84:, where different subsystems would be created by various companies and academic projects and eventually brought together into a single integrated system. Roland and Shiman wrote that "While most research programs entail tactics or strategy, SC boasted grand strategy, a master plan for an entire campaign."
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The goal of SCI, and other contemporary projects, was nothing less than full machine intelligence. "The machine envisioned by SC", according to Alex Roland and Philip Shiman, "would run ten billion instructions per second to see, hear, speak, and think like a human. The degree of integration required
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By the late 1980s, it was clear that the project would fall short of realizing the hoped-for levels of machine intelligence. Program insiders pointed to issues with integration, organization, and communication. When Jack
Schwarz ascended to the leadership of IPTO in 1987, he cut funding to
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project at
Carnegie Mellon University, in particular, laid the scientific and technical foundation for many of the driverless vehicle programs that came after it, such as the Demo II and III programs (ALV being Demo I), Perceptor, and the
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Although the program failed to meet its goal of high-level machine intelligence, it did meet some of its specific technical objectives, for example those of autonomous land navigation. The
Autonomous Land Vehicle program and its sister
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in 1957, the
American government saw the Japanese project as a challenge to its technological dominance. The British government also funded a program of their own around the same time, known as
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developments today. It also helped to advance the state of the art of computer hardware to a considerable degree. On the software side, the initiative funded development of the
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from 1983 to 1993. The initiative was designed to support various projects that were required to develop machine intelligence in a prescribed ten-year time frame, from
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95:(IPTO). By 1985 it had spent $ 100 million, and 92 projects were underway at 60 institutions: half in industry, half in universities and government labs.
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This article is about the artificial intelligence initiative of 1983–1993. For the exascale computing initiative started in 2015, see
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project, an enormous initiative that set aside billions for research into computing and artificial intelligence. As with
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research (the software component) "deeply and brutally", "eviscerating" the program (wrote
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would rival that achieved by the human brain, the most complex instrument known to man."
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simulations. The
Strategic Computing Initiative of the 1980s is distinct from the 2015
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351:. National Research Council (U.S.). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2002.
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techniques. This was a huge success, saving the
Department of Defense billions during
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The initiative was conceived as an integrated program, similar to the
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AI winter § Cutbacks at the
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Microelectronics and
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287:Roland, Alex (2002).
122:DARPA Grand Challenge
52:Department of Defense
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503:History of computing
91:and directed by the
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82:Apollo moon program
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471:Machines Who Think
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469:(2004),
446:(2003),
401:(1993).
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