Stephen Mallory - Knowledge

502:

following which Mallory replied in what his biographers describe as "probably his most effective speech in the Senate." One segment of his talk presented the rationale of the slave-holders in their unwillingness to accept majority rule. Addressing the question whether the constitution had been ratified by "the people," he said: "States have conferred, and may at any time confer, their whole political power on a minority. They may make disqualifications dependent upon the tenure of freehold estate, upon the payment of tax, upon militia duty, or upon the color of skin; but whoever the State chooses to confer her political authority upon, are the people." He foresaw the decline in relative power of the slave-holding states, although at this time he did not believe it would necessarily lead to secession. He concluded his remarks by a pledge to follow the South whatever happened: "It is not for me to indicate the path she may, in her wisdom, pursue; but, sir, ... my whole heart is with her, and she will find me treading it with undivided affections."

617:

by promising that men resigning from the U.S. Navy would enter the CS Navy at their old rank. Hoping to avoid the stagnation that was the result of the former promotion process, Mallory proposed that promotion should depend solely on "gallant or meritorious conduct during the war." His proposal was quickly made into law by the Confederate Congress. Still not completely satisfied, in 1863 Mallory initiated the creation of a Provisional Navy, which in effect established two officer corps. The officers whom Mallory or his advisers deemed incapable of combat were retained in the Regular Navy, while young and presumably more aggressive officers would transfer to the Provisional Navy. Officers for fighting ships would be drawn from the Provisional Navy, and they could be promoted without regard for seniority if they served with distinction.

269:. He held the position throughout the existence of the Confederacy. Because of indifference to naval matters by most others in the Confederacy, Mallory was able to shape the Confederate Navy according to the principles he had learned while serving in the U.S. Senate. Some of his ideas, such as the incorporation of armor into warship construction, were quite successful and became standard in navies around the world. On the other hand, the navy was often handicapped by administrative ineptitude in the Navy Department. During the war, he was weakened politically by a Congressional investigation into the Navy Department for its failure in defense of New Orleans. After months of taking testimony, the investigating committee concluded that it had no evidence of wrongdoing on his part. 463:

ill, were forgotten when he turned his energies to the second of President Fillmore's proposals, that of reforming the officer corps of the Navy. He was by this time chairman of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, and the law that Congress passed was recognized as coming from his hand. It established a Retirement Board of senior naval officers, who examined the qualifications of all other commissioned officers. Those who were deemed incapable or unworthy of their rank were placed on a retired list, the first compulsory retirement in the history of the U.S. Navy. By most accounts, the board did its work creditably, but many of the officers who were adversely affected did not agree. Among those who were forced into early retirement was

672:

individually so far superior to their opponents as to dominate. In his words, "The perfection of a warship would doubtless be a combination of the greatest known ocean speed with the greatest known floating battery and power of resistance." He hoped that armored warships would prove to be the "ultimate weapon." He did not anticipate that his opponents would also produce armored vessels, which rapidly became important parts of both navies. Furthermore, other navies, notably Great Britain and France, stepped up the conversions of their own fleets from wood to iron. Certainly, the change was under way even before the Civil War broke out; his legacy consists in forcing the change to be made sooner than would otherwise have been done.

459:, in his Message to Congress of December 13, 1851, recommended Congressional action on two issues. First was the problem of what to do with ineffective officers in the Navy. At the time, promotion was based solely on seniority, and no policy existed for removing officers who could not or would not fulfill their duties. Second was the issue of discipline in the enlisted rates. The practice of flogging had been outlawed in the previous Congress, and many of the old captains believed discipline on their warships was deteriorating; they wanted a return to the old ways or at least a reasonable substitute that would enable them to exert their authority. 236: 2767: 2418: 51: 3119: 833:

shipyards in both Britain and France to build rams to Confederate naval specifications, but their ultimate purpose could not be disguised. They therefore directly violated the neutrality laws, and American (that is, Union) officials immediately informed the governments of their existence. For a while, Her Majesty's Government chose to turn a blind eye on developments, but the Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg caused them to reconsider. On September 5, 1863, Ambassador

467:, too crippled to go to sea, but whose study of ocean currents formed the basis for the new science of oceanography. Maury and some of the other retirees enlisted other senators to support their cases, and the debate was renewed. In the end, however, Mallory's views prevailed, a testimonial to his parliamentary skills. The enmity between Maury and Mallory lasted the remainder of their lives and distorted their performance in the Civil War when both men sided with the South. 6209: 408:, for the purpose of defining a common course of action for all Southern (slave-holding) states. Although Mallory had held no statewide offices, he was regarded as sufficiently powerful in the state Democratic Party to be chosen as an alternate delegate to the convention. Personal considerations kept him from attending, but he expressed his agreement with the purposes of the convention in a letter that was widely reprinted in the Florida newspapers. 6219: 540: 663:, avoided the Union blockade at New Orleans on June 30, 1861. From then until after the war was over, the small group of raiders plundered Union shipping, inflicting damage on the American Merchant Marine that persists to the present day. They failed of their primary purpose, however, because Welles maintained the Union blockade, and international trade continued as before, carried in ships flying foreign flags. 258:. For much of that period, he was chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. It was a time of rapid naval reform, and he insisted that the ships of the U.S. Navy should be as capable as those of Britain and France, the foremost navies in the world at that time. He also wrote a bill and guided it through Congress to provide for compulsory retirement of officers who did not meet the standards of the profession. 359:. Because of its geographical position, Key West was often sought as a port of refuge for ships caught in storms and was for the same reason near frequent shipwrecks. Marvin was recognized as an authority on maritime law, particularly applied to laws of wreck and salvage, and Mallory argued many admiralty cases before him. He was reputed to be one of the best young trial lawyers in the state. 771:, when the fate of New Orleans was decided, and she was then blown up rather than be surrendered. No parties in the Confederacy acquitted themselves well in the three losses, but Mallory must bear a large part of the blame. Poor administration is among the foremost reasons for the delays that hindered completion of the vessels. By failing to prioritize their construction, he allowed 613:. Porter served as Chief Naval Constructor, without title from the start until the position was officially established in 1863, and thereafter with title until the end of the war. A few other functions lay outside the bureau system: a small Marine Corps, a few men who were sent to Europe to acquire vessels there and who reported directly to Mallory, and a Torpedo Bureau. 609:

organized into separate offices, equivalent to the bureau system of the United States Navy; whereas the U.S. Navy had five bureaus, the Confederate Navy had only four: Orders and Detail (dealing with personnel), Provisions and Clothing, Medicine and Surgery, and Ordnance and Hydrography. Although there was no Office of Construction and Repair, its function was met by

471:

in the world, were in the process of converting their fleets from sail to steam, and from paddles to screws. In 1853, the committee recommended passage of a bill providing for the addition of six new screw frigates to the fleet; when delivered, some considered them to be the best frigates in the world. In 1857, his committee persuaded the Senate to authorize twelve

903:, the first ship to be sunk by a submarine. The Navy Department had not provided active support for Lee's experiments, but their successful result led to the use of spar torpedoes on ships throughout the fleet. (Less favorably for the Rebel cause, spar torpedoes were also immediately adopted by the Union Navy, and one was used in October 1864 to sink the ironclad 223: 652:. Issuance of the letters was not in the purview of the Navy Department, but Mallory was aware of them and saw them as part of his plan. For several reasons, the privateers did not have the success that was hoped for. Although they ventured out throughout the war, they had only fleeting success, and that had ceased by the end of the first year. 977:

radicals were able to force the government to prosecute those who had led the war against the Union. Mallory was one of the Confederate leaders who were charged with treason, among other things; on May 20, 1865, while he was still at La Grange, he was roused from his sleep at about midnight and taken into custody. From there he was taken to

721:), which had grounded in the attempt to get into action. The damages she suffered were negligible. In that first day of the battle, she had demonstrated the basic validity of Mallory's belief that armored warships could destroy the best wooden ships and were almost impervious to damage in return. As is well known, when 281:. He returned to Florida, where he supported his family in his final years by again practicing law. Unable to hold elective office by the terms of his parole, he continued to make his opinions known by writing letters to newspapers. His health began to deteriorate although he was not incapacitated until the very end. 801:. North was a disappointment, but Bulloch proved to be one of the most effective agents for the Confederacy in Europe. He sought diligently and discreetly in England to acquire ships for the purposes of his government while working within or around the framework of the neutrality laws of the host nation. 1760:

With little evidence in support, naval theorists in the mid-nineteenth century thought that the primary weapon of armored ships should be a reinforced bow that would enable them to destroy enemy ships by ramming. Ram bows became a standard feature of warships built almost to the start of World War I,

1017:

He had long suffered occasional attacks of gout, and these continued to plague him in the postwar years. In the winter of 1871–1872 he began to complain of his heart, and his health began to deteriorate. Still, he remained active, and the end came rather quickly. He is said to have been "listless" on

841:

informing him that the first of the ironclads was about to leave, and that "it would be superfluous in me to point out to your Lordship that this means war." The ship was not permitted to leave and was later seized for the Royal Navy. As the French government had implicitly agreed to follow Britain's

616:

At the start, the Confederate Navy faced one of the problems that Mallory had encountered when he was chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs: an overabundance of high-ranking officers who were too old to go to sea. This came about because the Confederacy had created its navy

478:

Another innovation that was being considered was that of armor. Mallory was here somewhat ahead of his time, enthusiastically supporting iron cladding for ships before the fledgling metals industry in the country could supply it in the requisite quantities. No armored vessels were commissioned while

446:

Indians, although the problem seems to have been overstated. His bills would provide compensation for persons who had suffered from the depredations of Indian raids and would further the process of removing the aborigines from the state. He also introduced bills that provided for marine hospitals in

437:

can be described as the typical sponsorship of legislation that would benefit his state. With his sponsorship, the Senate passed a bill that would aid railroads in Florida, and another that would sell off some of the live oak reservations maintained by the Federal government for the Navy; both bills

420:

expired in 1850. He sought reappointment, but he had aligned himself too strongly with the Fire-eaters, and also had antagonized some commercial interests in the state. The moderates who favored working within the Union still dominated Florida politics, and they successfully sought to put Mallory in

984:

For several months, the demand of the public for vengeance increased, so that Mallory feared that he would face the death penalty if convicted. However, no bill of particulars to specify precisely which of his acts constituted treason was ever presented, and it became increasingly clear that no one

850:

The Civil War provided a testing ground for numerous innovations in warfare, and Mallory was in position to provide support for many of them. His advocacy of armored vessels has been described and is the development most closely associated with his name, but he encouraged the development of several

671:

No other aspect of Mallory's tenure as Secretary of the Navy is better known than his advocacy of armored vessels. He argued that the Confederacy could never produce enough ships to compete with the industrial Union on a ship-by-ship basis. As he saw it, the South should build a few ships that were

470:

Mallory's tenure on the Committee on Naval Affairs came during a time of great innovation in naval warfare. He kept abreast of developments in other navies, and he made sure that the U.S. Navy would incorporate the latest thinking into its new ships. Britain and France, then the two foremost navies

462:

Mallory's first major speech in Congress was in favor of a return to flogging, which he argued was needed in order that a captain would be able to control his seamen in battle. His position was unpopular throughout the nation, and Congress refused to lift the ban. His views on flogging, for good or

513:

took office, parties in the seceding states disagreed over the proper course of action concerning the forts within their domains. In Florida, three forts remained in the possession of the United States Army: Fort Zachary Taylor at Key West, Fort Jefferson in the Dry Tortugas, and Fort Pickens near

858:

The torpedo office, officially named the Submarine Battery Service, developed underwater explosive devices, known as "torpedoes" at that time but as "mines" today. The office was initially led by Mallory's enemy Matthew Fontaine Maury, and later by Lieutenant Hunter Davidson. The first ship to be

578:

The governmental structure of the newly formed Confederate States of America was very much like that of the parent United States. The executive branch was partitioned into several departments, each headed by a secretary or equivalent who would advise the president. The constitution provided for a

501:

would allow slavery in Kansas, and citizens who were against extending the practice into new territories seized upon the widespread irregularities in the adoption procedure to oppose it. Senator Preston King of New York mounted a two-hour attack on the constitution and Southern policy in general,

938:

The investigation may have weakened Mallory politically and certainly diverted him from other duties, but it was not enough to drive him from office. Perhaps because there was no one to replace him and perhaps because he absorbed shafts that were aimed at the president, Davis retained him in the

2104:

History of the Confederate States Navy from Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel; Its Stupendous Struggle with the Great Navy of the United States, the Engagements Fought in the Rivers and Harbors of the South and upon the High Seas, Blockade-Running, First Use of Iron-Clads and

989:

directly, and enlisted the support of some of his former colleagues in the Senate. His wife Angela visited Washington and importuned President Johnson and other persons who had influence. Johnson was already quite lenient in granting pardons, and the popular clamor for harsh punishment began to

918:

The loss of New Orleans came as a tremendous shock to the Confederacy, and a spate of recriminations followed. Members of Congress, noting the failure of the ironclads, blamed the navy in particular, and suggested that there was no need for a separate Navy Department. Hoping to forestall such a

832:

Efforts to purchase or have built ironclad warships were unsuccessful despite Bulloch's best efforts. Buying them was never seriously considered, as the Royal Navy would not care to give any of its best ships to a foreign power, no matter how favorably disposed. Contracts were made with private

505:

Despite his willing adherence to the Southern position on the issues that were dividing the country, Mallory was not prominent in the secession movement. He advocated reconciliation almost up to the moment that Florida passed its ordinance of secession. That occurred on January 10, 1861, making

483:

after its designer and builder Robert L. Stevens, it had been laid down in 1842 but was still incomplete in 1853, when Mallory gave his argument. His pleading was unsuccessful in that the Senate did not agree to continue funding the project, but in his supporting speech he expressed some of the

1009:

By the terms of his parole, Mallory was not permitted to hold public office, so he made a living by reopening his old law practice. Nominally excluded from politics, he managed to make his views known by writing letters and editorials for Florida newspapers. At first he urged acceptance of the

976:

A large part of the population of the Northern states believed that the Davis government was somehow involved in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, and although there was no evidence of their complicity, it was a political reality that had to be dealt with. One result was that the political

608:

As few other persons in the Confederate government were interested in naval matters, Mallory had almost free rein to shape the department, as well as the navy it controlled, according to his own views. The result was very much the product of his prior experience. The Department of the Navy was

599:

Mallory's nomination as Secretary of the Navy was submitted to the Provisional Congress as soon as the act establishing a navy was passed. Despite his evident qualifications, it drew significant opposition; his detractors cited the Fort Pickens incident as evidence that he was not strongly

985:

in the Confederate government was guilty of assassinating the former president. The period for extracting vengeance passed with no one put on trial, and hope was revived. From his prison cell, Mallory began to write letters in a personal campaign to gain release. He petitioned President

643:

From the start, one of the main efforts of the Confederate Navy was to counter the blockade of its ports by the Union Navy. Mallory believed that by attacking the merchant shipping that carried trade to Northern ports he could force his Union counterpart, Secretary of the Navy

783:

while letting problems concerning the other ships go unresolved. And because he accepted the role implicitly assigned to his service as secondary to the Army, the Navy had to work with only the materials and funds that were left over after the Army had satisfied its needs.

514:

Pensacola. Some of the most strident secessionists proposed that they be taken over immediately, by force if needed, beginning with Fort Pickens. Cooler heads hoped to avoid bloodshed and gain possession by negotiation; they made much of the conciliatory words of

655:

He was more directly involved in the activities of the commissioned raiders, ships of the Confederate States Navy that were sent out to destroy rather than capture enemy commerce. He first proposed their use as early as April 18, 1861. The first raider,

1639:

ORN, ser. II, vol. 2, p. 51. Mallory, Report of the Secretary of the Navy to the President, April 26, 1861. Note that his ideal warship, combining speed, firepower, and armor, was not achieved until the 1930s, at the end of the battleship era. Tucker,

935:, chairman of the Naval Affairs Committee, who was not a member of the investigating committee but who did appear as a prosecution witness. The committee continued to meet for more than six months, and ended with no finding of neglect or malfeasance. 496:

Representing as he did a state in the Deep South, Mallory could hardly have avoided taking a public stance on the issues that were tearing the nation apart. The occasion arose when the Senate considered the admission of Kansas to the Union. Its

1053:, p. 11n, asserts that Mallory in his childhood diary wrote that his age was nine when he began school in 1820. Most historians favor the later date, but they acknowledge that records are lacking. Mallory's tombstone in St. Michael's Cemetery, 792:

The backward condition of shipyards in the seceding states convinced Mallory that he would have to look abroad to obtain the vessels that he thought would be able to challenge the U.S. Navy. He selected two men as his primary representatives:

689:

had been raised at Gosport (Norfolk) Navy Yard, and an armored casemate built on her hull. For armament, she carried 12 guns. She was also fitted with an iron ram. On March 8, 1862, she attacked the Union fleet enforcing the blockade at

851:

other weapons. For example, he favored the use of rifled guns, as opposed to the smoothbore muzzle loaders used in the Union Navy. The favored gun was a rifle designed by the head of his Office of Ordnance and Hydrography, Lieutenant

620:

Mallory also was able to shape naval policy and doctrine. After viewing the disparity between the shipbuilding and other manufacturing facilities of the Confederacy and those of the Union, he set forth a fourfold plan for the navy:

742:, most other Confederate ironclads had at best-limited success, and many were complete failures. Particularly embarrassing were four that were contracted to be built for service on the Mississippi River. Of the four, only one, 587:. He was chosen for two principal reasons: first, he had extensive experience with nautical affairs, both in his boyhood home of Key West and later in Washington; and second, he was from Florida. In a bow to the principle of 530:

seemed to agree. In the end, the moderates won out, and no attack was made on Fort Pickens. Although Mallory was hardly alone, his political opponents later used his perceived pro-Union stance as an excuse to attack him.

276:

at the end of the war, and he and several of his colleagues in the cabinet were imprisoned and charged with treason. After more than a year in prison, the public mood had softened, and he was granted parole by President

1340:, p. 38. His speech cannot be termed an oration. Although the language was sometimes floral in the manner of the time, his voice was so low that at one point he had to be interrupted by a request that he speak louder. 595:

around among the seceding states. Although the requirement of geographical representation sometimes meant that the occupant would not be the best person available, the selection process worked well in Mallory's case.

6258: 347:, he had only praise for the education he received at the academy. After about three years, his mother could no longer afford to pay his tuition, so in 1829 his schooling ended and he returned home. 6333: 919:

proposal, Mallory was able to persuade the Congress instead to investigate the conduct of the department. Each house put five of its members on the investigating committee. The chairman, Senator

3251: 479:

he was in the Senate, but whatever fault there was lay elsewhere. He spoke up for extending appropriations for an armored vessel that was intended for the defense of New York Harbor; named the

648:, to divert his own small fleet to defend against the raiders. In the early days of the war, the Confederacy tried to enlist the services of private shipowners in the service by offering 939:

cabinet until the end of the war. After the surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox, Mallory remained with Davis and the other cabinet members as they fled deeper into the South, first to

1006:, who received him cordially. He got permission to return to Florida; his return was somewhat delayed by problems with his health, but on July 19 he arrived at his home in Pensacola. 5867: 6186: 6013: 3728: 990:

recede by the end of the year. On March 10, 1866, Johnson granted Mallory a "partial parole." Although he was no longer in jail, he was required to stay with his daughter in

6273: 2309: 1027: 6298: 1113:, pp. 10–11. In the absence of law schools, "reading law" under the tutelage of a practicing member was the customary method of preparing for entry into the profession. 421:

place of the radical Yulee. The selection process in the Florida state legislature was somewhat irregular, and Yulee protested, carrying his protest all the way to the

735:. The two armored vessels fought inconclusively, demonstrating the flaw in Mallory's argument: an ultimate weapon is truly decisive only if one side does not have it. 506:

Florida the third state (behind South Carolina and Mississippi) to leave the Union. On January 21, Mallory delivered his farewell speech in the United States Senate.

331:, but his education was interrupted by his father's death. His elder brother John also died about this time. To support herself and her surviving son, Ellen opened a 2560: 370:, and Attila ("Attie"). Buddy followed his father into politics, and he would eventually also serve as U.S. Senator from Florida. Angela Moreno was the cousin of 5696: 1002:

In June 1866, Mallory visited Washington, where he called on many of his old friends and political adversaries, including President Johnson and Secretary of War

526:, and the two senators from Alabama sent telegrams to their respective governors urging caution. Other Southern senators lent their support, and President-elect 5151: 5146: 5156: 1148:

Clubbs, Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 232, 235, 236–237, 240. While serving as judge, the name of the court was changed to Probate Court.

6293: 5917: 5806: 5791: 3635: 5583: 5503: 4031: 3099: 3765: 1018:

November 8, 1873, and that night he began to fail. On the morning of November 9 he died. He was buried in St. Michael's Cemetery, Pensacola, Florida.

5611: 3330: 2302: 4026: 2570: 5801: 5776: 5578: 5486: 4036: 3770: 366:. Their marriage produced nine children, five of whom died young; surviving into adulthood were daughters Margaret ("Maggie") and Ruby, and sons 1070:

Some historians (Durkin, Luraghi, Wise) write that the father's given name was John, others (Scharf, Underwood) that it was Charles. Underwood,

866:, on December 12, 1862. Subsequently, more vessels of all types were lost in combat to mines and torpedoes than from all other causes combined. 5628: 5271: 4660: 4539: 3087: 931:, a persistent critic of secession and everything that the entire Davis administration had done. Also weighing in against Mallory was Senator 6155: 5513: 5266: 5261: 4687: 2553: 6288: 4519: 3589: 3158: 3083: 2295: 592: 6076: 5606: 4655: 4414: 3118: 2318: 2216: 6263: 6170: 6033: 6018: 4449: 4065: 425:

itself. That body determined that the Florida legislature had acted within its authority in certifying Mallory, and so he was seated.

377:

Mallory held a few minor public offices, beginning in 1832 with his selection as town marshal. One of his first paid positions was as

6303: 6253: 6023: 5786: 5756: 5394: 5323: 4021: 4016: 829:. Probably Mallory would have liked to have more, but the record shows that the few that were commissioned were more than adequate. 5937: 5872: 4574: 4549: 3785: 3760: 3710: 3690: 3232: 2546: 2256: 855:. The Brooke rifle gave Rebel gunners a qualitative advantage over their Yankee counterparts that persisted to the end of the war. 584: 485: 62: 6140: 6115: 5831: 5528: 5424: 5276: 4609: 4489: 3700: 1011: 4499: 779:

to compete for scarce resources. Because he did not delegate responsibility, he was swamped with details of the construction of

6323: 6081: 5826: 4569: 4564: 4239: 2798: 768: 439: 289: 222: 4409: 362:

His career prospering, in 1838 Mallory courted and wed Angela Moreno, a member of a wealthy Spanish-speaking family living in

5653: 4645: 4640: 4504: 4404: 3655: 3323: 3127: 2646: 2766: 6328: 5912: 5616: 5588: 4827: 4635: 4604: 4534: 4394: 3968: 2596: 2586: 1794:

The cover of Underwood's biography of the man shows his portrait against the backdrop of the battle between the ironclads

6313: 5902: 5892: 5543: 5251: 4614: 4579: 4474: 4052: 3270: 3189: 3074: 3041: 4529: 6053: 6043: 6028: 5796: 5621: 4650: 4599: 4544: 4509: 4494: 4484: 4469: 4444: 4399: 4384: 4319: 4196: 3645: 3296: 1909:

encounter fail to mention that the former was actually traveling on the surface at the time of the attack. See Tucker,

544: 17: 1386:, p. 67. Two other forts near Pensacola, Forts Barrancas and McRee, were occupied by Florida militia without incident. 6318: 6165: 6048: 6038: 5766: 5362: 5256: 5133: 4630: 4594: 4514: 4454: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4379: 3810: 3802: 3680: 3624: 2161: 2147: 2133: 2119: 2090: 2072: 2058: 2045: 6268: 4559: 4524: 4464: 4419: 3582: 3316: 2538: 1058: 519: 203: 6308: 6125: 6110: 5992: 5952: 5851: 5836: 5821: 5816: 5648: 5553: 4584: 4479: 4439: 4160: 3996: 2636: 2626: 2611: 2128:

Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1971; reprint, Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1985.

2417: 6150: 5469: 5233: 4589: 4554: 4459: 4165: 3695: 455:

Mallory was placed on the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs. His assignment became significant when President

312:, in 1812. His parents were Charles and Ellen Mallory. His father was a construction engineer originally from 261:

Although he was not a leader in the secession movement, Mallory followed his state out of the Union. When the

5508: 5429: 5246: 4712: 4170: 3978: 3359: 2923: 2281:

1. Because of Florida's secession, the Senate seat was vacant for seven years before Welch succeeded Mallory.

262: 1352:, 35th Congress, 1st session, p. 1136–1140 (March 16, 1858). Mallory's revised remarks also can be found in 5781: 5523: 5313: 5288: 5000: 4075: 3780: 3720: 6212: 5960: 5711: 5548: 5538: 5533: 5491: 4915: 4214: 3665: 3575: 6278: 6103: 5691: 5518: 5401: 5379: 5308: 5223: 4284: 4085: 3963: 3945: 3541: 2507: 2502: 944: 6222: 6135: 6091: 5897: 5679: 5481: 5454: 5434: 5335: 5141: 5046: 4344: 4259: 4175: 3825: 3750: 2783: 952: 948: 834: 6283: 6098: 5982: 5907: 5882: 5877: 5841: 5761: 5459: 5444: 5025: 4309: 4274: 4209: 4150: 4145: 3875: 3052: 2174: 891: 749:, entered into combat in the way that was intended, with full crew and under steam. Of the others, 2182: 6086: 5706: 5674: 5669: 5367: 5340: 4732: 4229: 4219: 3991: 3986: 3840: 3475: 3340: 3067: 2154:

Stephen Russell Mallory: a Biography of the Confederate Navy Secretary and United States Senator.

991: 798: 750: 691: 385:

appointed him Collector of Customs. Before his marriage, he joined the Army and took part in the

631:

3. Obtain by purchase or construction abroad armored ships capable of fighting on the open seas.

6071: 5771: 5345: 4935: 4772: 4747: 4279: 4180: 4095: 3835: 3744: 3374: 2736: 2606: 1835:, p. 149. The Torpedo Bureau, with which the Service cooperated, was run by the War Department. 920: 794: 498: 464: 390: 340: 5987: 5887: 5701: 5350: 5303: 5213: 5181: 4888: 4878: 4324: 4314: 4299: 4249: 4204: 3860: 3845: 3738: 3443: 3166: 3107: 2731: 2188: 1574: 897: 805: 703: 649: 568: 552: 293: 235: 6248: 6243: 6145: 5997: 5970: 5439: 5218: 5201: 4858: 4354: 4339: 4334: 4304: 4289: 4269: 3887: 3791: 3675: 3467: 3221: 2966: 2818: 2681: 2200: 1586: 1304: 716: 683: 434: 422: 405: 401: 313: 251: 110: 1481:, p. 87. The Torpedo Bureau was headed initially by Mallory's antagonist Matthew F. Maury. 1310:, would later become more closely identified with Mallory's vision of the maritime future. 442:. He was more successful with bills aimed at prosecuting the ongoing campaign against the 8: 6130: 5922: 5811: 5685: 5330: 5283: 5030: 4990: 4975: 4868: 4717: 4389: 4349: 4224: 4185: 4155: 4110: 4070: 3670: 3660: 3435: 3354: 3141: 2971: 2961: 2661: 2482: 2472: 2467: 2083:

Marina del Sud: storia della marina confederate nella Guerra Civile Americana, 1861–1865.

956: 924: 870: 710: 447:

port cities in Florida. None of this would have been considered exceptional for the era.

309: 180: 175: 374:, future Confederate Paymaster and agent in Europe, born like her in 1815 in Pensacola. 5976: 5846: 5372: 5357: 5238: 5196: 5168: 5005: 4970: 4817: 4777: 4294: 4264: 4254: 4130: 4125: 4105: 4100: 4080: 3830: 3733: 3650: 3598: 3491: 3459: 3209: 3060: 2813: 2751: 2726: 2701: 2621: 2616: 2477: 2462: 2382: 1568: 1054: 960: 940: 852: 812: 556: 397: 367: 363: 285: 273: 255: 193: 31: 4950: 2287: 1768:

was often referred to as a ram, as if that were her most significant feature. Tucker,

1222:

His other initial committee assignment was to the minor Committee on Engrossed Bills.

50: 6218: 5474: 5076: 5010: 4945: 4848: 4767: 4727: 4329: 4135: 4090: 3705: 3556: 3546: 3499: 3451: 3369: 3278: 3203: 3197: 3147: 2913: 2903: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2833: 2716: 2691: 2676: 2157: 2143: 2129: 2115: 2086: 2068: 2054: 2041: 1426: 932: 884: 838: 699: 588: 560: 548: 515: 378: 324: 2568: 1883:

G. J. Rains, "Torpedoes," Southern Historical Society Papers, v. III, p. 256 (1877).

5086: 4955: 4925: 4920: 4853: 4792: 4787: 4742: 4244: 4234: 4140: 4120: 4115: 3865: 3855: 3815: 3531: 3399: 2908: 2873: 2843: 2828: 2808: 2756: 2721: 2711: 2706: 2696: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2387: 2362: 2352: 2332: 2229: 2209: 2112:

Naval Strategies of the Civil War: Confederate Innovations and Federal Opportunism.

1003: 456: 417: 336: 138: 1761:

although improved gunnery had made them anachronistic almost from the start. Even

265:

was formed, he was named Secretary of the Navy in the administration of President

254:

from Florida from 1851 to the secession of his home state and the outbreak of the

6160: 5449: 5298: 5191: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5051: 5020: 4930: 4863: 4822: 3850: 3820: 3640: 3290: 3172: 3090: 2986: 2976: 2956: 2918: 2868: 2863: 2848: 2803: 2793: 2746: 2656: 2641: 2492: 2397: 2367: 756: 580: 564: 534: 527: 510: 480: 328: 266: 83: 2517: 1059:

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pv&GRid=21357&PIpi=6333388

5228: 5176: 5015: 4980: 4940: 4832: 4812: 4807: 4762: 4041: 3882: 3870: 3389: 3259: 3178: 2996: 2933: 2838: 2823: 2788: 2651: 2601: 2522: 2457: 2437: 2432: 2347: 2342: 2237: 2225: 1802:– or, as it was known even in the Confederacy, as the Battle between the 1580: 986: 978: 928: 818: 610: 523: 382: 356: 332: 317: 278: 150: 3308: 2181: 355:

Young Mallory prepared for a profession by reading law in the office of Judge

6237: 5496: 5096: 5091: 5081: 5056: 4965: 4960: 4802: 4797: 4782: 4752: 4722: 4060: 3685: 3526: 3507: 3394: 3364: 3135: 2928: 2741: 2686: 2671: 2497: 2487: 2392: 2372: 904: 762: 645: 572: 472: 5965: 5942: 5932: 5927: 5464: 5406: 5318: 5293: 5206: 5186: 4985: 4883: 3483: 3425: 3379: 3284: 3215: 2858: 2666: 2591: 2377: 2357: 1762: 1667: 1014:, but he soon came out in opposition, particularly against black suffrage. 874: 743: 676: 475:. These entered the Navy beginning in 1858, on the verge of the Civil War. 386: 240: 1673:, was converted by private parties who intended to use her as a privateer. 4737: 3775: 3755: 3551: 3536: 3415: 3031: 3021: 3011: 3001: 2951: 2898: 2527: 2402: 1562: 1425:

The only other cabinet nomination to draw as much opposition was that of

824: 730: 695: 371: 869:

In Charleston Harbor, Army Captain Francis D. Lee, supported by General

6120: 4995: 4757: 3958: 3953: 3036: 3026: 3016: 3006: 2981: 2631: 2512: 2407: 2097:

Infernal Machines: The Story of Confederate Submarine and Mine Warfare.

1556: 657: 628:

2. Build ironclad vessels in Southern shipyards for defensive purposes.

625:

1. Send out commerce raiders to destroy the enemy's mercantile marine.

6259:

Executive members of the Cabinet of the Confederate States of America

5384: 3567: 878: 860: 539: 522:

in the incoming administration. Mallory and Florida's other senator,

396:

In 1850, the sectional differences that eventually culminated in the

3082: 5389: 2991: 981:

in New York Harbor, where he was confined as a political prisoner.

443: 344: 305: 171: 335:

for seamen. Then she sent her son away for further schooling at a

579:

navy that would be directed by its own department, and President

115: 963:, where he was temporarily reunited with his wife and children. 923:, was known as one of Mallory's friends, as was Representative 804:

Four of the Confederate Navy raiders were purchased in Britain:

272:

Mallory resigned after the Confederate government had fled from

6334:

Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government

6187:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

2053:, Patricia L. Faust, editor. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. 842:

lead concerning North America, all the contracts were voided.

535:

Confederate Secretary of the Navy: nomination and confirmation

320:

Ellen Russell in Trinidad, and there the couple had two sons.

1028:

List of United States senators born outside the United States

484:

principles that guided his thinking when he later became the

3909: 761:

was hastily launched and then burned to avoid capture; and

2051:

Historical Times Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Civil War

2040:

Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1987.

927:. They were at least partially balanced by Representative 767:

was used merely as an ineffectual floating battery at the

725:

returned to battle the next day intending to finish off

675:

The first ironclad to be created at Mallory's urging was

2085:

Rizzoli, 1993.) Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1996.

2031:

By Sea and by River: The Naval History of the Civil War.

1010:

reconstituted Union and acquiescence in the policies of

2317: 959:. There, Mallory submitted his resignation and went to 913: 883:, successfully exploded a torpedo against the side of 600:

pro-secession. Ultimately, however, he was confirmed.

2126:

Iron Afloat: The Story of the Confederate Armorclads.

2067:

Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.

1303:, pp. 51–57, 62. One of the first class of frigates, 323:

The family moved to the United States and settled in

6274:

Democratic Party United States senators from Florida

2099:

Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965.

2033:

New York: Knopf, 1962; reprint, Da Capo Press, 1989.

1356:, 35th Congress, 1st session, Appendix, pp. 214–218. 1264:, 32nd Congress, 1st session, Appendix, pp. 108–119. 603: 381:, for which he earned three dollars per day. Later, 1049:, p. 29n, states that he was born in 1813. Durkin, 343:. Although he was for all of his life a practicing 6299:Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to the United States 1057:, gives the year of 1812, but no exact birthdate: 327:, in 1820. Young Stephen was sent to school near 6235: 5873:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 2571:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services 997: 890:, severely damaging her. Later, the more famous 634:4. Employ new weapons and techniques of warfare. 3338: 5697:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 1074:, p. 6, has the support of a family tradition. 3583: 3324: 3068: 2554: 2303: 1555:The raiders can be counted on one's fingers: 450: 2217:United States Senator (Class 1) from Florida 2156:Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2005. 994:until he could take the oath of allegiance. 873:, developed a small boat that would carry a 638: 6294:People of Florida in the American Civil War 2175:Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress 2038:Confederate Navy Chief: Stephen R. Mallory. 971: 416:The term in office of senator from Florida 411: 389:, 1835–1837. He also was elected judge for 250:(1812 – November 9, 1873) was a Democratic 3590: 3576: 3331: 3317: 3075: 3061: 2561: 2547: 2310: 2296: 2179: 2114:Nashville, Tenn.: Cumberland House, 2001. 1373:, 36th Congress, 2nd session, pp. 485–486. 666: 49: 1421:"Cabinet, Confederate States," in Faust, 896:used one of Lee's spar torpedoes to sink 128:March 4, 1851 – January 21, 1861 3786:Treatment of slaves in the United States 2257:Confederate States Secretary of the Navy 2142:Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. 591:, Davis had to spread representation in 585:Confederate States Secretary of the Navy 538: 234: 191:November 9, 1873 (aged 60–61) 63:Confederate States Secretary of the Navy 5529:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3701:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 2140:Handbook of 19th Century Naval Warfare. 1260:Mallory's remarks can be read in full: 428: 350: 14: 6236: 5514:Modern display of the Confederate flag 3597: 2107:New York, Rogers & Sherwood, 1887. 769:Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip 5732: 5121: 4685: 3908: 3711:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 3609: 3571: 3312: 3056: 2542: 2291: 797:and Lieutenant James H. North of the 702:. She sank two major Union warships ( 2192:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1238:, 32nd Congress, 1st session, p. 19. 1226:, 32nd Congress, 1st session, p. 32. 914:Investigation of the Navy Department 787: 75:March 4, 1861 – May 2, 1865 6289:Politicians from Pensacola, Florida 5868:Committee on the Conduct of the War 5544:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2319:United States senators from Florida 837:sent a message to Foreign Minister 491: 24: 5938:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 5733: 5277:impeachment managers investigation 3656:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 2079:A History of the Confederate Navy. 25: 6345: 6264:19th-century American politicians 5363:Reconstruction military districts 3811:Abolitionism in the United States 3766:Plantations in the American South 3681:Origins of the American Civil War 2180:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 2168: 2105:Torpedoes, and Privateer History. 2065:The Capture of New Orleans, 1862. 604:Naval organization and operations 486:Confederate Secretary of the Navy 30:For his son, also a Senator, see 6304:People from Redding, Connecticut 6254:American people of Irish descent 6217: 6208: 6207: 5346:Enforcement Act of February 1871 5319:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3117: 2765: 2416: 1666:The first Confederate ironclad, 966: 221: 6131:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 5993:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 5554:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 2183:"Stephen Russell Mallory" 2007: 1994: 1981: 1968: 1955: 1942: 1929: 1916: 1899: 1886: 1877: 1864: 1851: 1838: 1825: 1812: 1788: 1775: 1754: 1741: 1728: 1715: 1702: 1689: 1676: 1660: 1647: 1633: 1620: 1607: 1594: 1549: 1536: 1523: 1510: 1497: 1484: 1471: 1458: 1445: 1432: 1415: 1402: 1389: 1376: 1359: 1343: 1336:, p. 101. Similarly Underwood, 1326: 1313: 1293: 1280: 1267: 1254: 1241: 1229: 1216: 1203: 1190: 1177: 1164: 27:American politician (1812–1873) 5234:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 1151: 1142: 1129: 1116: 1103: 1090: 1077: 1064: 1039: 845: 729:, she encountered the Union's 650:letters of marque and reprisal 13: 1: 6324:19th-century American lawyers 5649:Ladies' Memorial Associations 5351:Enforcement Act of April 1871 5247:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 5122: 2023: 998:Release and return to Florida 755:was destroyed on the stocks; 299: 263:Confederate States of America 5782:Confederate revolving cannon 5524:Sons of Confederate Veterans 5395:South Carolina riots of 1876 5373:Indian Council at Fort Smith 5324:South Carolina riots of 1876 5289:Knights of the White Camelia 3781:Slavery in the United States 7: 6329:Southern Historical Society 6136:New York City riots of 1863 5961:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5712:United Confederate Veterans 5549:Children of the Confederacy 5539:United Confederate Veterans 5534:Southern Historical Society 4686: 4166:Price's Missouri Expedition 3636:Timeline leading to the War 3610: 2578:Military Affairs Committee 1021: 433:Much of what he did in the 10: 6350: 6314:Catholics from Connecticut 6104:Confederate Secret Service 5692:Grand Army of the Republic 5584:Grand Army of the Republic 5402:Southern Claims Commission 945:Greensboro, North Carolina 682:. The burned and scuttled 451:Committee on Naval Affairs 29: 6203: 6179: 6092:Confederate States dollar 6064: 6006: 5951: 5903:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 5898:Emancipation Proclamation 5860: 5792:Medal of Honor recipients 5749: 5745: 5728: 5680:Confederate Memorial Hall 5662: 5641: 5599: 5571: 5562: 5482:Confederate Memorial Hall 5455:Confederate History Month 5435:Civil War Discovery Trail 5415: 5336:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 5167: 5142:Reconstruction Amendments 5132: 5128: 5117: 5039: 4908: 4901: 4841: 4705: 4698: 4694: 4681: 4623: 4370: 4363: 4194: 4050: 4009: 3977: 3944: 3937: 3933: 3904: 3801: 3751:Emancipation Proclamation 3719: 3620: 3616: 3605: 3519: 3408: 3347: 3269: 3250: 3231: 3188: 3159:Secretary of the Treasury 3157: 3126: 3115: 3098: 2943:Armed Services Committee 2942: 2774: 2763: 2577: 2425: 2414: 2325: 2279: 2270: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2234: 2214: 2206: 2199: 953:Abbeville, South Carolina 639:Attacks on Union commerce 518:, already selected to be 393:for the years 1837–1845. 316:. He met and married the 229: 217: 209: 199: 187: 165: 160: 156: 144: 132: 121: 109: 99: 89: 79: 68: 61: 57: 48: 41: 6319:American Roman Catholics 6166:U.S. Sanitary Commission 6077:Battlefield preservation 5983:Marching Through Georgia 5908:Hampton Roads Conference 5883:Confiscation Act of 1862 5878:Confiscation Act of 1861 5654:U.S. national cemeteries 5460:Confederate Memorial Day 5445:Civil War Trails Program 5314:New Orleans riot of 1866 2775:Naval Affairs Committee 1033: 972:Capture and imprisonment 715:), and menaced a third ( 583:nominated Mallory to be 440:House of Representatives 412:In the Senate, 1851–1861 368:Stephen R. Jr. ("Buddy") 6269:Confederate States Navy 6087:Confederate war finance 5707:Southern Cross of Honor 5675:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5670:1913 Gettysburg reunion 5368:Reconstruction Treaties 5341:Enforcement Act of 1870 5224:Freedman's Savings Bank 3841:Lane Debates on Slavery 3666:Lincoln–Douglas debates 3341:Battle of Hampton Roads 2081:(tr. Paolo E. Coletta, 1273:After 1853. Underwood, 1085:Confederate States Navy 1047:Confederate States Navy 992:Bridgeport, Connecticut 799:Confederate States Navy 667:Naval reform: ironclads 286:Stephen Russell Mallory 248:Stephen Russell Mallory 243:, between 1855 and 1865 6309:Catholics from Florida 6146:Richmond riots of 1863 6072:Baltimore riot of 1861 5852:U.S. Military Railroad 5772:Confederate Home Guard 5504:Historiographic issues 5470:Historical reenactment 3969:Revenue Cutter Service 3836:William Lloyd Garrison 3745:Dred Scott v. Sandford 3375:Catesby ap Roger Jones 2152:Underwood, Rodman L., 1872:Confederate Navy Chief 1710:Capture of New Orleans 1531:Confederate Navy Chief 1505:Confederate Navy Chief 1492:Confederate Navy Chief 1410:Confederate Navy Chief 1334:Confederate Navy Chief 1321:Confederate Navy Chief 1288:Confederate Navy Chief 1249:Confederate Navy Chief 1211:Confederate Navy Chief 1185:Confederate Navy Chief 1159:Confederate Navy Chief 1124:Confederate Navy Chief 1098:Confederate Navy Chief 1051:Confederate Navy Chief 877:. His craft, known as 575: 499:Lecompton Constitution 465:Matthew Fontaine Maury 341:Nazareth, Pennsylvania 244: 239:Stephen R. Mallory by 213:Angela Sylvania Moreno 6111:Great Revival of 1863 5988:Maryland, My Maryland 5777:Confederate railroads 5440:Civil War Roundtables 5309:Meridian riot of 1871 5304:Memphis riots of 1866 3861:George Luther Stearns 3846:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3739:Crittenden Compromise 3233:Secretary of the Navy 3108:Alexander H. Stephens 2189:Catholic Encyclopedia 1905:Most accounts of the 835:Charles Francis Adams 553:Christopher Memminger 542: 284:He was the father of 238: 111:United States Senator 5998:Daar kom die Alibama 5913:National Union Party 5589:memorials to Lincoln 5509:Lost Cause mythology 5214:Eufaula riot of 1874 5202:Confederate refugees 4415:District of Columbia 4042:Union naval blockade 3888:Underground Railroad 3676:Nullification crisis 3222:John C. Breckinridge 2273:Notes and references 2138:Tucker, Spencer C., 429:Senator from Florida 406:Nashville, Tennessee 379:Inspector of Customs 351:Adulthood in Florida 314:Redding, Connecticut 304:Mallory was born in 95:Position established 6156:Supreme Court cases 5923:Radical Republicans 5702:Old soldiers' homes 5686:Confederate Veteran 5612:artworks in Capitol 5331:Reconstruction acts 5192:Colfax riot of 1873 4156:Richmond-Petersburg 3761:Fugitive slave laws 3691:Popular sovereignty 3671:Missouri Compromise 3661:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3355:John Lorimer Worden 3142:Robert M. T. Hunter 2265:Position abolished 2124:Still, William N., 2102:Scharf, J. Thomas, 2077:Luraghi, Raimondo, 2063:Hearn, Chester G., 2036:Durkin, Joseph T., 1628:By Sea and by River 1544:By Sea and by River 1371:Congressional Globe 1354:Congressional Globe 1350:Congressional Globe 1262:Congressional Globe 1236:Congressional Globe 1224:Congressional Globe 957:Washington, Georgia 925:Ethelbert Barksdale 871:P. G. T. Beauregard 551:, Stephen Mallory, 545:Confederate Cabinet 509:In the days before 310:British West Indies 290:U.S. Representative 181:Trinidad and Tobago 176:British West Indies 5977:A Lincoln Portrait 5918:Politicians killed 5842:U.S. Balloon Corps 5837:Union corps badges 5617:memorials to Davis 5487:Disenfranchisement 5358:Reconstruction era 5239:Timber Culture Act 5197:Compromise of 1877 4161:Franklin–Nashville 3831:Frederick Douglass 3734:Cornerstone Speech 3651:Compromise of 1850 3599:American Civil War 3360:Samuel Dana Greene 3252:Postmaster-General 3241:Stephen R. Mallory 3210:George W. Randolph 3128:Secretary of State 2245:Political offices 2223:Served alongside: 2095:Perry, Milton F., 1187:, p. 38–43, 48–49. 1055:Pensacola, Florida 961:La Grange, Georgia 941:Danville, Virginia 859:lost to mines was 853:John Mercer Brooke 576: 557:Alexander Stephens 520:Secretary of State 256:American Civil War 245: 194:Pensacola, Florida 105:Position abolished 32:Stephen Mallory II 18:Stephen R. Mallory 6279:Florida Democrats 6231: 6230: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6029:Italian Americans 6014:African Americans 5971:John Brown's Body 5724: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5637: 5636: 5475:Robert E. Lee Day 5219:Freedmen's Bureau 5182:Brooks–Baxter War 5113: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5104: 4897: 4896: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4086:Northern Virginia 4032:Trans-Mississippi 4005: 4004: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3792:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3729:African Americans 3565: 3564: 3370:Franklin Buchanan 3306: 3305: 3279:Judah P. Benjamin 3204:Judah P. Benjamin 3148:Judah P. Benjamin 3050: 3049: 2536: 2535: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2275: 2235:Succeeded by 2221:1851–1861 1907:Hunley-Housatonic 1427:Judah P. Benjamin 1369:, pp. 70–71. See 933:Charles M. Conrad 839:Lord John Russell 823:, and above all, 788:Mission to Europe 561:LeRoy Pope Walker 549:Judah P. Benjamin 516:William H. Seward 325:Key West, Florida 233: 232: 16:(Redirected from 6341: 6221: 6211: 6210: 6034:Native Americans 6019:German Americans 5812:Partisan rangers 5807:Official Records 5747: 5746: 5730: 5729: 5622:memorials to Lee 5569: 5568: 5130: 5129: 5119: 5118: 4906: 4905: 4703: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4683: 4682: 4656:Washington, D.C. 4450:Indian Territory 4410:Dakota Territory 4368: 4367: 4285:Chancellorsville 4076:Jackson's Valley 4066:Blockade runners 3942: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3906: 3905: 3866:Thaddeus Stevens 3856:Lysander Spooner 3816:Susan B. Anthony 3618: 3617: 3607: 3606: 3592: 3585: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3400:Louis N. Stodder 3333: 3326: 3319: 3310: 3309: 3271:Attorney-General 3190:Secretary of War 3121: 3077: 3070: 3063: 3054: 3053: 2769: 2569:Chairmen of the 2563: 2556: 2549: 2540: 2539: 2420: 2312: 2305: 2298: 2289: 2288: 2280: 2271: 2207:Preceded by 2197: 2196: 2193: 2185: 2110:Simson, Jay W., 2029:Anderson, Bern, 2018: 2011: 2005: 1998: 1992: 1985: 1979: 1972: 1966: 1959: 1953: 1946: 1940: 1933: 1927: 1920: 1914: 1903: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1849: 1846:Confederate Navy 1842: 1836: 1829: 1823: 1816: 1810: 1792: 1786: 1783:Confederate Navy 1779: 1773: 1772:pp. 97, 132–133. 1758: 1752: 1749:Confederate Navy 1745: 1739: 1736:Confederate Navy 1732: 1726: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1700: 1697:Naval Strategies 1693: 1687: 1680: 1674: 1664: 1658: 1657:, pp. 68, 89–90. 1655:Confederate Navy 1651: 1645: 1637: 1631: 1624: 1618: 1611: 1605: 1598: 1592: 1553: 1547: 1540: 1534: 1527: 1521: 1514: 1508: 1501: 1495: 1488: 1482: 1475: 1469: 1466:Confederate Navy 1462: 1456: 1449: 1443: 1436: 1430: 1419: 1413: 1406: 1400: 1393: 1387: 1380: 1374: 1363: 1357: 1347: 1341: 1330: 1324: 1317: 1311: 1297: 1291: 1284: 1278: 1271: 1265: 1258: 1252: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1220: 1214: 1207: 1201: 1194: 1188: 1181: 1175: 1168: 1162: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1140: 1133: 1127: 1120: 1114: 1111:Confederate Navy 1107: 1101: 1094: 1088: 1081: 1075: 1068: 1062: 1043: 1004:Edwin M. Stanton 795:James D. Bulloch 492:Secession crisis 457:Millard Fillmore 418:David Levy Yulee 337:Moravian academy 225: 161:Personal details 147: 135: 126: 102: 92: 73: 53: 39: 38: 21: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6284:Florida lawyers 6234: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6191: 6175: 6060: 6024:Irish Americans 6002: 5947: 5856: 5847:U.S. Home Guard 5787:Field artillery 5741: 5740: 5716: 5658: 5633: 5595: 5564: 5558: 5450:Civil War Trust 5417: 5411: 5299:Ethnic violence 5284:Kirk–Holden war 5163: 5124: 5101: 5035: 4893: 4837: 4690: 4665: 4619: 4372: 4359: 4190: 4171:Sherman's March 4151:Bermuda Hundred 4046: 4001: 3973: 3929: 3928: 3892: 3851:J. Sella Martin 3821:James G. Birney 3797: 3715: 3641:Bleeding Kansas 3629: 3612: 3601: 3596: 3566: 3561: 3542:Elizabeth River 3515: 3404: 3385:Stephen Mallory 3343: 3337: 3307: 3302: 3291:Thomas H. Watts 3265: 3246: 3227: 3216:James A. Seddon 3198:Leroy P. Walker 3184: 3167:C. G. Memminger 3153: 3122: 3113: 3094: 3091:Jefferson Davis 3081: 3051: 3046: 2944: 2938: 2776: 2770: 2761: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2537: 2532: 2421: 2412: 2321: 2316: 2260: 2240: 2222: 2220: 2212: 2171: 2026: 2021: 2012: 2008: 1999: 1995: 1986: 1982: 1973: 1969: 1960: 1956: 1947: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1921: 1917: 1904: 1900: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1869: 1865: 1856: 1852: 1843: 1839: 1830: 1826: 1817: 1813: 1793: 1789: 1780: 1776: 1759: 1755: 1746: 1742: 1733: 1729: 1720: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1694: 1690: 1681: 1677: 1665: 1661: 1652: 1648: 1638: 1634: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1608: 1599: 1595: 1554: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1528: 1524: 1515: 1511: 1502: 1498: 1489: 1485: 1476: 1472: 1463: 1459: 1450: 1446: 1437: 1433: 1420: 1416: 1407: 1403: 1399:, pp. 68–70–73. 1394: 1390: 1381: 1377: 1364: 1360: 1348: 1344: 1331: 1327: 1318: 1314: 1298: 1294: 1285: 1281: 1272: 1268: 1259: 1255: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1230: 1221: 1217: 1208: 1204: 1195: 1191: 1182: 1178: 1169: 1165: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1134: 1130: 1121: 1117: 1108: 1104: 1095: 1091: 1082: 1078: 1069: 1065: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1024: 1000: 974: 969: 921:Clement C. Clay 916: 848: 790: 669: 641: 606: 581:Jefferson Davis 565:Jefferson Davis 537: 528:Jefferson Davis 511:Abraham Lincoln 494: 481:Stevens Battery 453: 431: 414: 353: 329:Mobile, Alabama 302: 267:Jefferson Davis 200:Political party 192: 178: 170: 145: 133: 127: 122: 113: 100: 90: 84:Jefferson Davis 74: 69: 44: 43:Stephen Mallory 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6347: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6215: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6171:Women soldiers 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6126:Naming the war 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6107: 6106: 6096: 6095: 6094: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6010: 6008: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5762:Campaign Medal 5759: 5753: 5751: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737:Related topics 5734: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5575: 5573: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5484: 5479: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5465:Decoration Day 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5421: 5419: 5418:Reconstruction 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5272:second inquiry 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5236: 5229:Homestead Acts 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5177:Alabama Claims 5173: 5171: 5169:Reconstruction 5165: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5157:15th Amendment 5154: 5152:14th Amendment 5149: 5147:13th Amendment 5138: 5136: 5126: 5125: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5043: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4912: 4910: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4778:J. E. Johnston 4775: 4773:A. S. Johnston 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4713:R. H. Anderson 4709: 4707: 4700: 4692: 4691: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4575:South Carolina 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4550:North Carolina 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4275:Fredericksburg 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4215:Wilson's Creek 4212: 4207: 4201: 4199: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4055: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4027:Lower Seaboard 4024: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3950: 3948: 3939: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3883:Harriet Tubman 3880: 3879: 3878: 3871:Charles Sumner 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3706:States' rights 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3621: 3614: 3613: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3572: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3557:Sewell's Point 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3505: 3497: 3489: 3481: 3473: 3465: 3457: 3449: 3441: 3433: 3423: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3390:French Forrest 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3336: 3335: 3328: 3321: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3275: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3260:John H. Reagan 3256: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3237: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3194: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3179:John H. Reagan 3176: 3173:G. A. Trenholm 3170: 3163: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3132: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3104: 3102: 3100:Vice-President 3096: 3095: 3080: 3079: 3072: 3065: 3057: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2945:(1947–present) 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2583: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2565: 2558: 2551: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2315: 2314: 2307: 2300: 2292: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2268: 2267: 2262: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2238:Adonijah Welch 2236: 2233: 2226:Jackson Morton 2213: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2195: 2194: 2177: 2170: 2169:External links 2167: 2166: 2165: 2150: 2136: 2122: 2108: 2100: 2093: 2075: 2061: 2048: 2034: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2006: 2004:, pp. 207–208. 1993: 1991:, pp. 203–204. 1980: 1978:, pp. 179–184. 1967: 1965:, pp. 178–179. 1954: 1952:, pp. 174–178. 1941: 1939:, pp. 111–112. 1928: 1915: 1913:, pp. 177–178. 1898: 1885: 1876: 1863: 1861:, pp. 167–168. 1850: 1837: 1824: 1811: 1787: 1785:, pp. 265–271. 1774: 1770:Naval Warfare. 1753: 1740: 1727: 1714: 1712:, pp. 143–147. 1701: 1688: 1675: 1659: 1646: 1632: 1630:, pp. 212–214. 1619: 1606: 1593: 1548: 1535: 1533:, pp. 158–160. 1522: 1509: 1496: 1483: 1470: 1457: 1444: 1431: 1414: 1412:, pp. 132–133. 1401: 1388: 1375: 1358: 1342: 1325: 1312: 1292: 1279: 1266: 1253: 1240: 1228: 1215: 1202: 1189: 1176: 1163: 1150: 1141: 1128: 1115: 1102: 1089: 1076: 1063: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1020: 1012:Reconstruction 999: 996: 987:Andrew Johnson 979:Fort Lafayette 973: 970: 968: 965: 955:, and finally 929:Henry S. Foote 915: 912: 847: 844: 789: 786: 668: 665: 640: 637: 636: 635: 632: 629: 626: 611:John L. Porter 605: 602: 589:states' rights 569:John H. Reagan 536: 533: 524:David L. Yulee 493: 490: 452: 449: 438:failed in the 430: 427: 413: 410: 404:to be held in 383:President Polk 357:William Marvin 352: 349: 333:boarding house 301: 298: 296:from Florida. 279:Andrew Johnson 231: 230: 227: 226: 219: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 201: 197: 196: 189: 185: 184: 167: 163: 162: 158: 157: 154: 153: 151:Adonijah Welch 148: 142: 141: 136: 130: 129: 119: 118: 107: 106: 103: 97: 96: 93: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 66: 65: 59: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6346: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6214: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6141:Photographers 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6116:Gender issues 6114: 6112: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6063: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5943:War Democrats 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5933:Union Leagues 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5832:Turning point 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5802:Naval battles 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5565:and memorials 5561: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5425:Commemoration 5423: 5422: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5267:first inquiry 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5187:Carpetbaggers 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5116: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4610:West Virginia 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4530:New Hampshire 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4490:Massachusetts 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4230:Hampton Roads 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4220:Fort Donelson 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4116:Morgan's Raid 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4061:Anaconda Plan 4059: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037:Pacific Coast 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3771:Positive good 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3686:Panic of 1857 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3646:Border states 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3581: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3527:Hampton Roads 3525: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3503: 3502:Patrick Henry 3498: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3395:John Ericsson 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3365:Gideon Welles 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3136:Robert Toombs 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2773: 2768: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2541: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2218: 2211: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2163: 2162:0-7864-2299-8 2159: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2148:1-55750-322-2 2145: 2141: 2137: 2135: 2134:0-87249-454-3 2131: 2127: 2123: 2121: 2120:1-58182-195-6 2117: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2092: 2091:1-55750-527-6 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2074: 2073:0-8071-1945-8 2070: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2059:0-06-181261-7 2056: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2046:0-87249-518-3 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2016: 2010: 2003: 1997: 1990: 1984: 1977: 1971: 1964: 1958: 1951: 1945: 1938: 1932: 1925: 1919: 1912: 1911:Naval Warfare 1908: 1902: 1895: 1889: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1860: 1859:Naval Warfare 1854: 1847: 1841: 1834: 1828: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1784: 1778: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1757: 1751:, pp.217–233. 1750: 1744: 1737: 1731: 1724: 1718: 1711: 1705: 1698: 1692: 1685: 1679: 1672: 1671: 1663: 1656: 1650: 1643: 1642:Naval Warfare 1636: 1629: 1623: 1616: 1610: 1603: 1602:Naval Warfare 1597: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1545: 1539: 1532: 1526: 1519: 1513: 1506: 1500: 1493: 1487: 1480: 1474: 1467: 1461: 1454: 1448: 1441: 1435: 1428: 1424: 1423:Encyclopedia. 1418: 1411: 1405: 1398: 1392: 1385: 1379: 1372: 1368: 1362: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1322: 1316: 1309: 1308: 1302: 1301:Naval Warfare 1296: 1289: 1283: 1276: 1270: 1263: 1257: 1250: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1212: 1206: 1199: 1193: 1186: 1180: 1173: 1167: 1160: 1154: 1145: 1138: 1132: 1125: 1119: 1112: 1106: 1099: 1093: 1086: 1080: 1073: 1067: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1042: 1038: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1007: 1005: 995: 993: 988: 982: 980: 967:After the war 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 911: 909: 908: 902: 901: 895: 894: 889: 888: 887:New Ironsides 882: 881: 876: 872: 867: 865: 864: 856: 854: 843: 840: 836: 830: 828: 827: 822: 821: 816: 815: 810: 809: 802: 800: 796: 785: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 765: 760: 759: 754: 753: 748: 747: 741: 736: 734: 733: 728: 724: 720: 719: 714: 713: 708: 707: 701: 697: 693: 692:Hampton Roads 688: 687: 681: 680: 673: 664: 662: 661: 653: 651: 647: 646:Gideon Welles 633: 630: 627: 624: 623: 622: 618: 614: 612: 601: 597: 594: 590: 586: 582: 574: 573:Robert Toombs 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 543:The original 541: 532: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 507: 503: 500: 489: 487: 482: 476: 474: 473:sloops-of-war 468: 466: 460: 458: 448: 445: 441: 436: 426: 424: 419: 409: 407: 403: 399: 394: 392: 391:Monroe County 388: 384: 380: 375: 373: 369: 365: 360: 358: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 297: 295: 291: 287: 282: 280: 275: 270: 268: 264: 259: 257: 253: 249: 242: 237: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205: 202: 198: 195: 190: 186: 182: 177: 173: 168: 164: 159: 155: 152: 149: 143: 140: 137: 131: 125: 120: 117: 112: 108: 104: 98: 94: 88: 85: 82: 78: 72: 67: 64: 60: 56: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6082:Bibliography 6065:Other topics 6007:By ethnicity 5975: 5928:Trent Affair 5827:Signal Corps 5684: 5407:White League 5294:Ku Klux Klan 5207:Confederados 5134:Constitution 5006:D. D. Porter 4873: 4859:Breckinridge 4570:Rhode Island 4565:Pennsylvania 4320:Spotsylvania 4280:Stones River 4260:2nd Bull Run 4210:1st Bull Run 4096:Stones River 3997:Marine Corps 3964:Marine Corps 3803:Abolitionism 3790: 3743: 3509: 3501: 3493: 3485: 3478:St. Lawrence 3477: 3469: 3461: 3453: 3445: 3437: 3428: 3426: 3418: 3416: 3384: 3380:Gustavus Fox 3297:George Davis 3285:Thomas Bragg 3240: 2853: 2337: 2272: 2264: 2255: 2250: 2224: 2215: 2187: 2164:(alk. paper) 2153: 2139: 2125: 2111: 2103: 2096: 2082: 2078: 2064: 2050: 2037: 2030: 2014: 2009: 2001: 1996: 1988: 1983: 1975: 1970: 1962: 1957: 1949: 1944: 1936: 1931: 1923: 1918: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1893: 1888: 1879: 1871: 1866: 1858: 1853: 1845: 1840: 1832: 1827: 1819: 1814: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1782: 1777: 1769: 1764: 1756: 1748: 1743: 1738:, pp. 91–92. 1735: 1730: 1722: 1717: 1709: 1704: 1696: 1691: 1683: 1678: 1669: 1662: 1654: 1649: 1641: 1635: 1627: 1622: 1614: 1609: 1601: 1596: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1543: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1517: 1512: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1486: 1478: 1473: 1468:, pp. 35–36. 1465: 1460: 1455:, pp. 86–87. 1452: 1447: 1442:, pp. 77–79. 1439: 1434: 1422: 1417: 1409: 1404: 1396: 1391: 1383: 1378: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1323:, pp. 63–64. 1320: 1315: 1306: 1300: 1295: 1290:, pp. 70–83. 1287: 1282: 1274: 1269: 1261: 1256: 1251:, pp. 52–55. 1248: 1243: 1235: 1231: 1223: 1218: 1213:, pp. 56–60. 1210: 1205: 1200:, pp. 22–25. 1197: 1192: 1184: 1179: 1171: 1166: 1161:, pp. 38–39. 1158: 1153: 1144: 1136: 1131: 1126:, pp. 31–32. 1123: 1118: 1110: 1105: 1100:, pp. 14–15. 1097: 1092: 1084: 1079: 1071: 1066: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1016: 1008: 1001: 983: 975: 937: 917: 906: 899: 893:H. L. Hunley 892: 886: 879: 875:spar torpedo 868: 862: 857: 849: 831: 825: 819: 813: 807: 803: 791: 780: 776: 772: 763: 757: 751: 745: 739: 737: 731: 726: 722: 717: 711: 705: 685: 678: 674: 670: 659: 654: 642: 619: 615: 607: 598: 577: 508: 504: 495: 477: 469: 461: 454: 432: 415: 395: 387:Seminole War 376: 361: 354: 322: 303: 283: 271: 260: 247: 246: 241:Mathew Brady 146:Succeeded by 123: 101:Succeeded by 70: 36: 6249:1873 deaths 6244:1812 births 5888:Copperheads 5600:Confederate 5492:Black Codes 4818:E. K. Smith 4699:Confederate 4646:New Orleans 4641:Chattanooga 4505:Mississippi 4405:Connecticut 4373:territories 4364:Involvement 4325:Cold Harbor 4315:Fort Pillow 4305:Chattanooga 4300:Chickamauga 4250:Seven Pines 4240:New Orleans 4205:Fort Sumter 4146:Valley 1864 3979:Confederacy 3776:Slave Power 3756:Fire-Eaters 3552:Fort Monroe 3537:James River 3093:(1861–1865) 2967:Saltonstall 2824:R. Williams 2777:(1816–1947) 2732:Chamberlain 2597:J. Williams 2587:J. Williams 2580:(1816–1947) 2463:Mallory Jr. 2338:Mallory Sr. 2230:David Yulee 2210:David Yulee 2201:U.S. Senate 2013:Underwood, 2000:Underwood, 1987:Underwood, 1974:Underwood, 1961:Underwood, 1948:Underwood, 1935:Underwood, 1922:Underwood, 1892:Underwood, 1831:Underwood, 1818:Underwood, 1721:Underwood, 1682:Underwood, 1613:Underwood, 1516:Underwood, 1477:Underwood, 1451:Underwood, 1438:Underwood, 1395:Underwood, 1382:Underwood, 1365:Underwood, 1196:Underwood, 1170:Underwood, 1135:Underwood, 846:New weapons 777:Mississippi 758:Mississippi 696:James River 593:his cabinet 372:Felix Senac 139:David Yulee 134:Preceded by 91:Preceded by 6238:Categories 6121:Juneteenth 5642:Cemeteries 5519:Red Shirts 5430:Centennial 5380:Red Shirts 4788:Longstreet 4718:Beauregard 4661:Winchester 4636:Charleston 4605:Washington 4540:New Mexico 4535:New Jersey 4395:California 4371:States and 4355:Five Forks 4340:Mobile Bay 4310:Wilderness 4290:Gettysburg 4270:Perryville 4255:Seven Days 4186:Appomattox 4111:Gettysburg 4071:New Mexico 3938:Combatants 3913:Combatants 3826:John Brown 3446:Cumberland 2622:Crittenden 2363:Taliaferro 2261:1861–1865 2251:New office 2024:References 1808:Merrimack. 1626:Anderson, 1582:Shenandoah 1542:Anderson, 943:, then to 900:Housatonic 820:Shenandoah 706:Cumberland 402:convention 318:Irish-born 300:Early life 204:Democratic 6099:Espionage 5893:Diplomacy 5861:Political 5817:POW camps 5563:Monuments 5390:Scalawags 5385:Redeemers 5123:Aftermath 5072:Pinkerton 5011:Rosecrans 4976:McClellan 4879:Memminger 4615:Wisconsin 4580:Tennessee 4500:Minnesota 4475:Louisiana 4350:Nashville 4295:Vicksburg 4225:Pea Ridge 4176:Carolinas 4131:Red River 4126:Knoxville 4106:Tullahoma 4101:Vicksburg 4081:Peninsula 4053:campaigns 3919:Campaigns 3696:Secession 3532:Tidewater 3510:Jamestown 3470:Minnesota 3299:(1864–65) 3293:(1862–63) 3287:(1861–62) 3262:(1861–65) 3243:(1861–65) 3218:(1862–65) 3206:(1861–62) 3175:(1864–65) 3169:(1861–64) 3150:(1862–65) 3144:(1861–62) 3110:(1861–65) 3088:President 2987:Goldwater 2889:McPherson 2879:McPherson 2839:Fairfield 2794:Pleasants 2737:Wadsworth 2017:, p. 210. 1926:, p. 164. 1896:, p. 153. 1874:, p. 264. 1848:, p. 247. 1844:Luraghi, 1822:, p. 139. 1781:Luraghi, 1763:CSS 1747:Luraghi, 1734:Luraghi, 1668:CSS 1653:Luraghi, 1644:, p. 226. 1617:, p. 114. 1604:, p. 110. 1588:Nashville 1520:, p. 169. 1507:, p. 284. 1494:, p. 148. 1464:Luraghi, 1307:Merrimack 1305:USS 1139:, p. 187. 1109:Luraghi, 1083:Luraghi, 949:Charlotte 907:Albemarle 905:CSS 898:USS 885:USS 861:USS 806:CSS 773:Louisiana 764:Louisiana 752:Tennessee 744:CSS 727:Minnesota 718:Minnesota 704:USS 694:, on the 686:Merrimack 684:USS 677:CSS 658:CSS 400:led to a 398:Civil War 364:Pensacola 218:Signature 124:In office 80:President 71:In office 6213:Category 6054:Seminole 6044:Cherokee 5797:Medicine 5750:Military 5663:Veterans 5497:Jim Crow 5262:timeline 5057:Ericsson 5040:Civilian 5021:Sheridan 4981:McDowell 4941:Farragut 4926:Burnside 4916:Anderson 4909:Military 4889:Stephens 4849:Benjamin 4842:Civilian 4728:Buchanan 4706:Military 4651:Richmond 4600:Virginia 4545:New York 4520:Nebraska 4510:Missouri 4495:Michigan 4485:Maryland 4470:Kentucky 4445:Illinois 4420:Delaware 4400:Colorado 4385:Arkansas 4345:Franklin 4265:Antietam 4136:Overland 4091:Maryland 4010:Theaters 3916:Theaters 3486:Beaufort 3438:Congress 3429:Virginia 2997:Thurmond 2929:Trammell 2814:Southard 2752:Reynolds 2747:Sheppard 2727:Johnston 2702:Walthall 2682:Randolph 2607:Harrison 2518:Martinez 2493:Smathers 2478:Fletcher 2468:W. Bryan 2433:Westcott 2373:Trammell 2368:N. Bryan 1870:Durkin, 1857:Tucker, 1800:Virginia 1765:Virginia 1725:, p. 83. 1699:, p. 60. 1695:Simson, 1686:, p. 99. 1670:Manassas 1600:Tucker, 1546:, p. 44. 1529:Durkin, 1503:Durkin, 1490:Durkin, 1408:Durkin, 1332:Durkin, 1319:Durkin, 1299:Tucker, 1286:Durkin, 1277:, p. 29. 1247:Durkin, 1209:Durkin, 1183:Durkin, 1174:, p. 21. 1157:Durkin, 1122:Durkin, 1096:Durkin, 1087:, p. 10. 1045:Scharf, 1022:See also 781:Virginia 746:Arkansas 740:Virginia 723:Virginia 712:Congress 679:Virginia 444:Seminole 345:Catholic 306:Trinidad 274:Richmond 172:Trinidad 6180:Related 6049:Choctaw 6039:Catawba 5822:Rations 5767:Cavalry 5629:Removal 5257:efforts 5241:of 1873 5087:Stevens 5082:Stanton 5067:Lincoln 5026:Sherman 4961:Halleck 4951:Frémont 4936:Du Pont 4874:Mallory 4833:Wheeler 4768:Jackson 4748:Forrest 4688:Leaders 4631:Atlanta 4595:Vermont 4515:Montana 4455:Indiana 4430:Georgia 4425:Florida 4390:Arizona 4380:Alabama 4330:Atlanta 4245:Corinth 4197:battles 4141:Atlanta 4121:Bristoe 4022:Western 4017:Eastern 3922:Battles 3721:Slavery 3625:Origins 3611:Origins 3547:Norfolk 3494:Raleigh 3462:Roanoke 3419:Monitor 3084:Cabinet 2977:Stennis 2972:Russell 2962:Russell 2957:Tydings 2924:F. Hale 2914:Swanson 2909:Tillman 2904:Perkins 2899:E. Hale 2894:Cameron 2884:Cameron 2874:Sargent 2859:J. Hale 2854:Mallory 2789:Sanford 2722:du Pont 2712:Proctor 2677:Spencer 2662:Johnson 2647:Shields 2617:Preston 2602:Jackson 2523:LeMieux 2508:Hawkins 2453:Conover 2426:Class 3 2388:Holland 2383:Andrews 2348:Gilbert 2326:Class 1 2015:Mallory 2002:Mallory 1989:Mallory 1976:Mallory 1963:Mallory 1950:Mallory 1937:Mallory 1924:Mallory 1894:Mallory 1833:Mallory 1820:Mallory 1804:Monitor 1796:Monitor 1723:Mallory 1708:Hearn, 1684:Mallory 1615:Mallory 1576:Florida 1570:Georgia 1564:Alabama 1518:Mallory 1479:Mallory 1453:Mallory 1440:Mallory 1397:Mallory 1384:Mallory 1367:Mallory 1338:Mallory 1275:Mallory 1198:Mallory 1172:Mallory 1137:Mallory 1072:Mallory 826:Alabama 814:Georgia 808:Florida 732:Monitor 700:Norfolk 547:. L-R: 294:Senator 252:senator 116:Florida 6223:Portal 6161:Tokens 5097:Welles 5077:Seward 5062:Hamlin 5031:Thomas 4966:Hooker 4931:Butler 4884:Seddon 4869:Hunter 4854:Bocock 4828:Taylor 4823:Stuart 4813:Semmes 4793:Morgan 4753:Gorgas 4733:Cooper 4624:Cities 4560:Oregon 4525:Nevada 4465:Kansas 4435:Hawaii 4335:Crater 4235:Shiloh 4195:Major 4181:Mobile 4051:Major 3925:States 3876:Caning 3520:Places 3454:Zouave 3348:People 3281:(1861) 3224:(1865) 3212:(1862) 3200:(1861) 3181:(1865) 3138:(1861) 3037:Inhofe 3032:McCain 3022:Warner 3012:Warner 3002:Warner 2952:Gurney 2869:Cragin 2864:Grimes 2834:Bayard 2829:Mangum 2809:Dallas 2757:Thomas 2717:Warren 2707:Hawley 2697:Hawley 2692:Sewell 2667:Wilson 2652:Weller 2637:Benton 2627:Benton 2612:Benton 2513:Graham 2498:Gurney 2488:Pepper 2473:Milton 2448:Osborn 2438:Morton 2403:Nelson 2393:Chiles 2378:Loftin 2160: 2146: 2132: 2118: 2089: 2071: 2057: 2044: 1558:Sumter 738:After 660:Sumter 435:Senate 423:Senate 210:Spouse 5966:Dixie 5953:Music 5572:Union 5416:Post- 5252:trial 5052:Chase 5047:Adams 5016:Scott 4991:Meigs 4986:Meade 4956:Grant 4946:Foote 4921:Buell 4902:Union 4864:Davis 4808:Price 4798:Mosby 4743:Ewell 4738:Early 4723:Bragg 4585:Texas 4480:Maine 4440:Idaho 3946:Union 3409:Ships 3027:Levin 3017:Levin 3007:Levin 2982:Tower 2934:Walsh 2844:Yulee 2819:Rives 2804:Hayne 2799:Lloyd 2687:Logan 2672:Logan 2657:Davis 2642:Davis 2592:Troup 2528:Rubio 2503:Stone 2443:Yulee 2408:Scott 2358:Pasco 2353:Jones 2343:Welch 2333:Yulee 1034:Notes 880:David 863:Cairo 698:near 179:(now 114:from 6151:Salt 5757:Arms 5607:List 5579:List 5092:Wade 5001:Pope 4971:Hunt 4803:Polk 4763:Hood 4758:Hill 4590:Utah 4555:Ohio 4460:Iowa 3992:Navy 3987:Army 3959:Navy 3954:Army 3508:CSS 3500:CSS 3492:CSS 3484:CSS 3476:USS 3468:USS 3460:USS 3452:USS 3444:USS 3436:USS 3427:CSS 3417:USS 3339:The 3042:Reed 2992:Nunn 2919:Page 2849:Gwin 2784:Tait 2742:Reed 2632:Cass 2483:Hill 2458:Call 2398:Mack 2158:ISBN 2144:ISBN 2130:ISBN 2116:ISBN 2087:ISBN 2069:ISBN 2055:ISBN 2042:ISBN 1806:and 1798:and 775:and 709:and 571:and 292:and 288:, a 188:Died 169:1812 166:Born 4996:Ord 4783:Lee 3086:of 910:.) 339:in 6240:: 2228:, 2186:. 1585:, 1579:, 1573:, 1567:, 1561:, 951:, 947:, 817:, 811:, 567:, 563:, 559:, 555:, 488:. 308:, 174:, 3591:e 3584:t 3577:v 3332:e 3325:t 3318:v 3076:e 3069:t 3062:v 2562:e 2555:t 2548:v 2311:e 2304:t 2297:v 1591:. 1429:. 1061:. 183:) 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index