377:
401:, meaning that fewer than 2500 horses were registered annually in the USA, and there were fewer than 10,000 worldwide. By 2024 the Clydesdale was listed as "threatened" (<1,000 annual US registrations and <5,000 global population). According to The Livestock Conservancy, "The North American population of Clydesdale horses had increased steadily for several decades, but a sharp decline began around 2010, prompted by the economic downturn that affected the entire equine market. Globally, the breed is well known but not common, with an estimated global population of fewer than 5,000 horses."
274:
40:
544:
464:
536:
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that other draught breeds were almost unknown. By the late 1960s, it was noted that "Excellent
Clydesdale horses are bred in Victoria and New Zealand; but, at least in the former place, it is considered advisable to keep up the type by frequent importations from England." Over 25,000 Clydesdales were registered in Australia between 1924 and 2008. The popularity of the Clydesdale led to it being called "the breed that built Australia".
413:
324:, later known as "Lampits mare" after the farm name of her owner, was born that traced her lineage to the black stallion. This mare is listed in the ancestry of almost every Clydesdale living today. One of her foals was Thompson's Black Horse (known as Glancer), which was to have a significant influence on the Clydesdale breed.
327:
The first recorded use of the name "Clydesdale" in reference to the breed was in 1826 at an exhibition in
Glasgow. Another theory of their origin, that of them descending from Flemish horses brought to Scotland as early as the 15th century, was also promulgated in the late 18th century. However, even
384:
Many of the horses exported from
Scotland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries went to Australia and New Zealand. In 1918, the Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society was formed as the association for the breed in Australia. Between 1906 and 1936, Clydesdales were bred so extensively in Australia
611:
mares to create a mid-sized draught horses for pulling commercial wagons and military artillery. Unfortunately, after just a few years, the Dales breed was two-thirds
Clydesdale. They started a breed registry in 1916 to preserve the Dales, and by 1923 the Army was buying only Dales with no signs of
499:
if they have the desired colour and markings. Buyers do not favour Sabino-like horses, despite one draught-breed writer theorising that they are needed to keep the desired coat colours and texture. Breed associations, however, state that no colour is bad, and that horses with roaning and body spots
572:, and they have since become an international symbol of both the breed and the brand. The Budweiser breeding programme, with its strict standards of colour and conformation, have influenced the look of the breed in the United States to the point that many people believe that Clydesdales are always
440:
to produce taller horses that looked more impressive in parades and shows. Today, the
Clydesdale stands 162 to 183 cm (16.0 to 18.0 h) high and weighs 820 to 910 kg (1800 to 2000 lb). Some mature males are larger, standing taller than 183 cm and weighing up to 1000 kg
368:
for the war effort, and after the war, breed numbers declined as farms became increasingly mechanised. This decline continued between the wars. Following the Second World War, the number of
Clydesdale breeding stallions in England dropped from more than 200 in 1946 to 80 in 1949. By 1975, the
352:
Large numbers of
Clydesdales were exported from Scotland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with 1617 stallions leaving the country in 1911 alone. Between 1884 and 1945, export certificates were issued for 20,183 horses. These horses were exported to other countries in the
331:
A system of hiring stallions between districts existed in
Scotland, with written records dating back to 1837. This programme consisted of local agriculture improvement societies holding breed shows to choose the best stallion, whose owner was then awarded a monetary prize. The owner was then
339:
with local mares, these stallions spread the
Clydesdale type throughout the areas where they were placed, and by 1840, Scottish draught horses and the Clydesdale were one and the same. In 1877, the Clydesdale Horse Society of Scotland was formed, followed in 1879 by the American Clydesdale
559:
Along with carriage horses, Clydesdales are also used as show horses. They are shown in lead line and harness classes at county and state fairs, as well as national exhibitions. Some of the most famous members of the breed are the teams that make up the hitches of the
344:
was published in 1882. In 1883, the short-lived Select
Clydesdale Horse Society was founded to compete with the Clydesdale Horse Society. It was started by two breeders dedicated to improving the breed, who also were responsible in large part for the introduction of
332:
required, in return for additional monies, to take the stallion throughout a designated area, breeding to the local mares. Through this system and by purchase, Clydesdale stallions were sent throughout Scotland and into northern England.
393:
In the 1990s numbers began to rise. By 2005, the Rare Breeds Survival Trust had moved the breed to "at risk" status, meaning that there were fewer than 1500 breeding females in the UK. By 2010 it had been moved back to "vulnerable".
221:
was formed in 1877, thousands of Clydesdales were exported to many countries of the world, particularly to Australia and New Zealand. In the early twentieth century numbers began to fall, both because many were taken for use in the
592:
breed in an attempt to reinvigorate that declining breed. However, those efforts were not seen as successful, as Irish Draught breeders thought the Clydesdale blood made their horses coarser and prone to lower leg faults, such as
551:
The Clydesdale was originally used for agriculture, hauling coal in Lanarkshire, and heavy hauling in Glasgow. Today, Clydesdales are still used for draught purposes, including agriculture, logging, and driving. They are also
494:
Many buyers pay a premium for bay and black horses, especially those with four white legs and white facial markings. Specific colours are often preferred over other physical traits, and some buyers even choose horses with
460:. Their gaits are active, with clearly lifted hooves and a general impression of power and quality. Clydesdales are energetic, with a manner described by the Clydesdale Horse Society as a "gaiety of carriage and outlook".
650:
404:
In 2010 the worldwide population was estimated to be 5000, with around 4000 in the US and Canada, 800 in the UK, and the rest in other countries, including Russia, Japan, Germany, and South Africa.
2136:
217:
blood was introduced. The first recorded use of the name "Clydesdale" for the breed was in 1826; the horses spread through much of Scotland and into northern England. After the
556:
and ridden, as well as kept for pleasure. Clydesdales are known to be the popular breed choice with carriage services and parade horses because of their white, feathered legs.
523:
in humans. Another health concern is a skin condition on the lower leg where feathering is heavy. Colloquially called "Clyde's itch", it is thought to be caused by a type of
1522:
1212:
1315:
154:
1175:
1798:
1515:
320:
stallion of unknown lineage named Blaze. Written pedigrees were kept of these foals beginning in the early nineteenth century, and in 1806, a
2126:
483:, including white on the face, feet, and legs, and occasional white patches on the body (generally on the lower belly). They have extensive
2141:
310:
1345:
340:
Association (later renamed the Clydesdale Breeders of the USA), which served both U.S. and Canadian breed enthusiasts. The first American
1508:
872:
1531:
1371:
1143:
679:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2020.
1091:
1040:
800:
1257:
424:
of the Clydesdale has changed greatly throughout its history. In the 1920s and 1930s, it was a compact horse smaller than the
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17:
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The Clydesdale horse takes its name from Clydesdale, the valley of the River Clyde. In the late seventeenth century,
988:
1423:
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227:
237:
It is a large and powerful horse, although now not as heavy as in the past. It was traditionally used for
1958:
2131:
376:
370:
231:
65:
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considered them vulnerable to extinction, meaning fewer than 900 breeding females remained in the UK.
1180:
604:
horse was created using European draft breeds, including the Clydesdale, imported in the late 1800s.
398:
1597:
442:
1349:
527:. Clydesdales are also known to develop sunburn on any pink (unpigmented) skin around their faces.
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1807:
1908:
125:
676:
654:
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2121:
2077:
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in Great Britain along with Friesian, Shire and Dale, although no written records were kept.
561:
365:
262:
195:
1767:
1615:
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328:
the author of that theory admitted that the common story of their ancestry is more likely.
8:
553:
421:
273:
1375:
1150:
2082:
1943:
1685:
1095:
1044:
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437:
305:
unnamed stallion imported from England by a John Paterson of Lochlyloch and an unnamed
39:
452:, and a sloped shoulder. Breed associations pay close attention to the quality of the
234:
considered the breed vulnerable to extinction. Numbers have since increased slightly.
2057:
1948:
1751:
1577:
1547:
1458:
1286:
1071:
957:
909:
834:
742:
712:
660:
496:
1500:
705:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
2087:
1938:
1913:
286:
254:
1776:
2067:
2052:
1923:
1872:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1823:
1746:
1670:
1398:"Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society of Australia - Frequently Asked Questions"
1296:
1253:
967:
706:
607:
In the early 1900s it was considered profitable to breed Clydesdale stallions to
433:
361:
317:
223:
149:
612:
carthorse blood. The modern Dales shows no signs of Clydesdale characteristics.
2092:
2036:
1898:
1888:
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1660:
1620:
1018:
855:
577:
565:
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354:
258:
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1427:
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1994:
1989:
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1918:
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1736:
1675:
1655:
1630:
1587:
1572:
1567:
1552:
1401:
1070:(7th Revised ed.). New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc. p. 361.
651:
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
589:
588:
In the second half of the 1800s, Clydesdale and Shire blood was added to the
543:
302:
294:
290:
238:
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191:
1300:
1121:
769:
1979:
1953:
1928:
1867:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1650:
1635:
1592:
971:
476:
463:
250:
242:
656:
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
491:, where the hocks turn inward are a breed characteristic and not a fault.
2026:
1741:
1703:
1640:
1582:
1562:
1478:
1426:. Clydesdale & Heavy Horse Field Days Association Inc. Archived from
992:
629:
616:
573:
472:
457:
425:
346:
306:
199:
187:
121:
908:(1st American ed.). New York: Dorling Kindersley. p. 284–285.
535:
2097:
2031:
1695:
1665:
1625:
608:
520:
488:
336:
357:, as well as North and South America, continental Europe, and Russia.
1645:
1489:
429:
341:
441:(2200 lb). The breed has a straight facial profile or a slight
512:
507:, a disease with clinical signs that include progressive swelling,
282:
210:
1495:
1728:
659:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
449:
1455:
The Book of Draft Horses: The Gentle Giants that Built the World
412:
1834:
1680:
516:
479:
are common, and black, grey and chestnut also occur. Most have
59:
954:
Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
205:
The origins of the breed lie in the seventeenth century, when
2010:
1819:
1539:
1484:
524:
321:
169:
1607:
708:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
453:
316:
Another prominent stallion was a 165 cm (16.1 h)
298:
2137:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
448:
It is well-muscled and strong, with an arched neck, high
53:
1230:. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. Archived from
1149:. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. Archived from
1094:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
1043:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
1017:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
213:
and mated with local mares; in the nineteenth century,
1372:"Chronic Progressive Lymphedema (CPL) in Draft Horses"
1826:
considered to be wholly or partly of Scottish origin.
1530:
875:. In National Livestock Association of Canada (ed.).
677:
Breed data sheet: Clydesdale / United Kingdom (Horse)
615:
The Clydesdale contributed to the development of the
257:
in parades or processions. In the United States the
1806:
503:Clydesdales have been identified to be at risk for
833:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 133–134.
691:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed April 2020.
1374:. University of California, Davis. Archived from
2113:
436:. Beginning in the 1940s, breeding animals were
397:In 2010 the Clydesdale was listed as "watch" by
649:Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007).
150:Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society Australia
1792:
1516:
1120:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from
991:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from
873:"A Scottish Authority on the Premium System"
583:
297:were imported to Scotland and bred to local
824:
822:
1799:
1785:
1523:
1509:
1348:. Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
1313:
1285:. Princeton University Press. p. 52.
1144:"Conservation Priority Equine Breeds 2010"
947:
945:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
860:. London, Vinton & Co. pp. 75–76.
831:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
803:. Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
729:
727:
725:
38:
1256:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society.
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
879:. Government Printing Bureau. p. 73.
870:
828:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
1278:
1272:
819:
542:
534:
462:
411:
375:
272:
1168:
983:
981:
956:. Storey Publishing. pp. 348–351.
900:
883:
853:
733:
722:
568:first formed these teams at the end of
14:
2114:
1496:Clydesdale Horse Association of Canada
951:
922:
784:
701:
699:
697:
388:
380:Clydesdales, Australia (ca. 1925-1957)
198:, a region of Scotland centred on the
1780:
1504:
1490:Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society
1452:
1260:from the original on 19 February 2011
1065:
764:
762:
760:
758:
364:had the conscription of thousands of
2127:Horse breeds originating in Scotland
978:
711:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
2142:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist
857:Heavy Horses: Breeds and Management
772:. International Museum of the Horse
694:
682:
643:
445:, broad forehead, and wide muzzle.
24:
1446:
755:
670:
407:
25:
2158:
1532:Horse breeds of the British Isles
1472:
456:and legs, as well as the general
226:, and because of the increasing
1808:Scottish domestic animal breeds
1416:
1390:
1364:
1338:
1307:
1246:
1220:
1200:
1136:
1110:
1092:"Our History - 1970 to present"
1084:
1059:
1033:
1007:
864:
56:(2007): not at risk (worldwide)
1485:Clydesdale Breeders of the USA
1453:Smith, Donna Campbell (2007).
877:General convention, Issues 1–3
847:
505:chronic progressive lymphedema
13:
1:
1314:Roy, Bruce (16 August 2010).
906:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
636:
277:Stallion, New Zealand (1900s)
155:Clydesdale Horse Society (UK)
1457:. Globe Pequot. p. 20.
1176:"Conservation Priority List"
1041:"Our History - 1900 to 1930"
467:A Clydesdale's feathered leg
228:mechanisation of agriculture
7:
1959:West Highland White Terrier
741:. New York: DK Publishing.
622:
500:are increasingly accepted.
349:blood into the Clydesdale.
209:stallions were imported to
124:, brown or roan with white
62:(2020): at risk (worldwide)
10:
2163:
1066:Hayes, M. Horace (2003) .
829:Hendricks, Bonnie (2007).
371:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
268:
245:. It is now principally a
232:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
2045:
2019:
2003:
1967:
1881:
1833:
1814:
1765:
1727:
1694:
1606:
1538:
1213:The Livestock conservancy
1181:The Livestock Conservancy
871:McNeilage, Arch. (1904).
584:Influence on other breeds
547:The Budweiser Clydesdales
519:limbs that is similar to
399:The Livestock Conservancy
241:, both in farming and in
194:. It takes its name from
163:
145:
140:
132:
116:
102:
88:
83:
75:
46:
37:
1818:These are the principal
1479:Clydesdale Horse Society
1279:Rousseau, Élise (2017).
854:Biddell, Herman (1894).
667:. Accessed January 2017.
471:Clydesdales are usually
1346:"The Modern Clydesdale"
1320:The Draft Horse Journal
952:Dutson, Judith (2005).
530:
133:Distinguishing features
68:(2020): vulnerable (UK)
1909:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
902:Edwards, Elwyn Hartley
739:The Horse Encyclopedia
735:Edwards, Elwyn Hartley
595:tied-in below the knee
548:
540:
468:
417:
381:
309:stallion owned by the
278:
2073:North Country Cheviot
1757:Yorkshire Coach Horse
1118:"Watchlist - Equines"
562:Budweiser Clydesdales
546:
539:Clydesdale in harness
538:
487:on their lower legs.
466:
415:
379:
276:
263:matched team of eight
1768:List of horse breeds
1616:British Spotted Pony
1156:on 23 September 2020
475:or brown in colour.
230:. By the 1970s, the
170:Equus ferus caballus
1424:"Foundation Breeds"
1326:on 24 December 2012
1282:Horses of the World
1098:on 19 February 2011
1068:Points of the Horse
1047:on 19 February 2011
1021:on 19 February 2011
807:on 9 September 2013
389:Conservation status
301:. These included a
47:Conservation status
34:
2083:Scottish Blackface
1944:Scottish Deerhound
1378:on 3 February 2013
1352:on 3 February 2015
1228:"Clydesdale horse"
602:Australian Draught
549:
541:
521:chronic lymphedema
497:soundness problems
469:
418:
382:
335:Through extensive
279:
32:
18:Clydesdale (horse)
2132:South Lanarkshire
2106:
2105:
2058:Castlemilk Moorit
1949:Shetland Sheepdog
1774:
1773:
1752:Old English Black
1578:Irish Sport Horse
1548:British Warmblood
1464:978-1-59228-979-0
1254:"Breed Standards"
1188:on 15 August 2024
1124:on 25 August 2011
1077:978-1-59333-000-2
840:978-0-8061-3884-8
566:Budweiser Brewery
180:
179:
76:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
2154:
2088:Scottish Dunface
2078:North Ronaldsay
1939:Scottish Terrier
1914:Golden Retriever
1801:
1794:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1468:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1404:on 7 August 2017
1400:. Archived from
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1322:. Archived from
1311:
1305:
1304:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1234:on 12 March 2013
1224:
1218:
1217:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1184:. Archived from
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
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1103:
1088:
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1057:
1056:
1054:
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1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
995:on 24 March 2009
985:
976:
975:
949:
920:
919:
898:
881:
880:
868:
862:
861:
851:
845:
844:
826:
817:
816:
814:
812:
797:
782:
781:
779:
777:
766:
753:
752:
731:
720:
703:
692:
689:Equine watchlist
686:
680:
674:
668:
647:
311:Duke of Hamilton
172:
42:
35:
31:
21:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2041:
2015:
1999:
1963:
1924:Paisley Terrier
1877:
1853:Belted Galloway
1829:
1824:domestic animal
1810:
1805:
1775:
1770:
1761:
1747:Norfolk Trotter
1723:
1690:
1602:
1534:
1529:
1475:
1465:
1449:
1447:Further reading
1444:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1430:on 11 July 2011
1422:
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1407:
1405:
1396:
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987:
986:
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923:
916:
899:
884:
869:
865:
852:
848:
841:
827:
820:
810:
808:
801:"Breed History"
799:
798:
785:
775:
773:
768:
767:
756:
749:
732:
723:
704:
695:
687:
683:
675:
671:
648:
644:
639:
625:
586:
533:
434:Belgian Draught
410:
408:Characteristics
391:
362:First World War
293:stock from the
271:
265:for publicity.
261:brewery uses a
224:First World War
176:
168:
159:
141:Breed standards
112:
98:
71:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2160:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
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2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
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2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2037:Shetland Goose
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
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1965:
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1956:
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1946:
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1931:
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2122:Horse breeds
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1980:Eriskay Pony
1974:
1954:Skye Terrier
1929:Rough Collie
1719:Windsor Grey
1593:Thoroughbred
1557:
1454:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:the original
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
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1324:the original
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1262:. Retrieved
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1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
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1211:
1208:"Clydesdale"
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
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1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1151:the original
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:the original
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993:the original
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805:the original
774:. Retrieved
770:"Clydesdale"
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249:. It may be
243:road haulage
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29:
2027:Scots Dumpy
1742:Irish Hobby
1492:(Australia)
1330:11 February
989:"Watchlist"
811:4 September
776:4 September
653:, annex to
630:The Kelpies
617:Gypsy horse
570:Prohibition
416:Clydesdales
318:coach horse
200:River Clyde
95:700–1000 kg
27:Horse breed
2116:Categories
2032:Scots Grey
1975:Clydesdale
1671:New Forest
1558:Clydesdale
1481:(Scotland)
1434:25 January
1356:25 January
1238:31 January
1160:24 January
1128:24 January
1102:25 January
1051:25 January
1025:25 January
999:24 January
637:References
609:Dales Pony
485:feathering
443:Roman nose
307:dark-brown
196:Clydesdale
184:Clydesdale
109:167–183 cm
33:Clydesdale
2068:Hebridean
1661:Kerry Bog
1621:Connemara
1598:Welsh Cob
1563:Gypsy Cob
1301:26939697M
1264:2 January
1192:19 August
489:Cow hocks
430:Percheron
342:stud book
283:stallions
2093:Shetland
1873:Shetland
1863:Highland
1858:Galloway
1848:Ayrshire
1676:Shetland
1656:Highland
1631:Dartmoor
1258:Archived
972:3406094M
904:(1994).
737:(2016).
623:See also
513:fibrosis
458:movement
438:selected
287:Friesian
211:Scotland
120:Usually
79:Scotland
2063:Cheviot
2053:Boreray
2020:Poultry
1729:Extinct
1651:Hackney
1636:Eriskay
1568:Hackney
1408:6 April
450:withers
291:Flemish
269:History
207:Flemish
1968:Horses
1835:Cattle
1820:breeds
1714:Hunter
1681:Welara
1641:Exmoor
1608:Ponies
1540:Horses
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1382:22 May
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564:. The
517:distal
511:, and
454:hooves
432:, and
366:horses
255:driven
251:ridden
117:Colour
103:Height
89:Weight
84:Traits
60:DAD-IS
2046:Sheep
2011:Grice
1868:Luing
1696:Types
1686:Welsh
1666:Lundy
1626:Dales
1583:Shire
1154:(PDF)
1147:(PDF)
576:with
554:shown
525:mange
477:Roans
426:Shire
347:Shire
322:filly
303:black
299:mares
215:Shire
188:breed
126:blaze
2098:Soay
2004:Pigs
1882:Dogs
1709:Hack
1646:Fell
1459:ISBN
1436:2011
1410:2017
1384:2010
1358:2011
1332:2011
1287:ISBN
1266:2024
1240:2011
1194:2024
1162:2011
1130:2011
1104:2011
1072:ISBN
1053:2011
1027:2011
1001:2011
958:ISBN
910:ISBN
835:ISBN
813:2013
778:2013
743:ISBN
713:ISBN
661:ISBN
600:The
531:Uses
420:The
360:The
289:and
182:The
66:RBST
1822:of
1704:Cob
574:bay
515:of
473:bay
285:of
253:or
190:of
122:bay
54:FAO
2118::
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1297:OL
1295:.
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980:^
968:OL
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
