retrieved
1051:
1006:
1003:BMC Genomics
1002:
992:
962:(1): 32â37.
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591:
579:. Retrieved
575:the original
533:
527:
510:
487:
475:
451:Cardigan Bay
439:
421:
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396:
389:
342:. He was a
336:Thoroughbred
329:
313:Thoroughbred
297:
274:
264:
248:
243:
239:
235:
212:
171:Thoroughbred
168:
135:Standardbred
134:
132:
118:
33:Standardbred
29:
1622:Kanata Pony
1218:February 8,
1188:November 9,
1168:"The Stars"
1134:October 31,
1057:"Messenger"
471:Amish buggy
409:in 1939, a
385: 1900
351:flat racing
139:horse breed
56:Other names
1834:Categories
1424:countries.
493:References
434:See also:
257:stop codon
1798:Chickasaw
1527:Appaloosa
1269:March 14,
1025:1471-2164
1009:(1): 41.
976:2042-3306
929:0425-1644
880:1525-3163
833:0268-9146
716:0022-1503
660:0268-9146
617:March 14,
552:23180108M
378:Dan Patch
340:Messenger
1552:Canadian
1291:June 24,
1240:June 24,
1088:June 24,
1063:June 24,
1043:26753841
984:23448227
937:21895752
888:25085403
841:24444049
791:22932389
734:34893836
581:June 24,
347:stallion
195:chestnut
1786:Extinct
1667:Mustang
1150:"Duroc"
1034:4709891
782:3523687
761:Bibcode
725:9270868
668:3481678
424:driving
321:Hackney
301:harness
1777:Welara
1707:Quarab
1687:Nokota
1652:Morgan
1542:Blazer
1537:Banker
1041:
1031:
1023:
982:
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839:
831:
789:
779:
753:Nature
732:
722:
714:
666:
658:
608:
550:
540:
518:
392:Diomed
359:foaled
325:Morgan
323:, and
223:canter
84:Traits
1767:Tiger
1647:Morab
1182:(PDF)
1171:(PDF)
483:buggy
478:Amish
265:DMRT3
249:DMRT3
209:Gaits
191:black
187:brown
179:hands
1293:2014
1271:2022
1242:2014
1220:2010
1190:2019
1136:2019
1090:2014
1065:2014
1039:PMID
1021:ISSN
980:PMID
972:ISSN
933:PMID
925:ISSN
884:PMID
876:ISSN
837:PMID
829:ISSN
787:PMID
730:PMID
712:ISSN
664:PMID
656:ISSN
619:2022
606:ISBN
583:2014
538:ISBN
516:ISBN
476:The
455:US$
445:and
418:Uses
344:gray
330:The
246:gene
219:pace
215:trot
203:roan
199:gray
151:pace
147:trot
133:The
1029:PMC
1011:doi
964:doi
915:doi
868:doi
821:doi
777:PMC
769:doi
757:488
720:PMC
702:doi
698:113
648:doi
217:or
201:or
183:bay
149:or
62:STB
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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