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Shire horse

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330: 474: 416: 36: 438:, increasing mechanisation and strict regulations on the purchase of livestock feed reduced the need for and ability to keep draught horses. Thousands of Shires were slaughtered and several large breeding studs closed. The breed fell to its lowest point in the 1950s and 1960s, and in 1955 fewer than 100 horses were shown at the annual British Spring Show. 406:
The term "Shire horse" was first used in the mid-seventeenth century, and incomplete records begin to appear near the end of the eighteenth century. The "Packington Blind Horse", from Leicestershire, is one of the best-known horses of the era, with direct descendants being recorded from 1770 to 1832.
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At the peak of their population, Shires numbered over a million. In the 1950s and 1960s, this number declined to a few thousand. In the United States, the Shire population dropped significantly in the early part of the twentieth century, and continued to decline in the 1940s and 1950s. Between 1950
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The first Shires were imported to the United States in 1853, with large numbers of horses being imported in the 1880s. The American Shire Horse Association was established in 1885 to register and promote the breed. The Shire soon became popular in the United States, and almost 4,000 Shires were
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for the Shire breed, and he stood at stud from 1755 to 1770. During the nineteenth century, Shires were used extensively as cart horses to move goods from the docks through the cities and countryside. The rough roads created a need for large horses with extensive musculature.
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In the 1970s, the breed began to be revived through increased public interest. Breed societies have been established in the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, France, and Germany, and in 1996 the first World Shire Horse Congress was held in
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and of transport, the need for draught horses decreased rapidly and by the 1960s numbers had fallen from a million or more to a few thousand. Numbers began to increase again from the 1970s, but the breed is still considered "at risk" by the
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in the 1950s and 1960s, which changed the conformation of the Shire and most notably changed the feathering on the lower legs from a mass of coarse hair into the silky feathering associated with modern Shires.
270:. It is a tall breed, and Shires have at various times held world records both for the largest horse and for the tallest horse. The Shire has a great capacity for weight-pulling; it was used for 1648: 558:
The head of a Shire is long and lean, with large eyes, set on a neck that is slightly arched and long in proportion to the body. The shoulder is deep and wide, the chest wide, the
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or Midlands type. The Fen type tended to be larger, with more bone and extra hair, while the Midlands type tended to have more endurance while being of a finer appearance.
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was published. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there were large numbers of Shires, and many were exported to the United States. With the progressive
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The Shire has an enormous capacity for pulling weight. In 1924, at a British exhibition, a pair of horses was estimated to have pulled a starting load equal to 50
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and 1959, only 25 horses were registered in the United States. However, numbers began to increase, and 121 horses were registered in the US by 1985.
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were used for most farm work into the eighteenth century, horses "fit for the dray, the plough, or the chariot" were on sale at Smithfield Market in
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favoured lighter, faster mounts and the big horses began to be used for draught work instead. During the sixteenth century, Dutch engineers brought
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mares, notable since breeders tended to concentrate on improving the male line. Two different types of black horses developed: the Fen or
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In 1878, the English Cart Horse Society was formed, and in 1884 changed its name to the Shire Horse Society. The Society published a
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imported between 1900 and 1918. Approximately 6,700 Shires were registered with the US association between 1909 and 1911.
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Outside the United Kingdom, there are stud-books and breed associations in Australia, the United States, and Canada.
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as "at risk", meaning that population numbers are estimated to be under 1500 head. In the United States, the
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in 1846. He stood over 219 cm (21.2 h), and weighed an estimated 1524 kilograms (3360 lb).
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The National Shire Horse Spring Show is held annually and is the largest Shire show in Great Britain.
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The Shire breed was established in the mid-eighteenth century, although its origins are much older. A
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The Shire is known for its easy-going temperament. Shires have been identified to be at risk for
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for delivery of beer, and some are still used in this way; others are used for forestry, for
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Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen J.G.; Sponenberg, D. Phillip (2016).
217: 1534: 1112: 648: 563: 458: 212: 1305: 387:, resulting in a horse sometimes known as the "Bakewell Black". Bakewell imported six 1600: 1426: 1396: 1166: 944: 882: 855: 827: 783: 779: 725: 640: 376: 1349: 1406: 902: 644: 624: 620: 435: 379:
Horse in the seventeenth century. The Black Horse was improved by the followers of
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The largest horse in recorded history was probably a Shire gelding named
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A bay-coloured Shire, showing Clydesdale influence in colour and markings
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may be black, bay, brown, grey or roan. In the UK stallions may not be
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muscular and short and the hindquarters long and wide. Not too much
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is to occur on the legs, and the hair is fine, straight, and silky.
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This article is about the breed of horse. For the British band, see
1298:"Thwaites brewery shire horse retires after 15 years of deliveries" 659: 578: 509: 392: 1577: 548: 537: 361: 1279:"Robinsons Brewery Stockport - Visitors Centre and Shire horses" 473: 453:
Between the 1920s and 1930s and today, the Shire has changed in
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through frozen semen was with several Australian mares in 1997.
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The Shire horse was originally the staple breed used to draw
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Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
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Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
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for road transport. One traditional use was for pulling
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The English Great Horse was valued during the reign of
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brought an end to the use of heavy horses in battle.
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was the principal means of goods transport, and as a
874: 976:. International Museum of the Horse. Archived from 544:, but the colour is allowed by the US association. 375:From this medieval horse came an animal called the 1111:. American Shire Horse Association. Archived from 1137:. University of California, Davis. Archived from 849: 368:with them when they came to England to drain the 1630: 943:. Tonbridge, UK: Farming Press. pp. 11–13. 1084:"Equus Survival Trust Equine Conservation List" 803:Welcome to the Canadian Shire Horse Association 1295: 551:of grown stallions is about 178 cm (17.2 1365: 854:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 381. 1028:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from 1162:The Horse: A Miscellany of Equine Knowledge 845: 843: 683: 681: 679: 677: 675: 1372: 1358: 938: 852:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds 305:was formed in 1876, and in 1878 the first 34: 1210:"The Shire Horses at Work in the Brewery" 1109:"ASHA Standard of Conformation Guideline" 1101: 716: 714: 712: 710: 585:limbs. The disease is similar to chronic 149:gelding 168 cm (16.2 h) minimum 1186:. Wadworth & Co, Ltd. Archived from 840: 821: 672: 472: 414: 407:This horse is usually recognised as the 328: 1044: 934: 932: 930: 928: 926: 924: 740: 738: 1631: 964: 962: 960: 939:Ward, John (1998). "The Shire Horse". 817: 815: 813: 811: 707: 152:mare 163 cm (16.0 h) minimum 1353: 1212:. Hook Norton Brewery. Archived from 1159:Julie Whitaker, Ian Whitelaw (2007). 1153: 1002:. Shire Horse Society. Archived from 691:. Shire Horse Society. Archived from 921: 735: 446:. The first use within the breed of 1654:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist 1644:Horse breeds originating in England 1328:"Time called on Tetley dray horses" 957: 808: 796: 765: 607:(also known as Sampson), foaled in 13: 1296:Mathieson, Amy (29 October 2008). 503: 496:lists it as "critical", while the 14: 1670: 1381:Horse breeds of the British Isles 419:A grey Shire employed in forestry 333:A pair of Shire horses ploughing 1165:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 223:Shire Horse Society of Australia 218:American Shire Horse Association 1320: 1289: 1271: 1249: 1228: 1202: 1176: 1127: 1076: 1018: 1000:"About the Shire Horse Society" 992: 689:"Standard of Points for Shires" 895: 868: 720:Elwyn Hartley Edwards (1994). 571:chronic progressive lymphedema 488:of the Shire is listed by the 1: 881:. Globe Pequot. p. 178. 875:Swinney, Nicola Jane (2006). 722:The Encyclopedia of the Horse 665: 658:The horses are also used for 1052:"Conservation Priority List" 311:mechanisation of agriculture 7: 909:. Oklahoma State University 824:The Book of the Heavy Horse 627:in Devizes, Wiltshire, the 141:stallion 173 cm (17.0 10: 1675: 850:Hendricks, Bonnie (2007). 547:The average height at the 490:Rare Breeds Survival Trust 324: 316:Rare Breeds Survival Trust 18: 1614: 1576: 1543: 1455: 1387: 1057:The Livestock Conservancy 974:Horse Breeds of the World 878:Horse Breeds of the World 662:work and leisure riding. 528:or have large amounts of 231: 208: 203: 180: 162: 130: 107: 102: 88: 65: 57: 45: 33: 1283:www.robinsonsbrewery.com 941:The Working Horse Manual 633:Samuel Smith Old Brewery 40:Shire pulling a carriage 762:Accessed February 2019. 746:"About the Shire Horse" 614: 500:calls it "vulnerable". 448:artificial insemination 434:Around the time of the 383:, of Dishley Grange in 181:Distinguishing features 1236:"Samuel Smith Brewery" 1089:. Equus Survival Trust 478: 420: 334: 254:is a British breed of 16:British breed of horse 1606:Yorkshire Coach Horse 494:Livestock Conservancy 476: 418: 332: 117:stallions 900–1100 kg 1617:List of horse breeds 1465:British Spotted Pony 1190:on 18 September 2013 498:Equus Survival Trust 238:Equus ferus caballus 120:geldings 850–1100 kg 1216:on 26 November 2011 970:"Shire Draft Horse" 907:Breeds of Livestock 752:on 26 November 2020 629:Hook Norton Brewery 486:conservation status 409:foundation stallion 294:and for commercial 278:at a time when the 213:Shire Horse Society 46:Conservation status 30: 1141:on 3 February 2013 1115:on 13 January 2013 980:on 29 October 2007 778:(Sixth ed.). 524:. They may not be 479: 421: 345:as early as 1145. 335: 28: 1623: 1622: 1601:Old English Black 1427:Irish Sport Horse 1397:British Warmblood 1302:Horse & Hound 1259:. Merchant du Vin 1064:on 15 August 2024 1006:on 10 August 2011 861:978-0-8061-3884-8 822:Hart, E. (1986). 780:CAB International 695:on 2 January 2019 641:Robinsons Brewery 377:Old English Black 248: 247: 58:Country of origin 1666: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1351: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1308:on 18 March 2012 1304:. Archived from 1293: 1287: 1286: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1180: 1174: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1088: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1060:. Archived from 1048: 1042: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1032:on 24 March 2009 1022: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1011: 996: 990: 989: 987: 985: 966: 955: 954: 936: 919: 918: 916: 914: 899: 893: 892: 872: 866: 865: 847: 838: 837: 819: 806: 800: 794: 793: 769: 763: 761: 759: 757: 742: 733: 718: 705: 704: 702: 700: 685: 645:Thwaites Brewery 625:Wadworth Brewery 436:Second World War 258:. It is usually 240: 146: 38: 31: 27: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1610: 1596:Norfolk Trotter 1572: 1539: 1451: 1383: 1378: 1348: 1347: 1337: 1335: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1294: 1290: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1193: 1191: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1158: 1154: 1144: 1142: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1118: 1116: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1067: 1065: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1035: 1033: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1009: 1007: 998: 997: 993: 983: 981: 968: 967: 958: 951: 937: 922: 912: 910: 901: 900: 896: 889: 873: 869: 862: 848: 841: 834: 820: 809: 801: 797: 790: 770: 766: 755: 753: 744: 743: 736: 719: 708: 698: 696: 687: 686: 673: 668: 617: 506: 504:Characteristics 381:Robert Bakewell 366:Friesian horses 358:Oliver Cromwell 327: 244: 236: 227: 204:Breed standards 199: 158: 155: 140: 126: 123: 84: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1672: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1549: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1461: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1377: 1376: 1369: 1362: 1354: 1346: 1345: 1319: 1288: 1270: 1257:"Samuel Smith" 1248: 1227: 1201: 1184:"Shire Horses" 1175: 1152: 1126: 1100: 1075: 1043: 1017: 991: 956: 949: 920: 894: 887: 867: 860: 839: 832: 807: 795: 788: 764: 734: 706: 670: 669: 667: 664: 621:brewer's drays 616: 613: 575:hyperkeratosis 530:white markings 505: 502: 463:cross-breeding 385:Leicestershire 326: 323: 288:brewer's drays 246: 245: 243: 242: 232: 229: 228: 226: 225: 220: 215: 209: 206: 205: 201: 200: 198: 197: 196:feathered legs 194: 188: 184: 182: 178: 177: 164: 160: 159: 157: 156: 154: 153: 150: 147: 137: 134: 132: 128: 127: 125: 124: 122: 121: 118: 114: 111: 109: 105: 104: 100: 99: 90: 86: 85: 83: 82: 79: 76: 73: 72:United Kingdom 69: 67: 63: 62: 61:United Kingdom 59: 55: 54: 47: 43: 42: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1671: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1627: 1618: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1586:Galloway pony 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1437:Suffolk Punch 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1422:Irish Draught 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1402:Cleveland Bay 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1333: 1329: 1323: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1274: 1258: 1252: 1237: 1231: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1172: 1171:9780312371081 1168: 1164: 1163: 1156: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1085: 1079: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1047: 1031: 1027: 1021: 1005: 1001: 995: 979: 975: 971: 965: 963: 961: 952: 950:0-85236-401-6 946: 942: 935: 933: 931: 929: 927: 925: 908: 904: 898: 890: 888:1-59228-990-8 884: 880: 879: 871: 863: 857: 853: 846: 844: 835: 833:0-85059-640-8 829: 825: 818: 816: 814: 812: 804: 799: 791: 789:9781780647944 785: 781: 777: 776: 768: 751: 747: 741: 739: 731: 727: 723: 717: 715: 713: 711: 694: 690: 684: 682: 680: 678: 676: 671: 663: 661: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 612: 610: 606: 601: 599: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 556: 554: 550: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 501: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 475: 471: 467: 464: 461:was used for 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 439: 437: 432: 428: 426: 417: 413: 410: 404: 402: 399:type and the 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 331: 322: 319: 317: 312: 308: 304: 303:breed society 299: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 256:draught horse 253: 241: 239: 234: 233: 230: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 207: 202: 195: 192: 189: 186: 185: 183: 179: 176: 172: 168: 165: 161: 151: 148: 144: 139: 138: 136: 135: 133: 129: 119: 116: 115: 113: 112: 110: 106: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 81:United States 80: 77: 74: 71: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 37: 32: 26: 22: 1659:Draft horses 1639:Horse breeds 1625: 1568:Windsor Grey 1442:Thoroughbred 1431: 1336:. 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Retrieved 693:the original 657: 618: 609:Bedfordshire 602: 591: 568: 557: 546: 507: 483: 480: 468: 455:conformation 452: 444:Peterborough 440: 433: 429: 422: 405: 397:Lincolnshire 374: 347: 336: 320: 300: 280:canal system 251: 249: 235: 193:conformation 66:Distribution 25: 1591:Irish Hobby 1026:"Watchlist" 651:brewery in 598:dynamometer 589:in humans. 520:, brown or 173:, brown or 21:Shirehorses 1633:Categories 1520:New Forest 1407:Clydesdale 1241:14 January 730:0751301159 666:References 587:lymphedema 564:feathering 459:Clydesdale 350:Henry VIII 284:cart-horse 187:large size 1510:Kerry Bog 1470:Connemara 1447:Welsh Cob 1412:Gypsy Cob 1338:8 October 1263:8 October 1220:8 October 1194:8 October 1119:4 October 1093:7 October 1068:19 August 1036:7 October 984:8 October 913:4 October 637:Tadcaster 510:stallions 425:stud book 401:Leicester 354:gunpowder 307:stud-book 296:promotion 274:, to tow 272:farm work 145:) minimum 75:Australia 49:At risk ( 1525:Shetland 1505:Highland 1480:Dartmoor 1332:BBC News 1312:2 August 1010:2 August 699:2 August 660:forestry 579:fibrosis 542:chestnut 538:geldings 393:Flanders 1578:Extinct 1500:Hackney 1485:Eriskay 1417:Hackney 903:"Shire" 756:8 March 605:Mammoth 549:withers 512:may be 362:cavalry 337:Though 325:History 191:draught 93:draught 53:, 2016) 1563:Hunter 1530:Welara 1490:Exmoor 1457:Ponies 1389:Horses 1169:  1145:22 May 947:  885:  858:  830:  786:  728:  649:Tetley 631:, the 594:tonnes 583:distal 577:, and 508:Shire 457:. The 343:London 292:riding 276:barges 163:Colour 131:Height 108:Weight 103:Traits 78:Canada 1545:Types 1535:Welsh 1515:Lundy 1475:Dales 1432:Shire 1087:(PDF) 653:Leeds 553:hands 534:Mares 514:black 389:Dutch 266:, or 260:black 252:Shire 171:black 143:hands 29:Shire 1558:Hack 1495:Fell 1340:2009 1314:2011 1265:2009 1243:2011 1222:2009 1196:2009 1167:ISBN 1147:2010 1121:2009 1095:2009 1070:2024 1038:2009 1012:2011 986:2009 945:ISBN 915:2009 883:ISBN 856:ISBN 828:ISBN 784:ISBN 758:2016 726:ISBN 701:2011 643:and 615:Uses 560:back 536:and 526:roan 522:grey 484:The 370:fens 339:oxen 268:grey 250:The 175:grey 97:show 51:RBST 1553:Cob 635:in 581:of 518:bay 391:or 360:'s 264:bay 167:bay 89:Use 1635:: 1330:. 1300:. 1281:. 1054:. 972:. 959:^ 923:^ 905:. 842:^ 810:^ 782:. 737:^ 709:^ 674:^ 655:. 639:, 532:. 516:, 318:. 298:. 262:, 169:, 95:, 1373:e 1366:t 1359:v 1342:. 1316:. 1285:. 1267:. 1245:. 1224:. 1198:. 1173:. 1149:. 1123:. 1097:. 1072:. 1040:. 1014:. 988:. 953:. 917:. 891:. 864:. 836:. 792:. 760:. 732:. 703:. 23:.

Index

Shirehorses
A tall black horse with four white legs, standing in harness, with shafts of a cart visible
RBST
draught
show
hands
bay
black
grey
draught
Shire Horse Society
American Shire Horse Association
Shire Horse Society of Australia
Equus ferus caballus
draught horse
black
bay
grey
farm work
barges
canal system
cart-horse
brewer's drays
riding
promotion
breed society
stud-book
mechanisation of agriculture
Rare Breeds Survival Trust
two bay (reddish-brown) horses wearing red caps over their ears, hitched to a plough and pulling it across dried grassy turf with a man walking behind the plough

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