387:. These are written in a form that became established as standard both for Haydn and for other composers. Clearly composed as sets, these quartets feature a four-movement layout having broadly conceived, moderately paced first movements and, in increasing measure, a democratic and conversational interplay of parts, close-knit thematic development, and skilful though often restrained use of counterpoint. The convincing realizations of the progressive aims of the Op. 20 set of 1772, in particular, makes them the first major peak in the history of the string quartet. Certainly they offered to their own time state-of-the art models to follow for the best part of a decade; the teenage
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69:, whose works in the 1750s established the ensemble as a group of four more-or-less equal partners. Since that time, the string quartet has been considered a prestigious form; writing for four instruments with broadly similar characteristics both constrains and tests a composer. String quartet composition flourished in the
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contextualizes the Op. 20 quartets as follows: "Haydn's quartets of the late 1760s and early 1770s are high points in the early history of the quartet. Characterized by a wide range of textures, frequent asymmetries and theatrical gestures...these quartets established the genre's four-movement form,
486:
The musicologist Roger
Hickman has however demurred from this consensus view. He notes a change in string quartet writing towards the end of the 1760s, featuring characteristics which are today thought of as essential to the genre – scoring for two violins, viola and cello, solo passages, and absence
300:
ensemble consisting of Fürnberg's steward, a priest, and a local cellist, and when the Baron asked for some new music for the group to play, Haydn's first string quartets were born. It is not clear whether any of these works ended up in the two sets published in the mid-1760s and known as Haydn's
284:
invented the "classical" string quartet around 1757, but the consensus amongst most authorities is that Haydn is responsible for the genre in its currently accepted form. The string quartet enjoyed no recognized status as an ensemble in the way that two violins with basso continuo – the so-called
491:
accompaniment. Noting that at this time other composers than Haydn were writing works conforming to these 'modern' criteria, and that Haydn's earlier quartets did not meet them, he suggests that "one casualty is the notion that Haydn "invented" the string quartet... Although he may still be
551:
each composed a number of quartets: "Beethoven in particular is credited with developing the genre in an experimental and dynamic fashion, especially in his later series of quartets written in the 1820s up until his death. Their forms and ideas inspired and continue to inspire musicians and
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considered the 'father' of the 'Classical' string quartet, he is not the creator of the sting quartet genre itself... This old and otiose myth not only misrepresents the achievements of other excellent composers, but also distorts the character and qualities of Haydn's opp. 1, 2 and 9".
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Haydn went on to write nine other quartets around this time. These works were published as his Op. 1 and Op. 2; one quartet went unpublished, and some of the early "quartets" are actually symphonies missing their wind parts. They have five movements and take the form: fast movement,
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Substantial modifications to the typical structure were already present by the time of
Beethoven's late quartets, and despite some notable examples to the contrary, composers writing in the twentieth century increasingly abandoned this structure. Bartók's
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that might be considered an important prototype. By the early 18th century, composers were often adding a third soloist; and moreover it became common to omit the keyboard part, letting the cello support the bass line alone. Thus when
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After these early efforts, Haydn did not return to the string quartet for several years, but when he did so, it was to make a significant step in the genre's development. The intervening years saw Haydn begin his employment as
382:
himself). The opportunities for experiment which both these genres offered Haydn perhaps helped him in the pursuit of the more advanced quartet style found in the eighteen works published in the early 1770s as Opp. 9, 17, and
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were all written in 1842 and dedicated to
Mendelssohn, whose quartets Schumann had been studying in preparation, along with those of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. Several Romantic-era composers wrote only one quartet, while
402:
put it: "with Op. 20 the historical development of Haydn's quartets reaches its goal; and further progress is not progress in any historical sense, but simply the difference between one masterpiece and the next."
1399:– No. 1 Op. 7 (1904–05) No. 2 Op. 10 (1907–08, noteworthy for its first ever inclusion of the human voice in a string quartet), No. 3 Op. 30 (1927) and No. 4 Op. 37 (1936)
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refers to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two
1602:
Whereas individual string players often group together to make ad hoc string quartets, others continue to play together for many years in ensembles which may be named after the first violinist (e.g. the
227:, there being no separate (fifth) contrabass part in string scoring before the 19th century. However, these composers showed no interest in exploring the development of the string quartet as a medium.
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After Op. 20, it becomes harder to point to similar major jumps in the string quartet's development in Haydn's hands, though not due to any lack of invention or application on the composer's part. As
1301:'s six string quartets, especially long Quartet No. 3 in D minor, Op. 74, Quartet No. 4 in E-flat major, Op. 109, and the last, Quartet No. 5 in F-sharp minor, Op. 121
515:. Since Haydn's day, the string quartet has been prestigious and considered one of the true tests of a composer's art. This may be partly because the palette of sound is more restricted than with
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1 and 2 ('Op. 0' is a quartet included in some early editions of Op. 1, and only rediscovered in the 1930s), but it seems reasonable to assume that they were at least similar in character.
717:. The late 20th century also saw the string quartet expand in various ways: Morton Feldman's vast Second String Quartet is one of the longest ever written, and Karlheinz Stockhausen's
333:], took up this proposal, and so originated his first quartet which, immediately it appeared, received such general approval that Haydn took courage to work further in this form.
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1940:
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as the fifth instrument. Most of
Boccherini's string quintets are for two violins, viola, and two cellos. Another composer who wrote a string quintet with two cellos is
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327:) in order to have a little music. Fürnberg requested Haydn to compose something that could be performed by these four amateurs. Haydn, then eighteen years old [
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questioned the relevance of the string quartet and avoided writing them. However, from the 1960s onwards, many composers have shown a renewed interest in the genre.
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During the 1750s, when the young composer was still working mainly as a teacher and violinist in Vienna, he would occasionally be invited to spend time at the nearby
507:'s publication in Paris of a "complete" series that year, and the quartet's evolution as vehicle for public performance can be judged by Pleyel's ten-volume set of
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Some string quartet ensembles play together for many years and become established and promoted as an entity in a similar way to an instrumental soloist or an
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1714:[Did Franz Xaver Richter invent the string quartet? Reflections on the 300th birthday of the composer, including a theory about Boccherini].
1427:'s set of 18 string quartets written between 1912 and 1950, particularly nos. 14 and 15 op. 291, which can be played simultaneously as a string octet
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1906:"The Fourth of the Fourth: On the Genesis and the Early Performances of the Allegretto, pizzicato Movement of Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 4"
320:, several stages from Vienna, and he invited from time to time his pastor, his manager, Haydn, and Albrechtsberger (a brother of the celebrated
289:' – had for more than a hundred years. Even the composition of Haydn's earliest string quartets owed more to chance than artistic imperative.
117:. There was a slight lull in string quartet composition later in the 19th century, but it received a resurgence in the 20th century, with the
1712:"Hat Franz Xaver Richter das Streichquartett erfunden? Überlegungen zum 300. Geburtstag des Komponisten, samt einer Hypothese zu Boccherini"
268:(Sonata for four instruments: two violins, viola, and cello without harpsichord), this was a natural evolution from the existing tradition.
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princes, for whom he was required to compose numerous symphonies and dozens of trios for violin, viola, and the bass instrument called the
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The following purely chance circumstance had led him to try his luck at the composition of quartets. A Baron Fürnberg had a place in
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and many others. Another variation on the traditional string quartet is the electric string quartet with players performing on
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The early history of the string quartet is in many ways the history of the development of the genre by the
Austrian composer
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2210:" (some omissions, some supplements, different illustrations; archive from 17 November 2014, accessed 11 August 2016).
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string quartets, written in the 1930s, are five-movement works, symmetrical around a central movement. Shostakovich's
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of the music-loving
Austrian nobleman Karl Joseph Weber, Edler von Fürnberg. There he would play chamber music in an
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1080:, 3 July 2013: Mary Ellen Woodside and Julia Schröder, violin; Ylvali Zilliacus, viola; Rafael Rosenfeld, cello
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1111:, No. 5 ("The Lark") and the string quartet version of "The Seven Last Words of Our Saviour On the Cross" (
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212:; and there had long been a tradition of performing orchestral works one instrument to a part. The British
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producing highly regarded examples of the genre, and it remains an important and refined musical form.
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String quartet recordings on copyright free LPs at the
European Archive (for non-American users only).
1439:'s 16 string quartets (1919-1967), some of them in quarter-tone tuning, the last in fifth-tone tuning.
858:, three have a minuet followed by a slow movement and three have the slow movement before the minuet.
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That Haydn's string quartets were already "classics" that defined the genre by 1801 can be judged by
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The positions of the slow movement and third movement are flexible. For example, in Mozart's six
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with which Haydn sought to bring greater architectural weight to the finales of nos. 2, 5 and 6.
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1615:). Established quartets may undergo changes in membership whilst retaining their original name.
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contains two each of violins, violas, and cellos. Brahms, for example, wrote two string sextets.
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String quartet compositions and performers since about 1914 and the connections between them
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1421:'s Five Movements, Op.5 (1909), Six Bagatelles, Op.9 (1913), and Quartet, Op. 28 (1937–38)
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2257:, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
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253:. A very early example is a four-part sonata for string ensemble by the Italian composer
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E.G. Onslow, Viotti, Rheinberger, Gretchaninov, A.Taneyev, Kiel, Busoni & many more.
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cites the widespread practice of four players, one to a part, playing works written for
140:
The standard structure for a string quartet as established in the
Classical era is four
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its larger dimensions, and ...its greater aesthetic pretensions and expressive range."
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is almost never used in the ensemble mainly because it would sound too loud and heavy.
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A string quartet in performance. From left to right: violin 1, violin 2, viola, cello
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2298:(Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1963). English translation by Vernon Gotwals, in
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1583:(2000-2022), a vast four-channel multi-disciplinary work permanently played in the
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1272:'s Second String Quartet, unusually scored for violin, viola and two cellos (1894)
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The Art of
Quartet Playing: The Guarneri Quartet in Conversation with David Blum
1304:
65:
The string quartet was developed into its present form by the
Austrian composer
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82:
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1521:'s six string quartets (1963, 1980, 1987, 1989-90, 2006, 2010) as well as his
902:
Many other chamber groups can be seen as modifications of the string quartet:
638:
In the modern era, the string quartet played a key role in the development of
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intended for hearers rather than players – early examples of this genre of
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2381:(London & New York: Macmillan, 2001). Published separately as a book:
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music, forcing the music to stand more on its own rather than relying on
496:
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59:
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A brief history of the development of the String Quartet up to Beethoven
2088:"DVORAK, A.: String Quartets, Vol. 8 (Vlach Quartet) – No. 3 – 8.553378"
1737:
1245:
Op. 51 No. 1 (in C minor), Op. 51 No. 2 (in A minor)
265:
Sonata à Quattro per due Violini, Violetta , e Violoncello senza Cembalo
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1282:; also No. 3 is an exceptionally long quartet (lasting 65 minutes)
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both five quartets and six "quartettini". Over nearly five decades,
230:
The origins of the string quartet can be further traced back to the
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usually had four movements, with a structure similar to that of a
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1515:(1992–93), to be played by the four musicians in four helicopters
1013:
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835:
643:
375:
3989:
1135:'s 16 string quartets, in particular the five "middle" quartets
1000:, consisting of the equivalent of two string quartets. Notably,
962:
is a string quartet with one of the violins replaced by a piano.
204:
for two solo violins, viola and cello by the Viennese composers
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911:
827:
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388:
357:
47:
1816:
Hickman, Roger (1981). "The Nascent Viennese String Quartet".
1573:(1983), which typically takes about five hours in performance.
721:
is to be performed by the four musicians in four helicopters.
4986:
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2198:
14, no. 4 (Spring 1996, "Grand Street 56: Dreams"): 213–225.
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employed two violas in his string quintets, while Schubert's
842:
409:
Haydn's Quartet No. 53 in D major ("The Lark"), Op. 64, No. 5
392:
55:
51:
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910:
is a string quartet augmented by a fifth string instrument.
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1794:
Lindsay Kemp: Joseph Haydn: The String Quartets, Decca 200.
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Op. 133, the original final movement of Op. 130.
1012:, composed in 1908. Adding a voice has since been done by
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1747:
329:
2401:: "The Origins of the Quartet", in Robin Stowell (ed.):
992:
Further expansions have also produced works such as the
560:." Schubert's last musical wish was to hear Beethoven's
2213:
2194:
Karlheinz Stockhausen,.. "Helikopter-Streichquartett",
2163:
2134:
2117:
2055:
2043:
1776:
1688:
1625:
1493:'s five string quartets (1951, 1959, 1971, 1986, 1995).
2627:
String Quartet Sound-bites from lesser known composers
2253:
Beaumont, Antony. 2001. "Zemlinsky , Alexander (von).
2236:
Baldassarre, Antonio : "String Quartet: §4", in:
1858:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 650.
1744:
1503:(1962), Tetras (1983), Tetora (1990) and Ergma (1994).
874:, written in the 1970s, comprises six slow movements.
588:
span the full range of his career, from 1828 to 1847;
527:
tendency in music written for four equal instruments.
2648:
2491:
The Four & the One: In Praise of String Quartets
2151:
2006:
2493:(Fort Bragg, California: Lost Coast Press, 1999);
713:. Three important string quartets were written by
2208:Introduction: Helicopter String Quartet (1992/93)
1961:
1959:
1957:
1934:
1855:The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Music
1280:String Quartet No. 12 in F major, "American"
5540:
2375:& Feder, Georg: "Joseph Haydn", article in:
1278:'s String Quartets Nos. 9–14, particularly
894:for violin, viola and two cellos, played at the
578:, which he saw as his most perfect single work.
4634:
2407:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003);
2378:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2331:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2264:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2255:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2238:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1447:String Quartet No. 8 in C minor, Op. 110 (1960)
1290:String Quartet No. 1 in E minor, "From my Life"
877:
350:notes, they draw stylistically on the Austrian
342:I, slow movement, minuet and trio II, and fast
2623:works for string quartet by American composers
2476:The Great Haydn Quartets. Their Interpretation
2329:Griffiths, Paul: "String Quartet: §§5–9", in:
1954:
1765:This would put the date earlier, around 1750;
1591:
701:wrote a total of five string quartets; he won
93:composers composed string quartets, including
5033:
4620:
4005:
2686:
2509:The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
2404:The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet
2024:For a complete analysis of this quartet, see
1996:New York: Atlas Books / HarperCollins, 2005.
1415:(1925-26), later adapted for string orchestra
263:
2371:
1770:
1559:'s three string quartets (Gran Torso, 1972;
160:follow; and the fourth movement is often in
2302:(Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press).
2262:Eisen, Cliff: "String Quartet: §§1–3", in:
2235:
2049:
1337:'s String Quartet in D minor, Op. 56,
763:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5040:
5026:
4627:
4613:
4012:
3998:
2693:
2679:
2296:Biographical Notes Concerning Joseph Haydn
2290:
1782:
1389:'s Second String Quartet, Op. 15 (1913–15)
1050:Notable works for string quartet include:
1039:
178:
2601:Greg Sandow – Introducing String Quartets
2397:
2328:
2306:
2219:
2182:
2145:
2128:
2074:
2037:
2025:
1694:
1631:
1463:'s 17 string quartets, in particular the
1445:'s 15 string quartets, in particular the
1196:in D minor ("Death and the Maiden"), and
1184:'s 15 string quartets, in particular the
1121:'s 23 string quartets, in particular the
783:Learn how and when to remove this message
2569:Répertoire universel du quatuor à cordes
2278:
2252:
2157:
1766:
1753:
1292:, considered the first piece of chamber
1237:, in A minor, F major and A major (1842)
881:
608:
361:Joseph Haydn playing in a string quartet
356:
187:
29:
2590:(University of California Press, 1996).
2345:
2111:
1815:
1383:(1909, 1915–17, 1926, 1927, 1934, 1939)
1351:String Quartet No. 1, "Kreutzer Sonata"
725:String quartets of the classical period
27:Musical ensemble of four string players
14:
5541:
2548:
1903:
1878:
1706:
604:
574:, Beethoven cited his own favorite as
535:Quartet composition flourished in the
5021:
4608:
3993:
2674:
2553:. Edinburgh: Candle Row Press, 2023.
2341:(London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).
2274:(London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).
2261:
2248:(London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).
2012:
1844:
1652:(1912) cites the "timides essais" of
1547:'s eight string quartets (1967-2008).
937:has one violin, a viola, and a cello.
5047:
761:adding citations to reliable sources
728:
2700:
2445:(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986);
2428:Joseph Haydn and the String Quartet
944:has a piano, a violin, and a cello.
677:produced a set of ten entitled the
24:
2549:Vernon, David (5 September 2023).
2460:(String Letter Publishing, 2000);
2430:(New York: Schirmer Books, 1974);
2420:
1994:Beethoven: The Universal Composer.
1553:'s 13 string quartets (1970-2011).
969:is a string quartet with an added
951:is a string quartet with an added
689:composed over 50 string quartets.
262:wrote a set of six works entitled
85:each wrote a number of them. Many
25:
5570:
4019:
2639:Shostakovich: the string quartets
2621:Art of the States: string quartet
2594:
2511:(London: Faber and Faber, 1971);
2359:
2300:Haydn: Two Contemporary Portraits
1848:(2009). "The string quartet". In
1803:
1773:judge that Griesinger erred here.
1367:; and his second string quartet,
1363:, itself named after Beethoven's
1008:in the last two movements of his
271:
5522:
5513:
5512:
4587:
4586:
3981:List of string quartet ensembles
2658:
2286:(Laaber, Germany: Laaber, 2000).
1676:, "The earliest string quartet"
1598:List of string quartet ensembles
1066:
1046:List of string quartet composers
733:
626:
472:
454:
436:
418:
183:
5058:List of Classical-era composers
2588:The Beethoven Quartet Companion
2537:(Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1998);
2206:. Online variant version , as "
2188:
2094:from the original on 2018-07-20
2080:
2018:
1983:
1943:from the original on 2018-05-18
1928:
1897:
1872:
1838:
1809:
450:III. Menuetto allegretto (3:47)
2551:Beethoven: The String Quartets
1788:
1759:
1700:
1667:
1637:
1220:unnumbered string quartet in E
841:A fast movement, sometimes in
530:
13:
1:
2607: (archived July 18, 2011)
2352:The Oxford Companion to Music
2312:The String Quartet: A History
1649:Cours de Composition Musicale
1618:
1249:Op. 67 (in B-flat major)
1188:in C minor ("Quartettsatz"),
1123:set of six dedicated to Haydn
241:instruments performed with a
200:. There had been examples of
144:, with the first movement in
2478:(London: J. M. Dent, 1986);
2458:21st-Century String Quartets
1717:Archiv für Musikwissenschaft
1484:String Quartet in Four Parts
1288:'s two quartets, especially
922:wrote a few quintets with a
878:Variations of string quartet
795:Quartets written during the
432:II. Adagio, cantabile (4:52)
7:
3188:radio.string.quartet.vienna
2616:Beethoven's string quartets
2385:(New York: Macmillan 2002,
2284:Joseph Haydn und seine Zeit
1592:String quartets (ensembles)
856:quartets dedicated to Haydn
671:Master of the Queen's Music
223:, such as divertimenti and
10:
5575:
2365:Essays in Musical Analysis
2355:. Oxford University Press.
2229:
1771:Webster & Feder (2001)
1611:) or a location (e.g. the
1595:
1523:Sonatas for String Quartet
1512:Helikopter-Streichquartett
1243:'s three string quartets,
1208:6 numbered string quartets
1192:in A minor ("Rosamunde"),
1043:
838:and trio, in the tonic key
719:Helikopter-Streichquartett
662:, some composers, such as
414:I. Allegro moderato (6:12)
152:key; a slow movement in a
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5447:
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3706:
3630:
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3534:
3453:
3397:
3206:
3145:
3090:
2724:
2708:
2426:Barrett-Ayres, Reginald:
1883:. New York: Atlas Books.
1319:String Quartet in G minor
1309:String Quartet in D major
523:; or from the inherently
308:Haydn's early biographer
206:Georg Christoph Wagenseil
4348:(changing string tuning)
2292:Griesinger, Georg August
1904:Németh, Zsombor (2022).
1607:), a composer (e.g. the
1433:'s string quartet (1931)
1349:'s two string quartets,
1266:'s three string quartets
1264:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
693:has written eleven, and
468:IV. Finale vivace (1:31)
249:(such as the cello) and
245:section consisting of a
5559:Types of musical groups
1935:EntertainersWorldwide.
1879:Morris, Edmund (2005).
1730:10.25162/afmw-2009-0016
1235:string quartets, Op. 41
1119:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1040:Notable string quartets
487:of actual or potential
310:Georg August Griesinger
179:History and development
91:early-twentieth-century
5455:Common practice period
2586:Winter, Robert (ed.):
1967:Famous String quartets
1881:The Universal Composer
1674:Arthur Eaglefield Hull
1561:Reigen seliger Geister
1453:Op. 144 (1974) in six
899:
681:(to a commission from
658:especially. After the
635:
362:
335:
312:tells the story thus:
264:
193:
119:Second Viennese School
38:
5418:Turkish music (style)
5072:First Viennese School
4744:Flute, viola and harp
4737:Clarinet–violin–piano
4569:Violin musical styles
4517:History of the violin
4153:Electric upright bass
2314:. Thames and Hudson.
1971:SapphireQuartet.co.uk
1937:"String Quartet FAQs"
1819:The Musical Quarterly
1679:The Musical Quarterly
1571:Second String Quartet
1563:, 1989; Grido, 2001).
1507:Karlheinz Stockhausen
1407:String Quartet, Op. 3
1198:String Quartet No. 15
1194:String Quartet No. 14
1190:String Quartet No. 13
1186:String Quartet No. 12
1010:second string quartet
918:utilized two cellos.
885:
685:) from 2001 to 2007.
669:During his tenure as
612:
594:three string quartets
360:
314:
191:
33:
5465:Age of Enlightenment
4732:Clarinet–viola–piano
4727:Clarinet–cello–piano
4420:Double bass concerto
1922:10.1556/6.2021.00019
1431:Ruth Crawford-Seeger
1397:four string quartets
1353:(1923), inspired by
1321:, Op. 10 (1893)
1212:String Quartet No. 2
1210:, in particular the
1133:Ludwig van Beethoven
1034:electric instruments
892:String Quartet No. 2
834:or (in later works)
757:improve this section
687:Margaret Jones Wiles
675:Peter Maxwell Davies
648:String Quartet No. 2
623:String Quartet No. 1
260:Alessandro Scarlatti
168:, in the tonic key.
5377:Classical orchestra
4876:Rock or pop quintet
4817:Rock or pop quartet
4449:Related instruments
4363:and genres of music
4329:Finger substitution
2535:Indivisible by Four
2383:The New Grove Haydn
1910:Studia Musicologica
1579:'s 43-hour digital
1545:Salvatore Sciarrino
1531:Dum transisset I-IV
1471:("Brazilian"), and
1443:Dmitri Shostakovich
1387:Alexander Zemlinsky
1381:six string quartets
1360:The Kreutzer Sonata
1331:, in F major (1903)
973:, such as those by
808:A fast movement in
605:In the 20th century
586:six string quartets
552:composers, such as
294:castle at Weinzierl
282:Franz Xaver Richter
280:has suggested that
36:Fitzwilliam Quartet
4054:Five-string violin
3643:1st Adolph Brodsky
3264:2nd Adolph Brodsky
2567:Vuibert, Francis:
2531:Steinhardt, Arnold
1977:2012-04-18 at the
1585:Cobar Sound Chapel
1461:Heitor Villa-Lobos
1214:(early example of
1149:five late quartets
1093:68 string quartets
900:
849:, in the tonic key
823:, in a related key
636:
621:from Schoenberg's
380:Nikolaus Esterházy
378:(played by Prince
363:
194:
148:, allegro, in the
39:
5536:
5535:
5015:
5014:
4777:heavy metal music
4636:Musical ensembles
4602:
4601:
4171:
4170:
3987:
3986:
3653:Fanny Mendelssohn
2581:978-2-9531544-0-5
2347:Scholes, Percy A.
2040:, pp. 239ff.
1581:String Quartet(s)
1557:Helmut Lachenmann
1519:Brian Ferneyhough
1393:Arnold Schoenberg
1218:), and the early
1204:Felix Mendelssohn
1076:Merel Quartet at
1071:
847:sonata rondo form
793:
792:
785:
715:Helmut Lachenmann
705:for two of them:
632:
495:The musicologist
477:
459:
441:
423:
276:The musicologist
166:sonata rondo form
16:(Redirected from
5566:
5526:
5516:
5515:
5049:Classical period
5042:
5035:
5028:
5019:
5018:
5007:String orchestra
4871:Pierrot ensemble
4693:Piano four hands
4629:
4622:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4590:
4589:
4512:Violin acoustics
4466:Hardanger fiddle
4400:String orchestra
4064:Alexander violin
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2662:
2661:
2654:
2633:European archive
2564:
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2399:Wyn Jones, David
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2280:Finscher, Ludwig
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1613:Budapest Quartet
1475:String Quartets.
1370:Intimate Letters
1225:
1224:
1095:, in particular
1073:
1072:
967:clarinet quintet
797:classical period
788:
781:
777:
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660:Second World War
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513:music publishing
509:miniature scores
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255:Gregorio Allegri
221:string orchestra
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5439:Galant Schemata
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5413:Sensitive style
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5370:Instrumentation
5365:
5099:Mannheim school
5060:
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5016:
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4965:
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4764:Piano six hands
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4564:Violin lutherie
4500:
4476:Lira da braccio
4444:
4405:Violin concerto
4362:
4356:
4256:
4167:
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4125:Cello da spalla
4120:Baritone violin
4101:
4073:
4059:Violino piccolo
4044:Electric violin
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3974:
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3858:Latinoamericano
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3794:
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3724:Budapest (1917)
3719:Budapest (1886)
3702:
3678:Müller Brothers
3668:Ludwig Schuster
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2702:String quartets
2699:
2669:
2665:Classical music
2659:
2657:
2649:
2605:Wayback Machine
2597:
2573:ProQuartet-CEMC
2561:
2519:(soft covers),
2489:Rounds, David:
2456:Eisler, Edith:
2423:
2421:Further reading
2322:
2308:Griffiths, Paul
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1609:Borodin Quartet
1600:
1594:
1365:Kreutzer Sonata
1294:programme music
1286:Bedřich Smetana
1241:Johannes Brahms
1231:Robert Schumann
1222:
1221:
1147:as well as the
1085:
1084:
1083:
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1078:Tonhalle Zürich
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1030:İlhan Mimaroğlu
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845:or movement in
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703:Pulitzer Prizes
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619:quartal harmony
613:String quartet
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348:Ludwig Finscher
340:minuet and trio
325:Albrechtsberger
274:
247:bass instrument
237:, in which two
217:David Wyn Jones
210:Ignaz Holzbauer
186:
181:
158:minuet and trio
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18:String quartets
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4785:
4780:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4718:
4716:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4641:
4640:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4527:Bass amplifier
4519:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4440:Carnatic music
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4415:Cello concerto
4412:
4410:Viola concerto
4407:
4402:
4397:
4395:String section
4392:
4387:
4382:
4380:String quintet
4377:
4372:
4370:String quartet
4366:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4266:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4135:Electric cello
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4087:Vertical viola
4083:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3939:St. Petersburg
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Ševčík-Lhotský
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2777:Brooklyn Rider
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2596:
2595:External links
2593:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2565:
2560:978-1739659929
2559:
2546:
2528:
2505:Rosen, Charles
2502:
2487:
2469:
2454:
2439:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2395:
2373:Webster, James
2369:
2357:
2343:
2326:
2320:
2304:
2288:
2276:
2259:
2250:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:Griffiths 2001
2212:
2187:
2183:Griffiths 2001
2162:
2150:
2146:Griffiths 2001
2133:
2129:Griffiths 2001
2116:
2104:
2079:
2075:Griffiths 2001
2054:
2042:
2038:Wyn Jones 2003
2030:
2026:Griffiths 1983
2017:
2005:
1990:Morris, Edmund
1982:
1953:
1927:
1896:
1889:
1871:
1864:
1837:
1826:(2): 211–212.
1808:
1796:
1787:
1775:
1758:
1743:
1724:(4): 306–320.
1699:
1695:Wyn Jones 2003
1687:
1666:
1636:
1632:Wyn Jones 2003
1623:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1605:Takács Quartet
1596:Main article:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1574:
1567:Morton Feldman
1564:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1516:
1504:
1497:Iannis Xenakis
1494:
1491:Elliott Carter
1488:
1476:
1458:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1425:Darius Milhaud
1422:
1416:
1400:
1390:
1384:
1374:
1344:
1332:
1329:String Quartet
1322:
1315:Claude Debussy
1312:
1302:
1296:
1283:
1276:Antonín Dvořák
1273:
1267:
1261:
1258:String Quartet
1254:Giuseppe Verdi
1251:
1238:
1228:
1201:
1182:Franz Schubert
1179:
1137:Op. 59 nos 1–3
1130:
1129:("Dissonance")
1116:
1075:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1041:
1038:
990:
989:
982:
963:
956:
945:
938:
931:
916:string quintet
908:string quintet
879:
876:
851:
850:
839:
824:
817:
805:
791:
790:
741:
739:
732:
726:
723:
699:Elliott Carter
695:Robin Holloway
691:David Matthews
679:Naxos Quartets
606:
603:
568:minor, Op. 131
532:
529:
489:basso continuo
471:
466:
465:
453:
448:
447:
435:
430:
429:
417:
412:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:
278:Hartmut Schick
273:
272:Haydn's impact
270:
185:
182:
180:
177:
43:string quartet
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5571:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5554:Chamber music
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5519:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5498:Baroque music
5491:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5316:Saint-Georges
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5146:C. P. E. Bach
5144:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5031:
5029:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4722:Clarinet trio
4720:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4637:
4630:
4625:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4595:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:Violin sonata
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:String sextet
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Shoulder rest
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:Viola pomposa
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4021:Violin family
4015:
4010:
4008:
4003:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Demon Strings
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
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3199:
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3176:
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3173:Hellmesberger
3171:
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3057:Turtle Island
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3022:San Francisco
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3000:
2998:
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2977:New Hungarian
2975:
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2599:
2598:
2589:
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2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2543:0-374-52700-8
2540:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2525:0-571-09118-0
2522:
2518:
2517:0-571-10234-4
2514:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2499:1-882897-26-9
2496:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:0-460-86107-7
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2466:1-890490-15-6
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:0-394-53985-0
2448:
2444:
2441:Blum, David:
2440:
2437:
2436:0-02-870400-2
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2413:0-521-00042-4
2410:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2391:0-19-516904-2
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:Tovey, Donald
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2335:Stanley Sadie
2332:
2327:
2323:
2321:0-500-27383-9
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:Stanley Sadie
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2242:Stanley Sadie
2239:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2204:1-885490-07-0
2201:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2159:
2158:Beaumont 2001
2154:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2093:
2089:
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2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2002:0-06-075974-7
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1890:0-06-075974-7
1886:
1882:
1875:
1867:
1865:9781139056038
1861:
1857:
1856:
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1841:
1833:
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1821:
1820:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1754:Finscher 2000
1750:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:(in German).
1719:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1685:(1929:72–76).
1684:
1681:
1680:
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1633:
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1624:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:Georges Lentz
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:Wolfgang Rihm
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
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1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:("Popular"),
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
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1372:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:Voces intimae
1336:
1335:Jean Sibelius
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:Maurice Ravel
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:Anton Arensky
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
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1236:
1232:
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1199:
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1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
987:
986:string sextet
983:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:
960:piano quartet
957:
954:
950:
949:piano quintet
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:
903:
897:
893:
889:
884:
875:
873:
872:final quartet
869:
865:
859:
857:
848:
844:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:
821:slow movement
818:
815:
811:
807:
806:
804:
802:
798:
787:
784:
776:
766:
762:
758:
752:
751:
747:
742:This section
740:
736:
731:
730:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:Naxos Records
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:(who added a
641:
624:
620:
616:
611:
602:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
577:
573:
572:late quartets
569:
559:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
498:
493:
490:
469:
451:
433:
415:
404:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Kapellmeister
359:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:
332:
331:
326:
323:
322:contrapuntist
319:
313:
311:
306:
304:
299:
295:
290:
288:
283:
279:
269:
266:
261:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
190:
184:Early history
176:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:Classical era
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
37:
32:
19:
5503:
5496:
5398:Galant music
5381:
5002:Singakademie
4992:Concert band
4970:Large groups
4831:
4807:Jazz quartet
4664:One-man band
4591:
4574:Violin octet
4554:Stradivarius
4435:Cello sonata
4430:Viola sonata
4390:String octet
4369:
4279:
4097:Tenor violin
4069:Stroh violin
3944:Shostakovich
3790:RTÉ Vanbrugh
3435:St. Lawrence
3420:Conservatory
3379:Spencer Dyke
3349:Philharmonic
3344:Philharmonia
3198:Schuppanzigh
3092:Asian &
3012:Philadelphia
2701:
2587:
2568:
2550:
2534:
2508:
2490:
2475:
2472:Keller, Hans
2457:
2442:
2427:
2402:
2382:
2376:
2364:
2350:
2339:John Tyrrell
2333:, edited by
2330:
2311:
2299:
2295:
2283:
2272:John Tyrrell
2266:, edited by
2263:
2254:
2246:John Tyrrell
2240:, edited by
2237:
2215:
2196:Grand Street
2195:
2190:
2153:
2112:Scholes 1938
2107:
2096:. Retrieved
2082:
2045:
2033:
2020:
2008:
1993:
1985:
1970:
1945:. Retrieved
1930:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1880:
1874:
1854:
1850:Keefe, Simon
1846:Eisen, Cliff
1840:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1799:
1790:
1778:
1761:
1721:
1715:
1702:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1648:
1639:
1627:
1601:
1580:
1570:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1510:
1500:
1482:
1419:Anton Webern
1410:
1368:
1358:
1347:Leoš Janáček
1338:
1311:(1889-1890)
1305:César Franck
1172:
1125:, including
1089:Joseph Haydn
1059:
1058:Beethoven's
1049:
994:String octet
991:
901:
896:Casals Forum
860:
853:
794:
779:
773:January 2023
770:
755:Please help
743:
668:
656:Shostakovich
637:
580:
562:Quartet in C
534:
525:contrapuntal
505:Ignaz Pleyel
502:
494:
485:
400:Donald Tovey
397:
364:
352:divertimento
336:
328:
315:
307:
297:
291:
275:
229:
214:musicologist
202:divertimenti
198:Joseph Haydn
195:
170:
139:
127:Shostakovich
67:Joseph Haydn
64:
42:
40:
5216:Hoffmeister
5186:Dittersdorf
4956:Undecet: 11
4698:Musical duo
4659:Guitar solo
4544:Jazz violin
4486:Nyckelharpa
4471:Hurdy-gurdy
4375:String trio
4319:Double stop
4222:Fingerboard
4145:Double bass
4115:Bass violin
4028:Instruments
3617:Prima Vista
3299:Fitzwilliam
3259:3rd Brodsky
3122:New Zealand
2897:Fred Sherry
2527:(hardback).
2114:, p. .
1769:as well as
1537:(2008) and
1473:Seventeenth
1412:Lyric Suite
1409:(1910) and
1377:Béla Bartók
1355:Leo Tolstoy
1216:cyclic form
1174:Grosse Fuge
1060:Grosse Fuge
1022:Ferneyhough
1004:included a
998:Mendelssohn
935:string trio
928:Ethel Smyth
924:double bass
810:sonata form
582:Mendelssohn
531:After Haydn
521:tonal color
497:Cliff Eisen
354:tradition.
287:trio sonata
235:trio sonata
154:related key
146:sonata form
95:Mendelssohn
60:double bass
5543:Categories
5460:Classicism
5448:Background
5427:Techniques
5403:Intermezzo
5361:Zingarelli
5266:Mysliveček
5161:Boccherini
5151:J. C. Bach
5134:J. Stamitz
5129:C. Stamitz
4982:Brass band
4773:rock music
4769:Power trio
4754:Organ trio
4688:Piano duet
4669:Piano solo
4456:Arpeggione
4346:Scordatura
4275:Bow stroke
4262:Techniques
4252:Tuning peg
4242:Sound post
3658:Gewandhaus
3607:Modigliani
3602:Loewenguth
3577:Arpeggione
3486:Pavel Haas
3430:New Orford
3153:Alban Berg
3102:Australian
2902:Fry Street
2832:Corigliano
2787:Carpe Diem
2098:2018-07-20
2013:Eisen 2001
1947:2018-05-18
1664:. (p. 214)
1658:Van Malder
1654:Sammartini
1619:References
1527:Adagissimo
1457:movements.
1437:Alois Hába
1403:Alban Berg
1200:in G major
1044:See also:
1002:Schoenberg
942:piano trio
920:Boccherini
640:Schoenberg
601:wrote 14.
517:orchestral
162:rondo form
48:violinists
5475:Economics
5408:Pastorale
5356:Wranitzky
5276:Paisiello
5261:L. Mozart
5166:Cherubini
5109:Cannabich
5077:Beethoven
5065:Composers
4997:Orchestra
4822:Saxophone
4749:Jazz trio
4654:Drum solo
4638:by number
4537:Slap bass
4522:Jazz bass
4361:Ensembles
4341:Pizzicato
4334:Bariolage
4324:Fingering
4314:Harmonics
4281:Col legno
4247:Tailpiece
3970:Barcelona
3914:Beethoven
3868:Northern
3821:Jerusalem
3749:Hungarian
3744:Festetics
3707:Hungarian
3688:Rosamunde
3521:New Vlach
3289:Endellion
3244:Balanescu
3183:Mosaïques
2982:New World
2937:Juilliard
2927:Hollywood
2922:Hawthorne
2882:Flonzaley
2877:Fine Arts
2867:Esterhazy
2822:Composers
2812:Cleveland
2752:Berkshire
2732:Alexander
1539:Silentium
1479:John Cage
1357:'s novel
1299:Max Reger
1233:'s three
1062:, Op. 133
1018:Ginastera
744:does not
545:Beethoven
537:Classical
372:Esterházy
318:Weinzierl
225:serenades
173:orchestra
142:movements
79:Beethoven
41:The term
5518:Category
5495: ←
5311:Sacchini
5281:Piccinni
5236:Kreutzer
5231:Koželuch
5211:M. Haydn
5206:Gyrowetz
5176:Clementi
5171:Cimarosa
5156:G. Benda
5092:Schubert
4977:Big band
4960:Duodecet
4842:Woodwind
4703:Bicinium
4593:Category
4532:Big band
4491:Pochette
4309:Arpeggio
4297:Spiccato
4207:Chinrest
4185:Bass bar
4163:Octobass
4049:Pochette
3929:Kopelman
3870:European
3842:Italiano
3739:Danubius
3734:Corvinus
3683:Petersen
3663:Henschel
3556:Silesian
3538:European
3536:Eastern
3461:Bohemian
3398:Canadian
3389:Virtuoso
3384:Stratton
3304:Gabrieli
3146:Austrian
3127:Shanghai
3082:Zoellner
3042:Stanford
3017:Pro Arte
3002:Paganini
2997:Pacifica
2967:Midnight
2907:Guarneri
2772:Brentano
2762:Borromeo
2725:American
2349:(1938).
2310:(1983).
2092:Archived
1975:Archived
1941:Archived
1738:27764460
1710:(2009).
1535:Exordium
1533:(2007),
1529:(1983),
1525:(1967),
1223:♭
1171:and the
971:clarinet
801:symphony
664:Messiaen
590:Schumann
565:♯
549:Schubert
251:keyboard
243:continuo
99:Schumann
87:Romantic
83:Schubert
54:, and a
5508:→
5480:Physics
5341:Traetta
5321:Salieri
5306:Rosetti
5241:Krommer
5124:Richter
4852:Quintet
4798:Quartet
4496:Quinton
4461:Baryton
4352:Vibrato
4302:Tremolo
4292:Portato
4287:Martelé
4158:Violone
4130:Cellone
3958:Spanish
3949:Taneyev
3924:Komitas
3919:Borodin
3902:Russian
3888:Vertavo
3878:Galatea
3851:Mexican
3837:Cremona
3830:Italian
3799:Israeli
3729:Carmine
3597:Krettly
3506:Smetana
3481:Panocha
3476:Martinů
3466:Janáček
3440:Toronto
3415:Bozzini
3369:Salomon
3364:Sacconi
3339:Methera
3329:Maggini
3319:Lindsay
3314:Kutcher
3309:Griller
3284:Element
3234:Arditti
3229:Amadeus
3224:Allegri
3219:Alberni
3214:Aeolian
3207:British
3178:Kolisch
3163:Barylli
3112:Goldner
3094:Oceanic
3067:Vitamin
3062:Vermeer
3032:Soldier
3027:Section
2987:Oberlin
2957:LaSalle
2952:Laclede
2942:Kneisel
2912:Hampton
2892:Formosa
2852:Emerson
2842:Del Sol
2827:Concord
2817:Clinton
2792:Cassatt
2747:Audubon
2742:Artaria
2709:African
2603:at the
2571:(2009)
2230:Sources
1852:(ed.).
1541:(2014).
1487:(1950).
1151:, Opp.
1014:Milhaud
1006:soprano
898:in 2023
888:Arensky
886:End of
836:scherzo
812:in the
765:removed
750:sources
646:in his
644:soprano
576:Op. 131
376:baryton
370:to the
232:Baroque
131:Babbitt
115:Debussy
111:Janáček
56:cellist
52:violist
5528:Portal
5391:Genres
5351:Wanhal
5346:Viotti
5291:Reicha
5286:Pleyel
5271:Neruda
5246:Kuhlau
5221:Hummel
5201:Gossec
5191:Dussek
5181:Czerny
5119:Fränzl
5087:Mozart
4938:String
4926:Septet
4910:String
4896:Sextet
4881:String
4832:String
4783:String
4481:Lirone
4270:Bowing
4232:Scroll
4217:F-hole
4212:Endpin
4202:Bridge
4036:Violin
3965:Casals
3934:Nevsky
3909:Atrium
3816:Carmel
3769:Tátrai
3764:Takács
3754:Kodály
3714:Bartók
3698:Vogler
3693:Signum
3631:German
3612:Pascal
3570:French
3561:Zagreb
3551:Moyzes
3511:Talich
3496:Pražák
3491:Prague
3471:Kocian
3425:Dubois
3359:Regent
3334:Medici
3324:London
3294:Escala
3249:Belcea
3137:Zephyr
3047:Takács
3007:Perolé
2947:Kronos
2917:Harlem
2862:Escher
2837:Curtis
2807:Ciompi
2802:Chiara
2797:Cavani
2782:Calder
2767:Boston
2737:Ancora
2716:Soweto
2651:Portal
2579:
2557:
2541:
2523:
2515:
2497:
2482:
2464:
2449:
2434:
2411:
2389:
2318:
2202:
2000:
1887:
1862:
1832:741992
1830:
1756:, 398.
1736:
1697:, 178.
1662:Gossec
1660:&
1644:D'Indy
1634:, 179.
1455:Adagio
1451:No. 15
1449:, and
1373:(1928)
1343:(1909)
1260:(1873)
1167:, and
1145:Op. 95
1141:Op. 74
1127:K. 465
1113:Op. 51
1109:Op. 64
1105:Op. 76
1101:Op. 33
1097:Op. 20
1026:Davies
979:Brahms
975:Mozart
912:Mozart
864:fourth
828:minuet
654:, and
652:Bartók
599:Dvořák
558:Bartók
554:Wagner
541:Mozart
393:fugues
389:Mozart
344:finale
298:ad hoc
156:and a
135:Carter
133:, and
123:Bartók
113:, and
107:Dvořák
103:Brahms
75:Mozart
73:, and
58:. The
5336:Spohr
5331:Soler
5326:Sarti
5256:Méhul
5226:Kraus
5196:Gluck
5082:Haydn
4987:Choir
4951:Decet
4945:Nonet
4932:Octet
4919:Other
4905:Piano
4866:Piano
4861:Brass
4827:Flute
4812:Piano
4759:Piano
4549:Rosin
4505:Other
4177:Parts
4107:Cello
4079:Viola
3893:Ysaÿe
3806:Ariel
3783:Irish
3759:Léner
3673:Melos
3648:Busch
3622:Ysaÿe
3592:Ébène
3587:Capet
3526:Wihan
3516:Vlach
3454:Czech
3445:Vaghy
3410:Annex
3405:Amati
3374:Smith
3354:RaVen
3269:Coull
3239:Badke
3168:Hagen
3132:T'ang
3052:Tokyo
3037:Sonus
2992:Orion
2962:Miami
2872:Ethel
2847:Dover
2757:Blair
2222:, §9.
2185:, §8.
2148:, §7.
2131:, §6.
2077:, §5.
2015:, §3.
1828:JSTOR
1804:Tovey
1785:, 13.
1734:JSTOR
1469:Sixth
1465:Fifth
1226:major
953:piano
868:fifth
843:rondo
814:tonic
711:No. 3
707:No. 2
615:score
539:era.
346:. As
150:tonic
5301:Rode
5296:Ries
5141:Abel
5114:Fils
5104:Beck
4962:: 12
4953:: 10
4934:: 8
4886:Wind
4837:Wind
4788:Reed
4775:and
4771:(in
4713:Trio
4679:Duet
4645:Solo
4559:Viol
4195:Frog
3883:Oslo
3811:Aviv
3774:Végh
3638:Amar
3582:Béla
3546:Atom
3279:Duke
3254:Bond
3193:Rosé
3158:ALEA
3117:Jade
3107:Bond
3077:Ying
3072:Yale
2972:Miró
2932:JACK
2887:FLUX
2857:Enso
2577:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2539:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2513:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2480:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2447:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2337:and
2316:ISBN
2270:and
2244:and
2200:ISBN
1998:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1860:ISBN
1501:ST/4
1247:and
1143:and
984:The
977:and
965:The
958:The
947:The
940:The
933:The
906:The
866:and
832:trio
830:and
748:any
746:cite
709:and
556:and
547:and
303:Opp.
239:solo
208:and
89:and
81:and
50:, a
34:The
5470:Art
4947:: 9
4928:: 7
4898:: 6
4854:: 5
4800:: 4
4715:: 3
4681:: 2
4647:: 1
4227:Nut
4190:Bow
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1918:doi
1806:, .
1726:doi
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1509:'s
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1379:'s
1327:'s
1317:'s
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1169:135
1165:132
1161:131
1157:130
1153:127
1091:'s
996:by
890:'s
816:key
759:by
650:),
592:'s
584:'s
330:sic
164:or
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2575:;
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2367:.
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2165:^
2136:^
2119:^
2090:.
2057:^
2028:,
1992:,
1973:.
1956:^
1939:.
1914:62
1912:.
1908:.
1824:67
1822:.
1746:^
1732:.
1722:66
1683:15
1656:,
1163:,
1159:,
1155:,
1139:,
1107:,
1103:,
1099:,
1036:.
1028:,
1024:,
1020:,
1016:,
826:A
819:A
803::
673:,
543:,
385:20
175:.
129:,
125:,
121:,
109:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
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5041:e
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2468:.
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2438:.
2415:.
2324:.
2160:.
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2052:.
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1950:.
1924:.
1920::
1893:.
1868:.
1834:.
1740:.
1728::
1587:.
1176:,
1115:)
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955:.
930:.
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780:(
775:)
771:(
767:.
753:.
625:)
617:(
285:'
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