52:
322:
1174:
333:
720:
906:. According to Lisa Colton, "Although it appears only this once, in that fleeting moment the tune serves to introduce the character through performance: the melody was presumably sufficiently recognisable to be representative of medieval English music, but perhaps, more importantly, the fact that Little John is whistling the song emphasizes his peasant status...In
302:. This is how it is sung. While all the others are silent, one person begins at the same time as those who sing the ground. And when he comes to the first note after the cross , another singer is to begin, and thus for the others. Each shall observe the written rests for the space of one long note , but not elsewhere.
311:
566:
that they can hardly contain themselves, and he set down what he saw and heard, leaving it to squeamish editors to distort one of his innocent folk-words into a meaning that he would not recognise. One suspects that scholarly ingenuity has been overworked to save the children of
England from indecency.
574:
The older anthologists sometimes made ludicrous attempts to gloss 'buck uerteth' in a way tolerable to
Victorian sensibilities. Most recent editors have recognized what every farm boy knowsāthat quadrupeds disport themselves in the spring precisely as the poet has said. To the fourteenth century, the
565:
Editorial prudishness has kept that fine little Middle
English poem, the Cuckoo Song, out of many a school-book, all because the old poet was familiar with English barn-yards and meadows and in his poem recalled those sights and sounds. He knew that bullocks and bucks feel so good in the springtime
203:, and the main verse comprises six phrases spread over twelve such bars. In addition, there are two lines marked "Pes", two bars each, that are meant to be sung together repeatedly underneath the main verse. These instructions are included (in Latin) in the manuscript itself:
389:
199:. To perform the round, one singer begins the song, and a second starts singing the beginning again just as the first gets to the point marked with the red cross in the first figure below. The length between the start and the cross corresponds to the modern notion of a
370:
772:
A second recording, made by the
Winchester Music Club, followed in 1929. Released on Columbia (England) D40119 (matrix number WAX4245-2), this twelve-inch 78rpm record was made to illustrate the second in a series of five lectures by Sir
351:
371:
2194:
387:
795:
The London
Madrigal Group, conducted by T.B. Lawrence, recorded the work on 10 January 1936. This recording was issued later that year on Victrola 4316 (matrix numbers OEA2911 and OEA2913), a ten-inch 78rpm
598:; out of nine lexemes originally beginning with the letter F, six demonstrably retained that letter in Reading (the other three were unattested), while four retained it in Leominster (four unattested, with
352:
388:
20:
368:
558:). Platzer, on the other hand, views the latter, more vulgar, gloss as informed by "prejudices against mediƦval culture" and suspects that those preferring it "may have had an axe to grind".
526:(lit. "re-greening"). However, there are reasons to doubt such a straightforward and naĆÆve interpretation. The language used lacks all of the conventional springtime-renewal words of a
349:
534:, and elements of the text, especially the cuckoo and the farmyard noises, potentially possess double meanings. "It is the wrong bird, the wrong season, and the wrong language for a
2134:
1150:
kicks off with 'Summer is icumen in', which is the original summer anthem and could be heard blasting from many a tavern and castle during the balmy middle months of 1260."
910:, Little John's performance of 'Sumer is icumen in' locates him socially as a contented, lower class male, a symbol of the romanticized ideal of the medieval peasant".
380:
2402:
Toguchi, KÅsaku. (1978). "'Sumer is icumen in' et la caccia: Autour du problĆØme des relations entre le 'Summer canon' et la caccia arsnovistique du trecento". In
369:
788:
conducted the St. George's
Singers in a recording issued c. 1930 on Columbia (US) 5715, a ten-inch 78rpm disc, part of the eight-disc album M-221, the
129:
1036:
2164:
Papa's Got a Brand New
Bagpuss: How Sandra Kerr's Folk Roots for the Fondly Remembered 1970s Children's TV Show Has Influenced Today's Performers
579:
According to
Platzer, "this traditional reading is not as secure as the number of editors that have championed it might imply". The evolution of
298:
Four companions can sing this round. But it should not be sung by fewer than three, or at the very least, two in addition to those who sing the
594:. Given that the poem was likely composed in Reading, with Leominster as a second possibility, a quantitative analysis was performed using the
350:
2340:
51:
590:, in part because there is a gap of between 100 and 120 years between the first unambiguous usage of that word and its postulated use in
2406:, edited by Agostino Ziino, 435ā446. L'ars nova italiana del Trecento 4. Certaldo: Centro di Studi sull'Ars Nova Italiana del Trecento.
554:, in the version given above) translate the former word as "buck-goat" and the latter as "passes wind" (with reconstructed OE spelling
2318:. Biblioteca di linguistica e filologia, vol. 5 (in Italian). Bergamo: Sestante. pp. 263ā279 – via University of Bristol.
134:
2432:
2218:"Britten, Benjamin: Spring Symphony, Op. 44 (1949) 45' for soprano, alto and tenor soloists, chorus, boys' choir, and orchestra"
2102:
2472:
1642:
1853:
1594:
2256:
2308:
1875:
361:
2347:
Fischer, Andreas (1994). "'Sumer is icumen in': The
Seasons of the Year in Middle English and Early Modern English". In
2010:
1737:
1201:
2008:
Leslie, George Clark, supervising editor (1942). "Fornsete, John (c. 1226): 'Sumer is icumen in' (The
Reading Rota)".
2371:
2356:
1994:
1937:
1756:
2217:
1909:
966:, the mice sing a song called "The Mouse Organ Song (We Will Fix It)", to a tune adapted from "Sumer is icumen in".
2139:
2107:
2025:
2417:
2477:
321:
2457:
1985:
807:
751:
in Munich included a performance of this rota. Children danced to the music around the track of the stadium.
2467:
2436:
2270:
886:
845:
112:
The line translates approximately to "Summer has come" or "Summer has arrived". The song is written in the
27:
1706:
1604:
818:
813:
790:
Columbia History of Music by Ear and Eye, Volume One, Period 1: To the Opening of the Seventeenth Century
342:
1802:
1772:
982:, but not published in the first two editions; it was published in the 1917 first American edition. In
723:
The original manuscript is represented by this stone relief on the wall of the ruined chapter house of
1980:
1211:
2393:
Taylor, Andrew, and A. E. Coates (1998). "The Dates of the Reading Calendar and the Summer Canon".
2244:
2163:
1971:
920:
2462:
774:
1722:
2213:
2185:
984:
1823:
1679:
803:
618:
from the Leicestershire lay subsidy rolls of 1327. This also implies the existence of a word
2366:. Annotated Bibliographies of Old and Middle English Literature 7. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.
2195:"Ex-Cardiacs Tunesmith William D. Drake Writes Songs That Are Timeless, Bold and Beautiful"
872:
748:
643:
561:
Erickson derided "linguistic Galahads" for promoting more decent translations, suggesting:
2442:
2427:
2081:
2057:
8:
2093:
2069:
1729:
151:
1653:
765:
made the first studio recording in New York, c. 1927, released on a 10-inch 78rpm disc,
2379:
2324:
2222:
2150:
2045:
1840:
2395:
2367:
2352:
2238:
1990:
1965:
1933:
1781:
1752:
1733:
1638:
857:
779:
Lecture 61. The Progress Of Music. No. 1 Rota (Canon): Summer Is A Coming In (Part 4)
166:
2094:'Sumer is icumen in': London, British Library, MS Harley 978, f. 11v: The Manuscript
1945:
2279:
2000:
1832:
737:
89:
2132:
Platzer, Hans (1995). "On the disputed reading of 'uerteĆ' in the 'Cuckoo Song'".
2082:'Sumer is icumen in': London, British Library, MS Harley 978, f. 11v: Translations
2046:'Sumer is icumen in': London, British Library, MS Harley 978, f. 11v: Introduction
1711:
836:
785:
762:
741:
517:
170:
57:
2268:
Wulstan, David (April 2000). "'Sumer is icumen in': A Perpetual Puzzle-Canon?".
719:
1063:
915:
865:
733:
117:
113:
72:
68:
2422:
2383:(20 January, bibliography updated 28 August 2002) (accessed 26 November 2014).
2283:
1766:
1672:
169:, was found at Reading Abbey; it was probably not drafted there, however. The
2451:
2351:, edited by Dieter Kastovsky, 79ā95. Berlin and New York: Mouton De Gruyter.
1027:
974:
This piece was parodied under the title "Ancient Music" by the American poet
895:
724:
192:
125:
121:
92:
43:
2020:
1654:""Sumer is icumen in": An Old English Folk Song ā Sheet Music, Midi and Mp3"
638:
Beneath the Middle English lyrics in the manuscript, there is also a set of
165:
because the earliest known copy of the composition, a manuscript written in
141:. The manuscript in which it is preserved was copied between 1261 and 1264.
2252:
2070:'Sumer is icumen in': London, British Library, MS Harley 978, f. 11v: Notes
1879:
174:
2338:
Falck, Robert. (1972). "Rondellus, Canon, and Related Types before 1300".
2058:'Sumer is icumen in': London, British Library, MS Harley 978, f. 11v: Text
2386:
Schofield, B. (1948). "The Provenance and Date of 'Sumer is icumen in'".
903:
891:
850:
708:
584:
200:
2309:"Riscritture di Sumer Is Icumen In nella cultura di massa del Novecento"
2154:
1687:
1844:
975:
899:
840:
401:
310:
177:
is displayed on the wall of the ruined chapter house of Reading Abbey.
135:
120:. Although the composer's identity is unknown today, it may have been
2404:
La musica al tempo del Boccaccio e i suoi rapporti con la letteratura
1522:
992:, Pound's variant of the poem was used in the place of the original.
832:
196:
155:
21:
Sumer Is Icumen In: The Pagan Sound of British and Irish Folk 1966ā75
1836:
799:
766:
522:
2096:". Wessex Parallel Web Texts website (Accessed 25 November 2014).
2084:". Wessex Parallel Web Texts website (Accessed 25 November 2014).
2072:". Wessex Parallel Web Texts website (Accessed 25 November 2014).
2060:". Wessex Parallel Web Texts website (Accessed 25 November 2014).
2048:". Wessex Parallel Web Texts website (Accessed 25 November 2014).
1768:
The Cuckoo Song ("Sumer is icumen in"), 1972 Summer Olympic Games
1133:, 108) states it means "spring". Millett notes that the medieval
962:
898:) is whistling the melody of the song just before he first meets
825:
Emilia Dalby and the Sarum Voices covered the song for the album
85:
2299:
Bukofzer, Manfred F. (1944) "'Sumer is icumen in': A Revision".
2014:, new edition, completely revised. New York: Simon and Schuster.
211:
Hanc rotam cantare possunt quatuor socii. A paucio/ribus autem q
1321:
614:
from the calendar of the close rolls of 1234, and another name
513:
550:
The translation of "bucke uerteĆ¾" is uncertain. Some (such as
1031:
702:
639:
539:
1486:
875:
released a version of the song on the album 'Cleo', in 2017.
2316:
Riscrittura e attualizzazione dei testi germanici medievali
777:, for the International Educational Society, and is titled
101:
of the mid-13th century; it is also known variously as the
2331:
Duffin, Ross W. (1988) "The Sumer Canon: A New Revision".
1408:
913:
The rendition sung at the climax of the 1973 British film
1034:
seed" for the penultimate movement of his Grand Oratorio
173:
now retains this manuscript. A copy of the manuscript in
1854:"'Ancient Music' Ezra Pound's Parody of a Medieval Rota"
1892:
The Record Book: A Guide to the World of the Phonograph
1792:
Curtiz, Michael; Keighley, William (Directors) (1938).
530:(such as "green", "new", "begin", or "wax") except for
2175:
Roscow, G. H. (1999). "What is 'Sumer is icumen in'?"
1462:
1452:
1450:
1338:
1336:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1217:
1191:
1189:
1724:
Inside The Wicker Man: How Not to Make a Cult Classic
1425:
1423:
1372:
1234:
1232:
1162:
816:'s own arrangement is the earliest song on his album
1821:
Ericson, E (1938). "Bullock SterteĆ¾, Bucke VerteĆ¾".
1534:
1498:
1396:
1384:
1309:
1280:
2314:. In Maria Grazia Cammarota; Roberta Bassi (eds.).
1474:
1447:
1333:
1292:
1268:
1244:
1186:
1137:"extends over a longer period than the modern one".
2011:The Gramophone Shop Encyclopedia of Recorded Music
1780:
1721:
1610:
1582:
1570:
1546:
1420:
1360:
1229:
988:, the unproduced script treatment for a sequel of
26:"Cuckoo Song" redirects here. For other uses, see
2377:Sanders, Ernest H. (2001). "Sumer is icumen in".
1558:
1435:
1348:
2449:
1944:
1510:
1492:
1256:
362:As six-voice round (four in melody, two in "pes"
1803:"Richard Thompson 1,000 Years of Popular Music"
1796:(Motion picture). Event occurs at 20:37ā20:44.
1093:Tom Pugh, Tom Pugh, well plumbes thu, Tom Pugh;
691:He gives them life and crowns them with himself
626:in Middle English, both with an initial letter
2328:(1 July, revision) (accessed 26 November 2014)
2301:University of California Publications in Music
1791:
1528:
516:in "Sumer is icumen in" is similar to that of
2341:Journal of the American Musicological Society
1749:Angel song: Medieval English music in history
1707:""Sumer is icumen in", MS Harley 978, f. 11v"
633:
419:
1928:Hoffmann, Frank (2004). "Roycroft (Label)",
1635:Modernism and Music: An Anthology of Sources
714:
583:could not have originated in the unattested
2322:Colton, Lisa (2014). "Sumer is icumen in".
1675:Sumer is icumen in ā Medieval English Songs
806:recorded the song to a new melody on their
642:lyrics which consider the sacrifice of the
545:
186:
145:
96:
2192:
2127:. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
1705:
1468:
1168:
1129:is the source of Modern English "summer",
50:
1765:
1378:
1015:Goddamm, Goddamm, 'tis why I am, Goddamm,
596:Linguistic Atlas of Late MediƦval English
318:"Sumer is icumen in" in modern notation:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2018:
1927:
1637:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1632:
1504:
1402:
1315:
1286:
1274:
1250:
1223:
718:
687:exposed him to the destruction of death.
551:
520:in the French poetic genre known as the
320:
309:
239:sic. Tacen/tibus ceteris unus inchoat cu
2364:The Middle English Lyric and Short Poem
2267:
2131:
2088:
1898:
1820:
1800:
1778:
1480:
1414:
1342:
1303:
1238:
1195:
1130:
1108:
960:In the children's television programme
689:To the captives half-dead from torment,
2450:
2251:
2212:
2174:
2161:
2100:
2007:
1978:
1851:
1746:
1685:
1616:
1588:
1576:
1552:
1540:
1429:
1390:
1366:
1327:
1207:
1180:
2183:
2122:
2103:"'Sumer is icumen in' at Abbey Ruins"
1907:
1719:
1651:
1600:
1564:
1441:
1354:
1262:
479:And the wood is coming into leaf now,
1889:
1801:Deusner, Stephen M. (17 July 2006).
1688:"Off The Podium: Sumer Is Icumen In"
1671:
1516:
1456:
1030:" (Peter Schickele) as "Summer is a
648:
413:
205:
2125:The Secular Lyric in Middle English
1946:"Miri it is ā "Sumer is icumen in""
1086:Bull-kuk squirteth, leake spurteth;
570:Similarly, Arthur K. Moore states:
484:The ewe is bleating after her lamb,
13:
2428:Music, text, audio and translation
2292:
1901:The Early Music Revival: A History
1864:(3). The Ezra Pound Society: 37ā43
1852:Fisher, Margaret (November 2014).
1021:Sing goddamm, sing goddamm, DAMM.
932:Grows the seed and blows the mead,
666:Qui captivos semiuiuos a supplicio
400:Problems playing these files? See
331:
14:
2489:
2433:Free scores of Sumer is icumen in
2411:
1910:"Review ā Reading Abbey revealed"
1751:. London: Routledge. p. 31.
1075:Bloweth lampe, and showeth dampe,
1019:Sing goddamm, damm, sing goddamm,
504:Sing, cuckoo; sing, cuckoo, now!
486:The cow is lowing after her calf;
325:The song in modern staff notation
191:(Latin for 'wheel') is a type of
2443:Analysis of the music, in French
2108:British Broadcasting Corporation
2026:British Broadcasting Corporation
1884:Retrieved 10 September 2023.
1101:Murie sing pooh-pooh, pooh-pooh,
1082:Thaweth drain, and runneth bath;
755:
744:(Opus 44, first performed 1949).
736:sings the rota at the climax of
502:Sing, cuckoo, now; sing, cuckoo;
385:
366:
347:
291:alibi, spacio unius longe note.
2349:Studies in Early Modern English
1686:Bitner, Walter (7 April 2020).
1140:
1119:
1097:Therefore will I cease boo-hoo,
1001:Raineth drop and staineth slop,
942:Bullock stamps and deer champs,
575:idea was probably inoffensive.
1930:Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound
1903:. London: Thames & Hudson.
1099:Woorie not, but cry pooh-pooh,
1026:The song is also parodied by "
1011:Freezeth river, turneth liver,
938:Ewe bleats harshly after lamb,
683:owing to a defect in the vine,
1:
2473:Works of uncertain authorship
2135:Neuphilologische Mitteilungen
2021:"The Futureheads Rant Review"
1986:The Oxford Companion to Music
1084:Saw saweth, and scrueth scru;
1017:So 'gainst the winter's balm.
1007:Skiddeth bus and sloppeth us,
955:
804:Mr and Mrs Smith and Mr Drake
195:, which in turn is a kind of
2437:Choral Public Domain Library
2362:Greentree, Rosemary (2001).
2271:Plainsong and Medieval Music
1979:Latham, Alison, ed. (2002).
1794:The Adventures of Robin Hood
887:The Adventures of Robin Hood
747:The opening ceremony of the
314:First line of the manuscript
271:sic de ceteris./ Singuli de
28:Cuckoo Song (disambiguation)
7:
1989:. Oxford University Press.
1894:. New York: Oliver Durrell.
1787:. New York: Overlook Press.
1148:1000 Years of Popular Music
1003:And how the wind doth ramm!
978:in 1916 for his collection
969:
940:Cows after calves make moo;
819:1000 Years of Popular Music
767:Roycroft Living Tone Record
668:Vite donat et secum coronat
477:And the meadow is blooming,
460:Sing cuccu ā¢ Sing cuccu nu
458:Sing cuccu nu ā¢ Sing cuccu.
161:It is sometimes called the
10:
2494:
2344:25, no. 1 (Spring): 38ā57.
2257:"Hear the English Singers"
2123:Moore, A. Keister (1951).
1529:Curtiz & Keighley 1938
985:The Loathsome Lambton Worm
934:And springs the wood anew;
919:is a mixed translation by
703:
634:Christian version in Latin
381:13th century English round
56:Harley MS 978, folio 11v,
25:
18:
2307:Cataldi, Claudio (2017).
2284:10.1017/S0961137100000012
2177:Review of English Studies
2019:McAlpine, Fraser (2012).
1633:Albright, Daniel (2004).
944:Now shrilly sing, cuckoo!
715:Renditions and recordings
707:" in the manuscript (see
693:on the throne of heaven.
608:Middle English Dictionary
420:
417:
409:
64:
49:
42:
37:
2418:Original and translation
2077:Millett, Bella (2003d).
2065:Millett, Bella (2003c).
2053:Millett, Bella (2003b).
2041:Millett, Bella (2003a).
1952:. n.d. Hyperion SIGCD141
1673:The Hilliard Ensemble ā
1088:Wurry springeth up anew,
1077:And dripth the wud thru.
1013:Damm you; Sing: Goddamm.
950:Be never still, cuckoo!
822:(2003 Beeswing Records).
652:
610:records a personal name
490:The billy-goat farting,
488:The bullock is prancing,
209:
2186:Dyson Trust Discography
2089:Millett, Bella (2004).
1932:. New York: Routledge.
1899:Haskell, Harry (1988).
1779:Crystal, David (2004).
879:
868:) opens with this song.
829:(2009 Signum Classics).
180:
2101:Minard, Jenny (2009).
1106:
1095:Better job I naver nu.
1056:
1024:
953:
784:For similar purposes,
769:No.159, in early 1928.
728:
675:
664:exposuit mortis exicio
577:
568:
542:meaning is intended".
497:You sing well, cuckoo,
465:
336:
326:
315:
296:
275:ro repausent ad pausac
187:
146:
97:
16:Medieval English canon
2478:Medieval compositions
2162:Rogers, Jude. 2010. "
1908:Hilts, Carly (2018).
1824:Modern Language Notes
1747:Colton, Lisa (2017).
1720:Brown, Allan (2010).
1125:While Middle English
1071:Plumber is icumen in;
1068:
1053:death is a-comin in.
1042:
994:
925:
722:
572:
563:
492:Sing merrily, cuckoo!
440:Awe bleteĆ¾ after lomb
435:and springĆ¾ Ć¾e wde nu
335:
324:
313:
263:imam notam post cruce
2458:Middle English poems
2243:: CS1 maint: year (
2184:Siese, Ray (n.d.). "
2179:50, no. 198:188ā195.
1981:"Sumer is icumen in"
1970:: CS1 maint: year (
1890:Hall, David (1948).
1493:Hyperion Records n.d
1109:Notes and references
1079:Bludie hel, boo-hoo!
1060:Plumber is icumen in
1049:Death is a-comin in,
1009:An ague hath my ham.
997:Winter is icumen in,
930:Loudly sing, cuckoo!
873:Charlotte Dos Santos
749:1972 Summer Olympics
685:not sparing the Son,
681:The heavenly farmer,
654:Perspice Christicola
644:Crucifixion of Jesus
473:Loudly sing, cuckoo!
442:lhouĆ¾ after calue cu
150:is the oldest known
2468:Harleian Collection
2223:Boosey & Hawkes
2193:Mr Spencer (2011).
2170:(Thursday 29 July).
1914:Current Archaeology
999:Lhude sing Goddamm,
928:Sumer is Icumen in,
677:Observe, Christian,
616:Johannes le Fartere
512:The celebration of
475:The seed is growing
471:Summer has arrived,
455:ne swik Ć¾u nauer nu
453:Wel singes Ć¾u cuccu
154:featuring six-part
152:musical composition
19:For the album, see
2380:Grove Music Online
2325:Grove Music Online
1783:Stories of English
1058:Another parody is
1051:Sing, cuckoo sing.
1047:Sing, cuckoo sing,
948:Wild bird are you;
862:Sumer is icumen in
729:
592:Sumer is icumen in
427:Sumer is icumen in
337:
327:
316:
219:l saltem duobus no
82:Sumer is icumen in
38:Sumer is icumen in
2396:Notes and Queries
1644:978-0-226-01267-4
1090:Boo-hoo, boo-hoo.
1073:Bludie big tu-du.
884:In the 1938 film
871:Norwegian singer
858:Hilliard Ensemble
839:perform the song
808:self-titled album
699:
698:
662:Filio non parcens
510:
509:
390:
372:
353:
308:
307:
267:, inchoat alius,
167:mensural notation
78:
77:
2485:
2388:The Music Review
2319:
2313:
2287:
2264:
2261:The Worldās Work
2248:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2158:
2143:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
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2001:Internet Archive
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1950:Hyperion Records
1941:
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1878:is available at
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843:for their album
814:Richard Thompson
738:Benjamin Britten
706:
705:
658:Celicus agricola
649:
612:Walterus Fartere
448:murie sing cuccu
429:Lhude sing cuccu
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100:
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2293:Further reading
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2199:Louder Than War
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1712:British Library
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921:Anthony Shaffer
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837:The Futureheads
763:English Singers
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742:Spring Symphony
717:
695:
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682:
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672:
669:
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665:
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660:pro vitis vicio
659:
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506:
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501:
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499:Never stop now.
498:
496:
495:Cuckoo, cuckoo,
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2470:
2465:
2463:Rounds (music)
2460:
2446:
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2430:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2412:External links
2410:
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1831:(2): 112ā113.
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1744:
1739:978-1846971440
1738:
1717:
1703:
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1652:Anon. (n.d.).
1649:
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1557:
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1531:, 20:37ā20:44.
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1379:Compazine 2013
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1107:
1069:
1064:A. Y. Campbell
1043:
1037:The Seasonings
1005:Sing: Goddamm.
995:
990:The Wicker Man
971:
968:
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946:Cuckoo, cuckoo
926:
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433:and bloweĆ¾ med
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2253:Taylor, Deems
2250:
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1998:
1996:9780198662129
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1876:paginated PDF
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1505:McAlpine 2012
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1403:Hoffmann 2004
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1316:Millett 2003d
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1288:
1287:Millett 2003c
1283:
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1275:Millett 2003b
1271:
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1259:
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1251:Millett 2003a
1247:
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1224:Albright 2004
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2227:. Retrieved
2221:
2214:Spicer, Paul
2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2176:
2168:The Guardian
2167:
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2112:. Retrieved
2106:
2030:. Retrieved
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1984:
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1949:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
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1900:
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1880:academia.edu
1868:10 September
1866:. Retrieved
1861:
1857:
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1810:. Retrieved
1806:
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1560:
1548:
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1500:
1488:
1481:Deusner 2006
1476:
1464:
1437:
1415:Haskell 1988
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1343:Ericson 1938
1323:
1311:
1304:Platzer 1995
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1239:Millett 2004
1219:
1203:
1196:Wulstan 2000
1176:
1164:
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912:
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789:
778:
775:George Dyson
700:
679:such honour!
676:
656:que dignacio
653:
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228:
227:eos qui dicu
224:
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175:stone relief
163:Reading Rota
162:
160:
143:
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106:
103:Summer Canon
102:
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79:
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2423:Music sheet
2278:(1): 1ā17.
2138: [
1858:Make It New
1617:Bitner 2020
1589:Fisher 2014
1577:Rogers 2010
1553:Minard 2009
1541:Colton 2017
1430:Leslie 1942
1391:Taylor 1929
1328:Roscow 1999
1208:Latham 2002
1181:Roscow 1999
1103:Pooh-pooh!
1045:Carpe diem,
904:Errol Flynn
892:Little John
851:Nul Records
734:boys' choir
709:Christogram
585:Old English
451:Cuccu cuccu
343:Melody only
133: [
107:Cuckoo Song
2452:Categories
2399:243:22ā24.
2303:2: 79ā114.
1697:21 October
1603:, p.
1601:Brown 2010
1417:, 115ā116.
1367:Spicer n.d
1355:Moore 1951
1263:Hilts 2018
1157:References
976:Ezra Pound
956:Television
908:Robin Hood
902:played by
900:Robin Hood
841:a cappella
437:Sing cuccu
431:GroweĆ¾ sed
402:media help
2229:7 October
2204:7 October
2114:7 October
2032:7 October
1956:7 October
1812:7 October
1807:Pitchfork
1692:ChoralNet
1663:7 October
1565:Anon. n.d
1457:Hall 1948
1442:Siese n.d
860:'s album
833:Post-punk
701:written "
197:part song
156:polyphony
84:" is the
2390:9:81ā86.
2335:63:1ā21.
2333:Speculum
2255:(1929).
2239:cite web
2216:(n.d.).
2155:43346063
1966:cite web
1680:AllMusic
1517:AllMusic
970:Parodies
810:in 1984.
800:Cardiacs
704:ĻĻĢ
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536:reverdie
528:reverdie
523:reverdie
136:Wikidata
105:and the
65:Language
2435:in the
1919:15 July
1845:2912044
1773:YouTube
1730:Birlinn
1626:Sources
963:Bagpuss
606:). The
588:feortan
556:feortan
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279:ones sc
255:. Et cu
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980:Lustra
864:(2002
849:(2012
827:Emilia
624:ferten
620:farten
581:verteĆ¾
540:ironic
518:spring
514:summer
410:Lyrics
283:iptas
251:t pede
247:i tene
243:hiis q
2312:(PDF)
2151:JSTOR
2142:]
1841:JSTOR
1543:, 31.
1393:, 12.
1135:sumer
1127:sumer
1114:Notes
1032:cumin
835:band
796:disc.
640:Latin
604:vetch
600:fetch
193:round
144:This
139:]
93:round
88:of a
44:Canon
2368:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2245:link
2231:2016
2206:2016
2116:2016
2034:2016
1991:ISBN
1972:link
1958:2016
1934:ISBN
1921:2020
1870:2023
1814:2016
1753:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1699:2022
1665:2016
1639:ISBN
1212:1226
1198:, 8.
880:Film
856:The
846:Rant
761:The
235:aute
188:rota
181:Rota
147:rota
98:rota
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1833:doi
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