330:
474:
416:
36:
438:, increasing mechanisation and strict regulations on the purchase of livestock feed reduced the need for and ability to keep draught horses. Thousands of Shires were slaughtered and several large breeding studs closed. The breed fell to its lowest point in the 1950s and 1960s, and in 1955 fewer than 100 horses were shown at the annual British Spring Show.
406:
The term "Shire horse" was first used in the mid-seventeenth century, and incomplete records begin to appear near the end of the eighteenth century. The "Packington Blind Horse", from
Leicestershire, is one of the best-known horses of the era, with direct descendants being recorded from 1770 to 1832.
469:
At the peak of their population, Shires numbered over a million. In the 1950s and 1960s, this number declined to a few thousand. In the United States, the Shire population dropped significantly in the early part of the twentieth century, and continued to decline in the 1940s and 1950s. Between 1950
430:
The first Shires were imported to the United States in 1853, with large numbers of horses being imported in the 1880s. The
American Shire Horse Association was established in 1885 to register and promote the breed. The Shire soon became popular in the United States, and almost 4,000 Shires were
555:), with a minimum of 173 cm (17.0 h); geldings should stand at least 168 cm (16.2 h), and mares no less than 163 cm (16.0 h). Weight ranges from 850 to 1100 kg (1870 to 2430 lb) for geldings and stallions, with no set standard for mares.
411:
for the Shire breed, and he stood at stud from 1755 to 1770. During the nineteenth century, Shires were used extensively as cart horses to move goods from the docks through the cities and countryside. The rough roads created a need for large horses with extensive musculature.
441:
In the 1970s, the breed began to be revived through increased public interest. Breed societies have been established in the United States, Canada, the
Netherlands, France, and Germany, and in 1996 the first World Shire Horse Congress was held in
313:
and of transport, the need for draught horses decreased rapidly and by the 1960s numbers had fallen from a million or more to a few thousand. Numbers began to increase again from the 1970s, but the breed is still considered "at risk" by the
465:
in the 1950s and 1960s, which changed the conformation of the Shire and most notably changed the feathering on the lower legs from a mass of coarse hair into the silky feathering associated with modern Shires.
270:. It is a tall breed, and Shires have at various times held world records both for the largest horse and for the tallest horse. The Shire has a great capacity for weight-pulling; it was used for
1648:
558:
The head of a Shire is long and lean, with large eyes, set on a neck that is slightly arched and long in proportion to the body. The shoulder is deep and wide, the chest wide, the
647:, which made Shire-drawn deliveries from the early 1800s to the 1920s, then resumed service in 1960. Several breweries have withdrawn their Shire horse teams, including the
427:, with the first edition in 1878 containing 2,381 stallions and records dating back to 1770. Between 1901 and 1914, 5,000 Shires were registered each year with the society.
403:
or
Midlands type. The Fen type tended to be larger, with more bone and extra hair, while the Midlands type tended to have more endurance while being of a finer appearance.
309:
was published. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there were large numbers of Shires, and many were exported to the United States. With the progressive
1371:
688:
592:
The Shire has an enormous capacity for pulling weight. In 1924, at a
British exhibition, a pair of horses was estimated to have pulled a starting load equal to 50
1209:
969:
1051:
470:
and 1959, only 25 horses were registered in the United States. However, numbers began to increase, and 121 horses were registered in the US by 1985.
341:
were used for most farm work into the eighteenth century, horses "fit for the dray, the plough, or the chariot" were on sale at
Smithfield Market in
364:
favoured lighter, faster mounts and the big horses began to be used for draught work instead. During the sixteenth century, Dutch engineers brought
1364:
1653:
1643:
395:
mares, notable since breeders tended to concentrate on improving the male line. Two different types of black horses developed: the Fen or
1357:
745:
1380:
423:
In 1878, the
English Cart Horse Society was formed, and in 1884 changed its name to the Shire Horse Society. The Society published a
1134:
1297:
582:
999:
859:
692:
1108:
431:
imported between 1900 and 1918. Approximately 6,700 Shires were registered with the US association between 1909 and 1911.
1183:
876:
1170:
977:
948:
886:
831:
787:
321:
Outside the United
Kingdom, there are stud-books and breed associations in Australia, the United States, and Canada.
1025:
1213:
1061:
729:
570:
492:
as "at risk", meaning that population numbers are estimated to be under 1500 head. In the United States, the
1083:
310:
279:
611:
in 1846. He stood over 219 cm (21.2 h), and weighed an estimated 1524 kilograms (3360 lb).
1160:
489:
315:
50:
481:
The
National Shire Horse Spring Show is held annually and is the largest Shire show in Great Britain.
352:, when stallions measuring less than "fifteen handfuls" could not be kept, but the increasing role of
301:
The Shire breed was established in the mid-eighteenth century, although its origins are much older. A
1056:
596:, although an exact number could not be determined as their pull exceeded the maximum reading on the
1446:
632:
380:
600:. Working in slippery footing, the same pair of horses pulled 18.5 tonnes at a later exhibition.
569:
The Shire is known for its easy-going temperament. Shires have been identified to be at risk for
447:
1327:
1278:
1256:
1658:
1638:
1605:
493:
408:
349:
290:
for delivery of beer, and some are still used in this way; others are used for forestry, for
1616:
1464:
497:
749:
222:
8:
628:
485:
454:
1138:
772:
Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen J.G.; Sponenberg, D. Phillip (2016).
217:
1534:
1112:
648:
563:
458:
212:
1305:
387:, resulting in a horse sometimes known as the "Bakewell Black". Bakewell imported six
1600:
1426:
1396:
1166:
944:
882:
855:
827:
783:
779:
725:
640:
376:
1349:
1406:
902:
644:
624:
620:
435:
379:
Horse in the seventeenth century. The Black Horse was improved by the followers of
287:
1003:
1595:
1519:
773:
604:
541:
357:
573:, a chronic progressive disease that includes symptoms of progressive swelling,
1509:
1469:
574:
529:
462:
400:
384:
365:
92:
1187:
1632:
1585:
1524:
1504:
1479:
1436:
1421:
1416:
1401:
513:
372:, and these horses may have had an influence on what became the Shire breed.
302:
259:
190:
170:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1499:
1484:
1441:
608:
559:
525:
521:
443:
396:
291:
267:
174:
623:. A few breweries still maintain this tradition in the UK, among them the
1590:
1552:
1489:
1411:
1235:
1029:
603:
The largest horse in recorded history was probably a Shire gelding named
597:
552:
517:
477:
A bay-coloured Shire, showing
Clydesdale influence in colour and markings
388:
329:
295:
271:
263:
255:
166:
142:
20:
1544:
1514:
1474:
586:
540:
may be black, bay, brown, grey or roan. In the UK stallions may not be
283:
96:
1494:
636:
562:
muscular and short and the hindquarters long and wide. Not too much
424:
353:
306:
802:
566:
is to occur on the legs, and the hair is fine, straight, and silky.
19:
This article is about the breed of horse. For the British band, see
1298:"Thwaites brewery shire horse retires after 15 years of deliveries"
659:
578:
509:
392:
1577:
548:
537:
361:
1279:"Robinsons Brewery Stockport - Visitors Centre and Shire horses"
473:
453:
Between the 1920s and 1930s and today, the Shire has changed in
450:
through frozen semen was with several Australian mares in 1997.
1529:
593:
342:
415:
1388:
652:
619:
The Shire horse was originally the staple breed used to draw
275:
237:
826:. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens Limited. pp. 45–63.
771:
1456:
775:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
724:. London; New York; Stuttgart; Moscow: Dorling Kindersley.
533:
338:
1649:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
369:
805:. Canadian Shire Horse Association. Accessed March 2019.
748:. Shire Horse Society. 13 September 2023. Archived from
286:
for road transport. One traditional use was for pulling
35:
348:
The English Great Horse was valued during the reign of
1135:"Chronic Progressive Lymphedema (CPL) in Draft Horses"
1379:
356:
brought an end to the use of heavy horses in battle.
282:
was the principal means of goods transport, and as a
874:
976:. International Museum of the Horse. Archived from
544:, but the colour is allowed by the US association.
375:From this medieval horse came an animal called the
1111:. American Shire Horse Association. Archived from
1137:. University of California, Davis. Archived from
849:
368:with them when they came to England to drain the
1630:
943:. Tonbridge, UK: Farming Press. pp. 11–13.
1084:"Equus Survival Trust Equine Conservation List"
803:Welcome to the Canadian Shire Horse Association
1295:
551:of grown stallions is about 178 cm (17.2
1365:
854:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 381.
1028:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from
1162:The Horse: A Miscellany of Equine Knowledge
845:
843:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
1372:
1358:
938:
852:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
305:was formed in 1876, and in 1878 the first
34:
1210:"The Shire Horses at Work in the Brewery"
1109:"ASHA Standard of Conformation Guideline"
1101:
716:
714:
712:
710:
585:limbs. The disease is similar to chronic
149:gelding 168 cm (16.2 h) minimum
1186:. Wadworth & Co, Ltd. Archived from
840:
821:
672:
472:
414:
407:This horse is usually recognised as the
328:
1044:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
740:
738:
1631:
964:
962:
960:
939:Ward, John (1998). "The Shire Horse".
817:
815:
813:
811:
707:
152:mare 163 cm (16.0 h) minimum
1353:
1212:. Hook Norton Brewery. Archived from
1159:Julie Whitaker, Ian Whitelaw (2007).
1153:
1002:. Shire Horse Society. Archived from
691:. Shire Horse Society. Archived from
921:
735:
446:. The first use within the breed of
1654:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist
1644:Horse breeds originating in England
1328:"Time called on Tetley dray horses"
957:
808:
796:
765:
607:(also known as Sampson), foaled in
13:
1296:Mathieson, Amy (29 October 2008).
503:
496:lists it as "critical", while the
14:
1670:
1381:Horse breeds of the British Isles
419:A grey Shire employed in forestry
333:A pair of Shire horses ploughing
1165:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
223:Shire Horse Society of Australia
218:American Shire Horse Association
1320:
1289:
1271:
1249:
1228:
1202:
1176:
1127:
1076:
1018:
1000:"About the Shire Horse Society"
992:
689:"Standard of Points for Shires"
895:
868:
720:Elwyn Hartley Edwards (1994).
571:chronic progressive lymphedema
488:of the Shire is listed by the
1:
881:. Globe Pequot. p. 178.
875:Swinney, Nicola Jane (2006).
722:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
665:
658:The horses are also used for
1052:"Conservation Priority List"
311:mechanisation of agriculture
7:
909:. Oklahoma State University
824:The Book of the Heavy Horse
627:in Devizes, Wiltshire, the
141:stallion 173 cm (17.0
10:
1675:
850:Hendricks, Bonnie (2007).
547:The average height at the
490:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
324:
316:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
18:
1614:
1576:
1543:
1455:
1387:
1057:The Livestock Conservancy
974:Horse Breeds of the World
878:Horse Breeds of the World
662:work and leisure riding.
528:or have large amounts of
231:
208:
203:
180:
162:
130:
107:
102:
88:
65:
57:
45:
33:
1283:www.robinsonsbrewery.com
941:The Working Horse Manual
633:Samuel Smith Old Brewery
40:Shire pulling a carriage
762:Accessed February 2019.
746:"About the Shire Horse"
614:
500:calls it "vulnerable".
448:artificial insemination
434:Around the time of the
383:, of Dishley Grange in
181:Distinguishing features
1236:"Samuel Smith Brewery"
1089:. Equus Survival Trust
478:
420:
334:
254:is a British breed of
16:British breed of horse
1606:Yorkshire Coach Horse
494:Livestock Conservancy
476:
418:
332:
117:stallions 900–1100 kg
1617:List of horse breeds
1465:British Spotted Pony
1190:on 18 September 2013
498:Equus Survival Trust
238:Equus ferus caballus
120:geldings 850–1100 kg
1216:on 26 November 2011
970:"Shire Draft Horse"
907:Breeds of Livestock
752:on 26 November 2020
629:Hook Norton Brewery
486:conservation status
409:foundation stallion
294:and for commercial
278:at a time when the
213:Shire Horse Society
46:Conservation status
30:
1141:on 3 February 2013
1115:on 13 January 2013
980:on 29 October 2007
778:(Sixth ed.).
524:. They may not be
479:
421:
345:as early as 1145.
335:
28:
1623:
1622:
1601:Old English Black
1427:Irish Sport Horse
1397:British Warmblood
1302:Horse & Hound
1259:. Merchant du Vin
1064:on 15 August 2024
1006:on 10 August 2011
861:978-0-8061-3884-8
822:Hart, E. (1986).
780:CAB International
695:on 2 January 2019
641:Robinsons Brewery
377:Old English Black
248:
247:
58:Country of origin
1666:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1308:on 18 March 2012
1304:. Archived from
1293:
1287:
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1253:
1247:
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1120:
1105:
1099:
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1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1060:. Archived from
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1032:on 24 March 2009
1022:
1016:
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996:
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769:
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742:
733:
718:
705:
704:
702:
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685:
645:Thwaites Brewery
625:Wadworth Brewery
436:Second World War
258:. It is usually
240:
146:
38:
31:
27:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1610:
1596:Norfolk Trotter
1572:
1539:
1451:
1383:
1378:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
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1128:
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719:
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673:
668:
617:
506:
504:Characteristics
381:Robert Bakewell
366:Friesian horses
358:Oliver Cromwell
327:
244:
236:
227:
204:Breed standards
199:
158:
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126:
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84:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1362:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1319:
1288:
1270:
1257:"Samuel Smith"
1248:
1227:
1201:
1184:"Shire Horses"
1175:
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1126:
1100:
1075:
1043:
1017:
991:
956:
949:
920:
894:
887:
867:
860:
839:
832:
807:
795:
788:
764:
734:
706:
670:
669:
667:
664:
621:brewer's drays
616:
613:
575:hyperkeratosis
530:white markings
505:
502:
463:cross-breeding
385:Leicestershire
326:
323:
288:brewer's drays
246:
245:
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229:
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196:feathered legs
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72:United Kingdom
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61:United Kingdom
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1618:
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1599:
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1589:
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1586:Galloway pony
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1437:Suffolk Punch
1435:
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1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:Irish Draught
1420:
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1413:
1410:
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1405:
1403:
1402:Cleveland Bay
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1171:9780312371081
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950:0-85236-401-6
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888:1-59228-990-8
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833:0-85059-640-8
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789:9781780647944
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1568:Windsor Grey
1442:Thoroughbred
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66:Distribution
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1591:Irish Hobby
1026:"Watchlist"
651:brewery in
598:dynamometer
589:in humans.
520:, brown or
173:, brown or
21:Shirehorses
1633:Categories
1520:New Forest
1407:Clydesdale
1241:14 January
730:0751301159
666:References
587:lymphedema
564:feathering
459:Clydesdale
350:Henry VIII
284:cart-horse
187:large size
1510:Kerry Bog
1470:Connemara
1447:Welsh Cob
1412:Gypsy Cob
1338:8 October
1263:8 October
1220:8 October
1194:8 October
1119:4 October
1093:7 October
1068:19 August
1036:7 October
984:8 October
913:4 October
637:Tadcaster
510:stallions
425:stud book
401:Leicester
354:gunpowder
307:stud-book
296:promotion
274:, to tow
272:farm work
145:) minimum
75:Australia
49:At risk (
1525:Shetland
1505:Highland
1480:Dartmoor
1332:BBC News
1312:2 August
1010:2 August
699:2 August
660:forestry
579:fibrosis
542:chestnut
538:geldings
393:Flanders
1578:Extinct
1500:Hackney
1485:Eriskay
1417:Hackney
903:"Shire"
756:8 March
605:Mammoth
549:withers
512:may be
362:cavalry
337:Though
325:History
191:draught
93:draught
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1563:Hunter
1530:Welara
1490:Exmoor
1457:Ponies
1389:Horses
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1145:22 May
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649:Tetley
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583:distal
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508:Shire
457:. The
343:London
292:riding
276:barges
163:Colour
131:Height
108:Weight
103:Traits
78:Canada
1545:Types
1535:Welsh
1515:Lundy
1475:Dales
1432:Shire
1087:(PDF)
653:Leeds
553:hands
534:Mares
514:black
389:Dutch
266:, or
260:black
252:Shire
171:black
143:hands
29:Shire
1558:Hack
1495:Fell
1340:2009
1314:2011
1265:2009
1243:2011
1222:2009
1196:2009
1167:ISBN
1147:2010
1121:2009
1095:2009
1070:2024
1038:2009
1012:2011
986:2009
945:ISBN
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883:ISBN
856:ISBN
828:ISBN
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758:2016
726:ISBN
701:2011
643:and
615:Uses
560:back
536:and
526:roan
522:grey
484:The
370:fens
339:oxen
268:grey
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51:RBST
1553:Cob
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