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553:: for each of the six Mpi tones, a word may have either a modal or stiff-voiced vowel. For example, low tone contrasts
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154:
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27:
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for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic (a subscript wedge) may be used in conjunction with the symbol for a
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102:, for example, stiff-voiced vowels have tenseness in the glottis and pharynx without going so far as to be
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106:, whereas slack-voiced vowels are lax in the glottis without going so far as to be
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549:) contrasts modals and stiff voice in its vowels. This is not
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describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with a
32:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
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311:
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46:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
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639:"Phonation types: A cross-linguistic overview"
341:bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops.
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637:Gordon, Matthew; Ladefoged, Peter (2001).
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36:. For the distinction between ,
613:The Sounds of the World's Languages
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113:One language with stiff voice is
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87:. Although there is no specific
28:International Phonetic Alphabet
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1:
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909:. You can help Knowledge by
724:states (from open to closed)
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506:type of women's clothing
83:stiffer, than occurs in
842:Harsh/ventricular voice
24:phonetic transcriptions
16:Method of pronunciation
858:Non-phonemic phonation
801:(restricted airstream)
668:10.1006/jpho.2001.0147
21:This article contains
616:. Oxford: Blackwell.
850:(epiglottal trilled)
646:Journal of Phonetics
337:contrasts stiff and
804:(blocked airstream)
795:(maximum vibration)
79:narrower, and the
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355:Dental Affricate
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961:Phonetics stubs
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77:glottal opening
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652:(4): 383–406.
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827:Supra-glottal
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911:expanding it
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764:Creaky voice
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471:slack voice
401:stiff voice
339:slack voiced
333:
210:curse, scold
164:stiff voice
112:
72:
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40:and ⟨
22:
844:("pressed")
769:Glottalized
759:Stiff voice
754:Modal voice
749:Slack voice
352:Dental Stop
85:modal voice
81:vocal folds
73:stiff voice
56:Stiff voice
950:Categories
838:("hollow")
583:References
956:Phonation
903:phonetics
829:phonation
774:Ballistic
709:Phonation
654:CiteSeerX
366:phonation
358:Retroflex
277:aspirated
133:phonation
92:diacritic
71:The term
870:Falsetto
807:(fortis)
785:(murmur,
610:(1996).
551:register
480:standard
349:Bilabial
335:Javanese
125:Bilabial
38:/ /
34:Help:IPA
875:Vibrato
865:Whisper
744:Breathy
722:Glottal
547:Loloish
128:Dental
26:in the
739:Breath
656:
620:
449:little
396:gloss
361:Velar
220:tenuis
159:gloss
42:
901:This
642:(PDF)
574:seven
568:/sì̬/
561:blood
519:first
462:river
423:guest
390:gloss
384:gloss
378:gloss
372:gloss
299:cloth
185:crazy
146:gloss
98:. In
30:(IPA)
907:stub
618:ISBN
566:and
555:/sì/
493:blow
410:nail
256:dtaa
242:aunt
231:bpâa
150:Thai
137:Thai
115:Thai
664:doi
543:Mpi
532:dig
393:IPA
387:IPA
381:IPA
375:IPA
369:IPA
313:tâa
308:ท่า
288:pâa
283:ผ้า
267:eye
226:ป้า
199:dàa
194:ด่า
174:bâa
169:บ้า
155:IPA
142:IPA
100:Bru
89:IPA
952::
662:.
650:29
648:.
644:.
606:;
591:^
579:.
251:ตา
117::
110:.
63:◌̭
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924:v
913:.
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687:v
670:.
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626:.
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48:.
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