491:. Some standards set the bar high for a sector, promoting strong social and environmental practices and working with the top performers to constantly push up sustainability expectations. Other standards are more focused on eliminating the worst practices and operate at more of an entry level to get a large proportion of an industry working incrementally towards better practices. Often there are strategies between standards to move producers along this performance ladder of sustainability. Another important distinction is that some standards can be applied internationally (usually with mechanisms to ensure local relevance and appropriateness), in contrast other standards are developed entirely with a regional or national focus.
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687:(UNFSS) is a joint initiative of FAO, UNEP, ITC, UNCTAD, and UNIDO on Sustainability Standards. UNFSS is a neutral and credible platform to maximize the potential of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) as a means to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through: Facilitating emerging economies' access to lucrative markets, stimulating well-informed dialogue among key stakeholders at the national and international level, and building capacities for producers and SMEs, to enhance opportunities in international trade.
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in an effort to propel green building design in the United States. LEED certification can be attained through "compliance with all environmental laws and regulations, occupancy scenarios, building permanence and pre-rating completion, site boundaries and area-to-site ratios, and obligatory five-year
515:
label was developed in the late 1980s by a Dutch development agency in collaboration with
Mexican farmers. The initiative performs development work and promotes its political vision of an alternative economy, seeing its main objective in empowering small producers and providing these with access to
273:
process for sustainability under
Technical Committee 207, Environmental management and Technical Committee 268, Sustainable cities and communities. These Committees connect with Technical Committee 61, Plastics working on mandates such standards for eliminating plastic pollution. In September 2023,
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was created in the late 1980s from a social movement and is committed to conserving rainforests and their biodiversity. One key element of the standard is the compulsory elaboration and implementation of a detailed plan for the development of a sustainable farm management system to assist wildlife
606:
Basic
Standards. IFOAM stands for International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements and is the leading global umbrella organization for the organic farming movement. The IFOAM Basic Standards provide a framework of minimum requirements, including the omission of agrochemicals such as
113:
This might cover, for instance, responsible fishing practices that do not endanger marine biodiversity or respect for human rights, and the payment of fair wages on a coffee or tea plantation. Normally sustainability standards are accompanied by a verification process – often referred to as
202:, for example, and consumers increasingly recognizing the FSC mark. In recent years, the business-to-business focus of sustainability standards has risen as it has become clear that consumer demand alone cannot drive the transformation of major sectors and industries. In
502:
process and whether it is conducted by a first, second or third party; the traceability system in place and whether it allows for the segregation or mixing of certified and non-certified materials; and the types of sustainability claims that are made on products.
428:(CSR) adopted willingly by firms can be more effective than government-regulated CSR so global standards by private companies show promise for effective social impact. Counter-arguments are discussed which express concerns around private sector, corporation-led,
589:
chains of custody requirements. The UTZ Code of
Conduct emphasizes both environmental practices (e.g. biodiversity conservation, waste handling, and water use) and social benefits (e.g. access to medical care, access to sanitary facilities at work).
523:
feature of the
Fairtrade label is the guarantee of a minimum price and a social premium that goes to the cooperative and not to the producers directly. Recently, Fairtrade also adopted environmental objectives as part of their
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109:
is normally developed by a broad range of stakeholders and experts in a particular sector and includes a set of practices or criteria for how a crop should be sustainably grown or a resource should be ethically harvested.
289:(FAO). The FAO has promulgated several standards for certifying bodies to adhere to. In particular, the FAO has issued guidelines and standards designed to make agriculture, fisheries, and forestry more sustainable.
578:(formerly Utz Kapeh) was co-founded by the Dutch coffee roaster Ahold Coffee Company in 1997. It aims to create an open and transparent marketplace for socially and environmentally responsible agricultural products.
132:
programs also focus on capacity building and working with partners and other organizations to support smallholders or disadvantaged producers to make the social and environmental improvements needed to meet the
81:
guidelines used by producers, manufacturers, traders, retailers, and service providers to demonstrate their commitment to good environmental, social, ethical, and food safety practices. There are over 400 such
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procedures, there are some significant differences in terms of their historical development, target groups of adopters, geographical diffusion, and emphasis on environmental, social, or economic issues.
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418:
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pesticides and chemical-synthetic fertilizers. The use of animal feeds is also strictly regulated. Genetic engineering and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are forbidden.
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was developed based on pilot projects with
Mexican farmers. 4C builds on development projects in Peru, Colombia, and Vietnam, involving GIZ, major coffee roasters, and local producers.
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initiatives are targeting the mainstream adoption of better practices and pre-competitive industry collaboration. Major brands and retailers are also starting to make commitments to
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as a private organization in 2002 was the first collaborative effort amongst a group of sustainability standards organizations to agree to follow common good practices for
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who adopt "weak or narrow standards" that "better serve corporate interests than rights holder interests" for self-regulation in the absence of government regulation.
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is growing the fastest, due in part to major roundtables that have been set up to bring the whole industry together. More recently, standards have started to emerge for
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Weak legislation and strong demand for action: Sustainability standards emerged in areas where weak national and global legislation existed but where the consumer and
360:
171:
supply chain, and wished to demonstrate the environmental or organic merits of their products led to the emergence of hundreds of eco-labels, organic and other
830:
2925:
1839:
Reinecke, J. (2010). "Beyond a subjective theory of value and towards a 'fair price': an organizational perspective on
Fairtrade minimum price setting".
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was a series of local development projects involving NGOs, coffee roasters, and producers in different developing countries. For example, the
Fairtrade
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Gilbert, D.U.; Rasche, A.; Waddock, S. (2011). "Accountability in a Global
Economy: The Emergence of International Accountability Standards".
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https://tessforum.org/latest/standards-and-related-initiatives-in-international-cooperation-to-end-plastic-pollution-mapping-and-state-of-play
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Gulbrandsen, Lars H. (July 2008). "Accountability
Arrangements in Non-State Standards Organizations: Instrumental Design and Imitation".
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Giovannucci, Daniele; Potts, Jason; Killian, B.; Wunderlich, C.; Schuller, S.; Soto, G.; Schroeder, K.; Vagneron, I.; Pinard, F. (2008).
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Not Fit-for-Purpose The Grand Experiment of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives in Corporate Accountability, Human Rights and Global Governance
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globally. In 2022, ISEAL reported 42% of their funding came from government grants. With generous support from organizations such as The
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movements around the globe demanded action. For example, campaigns by Global Exchange and other NGOs against the purchase of goods from "
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are also sectors in which standards have been influential, with certified production pushing past 10% of the global share. Cotton,
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278:(UNDP) signed a Statement of Intent, as a joint commitment to the role of International Standards in addressing sustainability.
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The line between consumer and B2B sustainability standards is becoming blurred, with leading trade buyers increasingly demanding
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The number of Sustainability Standards has continued to grow; currently, there are around 264 active VSS (according to the
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Muradian, Roldan; Pelupessy, Wim (December 2005). "Governing the coffee chain: The role of voluntary regulatory Systems".
43:
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Rasche, A. (2012). "Global Policies and Local Practice: Loose and Tight Couplings in Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives".
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61:
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Birkbeck, Carolyn Deere; Sugathan, Mahesh; Boinnard, Sophie; Grekova, Valeriia; Cleeland, Belinda (September 2023).
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2020:
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Variance in approach to a sustainable coffee industry in Costa Rica perspectives from within: lessons and insights
1179:"Principles of organic agriculture as formulated by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements"
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Standards and Related Initiatives in International Cooperation to End Plastic Pollution: Mapping and State of Play
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421:– including gold, silver, aluminium, and oil and gas – as well as for cattle, electronics, plastics and tourism.
664:(RSPO); standards for climate and development interventions like the Gold Standard, retailer-led sustainability
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Pro-poor certification: Assessing the benefits of sustainability certification for small-scale farmers in Asia
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1870:"The Emergence of a Standards Market: Multiplicity of Sustainability Standards in the Global Coffee Industry"
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1665:"Linking Local Experiments to Global Standards: How Project Networks Promote Global Institution-Building"
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industry has a variety of sustainability standards for different subsectors. This includes standards for
539:, in response to a report from The Institute for Multi-Stakeholder Initiative Integrity (MSI Integrity).
429:
328:
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2151:
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1465:
Gilbert, D.U.; Rasche, A. (2007). "Discourse Ethics and Social Accountability: The Ethics of SA 8000".
623:, sustainable tour operators, sustainable events and conferences, sustainable destinations, and so on.
563:, the standard seeks to improve the economic situation of producers through higher yields and enhanced
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234:
192:
1513:"Seeking Sustainability: COSA preliminary analysis of sustainability initiatives in the coffee sector"
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2015:
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Blackmore, Emma; Keeley, James; Pyburn, Rhiannon; Mangus, Ellen; Chen, Lu; Yuhui, Qiao (March 2012).
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118:" – to evaluate that an enterprise complies with a standard, as well as a traceability process for
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Numerous sustainability standards have been developed to address issues of environmental quality,
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in their whole supply chain or product offering, rather than a single product line or ingredient.
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and exhibiting huge sales growth around the world for ethically sourced produce. An example of a
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1981:
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1064:. San Francisco: Institute for Multi-Stakeholder Initiative Integrity: MSI Integrity. July 2020.
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The traceability system makes certified products traceable from producer to final buyer and has
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1611:"National Contexts Matter: The Co-Evolution of Sustainability Standards in Global Value Chains"
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1382:"The Dynamics of Standardisation: Three Perspectives on Standards in Organization Studies"
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developed to help guide sustainability goals and certification schemes originate from the
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The most widely established and adopted standards are in agriculture, with 40% of global
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898:"The Trade Impact of Voluntary Sustainability Standards: A review of empirical evidence"
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livelihoods. Producer prices may carry a premium. Yet instead of guaranteeing a fixed
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Rasche, A. (2009). "Toward a Model to Compare and Analyze Accountability Standards".
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160:, and other leading brands led to the emergence of social welfare standards like the
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944:. Geneva, Switzerland: Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS). pp.
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Measuring Good Business: Making Sense of Environmental, Social and Governance Data
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in global production and trade practices. Despite similarities in major goals and
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Kolk, Ans (April 2005). "Corporate Social Responsibility in the Coffee Sector".
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2004:
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347:(4C) was initiated by an alliance of large American coffee roasters, including
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Another objective is to improve workers’ welfare by establishing and securing
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966:. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 20 September 2023
696:
665:
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195:’s standard (FSC) for forest products made from sustainably harvested trees.
129:
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in the Netherlands. Standards were initiated by individual companies, using
167:
Environmental Merits - Leading brands who sold to both consumers and to the
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2881:
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2038:
1504:"Sustainable Coffee Survey of the North American Specialty Coffee Industry"
359:, assisted by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (
211:
123:
98:
1009:"Effects of corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility policies"
3129:
3084:
2464:
2459:
2424:
2287:
1741:
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348:
241:(according to Ecolabel Index) in 199 countries, and 25 industry sectors.
203:
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1344:
487:
One of the major differences is based on the level of strictness of the
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2414:
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382:
153:
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The trend started in the late 1980s and 1990s with the introduction of
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Article on the Development of the Common Code for the Coffee Community
119:
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Other types of standards include sector-specific schemes such as the
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313:
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180:
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960:"ISO and UNDP announce partnership to enhance sustainability action"
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of environmental quality, social equity, and economic prosperity. A
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3520:
2685:
1357:
1345:"The Lost Decade: Sustainability Standards Sabotage Sustainability"
706:
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data from the start of occupancy (for new construction) or date of
436:
398:
336:
90:
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certified to one of the main schemes, and approximately 15–20% of
331:, development agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders, such as the
327:
were launched by coalitions of private firms (also referred to as
191:
standard that has grown tremendously in the last few years is the
2658:
1973:
1958:
1510:
616:
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include the UTZ Traceability System and the UTZ Code of Conduct.
452:
406:
1922:
1267:
Implications of sustainability certification schemes for the ACP
873:
443:
implementation and also to work together to drive up the use of
3298:
3169:
2322:
1963:
939:
795:
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987).
414:
356:
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237:
Standards Map) in 194 countries and 15 sectors, and about 457
3446:
1948:
1608:
603:
245:
International and private standards supporting sustainability
1804:
Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management
366:
One important facilitator of the development of most global
312:(Ahold), C.A.F.E. Practices (Starbucks), and Nespresso AAA (
3134:
3026:
1609:
Manning, S.; Boons, F.; Von Hagen, O.; Reinecke, J (2012).
1355:
140:
The basic premise of sustainability standards is two-fold:
3431:
984:
672:; Corporate own-brand sustainability initiatives such as
402:
145:
1867:
409:
and farmed seafood are some of the commodities in which
335:, or MSC standard, developed as a collaboration between
2863:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
985:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
292:
Some of the sustainability standards were initiated by
1953:
249:
Sustainability standards can be categorized as either
1959:
ISEAL Alliance initiative on sustainability standards
1425:
1288:
602:
standard was developed in the 1970s and is based on
535:
issued a position statement, defending their use of
1765:Rasche, A. (2010). "Collaborative Governance 2.0".
1376:
1289:"United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards"
1964:Standards Map from the International Trade Center
1706:
1349:R3.0 (Redesign for Resilience & Regeneration)
101:and other products. Most standards refer to the
3678:
1868:Reinecke, J.; Manning, S.; Von Hagen, O (2012).
1662:
921:. International Organization for Standardization
752:United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards
685:United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards
516:and improving their position on global markets.
287:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
179:A leading example of a consumer standard is the
3546:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
1969:Referenced guide to major coffee certifications
1155:. Fairtrade International. 2020. Archived from
874:"Ecolabel Index | Who's deciding what's green?"
2887:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
1007:Armstrong, J. Scott; Green, Kesten C. (2013).
1006:
259:International Organization for Standardization
126:, often resulting in a consumer-facing label.
3012:
1989:
1464:
633:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
1082:. Transnational Institute. 21 February 2024.
1527:
1501:
466:
75:Sustainability standards and certifications
16:Voluntary guidelines to show good practices
3019:
3005:
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1996:
1982:
1273:(Report). 16 November 2013. Archived from
1183:NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences
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797:"The Brundtland Report: Our Common Future"
2898:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
1921:
1591:
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1194:
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62:Learn how and when to remove this message
2926:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
1838:
3380:Pollutant release and transfer register
1335:
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2496:Corporate environmental responsibility
1949:Fairtrade International's main website
1801:
1764:
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1250:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1076:"Multistakeholderism: a critical look"
610:
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3165:Principles for Responsible Investment
3000:
1977:
3654:
2869:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
1911:
1577:
1342:
1219:
676:; and national programs such as the
345:Common Code for the Coffee Community
276:United Nations Development Programme
18:
1177:Luttikholt, L. W. M. (2007-01-01).
1137:Introduction to different standards
776:State of Sustainability Initiatives
635:standards were developed by the US
13:
3344:Environmental full-cost accounting
2511:Environmental full-cost accounting
2003:
1672:Scandinavian Journal of Management
1663:Manning, S.; von Hagen, O (2010).
662:Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
34:tone or style may not reflect the
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3703:
2445:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
1942:
1557:Hardyment, Richard (April 2024).
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296:in particular countries, such as
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3643:
3633:
3218:
3125:Extended producer responsibility
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2915:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
1380:; Rasche, A.; Seidl, D. (2012).
570:
44:guide to writing better articles
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3334:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
2501:Corporate social responsibility
2430:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2369:Community-supported agriculture
2054:Human impact on the environment
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820:Global Exchange Campaign - Nike
615:With increasing awareness, The
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426:Corporate Social Responsibility
3606:Socially responsible marketing
3601:Socially responsible investing
2741:Socially responsible marketing
1721:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.06.007
1640:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.08.029
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152:" factories by companies like
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2932:Sustainable Development Goals
2736:Socially responsible business
1502:Giovannucci, Daniele (2001).
1196:10.1016/S1573-5214(07)80008-X
1038:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.014
757:
717:List of sustainability topics
674:Starbucks' C.A.F.E. Practices
251:voluntary consensus standards
3541:Environmental pricing reform
3072:environmental responsibility
1684:10.1016/j.scaman.2010.09.003
1016:Journal of Business Research
506:
7:
3571:Market governance mechanism
3427:Global Reporting Initiative
3397:standards and certification
3304:Social return on investment
2761:Sustainability organization
2546:Standards and certification
2137:Social return on investment
1580:European Management Journal
1094:"Who's Tipping the Scales?"
690:
652:(for existing buildings)".
430:multistakeholder governance
389:being compliant with major
329:multistakeholder governance
10:
3708:
3511:Community interest company
3455:Community-based monitoring
3289:Genuine progress indicator
2186:Systemic change resistance
1112:"ISEAL Annual Report 2022"
680:'s 'Origin Green' scheme.
640:sharing of whole building
593:
333:Marine Stewardship Council
261:(ISO) is an example of an
235:International Trade Center
193:Forest Stewardship Council
183:movement, administered by
3629:
3536:Environmental degradation
3488:
3445:
3419:
3385:Sustainability accounting
3317:
3249:Ethical positioning index
3227:
3216:
3041:
2941:
2852:
2789:
2561:
2488:
2397:
2364:Climate-smart agriculture
2349:
2321:
2278:
2232:
2199:
2072:
2029:
2011:
1779:10.1108/14720701011069713
1730:Business Ethics Quarterly
1602:10.1016/j.emj.2005.02.003
1467:Business Ethics Quarterly
1429:Business Ethics Quarterly
712:Harmonization (standards)
702:Circles of Sustainability
300:in the United States and
3566:Health impact assessment
3437:Sustainability reporting
3406:Toxics Release Inventory
3200:Transparency (behavioral
3175:Social impact assessment
3064:Corporate accountability
2506:Environmental accounting
2255:Sustainable architecture
2245:Environmental technology
1889:10.1177/0170840612443629
1853:10.1177/1350508410372622
1542:10.1177/1350508408091007
1403:10.1177/0170840612450120
915:"Developing sustainably"
467:Sustainability standards
3692:Sustainable development
3687:Environmental standards
3621:Supply chain management
3561:Global justice movement
3360:profit-and-loss account
2379:Sustainable agriculture
737:Sustainable development
626:
533:Fairtrade International
424:Evidence suggests that
391:international standards
302:Fairtrade certification
283:international standards
267:international standards
200:Fairtrade certification
3586:SDG Publishers Compact
3348:Environmental conflict
3155:Organizational justice
2922:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
2791:Sustainable management
2776:Urban drainage systems
2516:Environmental planning
2480:Water recycling shower
2470:Tidal stream generator
2265:Sustainable industries
2224:Sustainable population
2209:Demographic transition
2191:Tragedy of the commons
727:Standards organization
722:International Standard
637:Green Building Council
321:standard harmonization
319:With the objective of
263:standards organization
158:Levi Strauss & Co.
3576:Product certification
3375:Life-cycle assessment
3294:Performance indicator
3185:Social responsibility
3150:Organizational ethics
3080:social responsibility
2814:Humanistic capitalism
2629:Environmental finance
2270:Sustainable packaging
878:www.ecolabelindex.com
122:to be sold along the
3581:Public participation
3516:Conflict of interest
3106:inequality in the UK
3098:in the United States
3090:Environmental racism
2781:Urban infrastructure
2475:Water heat recycling
2298:Conservation biology
2142:Steady-state economy
2117:Micro-sustainability
2102:Ecological footprint
2059:Planetary boundaries
1877:Organization Studies
1767:Corporate Governance
1742:10.5840/beq201222444
1619:Ecological Economics
1479:10.5840/beq200717230
1390:Organization Studies
1336:Recommended readings
854:www.standardsmap.org
850:"Sustainability Map"
742:Sustainable sourcing
668:initiatives such as
498:might relate to the
441:harmonized standards
435:The creation of the
419:extraction of metals
3551:Ethical consumerism
3501:Benefit corporation
3393:metrics and indices
3195:Sullivan principles
3110:injustice in Europe
2882:Earth Summit (1992)
2536:Metrics and indices
2389:Sustainable fishery
2308:Holocene extinction
2127:Product stewardship
2097:Earth Overshoot Day
1632:2012EcoEc..83..197M
1442:10.5840/beq20112112
1343:Baue, Bill (2023).
611:Sustainable Tourism
549:Rainforest Alliance
543:Rainforest Alliance
521:most distinguishing
477:economic prosperity
461:Rainforest Alliance
343:. For example, the
341:World Wildlife Fund
298:Rainforest Alliance
271:voluntary consensus
3639:Environment portal
3411:Triple bottom line
3339:Emission inventory
3244:Double bottom line
3190:Stakeholder theory
2341:Sustainable energy
2303:Endangered species
2260:Sustainable design
2174:Consumer behaviour
1916:. Ubiquity Press.
1256:, additional text.
1149:"Fit for purpose?"
836:2010-12-25 at the
747:Technical Standard
621:sustainable hotels
120:certified products
103:triple bottom line
86:across the world.
3674:
3673:
3591:Social enterprise
3496:Bangladesh Accord
3356:management system
3352:impact assessment
3329:Carbon accounting
3259:Impact assessment
3210:UN Global Compact
3102:in Western Europe
3054:Aarhus Convention
2994:
2993:
2920:Earth Summit 2002
2903:Lisbon Principles
2875:Our Common Future
2553:Sustainable yield
2359:Civic agriculture
2112:Green consumption
2049:Global governance
1954:FSC International
1912:Vogt, M. (2019).
1715:(12): 2029–2044.
1709:World Development
1369:978-1-84369-843-2
1116:isealalliance.org
1022:(10): 1922–1927.
772:"Market Coverage"
537:private standards
445:private standards
379:coffee production
306:private standards
255:private standards
185:FLO International
72:
71:
64:
38:used on Knowledge
36:encyclopedic tone
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2893:Agenda 21 (1992)
2864:
2829:Natural resource
2716:Organic movement
2691:Impact investing
2410:Hydroelectricity
2384:Sustainable diet
2336:Renewable energy
2331:Carbon footprint
2313:Invasive species
2250:Natural building
2201:World population
2162:Marketing myopia
2122:Over-consumption
2092:Circular economy
2087:Anti-consumerism
2044:Environmentalism
1998:
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1883:(5/6): 789–812.
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3115:Ethical banking
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1100:. IPES-Food.
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269:following a
265:who develop
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2669:Development
2569:Advertising
2531:Measurement
2465:Tidal power
2460:Small hydro
2425:Micro hydro
2288:Biosecurity
2240:Appropriate
2169:Sustainable
2152:Advertising
2074:Consumption
2064:Development
1923:10.5334/bce
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1626:: 197–209.
925:20 February
580:Instruments
561:floor price
557:sustainable
349:Kraft Foods
204:commodities
164:and others.
3681:Categories
3615:engagement
3470:Fair trade
3321:accounting
3254:Higg Index
3231:accounting
3047:principles
2746:Sanitation
2701:Livelihood
2624:Ecovillage
2609:Eco-cities
2526:Accounting
2435:Pico hydro
2415:Hydropower
2233:Technology
2031:Principles
1324:2021-03-03
1237:2011-12-13
1163:2022-01-17
970:10 October
883:2021-03-03
859:2021-03-03
781:2021-02-10
758:References
308:, such as
154:Nike, Inc.
3556:Euthenics
3521:Disasters
3480:ISO 19011
3420:Reporting
3370:ISO 14031
3365:ISO 14000
3284:ISO 45001
3279:ISO 26000
3160:Pollution
3094:in Russia
3068:behaviour
2839:Recycling
2834:Planetary
2824:Materials
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2594:Community
2541:Reporting
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2293:Biosphere
1861:145741555
1787:154959736
1750:144816840
1692:144234235
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1487:145330990
1299:8 October
1271:Agritrade
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1122:16 August
1046:145059055
1024:CiteSeerX
670:GlobalGAP
646:water use
587:stringent
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513:Fairtrade
507:Fairtrade
496:standards
457:Fairtrade
368:standards
325:standards
314:Nespresso
239:ecolabels
214:, farmed
181:Fairtrade
173:standards
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84:standards
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1246:cite web
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805:July 18,
707:Ecolabel
691:See also
528:system.
489:standard
459:USA and
417:and the
407:biofuels
399:palm oil
353:Sara Lee
339:and the
337:Unilever
208:palm oil
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2016:Outline
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1080:tni.org
964:iso.org
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617:tourism
600:Organic
594:Organic
453:Walmart
323:, some
216:seafood
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3273:social
3229:Social
3170:Racism
3043:Ethics
3028:Social
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