Supreme Court of Korea

2069:). These trainees underwent a two-year training program at the JRTI, where they received education and competed with one another. The career options available to them after graduation were influenced by their performance and records at the JRTI. Graduates with outstanding records typically pursued careers as judges and prosecutors, while those with lower records often chose to work as lawyers in various fields. This system partially reflected the civil law tradition of considering prosecutors as a de facto part of the judiciary as the deputy director (or vice-president) of the JRTI is appointed among prosecutors according to Article 74(1) of the Court Organization Act. Similar arrangements can be observed in institutions like the 496: 2400:), which granted the Supreme Court the authority to decline hearing cases it considered trivial or unworthy of review. However, given that the South Korean legal system generally upholds the guiding principle of three trials, the prospect of the Supreme Court rejecting petitions was perceived as a potential infringement on the right to a fair trial. As a result, it was abolished in September 1990. Now, upon receiving a petition for review, the Supreme Court must form a panel consisting of four justices. The panel then either unanimously reaches a decision (e.g., uphold the lower court's ruling or remand the case) or refer the case for an 467: 577: 383: 441: 45: 1116:), is explicitly stipulated in Article 106(2) of the Constitution and Article 47 of the Court Organization Act. Similarly, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has the authority to order the retirement of lower ordinary court judges if they are found to have impairments. This retirement order system represents a significant distinction between Supreme Court justices and Constitutional Court justices. The latter cannot be ordered to retire due to impairment, as there is no statutory provision establishing such a system in the Constitutional Court Act. 57: 2321:). Remanding, in simple terms, refers to the act of overturning a lower court's decision and sending the case back for a retrial. In such cases, the lower court is bound by the legal principles highlighted by the Supreme Court. Unless new factual circumstances arise that challenge those legal principles, the lower court must render a decision as directed by the Supreme Court. Consequently, a "verdict of acquittal with a remand for retrial" is considered final, even though it necessitates a new trial at the lower court. 2184: 2156:. The Supreme Court building in Seocho has 16 floors and two underground floors with total space around 66,500 square meters. This large size building was necessary to hold the Supreme Court, National Court Administration and law library all together. Main Center of the building is mainly used by the Supreme Court, while east Wing is mainly used by National Court Administration. Other Wing is used by law library. At the center entrance of the building, three Korean words are engraved; 216: 550: 2125: 323: 706: 4920: 343: 4930: 2447:) positioned between the current appellate courts and the Supreme Court. This intermediate level of appellate courts would be specifically responsible for handling cases that the Supreme Court opts not to review or address. Each of these reform options carries its own implications and considerations, and stakeholders continue to discuss and analyze their potential impact on the South Korean judicial system. 2101:), was established in 2014 under Article 76-2 of the Court Organization Act. It serves as a specialized body within the Supreme Court of South Korea, focusing on research related to policy issues concerning the judicial system. Additionally, the JPRI plays a role in educating the public on fundamental aspects of the functioning of ordinary courts. 1089:). This appointment involves selecting a justice to fulfill the administrative duties associated with managing the national court system. Additionally, with the consent of the Council of Supreme Court Justices, the Chief Justice appoints all lower court judges in ordinary courts, further emphasizing their influential role in shaping the judiciary. 1002:) are governed by a combination of constitutional provisions and statutory regulations. While the current Constitution of South Korea does not specify the precise number of Supreme Court justices, this matter is addressed by the Court Organization Act, a statute that outlines the structure of ordinary courts in the country. 2496:, the problem of the Supreme Court is lighter than that of Constitutional Court, because the Supreme Court only requires simple majority for any decision by article 66(1) of the Act. Yet the Constitutional Court should have more at least six Justices to make upholding decision by article 113(1) of the Constitution. 2491:

Both Constitution and the Court Organization Act have no contingency plan for massive vacancy of the Supreme Court. Thus, when the National Assembly refuses to make consent on appointment of Supreme Court Justices by article 104(1) and (2) of the Constitution, there is no other option and the Supreme

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receive relatively brief deliberation, often lasting only "3 to 4 minutes," as disclosed by former Supreme Court Justice Park Sihwan in a post-retirement paper. Consequently, the role of Research Judges within the Court becomes vital, ensuring thorough analysis and examination of the legal cases that

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In either phase, the Supreme Court does not adjudicate facts but rather deliberates based on the evidence introduced in lower-court trials. Unlike the fact-finding nature of the lower courts, the Supreme Court only examines whether there are errors in the application of law and logic in the decisions

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Although the working terms for these research staff members are relatively short, they play a crucial role as core staff members in managing the entire judicial process of the Court. This is particularly important considering the high volume of cases appealed to the Court. As of April 2022, there are

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South Korea's Supreme Court follows a specific naming convention for current cases. The case name consists of a combination of numbers and alphabets that provide information about the case. The first two or four digits represent the year when the case was filed, indicating the timeframe in which the

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As outlined in Article 7(1) of the Court Organization Act, the Supreme Court of South Korea carries out its final appellate jurisdiction through two distinct phases. The first phase is known as the 'Petty Bench,' which consists of a smaller panel within the Court. The Petty Bench is presided over by

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was established in 1962. The Constitutional Court, itself never formed because of the coup, was abolished while the power of judicial review was conferred on the Supreme Court. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court retained its deference towards the ruling dictator. In 1971, the Supreme Court resisted the

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For instance, the letter 'Da' is used to denote cases related to private law, while the letter 'Du' is used for criminal law cases. This case code helps categorize and classify the types of cases being heard by the Court. Finally, the last serial number is assigned based on the order of case filing

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Given that the Court has three four-judge panels, only twelve out of the fourteen Supreme Court justices participate in the first phase of the procedure. The remaining two Supreme Court justices — the Chief Justice and the Minister of National Court Administration — hold administrative roles within

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During their term, as stated in Article 106(2) of the Constitution, justices cannot be removed from office except through impeachment or a sentence of imprisonment. Furthermore, engaging in any political party affiliations or activities is strictly prohibited under Article 43(1) and 49 of the Court

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These provisions ensure that the Supreme Court of South Korea is composed of individuals with substantial expertise and experience in the field of law. The appointment process, involving the President and the National Assembly, as well as the Chief Justice's role in recommending candidates, aims to

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To reach a decision, a simple majority vote among a quorum of two-thirds of all Supreme Court justices is required. In the event of a tie, the Chief Justice, serving as the permanent presiding chair of the council, has the authority to cast a tie-breaking vote. Article 17 of the Court Organization

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Empowered by Article 101(2) and 110(2) of the Constitution, the Supreme Court of South Korea possesses comprehensive final appellate jurisdiction over all cases from ordinary courts and military courts. Additionally, it exercises the power of judicial review at the sub-statutory level, similar to

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Article 105(1), (2), and (4) of the Constitution, along with Article 45(4) of the Court Organization Act, outline the term of associate justices of the South Korean Supreme Court. Their term is initially set at six years and can be renewed until the mandatory retirement age of 70. However, in the

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These responsibilities collectively highlight the multifaceted nature of the Chief Justice's position within the South Korean judicial system, encompassing not only judicial leadership but also administrative and nominating functions that contribute to the overall functioning and integrity of the

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According to Article 104(1) of the Constitution of South Korea, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President of South Korea, subject to the approval of the National Assembly. The requirements for experience and age for the Chief Justice are the same as those stipulated for

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would endow a new, differently-formed Constitutional Committee with the power of constitutional review but on the condition that a court first formally submit a request before the committee could hear a case. This extra procedural hurdle was meant to nullify the committee, since the Supreme Court

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This system of Research Judges and Judicial Researchers is influenced by the German concept of "Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter" (Research Associates). In Germany, Research Associates are lower court judges who are seconded to federal courts for up to five years, serving as judicial assistants to

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With the adoption of the American-style three-year law school system in South Korea, the JRTI's role as the exclusive professional school for law diminished. It transformed into an internal education institute for newly appointed judges and law clerks. Some senior judges also receive additional

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The Institute primarily recruits research fellows and researchers from the pool of lower ordinary court judges, as outlined in the provisions of Article 76-4 of the Act. However, a significant number of researchers are also recruited externally from individuals who possess PhD degrees and have

1999:

The NCA operates under the guidance and direction of the Chief Justice and implements decisions made by the Council of Supreme Court Justices. Its primary responsibilities include assisting the Chief Justice in matters related to human resources for lower ordinary court judges, planning fiscal

1956:

There are two categories of Research Judges. The first category consists of lower ordinary court judges who are seconded to the Supreme Court by order of the Chief Justice. The second category, known as Judicial Researchers, comprises experts who are not lower ordinary court judges. Judicial

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These functions include the promulgation of interior procedural rules, the selection of judicial precedents for publication, and fiscal planning for all ordinary courts, including the Supreme Court itself. In essence, the Council of Supreme Court Justices serves as a mechanism for collective

1979:), was established as an administrative body of the Supreme Court in accordance with Article 67 of the Court Organization Act. The NCA is responsible for overseeing and managing all administrative matters pertaining to the ordinary courts in South Korea, including the Supreme Court itself. 1079:

Under Article 111(3) of the Constitution, the Chief Justice nominates candidates for three out of the nine Constitutional Court justices. This role emphasizes the Chief Justice's involvement in the selection process for the Constitutional Court. Furthermore, the Chief Justice serves as the

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As of 2022, Article 4(2) of the Court Organization Act establishes that the number of Supreme Court justices is set at 14. Notably, all Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President of South Korea, subject to the approval of the National Assembly, as stated in Article 104(2) of the

2302:), comprising more than two-thirds of all Supreme Court justices, examines cases forwarded by the four-judge panels. Decisions are made by a simple majority vote. However, if a majority opinion cannot be reached, the Court's decision is determined in accordance with Article 66 of the Act. 2352:

Typically, the member in charge is selected randomly by a computer system to ensure impartiality and avoid any suspicion of bias. On the other hand, the presiding member is chosen based on seniority through a bureaucratic process. It is important to note that the term 'presiding judge'

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The unique institutional structure of the Supreme Court imposes a considerable workload on its justices. Each year, the Court handles a vast number of cases, typically ranging from 35,000 to 50,000. However, only a small fraction, approximately 10 to 20 cases, are selected for

2271:) examines how the appeal should be handled. If the four justices within the same panel reach a unanimous decision, the case is resolved within the panel. However, in cases where the panel fails to reach a unanimous decision or determines that the matter should be heard 2341:). The presiding member serves as the official representative of the panel, while the member in charge oversees the proceedings and trial and prepares the draft judgment for the specific case at hand. This role of the member in charge bears similarities to that of the 826:. The Supreme Court is at the top of the hierarchy of all ordinary courts in South Korea, and traditionally represented the conventional judiciary of South Korea. The Supreme Court has equivalent status as one of the two highest courts in South Korea. The other is the 2430:

The potential reforms to the South Korean judicial system remain a subject of controversy and debate. Several options have been put forth to address the existing challenges. These proposals encompass increasing the number of Supreme Court justices, reintroducing the

1988:), is exclusively appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from among the associate Supreme Court justices. Similar to other Supreme Court justices, the Minister is regarded as holding the same level of authority as other ministers included in the 1995:

Additionally, the Chief Justice typically appoints the Vice Minister of NCA, usually selecting a senior lower court judge for the position. The Vice Minister of NCA is treated at the same level as other vice-ministers within the government structure.

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A significant aspect of South Korean Supreme Court justices is that they can be compelled to retire against their will while serving their term if they are deemed to have severe mental or physical impairment. This retirement order

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To be eligible for appointment as a Supreme Court justice, individuals must meet certain criteria outlined in Article 42(1) of the Court Organization Act. First, they must be at least 45 years old. Second, they must qualify as an

1953:), comprises officials who provide support to the Supreme Court Justices. These officials, referred to as Research Judges (formerly known as Judicial Researchers or Research Judges), are governed by Article 24(3) of the Act. 2252:

session of the Court. The Grand Bench is always presided over by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. During these sessions, all justices of the Supreme Court come together to deliberate on cases and make decisions.

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expertise relevant to the field of judicial policy research. This diverse recruitment strategy enhances the institute's ability to gather insights and perspectives from both within and outside the ordinary courts.

1102:

current Sixth Republic, no justices have attempted to renew their term through reappointment. This is due to the potential risk to the judicial independence of the Court that may arise from such renewal attempts.

2359:) in South Korean courts often refers to a judge who is bureaucratically considered the 'head of the panel' rather than the individual who actively takes on the role of the presiding member for a specific case. 2061:) in Japan, which trained judges, prosecutors, and attorneys-at-law simultaneously. In South Korea, candidates for the JRTI were selected through a nationwide jurisprudence exam known as the 'Judicial exam' ( 951:) unconstitutional, a statute that limited state liability for injured soldiers during service. President Park retaliated by refusing reappointment of Supreme Court Justices, which had been a formality. The 972:, with the power of constitutional review. To prevent the president from undermining the judiciary again, the 1987 constitutional amendment, which established the Sixth Republic, allows citizens to file a 2462:'s presidency. According to the allegations, Yang was involved in manipulating a particular case to benefit President Park Geun-hye in exchange for the creation of an additional tier of appellate courts ( 2030:

Originally, the JRTI served as a nationwide two-year law school supported by the South Korean government. This was prior to South Korea adopting the American-style three-year law school system in 2008 (

1038:). This council consists of all Supreme Court justices, including the Chief Justice. The decision-making process of the council is governed by Article 16(1), (2), and (3) of the Court Organization Act. 2027:), is an institution primarily responsible for training and re-educating lower ordinary court Judges, as outlined in Article 72 of the Court Organization Act. However, its role has evolved over time. 2036:). Before the adoption of the American law school system, the JRTI played a vital role in training legal professionals in South Korea. Another pathway for legal professionals was recruitment by the 4895: 2228:

Another example of single-tier trials at the Supreme Court involves cases concerning disciplinary actions against judges for misconduct. According to Article 27(2) of the Discipline of Judges Act (

1046:

decision-making and oversight within the Supreme Court of South Korea, ensuring the fair and effective administration of justice while upholding the principles of transparency and accountability.

2204:

other ordinary courts, as specified in Article 107(2) of the Constitution. Notably, the Supreme Court exclusively handles certain cases as single-tier trials, without the possibility of appeal.

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The Supreme Court received approximately 35,000 – 48,000 appeal cases per year from 2011 to 2020. However, the South Korean Supreme Court is legally not allowed to "reject" an appeal (

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The Supreme Court's fame and trust is again gradually deteriorating again in contemporary South Korea, due to social concerns on unfairly lenient attitude toward establishments like

4900: 4810: 1006:

Constitution. Additionally, Article 104(2) empowers the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to recommend candidates for appointment to the position of Supreme Court justice.

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meaning Justice. The Supreme Court usually does not hold open hearing session, though sessions for verdicts are regularly held on the second and last Thursday of a month.

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regime to maintain the pretense that it granted the Committee full constitutional-review power. It effectively allowed the military junta to act with impunity. Following

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of the lower courts regarding the specific case. Therefore, the role of the Supreme Court is to review the decisions of the lower courts and not to issue new judgments.

4755: 4640: 1076:), which are composed of more than two-thirds of all fourteen justices. In addition to this crucial responsibility, the Chief Justice has other significant functions. 4740: 4720: 4800: 4785: 2000:

budgets and managing expenditure issues for all ordinary courts, and conducting internal inspections to ensure anti-corruption and ethical standards are upheld.

2275:(such as when changing a Supreme Court precedent or when addressing a significant constitutional issue at a sub-statutory level), the case is referred for an 867:

hampered the committee's function and eventually left it unable to re-constitute itself. Though the Supreme Court had no power of judicial review, it enjoyed

2647:"Yoon, Dae-Kyu. "The Constitutional Court System of Korea: The New Road for Constitutional Adjudication" Journal of Korean Law, vol. 1, no. 2, 2011, pp. 7-8" 2368:

legal proceedings began. Following the year, a case code composed of alphabets is assigned, which corresponds to a particular jurisdiction within the Court.

1957:

Researchers are appointed for a maximum term of three years, while Research Judges are typically seconded to work in the Supreme Court for one to two years.

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However, after Kim Byung-ro's retirement in 1957, the Supreme Court fell to autocratic influence. By giving the death sentence to Park's political contender

3122:"PARK SIHWAN. (2016). The Actual Appearance and Problems of the Korean Supreme Court Appeal Case Processing. Democratic Legal Studies, 62. pp.307, 316-317" 3888: 3299: 5011: 1598: 743: 3121: 2077:

training at the JRTI for technical matters. Currently, all training functions for Prosecutors have been transferred to the 'Institute of Justice' (

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where an aggrieved party petitions the Supreme Court, seeking the Court's review of a particular case — the Court may or may not grant certiorari.

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Moreover, the Chief Justice appoints one of the associate Supreme Court justices to the position of Minister of National Court Administration (

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uphold the independence and integrity of the Supreme Court while maintaining the necessary checks and balances within the judicial system.

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approximately 100 Research Judges and around 30 Judicial Researchers contributing to the operations of the Supreme Court in South Korea.

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chairperson of the Council of Supreme Court Justices, playing a pivotal role in leading and overseeing the activities of this council.

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Act further empowers the council with additional supervisory functions concerning the Chief Justice's power of court administration.

2219:

local governors, and local parliament members. These cases are governed by Article 222 and 223 of the Public Official Election Act (

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was established to replace the Constitutional Committee, but the Supreme Court remained largely unaffected by the changes. After

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See Supreme Court decisions for examples of presiding justice and justice in charge for the Petty Bench and the Grand Bench at

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One category of cases subject to single-tier trials in the Supreme Court pertains to disputes related to the election of the

2050: 2009: 736: 616: 4602: 4002: 654: 621: 815: 3839: 3527: 3016: 424: 411: 4685: 4153: 4148: 4077: 460: 4986: 4191: 4163: 4087: 2084: 983:

ranked the South Korean ordinary judiciary to be one of the most efficient in terms of trial length and trial costs.

2876: 4991: 4890: 4795: 4273: 3950: 3824: 3623: 3619: 729: 659: 486: 431: 418: 856:. This distribution of judicial power inside judiciary was never fully realized under rule of South Korea's first 4196: 4019: 3664: 3475: 2481:

and embarrassing political struggle inside the hierarchy of ordinary courts such as case-rigging scandal of 15th

2212: 1176: 389: 376: 111: 3075: 1026:

According to Article 104(2) of the Constitution of South Korea, the appointment of lower ordinary court judges (

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2019 Introductory Book of the Supreme Court of Korea, published and downloadable by the Supreme Court of Korea

1032:), by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court requires the consent of the 'Council of Supreme Court Justices' ( 4845: 4765: 4278: 4034: 3970: 3770: 3737: 3732: 2550: 2526: 2493: 921: 827: 819: 584: 503: 20: 814:, the Court has ultimate and comprehensive jurisdiction over all cases except those cases falling under the 4735: 4730: 4625: 4450: 4359: 3929: 2834: 2595:"Yong C. Park, Advance Toward "People's Court" in South Korea, 27 Wash. Int'l L.J. 177 (2017). pp. 181-184" 1989: 882: 525: 5001: 4855: 4830: 4745: 4725: 4675: 4645: 4635: 4263: 4258: 4221: 4216: 4130: 3977: 3945: 3856: 3819: 3599: 3337: 2960: 2939: 2750: 2708: 811: 363: 349: 129: 24: 2615:"KIM, MARIE SEONG-HAK. "Travails of Judges: Courts and Constitutional Authoritarianism in South Korea." 848:) in Chapter 5. The Supreme Court was established as the highest ordinary court but lacked the power of 495: 19:

This article is about South Korea's supreme ordinary court. For South Korea's constitutional court, see

4820: 4815: 4695: 4440: 4110: 3883: 3765: 3684: 3435: 3362: 3333:

The Constitution of the Republic of Korea (translated in English), Korea Legislation Research Institute

2918: 2546: 2016: 427: 414: 304: 1014:. Lastly, candidates must have accumulated over 20 years of experience in legal practice or academia. 4835: 4790: 4770: 4760: 4660: 4556: 4500: 3960: 3834: 3578: 3430: 3425: 3332: 2687: 2516: 2346: 2037: 1866: 1809: 1752: 1695: 1638: 1581: 1524: 1467: 1410: 1353: 1239: 1182: 945:

oppressive rule of President Park Chung Hee and declared Article 2 of the National Compensation Act (

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hearing, in theory, can consist of 10 justices, but typically consists of 13 Supreme Court justices.

916:) as obediently sentencing capital punishments over spy scandals fabricated by dictators. After the 889:, Chief Justice Kim Byung-ro famously defended the independence of the judiciary from Syngman Rhee. 5016: 4860: 4775: 4630: 4617: 4595: 4561: 4518: 4468: 4402: 4211: 4201: 4173: 4097: 4024: 3992: 3965: 3871: 3752: 3719: 3674: 3496: 2521: 2208: 1172: 973: 952: 933: 857: 795: 634: 626: 609: 543: 473: 401: 107: 4905: 4840: 4805: 4710: 4670: 4655: 4650: 4551: 4523: 4473: 3987: 3866: 3861: 3689: 3503: 2511: 969: 956: 941: 839: 466: 313: 2813: 2225:), which designates the Supreme Court as the sole authority responsible for their adjudication. 4865: 4825: 4780: 4715: 4690: 4680: 4665: 4528: 4510: 4478: 4460: 4168: 4140: 4092: 4069: 3849: 3742: 3704: 3679: 3614: 3610: 2666: 2309:

The Supreme Court primarily issues two types of rulings: affirming the lower court's decision (

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system was established in March 1981 under the Special Act on Acceleration of Lawsuits (

2087:, signifying a change in the training structure for legal professionals in South Korea. 440: 4488: 4425: 3694: 3646: 3468: 3256: 3178: 2622: 2594: 2492:

Court is paralyzed by vacancy of Justices. While this problem is also happening in the

2455: 2418:). This selective process means that a substantial portion of cases that are not heard 1296: 1269: 710: 667: 358: 44: 3037: 4929: 4435: 4379: 4374: 3590: 2113: 2054: 3338:

Court Organization Act (translated in English), Korea Legislation Research Institute

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associate Supreme Court justices under Article 42(1) of the Court Organization Act.

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The role of the Chief Justice extends beyond serving as the presiding member of

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In the initial phase of the procedure, a four-judge panel (or "Petty Bench,"

1904: 1847: 1790: 1733: 1676: 1619: 1562: 1505: 1166: 965: 791: 482: 4430: 4392: 3552: 3532: 3464: 2771: 2468:). He was arrested in 2019, and the trial is still ongoing as of May 2023. 2246:

The second phase is referred to as the 'Grand Bench,' which operates as an

2116:, providing a dedicated space for its research activities and initiatives. 864: 860: 512: 2124: 549: 215: 4933: 4580: 4541: 4312: 3460: 3392: 3387: 1448: 1391: 1334: 1277: 1220: 929: 893: 799: 3057:

In the Anglo-American legal system, this is commonly referred to as the

2667:"Judicial performance and its determinants: a cross-country perspective" 2626: 2614: 976:

directly with the Constitutional Court, even if courts refuse to do so.

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was dissolved and, after a nominal transition to civilian rule from a

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within a given year, ensuring a unique identification for each case.

1915: 1858: 1801: 1744: 1687: 1326: 1147: 568: 183: 3508: 3451: 1161: 852:, which was conferred upon the Constitutional Committee, a sort of 4384: 4253: 4186: 3548: 2478: 2248: 1896: 1212: 1066: 3252:"A South Korean Ex-Chief Justice Faces Case-Rigging Accusations" 3201:"An influence-peddling scandal ensnares South Korea's top court" 3174:"A South Korean Ex-Chief Justice Faces Case-Rigging Accusations" 4300: 3568: 3563: 3536: 3512: 3492: 2109: 1782: 881:), from 1948 to 1957. Renowned for his ardent participation in 231: 2329:

In South Korea, judicial panels include a 'presiding member' (

2243:

the most senior justice serving within that particular panel.

4546: 4494: 4305: 3906: 3669: 3556: 3516: 3484: 3480: 2192: 2153: 2133: 1839: 1725: 1668: 1611: 1554: 1440: 1383: 807: 771: 247: 96: 3327: 3279:"South Korean Supreme Court Caught in Park Geun-hye Scandal" 2441:), and establishing an additional tier of appellate courts ( 842:

established 'Supreme Court' and 'Constitutional Committee' (

2003: 1982:

The head of the NCA, referred to as the 'Minister of NCA' (

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The composition and appointment of Supreme Court justices (

980: 3227:"Why is 'appellate court' at center of judiciary scandal?" 2324: 2234:), such cases are exclusively heard by the Supreme Court. 904:'s era, the Supreme Court gained notorious reputation for 896:

in 1959 and also by sentencing death on the defendants of

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in the executive branch of the South Korean government.

960:

would never authorize such requests, while allowing the

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Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections

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the Court but are not assigned to any specific panel.

2021:

The 'Judicial Research and Training Institute' (JRTI,

981:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

161: 2814:"National Court Administration, Organizational Chart" 2148:, Seoul until year 1995. Currently, it is located in 2136:, until the 1990s. The building currently houses the 2090: 1049: 1021: 785: 3377: 2144:The Supreme Court was located in Seosomun-dong of 1595: 822:. It consists of fourteen Justices, including the 1823: 1627: 1570: 1538: 1513: 1456: 1399: 1367: 1342: 1285: 1228: 4978: 3300:"Assembly deadlock brings Supreme Court to halt" 2095:The 'Judicial Policy Research Institute' (JPRI, 1968: 1901: 1880: 1844: 1787: 1766: 1730: 1673: 1652: 1616: 1559: 1502: 1196: 4284:International adoption of South Korean children 3596:United States Army Military Government in Korea 3584:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1709: 1481: 1310: 968:, the Constitutional Court was restored in the 1445: 1424: 1388: 1331: 1274: 1217: 4596: 3363: 1253: 737: 2463: 2442: 2436: 2413: 2395: 2381: 2354: 2336: 2330: 2316: 2310: 2297: 2280: 2266: 2229: 2220: 2187:Current Supreme Court building from 1995 in 2174: 2166: 2158: 2096: 2078: 2041: 2031: 2022: 1983: 1974: 1948: 1947:The Research division of the Supreme Court ( 1912: 1855: 1798: 1741: 1684: 1111: 1084: 1071: 1033: 1027: 997: 946: 911: 876: 843: 775: 765: 253: 237: 4015:South Korea and weapons of mass destruction 3925:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 3781:List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea 3328:the Supreme Court of Korea Official Website 2507:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea 1056:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea 824:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea 4610: 4603: 4589: 3370: 3356: 2837:. Judicial Research and Training Institute 2049:The JRTI was initially modeled after the ' 1973:The 'National Court Administration' (NCA, 744: 730: 61:Supreme Court of Korea in Seocho-gu, Seoul 3129: 2619:, vol. 63, no. 3, 2015, pp. 612-614, 641" 5012:Courts and tribunals established in 1948 4008:List of political parties in South Korea 3171: 2547:"History of Constitutional Adjudication" 2182: 2123: 2071:French National School for the Judiciary 2004:Judicial Research and Training Institute 3913:State Affairs Commission of North Korea 3761:Administrative divisions of South Korea 3728:Administrative divisions of North Korea 2688:"Constitution of the Republic of Korea" 2617:The American Journal of Comparative Law 2471: 2325:Presiding Justice and Justice in charge 143:(mandatory retirement at the age of 70) 116:(for associate Justices, nomination of 23:. For North Korea's supreme court, see 4979: 3645: 2963:. Korea Legislation Research Institute 2942:. Korea Legislation Research Institute 2753:. Korea Legislation Research Institute 2711:. Korea Legislation Research Institute 2690:. Korea Legislation Research Institute 2046:) within the military justice system. 4584: 4329: 4242: 4207:Science and technology in South Korea 4057: 3998:Presidential elections in South Korea 3801: 3776:List of special cities of South Korea 3644: 3405: 3351: 3097:"전원합의체 선고 53%가 만장일치 ... 획일화 길 걷는 대법원" 2051:Legal Research and Training Institute 2010:Legal Research and Training Institute 898:People's Revolutionary Party Incident 838:The original constitution during the 810:. Established under Chapter 5 of the 16:Highest ordinary court of South Korea 4330: 4003:Legislative elections in South Korea 3406: 2879:. Judicial Policy Research Institute 2571:"Moderate, thoughtful Kim Byeong-ro" 49:Symbol of the Supreme Court of Korea 3076:"사법연감(통계), 2020년 사건추이(누년비교), p.674" 1119: 13: 5007:1948 establishments in South Korea 4154:Economic inequality in South Korea 4149:Automotive industry in South Korea 4078:Automotive industry in North Korea 3172:Sang-Hun, Choe (11 January 2019). 2108:Currently, the JPRI is located in 2091:Judicial Policy Research Institute 1942: 1173:President of the Republic of Korea 1050:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 873:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 220:Emblem of ordinary Courts of Korea 14: 5028: 4192:Financial services in South Korea 4164:Telecommunications in South Korea 4088:Telecommunications in North Korea 3321: 2128:The Supreme Court was located in 1022:Council of Supreme Court Justices 4928: 4919: 4918: 4274:Gender inequality in South Korea 4243: 3951:Foreign relations of South Korea 3825:Foreign relations of North Korea 3040:. Supreme Court Library of Korea 3038:"Guide, Supreme Court Decisions" 3019:. Supreme Court Library of Korea 2008:For the Japanese institute, see 704: 575: 548: 494: 465: 439: 381: 341: 321: 214: 55: 43: 4197:Fishing industry in South Korea 4020:National Assembly (South Korea) 3378:Index of Korea-related articles 3292: 3271: 3244: 3219: 3193: 3165: 3114: 3089: 3068: 3051: 3030: 3008: 2987: 2974: 2953: 2932: 2911: 2890: 2869: 2848: 2827: 2806: 2785: 2764: 2743: 2198: 1937: 3983:Republic of Korea Armed Forces 2940:"Public Official Election Act" 2722: 2701: 2680: 2659: 2639: 2607: 2587: 2563: 2539: 2362: 1961:judges in the highest courts. 1532:/ 1 year, 10 months 1418:/ 3 years, 4 months 1304:/ 4 years, 6 months 1247:/ 5 years, 8 months 1142:First day / Length of service 986: 776: 766: 254: 238: 1: 4279:Low birth rate in South Korea 4035:Constitutional Court of Korea 3971:Prime Minister of South Korea 3845:Heads of state of North Korea 3840:Supreme Leader of North Korea 3771:List of cities in South Korea 3738:Special cities of North Korea 3733:List of cities in North Korea 3476:Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea 3017:"All Supreme Court Decisions" 2551:Constitutional Court of Korea 2532: 2527:Constitutional Court of Korea 2494:Constitutional Court of Korea 2375: 1969:National Court Administration 1646:/ 1 year, 2 months 1589:/ 1 year, 2 months 828:Constitutional Court of Korea 820:Constitutional Court of Korea 585:Constitutional Court of Korea 504:Prime Minister of South Korea 21:Constitutional Court of Korea 4451:Korean pottery and porcelain 4360:Globalization in South Korea 3802: 2335:) and a 'member in charge' ( 2237: 883:Korean independence movement 7: 4264:Demographics of South Korea 4259:Demographics of North Korea 4222:1997 Asian financial crisis 4217:Trade unions in South Korea 4131:Rason Special Economic Zone 4058: 3978:Human rights in South Korea 3946:Constitution of South Korea 3857:Human rights in North Korea 3820:Constitution of North Korea 3600:Soviet Civil Administration 2500: 2279:hearing (or "Grand Bench," 2119: 991: 812:Constitution of South Korea 786: 350:Constitution of South Korea 291: 277: 130:Constitution of South Korea 76:; 76 years ago 25:Central Court (North Korea) 10: 5033: 4441:Traditional music of Korea 4111:Agriculture in North Korea 3956:Relations with North Korea 3918:President of State Affairs 3830:Relations with South Korea 3766:Environment of South Korea 3685:List of mountains in Korea 3620:COVID-19 pandemic in North 3436:Timeline of Korean history 3281:. The Diplomat. 2018-09-27 2995:"Exercise of Jurisdiction" 2961:"Discipline Of Judges Act" 2795:(in Korean). www.law.go.kr 2774:(in Korean). www.law.go.kr 2751:"Constitutional Court Act" 2017:Law schools in South Korea 2014: 2007: 1070:hearings (or Grand Bench, 1053: 833: 18: 4914: 4874: 4616: 4509: 4501:Propaganda in North Korea 4459: 4411: 4342: 4338: 4325: 4249: 4238: 4139: 4068: 4064: 4053: 3961:Government of South Korea 3938: 3930:Supreme People's Assembly 3835:Government of North Korea 3812: 3808: 3797: 3751: 3718: 3657: 3653: 3640: 3579:Korea under Japanese rule 3528:North–South States Period 3444: 3431:List of monarchs of Korea 3426:Military history of Korea 3418: 3414: 3401: 3383: 3131:10.15756/dls.2016..62.289 2793:"각급 법원에 배치할 판사의 수에 관한 규칙" 2517:Government of South Korea 2464: 2443: 2437: 2414: 2396: 2382: 2355: 2347:European Court of Justice 2337: 2331: 2317: 2315:) or remanding the case ( 2311: 2298: 2296:hearing ( "Grand Bench," 2281: 2267: 2230: 2221: 2175: 2167: 2159: 2097: 2079: 2066: 2058: 2042: 2038:South Korean Armed Forces 2032: 2023: 1984: 1975: 1949: 1867:Seoul National University 1810:Seoul National University 1753:Seoul National University 1696:Seoul National University 1639:Seoul National University 1582:Seoul National University 1525:Seoul National University 1468:Seoul National University 1411:Seoul National University 1354:Seoul National University 1240:Seoul National University 1183:Seoul National University 1112: 1096: 1085: 1072: 1034: 1028: 998: 947: 912: 877: 844: 284: 270: 246: 230: 225: 213: 208: 193:8 December 2023 189: 179: 172: 156: 148: 136: 125: 120:is additionally required) 102: 88: 70: 66: 54: 42: 37: 32: 4987:Judiciary of South Korea 4676:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 4562:Sexuality in South Korea 4519:Education in South Korea 4469:Education in North Korea 4403:Tattooing in South Korea 4212:Squatting in South Korea 4202:Miracle on the Han River 4174:Transport in South Korea 4098:Transport in North Korea 4025:Judiciary of South Korea 3993:Elections in South Korea 3966:President of South Korea 3872:Elections in North Korea 3753:Geography of South Korea 3720:Geography of North Korea 3675:List of islands of Korea 3497:Four Commanderies of Han 2997:. Supreme Court of Korea 2900:. Supreme Court of Korea 2816:. Supreme Court of Korea 2732:. Supreme Court of Korea 2709:"Court Organization Act" 2522:Judiciary of South Korea 2292:In the second phase, an 2209:President of South Korea 974:constitutional complaint 531:Administrative divisions 474:President of South Korea 303:This article is part of 4992:National supreme courts 4552:Marriage in South Korea 4524:Religion in South Korea 4474:Religion in North Korea 3988:Politics of South Korea 3884:Workers' Party of Korea 3867:Politics of North Korea 3690:List of rivers of Korea 3504:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2512:Politics of South Korea 314:Politics of South Korea 4611:Supreme Courts of Asia 4529:Smoking in South Korea 4511:Culture of South Korea 4479:Smoking in North Korea 4461:Culture of North Korea 4169:Tourism in South Korea 4141:Economy of South Korea 4093:Tourism in North Korea 4070:Economy of North Korea 4030:Supreme Court of Korea 3850:Premier of North Korea 3743:Geology of North Korea 3705:Geology of South Korea 3680:List of lakes of Korea 3615:History of North Korea 3611:History of South Korea 3153:Cite journal requires 2858:. Institute of Justice 2835:"50 Years of the JRTI" 2257:Four-Judge Panels and 2195: 2172:meaning equality, and 2141: 2040:as 'Judge Advocates' ( 887:Japanese colonial rule 792:highest ordinary court 758:Supreme Court of Korea 711:South Korea portal 617:Presidential elections 557:Supreme Court of Korea 209:Supreme Court of Korea 33:Supreme Court of Korea 4997:Courts in South Korea 4159:Energy in South Korea 4126:Mining in North Korea 4083:Energy in North Korea 2921:(in Korean). 대한민국 대법원 2772:"판사가 아닌 재판연구관에 관한 규칙" 2454:faced accusations of 2450:Former Chief Justice 2390:). In South Korea, a 2186: 2127: 2015:Further information: 869:judicial independence 850:constitutional review 622:Legislative elections 4963:37.4922°N 127.0052°E 4851:United Arab Emirates 4557:Media of South Korea 4534:Sport in South Korea 4484:Sport in North Korea 4269:Aging of South Korea 3862:Korean People's Army 3544:Later Three Kingdoms 3304:Korea JoongAng Daily 2877:"Organization Chart" 2472:Criticism and Issues 966:1987 democratization 922:Constitutional Court 854:constitutional court 272:Revised Romanization 140:Six years, renewable 4959: / 4878:limited recognition 4421:Korean architecture 4398:Korean tea ceremony 4365:Korean martial arts 4116:North Korean famine 2898:"History, Building" 2138:Seoul Museum of Art 2085:Ministry of Justice 149:Number of positions 5002:Law of South Korea 4426:Korean calligraphy 3695:Provinces of Korea 3647:Geography of Korea 3469:Jin (Korean state) 3257:The New York Times 3179:The New York Times 2456:influence-peddling 2196: 2142: 1473:September 17, 2021 1297:Hanyang University 1106:Organization Act. 875:, 'Kim Byung-ro' ( 668:Basic Income Party 103:Composition method 4968:37.4922; 127.0052 4942: 4941: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4436:Korean literature 4380:Religion in Korea 4375:Korean philosophy 4321: 4320: 4234: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4049: 4048: 4045: 4044: 3889:General Secretary 3793: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3591:Division of Korea 3207:. 26 January 2019 3078:. 대한민국 법원, 대국민서비스 2730:"Former Justices" 2213:National Assembly 2164:meaning freedom, 2114:Gyeonggi Province 1935: 1934: 1758:February 29, 2024 1701:February 29, 2024 1551:February 22, 1966 1530:November 25, 2022 1437:December 16, 1968 1359:September 8, 2020 1266:November 20, 1962 1245:December 28, 2018 1177:National Assembly 1171:Nominated by the 754: 753: 648:Political parties 390:National Assembly 298: 297: 286:McCune–Reischauer 204: 203: 137:Judge term length 112:National Assembly 5024: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4932: 4922: 4921: 4618:Sovereign states 4605: 4598: 4591: 4582: 4581: 4489:Arirang Festival 4389: 4370:Korean mythology 4340: 4339: 4332:Culture of Korea 4327: 4326: 4240: 4239: 4183: 4179:South Korean won 4107: 4103:North Korean won 4066: 4065: 4055: 4054: 3810: 3809: 3799: 3798: 3700:Regions of Korea 3670:Korean Peninsula 3655: 3654: 3642: 3641: 3521:Gaya confederacy 3416: 3415: 3408:History of Korea 3403: 3402: 3372: 3365: 3358: 3349: 3348: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3231:The Korea Herald 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3141: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3108: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3083: 3072: 3066: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2991: 2985: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 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1850: 1837: 1836:February 5, 1969 1831: 1830: 1829: 1816: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1760:/ 6 months 1759: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1703:/ 6 months 1702: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1666: 1665:December 1, 1968 1660: 1659: 1658: 1645: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1609: 1608:October 14, 1970 1603: 1602: 1601: 1588: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1531: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1495: 1494:October 29, 1962 1489: 1488: 1487: 1474: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1417: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1381: 1380:February 6, 1964 1375: 1374: 1373: 1360: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1303: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1246: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1210: 1209:January 27, 1966 1204: 1203: 1202: 1190:/ 9 months 1189: 1188:December 8, 2023 1159: 1124: 1123: 1120:Current justices 1115: 1114: 1088: 1087: 1075: 1074: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1030: 1001: 1000: 950: 949: 918:April Revolution 915: 914: 880: 879: 871:under the first 847: 846: 789: 779: 778: 769: 768: 746: 739: 732: 709: 708: 707: 579: 552: 498: 469: 443: 385: 345: 325: 300: 299: 294: 280: 265: 264: 241: 240: 218: 206: 205: 200: 198: 168: 165: 163: 144: 121: 110:with consent of 84: 82: 77: 59: 47: 30: 29: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5017:Seocho District 4977: 4976: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4938: 4910: 4891:Northern Cyprus 4877: 4870: 4612: 4609: 4579: 4566: 4505: 4455: 4446:Korean painting 4407: 4387: 4350:Cinema of Korea 4334: 4317: 4296:Korean language 4245: 4226: 4181: 4135: 4105: 4060: 4041: 3934: 3804: 3785: 3747: 3714: 3710:Floods in Korea 3649: 3628: 3440: 3410: 3397: 3379: 3376: 3324: 3319: 3318: 3309: 3307: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3263: 3261: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3236: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3170: 3166: 3154: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3136: 3134: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3106: 3104: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3081: 3079: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2979: 2975: 2966: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2924: 2922: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2903: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2882: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2861: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2840: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2798: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2777: 2775: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2735: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2714: 2712: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2693: 2691: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2672: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2631: 2629: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2579: 2577: 2575:The Dong-a Ilbo 2569: 2568: 2564: 2555: 2553: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2503: 2474: 2423:do not undergo 2378: 2365: 2327: 2263: 2240: 2201: 2122: 2093: 2019: 2013: 2006: 1971: 1945: 1943:Research judges 1940: 1931:/ 1 month 1914: 1913: 1903: 1902: 1893:August 14, 1968 1882: 1881: 1874:/ 1 month 1857: 1856: 1846: 1845: 1825: 1824: 1817:/ 1 month 1800: 1799: 1789: 1788: 1779:October 1, 1964 1768: 1767: 1743: 1742: 1732: 1731: 1711: 1710: 1686: 1685: 1675: 1674: 1654: 1653: 1629: 1628: 1618: 1617: 1599:Kwon Young-joon 1597: 1596: 1572: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1540: 1539: 1515: 1514: 1504: 1503: 1483: 1482: 1475:/ 3 years 1458: 1457: 1447: 1446: 1426: 1425: 1401: 1400: 1390: 1389: 1369: 1368: 1361:/ 4 years 1344: 1343: 1333: 1332: 1312: 1311: 1287: 1286: 1276: 1275: 1255: 1254: 1230: 1229: 1219: 1218: 1198: 1197: 1175:subject to the 1136:Recommended by 1122: 1099: 1058: 1052: 1024: 1012:attorney at law 994: 989: 957:Fifth Republics 934:Second Republic 907:judicial murder 836: 796:judicial branch 750: 721: 717:Other countries 705: 703: 698: 697: 693:Sunshine Policy 683: 681:Korean conflict 673: 672: 664: 650: 640: 639: 631: 627:Local elections 612: 602: 601: 590: 573: 562: 546: 536: 535: 522: 509: 492: 479: 463: 453: 452: 437: 395: 379: 369: 368: 355: 339: 316: 266: 242: 221: 196: 194: 160: 152:14 (by statute) 142: 141: 115: 114: 80: 78: 75: 62: 50: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5030: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4926: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4882: 4880: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4538:Cultural icons 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4515: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4417: 4415: 4409: 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1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1929:August 6, 2024 1926: 1921: 1910: 1899: 1890: 1876: 1875: 1872:August 2, 2024 1869: 1864: 1853: 1842: 1833: 1827:Park Young Jae 1819: 1818: 1815:August 2, 2024 1812: 1807: 1796: 1785: 1776: 1762: 1761: 1755: 1750: 1739: 1728: 1719: 1705: 1704: 1698: 1693: 1682: 1671: 1662: 1648: 1647: 1641: 1636: 1631:Kim Myeong-soo 1625: 1614: 1605: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1579: 1574:Kim Myeong-soo 1568: 1557: 1548: 1542:Seo Kyung-hwan 1534: 1533: 1527: 1522: 1517:Kim Myeong-soo 1511: 1500: 1491: 1477: 1476: 1470: 1465: 1460:Kim Myeong-soo 1454: 1443: 1434: 1420: 1419: 1413: 1408: 1403:Kim Myeong-soo 1397: 1386: 1377: 1371:Cheon Dae-yeop 1363: 1362: 1356: 1351: 1346:Kim Myeong-soo 1340: 1329: 1320: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1294: 1289:Kim Myeong-soo 1283: 1272: 1263: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1237: 1232:Kim Myeong-soo 1226: 1215: 1206: 1192: 1191: 1185: 1180: 1169: 1164: 1155: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1121: 1118: 1098: 1095: 1054:Main article: 1051: 1048: 1023: 1020: 993: 990: 988: 985: 970:Sixth Republic 962:Park Chung Hee 942:Third Republic 938:military junta 926:Park Chung Hee 902:Park Chung Hee 900:in 1975 under 840:First Republic 835: 832: 752: 751: 749: 748: 741: 734: 726: 723: 722: 720: 719: 713: 700: 699: 696: 695: 690: 684: 679: 678: 675: 674: 671: 670: 663: 662: 657: 651: 646: 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 630: 629: 624: 619: 613: 608: 607: 604: 603: 600: 599: 589: 588: 572: 571: 561: 560: 547: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 528: 521: 520: 508: 507: 491: 490: 478: 477: 464: 459: 458: 455: 454: 451: 450: 436: 435: 425:Deputy Speaker 422: 412:Deputy Speaker 409: 394: 393: 380: 375: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 361: 354: 353: 340: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 318: 317: 312: 309: 308: 296: 295: 288: 282: 281: 274: 268: 267: 252: 250: 244: 243: 236: 234: 228: 227: 223: 222: 219: 211: 210: 202: 201: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 170: 169: 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 138: 134: 133: 127: 123: 122: 104: 100: 99: 90: 86: 85: 72: 68: 67: 64: 63: 60: 52: 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