29:
373:
198:
187:
1519:
363:
of horses is highly controversial, and at the present time most mainstream breed registries will not accept cloned horses, though several cloned horses and mules have been produced. Such restrictions have led to legal challenges in the United States, sometime based on state law and sometimes based on
358:
testing to verify parentage, most breed registries now allow artificial insemination, embryo transfer, or both. The high value of stallions has helped with the acceptance of these techniques because they allow a stallion to breed more mares with each "collection" and greatly reduce the risk of injury
326:
disciplines have open stud books to varying degrees. While pedigree is considered, outside bloodlines are admitted to the registry if the horses meet the set standard for the registry. These registries usually require a selection process involving judging of an individual animal's quality,
79:. Depending on definition, hundreds of "breeds" exist today, developed for many different uses. Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods," such as
177:
and other blood added to make a more refined pony suitable for riding. Other horse breeds developed specifically for light agricultural work, heavy and light carriage and road work, various equestrian disciplines, or simply as pets.
140:
Modern horse breeds developed in response to a need for "form to function", the necessity to develop certain physical characteristics to perform a certain type of work. Thus, powerful but refined breeds such as the
234:
only became of significant importance in modern times. Today, the standards for defining and registration of different breeds vary. Sometimes, purebred horses are called "Thoroughbreds", which is incorrect;
304:, Thoroughbred, or Arabian parent, so long as the offspring exhibits appropriate color characteristics. The Quarter Horse normally requires both parents to be registered Quarter Horses, but allows
399:. These hybrid types are not breeds, but they resemble breeds in that crosses between certain horse breeds and other equine species produce characteristic offspring. The most common hybrid is the
314:
exist for horse breeds that either have not yet developed a rigorously defined standard phenotype, or for breeds that register animals that conform to an ideal via the process of passing a
293:, where registration is based on pedigree, and no outside animals can gain admittance. For example, a registered Thoroughbred or Arabian must have two registered parents of the same breed.
335:
registries, are very open and will allow membership of all horses that meet limited criteria, such as coat color and species, regardless of pedigree or conformation.
173:
that could fulfill specific local draft and transportation needs while surviving in harsh environments. However, by the 20th century, many pony breeds had
957:
308:
registration of horses with one
Thoroughbred parent, and the horse may earn its way to full registration by completing certain performance requirements.
801:
680:
305:
1314:
91:," developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in
650:
282:
for
Thoroughbreds, which began in 1791 and traced back to the Arabian stallions imported to England from the Middle East that became the
33:
878:
838:
735:
904:
102:, color, performance ability, or disposition. These inherited traits are usually the result of a combination of natural crosses and
1454:
1347:
1246:
1251:
98:
Horse breeds are groups of horses with distinctive characteristics that are transmitted consistently to their offspring, such as
1086:
996:
564:
296:
Other breeds have a partially closed stud book, but still allow certain infusions from other breeds. For example, the modern
1304:
1256:
342:
Thoroughbred registries require that a registered
Thoroughbred be a product of a natural mating, so-called "live cover". A
765:
1396:
529:
483:
1012:
620:
262:, written pedigrees of Arabian horses can be found that date to the 14th century. In the same period of the early
1309:
106:
methods aimed at producing horses for specific tasks. Certain breeds are known for certain talents. For example,
965:
604:
114:. Some breeds have been developed through centuries of crossings with other breeds, while others, such as the
1514:
1342:
864:
812:
1337:
1181:
688:
338:
Breed registries also differ as to their acceptance or rejection of breeding technology. For example, all
274:
bred horses and kept meticulous pedigrees of the best bloodstock; the lineage survives to this day in the
1469:
1464:
1391:
1319:
122:
from which all current breed members descend. More than 300 horse breeds exist in the world today.
28:
1294:
1079:
258:
and placing great value upon pure bloodlines. Though these pedigrees were originally transmitted by an
223:
131:
1479:
1299:
1191:
713:
1444:
239:" is a specific breed of horse, while a "purebred" is a horse (or any other animal) with a defined
1273:
1042:
658:
347:
169:
work and pull heavy wagons. Ponies of all breeds originally developed mainly from the need for a
1357:
1289:
301:
1543:
1484:
1352:
1072:
432:
283:
119:
882:
254:, who had a reputation for careful breeding practices, keeping extensive pedigrees of their
1376:
554:
444:
190:
135:
103:
20:
743:
8:
1126:
908:
328:
99:
449:
315:
219:
202:
158:
107:
45:
1329:
1131:
992:
858:
600:
560:
525:
518:
489:
479:
279:
150:
76:
1151:
1146:
396:
372:
290:
275:
142:
354:, cannot be registered in the Thoroughbred studbook. However, since the advent of
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570:
535:
351:
197:
1236:
1226:
1221:
1186:
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and cannot reproduce. A notable exception is hybrid crosses between horses and
412:
311:
259:
247:
240:
231:
209:
170:
111:
60:
56:
19:
For a comprehensive list of individual horse breed articles on
Knowledge, see
1537:
1501:
1434:
1426:
1216:
1171:
255:
174:
49:
845:. American Warmblood Society. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008
493:
1439:
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1136:
574:
539:
236:
115:
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1381:
1201:
424:
380:
339:
332:
323:
263:
162:
80:
72:
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before registration is finalized. A few "registries," particularly some
186:
1449:
1416:
1268:
1263:
1196:
1141:
388:
267:
1411:
319:
297:
88:
68:
516:
Sponenberg, D. Phillip (1996). "The
Proliferation of Horse Breeds".
474:
Equine
Research Inc. (2004). Hedge, Juliet; Wagoner, Don M. (eds.).
931:
628:
227:
213:
154:
146:
64:
63:. However, the term is sometimes used in a broader sense to define
1474:
1459:
420:
360:
251:
1211:
1206:
392:
92:
1095:
416:
408:
300:
must have at least one
Appaloosa parent, but may also have a
271:
52:
404:
400:
376:
343:
166:
84:
1064:
476:
Horse conformation: structure, soundness, and performance
355:
714:"American Stud Book Principal Rules and Requirements"
811:. American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from
559:(7th ed.). Interstate Publishers. p. 176.
473:
153:
as riding horses that also had a great aptitude for
71:
located within a limited geographic region, or even
246:An early example of people who practiced selective
16:
Selectively bred populations of domesticated horses
627:. World Arabian Horse Organization. Archived from
599:. Arabian Horse Trust of America. pp. 22–23.
517:
478:. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. pp. 307–308.
346:born of two Thoroughbred parents, but by means of
423:). With rare exceptions, most equine hybrids are
1535:
929:
415:(female donkey). Most other hybrids involve the
1043:"Befuddling Birth: The Case of the Mule's Foal"
907:. National Pinto Horse Registry. Archived from
687:. British Horseracing Authority. Archived from
403:, a cross between a "jack" (male donkey) and a
1080:
955:
836:
165:developed out of a need to perform demanding
881:. Palomino Horse Association. Archived from
708:
706:
524:. Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart Publishers.
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
278:. One of the earliest formal registries was
742:. Arabian Horse Association. Archived from
657:. Oklahoma State University. Archived from
181:
34:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
1087:
1073:
879:"Registration and Membership Instructions"
775:. The Appaloosa Horse Club. Archived from
515:
958:"Champion Horses Cloned by Texas Breeder"
802:"AQHA Registration Rules and Regulations"
703:
552:
500:
1247:Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics
546:
371:
196:
185:
27:
625:WAHO Publication Number 21 January 1998
594:
157:, while heavy draft horses such as the
1536:
1049:. National Public Radio. July 26, 2007
1019:. British Mule Society. Archived from
986:
411:, is a cross between a stallion and a
87:, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "
1068:
930:McAfee, Melonyce (January 30, 2007).
230:bloodstock and a controlled, written
766:"Appaloosa Horse Club Handbook 2007"
597:The Arabian, War Horse to Show Horse
125:
13:
32:Illustration of horse breeds from
14:
1555:
1397:Mountain and moorland pony breeds
1518:
1517:
932:"Did They Save Barbaro's Semen?"
243:recognized by a breed registry.
1035:
1005:
980:
956:Mott, Maryann (April 4, 2006).
949:
923:
897:
871:
830:
794:
758:
736:"2008 Rules & Regulations"
728:
673:
643:
613:
595:Edwards, Gladys Brown (1980).
588:
467:
1:
1515:Lists of horse-related topics
839:"What Is A Warmblood Anyway?"
553:Ensminger, M. Eugene (1999).
460:
383:during a demonstration (2014)
289:Some breed registries have a
110:are known for their speed in
1182:Glossary of equestrian terms
7:
438:
10:
1560:
1305:Ancient and Imperial China
1094:
681:"History of Thoroughbreds"
367:
226:. However, the concept of
207:
132:Domestication of the horse
129:
18:
1510:
1425:
1366:
1328:
1282:
1192:List of equestrian sports
1170:
1102:
863:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
286:stallions for the breed.
962:National Geographic News
905:"Registration Procedure"
407:. A related hybrid, the
182:Purebreds and registries
556:Horses and Horsemanship
429:Equus ferus przewalskii
348:artificial insemination
201:One volume of the 1873
987:Becker, Frank (2013).
685:Britishhorseracing.com
621:"Is Purity the Issue?"
384:
205:
194:
37:
1047:All Things Considered
375:
318:process. Most of the
200:
191:Australian Stud Books
189:
31:
968:on September 8, 2006
782:on February 19, 2007
445:List of horse breeds
431:, commonly known as
136:List of horse breeds
118:, originated from a
104:artificial selection
67:animals of a common
21:List of horse breeds
1315:Indian subcontinent
1023:on October 10, 2017
911:on October 12, 2008
837:Bernhold, Suzette.
691:on February 1, 2014
655:Breeds of Livestock
520:Horses Through Time
395:species to produce
1348:American Civil War
1103:Equine science and
1013:"Mule Information"
450:Selective breeding
433:Przewalski's horse
385:
316:studbook selection
270:monks of southern
206:
203:American Stud Book
195:
77:naturally selected
38:
1531:
1530:
998:978-0-615-90347-7
843:Warmblood Whisper
661:on March 12, 2008
566:978-0-8134-3115-4
327:performance, and
280:General Stud Book
218:Horses have been
151:Iberian Peninsula
149:developed in the
1551:
1521:
1520:
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1082:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1009:
1003:
1002:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
964:. Archived from
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
901:
895:
894:
892:
890:
885:on June 30, 2007
875:
869:
868:
862:
854:
852:
850:
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
818:on July 10, 2007
817:
806:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
781:
770:
762:
756:
755:
753:
751:
746:on April 9, 2008
732:
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583:
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543:
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513:
498:
497:
471:
364:antitrust laws.
291:closed stud book
276:Andalusian horse
220:selectively bred
126:Origin of breeds
46:selectively bred
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1506:
1421:
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1343:Napoleonic Wars
1324:
1278:
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1166:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
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999:
991:. p. 207.
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981:
971:
969:
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938:
928:
924:
914:
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903:
902:
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888:
886:
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856:
855:
848:
846:
835:
831:
821:
819:
815:
804:
800:
799:
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785:
783:
779:
768:
764:
763:
759:
749:
747:
734:
733:
729:
719:
717:
712:
711:
704:
694:
692:
679:
678:
674:
664:
662:
649:
648:
644:
634:
632:
631:on July 5, 2008
619:
618:
614:
607:
593:
589:
579:
577:
567:
551:
547:
532:
514:
501:
486:
472:
468:
463:
441:
370:
359:during mating.
352:embryo transfer
322:breeds used in
312:Open stud books
216:
208:Main articles:
184:
138:
128:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1266:
1261:
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1254:
1244:
1239:
1237:Horse training
1234:
1229:
1227:Western riding
1224:
1222:English riding
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:Horse industry
1184:
1178:
1176:
1168:
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979:
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612:
605:
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530:
499:
484:
465:
464:
462:
459:
458:
457:
455:Horse breeding
452:
447:
440:
437:
369:
366:
260:oral tradition
256:Arabian horses
248:horse breeding
232:breed registry
210:Breed registry
193:from the 1990s
183:
180:
171:working animal
127:
124:
112:harness racing
73:feral "breeds"
61:breed registry
59:recorded in a
48:population of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1556:
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1418:
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1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Gaited horses
1390:
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1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
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1327:
1321:
1320:North America
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
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1295:Domestication
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1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:Equestrianism
1169:
1163:
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1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
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1138:
1135:
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1125:
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1120:
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1097:
1090:
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1038:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1000:
994:
990:
983:
967:
963:
959:
952:
937:
933:
926:
915:September 28,
910:
906:
900:
884:
880:
874:
866:
860:
844:
840:
833:
814:
810:
809:2007 Rulebook
803:
797:
778:
774:
773:2007 Rulebook
767:
761:
745:
741:
740:2008 Rulebook
737:
731:
716:. Jockey Club
715:
709:
707:
690:
686:
682:
676:
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616:
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541:
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531:1-57098-060-8
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495:
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485:9781592284870
481:
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302:Quarter Horse
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108:Standardbreds
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58:
55:, often with
54:
51:
47:
43:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1544:Horse breeds
1485:Winged horse
1480:White horses
1377:Horse breeds
1368:Horse breeds
1367:
1358:World War II
1242:Horse racing
1127:Conformation
1051:. Retrieved
1046:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1016:
1007:
988:
982:
970:. Retrieved
966:the original
961:
951:
939:. Retrieved
935:
925:
913:. Retrieved
909:the original
899:
887:. Retrieved
883:the original
873:
847:. Retrieved
842:
832:
820:. Retrieved
813:the original
808:
796:
784:. Retrieved
777:the original
772:
760:
748:. Retrieved
744:the original
739:
730:
718:. Retrieved
693:. Retrieved
689:the original
684:
675:
663:. Retrieved
659:the original
654:
651:"Andalusian"
645:
633:. Retrieved
629:the original
624:
615:
596:
590:
580:November 12,
578:. Retrieved
555:
548:
519:
475:
469:
428:
386:
381:pack saddles
337:
329:conformation
310:
295:
288:
245:
237:Thoroughbred
222:since their
217:
139:
116:Morgan horse
100:conformation
97:
81:draft horses
50:domesticated
41:
39:
25:
1407:Stock horse
1402:Sport horse
1387:Feral horse
1382:Draft horse
1353:World War I
1300:Middle Ages
1017:BMS Website
391:with other
387:Horses can
340:Jockey Club
333:color breed
324:sport horse
264:Renaissance
120:single sire
42:horse breed
36:(1890–1907)
1450:Hippomancy
1417:Wild horse
1269:Equitation
1264:Horse show
1197:Horse tack
1147:Management
1132:Coat color
1105:management
1053:August 16,
989:Equine Law
606:093827600X
461:References
389:crossbreed
306:"Appendix"
284:foundation
268:Carthusian
159:Clydesdale
143:Andalusian
130:See also:
89:warmbloods
1497:Symbolism
1492:Sacrifice
1455:Mythology
1412:Warmblood
1370:and types
1338:East Asia
1290:Evolution
1252:medalists
1175:and sport
1162:Slaughter
1157:Valuation
1152:Nutrition
665:April 29,
635:April 29,
320:warmblood
298:Appaloosa
250:were the
83:and some
75:that are
69:phenotype
57:pedigrees
1538:Category
1523:Category
1122:Breeding
1117:Behavior
1027:July 10,
859:cite web
750:April 3,
695:April 3,
575:1020574M
540:8699719M
494:56012597
439:See also
241:pedigree
228:purebred
214:Purebred
161:and the
155:dressage
147:Lusitano
65:landrace
1502:Worship
1475:Unicorn
1465:Chinese
1460:Centaur
1445:Fiction
1427:Culture
1330:Warfare
1310:Britain
1283:History
1274:Therapy
1232:Driving
1217:Harness
1112:Anatomy
822:July 5,
786:July 5,
720:July 5,
425:sterile
421:Zebroid
397:hybrids
368:Hybrids
361:Cloning
252:Bedouin
175:Arabian
145:or the
1470:Nordic
1440:Burial
1257:venues
1212:Saddle
1207:Bridle
1137:Genome
1096:Horses
995:
972:May 1,
941:May 1,
889:May 1,
849:May 1,
603:
573:
563:
538:
528:
492:
482:
393:equine
266:, the
93:Europe
85:ponies
53:horses
936:Slate
816:(PDF)
805:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
769:(PDF)
419:(see
417:zebra
413:jenny
409:hinny
379:with
377:Mules
272:Spain
163:Shire
44:is a
1142:Gait
1055:2008
1029:2008
993:ISBN
974:2008
943:2008
917:2008
891:2008
865:link
851:2008
824:2007
788:2007
752:2008
722:2007
697:2008
667:2008
637:2008
601:ISBN
582:2023
561:ISBN
526:ISBN
490:OCLC
480:ISBN
405:mare
401:mule
344:foal
212:and
167:farm
134:and
1435:Art
1202:Bit
356:DNA
350:or
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861:}}
857:{{
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