40:
986:, in 1963 had levels of Sr in their deciduous teeth that was 50 times higher than that found in children born in 1950, before the advent of large-scale atomic testing. Reviewers of the study predicted that the fallout would cause increased incidence of disease in those who absorbed strontium-90 into their bones. However, no follow up studies of the subjects have been performed, so the claim is untested.
789:
of strontium-90 in humans has variously been reported as from 14 to 600 days, 1000 days, 18 years, 30 years and, at an upper limit, 49 years. The wide-ranging published biological half life figures are explained by strontium's complex metabolism within the body. However, by averaging all excretion
942:
the possibility of using the radioactive byproducts from enrichment to contaminate the German food supply. The background was fear that the German atomic bomb project was already at an advanced stage, and Fermi was also skeptical at the time that an atomic bomb could be developed quickly enough.
670:
Strontium-90 is classified as high-level waste. Its 29-year half-life means that it can take hundreds of years to decay to negligible levels. Exposure from contaminated water and food may increase the risk of
967:
to be released as a part of a nuclear reactor accident because it is much less volatile, but is probably the most dangerous component of the radioactive fallout from a nuclear weapon.
758:. After entering the organism, most often by ingestion with contaminated food or water, about 70–80% of the dose gets excreted. Virtually all remaining strontium-90 is deposited in
864:, usually in the form of strontium titanate. It was also used in the US "Sentinel" series of RTGs. Startup company Zeno Power is developing RTGs that use strontium-90 from the
852:
The radioactive decay of strontium-90 generates a significant amount of heat, 0.95 W/g in the form of pure strontium metal or approximately 0.460 W/g as
1360:"Biosorption of Strontium from Simulated Nuclear Wastewater by Scenedesmus spinosus under Culture Conditions: Adsorption and Bioaccumulation Processes and Models"
679:. Reportedly, thousands of capsules of radioactive strontium containing millions of curies are stored at Hanford Site's Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility.
691:
have not shown selectivity between calcium and strontium, often becoming saturated with calcium, which is greater in quantity and also present in nuclear waste.
955:
were also briefed, but
Oppenheimer wanted to proceed with the plan only if enough food could be contaminated with the weapon to kill half a million people.
1701:"An application of in vivo whole body counting technique for studying strontium metabolism and internal dose reconstruction for the Techa River population"
1028:
released strontium-90 and other radioactive material into the environment. It is estimated to have released 20 MCi (800 PBq) of radioactivity. The
1417:
1341:
1994:
1078:
Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references".
1640:
1148:
2083:
1358:
Liu, Mingxue; Dong, Faqin; Kang, Wu; Sun, Shiyong; Wei, Hongfu; Zhang, Wei; Nie, Xiaoqin; Guo, Yuting; Huang, Ting; Liu, Yuanyuan (2014).
1825:
Assessment of environmental, health and safety consequences of decommissioning radioisotope thermal generators (RTGs) in
Northwest Russia
1113:
1867:
1579:
1261:
1446:
1472:
1144:
2043:
1674:
1832:
1546:
982:, found a large increase in Sr levels through the 1950s and early 1960s. The study's final results showed that children born in
1926:
1966:
1241:
1188:
861:
1611:
1059:
26:
1032:
had from the accident until 2013 released 0.1 to 1 PBq of strontium-90 in the form of contaminated cooling water into the
1800:
865:
2213:
1348:"Long-Term Storage of Cesium and Strontium at the Hanford Site" Inspector General Report No. OAS-L-14-04 . March 2014.
304:
is nonradioactive and nontoxic at levels normally found in the environment, but Sr is a radiation hazard. Sr undergoes
1823:
2109:"Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters – a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout"
1525:
994:
1508:
2203:
1413:
340:
with a half-life of 64 hours and a decay energy of 2.28 MeV distributed to an electron, an antineutrino, and
2208:
836:
1900:
548:
520:
1152:
1029:
1338:
1215:
2198:
1409:
1054:
801:
1990:
817:
1636:
2070:
1572:
1006:
917:
369:
285:
793:
The elimination rate of strontium-90 is strongly affected by age and sex, due to differences in
124:
1860:
1105:
2079:
1866:. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. June 1994. OTA-BP-ETI-129.
1822:
Standring, WJF; Selnæs, ØG; Sneve, M; Finne, IE; Hosseini, A; Amundsen, I; Strand, P (2005),
1257:
939:
828:
766:, with the remaining 1% remaining in blood and soft tissues. Its presence in bones can cause
647:
394:
249:
212:
1483:
1439:
2120:
1712:
929:
901:
786:
460:
2040:
897:
8:
1958:
1663:
983:
22:
2124:
1716:
1550:
2052:
1386:
1359:
1316:
1289:
1017:
905:
853:
832:
813:
623:
2148:
1972:
1962:
1771:
1730:
1725:
1700:
1391:
1321:
1237:
979:
627:
356:
289:
216:
119:
112:
58:
2169:
272:
of 0.546 MeV. Strontium-90 has applications in medicine and industry and is an
39:
2138:
2128:
1922:
1761:
1720:
1517:
1381:
1371:
1311:
1301:
1087:
1025:
412:
68:
1179:
2066:
2047:
1604:
1345:
1219:
1109:
1010:
990:
971:
948:
794:
755:
643:
635:
631:
619:
399:
281:
277:
253:
1699:
Shagina, N B; Bougrov, N G; Degteva, M O; Kozheurov, V P; Tolstykh, E I (2006).
687:
Algae has shown selectivity for strontium in studies, where most plants used in
2016:
1948:
1091:
1024:, or about 5% of the core inventory, of strontium-90 into the environment. The
998:
920:
in some helicopters with hollow blade spars to indicate if a crack has formed.
824:
688:
352:
emission from the decay of Y is so infrequent that it can normally be ignored.
95:
1976:
1790:
989:
An article with the study's initial findings was circulated to U.S. President
812:, it was among the most important isotopes regarding health impacts after the
2192:
2152:
1734:
1033:
952:
944:
857:
659:
436:
345:
166:
159:
78:
2133:
2108:
1376:
596:
487:
1775:
1395:
1325:
1002:
975:
935:
889:
885:
884:
Sr finds extensive use in medicine as a radioactive source for superficial
790:
paths, the overall biological half life is estimated to be about 18 years.
639:
585:
476:
425:
405:
349:
325:
317:
313:
269:
192:
188:
1766:
1749:
1306:
1045:
964:
893:
821:
805:
767:
763:
747:
709:
700:
676:
655:
651:
534:
246:
153:
1836:
2021:
876:
Sr finds use in industry as a radioactive source for thickness gauges.
809:
779:
721:
716:, suggesting that it may be appropriate for use of nuclear wastewater.
452:
418:
337:
333:
305:
265:
261:
201:
183:
171:
1952:
2143:
1521:
1021:
730:
695:
360:
341:
309:
301:
257:
131:
1510:
Ecotoxicity
Literature Review of Selected Hanford Site Contaminants
1339:
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f14/OAS-L-14-04.pdf
775:
771:
672:
563:
378:
321:
1258:"Livechart - Table of Nuclides - Nuclear structure and decay data"
1049:
751:
329:
273:
1187:, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, April 2004,
847:
1232:
Delacroix, D.; Guerre, J. P.; Leblanc, P.; Hickman, C. (2002).
726:
708:) in simulated wastewater. The study claims a highly selective
2107:
Povinec, P. P.; Aoyama, M.; Biddulph, D.; et al. (2013).
1698:
344:(zirconium), which is stable. Note that Sr/Y is almost a pure
21:
This article is about the chemical isotope. For the band, see
2067:"II: The release, dispersion and deposition of radionuclides"
2041:"Dr. Louise Reiss, Who Helped Ban Atomic Testing, Dies at 90"
1892:
1578:. Epidemiology, Health and Social Services, State of Alaska.
1231:
705:
2106:
1795:
759:
388:
1748:
Boehm BO, Rosinger S, Belyi D, Dietrich JW (August 2011).
1747:
1212:
827:
that is similar to that of calcium, the increased risk of
1821:
45:
2072:
1234:
Radionuclide and
Radiation Protection Data Handbook 2002
958:
725:
using stable strontium found that varying the ratio of
1145:"Strontium | Radiation Protection | US EPA"
860:. It is used as a heat source in many Russian/Soviet
1290:"HAZARDOUS WASTE: Pond Algae Sequester Strontium-90"
1077:
2019:(25 April 1959). "Strontium-90 in U.S. Children".
1750:"The Parathyroid as a Target for Radiation Damage"
1692:
694:Researchers have looked at the bioaccumulation of
2100:
2190:
1222:at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US.
750:" that exhibits biochemical behavior similar to
646:fission as in today's nuclear power plants, the
25:. For fictional references to strontium-90, see
1236:(2nd ed.). Nuclear Technology Publishing.
839:could be explained by binding of strontium-90.
2056:, January 10, 2011. Accessed January 10, 2011.
1923:"Wireless blade monitoring system and process"
1861:"Power Sources for Remote Arctic Applications"
1661:
1573:"Radioisotopes That May Impact Food Resources"
1357:
888:of some cancers. Controlled amounts of Sr and
1788:
1610:. Argonne National Laboratory. October 2001.
993:in 1961, and helped convince him to sign the
848:Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs)
1983:
1662:Glasstone, Samuel; Dolan, Philip J. (1977).
1250:
1402:
1098:
871:
38:
2142:
2132:
1765:
1741:
1724:
1385:
1375:
1315:
1305:
1071:
947:, who suggested the use of strontium-90.
911:
868:, and is aiming to ship product by 2026.
733:in water improved strontium selectivity.
622:. It is present in significant amount in
554:
1833:Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority
1815:
1547:"Freshwater Ecology and Human Influence"
1283:
1281:
1279:
943:Oppenheimer discussed the proposal with
525:
2015:
1174:
1172:
1170:
963:Strontium-90 is not quite as likely as
923:
879:
2191:
1947:
1789:Harris, Dale; Epstein, Joseph (1968).
1506:
1480:Hanford Site 2001 Environmental Report
1470:
1287:
862:radioisotope thermoelectric generators
816:. As strontium has an affinity to the
741:
2174:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
2033:
1853:
1705:Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1643:from the original on 14 December 2021
1276:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
736:
1915:
1791:Properties of Selected Radioisotopes
1617:from the original on 24 January 2014
1605:"Human Health Fact Sheet: Strontium"
1549:. Area IV Envirothon. Archived from
1528:from the original on 22 October 2021
1473:"4.5 Fish and Wildlife Surveillance"
1167:
1009:that placed the greatest amounts of
970:A study of hundreds of thousands of
856:and is cheaper than the alternative
774:. Exposure to Sr can be tested by a
27:Materials science in science fiction
1873:from the original on 9 October 2022
1585:from the original on 21 August 2014
1181:TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR STRONTIUM
959:Sr contamination in the environment
800:Together with the caesium isotopes
13:
1929:from the original on 17 April 2021
1680:from the original on 10 March 2023
1264:from the original on 23 March 2019
1225:
1128:
978:and her colleagues as part of the
613:
14:
2225:
2162:
2089:from the original on 22 June 2015
1997:from the original on 15 June 2012
1903:from the original on 2 March 2024
1420:from the original on 1 April 2019
1803:from the original on 15 May 2023
1452:from the original on 22 May 2023
1414:US Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1116:from the original on 18 May 2023
770:, cancer of nearby tissues, and
665:
295:
16:Radioactive isotope of strontium
2059:
2009:
1941:
1885:
1782:
1754:New England Journal of Medicine
1655:
1629:
1597:
1565:
1539:
1500:
1464:
1432:
1364:Int J Environ Res Public Health
1351:
1194:from the original on 7 May 2021
1151:. 24 April 2012. Archived from
995:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
1671:The effects of Nuclear Weapons
1410:"NRC: Glossary -- Bone seeker"
1332:
1205:
1106:"Table of Isotopes decay data"
682:
1:
1954:The making of the atomic bomb
1065:
908:in medicine and agriculture.
1213:National Nuclear Data Center
892:can be used in treatment of
260:of 28.8 years. It undergoes
44:Strontium-90 test source in
7:
1991:"Nuclear Fission Fragments"
1039:
837:primary hyperparathyroidism
835:power plant to suffer from
10:
2230:
2176:. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1726:10.1088/1742-6596/41/1/048
1030:Fukushima Daiichi disaster
1005:, ending the above-ground
927:
712:capacity for strontium of
336:, which in turn undergoes
217:Complete table of nuclides
20:
2214:Radioactive contamination
1664:"XII: Biological Effects"
1055:Lia radiological accident
1020:released roughly 10
808:, and the iodine isotope
719:A study of the pond alga
211:
199:
182:
177:
165:
152:
130:
118:
111:
94:
77:
73:strontium-90, 90Sr, Sr-90
67:
57:
52:
37:
2170:"Strontium, Radioactive"
1092:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf
896:, and to treat coronary
818:calcium-sensing receptor
2134:10.5194/bg-10-5481-2013
1799:(Report). 19680020487.
1377:10.3390/ijerph110606099
1344:10 October 2023 at the
1294:Environ Health Perspect
1007:nuclear weapons testing
918:blade inspection method
904:. It is also used as a
872:Industrial applications
842:
286:nuclear weapons testing
1637:"Biological Half-life"
1471:Tiller, B. L. (2001),
1288:Potera, Carol (2011).
1218:1 October 2018 at the
912:Aerospace applications
902:vascular brachytherapy
722:Closterium moniliferum
2204:Isotopes of strontium
2046:19 April 2019 at the
1507:Driver, C.J. (1994),
1482:, DOE, archived from
1013:into the atmosphere.
928:Further information:
648:fission product yield
312:of 28.79 years and a
213:Isotopes of strontium
33:Strontium-90, Sr
1959:Simon & Schuster
1767:10.1056/NEJMc1104982
1307:10.1289/ehp.119-a244
930:radiological warfare
924:Radiological warfare
880:Medical applications
787:biological half-life
701:Scenedesmus spinosus
300:Naturally occurring
250:isotope of strontium
2125:2013BGeo...10.5481P
1717:2006JPhCS..41..433S
1060:Radiation poisoning
984:St. Louis, Missouri
974:, collected by Dr.
949:James Bryant Conant
778:, most commonly by
754:, the next lighter
746:Strontium-90 is a "
742:Biological activity
618:Sr is a product of
372:
34:
23:Strontium 90 (band)
2209:Radioisotope fuels
2053:The New York Times
1961:. pp. 510ff.
1018:Chernobyl disaster
940:Robert Oppenheimer
906:radioactive tracer
854:strontium titanate
814:Chernobyl disaster
737:Biological effects
624:spent nuclear fuel
366:
320:distributed to an
32:
1968:978-1-4711-1123-5
1553:on 1 January 2014
1243:978-1-870965-87-3
1080:Chinese Physics C
980:Baby Tooth Survey
628:radioactive waste
611:
610:
357:specific activity
290:nuclear accidents
222:
221:
120:Natural abundance
2221:
2199:Fission products
2185:
2183:
2181:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2119:(8): 5481–5496.
2104:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2077:
2063:
2057:
2039:Hevesi, Dennis.
2037:
2031:
2030:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1993:. HyperPhysics.
1987:
1981:
1980:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1835:, archived from
1830:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1639:. HyperPhysics.
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1595:
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1590:
1584:
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1533:
1522:10.2172/10136486
1515:
1504:
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1468:
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1461:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1370:(6): 6099–6118.
1355:
1349:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1285:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1229:
1223:
1211:Decay data from
1209:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1141:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1075:
1026:Kyshtym disaster
953:Leslie R. Groves
916:Sr is used as a
632:nuclear reactors
601:
598:
593:
571:
558:
550:
545:
529:
522:
517:
511:
492:
489:
484:
465:
462:
441:
438:
432:
401:
373:
370:fission products
365:
244:
243:
242:
235:
234:
204:
148:
147:28.79 years
143:
104:
87:
42:
35:
31:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2189:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2105:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2048:Wayback Machine
2038:
2034:
2017:Schneir, Walter
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1969:
1949:Rhodes, Richard
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1842:on 3 March 2016
1839:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1787:
1783:
1746:
1742:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:. p. 605.
1666:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1603:
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1513:
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1453:
1449:
1442:
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1433:
1423:
1421:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1356:
1352:
1346:Wayback Machine
1337:
1333:
1286:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1230:
1226:
1220:Wayback Machine
1210:
1206:
1197:
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1178:
1177:
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1156:
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1129:
1119:
1117:
1110:Lund University
1104:
1103:
1099:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1042:
1011:nuclear fallout
991:John F. Kennedy
972:deciduous teeth
961:
934:In April 1943,
932:
926:
914:
882:
874:
850:
845:
795:bone metabolism
756:group 2 element
744:
739:
685:
668:
658:6.6%, but from
644:thermal neutron
636:nuclear fallout
620:nuclear fission
616:
614:Fission product
599:
591:
569:
543:
515:
509:
490:
482:
463:
439:
430:
410:
397:
386:
384:
368:
298:
282:nuclear weapons
254:nuclear fission
241:
239:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:
229:
228:
215:
200:
158:89.9077279(16)
146:
141:
134:
98:
81:
48:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2227:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2187:
2186:
2164:
2163:External links
2161:
2159:
2158:
2113:Biogeosciences
2099:
2058:
2032:
2029:(17): 355–357.
2008:
1982:
1967:
1940:
1914:
1884:
1852:
1814:
1781:
1760:(7): 676–678.
1740:
1711:(1): 433–440.
1691:
1654:
1628:
1596:
1564:
1538:
1499:
1489:on 11 May 2013
1463:
1440:"STRONTIUM-90"
1431:
1416:. 7 May 2014.
1401:
1350:
1331:
1275:
1249:
1242:
1224:
1204:
1166:
1155:on 11 May 2012
1127:
1097:
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1038:
999:United Kingdom
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844:
841:
743:
740:
738:
735:
689:bioremediation
684:
681:
667:
664:
654:is 5.7%, from
615:
612:
609:
608:
605:
602:
594:
588:
582:
581:
578:
575:
572:
566:
560:
559:
551:
546:
544:
540:
537:
531:
530:
523:
518:
516:
512:
506:
500:
499:
496:
493:
485:
479:
473:
472:
469:
466:
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455:
449:
448:
445:
442:
434:
428:
422:
421:
416:
403:
392:
382:
376:
297:
294:
276:of concern in
240:
232:
220:
219:
209:
208:
205:
197:
196:
186:
180:
179:
175:
174:
169:
167:Decay products
163:
162:
156:
150:
149:
144:
139:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
109:
108:
105:
92:
91:
88:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
61:
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9:
6:
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3:
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2196:
2194:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:
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2150:
2145:
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2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2068:
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2055:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2012:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1838:
1834:
1827:
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1797:
1792:
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1777:
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1722:
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1658:
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1632:
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1600:
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1574:
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1253:
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1034:Pacific Ocean
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985:
981:
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966:
956:
954:
950:
946:
945:Edward Teller
941:
938:suggested to
937:
931:
921:
919:
909:
907:
903:
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734:
732:
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724:
723:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
692:
690:
680:
678:
674:
666:Nuclear waste
663:
661:
660:plutonium-239
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:nuclear tests
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
606:
603:
595:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
576:
573:
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562:
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538:
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470:
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420:
417:
414:
409:
408:
404:
396:
393:
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385:
381:
377:
375:
374:
371:
367:Medium-lived
364:
362:
359:of 5.21
358:
353:
351:
347:
346:beta particle
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
296:Radioactivity
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
226:
218:
214:
210:
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203:
198:
194:
190:
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102:
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89:
85:
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2026:
2020:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1985:
1953:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1896:
1893:"Zeno Power"
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1855:
1844:, retrieved
1837:the original
1824:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1794:
1784:
1757:
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1670:
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1567:
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1551:the original
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1509:
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1484:the original
1479:
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1434:
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1180:
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1153:the original
1118:. Retrieved
1100:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1015:
1003:Soviet Union
988:
976:Louise Reiss
969:
962:
936:Enrico Fermi
933:
915:
886:radiotherapy
883:
875:
851:
799:
792:
784:
745:
720:
718:
713:
699:
693:
686:
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526:
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379:
354:
350:gamma photon
348:source; the
326:antineutrino
314:decay energy
299:
270:decay energy
252:produced by
225:Strontium-90
224:
223:
189:Decay energy
154:Isotope mass
136:
113:Nuclide data
100:
83:
18:
1831:, Østerås:
1456:14 December
1300:(6): A244.
965:caesium-137
894:bone cancer
829:liquidators
822:parathyroid
768:bone cancer
764:bone marrow
748:bone seeker
714:S. spinosus
710:biosorption
683:Remediation
677:bone cancer
662:only 2.0%.
656:uranium-233
652:uranium-235
247:radioactive
178:Decay modes
2193:Categories
2093:13 October
2022:The Nation
1977:1096260191
1897:Zeno Power
1877:19 October
1846:14 January
1684:14 January
1647:14 January
1621:14 January
1589:14 January
1557:14 January
1532:14 January
1493:14 January
1424:13 October
1268:13 October
1198:13 October
1120:13 October
1066:References
898:restenosis
780:urinalysis
328:, and the
266:yttrium-90
202:Beta decay
184:Decay mode
2153:1726-4189
2144:1912/6245
1735:1742-6588
997:with the
833:Chernobyl
731:strontium
696:strontium
355:Sr has a
316:of 0.546
310:half-life
302:strontium
268:, with a
258:half-life
256:, with a
132:Half-life
2084:archived
2082:, 2002,
2044:Archived
1995:Archived
1951:(2012).
1927:Archived
1901:Archived
1868:Archived
1801:Archived
1776:21848480
1675:Archived
1641:Archived
1612:Archived
1580:Archived
1526:archived
1447:Archived
1418:Archived
1396:24919131
1342:Archived
1326:21628117
1262:Archived
1260:. IAEA.
1216:Archived
1189:archived
1114:Archived
1040:See also
776:bioassay
772:leukemia
673:leukemia
574:0.00005
332:isotope
322:electron
96:Neutrons
2121:Bibcode
2001:18 June
1907:2 March
1713:Bibcode
1516:, DOE,
1387:4078568
1317:3114833
1159:18 June
1050:Sievert
831:of the
752:calcium
634:and in
600:
592:
570:
510:
491:
483:
464:
440:
431:
338:β decay
330:yttrium
308:with a
306:β decay
278:fallout
274:isotope
262:β decay
245:) is a
79:Protons
53:General
2180:15 May
2151:
1975:
1965:
1933:31 May
1807:15 May
1774:
1733:
1394:
1384:
1324:
1314:
1240:
727:barium
642:. For
597:0.5314
539:30.23
488:0.0008
461:0.2180
457:10.76
437:0.0803
288:, and
59:Symbol
2087:(PDF)
2076:(PDF)
1871:(PDF)
1864:(PDF)
1840:(PDF)
1829:(PDF)
1678:(PDF)
1667:(PDF)
1615:(PDF)
1608:(PDF)
1583:(PDF)
1576:(PDF)
1514:(PDF)
1487:(PDF)
1476:(PDF)
1450:(PDF)
1443:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
1185:(PDF)
825:cells
760:bones
706:algae
650:from
638:from
630:from
626:, in
542:6.337
514:4.505
433:4.76
395:Yield
324:, an
280:from
264:into
207:0.546
69:Names
2182:2023
2149:ISSN
2095:2014
2003:2012
1973:OCLC
1963:ISBN
1935:2018
1909:2024
1879:2012
1848:2014
1809:2023
1796:NASA
1772:PMID
1731:ISSN
1686:2014
1649:2014
1623:2014
1591:2014
1559:2014
1534:2014
1495:2014
1458:2020
1426:2014
1392:PMID
1322:PMID
1270:2014
1238:ISBN
1200:2014
1161:2012
1122:2014
1048:and
1046:Gray
1016:The
1001:and
951:and
900:via
843:Uses
804:and
785:The
762:and
675:and
590:88.8
577:390
568:43.9
549:1176
521:2826
508:28.9
495:316
481:14.1
468:687
444:252
389:year
363:/g.
2139:hdl
2129:doi
2080:NEA
2027:188
1762:doi
1758:365
1721:doi
1518:doi
1382:PMC
1372:doi
1312:PMC
1302:doi
1298:119
1149:EPA
1088:doi
1022:PBq
866:DOD
820:of
729:to
698:by
604:77
580:βγ
471:βγ
447:βγ
413:keV
361:TBq
318:MeV
193:MeV
140:1/2
125:syn
46:tin
2195::
2172:.
2147:.
2137:.
2127:.
2117:10
2115:.
2111:.
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2069:,
2050:,
2025:.
1971:.
1957:.
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1770:.
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1752:.
1729:.
1719:.
1709:41
1707:.
1703:.
1669:.
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1478:,
1445:.
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1390:.
1380:.
1368:11
1366:.
1362:.
1320:.
1310:.
1296:.
1292:.
1278:^
1169:^
1147:.
1130:^
1112:.
1108:.
1084:45
1082:.
1036:.
890:Sr
858:Pu
806:Cs
802:Cs
797:.
782:.
607:β
586:Sm
564:Sn
535:Cs
504:Sr
498:β
477:Cd
453:Kr
426:Eu
419:βγ
415:)
402:)
391:)
342:Zr
292:.
284:,
236:Sr
160:Da
107:52
90:38
63:Sr
2184:.
2155:.
2141::
2131::
2123::
2005:.
1979:.
1937:.
1911:.
1881:.
1811:.
1778:.
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1737:.
1723::
1715::
1688:.
1651:.
1625:.
1593:.
1561:.
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1398:.
1374::
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810:I
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398:(
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383:½
380:t
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