1865:
2004:, suffering has been defined as the distress a person experiences when they perceive a threat to any aspect of their continued existence, whether physical, psychological, or social. Other researchers have noted that suffering results from an inability to control actions that usually define one's view of one's self and that the characteristics of suffering include the loss of autonomy, or the loss of valued relationships or sense of self. Suffering is therefore determined not by the threat itself but, rather, by its meaning to the individual and the threat to their personhood.
3041:, which begins with this paragraph: "Pleasure, in the inclusive usages most important in moral psychology, ethical theory, and the studies of mind, includes all joy and gladness – all our feeling good, or happy. It is often contrasted with similarly inclusive pain or suffering, which is similarly thought of as including all our feeling bad." It should be mentioned that most encyclopedias, like the one mentioned above and Britannica, do not have an article about suffering and describe pain in the physical sense only.
2396:
one to relieve it and may give an inspiring direction to one's life. Alternatively, people may make self-detrimental use of suffering. Some may be caught in compulsive reenactment of painful feelings in order to protect them from seeing that those feelings have their origin in unmentionable past experiences; some may addictively indulge in disagreeable emotions like fear, anger, or jealousy, in order to enjoy pleasant feelings of arousal or release that often accompany these emotions; some may engage in acts of
2116:. In operant conditioning, a negative stimulus is removed thereby increasing a desired behavior, alternatively an aversive stimulus can be introduced as a punishing factor. In both methods, unfavorable circumstances are used in order to motivate an individual or an animal towards a certain goal. However, other theories of psychology present contradicting ideas such as the idea that humans sometimes seek out suffering. Many existentialists believe suffering is necessary in order to find meaning in our lives.
1989:" is a legal term that refers to the mental distress or physical pain endured by a plaintiff as a result of injury for which the plaintiff seeks redress. Assessments of pain and suffering are required to be made for attributing legal awards. In the Western world these are typical made by juries in a discretionary fashion and are regarded as subjective, variable, and difficult to predict, for instance in the US, UK, Australia and New Zealand. See also, in US law,
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46:
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1953:. Its main databases are about world problems (56,564 profiles), global strategies and solutions (32,547 profiles), human values (3,257 profiles), and human development (4,817 profiles). It states that "the most fundamental entry common to the core parts is that of pain (or suffering)" and "common to the core parts is the learning dimension of new understanding or insight in response to suffering".
1959:, an American author, urged in 1988 the "creation of a new and vigorous academic discipline, called panetics, to be devoted to the study of the infliction of suffering", The International Society for Panetics was founded in 1991 to study and develop ways to reduce the infliction of human suffering by individuals acting through professions, corporations, governments, and other social groups.
1628:, which prioritizes the reduction of suffering over the enhancement of happiness when speaking of utility: "I believe that there is, from the ethical point of view, no symmetry between suffering and happiness, or between pain and pleasure. ... human suffering makes a direct moral appeal for help, while there is no similar call to increase the happiness of a man who is doing well anyway."
2183:
intactness of the person". Cassell writes: "The obligation of physicians to relieve human suffering stretches back to antiquity. Despite this fact, little attention is explicitly given to the problem of suffering in medical education, research or practice." Mirroring the traditional body and mind dichotomy that underlies its teaching and practice, medicine strongly distinguishes
1681:). "Where humanitarian efforts seek a positive addition to the happiness of sentient beings, it is to make the unhappy happy rather than the happy happier. ... is an ingredient in many social attitudes; in the modern world it has so penetrated into diverse movements ... that it can hardly be said to exist in itself."
2229:
Since suffering is such a universal motivating experience, people, when asked, can relate their activities to its relief and prevention. Farmers, for instance, may claim that they prevent famine, artists may say that they take our minds off our worries, and teachers may hold that they hand down tools
2073:
takes note, thanks to neuroimaging studies, that the cingulate cortex fires up when the brain feels suffering from experimentally induced social distress, as well as physical pain. The theory proposes therefore that physical pain and social pain (i.e. two radically differing kinds of suffering) share
1851:
In Islam, the faithful must endure suffering with hope and faith, not resist or ask why, accept it as Allah's will and submit to it as a test of faith. Allah never asks more than can be endured. One must also work to alleviate the suffering of others, as well as one's own. Suffering is also seen as a
2301:
Philosopher
Leonard Katz wrote: "But Nature, as we now know, regards ultimately only fitness and not our happiness ... and does not scruple to use hate, fear, punishment and even war alongside affection in ordering social groups and selecting among them, just as she uses pain as well as pleasure to
786:
in the broad sense, may refer to the basic affective dimension of pain (its suffering aspect), usually in contrast with the sensory dimension, as for instance in this sentence: "Pain-unpleasantness is often, though not always, closely linked to both the intensity and unique qualities of the painful
2395:
In personal conduct, people may use suffering for themselves, in a positive way. Personal suffering may lead, if bitterness, depression, or spitefulness is avoided, to character-building, spiritual growth, or moral achievement; realizing the extent or gravity of suffering in the world may motivate
657:
beings in numerous manners, often dramatically. As a result, many fields of human activity are concerned with some aspects of suffering. These aspects may include the nature of suffering, its processes, its origin and causes, its meaning and significance, its related personal, social, and cultural
649:
Suffering is often categorized as physical or mental. It may come in all degrees of intensity, from mild to intolerable. Factors of duration and frequency of occurrence usually compound that of intensity. Attitudes toward suffering may vary widely, in the sufferer or other people, according to how
3050:
For instance, Wayne Hudson in
Historicizing Suffering, Chapter 14 of Perspectives on Human Suffering (Jeff Malpas and Norelle Lickiss, editors, Springer, 2012) : "According to the standard account suffering is a universal human experience described as a negative basic feeling or emotion that
3461:
In the words of `Abdu'l-BahĂĄ: "All these examples are to show you that the trials which beset our every step, all our sorrow, pain, shame and grief, are born in the world of matter; whereas the spiritual
Kingdom never causes sadness. A man living with his thoughts in this Kingdom knows perpetual
706:
are often used both together in different ways. For instance, they may be used as interchangeable synonyms. Or they may be used in 'contradistinction' to one another, as in "pain is physical, suffering is mental", or "pain is inevitable, suffering is optional". Or they may be used to define each
1939:
and others, describes "collective and individual human suffering associated with life conditions shaped by powerful social forces". Such suffering is an increasing concern in medical anthropology, ethnography, mass media analysis, and
Holocaust studies, says Iain Wilkinson, who is developing a
2182:
Health care approaches to suffering, however, remain problematic. Physician and author Eric
Cassell, widely cited on the subject of attending to the suffering person as a primary goal of medicine, has defined suffering as "the state of severe distress associated with events that threaten the
1883:
Artistic and literary works often engage with suffering, sometimes at great cost to their creators or performers. Be it in the tragic, comic or other genres, art and literature offer means to alleviate (and perhaps also exacerbate) suffering, as argued for instance in Harold
Schweizer's
3128:: "Think for a moment of the many physical symptoms which, when persistent, can make our lives miserable: nausea, hiccups, sneezing, dizziness, disorientation, loss of balance, itching, 'pins and needles', 'restless legs', tics, twitching, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, and so on."
2293:(s-risks) from emerging technologies. Another organization also focused on research, the Center on Reducing Suffering, has a similar focus, with a stress on clarifying what priorities there should be at a practical level to attain the goal of reducing intense suffering in the future.
1640:). Another aspect worthy of mention here is that many utilitarians since Bentham hold that the moral status of a being comes from its ability to feel pleasure and pain: therefore, moral agents should consider not only the interests of human beings but also those of (other) animals.
1779:, which is the difficulty of reconciling the existence of an omnipotent and benevolent god with the existence of evil: a quintessential form of evil, for many people, is extreme suffering, especially in innocent children, or in creatures destined to an eternity of torments (see
770:
should not be taken too literally: physical pain or suffering, as a matter of fact, happens through conscious minds and involves emotional aspects, while mental pain or suffering happens through physical brains and, being an emotion, involves important physiological aspects.
2415:; people may use nonphysical suffering against competitors in nonviolent power struggles; people who argue for a policy may put forward the need to relieve, prevent or avenge suffering; individuals or groups may use past suffering as a political lever in their favor.
1847:
is the belief that human suffering, when accepted and offered up in union with the "passion" (flogging and crucifixion) of Jesus, can remit the just punishment for sins, and allow oneself to grow in the love of The
Trinity, other people, and oneself.
1687:
hold this world to be mainly bad, or even the worst possible, plagued with, among other things, unbearable and unstoppable suffering. Some identify suffering as the nature of the world and conclude that it would be better if life did not exist at all.
1855:
According to the BahĂĄ'Ă Faith, all suffering is a brief and temporary manifestation of physical life, whose source is the material aspects of physical existence, and often attachment to them, whereas only joy exists in the spiritual worlds.
1817:). One must accept suffering as a just consequence and as an opportunity for spiritual progress. Thus the soul or true self, which is eternally free of any suffering, may come to manifest itself in the person, who then achieves liberation (
2221:, writes that mental illness might best be viewed as medicalization or labeling/naming suffering (i.e. that all mental illnesses might not necessarily be of dysfunction or biological-etiology, but might be social or cultural/societal).
2208:
created the concept of 'total pain' ('total suffering' say now the textbooks), which encompasses the whole set of physical and mental distress, discomfort, symptoms, problems, or needs that a patient may experience hurtfully.
2187:
from suffering, and most attention goes to the treatment of pain. Nevertheless, physical pain itself still lacks adequate attention from the medical community, according to numerous reports. Besides, some medical fields like
2048:). Despite its initial disrupting nature, suffering contributes to the organization of meaning in an individual's world and psyche. In turn, meaning determines how individuals or societies experience and deal with suffering.
1852:
blessing. Through that gift, the sufferer remembers Allah and connects with him. Suffering expunges the sins of human beings and cleanses their soul for the immense reward of the afterlife, and the avoidance of hell.
626:
in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual. Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative
2385:" to get compensation; lawyers may use a victim's suffering as an argument against the accused; an accused's or defendant's suffering may be an argument in their favor; authorities at times use light or heavy
1606:, a popular doctrine in ethics, politics, and economics. Bentham argued that the right act or policy was that which would cause "the greatest happiness of the greatest number". He suggested a procedure called
4163:
Wilson, KG.; Chochinov, HM.; McPherson, CJ.; LeMay, K.; Allard, P.; Chary, S.; Gagnon, PR.; Macmillan, K.; De Luca, M.; O'Shea, F.; Kuhl, D.; Fainsinger, RL. (May 1, 2007). "Suffering With
Advanced Cancer".
3090:
3419:
4395:: "In our era of information saturation, media uses pain, suffering, and desire to distract and to create spectacular roadkill out of poverty, deviancy, and violence (...)". See also for instance
3674:
2120:
is a theory dedicated to exploring the relationship between suffering and happiness and the belief that true authentic happiness can only come from experiencing pain and hardships.
3824:
1743:
Suffering plays an important role in a number of religions, regarding matters such as the following: consolation or relief; moral conduct (do no harm, help the afflicted, show
5661:
4282:
We currently focus on efforts to reduce the worst risks of astronomical suffering (s-risks) from emerging technologies, with a focus on transformative artificial intelligence.
7159:
2274:, which relate to precautionary measures taken by individuals or families, to interventions by the military, the police, the firefighters, and to notions or fields like
2020:
that psychologists often identify as basic in our emotional lives. The evolutionary role of physical and mental suffering, through natural selection, is primordial: it
3441:
2309:
In arts, literature, or entertainment, people may use suffering for creation, for performance, or for enjoyment. Entertainment particularly makes use of suffering in
3094:
5967:
2354:
In interpersonal relationships, especially in places like families, schools, or workplaces, suffering is used for various motives, particularly under the form of
2230:
for coping with life hazards. In certain aspects of collective life, however, suffering is more readily an explicit concern by itself. Such aspects may include
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1945:
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regarding non-evident matters), most particularly beliefs that certain things are either good or bad by nature. Suffering can be removed by developing
3758:
3642:
1962:
In economics, the following notions relate not only to the matters suggested by their positive appellations, but to the matter of suffering as well:
2139:
Disease and injury may contribute to suffering in humans and animals. For example, suffering may be a feature of mental or physical illness such as
738:
in a sense that normally includes not only the 'typical sensory experience of physical pain' but also other unpleasant bodily experiences including
5962:
4390:
3296:
3682:
1794:, a term often translated as suffering. They state the nature of suffering, its cause, its cessation, and the way leading to its cessation, the
2289:
The nongovernmental research organization Center on Long-Term Risk, formerly known as the
Foundational Research Institute, focuses on reducing
1702:, first influenced by Schopenhauer, developed afterward quite another attitude, arguing that the suffering of life is productive, exalting the
2305:
People make use of suffering for specific social or personal purposes in many areas of human life, as can be seen in the following instances:
7135:
1994:
2069:, both implicated in nociceptive and empathic pain). Various hypotheses try to account for the experience of suffering. One of these, the
3313:
3540:
1990:
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606:
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1586:
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involves a subjective character of unpleasantness, aversion, harm or threat of harm to body or mind (Spelman 1997; Cassell 1991)."
2418:
In religion, suffering is used especially to grow spiritually, to expiate, to inspire compassion and help, to frighten, to punish.
734:
for distinguishing between two wide categories of pain or suffering. A first caveat concerning such a distinction is that it uses
7167:
2100:
viewed suffering as something humans are hardwired to avoid, while they are always in the pursuit of pleasure, also known as the
3125:
2936:
In Kurt
Almqvist & Anders Haag (2017), The Return of Consciousness. Stockholm: Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation.
2931:
2131:
are some of the emerging scientific fields that could in the coming years focus their attention on the phenomenon of suffering.
4215:
2436:
In science, humans and animals are subjected on purpose to aversive experiences for the study of suffering or other phenomena.
1813:
Hinduism holds that suffering follows naturally from personal negative behaviors in one's current life or in a past life (see
1238:) to pleasure and pain: as a consequence, this doctrine has become identified with stern self-control in regard to suffering.
4147:
3880:
3352:
3014:
3002:
2941:
965:
3718:"The significance of suffering in organizations: Understanding variation in workers' responses to multiple modes of control"
3567:"Encyclopedia of world problems and human potential project â commentaries | Union of International Associations (UIA)"
3437:
3643:"Putting a Price on Pain-And-Suffering Damages: A Critique of the Current Approaches and a Preliminary Peoposal for Change"
819:
suffering is alleviated by achieving mental clarity or lucidity (áŒÏÏ
ÏÎčα: atyphia), developing self-sufficiency (αáœÏÎŹÏÎșΔÎčα:
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5409:
3855:
1950:
2348:
In business and various organizations, suffering may be used for constraining humans or animals into required behaviors.
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Fertuck, EA.; Jekal, A.; Song, I.; Wyman, B.; Morris, MC.; Wilson, ST.; Brodsky, BS.; Stanley, B. (December 2009).
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39:
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599:
1234:, the greatest good lies in reason and virtue, but the soul best reaches it through a kind of indifference (
1207:(contrary to common misperceptions of his doctrine) advocated that we should first seek to avoid suffering (
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4461:
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3755:
1579:
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6847:
5609:
4409:
4088:"Enhanced 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' in borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls"
3717:
915:
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with a robot-like response to noxious stimuli or with information-sensitive gradients of bliss, through
1405:
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35:
3777:"The Anatomy of Suffering: Understanding the Relationship between Nociceptive and Empathic Pain"
2575:
2447:, individuals may use a certain amount of physical or mental suffering (e.g. pain, humiliation).
7405:
6827:
6428:
6380:
5557:
5500:
5364:
5294:
5146:
4885:
4481:
2318:
2279:
2128:
1662:, represent the leading edge of this kind of utilitarianism for animals as well as for people.
1633:
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1530:
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1184:
1113:
1013:
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809:
567:
104:
94:
3775:
Zaki, Jamil; Wager, Tor D.; Singer, Tania; Keysers, Christian; Gazzola, Valeria (April 2016).
3697:"A Comparative Assessment of Personal Injuries Compensation Schemes: Lessons for Tort Reform?"
3310:
2061:
Many brain structures and physiological processes are involved in suffering (particularly the
793:
distress, unhappiness, misery, affliction, woe, ill, discomfort, displeasure, disagreeableness
7207:
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7127:
7083:
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other, as in "pain is physical suffering", or "suffering is severe physical or mental pain".
532:
4364:
1825:, is a central tenet of Hinduism, and even more so of another Indian religion, Jainism (see
650:
much it is regarded as avoidable or unavoidable, useful or useless, deserved or undeserved.
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2017:
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920:
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307:
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4363:
Francisco Ibåñez-Carrasco, Erica R. Meiners (eds.); Suzanne De Castell (foreword) (2004).
3594:, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 28 No. 3, Summer 1988. See also Ralph G. H. Siu,
3347:. Translated by Del Caro, Adrian. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 176â179.
8:
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1215:, free from the worrisome pursuit or the unwelcome consequences of ephemeral pleasures.
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in Journal of Pain Symptom and Management, Volume 27, Issue 3, pp. 241â250 (March 2004)
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2362:. In another fashion related to interpersonal relationships, the sick, or victims, or
2081:'s online manifesto "The Hedonistic Imperative", suffering is the avoidable result of
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2204:, do somewhat address suffering 'as such'. In palliative care, for instance, pioneer
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get us to feed, water and protect our bodies and also in forging our social bonds."
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Central Neural Mechanisms that Interrelate Sensory and Affective Dimensions of Pain
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2422:
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In a criminal context, people may use suffering for coercion, revenge, or pleasure.
2239:
2066:
1706:, despising weak compassion or pity, and recommending us to embrace willfully the '
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1963:
1936:
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960:
678:, or more often yet it refers to pain in the broad sense, i.e. to any unpleasant
367:
3249:"Suffering, hope, and entrapment: Resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan"
2321:
depiction of suffering. A more or less great amount of suffering is involved in
1747:); spiritual advancement through life hardships or through self-imposed trials (
726:, are often used to refer to certain types of pain or suffering. In particular,
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2345:, in which for instance the body is mutilated or pushed to its physical limits.
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sensation." Other current words that have a definition with some similarity to
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272:
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1632:, for his part, advocates a utilitarianism that aims straightforwardly at the
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2334:
2330:
2231:
2172:
2160:
2097:
1911:
While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;
1703:
1308:
1162:
975:
940:
517:
347:
302:
267:
217:
1803:
49:
Tragic mask on the façade of the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, Sweden
7304:
7247:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7043:
7013:
6747:
6620:
6554:
6549:
6484:
6340:
6325:
5947:
5932:
5927:
5671:
5584:
5428:
4880:
4808:
4695:
4558:
4185:
4121:
3810:
3404:
3282:
3162:
3146:
2536:
2512:
2450:
In sports, suffering may be used to outperform competitors or oneself; see
2367:
2251:
2247:
2235:
2001:
1693:
1653:
1610:, for determining how much pleasure and pain would result from any action.
1350:
1216:
1038:
995:
192:
3733:
3186:
3108:
2880:
The Importance of Suffering: the value and meaning of emotional discontent
7003:
6807:
6584:
6245:
6157:
6083:
6068:
6030:
5985:
5942:
5937:
5835:
5809:
5238:
5211:
5050:
4988:
4860:
4828:
4750:
4730:
4623:
3463:
3343:
Nietzsche, Friedrich (2006). Del Caro, Adrian; Pippin, Robert B. (eds.).
3230:
3190:
2791:
2759:
2459:
2363:
2314:
2310:
2148:
2109:
2016:
are respectively the negative and positive affects, or hedonic tones, or
1837:
1692:
recommends us to take refuge in things like art, philosophy, loss of the
1615:
1535:
397:
342:
242:
4142:(4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 1994.
7063:
7033:
7028:
7008:
6958:
6869:
6727:
6670:
6630:
6625:
6395:
6318:
6106:
6020:
5858:
5794:
5676:
5035:
4905:
4715:
4608:
4603:
4503:
4498:
3696:
3170:
3158:
3081:
2717:
2601:
2374:
2359:
2201:
1756:
1744:
1645:
1450:
1345:
1283:
1278:
1223:, as an ethical theory, claims that good and bad consist ultimately in
1088:
950:
847:
687:
502:
427:
317:
227:
157:
152:
3897:
Life in the Far North â An information-theoretic perspective on Heaven
3109:"UAB â School of Medicine â Center for Palliative and Supportive Care"
1891:
This Bruegel painting is among those that inspired W. H. Auden's poem
45:
7279:
7191:
6923:
6903:
6712:
6685:
6665:
6610:
6479:
6288:
6111:
6101:
5995:
5922:
5902:
5894:
5866:
5817:
5804:
5226:
5201:
5188:
5077:
4971:
4946:
4915:
4823:
4780:
4760:
4710:
4705:
4643:
4638:
4613:
4553:
4533:
4518:
4508:
4051: : A Linguist Reflects on the Language of Illness and Disease".
3967:
The Sweet Spot: The Pleasures of Suffering and the Search for Meaning
3517:
Social suffering. Daedalus. Proc Amer Acad Arts Sciences 1996;125(1).
2823:
2783:
2699:
2412:
2397:
2378:
2326:
2259:
2045:
2037:
1956:
1764:
1760:
1684:
1445:
1093:
1059:
1033:
955:
840:
836:
654:
643:
635:
632:
522:
442:
422:
392:
372:
352:
252:
232:
187:
167:
162:
4269:
3566:
3137:
Mental suffering can also be called psychological or emotional (see
2051:
1728:
1636:
through the use of biotechnology (see more details below in section
694:
usually refers to physical pain, but it is also a common synonym of
7309:
7274:
6908:
6893:
6817:
6812:
6777:
6767:
6680:
6615:
6589:
5799:
5221:
5216:
5206:
5141:
4978:
4900:
4890:
4855:
4842:
4725:
4668:
4618:
4598:
3178:
3009:, SpringerBriefs in Well-Being and Quality of Life Research, 2014.
2903:
Suffering, Politics, Power: a Genealogy in Modern Political Theory.
2807:
2799:
2633:
2322:
2267:
2197:
2152:
2033:
2013:
1772:
1435:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1108:
1083:
1028:
980:
925:
910:
881:
863:
824:
639:
467:
417:
407:
327:
282:
237:
4446:
4425:
Our posthuman future: consequences of the biotechnology revolution
6933:
6822:
6787:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6645:
6635:
5871:
5651:
5231:
5179:
5173:
5099:
5059:
5045:
5040:
5030:
4941:
4801:
4700:
4663:
4633:
4628:
4593:
4573:
4563:
4548:
4490:
4477:
4309:
Evolutionary origins of morality: cross-disciplinary perspectives
4232:
Existential pain â an entity, a provocation, or a challenge?
3765:, Journal of Consciousness Studies 12 (8â10), pp. 106â129 (2005).
3206:
3194:
3166:
3154:
3065:
2733:
2651:
2641:
2430:
2408:
2386:
2168:
1807:
1752:
1614:
improved and promoted the doctrine of hedonistic utilitarianism.
1440:
1053:
820:
739:
683:
679:
537:
512:
507:
497:
312:
277:
247:
222:
207:
197:
182:
78:
73:
65:
1821:). Abstinence from causing pain or harm to other beings, called
6918:
6859:
6792:
6717:
6594:
6204:
5681:
5015:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4847:
4794:
4653:
4568:
3077:
3073:
3069:
2751:
2426:
2271:
2144:
2000:
In management and organization studies, drawing on the work of
1822:
1818:
1791:
1736:
1235:
1208:
1098:
1078:
859:
855:
751:
743:
482:
377:
262:
202:
5662:
Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
4399:
about the uses and abuses of images of suffering in the media.
4138:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
6898:
6888:
5163:
5089:
4983:
4956:
4835:
4770:
4765:
4735:
4673:
4543:
4538:
4162:
3896:
3214:
3210:
3198:
3174:
3150:
2675:
2625:
2355:
2096:
Different theories of psychology view suffering differently.
1919:
In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away
851:
577:
527:
472:
452:
362:
357:
332:
287:
177:
172:
4366:
Public acts: disruptive readings on making curriculum public
3598:, Washington: The International Society for Panetics, 1994,
2403:
In politics, there is purposeful infliction of suffering in
2151:
addresses this suffering in many ways, in subfields such as
7160:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
6938:
6854:
6700:
6695:
6655:
5773:
4966:
4927:
4910:
4813:
4740:
4720:
4528:
3616:
3202:
3182:
3061:
2617:
2567:
2551:
2488:
2444:
2184:
1768:
1717:
1425:
1273:
1103:
862:(suspension of judgment) regarding beliefs, which leads to
759:
671:
462:
437:
432:
382:
337:
322:
31:
6864:
6173:
4895:
4583:
2404:
412:
212:
5968:
congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis
3541:"School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research"
2866:
Victims and Values: A History and a Theory of Suffering.
1720:
and is, through that, relevant to suffering in general.
5742:
4015:
Wong, P.T.P (2009). "Existential positive psychology".
3124:
Other examples are given by L. W. Sumner, on p. 103 of
2965:
The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World.
2400:
aimed at relieving otherwise unbearable states of mind.
2392:
In the news media, suffering is often the raw material.
1716:
is a philosophical speciality that focuses on physical
1665:
Another doctrine related to the relief of suffering is
3774:
3246:
2997:, Social Indicators Research Series, Volume 56, 2015.
2897:(pertama ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
4085:
4035:
Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonistic Psychology
3367:
Kane, P.V. History of the DharmaĆÄstras Vol. 4 p. 38
2366:, may use suffering more or less voluntarily to get
4306:
3592:
Panetics â The Study of the Infliction of Suffering
2984:
Fruits of sorrow framing our attention to suffering
2433:), rituals that make use of suffering are frequent.
2224:
2108:. This dogma also ties in with certain concepts of
1637:
4422:
4135:
3480:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
3383:The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research
3064:of various types, excessive heat, excessive cold,
2905:Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
2074:a common phenomenological and neurological basis.
1946:Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential
4420:
4200:The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine
3915:Laplanche, Jean; Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand (1988).
3914:
3475:
2895:The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine
2056:Neuroimaging sheds light on the seat of suffering
2007:
1806:) as basic for leading a holy life and attaining
7382:
5963:congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
5057:
3247:Eggerman, Panter Brick, Mark, Catherine (2010).
2341:. Another form of body art is a sub-category of
1644:came to the same conclusion in his concepts of '
839:, and indifference to the vicissitudes of life (
4033:Kahneman, D., E. Diener and N. Schwartz (eds.)
3376:
3345:Thus Spoke Zarathustra, A Book for All and None
3320:, ââMolecular Interventionsââ 2:392â403 (2002).
2381:); victims may refer to what legal texts call "
658:behaviors, its remedies, management, and uses.
4932:
3856:"The Hedonistic Imperative: Table Of Contents"
6189:
5758:
4462:
1580:
1185:
600:
7136:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
5236:
5075:
5066:
4833:
4389:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4156:
3528:Suffering â A Sociological Introduction
3333:, Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, 1937
3295:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2389:in order to get information or a confession.
2325:. The most common forms of body art include
1995:Intentional infliction of emotional distress
5735:indicate emotion names in foreign languages
4799:
2474:
1696:, and tolerance toward 'fellow-sufferers'.
803:
6196:
6182:
5765:
5751:
4469:
4455:
4046:
2950:Berkeley: University of California, 2002.
1991:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
1903:The Old Masters; how well, they understood
1587:
1573:
1192:
1178:
607:
593:
4243:
4111:
4049:I am ... , I have ... , I suffer from ...
3800:
3640:
3394:
3342:
3272:
2919:New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
2466:as instances of pain-based entertainment.
2093:and other technical scientific advances.
1836:and a test of a person's faith, like the
1211:) and that the greatest pleasure lies in
670:is sometimes used in the narrow sense of
4369:. New York: RoutledgeFalmer. p. 6.
3768:
2967:New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
2855:
2050:
1923:Quite leisurely from the disaster; (...)
1863:
1727:
778:, which some people use as a synonym of
44:
7168:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
4429:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
3939:
2981:
2266:. To these can be added the aspects of
14:
7383:
4128:
3989:
2892:
1907:Its human position; how it takes place
1899:About suffering they were never wrong,
1859:
27:Pain, mental, or emotional unhappiness
6177:
5746:
4450:
4213:National Pain Care Policy Act of 2007
3964:
3711:
3709:
1798:. Buddhism considers liberation from
4335:
4293:Center on Reducing Suffering (2019)
4262:
4014:
3715:
3379:"Putting Suffering Into Perspective"
3037:'. See also the entry 'Pleasure' in
2368:primary, secondary, or tertiary gain
1832:In Judaism, suffering is often seen
1241:
762:. A second caveat is that the terms
7184:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
4476:
4311:. Devon: Imprint Academic. p.
4017:Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology
3435:Suffering an Islamic point of view:
3039:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3007:Human Suffering and Quality of Life
2995:World Suffering and Quality of Life
2986:. Boston, Mass., USA: Beacon Press.
2917:Suffering and Moral Responsibility.
2439:In sex, especially in a context of
1951:Union of International Associations
24:
4079:
3706:
2194:pain management (or pain medicine)
2087:replacing the biology of suffering
2040:negatively certain behaviors (see
1927:
25:
7417:
4408:See for instance Viktor Frankl's
3878:Vanity Fair interview with Pearce
3141:). Examples of mental suffering:
2576:Good and evil: welfarist theories
2212:
1871:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
1656:'s writings, especially the book
730:may be used in relationship with
653:Suffering occurs in the lives of
7365:
7364:
5958:Congenital insensitivity to pain
5918:Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
5178:
5172:
3060:Examples of physical suffering:
3034:
2692:Psychological or emotional abuse
2225:Relief and prevention in society
1802:and the practice of compassion (
1621:The Open Society and Its Enemies
77:
72:
4414:
4402:
4355:
4342:Altruistic World Online Library
4329:
4300:
4287:
4237:
4224:
4205:
4192:
4040:
4037:, Russell Sage Foundation, 1999
4027:
4008:
3983:
3958:
3933:
3908:
3889:
3870:
3848:
3817:
3748:
3689:
3667:
3634:
3623:from the original on 2013-07-28
3609:
3584:
3573:from the original on 2011-07-17
3559:
3533:
3520:
3511:
3494:
3478:Suffering and the remedy of art
3469:
3455:
3444:from the original on 2016-10-01
3429:
3411:
3370:
3265:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.023
3115:from the original on 2007-10-28
2291:risks of astronomical suffering
2141:borderline personality disorder
2118:Existential Positive Psychology
1886:Suffering and the remedy of art
1710:' of the greatest sufferings.
638:. The opposite of suffering is
7152:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
6522:Value monism â Value pluralism
3917:The Language of Psychoanalysis
3508:p. 179 (E. Mendelson ed. 1976)
3377:R. Peteet, M.D., John (2001).
3361:
3336:
3323:
3303:
3240:
3131:
3126:Welfare, Happiness, and Ethics
3054:
3044:
3027:
2373:In law, suffering is used for
2134:
2008:Biology, neurology, psychology
1638:Biology, neurology, psychology
1471:Utilitarian social choice rule
674:, but more often it refers to
661:
40:The Suffering (disambiguation)
13:
1:
4338:"Children and Media Violence"
4053:Journal of Medical Humanities
3438:"Sufferings are Divine Grace"
3253:Social Science & Medicine
3020:
2668:Sadistic personality disorder
2485:Physical pain-related topics
1964:Well-being or Quality of life
1608:hedonic or felicific calculus
798:
7216:On the Genealogy of Morality
7176:Critique of Practical Reason
5687:Social emotional development
4307:Katz, Leonard David (2000).
4166:Journal of Clinical Oncology
3781:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
3722:Academy of Management Review
2480:Topics related to suffering
2102:hedonic theory of motivation
732:physical pain (or suffering)
7:
4933:
3919:(1st ed.). Routledge.
3761:September 25, 2007, at the
3422:September 30, 2005, at the
2470:
2114:Operant Conditioning theory
1723:
916:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
10:
7422:
7144:A Treatise of Human Nature
6203:
4421:Fukuyama, Francis (2002).
4272:. Center on Long-Term Risk
3942:Science and Human Behavior
3793:10.1016/j.tics.2016.02.003
3476:Schweizer, Harold (1997).
2598:Compassion-related topics
1980:genuine progress indicator
1749:mortification of the flesh
728:mental pain (or suffering)
29:
7360:
7267:
7112:
6878:
6603:
6532:
6394:
6269:
6211:
6125:
6092:
6059:
6013:
5978:
5893:
5849:
5826:
5787:
5780:
5730:
5249:
5187:
5170:
4489:
4104:10.1017/S003329170900600X
3679:www.citizensadvice.org.uk
2868:New York: Praeger, 1990.
2584:Negative consequentialism
6495:Universal prescriptivism
5772:
5620:in virtual communication
4410:Man's Search for Meaning
4244:Greenberg, Gary (2013).
4178:10.1200/JCO.2006.08.6801
3992:Man's Search for Meaning
2744:Eradication of suffering
2592:Suffering-focused ethics
1976:Gross National Happiness
1940:sociology of suffering.
1877:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1834:as a punishment for sins
1790:' of Buddhism are about
810:Hellenistic philosophies
804:Ancient Greek philosophy
6284:Artificial intelligence
6079:Posteromarginal nucleus
6014:Measurement and testing
4065:10.1023/A:1022918132461
4047:Fleischman, S (1999). "
3990:Frankl, Victor (1959).
3329:Crane Brinton, article
3091:"IASP Pain Terminology"
2982:Spelman, E. V. (1995).
2648:Cruelty-related topics
2296:
2123:Hedonistic psychology,
1671:humanitarian principles
1626:negative utilitarianism
1506:Replaceability argument
1491:Demandingness objection
1364:Types of utilitarianism
1289:Claude Adrien Helvétius
966:Metrodorus of Lampsacus
850:, suffering comes from
36:Suffer (disambiguation)
30:For physical pain, see
5237:
5076:
5067:
5058:
4834:
4800:
4092:Psychological Medicine
3940:Skinner, B.F. (1953).
2893:Casell, E. J. (1991).
2548:Ethics-related topics
2280:environmental security
2175:, and through various
2129:affective neuroscience
2058:
2024:of threats, motivates
1880:
1740:
1634:abolition of suffering
1541:Neoclassical economics
1531:Rational choice theory
1157:"Wine, women and song"
1014:Psychological hedonism
946:Aristippus the Younger
866:(mental tranquility).
105:Emotional intelligence
50:
34:. For other uses, see
7208:The Methods of Ethics
6446:Divine command theory
6441:Ideal observer theory
6163:Drug-seeking behavior
6051:Visual analogue scale
4248:. Plume. p. 15.
4218:May 15, 2008, at the
4211:See for instance the
3825:"Pain Overlap Theory"
3754:Giovanna Colombetti,
3734:10.5465/amr.2016.0378
3547:on September 30, 2007
3097:on September 26, 2008
2856:Selected bibliography
2848:Wild animal suffering
2740:Other related topics
2714:Death-related topics
2315:violence in the media
2177:health care providers
2054:
1867:
1759:); ultimate destiny (
1731:
1602:developed hedonistic
1496:Mere addition paradox
936:Theodorus the Atheist
812:addressed suffering.
48:
7325:Political philosophy
6074:Anterolateral system
5657:Group affective tone
3965:Bloom, Paul (2021).
3837:on February 29, 2012
3530:, Polity Press, 2005
3502:Musée des Beaux Arts
2948:The Culture of Pain.
2882:. London: Routledge
2768:Negative affectivity
2441:sadism and masochism
2165:alternative medicine
2143:and occasionally in
1893:Musée des Beaux Arts
1845:redemptive suffering
1796:Noble Eightfold Path
1024:Axiological hedonism
748:vestibular suffering
710:Qualifiers, such as
308:Emotional Detachment
7295:Evolutionary ethics
7256:Reasons and Persons
7232:A Theory of Justice
6386:Uncertain sentience
5710:constructed emotion
5380:functional accounts
3716:Gill, M J. (2019).
3675:"Personal injuries"
3187:craving or yearning
2319:violent video games
2217:Gary Greenberg, in
2157:clinical psychology
2091:genetic engineering
2083:Darwinian evolution
2071:pain overlap theory
1972:Happiness economics
1860:Arts and literature
1700:Friedrich Nietzsche
1690:Arthur Schopenhauer
1501:Paradox of hedonism
1461:Equal consideration
1147:Paradox of hedonism
1008:Schools of hedonism
7290:Ethics in religion
7285:Descriptive ethics
7120:Nicomachean Ethics
6153:Philosophy of pain
5828:Respiratory system
5610:in decision-making
4851:(sense of purpose)
3902:2016-03-14 at the
3883:2007-05-05 at the
3756:Appraising Valence
3685:on April 20, 2013.
3316:2009-08-18 at the
3139:Psychological pain
2929:Thomas Metzinger.
2776:Psychological pain
2708:Cruelty to animals
2610:Compassion fatigue
2383:pain and suffering
2106:pleasure principle
2085:. Pearce promotes
2059:
1987:Pain and suffering
1881:
1843:For Christianity,
1741:
1714:Philosophy of pain
1551:Effective altruism
1466:Felicific calculus
1129:Felicific calculus
1044:Christian hedonism
676:psychological pain
51:
7378:
7377:
7345:Social philosophy
7330:Population ethics
7320:Philosophy of law
7300:History of ethics
6783:Political freedom
6460:Euthyphro dilemma
6251:Suffering-focused
6171:
6170:
6026:Cold pressor test
6009:
6008:
5740:
5739:
5327:Appeal to emotion
5105:Social connection
4361:See for instance
4172:(13): 1691â1697.
4149:978-0-89-042061-4
4098:(12): 1979â1988.
3866:on July 29, 2013.
3619:. Panetics.info.
3354:978-0-511-21975-7
3309:Donald D. Price,
3143:depression (mood)
3086:sleep deprivation
3015:978-94-007-7668-5
3003:978-94-017-9669-9
2946:David B. Morris.
2942:978-91-89672-90-1
2915:Jamie Mayerfeld.
2901:Cynthia Halpern.
2853:
2852:
2832:Hedonic treadmill
2816:Pain and pleasure
2726:Animal euthanasia
2497:Pain (philosophy)
2464:violence in sport
2125:affective science
1968:Welfare economics
1949:is a work by the
1827:ahimsa in Jainism
1815:karma in Hinduism
1788:Four Noble Truths
1659:Animal Liberation
1597:
1596:
1563:Philosophy portal
1546:Population ethics
1304:Francis Hutcheson
1242:Modern philosophy
1202:
1201:
1152:Hedonic treadmill
896:Ajita Kesakambali
756:sleep deprivation
617:
616:
543:Social connection
16:(Redirected from
7413:
7368:
7367:
7315:Moral psychology
7260:
7252:
7244:
7240:Practical Ethics
7236:
7228:
7224:Principia Ethica
7220:
7212:
7204:
7196:
7188:
7180:
7172:
7164:
7156:
7148:
7140:
7132:
7128:Ethics (Spinoza)
7124:
6763:Moral imperative
6221:Consequentialism
6198:
6191:
6184:
6175:
6174:
6126:Related concepts
6117:Pain eradication
5875:
5862:
5813:
5785:
5784:
5781:By region/system
5767:
5760:
5753:
5744:
5743:
5715:discrete emotion
5615:in the workplace
5511:Empathy quotient
5242:
5182:
5176:
5081:
5072:
5063:
4938:
4839:
4805:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4428:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4380:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4336:Carlsson, Ulla.
4333:
4327:
4326:
4304:
4298:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4277:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4241:
4235:
4228:
4222:
4209:
4203:
4198:Eric J Cassell,
4196:
4190:
4189:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4141:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4044:
4038:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3994:. Beacon Press.
3987:
3981:
3980:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3912:
3906:
3893:
3887:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3862:. Archived from
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3830:. Archived from
3829:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3772:
3766:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3681:. Archived from
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3655:on July 10, 2012
3654:
3648:. Archived from
3647:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3613:
3607:
3596:Panetics Trilogy
3590:Ralph G.H. Siu,
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3543:. Archived from
3537:
3531:
3526:Iain Wilkinson,
3524:
3518:
3515:
3509:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3433:
3427:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3340:
3334:
3327:
3321:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3286:
3276:
3244:
3238:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3093:. Archived from
3058:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3031:
2987:
2898:
2505:Psychogenic pain
2475:
2456:no pain, no gain
2423:rites of passage
2240:humanitarian aid
2067:cingulate cortex
1933:Social suffering
1735:torch-bearer of
1675:humanitarian aid
1612:John Stuart Mill
1589:
1582:
1575:
1456:Consequentialism
1336:John Stuart Mill
1246:
1245:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1141:Related articles
1019:Ethical hedonism
991:Esperanza GuisĂĄn
986:Torbjörn TÀnnsjö
906:John Stuart Mill
869:
868:
833:love of humanity
609:
602:
595:
81:
76:
53:
52:
21:
7421:
7420:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7356:
7263:
7258:
7250:
7242:
7234:
7226:
7218:
7210:
7202:
7194:
7186:
7178:
7170:
7162:
7154:
7146:
7138:
7130:
7122:
7108:
6881:
6874:
6798:Self-discipline
6758:Moral hierarchy
6706:Problem of evil
6651:Double standard
6641:Culture of life
6599:
6528:
6475:Non-cognitivism
6390:
6265:
6207:
6202:
6172:
6167:
6121:
6088:
6061:Pathophysiology
6055:
6046:Tail flick test
6005:
5974:
5889:
5873:
5860:
5851:Musculoskeletal
5845:
5822:
5811:
5776:
5771:
5741:
5736:
5726:
5667:Jealousy in art
5410:in conversation
5332:Amygdala hijack
5245:
5183:
5177:
5168:
5157:sense of wonder
4485:
4475:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4419:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4397:Arthur Kleinman
4382:
4381:
4377:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4305:
4301:
4292:
4288:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4246:The Book of Woe
4242:
4238:
4229:
4225:
4220:Wayback Machine
4210:
4206:
4197:
4193:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4084:
4080:
4045:
4041:
4032:
4028:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3913:
3909:
3904:Wayback Machine
3894:
3890:
3885:Wayback Machine
3875:
3871:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3773:
3769:
3763:Wayback Machine
3753:
3749:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3641:Ronen Avraham.
3639:
3635:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3589:
3585:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3506:Collected Poems
3499:
3495:
3488:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:Wayback Machine
3416:
3412:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3341:
3337:
3331:Humanitarianism
3328:
3324:
3318:Wayback Machine
3308:
3304:
3288:
3287:
3245:
3241:
3136:
3132:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3032:
3028:
3023:
2991:Ronald Anderson
2862:Joseph A. Amato
2858:
2840:Suffering risks
2560:Problem of evil
2521:Pain in animals
2473:
2343:performance art
2299:
2276:social security
2256:social services
2244:disaster relief
2227:
2219:The Book of Woe
2215:
2206:Cicely Saunders
2190:palliative care
2145:advanced cancer
2137:
2112:, most notably
2063:anterior insula
2057:
2030:fight or flight
2010:
1937:Arthur Kleinman
1935:, according to
1930:
1928:Social sciences
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1879:
1874:
1862:
1781:problem of hell
1777:problem of evil
1775:deals with the
1739:
1734:
1726:
1667:humanitarianism
1593:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1511:Utility monster
1485:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1294:Cesare Beccaria
1268:
1244:
1198:
1169:
1168:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1009:
1001:
1000:
961:Pierre Gassendi
891:
806:
801:
664:
613:
584:
583:
582:
147:
146:
137:
116:Self-regulation
114:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7419:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7347:
7342:
7340:Secular ethics
7337:
7335:Rehabilitation
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7271:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7253:
7245:
7237:
7229:
7221:
7213:
7205:
7200:Utilitarianism
7197:
7189:
7181:
7173:
7165:
7157:
7149:
7141:
7133:
7125:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6885:
6883:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6560:Existentialist
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6455:Constructivism
6452:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6429:Non-naturalism
6426:
6411:
6406:
6400:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6275:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6256:Utilitarianism
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6217:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6201:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6138:Pain tolerance
6135:
6133:Pain threshold
6129:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6098:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6065:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6041:Hot plate test
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5908:Pain asymbolia
5905:
5899:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5869:
5864:
5855:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5832:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5791:
5789:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5770:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5747:
5738:
5737:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5720:somatic marker
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5694:
5692:Stoic passions
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5640:social sharing
5637:
5632:
5630:self-conscious
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5573:thought method
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5538:lateralization
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5365:classification
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5193:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5085:Sentimentality
5082:
5073:
5064:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4921:at first sight
4918:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4845:
4840:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4659:Disappointment
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4474:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4442:
4435:
4413:
4401:
4375:
4354:
4328:
4321:
4299:
4286:
4261:
4255:978-0399158537
4254:
4236:
4223:
4204:
4191:
4155:
4148:
4127:
4078:
4039:
4026:
4007:
4000:
3982:
3976:978-0062910561
3975:
3957:
3950:
3932:
3925:
3907:
3888:
3869:
3860:www.hedweb.com
3847:
3816:
3787:(4): 249â259.
3767:
3747:
3728:(2): 377â404.
3705:
3688:
3666:
3633:
3608:
3583:
3558:
3532:
3519:
3510:
3493:
3486:
3468:
3454:
3440:. 2015-03-14.
3428:
3410:
3389:(3): 187â192.
3369:
3360:
3353:
3335:
3322:
3302:
3239:
3130:
3053:
3043:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
2988:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2944:
2927:
2913:
2899:
2890:
2878:James Davies.
2876:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2684:Physical abuse
2649:
2645:
2644:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2448:
2437:
2434:
2419:
2416:
2401:
2393:
2390:
2371:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2339:human branding
2298:
2295:
2284:human security
2264:animal welfare
2226:
2223:
2214:
2213:Mental illness
2211:
2136:
2133:
2055:
2012:Suffering and
2009:
2006:
1929:
1926:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1708:eternal return
1679:humane society
1604:utilitarianism
1600:Jeremy Bentham
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:Related topics
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:Henry Sidgwick
1338:
1333:
1331:Jeremy Bentham
1327:
1326:
1323:Key proponents
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1299:William Godwin
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:Utilitarianism
1255:
1254:
1243:
1240:
1219:'s version of
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1124:Tetrapharmakos
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1049:Utilitarianism
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
901:Jeremy Bentham
898:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
878:
877:
805:
802:
800:
797:
776:unpleasantness
663:
660:
615:
614:
612:
611:
604:
597:
589:
586:
585:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
273:Disappointment
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
149:
148:
144:
143:
142:
139:
138:
136:
135:
130:
129:
128:
123:
112:
107:
102:
97:
95:Classification
92:
86:
83:
82:
69:
68:
62:
61:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7418:
7407:
7406:Social issues
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7371:
7363:
7362:
7359:
7353:
7352:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7257:
7254:
7249:
7246:
7241:
7238:
7233:
7230:
7225:
7222:
7217:
7214:
7209:
7206:
7201:
7198:
7193:
7190:
7185:
7182:
7177:
7174:
7169:
7166:
7161:
7158:
7153:
7150:
7145:
7142:
7137:
7134:
7129:
7126:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6877:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6753:Moral courage
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6691:Good and evil
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6676:Family values
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6490:Quasi-realism
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6314:Environmental
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6236:Particularism
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6199:
6194:
6192:
6187:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6036:Grimace scale
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6002:
6001:Low back pain
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:Referred pain
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5913:Pain disorder
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5885:Delayed-onset
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:Head and neck
5786:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5768:
5763:
5761:
5756:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5734:
5729:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:dysregulation
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5422:interpersonal
5420:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5275:in psychology
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5260:consciousness
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5069:Schadenfreude
5065:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4935:Mono no aware
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4787:Joie de vivre
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4756:Gratification
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4684:Embarrassment
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4589:Belongingness
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4438:
4436:0-374-23643-7
4432:
4427:
4426:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4378:
4376:0-415-94839-8
4372:
4368:
4367:
4358:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4322:0-907845-07-X
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4290:
4283:
4271:
4265:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4208:
4201:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4003:
4001:9780807014271
3997:
3993:
3986:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3951:9780024112705
3947:
3944:. Macmillan.
3943:
3936:
3928:
3926:9780946439492
3922:
3918:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3833:
3826:
3820:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3710:
3698:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3605:
3604:1-884437-00-1
3601:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3529:
3523:
3514:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3489:
3487:0-7914-3264-5
3483:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3364:
3356:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3326:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3298:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3227:embarrassment
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3114:
3110:
3101:September 11,
3096:
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3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3047:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:0-19-504996-9
2973:
2966:
2962:
2961:Elaine Scarry
2959:
2957:
2956:0-520-08276-1
2953:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2925:0-19-515495-9
2922:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2911:0-7914-5103-8
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2888:0-415-66780-1
2885:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2874:0-275-93690-2
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
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2785:
2781:
2777:
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2757:
2753:
2749:
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2742:
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2738:
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2727:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2660:Schadenfreude
2657:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:Invertebrates
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:sports injury
2449:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2335:scarification
2332:
2331:body piercing
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:public health
2222:
2220:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:public health
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:psychotherapy
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:Sigmund Freud
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2077:According to
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1840:illustrates.
1839:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:will to power
1701:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Richard Ryder
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:, proposed a
1623:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1309:William Paley
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1163:Joie de vivre
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1004:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:Zeno of Sidon
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:Michel Onfray
939:
937:
934:
932:
931:Fred Feldman
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
887:
886:
883:
880:
879:
875:
871:
870:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
796:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:physical pain
733:
729:
725:
724:psychological
721:
717:
713:
708:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:physical pain
669:
659:
656:
651:
647:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
625:
621:
610:
605:
603:
598:
596:
591:
590:
588:
587:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
518:Schadenfreude
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
348:Gratification
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Embarrassment
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
268:Determination
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
218:Belongingness
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
141:
140:
134:
131:
127:
126:Dysregulation
124:
122:
121:Interpersonal
119:
118:
117:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
85:
84:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7349:
7305:Human rights
7248:After Virtue
6974:Schopenhauer
6802:
6748:Moral agency
6621:Common sense
6517:Universalism
6485:Expressivism
6465:Intuitionism
6436:Subjectivism
6381:Terraforming
6356:Professional
6142:
5948:Phantom pain
5933:Hyperalgesia
5928:Chronic pain
5812:(swallowing)
5810:Odynophagia
5732:
5672:Meta-emotion
5585:Emotionality
5558:responsivity
5506:and bullying
5501:intelligence
5311:Affectivity
5295:neuroscience
5265:in education
5131:
4848:
4809:Homesickness
4785:
4711:Enthrallment
4696:Emotion work
4559:Anticipation
4424:
4416:
4404:
4365:
4357:
4345:. Retrieved
4341:
4331:
4308:
4302:
4289:
4281:
4274:. Retrieved
4264:
4245:
4239:
4226:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4137:
4130:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4034:
4029:
4020:
4016:
4010:
3991:
3985:
3966:
3960:
3941:
3935:
3916:
3910:
3891:
3872:
3864:the original
3859:
3850:
3839:. Retrieved
3832:the original
3819:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3750:
3725:
3721:
3691:
3683:the original
3678:
3669:
3659:February 17,
3657:. Retrieved
3650:the original
3636:
3625:. Retrieved
3611:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3575:. Retrieved
3561:
3549:. Retrieved
3545:the original
3535:
3527:
3522:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3500:W.H. Auden,
3496:
3477:
3471:
3457:
3446:. Retrieved
3431:
3413:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3363:
3344:
3338:
3330:
3325:
3305:
3291:cite journal
3259:(1): 71â83.
3256:
3252:
3242:
3235:restlessness
3147:hopelessness
3133:
3117:. Retrieved
3099:. Retrieved
3095:the original
3056:
3046:
3029:
3006:
2994:
2983:
2970:
2964:
2947:
2930:
2916:
2902:
2894:
2879:
2865:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2729:
2721:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2516:
2513:Chronic pain
2508:
2500:
2492:
2317:, including
2311:blood sports
2304:
2300:
2288:
2252:economic aid
2248:philanthropy
2236:human rights
2228:
2218:
2216:
2181:
2138:
2122:
2095:
2079:David Pearce
2076:
2070:
2060:
2011:
2002:Eric Cassell
1999:
1984:
1961:
1955:
1944:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1869:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1831:
1812:
1799:
1785:
1742:
1712:
1698:
1694:will to live
1683:
1664:
1658:
1654:Peter Singer
1630:David Pearce
1619:
1598:
1430:
1419:Key concepts
1351:Peter Singer
1267:Predecessors
1229:
1217:Epicureanism
1203:
1161:
1118:
1073:Key concepts
1058:
1039:Epicureanism
996:Peter Singer
971:David Pearce
845:
814:
808:Many of the
807:
792:
788:
783:
779:
775:
773:
767:
763:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
709:
703:
699:
698:. The words
695:
691:
667:
665:
652:
648:
623:
619:
618:
552:
193:Anticipation
7123:(c. 322 BC)
6989:Kierkegaard
6808:Stewardship
6585:Rousseauian
6502:Rationalism
6414:Cognitivism
6361:Programming
6336:Meat eating
6309:Engineering
6158:Cancer pain
6084:Substance P
6069:Nociception
6031:Dolorimeter
5986:Pelvic pain
5943:Hyperpathia
5938:Hypoalgesia
5859:Arthralgia
5841:Pleurodynia
5836:Sore throat
5600:and culture
5405:recognition
5390:homeostatic
5290:forecasting
5239:Weltschmerz
5212:Misanthropy
4989:grandiosity
4871:Inspiration
4861:Infatuation
4829:Humiliation
4751:Frustration
4624:Contentment
4347:29 November
3464:Paris Talks
3231:humiliation
3191:frustration
3035:Terminology
2792:Victimology
2760:Weltschmerz
2533:Crustaceans
2529:Cephalopods
2460:blood sport
2458:; see also
2364:malingerers
2149:Health care
2135:Health care
2110:Behaviorism
1838:Book of Job
1616:Karl Popper
1536:Game theory
1060:Libertinage
690:. The word
662:Terminology
398:Humiliation
343:Frustration
243:Contentment
7385:Categories
7019:Bonhoeffer
6728:Immorality
6671:Eudaimonia
6631:Conscience
6626:Compassion
6512:Skepticism
6507:Relativism
6424:Naturalism
6404:Absolutism
6376:Technology
6226:Deontology
6107:Anesthesia
6094:Management
6021:Pain scale
5991:Proctalgia
5895:Neurologic
5795:Eye strain
5677:Pathognomy
5578:well-being
5494:and gender
5489:expression
5484:exhaustion
5469:detachment
5454:competence
5435:Emotional
5417:regulation
5400:perception
5395:in animals
5345:and memory
5281:Affective
5189:Worldviews
5051:melancholy
5036:Resentment
4906:Loneliness
4881:Irritation
4866:Insecurity
4856:Indulgence
4731:Excitement
4716:Enthusiasm
4649:Depression
4609:Confidence
4604:Compassion
4579:Attraction
4504:Admiration
4499:Acceptance
4295:"About us"
4270:"About Us"
4023:: 361â368.
3841:2013-01-20
3627:2013-01-20
3577:2013-01-20
3569:. Uia.be.
3504:(1938) in
3448:2016-08-01
3171:irritation
3163:heartbreak
3159:loneliness
3119:2008-09-11
3082:air hunger
3021:References
2718:Euthanasia
2602:Compassion
2525:Amphibians
2425:(see also
2375:punishment
2360:punishment
2202:psychiatry
2042:punishment
2038:reinforces
1757:asceticism
1745:compassion
1685:Pessimists
1669:(see also
1646:speciesism
1451:Eudaimonia
1401:Preference
1346:R. M. Hare
1284:David Hume
1279:Shantideva
1227:and pain.
1089:Eudaimonia
951:Hermarchus
921:Aristippus
848:Pyrrhonism
825:equanimity
799:Philosophy
740:air hunger
503:Resentment
428:Loneliness
318:Enthusiasm
258:Depression
228:Confidence
158:Admiration
153:Acceptance
100:In animals
7391:Suffering
7280:Casuistry
7192:Either/Or
7099:Korsgaard
7094:Azurmendi
7059:MacIntyre
6999:Nietzsche
6929:Augustine
6924:Confucius
6904:Aristotle
6880:Ethicists
6838:Intrinsic
6803:Suffering
6713:Happiness
6686:Free will
6666:Etiquette
6611:Authority
6555:Epicurean
6550:Confucian
6545:Christian
6480:Emotivism
6304:Discourse
6241:Pragmatic
6213:Normative
6143:Suffering
6112:Cordotomy
6102:Analgesia
5923:Allodynia
5903:Neuralgia
5867:Bone pain
5818:Toothache
5705:appraisal
5645:sociology
5596:Emotions
5568:symbiosis
5553:reasoning
5523:isolation
5464:contagion
5449:blackmail
5375:expressed
5370:evolution
5360:and sleep
5350:and music
5285:computing
5232:Reclusion
5227:Pessimism
5202:Defeatism
5132:Suffering
5078:Sehnsucht
5021:Rejection
4972:self-pity
4947:Nostalgia
4916:limerence
4886:Isolation
4824:Hostility
4781:Happiness
4761:Gratitude
4706:Emptiness
4689:vicarious
4639:Curiosity
4614:Confusion
4554:Annoyance
4534:Amusement
4524:Agitation
4519:Affection
4514:Aesthetic
4509:Adoration
4385:cite book
4073:141747255
3742:149501870
3466:, p. 110.
2932:Suffering
2824:Happiness
2784:Amor fati
2700:Self-harm
2413:terrorism
2398:self-harm
2379:penal law
2327:tattooing
2260:insurance
2046:aversives
1985:In law, "
1957:Ralph Siu
1765:damnation
1761:salvation
1650:'painism'
1446:Happiness
1431:Suffering
1406:Classical
1386:Two-level
1119:Suffering
1114:Sensation
1094:Happiness
1034:Cyrenaics
956:Lucretius
841:adiaphora
837:parrhesia
789:suffering
780:suffering
774:The word
720:emotional
704:suffering
696:suffering
688:sensation
668:suffering
666:The word
644:happiness
636:phenomena
633:affective
620:Suffering
563:Suspicion
553:Suffering
523:Self-pity
488:Rejection
443:Nostalgia
423:Limerence
393:Hostility
373:Happiness
353:Gratitude
298:Elevation
253:Curiosity
233:Confusion
188:Annoyance
168:Amusement
163:Affection
18:Sufferers
7370:Category
7310:Ideology
7275:Axiology
7104:Nussbaum
7054:Frankena
7049:Anscombe
7039:Williams
6994:Sidgwick
6914:Valluvar
6909:Diogenes
6894:Socrates
6818:Theodicy
6813:Sympathy
6778:Pacifism
6768:Morality
6681:Fidelity
6661:Equality
6616:Autonomy
6604:Concepts
6565:Feminist
6540:Buddhist
6470:Nihilism
6409:Axiology
6366:Research
6299:Computer
6294:Business
6148:SOCRATES
5874:(muscle)
5872:Myalgia
5800:Headache
5563:security
5543:literacy
5528:lability
5518:intimacy
5459:conflict
5439:aperture
5336:Emotion
5320:negative
5315:positive
5305:spectrum
5270:measures
5222:Optimism
5217:Nihilism
5207:Fatalism
5197:Cynicism
5142:Sympathy
5137:Surprise
4979:Pleasure
4901:Kindness
4891:Jealousy
4876:Interest
4843:Hysteria
4726:Euphoria
4669:Distrust
4619:Contempt
4599:Calmness
4491:Emotions
4478:Emotions
4216:Archived
4186:17470861
4122:19460187
4059:: 3â32.
3969:. Ecco.
3900:Archived
3881:Archived
3811:26944221
3759:Archived
3621:Archived
3571:Archived
3551:July 31,
3442:Archived
3420:Archived
3405:11402082
3314:Archived
3283:20452111
3179:jealousy
3113:Archived
3005:; Also:
2808:Pleasure
2800:Penology
2634:Sympathy
2471:See also
2323:body art
2268:security
2198:oncology
2153:medicine
2034:escapism
2018:valences
2014:pleasure
1773:Theodicy
1733:Mahavira
1724:Religion
1484:Problems
1436:Pleasure
1371:Negative
1251:a series
1249:Part of
1236:apatheia
1232:Stoicism
1225:pleasure
1221:Hedonism
1213:ataraxia
1205:Epicurus
1109:Pleasure
1084:Ataraxia
1029:Charvaka
981:Yang Zhu
926:Epicurus
911:Jovinian
890:Thinkers
882:Hedonism
874:a series
872:Part of
864:ataraxia
817:Cynicism
791:include
764:physical
712:physical
655:sentient
640:pleasure
558:Surprise
468:Pleasure
418:Kindness
408:Jealousy
403:Interest
328:Euphoria
283:Distrust
238:Contempt
145:Emotions
66:Emotions
58:a series
56:Part of
7396:Feeling
7268:Related
7014:Tillich
6979:Bentham
6954:Spinoza
6949:Aquinas
6934:Mencius
6848:Western
6823:Torture
6788:Precept
6743:Loyalty
6738:Liberty
6733:Justice
6646:Dignity
6636:Consent
6580:Kantian
6570:Islamic
6533:Schools
6419:Realism
6351:Nursing
6346:Medical
6331:Machine
6271:Applied
5861:(joint)
5733:Italics
5696:Theory
5652:Feeling
5605:history
5590:bounded
5548:prosody
5355:and sex
5340:and art
5300:science
5256:Affect
5250:Related
5125:chronic
5100:Shyness
5060:Saudade
5046:Sadness
5041:Revenge
5031:Remorse
4962:Passion
4952:Outrage
4942:Neglect
4802:Hiraeth
4701:Empathy
4679:Ecstasy
4664:Disgust
4634:Cruelty
4629:Courage
4594:Boredom
4574:Arousal
4564:Anxiety
4549:Anguish
4276:May 17,
4202:, 2004.
4113:3427787
3802:5521249
3396:3330651
3274:3125115
3207:anxiety
3195:anguish
3167:disgust
3155:sadness
3066:itching
2734:Suicide
2652:Cruelty
2642:Empathy
2431:ragging
2409:torture
2387:torture
2169:hygiene
2104:or the
2036:), and
1808:nirvana
1753:penance
1441:Utility
1396:Average
1054:Yangism
856:beliefs
821:autarky
760:itching
684:emotion
680:feeling
629:valence
538:Shyness
513:Saudade
508:Sadness
498:Remorse
458:Passion
448:Outrage
313:Empathy
293:Ecstasy
278:Disgust
248:Courage
223:Boredom
208:Arousal
198:Anxiety
183:Anguish
133:Valence
7259:(1984)
7251:(1981)
7243:(1979)
7235:(1971)
7227:(1903)
7219:(1887)
7211:(1874)
7203:(1861)
7195:(1843)
7187:(1820)
7179:(1788)
7171:(1785)
7163:(1780)
7155:(1759)
7147:(1740)
7139:(1726)
7131:(1677)
7089:Taylor
7074:Parfit
7069:Singer
7044:Mackie
6919:Cicero
6860:Virtue
6793:Rights
6718:Honour
6575:Jewish
6371:Sexual
6279:Animal
6261:Virtue
6205:Ethics
5700:affect
5682:Pathos
5635:social
5479:eating
5152:Wonder
5120:Stress
5110:Sorrow
5026:Relief
5016:Regret
5004:vanity
4999:insult
4994:hubris
4849:Ikigai
4819:Horror
4795:Hatred
4654:Desire
4644:Defeat
4569:Apathy
4433:
4373:
4319:
4252:
4184:
4146:
4120:
4110:
4071:
3998:
3973:
3948:
3923:
3809:
3799:
3740:
3602:
3484:
3462:joy."
3403:
3393:
3351:
3281:
3271:
3223:regret
3078:nausea
3074:thirst
3070:hunger
3013:
3001:
2974:
2954:
2940:
2923:
2909:
2886:
2872:
2846:
2844:·
2842:
2838:
2836:·
2834:
2830:
2828:·
2826:
2822:
2820:·
2818:
2814:
2812:·
2810:
2806:
2804:·
2802:
2798:
2796:·
2794:
2790:
2788:·
2786:
2782:
2780:·
2778:
2774:
2772:·
2770:
2766:
2764:·
2762:
2758:
2756:·
2754:
2752:Dukkha
2750:
2748:·
2746:
2732:
2730:·
2728:
2724:
2722:·
2720:
2706:
2704:·
2702:
2698:
2696:·
2694:
2690:
2688:·
2686:
2682:
2680:·
2678:
2674:
2672:·
2670:
2666:
2664:·
2662:
2658:
2656:·
2654:
2640:
2638:·
2636:
2632:
2630:·
2628:
2624:
2622:·
2620:
2616:
2614:·
2612:
2608:
2606:·
2604:
2590:
2588:·
2586:
2582:
2580:·
2578:
2574:
2572:·
2570:
2566:
2564:·
2562:
2558:
2556:·
2554:
2517:·
2515:
2511:
2509:·
2507:
2503:
2501:·
2499:
2493:·
2491:
2454:, and
2427:hazing
2411:, and
2282:, and
2272:safety
2262:, and
2127:, and
2026:coping
1823:ahimsa
1819:moksha
1804:karuna
1800:dukkha
1792:dukkha
1737:ahimsa
1677:, and
1648:' and
1209:aponia
1099:Hedone
1079:Aponia
860:epoche
854:(i.e.
852:dogmas
768:mental
758:, and
752:nausea
744:hunger
722:, and
716:mental
573:Wonder
548:Sorrow
493:Relief
483:Regret
388:Horror
378:Hatred
263:Desire
203:Apathy
90:Affect
7351:Index
7113:Works
7084:Adams
7079:Nagel
7034:Dewey
7029:Rawls
7009:Barth
7004:Moore
6969:Hegel
6944:Xunzi
6899:Plato
6889:Laozi
6870:Wrong
6843:Japan
6833:Value
6828:Trust
6723:Ideal
6590:Stoic
6341:Media
6326:Legal
5979:Other
5880:Acute
5625:moral
5533:labor
5385:group
5164:Worry
5147:Trust
5115:Spite
5095:Shock
5090:Shame
4984:Pride
4957:Panic
4836:Hygge
4776:Guilt
4771:Grief
4766:Greed
4736:Faith
4674:Doubt
4544:Angst
4539:Anger
4529:Agony
4069:S2CID
3835:(PDF)
3828:(PDF)
3738:S2CID
3700:(PDF)
3653:(PDF)
3646:(PDF)
3617:"ISP"
3219:guilt
3215:shame
3211:panic
3199:angst
3175:anger
3151:grief
3033:See '
2676:Abuse
2626:Mercy
2519:
2495:
2377:(see
2356:abuse
2200:, or
2022:warns
1915:(...)
1786:The '
1618:, in
1391:Total
829:arete
622:, or
578:Worry
568:Trust
533:Shock
528:Shame
473:Pride
453:Panic
368:Guilt
363:Grief
358:Greed
333:Faith
288:Doubt
178:Angst
173:Anger
7401:Pain
7064:Hare
7024:Foot
6984:Mill
6964:Kant
6959:Hume
6939:Mozi
6855:Vice
6773:Norm
6701:Evil
6696:Good
6656:Duty
6396:Meta
6319:Land
6246:Role
6231:Care
5996:Back
5805:Neck
5774:Pain
5444:bias
5429:work
5011:Rage
4967:Pity
4928:Lust
4911:Love
4814:Hope
4746:Flow
4741:Fear
4721:Envy
4482:list
4431:ISBN
4391:link
4371:ISBN
4349:2018
4317:ISBN
4278:2020
4250:ISBN
4230:See
4182:PMID
4144:ISBN
4118:PMID
3996:ISBN
3971:ISBN
3946:ISBN
3921:ISBN
3895:See
3876:See
3807:PMID
3661:2013
3600:ISBN
3553:2007
3482:ISBN
3401:PMID
3349:ISBN
3297:link
3279:PMID
3203:fear
3183:envy
3103:2008
3062:pain
3011:ISBN
2999:ISBN
2972:ISBN
2952:ISBN
2938:ISBN
2921:ISBN
2907:ISBN
2884:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2618:Pity
2568:Hell
2552:Evil
2537:Fish
2489:Pain
2462:and
2445:BDSM
2358:and
2313:and
2297:Uses
2270:and
2185:pain
2065:and
1993:and
1943:The
1769:hell
1718:pain
1426:Pain
1376:Rule
1274:Mozi
1230:For
1104:Pain
846:For
784:pain
702:and
700:pain
692:pain
624:pain
478:Rage
463:Pity
438:Lust
433:Love
383:Hope
338:Fear
323:Envy
110:Mood
38:and
32:Pain
6865:Vow
6595:Tao
6289:Bio
4896:Joy
4584:Awe
4174:doi
4108:PMC
4100:doi
4061:doi
3797:PMC
3789:doi
3730:doi
3391:PMC
3269:PMC
3261:doi
2443:or
2421:In
2405:war
1875:by
1829:).
1783:).
1771:).
1381:Act
843:).
823:),
815:In
782:or
766:or
686:or
642:or
631:of
413:Joy
213:Awe
7387::
4387:}}
4383:{{
4340:.
4315:.
4313:xv
4280:.
4180:.
4170:25
4168:.
4116:.
4106:.
4096:39
4094:.
4090:.
4067:.
4057:20
4055:.
4019:.
3858:.
3805:.
3795:.
3785:20
3783:.
3779:.
3736:.
3726:44
3724:.
3720:.
3708:^
3677:.
3399:.
3387:10
3385:.
3381:.
3293:}}
3289:{{
3277:.
3267:.
3257:71
3255:.
3251:.
3233:,
3229:/
3225:,
3221:,
3217:/
3213:,
3209:/
3205:,
3201:,
3197:,
3193:,
3189:,
3185:,
3181:,
3177:,
3173:,
3169:,
3165:,
3161:/
3157:/
3153:,
3149:,
3145:/
3111:.
3088:.
3084:,
3080:,
3076:,
3072:,
3068:,
2993:.
2963:.
2864:.
2543:)
2539:,
2535:,
2531:,
2527:,
2429:,
2407:,
2337:,
2333:,
2329:,
2286:.
2278:,
2258:,
2254:,
2250:,
2246:,
2242:,
2238:,
2234:,
2196:,
2192:,
2179:.
2171:,
2167:,
2163:,
2159:,
2155:,
2147:.
2044:,
2032:,
1997:.
1982:.
1978:,
1974:,
1970:,
1966:,
1895::
1888:.
1810:.
1767:,
1763:,
1755:,
1751:,
1673:,
1652:.
1253:on
876:on
835:,
831:,
827:,
795:.
754:,
750:,
746:,
742:,
718:,
714:,
682:,
646:.
60:on
6197:e
6190:t
6183:v
5766:e
5759:t
5752:v
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4480:(
4470:e
4463:t
4456:v
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4379:.
4351:.
4325:.
4297:.
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4176::
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4102::
4075:.
4063::
4021:1
4004:.
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3630:.
3606:.
3580:.
3555:.
3490:.
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3426:.
3407:.
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3122:.
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2934:.
2523:(
2370:.
2028:(
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1581:t
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1193:e
1186:t
1179:v
608:e
601:t
594:v
42:.
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