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and many others. From that moment on, the encyclopaedia begins to replenish with original articles, and the primary attention is paid to issues related to the history, culture and geography of Russia. The displacement of translated articles by original ones and the appearance of new authors affected
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The
Encyclopaedic Dictionary was published from 1890 to 1904, with 4–5 volumes published annually. The circulation fluctuated significantly, from 12,000 copies in 1890 to 25,000 in 1897. Semi-volumes 54 and 55, containing an extensive description of Russia (1899), were published in a circulation of
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began to be published in two versions. The first, more expensive, comprised 41 volumes, the second, with a more modest design, of 82 half-volumes. Having broken its expensive publication by half, the company made it more accessible to a wide audience of readers, thanks to which the circulation was
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added to this that the
Encyclopaedic Dictionary was "carelessly and unsatisfactorily compiled. The very language of the articles is heavy and in places wrong. The translation is immediately visible, and it is far from a professorial one, but a gymnasium, awkward, literal" (1890, No. 5, p. 454).
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The first eight volumes (up to the letter "B"), published under the general editorship of
Professor Ivan Efimovich Andreevsky, were almost literal translation with a slight adaptation for the Russian reader. These volumes caused a lot of complaints about the quality of the translation, and the
493:, which was supposed to cover the same circle of knowledge as ESBE, but in a more compact and modern processing. In 1916, because of wartime difficulties, the publication of the dictionary was discontinued on the 29th volume of the originally planned 48 volumes of this edition.
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and
Arseniev. This also included all the most significant of what, for various reasons, had been omitted in previous volumes or appeared after the encyclopaedia was published. The 82nd half-volume ends with the "Portrait Gallery" of the editors and employees of the
385:, published by the same publishing house. Initially, it was supposed to be limited to the translation of this publication, but only with a more detailed presentation of issues related to Russia. It was supposed to release only 16–18 volumes.
173:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
401:) noted: "There are too many significant shortcomings. There is too little effort, love, and, what is stranger, not enough impressive edition, both literary and purely scholarly!" (1890, No. 4, pp. 76–77), and the journal
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the very nature of the publication: from a trivial encyclopaedia it turned into a collection of the latest achievements and discoveries in all fields of science and technology.
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The RNL contains proofreading copies of the 30th ("Padalka" – "Perm diocese"; incomplete, without beginning) and 31st volumes ("Perm system" – "Poznan Grand Duchy").
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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35 thousand copies. The large circulation determined the wide distribution of the dictionary on the market, despite the rather high price.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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was published in three volumes; in 1907–1909, its second edition was published in four volumes.
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publishers. The articles were written by the prominent
Russian scholars of the period, such as
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After the death of
Professor Ivan Andreevsky, the editorial office was headed by Academician
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overall management of the publication also left much to be desired. So, the journal
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Russian of the large German encyclopaedic dictionary
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By 1907, four additional half-volumes were published, edited by
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All 86 volumes of the
Brokhaus and Efron encyclopedic dictionary
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brought to a record for that time – 130,000 copies.
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a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
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