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areas outside the West Chance were shut down and salvaged in an orderly fashion and all resources were directed toward the West Chance. By July 1997, the mine workings below the 4000 level were salvaged of all usable equipment and materials and allowed to begin filling with water. In 1995, Sunshine acquired the neighboring
Consolidated Silver (ConSil) property consisting of the surface facilities and underground workings of the Silver Summit Mine. This mine has served as the Sunshine Mine's second access for years. The ConSil underground mine workings are primarily accessed by an adit to an internal 5600 feet shaft. The surface opening of this adit is located about two miles east of the Jewell shaft.
294:. According to court records, the Blake Brothers were living in Snohomish County, Washington Territory, by October 1878. Sometime after November 1879 the brothers relocated to the eastern part of the territory, settling in the small city of Spokane Falls. By early 1880 the Blakes had relocated to the Coeur d'Alene Valley in Idaho, where they homesteaded at the mouth of a stream named Big Creek; located midway between the present cities of Kellogg and Wallace. Here the Blakes farmed for several years. In September 1884, they happened to locate the Yankee Boy and Yankee Girl ore deposits up Big Creek Canyon from their homestead.
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North Bay, Ontario, Canada. The mine was evacuated and sealed. All intakes feeding oxygen into the mine had to be sealed off, and nitrogen was injected to further reduce oxygen levels and extinguish the fire. On June 12, 2012, working under the guidance of the federal Mine Safety and Health
Administration (MSHA) the seal was broken on the shaft and crews reached the mine's 3,100-foot level where the fire started. Gas readings at the 3,100 level showed no carbon monoxide and appropriate levels of oxygen, indicating the fire was out.
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headings underground were centralized by shutting down the outlying, more costly production and development headings, and limiting operation to day shift only. The mining operations were consolidated in the Copper vein area and the most productive headings in the "Footwall Area". The mine below the 5000 level was salvaged and allowed to fill with water. Production was cut in half, while the work force was reduced by 65%.
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successful entrepreneur), Alexander Miller (also a civic leader), and Nathan P. "N.P." Hull (known for his successful orchards). Hull served on the Board of
Directors until his death in July 1929. Three years after his death, in 1932, Hull's son Carroll M. Hull was named to the Board. Carroll Hull served on the Board of Sunshine until February 1965.
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1910, True's widow Hattie Blake and his brother Dennis Blake opted to lease out the mining property. The property was leased to several individuals sometime on or about
September 1912. The property went through a series of acquisitions in the years following, being leased and managed at various times by men such as Sidney Shonts and next Dan Price.
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southeast, other internal shafts (the No. 4, No. 5 and No. 10 shafts, more properly defined as winzes) were sunk or raised to more efficiently service the operations. The other principal internal shaft is the No. 12 shaft, servicing the Copper vein and the West
Syndicate vein in the western end of the mine.
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On
February 14, 2012, the mine was evacuated after a sensor in a vent shaft detected elevated levels of carbon monoxide inside. Twelve people were underground at the time, during the evening. All were workers for an underground mining services contractor called The Redpath Group, with headquarters in
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On April 22, 2010, Sterling Mining
Company announced that Court papers will be filed shortly seeking to approve a successful $ 24.0 million (~$ 32.7 million in 2023) bid for the assets and stock of Sterling Mining Company, the operator of the historic Sunshine Mine. The successful bidder—with a
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On
November 2, 2009, Alberta Star Development Corp. announced that it has entered into a binding term sheet with Sterling Mining Company to acquire a controlling interest in Sterling and its assets and provide for financing of Sterling's ongoing operations. Alberta Star later gave up their pursuit of
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In 1921 a 25-ton per day mill was constructed. The mill was later expanded piecemeal and eventually reached a daily capacity of 500 tons. Soon after the concentrator was commissioned, the
Sunshine tunnel was dug from the surface in an exploration effort that discovered higher quality ore historically
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At closure the mine reserves were 1.13 million tons containing 26.75 million ounces of silver at 23.6 ounces Ag/ton. Upon closing of the mine these 'Historic' or 'Legacy reserves' were reclassified to 'mineralized material' as required by United States
Securities and Exchange Commission regulations.
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of silver in 1973, secretly buying silver contracts. By 1974 they had contracts for 55 million ounces of silver, 9% of all silver stores. They took delivery, placing 40 million ounces in Switzerland and the remainder near the New York and Chicago markets. By 1975 they used Great Western, which they
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After the Sunshine Mine reopened and resumed full production, it regained its position as the number one silver producer in the Nation. In 1979 alone, Sunshine Mine produced 18% of the Nation's silver ore. By the end of 1988, the mine was at full production. Ore production was primarily from mining
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The day shift on the morning of May 2, 1972, included 173 men. Around 11:40 a.m., smoke was discovered coming from the 910 raise on the 3700 level. As the smoke spread rapidly throughout the mine, the No. 10 shaft foreman ordered an evacuation at about 12:03 p.m. Men were hoisted from the
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Price, President of the Big Creek Leasing Company, spent a large sum of money in an effort to reach ore reserves on the lower levels of the Blake Brothers previous workings. When unsuccessful, Price recruited Spokane businessman Eugene Tousley. Tousley, in turn, recruited John Sawbridge, a Yakima,
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It was these deposits, namely the Yankee Lode mining claim, that the Blake brothers staked in late September 1884. The two brothers mined their claim for the next two decades until poor health persuaded them to release control of the property to other interests. Following the death of True Blake in
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report by Behre Dolbear & Company estimated measured and indicated resources of 31.51 million ounces of silver in 1.43 million tons at 21.8 ounces of silver per ton and inferred resources of 231.5 million ounces of silver in 2.28 million tons at 101.6 ounces of silver per ton. The Behre Dolbear
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The West Chance vein was discovered in 1992. By late 1996 it was clear the ore body was of sufficient size and value to support the mine's return to full production. The reserves were then developed by trackless ramp and lateral development methods using LHD (Load-Haul-Dump) equipment. The working
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In 1935 the concentrator at the mine was upgraded with new ball mill grinding units and flotation cells. These increased the capacity to 1,000 tons per day while attaining a recovery of 98%. The sinking of the new four-compartment vertical Jewell shaft was started, reaching the 2300 level in 1936.
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Following the death of Sawbridge in 1931, Larson became president and served the company in that capacity until his own death in 1934. At that time Robert M. Hardy (a Yakima native and President of the Yakima National Bank) became president. He served as President until his resignation in 1956, at
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In 1991, the silver price fell to $ 3.90 (~$ 9.00 in 2023) per ounce and the operation was losing money. A mining plan was put together to reduce losses substantially while waiting for prices to improve. This was referred to as the "small mine plan" and was implemented in June 1991. The operation
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In 1989, the mine produced 4.8 million ounces of silver. Production from the high grade Copper vein stopes began to impact the silver production volumes. During 1990, the mine produced 5.4 million ounces of silver, the most since 1971. By now the high-grade Copper vein stopes on 4200 level were
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It was primarily the exploitation of the Sunshine vein followed by the Chester vein that determined the present configuration of the underground workings. With the discovery of the Chester vein on the 2700 level and the ore body's distance from the Jewell shaft of approximately 4000 feet east -
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From historical records beginning in 1904, the Sunshine Mine has produced 364,893,421 ounces of silver from 12,953,045 tons of ore through 2001, when the mine was closed. From January 1, 1998, to January 1, 2004, the average reserves carried by the mine were 1.38 million tons, containing 32.20
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In approximately 1921 a group of businessmen and entrepreneurs from Yakima purchased a controlling interest in Sunshine Mining Company. John Sawbridge became and/or remained the President of the company. The Yakima businessmen who joined the Board at this time were Albert E. "A.E." Larson (a
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The Blake Brothers, as they are frequently collectively referred to, were natives of Maine. In the fall of 1876, for reasons unspecified in extant sources, the Blake Brothers began their westward migration. They lived and worked in Chicago for some time before continuing west and settling in
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The Idaho law case went to the Supreme Court in 1979 (Leroy v. Great Western United Corp., 443 U.S. 173), having been found in Great Western's favor and appealed at each step by the state of Idaho over discussions of the appropriate venue. The Supreme Court case was decided on 26 June 1979,
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The mine ceased production in the first quarter of 2001 because of several factors. These included low silver prices and the lack of regular and consistent exploration and development due to prior management shifting cash flow from the mine to corporate expenses, debt and other projects.
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Of the 173 men in the mine at the time of the fire, 80 were able to evacuate, with the last one reaching the surface by 1:30 p.m. Two men, able to find a safe zone on the 4800 level near the No. 12 borehole, were rescued 175 hours later. The remaining 91 men died of
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In 1957, under the Presidency of Robert M. Hardy Jr., Sunshine Mining Company drilled the Medina No. 1 oil well. This was located immediately north of the town of Ocean City on the coast of Washington State. This was a joint venture with J.W. Tanner, a businessman from
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lower levels to the 3100 level, where they were directed to make their way to the Jewell Shaft. Yet, hoisting stopped at 1:02 p.m. after the hoistman was overcome by smoke and carbon monoxide. Many of the men who reached the 3100 level were also overcome.
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Sunshine Mining Company purchased Tanner's interest in the company in 1958. Sunshine's Medina No. 1 well would produce 12,500 barrels of oil and remains Washington State's only commercially producing oil well. In 1961 the well was capped and production stopped.
682:. In 1930, an extremely rich ore body was discovered within the Sunshine Mine at the 1700 foot level, followed closely by the Crescent and Polaris mines. By 1937, the Sunshine Mine was producing more silver than any other mine in the world, with 13,971,196
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the Chester vein systems serviced by the No. 10 shaft and the remnants of the Sunshine and Rambo vein stopes, referred to as the Footwall area on the 3700 and 3400 levels. The 4000 and 4200 level Copper vein was under development from the No. 12 shaft.
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per 319,310 tons of crude ore. Additionally, the mine produced 3,091,085 pounds of copper, 1,479,175 pounds of lead, and 659 ounces of gold. By 1949, the Sunshine Mine had 186,000 feet of workings, including the 3900 vertical feet of the Jewell
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426:, the Hunt brothers attempted to take over the Sunshine Mine. This gave them control of another 30 million ounces and exempted them from new trading restrictions. They bought the mine's shares at a premium, which invoked the
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In 1960, sand-filling operations were introduced underground at Sunshine Mine. The mill tailings were classified so that the coarser material, approximately 45% of the total mill feed, was used for stope backfill.
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310:. The original officers of the company were Eugene C. Tousley, E. Ely, and V.S. Ricaby. Tousley was a broker in the mining industry, working in Spokane. During this time W.F. Newton was manager of the company,
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overturning Great Western's choice of Texas courts to sue Idaho. The Hunts lost their majority shareholder status in 1979 when part of the deal fell apart, and Sunshine sold their interest back to the mine.
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The mine was closed for seven months after the fire. It was one of the worst mining disasters in American history, and the worst disaster in Idaho history. Today, a monument to the lost miners stands beside
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It is unclear exactly when Sawbridge became involved in the company, but he likely held stock when the Sunshine Mining Company was officially formed in 1918. At this time the company's headquarters were in
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The Sunshine Mine property had its beginning in 1884. In September of that year two brothers, True and Dennis Blake, filed claim on a series of ore deposits in the Big Creek mining district in
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of the Silver Valley in Idaho, and the location of the Osburn Fault, the Polaris Fault, the Alhambra Fault, the Big Creek Fault, and the Placer Creek Fault (north to south).
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379:. Besides the 31 victims found on the 3100 level, 21 were found on the 5200 level, 16 on 3700, 7 on 4400, 7 on 4800, 4 on 3400, 3 on 4200, and 2 on 5000.
430:. The acquisition was blocked by an Idaho law. Great Western sued on the grounds that the state law placed an undue burden on interstate commerce and
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HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORT FINAL REPORT OF MAJOR MINE FIRE DISASTER, SUNSHINE MINE, SUNSHINE MINING COMPANY, KELLOGG, SHOSHONE COUNTY, IDAHO
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238:. It has been one of the world's largest and most profitable silver mines, having produced over 360 million ounces of silver by 2001.
262:, between Kellogg and Wallace. In a mountainous area, the mine entrance is approximately 2,790 feet (850 m) above sea level.
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lies within the Polaris Fault to the north and the Big Creek Fault to the south, with maximum displacements of about 5000 feet.
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The Idaho law court case was also discarded on its merits, allowing Great Western to acquire the Sunshine Mining Company.
618:. It is based in New York as part of the Electrum Group of Companies, an international investor in precious metal mines.
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the Williams Act. Great Western and Sunshine Mine also sued each other in court, settling out of court in October 1977.
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In 1943 a crew drifting east on the 2700 level following the Silver Syndicate fault discovered the famous Chester vein.
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1303:"Blue Sky L. Rep. P 71,433, Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 96,529 Great Western United Corporation v. Wayne..., 577 F.2d 1256"
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cash price of $ 24.0 million—was Silver Opportunity Partners LLC (SOP). SOP is a privately held company owned by
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bought the previous year, to buy up commodities; the company had 21 million ounces of contracts by mid-1976.
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1328:"Leroy v. Great Western United Corp., 443 U.S. 173, 99 S. Ct. 2710, 61 L. Ed. 2d 464, 1979 U.S. LEXIS 143"
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The Sunshine Mine is on the east side of Big Creek waterway and south of the unincorporated community of
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Pitchblende Occurrence at the Sunshine Mine, Shoshone County, Idaho, Trace Elements Memorandum Report 29
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These "Legacy Resources" are now classified as Mineral Resources under the CIM Definition Standards.
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report is considered historic in nature and illustrates the resource potential of the Sunshine Mine.
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becoming substantial producers, while production from the 10 shaft stopes was dropping off.
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Sunshine Mine is just upstream from Crescent Mine, which operated between 1906 and 1986.
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passes approximately two miles (3.2 km) north of the Sunshine Mine complex.
1223:"From Cornering to Cornered: The Hunt Brothers' Adventures in The Silver Market"
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to the north and the Big Creek Fault to the south. The overturned Big Creek
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1068:. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration. Archived from
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Through a long series of events, the Hunts' cornering of the market led to
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981:"This Week in Petroleum History, December 16 to December 22 | AOGHS"
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37:
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Jarrett, Stanley; Brake, E. Levi; Riley, Robert; Wilson, Roland (1972).
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The Deep Dark: Disaster and Redemption in America's Richest Silver Mine
688:
573: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
498: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The Silver Belt of the Coeur D'Alene District, Idaho, Pamphlet No. 50
1193:"Investing In History Precious Metals Dealer Gambles On Silver Ingot"
1050:. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. pp. 2, 15–23, 34.
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1164:"The Hunt Brothers: How they Did It and What we Can Learn From it"
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The Coeur D'Alene District is hosted by rocks of the Pre-Cambrian
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1062:"1972 Sunshine Mining Company Mining Disaster, Kellogg, Idaho"
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which time his son succeeded him as President of the Company.
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and dipping steeply to the south. The veins are composed of
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845:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 79–81.
1376:. Moscow: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology. pp. 1–5
1278:"Great Western United Corp. v. Kidwell, 439 F. Supp. 420"
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within the northern limb of this anticline, with an E-W
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1117:"The deadliest disaster to ever happen in each state"
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at the 500, 1700, 2300, 3100, and 3700 foot levels.
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Sunshine Mine cross section at the time of the fire
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Silver, Copper, Antimony, Gold, Lead, Zinc, Uranium
1513:Buildings and structures in Shoshone County, Idaho
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1095:. New York: Three Rivers Press. pp. 393–394.
302:Washington businessman and mining entrepreneur.
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456:in the SEC) meant the Hunts were caught out on
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346:with specific interests in the oil industry.
460:, leading to the bankruptcy of their empire.
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759:"Idaho's Silver Valley Poised for Expansion"
610:the mine in the face of competing interest.
250:million ounces of silver at 23.3 oz Ag/ton.
1404:. US Dept. of the Interior, USGS. p. 3
866:Bankson, Russell; Harrison, Lester (1966).
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634:, exceeding 20,000 feet in thickness. The
1497:Behre Dolbear, NI43-101 report, New York,
1252:"Hunt Brothers Named To Board of Sunshine"
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1028:American Oil & Gas Historical Society
953:"CONTENTdm Collection : Item Viewer"
925:"CONTENTdm Collection : Item Viewer"
913:. 30 March 2018 – via Google Books.
589:Learn how and when to remove this message
514:Learn how and when to remove this message
414:The Hunt brothers began their attempt to
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393:A video about the Sunshine Mine disaster
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870:. New York: Vantage Press. p. 135.
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1523:Underground mines in the United States
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450:Commodities Futures Trading Commission
1548:Mining disasters in the United States
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1426:. Sunshine Silver Mining and Refining
1370:Shenon, P.J.; McConnel, R.H. (1939).
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571:adding citations to reliable sources
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496:adding citations to reliable sources
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1533:1972 disasters in the United States
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452:(and a change in margin rules from
27:Silver mine in Silver Valley, Idaho
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1353:"Sunshine Mine lays off 24 miners"
884:(105 ed.). 1912. p. 417.
843:Hecla: A Century of Western Mining
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1518:Silver mines in the United States
226:is located between the cities of
1395:Adams, John; King, R.U. (1950).
1066:Mining Disasters – An Exhibition
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1162:Jason Tillberg (4 March 2011).
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828:Yankee Boys To Silver Merchants
810:Yankee Boys to Silver Merchants
788:United States Geological Survey
738:United States Geological Survey
558:needs additional citations for
483:needs additional citations for
1483:. New York: Crown Publishers.
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1457:. University of Idaho Press.
911:"The Salt Lake Mining Review"
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1191:Becky Kramer (13 May 1995).
1024:"Medina No. 1 well Archives"
897:History of the Sunshine Mine
826:Stamper, Michael (c. 1981).
808:Stamper, Michael (c. 1981).
784:Mineral Resource Data System
734:Mineral Resource Data System
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882:Mining and Scientific Press
678:with 11% silver, making it
327:identified as "Chinatown".
201:1887–99, 1904–05, 1912–2001
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1453:The Sunshine Mine Disaster
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1230:Ethics at Duke University
1142:"Spokane Daily Chronicle"
1006:"Spokane Daily Chronicle"
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377:carbon monoxide poisoning
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1256:timesmachine.nytimes.com
133:47.501840°N 116.070759°W
42:Sunshine Miners Memorial
868:Beneath These Mountains
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674:. The ore mineral is
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358:Sunshine Mine Disaster
284:Shoshone County, Idaho
138:47.501840; -116.070759
1543:1972 mining disasters
1449:Brock, James (1995).
1091:Olsen, Gregg (2005).
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650:deposits occur along
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88:Silver Valley (Idaho)
957:kaga.wsulibs.wsu.edu
929:kaga.wsulibs.wsu.edu
895:Anderson, Robert L.
841:Fahey, John (1990).
567:improve this article
492:improve this article
424:Great Western United
292:Washington Territory
1072:on 15 December 2018
344:Olympia, Washington
308:Spokane, Washington
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579:December 2018
572:
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556:This section
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504:December 2018
497:
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481:This section
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464:Post-Hunt era
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278:Early history
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267:Interstate 90
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224:Sunshine Mine
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72:Sunshine Mine
60:
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34:
31:Sunshine Mine
19:
18:Sunshine mine
1478:
1473:Olsen, Gregg
1452:
1428:. Retrieved
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1397:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1372:
1365:
1357:cdapress.com
1356:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1331:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1255:
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1234:. Retrieved
1229:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:
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1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
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1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:the original
1065:
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1027:
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989:. Retrieved
985:the original
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791:. Retrieved
783:
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741:. Retrieved
733:
704:Geologic map
676:tetrahedrite
629:
620:
612:
608:
604:
600:
585:
576:
565:Please help
560:verification
557:
533:
529:
525:
510:
501:
490:Please help
485:verification
482:
458:margin calls
454:Paul Volcker
443:
439:
436:
428:Williams Act
421:
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240:
234:in northern
223:
221:
1076:15 December
684:fine ounces
680:freibergite
636:Silver Belt
165:Underground
136: /
124:116°04′15″W
112:Coordinates
1507:Categories
1430:3 December
1408:3 December
1380:3 December
991:2014-01-29
711:References
689:mine shaft
432:pre-empted
175:Discovered
149:Production
121:47°30′07″N
1337:13 August
1312:13 August
1287:13 August
1262:13 August
1236:13 August
1202:13 August
1173:13 August
793:April 23,
743:April 23,
644:Anticline
254:Geography
1475:(2005).
1126:25 April
668:ankerite
660:siderite
243:Canadian
154:Products
84:Location
48:Location
1443:Sources
626:Geology
539:Closure
273:History
241:A 2007
232:Wallace
228:Kellogg
211: (
188: (
170:History
104:Country
1487:
1461:
1232:. 2019
1099:
849:
766:Mining
693:drifts
691:, and
672:gangue
664:quartz
656:strike
206:Closed
198:Active
183:Opened
1402:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
1048:(PDF)
762:(PDF)
702:1907
652:veins
640:Fault
236:Idaho
98:Idaho
94:State
1485:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1432:2018
1410:2018
1382:2018
1339:2020
1314:2020
1289:2020
1264:2020
1238:2020
1204:2020
1175:2020
1128:2023
1097:ISBN
1078:2018
847:ISBN
795:2020
745:2020
666:and
400:I-90
230:and
222:The
213:2001
209:2001
190:1890
186:1890
178:1884
162:Type
1121:MSN
648:Ore
569:by
494:by
1509::
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1212:^
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192:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
