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936:. Between the exposition and the recapitulation, there is no development section – only 2 bars of fragmentary retransition. The opening theme reappears emboldened, and after flourishes of scales traded between the strings and woodwind, the secondary theme returns triumphantly in G major; this is the only appearance of the bass drum and cymbals. The movement ends with a deceptive finale, once again featuring downward scales. It is probably no coincidence that the movement, with its stormy character through restless strings, wind-like whistling woodwinds and thundering brass instruments, is reminiscent of the finale from
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something more nightmarish, which culminates in an explosion of despair and misery in B minor, accompanied by a strong and repetitive four-note figure in the brass, which recalls the motif from the introduction. This explosion concludes in a powerful note in the trombones marked quadruple forte, a rare, extreme dynamic marking. This section ends with diminishing strains on the basses and brass, letting through the pathos and upcoming despair of the symphony. The movement concludes shortly after the recapitulation of the second subject shown above, this time in the tonic major (B major) with a
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1016:; this quietly introduces a funereal chorale in the low brass which rounds off the dominant harmony. The return of the B section, originally a break in the clouds, is richly mournful, coinciding with the final resolution to B minor. The waves of descending muted string motifs carry on down into the lower strings and bassoons, finally dying away in total tragedy.
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returned, I have settled down to write the sketches and the work is going so intesely, so fast, that the first movement was ready in less than four days, and the others have taken shape in my head. Half of the third movement is also done. There will still be much that is new in the form of this work and the finale is not to be a loud
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A suggested program has been what
Taruskin disparagingly termed "symphony as suicide note". This idea began to assert itself as early as the second performance of the symphony in Saint Petersburg, not long after the composer had died. People at that performance "listened hard for portents. As always,
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and completed by August 1893. Tchaikovsky left Klin on 19 October for the first performance in Saint
Petersburg, arriving "in excellent spirits". However, the composer began to feel apprehension over his symphony, when, at rehearsals, the orchestra players did not exhibit any great admiration for the
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in 1888, Tchaikovsky did not start thinking about his next symphony until April 1891, on his way to the United States. The first drafts of a new symphony were started in the spring of 1891. However, some or all of the symphony was not pleasing to
Tchaikovsky, who tore up the manuscript "in one of his
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describes the idea of the Sixth
Symphony as some sort of suicide note as "patent nonsense". Other scholars, including Michael Paul Smith, believe that with or without the supposed 'court of honour' sentence, there is no way that Tchaikovsky could have known the time of his own death while composing
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Now, on my journey, the idea of a new symphony came to me, this time one with a programme, but a programme that will be a riddle to everyone. Let them try and solve it ... The programme of this symphony is completely saturated with myself and quite often during my journey I cried profusely. Having
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at the stormy climax of the first movement, and of course the unconventional Adagio finale with its tense harmonies at the onset and its touching depiction of the dying of the light in conclusion". Countering this is
Tchaikovsky's statement on 26 September/8 October 1893 that he was in no mood to
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A calmer B theme in D major builds up to a full orchestral palette, with driving brass and descending scales pushing to a
Neapolitan C major caesura. The B theme is transformed in a dramatic return to B minor before the A theme returns. Similarly to the first movement, there is a turbulent climax
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is generally used in French, Spanish, English, German and other languages, Many
English-speaking classical musicians had, by the early 20th century, adopted an English spelling and pronunciation for Tchaikovsky's symphony, dubbing it "The Pathetic", as shorthand to differentiate it from a popular
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begins abruptly with an outburst from the full orchestra, with half-diminished harmony that leads uneasily to D minor. It runs seamlessly into the fortissimo recapitulation, a great contrast in atmosphere from its hesitant equivalent at the beginning of the
Allegro. Tchaikovsky soon goes into
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I am now wholly occupied with the new work ... and it is hard for me to tear myself away from it. I believe it comes into being as the best of my works. I must finish it as soon as possible, for I have to wind up a lot of affairs and I must soon go to London. I told you that I had completed a
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It is also unusual for a slow movement to come at the end of a symphony. The despondent effect of the structural upheaval here has been the subject of much critical analysis. Had
Tchaikovsky followed the standard four-movement structure, the movements would have been ordered like this:
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of the
Allegro in B minor, a faster variant of the slow opening melody. This section introduces the motif of the full, octave-long downward scale, which recurs throughout the symphony; it eventually leads to a long medial caesura that gives way to the secondary theme in D major.
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779:, frequently alternates speeds, moods, and keys, with the main key being B minor. The introduction is formed from repeated modules of its initial theme, presented by the bassoon, whose purpose seems to be to open a dominant chord, failing to do so. Violas appear with the first
1252:. That program reads, "The ultimate essence ... of the symphony is Life. First part – all impulse, passion, confidence, thirst for activity. Must be short (the finale death – result of collapse). Second part love: third disappointments; fourth ends dying away (also short)."
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1269:, told to him by Tchaikovsky himself. According to this, what Karlinsky himself calls "poorly remembered hearsay", the secret programme of the symphony is about love between men: the search for it, from the beginning of the first movement; finding it, in the romantic
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claims to have suggested the Патетическая title, which was used in early editions of the symphony; there are conflicting accounts about whether Tchaikovsky liked the title, but in any event his publisher chose to keep it and the title remained. Its French translation
822:, which involves a typical expositional rotation, and a second rotation which includes a developmental section and a tonal closure. In the case of this movement, the essential closure is an imperfect authentic cadence (IAC), making it an example of sonata failure.
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liturgy in the first movement and above all its easily misread subtitle. ... When the symphony was done again a couple of weeks later, in memoriam and with subtitle in place, everyone listened hard for portents, and that is how the symphony became a transparent
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his last masterpiece. There is also evidence that Tchaikovsky was unlikely to have been depressed while composing the symphony, with his brother noting of him after he had sent the manuscript for publishing, "I had not seen him so bright for a long time past."
979:(A-B-A-C-A-B). The opening A theme in the first and second violins appears frequently through the movement, varying in intensity. The theme is a "composite melody": at first, neither the first nor second violins play in full the upper line that is heard.
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The symphony is only a work written by dint of sheer will on the part of the composer; it contains nothing that is interesting or sympathetic. It should be cast aside and forgotten. This determination on my part is admirable and
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1132:, "Since the arrival of the 'court of honour' theory in the West, performances of Tchaikovsky's last symphony are almost invariably accompanied by annotations treating it as a testimony of homosexual martyrdom." Yet critic
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6 November]. It included some minor corrections that Tchaikovsky had made after the premiere, and was thus the first performance of the work in the exact form in which it is known today. The first performance in
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wrote, "There was applause and the composer was recalled, but with more enthusiasm than on previous occasions. There was not the mighty, overpowering impression made by the work when it was conducted by
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Simon Karlinsky, a composer and professor of Slavic languages and literature at UC Berkeley and "an expert on homosexuality in pre-Soviet culture", wrote in the gay literary magazine
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Suicide theories were much stimulated by the Sixth Symphony, which was first performed under the composer's baton only nine days before his demise, with its lugubrious finale (ending
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with prominent trombones in the development section (the C theme). This is followed by the most agitated restatement of the A theme (the start of the recapitulation), on an F
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242:), means "passionate" or "emotional", not "arousing pity," but it is a word reflective of a touch of concurrent suffering. Tchaikovsky considered calling it Программная (
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2084:"University of California Academic Senate: In Memoriam, Simon Karlinsky, Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures, Emeritus, UC Berkeley, 1924–2009"
186:, written between February and the end of August 1893. The composer entitled the work "The Passionate Symphony", employing a Russian word, Патетическая (
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The terms "development" and "recapitulation" are used loosely when describing the form of this movement. The structure of the first movement is a
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has been the subject of a number of theories as to a hidden program. This goes back to the first performance of the work, when fellow composer
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suggests that the symphony deals with the power of Fate in life and death. This program would not only be similar to those suggested for the
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asked Tchaikovsky whether there was a program to the new symphony, and Tchaikovsky asserted that there was, but would not divulge it.
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frequent moods of depression and doubt over his alleged inability to create". In 1892, Tchaikovsky wrote the following to his nephew
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The second theme of the first movement formed the basis of a popular song in the 1940s, "(This is) The Story of a Starry Night" (by
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932:. This leads to the jubilant E major secondary theme in full, first given quietly by unison clarinets with a continued string
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560:. This substitution is because it is nearly impossible in practice for a bassoonist to execute the passage at the indicated
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in 1988 that in 1941 a musician friend of his youth called Alex, who had spent several months associating with the painter
226:. It was the last of Tchaikovsky's compositions premiered in his lifetime; his very last composition, the single-movement
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265:. Tchaikovsky's symphony was first published in piano reduction by Jurgenson of Moscow in 1893, and by Robert Forberg of
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or "Program Symphony") but realized that would encourage curiosity about the program, which he did not want to reveal.
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Back in B minor, although opened with striking half-diminished harmony, the fourth movement takes a slow six-part
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944:: the symphony was one of the most played of its time, and Tchaikovsky had already been inspired by Raff in his
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1200:. Tchaikovsky identified with and associated the cross-motif with "star-cross'd lovers" in general, such as in
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In February 1893, Tchaikovsky mentions an entirely new symphonic work in a letter to his nephew "Bob" Davydov:
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Keeling, Bret L. (March 2003). " 'No Trace of Presence': Tchaikovsky and the Sixth in Forster's
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1428:(written in 1913 and later, but unpublished until 1971), where it serves as a veiled reference to
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16 October] of that year, nine days before his death. The second performance, conducted by
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is commonly employed to replace the solo bassoon for the four notes immediately preceding the
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new work. Nevertheless, the premiere was met with great appreciation. Tchaikovsky's brother
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Symphony which suddenly displeased me, and I tore it up. Now I have composed a new symphony
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passage that follows (measure 161); and escape from that, in the return to the love them (
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Popular but Disparaged: Sonata Structures in Tchaikovsky's Symphonies Four, Five, and Six
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1281:, measure 305). The last movement, Karlinsky was told, is an elegy for a dead lover.
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write any sort of requiem. This was in reply to a suggestion from his close friend
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they found what they were looking for: a brief but conspicuous quotation from the
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190:), meaning "passionate" or "emotional", which was then translated into French as
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section of the first movement, which originates from Austro-Hungarian conductor
304:, the first movement of which Tchaikovsky later converted into the one-movement
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1936:(November 1997). "How Did Tchaikovsky Come to Die: And Does It Really Matter".
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theme (measure 89); and the attacks of a hostile world on it, in the agitated
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is D major (even though it begins in D minor) and that of his unfinished
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1799:'s final (start from minute 11:00) with the last third of this movement.
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Excerpts from the symphony can be heard in a number of films, including
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The symphony is scored for an orchestra with the following instruments:
2106:"Simon Karlinsky dies at 84; expert on Slavic languages and literature"
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1224:, who had died in late August, just as Tchaikovsky was completing the
209:, took place 21 days later, at a memorial concert on 18 November [
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1741:, Kathrine G. McGovern College of the Arts, University of Houston.
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In the bar 160 above, the last four notes of the bassoon (shown in
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Among Tchaikovsky's symphonies, this is the only one to end in a
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1404:" in a scene where the eponymous cat walks out into a blizzard.
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Compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky published posthumously
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The Concert Companion: A Comprehensive Guide to Symphonic Music
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308:(his final composition), and the latter two movements of which
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1737:(doctor of musical arts in bassoon performance dissertation).
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Milton Cross' Encyclopedia of Great Composers and Their Music
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coproduction with Jurgenson of Moscow most likely; also, see
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2365:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
364:, on November 18, 1893, and later, wherever it was played."
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and Ewen, David, "Peter Ilitch Tchaikovsky", in vol. II of
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that he write a requiem for their mutual friend the writer
1111:, 'dying away'), its brief but conspicuous allusion to the
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which later lies underneath more brusque wind fanfares in
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International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians
2270:. Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cambridge University Press.
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Karlinsky, Simon (1988). "Should We Retire Tchaikovsky".
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was the first diagnosis. 'Homosexual tragedy' came later.
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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Hughes, Robert P.; McLean, Robert; Putney, Christopher;
2020:
1966:
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in a sonatina form. The strings establish a fast, light
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1325:(1976); however, all four songs have different lyrics.
1196:, a variation of which first appears in mm. 1–2 of his
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which is also in B major, finally ending very quietly.
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2138:. Vol. 11, no. 3. New York. pp. 16–21.
1305:. That theme also served as the melody of "Where" by
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1837:"Symphony Guide: Tchaikovsky's Sixth ('Pathetique')"
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1012:. The music fades into a single, unique strike of a
2178:Bagar, Robert (1947). "Peter Ilyitch Tchaikowsky".
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My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries
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238:The Russian title of the symphony, Патетическая (
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2342:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1486:"Discovering Music – Tchaikovsky's 6th Symphony"
728:Allegro con grazia (D major – B minor – D major)
2915:Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem
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1984:
1896:(August 1998). "'Tchaikovsky's Last Days': I".
2010:
2008:
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379:Replacement of a bassoon with a bass clarinet
350:The symphony was written in a small house in
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2430:Tchaikovsky's Pathétique and Russian Culture
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2417:, "Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky", in vol. I of
2005:
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1407:The third movement was featured during the
1081:Finale: Allegro molto vivace (actually III)
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2156:. 36 (1). University of Manitoba: 85–101.
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1995:
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1791:Look at the scores or compare for example
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312:reworked after Tchaikovsky's death as the
259:1798 Beethoven piano sonata also known as
197:The composer led the first performance in
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2456:International Music Score Library Project
2393:(Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1962).
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1095:Tchaikovsky's draft of the Sixth Symphony
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2290:Tchaikovsky: The Quest for the Inner Man
2268:Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 (Pathétique)
2014:
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830:The second movement, a D major dance in
548:Although not called for in the score, a
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1999:
1990:
1946:(4). Oxford University Press: 581–588.
1906:(3). Oxford University Press: 463–467.
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416:) are often played by a bass clarinet.
3291:Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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2039:Tchaikovsky Research: Aleksey Apukhtin
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742:Adagio lamentoso (B minor – D major –
16:Tchaikovsky's final completed symphony
3213:International Tchaikovsky Competition
3198:Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory
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1772:), Classical Classics, Peter Gutmann"
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1409:2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony
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3296:Music dedicated to family or friends
1608:. San Francisco: Leyland. p. .
1313:(a 1959 hit for them), "In Time" by
345:which I certainly shall not tear up.
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1418:The symphony plays a major role in
883:, a playful, march-like weaving of
13:
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1582:. Translated by von Meck, Galina.
1578:Tchaikovsky, Piotr Ilyich (1981).
680:Problems playing these files? See
580:
388:to bar 160 of the first movement)
367:
14:
3322:
2943:Orchestral Suite No. 4 in G major
2938:Orchestral Suite No. 3 in G major
2933:Orchestral Suite No. 2 in C major
2928:Orchestral Suite No. 1 in D minor
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1731:Wolfe, Daniel Robert (May 2020).
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1141:Dedication and suggested programs
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879:The third movement starts with a
194:, meaning "solemn" or "emotive".
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2403:(New York: Random House, 1995).
2326:(3rd ed.). New York: Knopf.
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1078:Allegro con grazia (actually II)
653:
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615:
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3025:String Quartet No. 2 in F major
3020:String Quartet No. 1 in D major
2763:Piano Concerto No. 2 in G major
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1394:. It has also been featured in
3203:Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra
3188:Tchaikovsky State House-Museum
2220:University of California Press
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1505:
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1075:Adagio lamentoso (actually IV)
942:Symphony No. 3 "In the forest"
752:I. Adagio – Allegro non troppo
739:– G major – D major – G major)
592:I. Adagio – Allegro non troppo
222:4 December], conducted by
1:
3193:Tchaikovsky Museum (Votkinsk)
3094:Grand Piano Sonata in G major
2970:Liturgy of St John Chrysostom
2104:Woo, Elaine (July 28, 2009).
1768:"Tchaikovsky's Symphony # 6 (
272:
41:Portrait of Tchaikovsky, 1893
2813:Variations on a Rococo Theme
2452:Symphony No. 6 (Tchaikovsky)
2192:Tchaikovsky: The Final Years
1810:"Tchaikovsky's view of Raff"
1600:Norton, Rictor, ed. (1998).
1526:"Hofmeisters Monatsberichte"
1301:), which was popularized by
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1867:"The Essential Tchaikovsky"
1153:, whom he greatly admired.
1128:In the words of the critic
1072:Adagio – Allegro non troppo
948:with his famous horn solo.
10:
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3053:String Sextet in D minor (
2807:Violin Concerto in D major
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2194:. New York: W. W. Norton.
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1145:Tchaikovsky dedicated the
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3148:Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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3030:String Quartet No. 3 in E
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2922:Festival Coronation March
2834:
2768:Piano Concerto No. 3 in E
2752:Piano Concerto No. 1 in B
2744:
2659:
2627:
2539:
2499:
1397:The Ren & Stimpy Show
875:III. Allegro molto vivace
666:Boston Symphony Orchestra
630:III. Allegro molto vivace
166:Symphony No. 6 in B minor
154:
144:
140:16 October] 1893
132:
127:
119:
111:
103:
92:
84:
74:
64:
54:
46:
34:
26:
21:
2493:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
2401:Tchaikovsky: A Biography
2320:Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai
2215:Anatomy of the Orchestra
2182:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
2041:. Retrieved 21 June 2015
1473:Tchaikovsky Research.net
1435:
1336:' 1943 American western
1213:Russian Orthodox requiem
689:The symphony is in four
573:
233:
218:was on 16 December [
180:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
158:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
29:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
3306:Compositions in B minor
3099:Piano Sonata No. 2 in C
3042:Souvenir d'un lieu cher
1528:(in German). March 1894
1231:Tchaikovsky specialist
1162:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
991:download the audio file
960:download the audio file
864:download the audio file
796:download the audio file
775:The first movement, in
765:download the audio file
401:download the audio file
2425:(Harmondsworth, 1966).
1739:Moores School of Music
1659:, score #504312, p. 19
1348:, the 1997 version of
1207:
1188:, associated with the
1151:Vladimir "Bob" Davydov
1126:
1096:
1055:(unofficially "No. 7")
826:II. Allegro con grazia
731:Allegro molto vivace (
701:– Allegro non troppo (
611:II. Allegro con grazia
585:
348:
336:
293:
284:Vladimir "Bob" Davydov
172:74, also known as the
96:Tchaikovsky's nephew,
3048:Piano Trio in A minor
3009:Quartet Movement in B
2794:Sérénade mélancolique
1912:10.1093/ml/79.3.463-c
1580:Letters to his Family
1218:Grand Duke Konstantin
1170:
1105:
1094:
1039:symphonies, plus the
584:
340:
323:
288:
277:After completing his
136:28 October [
3208:Chaikovskij (crater)
3055:Souvenir de Florence
2953:Serenade for Strings
2504:List of compositions
2305:1993 British edition
2286:Poznansky, Alexander
2246:Boydell & Brewer
2238:Fifield, Christopher
1985:Rimsky-Korsakov 1942
1894:Poznansky, Alexander
971:IV. Adagio lamentoso
649:IV. Adagio lamentoso
338:And to his brother:
2871:Francesca da Rimini
2702:Symphony in B minor
2643:The Sleeping Beauty
2611:The Queen of Spades
2590:Mazepa (or Mazeppa)
2583:The Maid of Orleans
2264:Jackson, Timothy L.
1987:, pp. 339–340.
1952:10.1093/ml/78.4.581
1939:Music & Letters
1899:Music & Letters
1391:The Death of Stalin
1367:Sweet Bird of Youth
1198:Pathétique Symphony
1130:Alexander Poznansky
1099:Tchaikovsky critic
808:development section
201:on 28 October [
182:'s final completed
175:Pathétique Symphony
50:Pathétique Symphony
3160:Antonina Miliukova
3081:Souvenir de Hapsal
3074:Scherzo à la russe
2787:Andante and Finale
2428:Ritzarev, Marina,
2332:Steinberg, Michael
2292:. Schirmer Books.
2135:Christopher Street
1415:handover segment.
1285:In popular culture
1279:andante come prima
1258:Christopher Street
1208:
1097:
586:
315:Andante and Finale
306:3rd Piano Concerto
295:This work was the
228:3rd Piano Concerto
3301:1893 compositions
3256:
3255:
3166:Nadezhda von Meck
2864:Capriccio Italien
2820:Pezzo capriccioso
2737:
2432:(Ashgate, 2014).
2359:Taruskin, Richard
2111:Los Angeles Times
2080:Taruskin, Richard
1863:Taruskin, Richard
1774:. Classical Notes
1263:Pavel Tchelitchew
1177:
995:
977:sonata rondo form
964:
868:
800:
769:
664:Performed by the
659:
640:
621:
602:
420:
419:
405:
162:
161:
3318:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3183:In popular media
3154:Vladimir Davydov
3130:The Music Lovers
3104:
3103:
3035:
3034:
3014:
3013:
2843:Romeo and Juliet
2835:Orchestral works
2780:Concert Fantasia
2773:
2772:
2757:
2756:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2717:No. 6 in B minor
2712:No. 5 in E minor
2697:No. 4 in F minor
2687:No. 3 in D major
2677:No. 2 in C minor
2671:Winter Daydreams
2667:No. 1 in G minor
2569:Vakula the Smith
2486:
2479:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2454:: Scores at the
2376:
2363:On Russian Music
2353:
2341:
2327:
2314:Internet Archive
2311:
2310:
2303:
2281:
2259:
2233:
2205:
2183:
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2140:
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2090:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1859:
1853:
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1850:
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1795:'s recording of
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1475:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1357:The Ruling Class
1299:Jerry Livingston
1250:
1249:
1241:Fifth Symphonies
1222:Aleksey Apukhtin
1203:Romeo and Juliet
1179:
1178:
1113:Orthodox requiem
1101:Richard Taruskin
1062:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1041:Manfred Symphony
1007:
1006:
931:
930:
929:
928:
912:
911:
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909:
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895:
894:
849:
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661:
660:
642:
641:
623:
622:
604:
603:
583:
569:
415:
375:
374:
362:Eduard Nápravník
330:but the slowest
302:
301:
207:Eduard Nápravník
199:Saint Petersburg
149:Saint Petersburg
107:about 45 minutes
98:Vladimir Davydov
39:
19:
18:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3275:Classical music
3269:
3267:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3224:
3171:
3136:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3061:
3032:
3031:
3011:
3010:
2997:
2977:All-Night Vigil
2957:
2830:
2770:
2769:
2754:
2753:
2740:
2729:
2728:
2655:
2623:
2604:The Enchantress
2535:
2526:Belyayev circle
2495:
2490:
2447:
2397:Holden, Anthony
2383:
2381:Further reading
2373:
2350:
2324:My Musical Life
2300:
2278:
2256:
2230:
2222:. p. 180.
2210:Del Mar, Norman
2202:
2174:
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2013:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1931:
1927:
1891:
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1865:(1 July 2000).
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1438:
1362:Minority Report
1287:
1247:
1246:
1192:, himself, and
1180:Tchaikovsky's "
1172:
1149:to his nephew,
1143:
1089:
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368:Instrumentation
299:
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275:
236:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3324:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
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3278:
3277:
3254:
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3229:
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3225:
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3205:
3200:
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3038:
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2874:
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2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2826:Cello Concerto
2823:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2765:
2760:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2724:
2714:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2684:
2681:Little Russian
2674:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2650:The Nutcracker
2646:
2639:
2631:
2629:
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2614:
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2600:
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2506:
2500:
2497:
2496:
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2481:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2446:
2445:External links
2443:
2442:
2441:
2426:
2423:Robert Simpson
2412:
2394:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2355:
2348:
2328:
2316:
2299:978-0028718866
2298:
2282:
2276:
2260:
2255:978-1783270217
2254:
2234:
2229:978-0520050624
2228:
2206:
2200:
2184:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2141:
2124:
2096:
2070:
2068:, p. 388.
2058:
2043:
2031:
2029:, p. 569.
2027:Poznansky 1991
2019:
2004:
1989:
1977:
1975:, p. 558.
1973:Poznansky 1991
1965:
1925:
1885:
1854:
1835:(2014-08-26).
1821:
1801:
1784:
1759:
1723:
1703:
1696:Steinberg 1995
1681:
1661:
1649:
1636:
1621:
1614:
1593:978-0812828023
1592:
1570:
1554:
1539:
1516:
1504:
1502:, p. 638.
1500:Steinberg 1995
1492:
1476:
1465:
1463:, p. 603.
1461:Poznansky 1991
1453:
1451:, p. 635.
1449:Steinberg 1995
1440:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1315:Steve Lawrence
1286:
1283:
1142:
1139:
1088:
1087:Interpretation
1085:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1045:third symphony
999:
998:
988:
985:
972:
969:
968:
967:
957:
954:
923:
915:compound meter
904:
889:
876:
873:
872:
871:
861:
858:
841:
827:
824:
806:The energetic
804:
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790:
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750:
748:
747:
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726:
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670:Pierre Monteux
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433:(3rd doubling
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369:
366:
310:Sergei Taneyev
274:
271:
262:The Pathétique
240:Pateticheskaya
235:
232:
224:Vasily Safonov
188:Pateticheskaya
160:
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32:
31:
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22:Symphony No. 6
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3018:
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3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:Chamber music
3000:
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2902:
2901:1812 Overture
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2814:
2810:
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2801:Valse-Scherzo
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2781:
2777:
2775:
2766:
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2761:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2734:
2727:Symphony in E
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
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2576:Eugene Onegin
2573:
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2566:
2564:
2563:
2562:The Oprichnik
2559:
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2509:Musical style
2507:
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2438:9781472424112
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2410:
2409:0-679-42006-1
2406:
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2387:Cross, Milton
2385:
2384:
2374:
2372:9780520268067
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2349:0-19-512665-3
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2321:
2317:
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2312: at the
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2277:0-521-64676-6
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2203:
2201:0-393-03099-7
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2185:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2117:September 25,
2113:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2056:, p. 445
2055:
2050:
2048:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2017:, p. 133
2016:
2015:Taruskin 2009
2011:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1647:, p. 755
1646:
1640:
1634:, p. 755
1633:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1615:9780943595719
1611:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1584:Stein and Day
1581:
1574:
1568:, p. 754
1567:
1561:
1559:
1552:, p. 754
1551:
1546:
1544:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1431:
1430:homosexuality
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:E. M. Forster
1416:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1402:Son of Stimpy
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:Soylent Green
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:, as well as
1353:
1352:
1351:Anna Karenina
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:Howard Hughes
1332:'s theme for
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:John O'Dreams
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:Tony Williams
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1245:Symphony in E
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1049:Symphony in E
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
992:
982:
981:
980:
978:
961:
951:
950:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:accompaniment
926:
916:
907:
892:
882:
865:
855:
854:
853:
851:
844:
833:
823:
821:
820:Type 2 sonata
816:
814:
809:
797:
787:
786:
785:
782:
778:
766:
756:
755:
745:
741:
738:
734:
730:
727:
724:
720:
719:C-sharp major
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:
696:
694:
692:
685:
683:
671:
667:
650:
631:
612:
593:
571:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:bass clarinet
543:
542:double basses
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
516:
515:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
481:
479:
475:
473:
469:
467:
463:
461:
458:
456:
452:
449:
445:
443:
439:
436:
432:
428:
426:
423:
422:
411:
410:
402:
392:
391:
385:
380:
377:
376:
373:
365:
363:
358:
353:
347:
346:
339:
335:
333:
329:
322:
319:
317:
316:
311:
307:
303:
297:Symphony in E
292:
287:
285:
280:
270:
268:
264:
263:
257:
252:
247:
245:
241:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
3128:
3120:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3054:
3040:
2991:Six Romances
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2946:
2920:
2913:
2908:Marche slave
2906:
2899:
2894:The Voyevoda
2892:
2885:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2818:
2811:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2779:
2736:(unfinished)
2720:
2716:
2705:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2548:The Voyevoda
2546:
2429:
2419:The Symphony
2418:
2415:Keller, Hans
2400:
2390:
2362:
2338:The Symphony
2337:
2323:
2289:
2267:
2242:Hans Richter
2241:
2214:
2191:
2188:Brown, David
2179:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2133:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2109:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2073:
2061:
2034:
2022:
2002:, p. 51
2000:Jackson 1999
1980:
1968:
1943:
1937:
1934:Brown, David
1928:
1903:
1897:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:Russian Life
1870:
1857:
1846:. Retrieved
1842:The Guardian
1840:
1833:Service, Tom
1813:. Retrieved
1804:
1787:
1776:. Retrieved
1769:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1733:
1726:
1716:Fifield 2016
1674:Del Mar 1983
1652:
1639:
1603:
1579:
1573:
1532:November 22,
1530:. Retrieved
1519:
1507:
1495:
1479:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1423:
1417:
1406:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1355:
1349:
1345:Now, Voyager
1343:
1337:
1330:Victor Young
1327:
1323:Bill Caddick
1317:(1961) and "
1311:The Platters
1303:Glenn Miller
1288:
1278:
1275:allegro vivo
1274:
1270:
1257:
1254:
1230:
1225:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1144:
1127:
1118:suicide note
1106:
1098:
1065:
1018:
1000:
974:
946:5th Symphony
938:Joachim Raff
924:
905:
890:
878:
842:
832:ternary form
829:
817:
805:
774:
721:– B minor –
688:
679:
566:
558:Hans Richter
554:Allegro vivo
553:
547:
512:
378:
371:
349:
344:
341:
337:
331:
327:
324:
320:
313:
294:
291:irrevocable.
289:
279:5th Symphony
276:
260:
255:
249:His brother
248:
244:Programmnaya
243:
239:
237:
196:
191:
187:
174:
173:
165:
163:
3133:(1971 film)
3125:(1970 film)
3122:Tchaikovsky
3088:The Seasons
3066:Piano music
2962:Vocal music
2850:The Tempest
2745:Concertante
2597:Cherevichki
1698:, n. 19 on
1411:during the
1385:The Aviator
1291:Mann Curtis
1233:David Brown
1190:crucifixion
1134:David Brown
777:sonata form
88:August 1893
3285:Categories
3114:Portrayals
2947:Mozartiana
2721:Pathétique
2660:Symphonies
2514:Symphonies
2066:Brown 1992
2054:Brown 1992
1848:2018-04-29
1815:2020-04-24
1778:2012-04-20
1770:Pathetique
1752:22 October
1747:10657/6305
1718:, p.
1676:, p.
1645:Bagar 1947
1643:quoted in
1632:Bagar 1947
1598:quoted in
1566:Bagar 1947
1564:quoted in
1550:Bagar 1947
1483:Listen to
1413:Sochi 2014
1339:The Outlaw
1295:Al Hoffman
1226:Pathétique
1158:Pathétique
1147:Pathétique
1122:Depression
746:– B minor)
682:media help
514:ad libitum
489:Percussion
386:of bar 154
273:Background
256:Pathétique
192:pathétique
93:Dedication
47:Other name
3150:(brother)
2878:The Storm
2636:Swan Lake
1878:8 January
1793:Stadlmair
1490:from 2:30
1422:'s novel
1400:episode "
1342:, 1942's
1021:minor key
691:movements
499:bass drum
478:trombones
448:clarinets
425:Woodwinds
384:anacrusis
382:From the
269:in 1894.
155:Conductor
123:Orchestra
112:Movements
3238:Category
3168:(patron)
3156:(nephew)
3102:♯
3033:♭
3012:♭
2994:(Op. 38)
2771:♭
2755:♭
2730:♭
2521:The Five
2361:(2009).
2334:(1995).
2322:(1942).
2288:(1991).
2266:(1999).
2240:(2016).
2212:(1983).
2190:(1992).
2162:44030280
2089:June 14,
2082:(2010).
1248:♭
1103:writes:
1060:♭
1052:♭
1005:♯
834:, is in
472:trumpets
455:bassoons
300:♭
184:symphony
145:Location
128:Premiere
104:Duration
85:Composed
3176:Related
2706:Manfred
2628:Ballets
2618:Iolanta
2172:Sources
2150:Maurice
1425:Maurice
1379:Maurice
1271:andante
1194:Tristan
1109:morendo
1063:major.
1014:tam-tam
881:scherzo
744:C major
737:E major
733:G major
723:B major
715:D minor
711:D major
707:B minor
703:E minor
672:, 1955.
562:dynamic
526:violins
521:Strings
509:tam-tam
504:cymbals
494:timpani
435:piccolo
328:allegro
267:Leipzig
120:Scoring
59:B minor
3261:Portal
3162:(wife)
3141:People
2984:Moscow
2857:Hamlet
2691:Polish
2555:Undina
2540:Operas
2436:
2421:, ed.
2407:
2369:
2346:
2296:
2274:
2252:
2226:
2198:
2160:
2154:Mosaic
1960:737640
1958:
1920:855392
1918:
1700:p. 640
1612:
1590:
1388:, and
1267:Modest
1237:Fourth
1033:fourth
1029:second
1023:. His
699:Adagio
668:under
567:pppppp
537:cellos
532:violas
450:(in A)
431:flutes
357:Modest
332:adagio
251:Modest
216:Moscow
75:Period
3248:Audio
3105:minor
3036:minor
3015:major
2886:Fatum
2774:major
2758:minor
2733:major
2531:Death
2158:JSTOR
1956:JSTOR
1916:JSTOR
1657:IMSLP
1513:IMSLP
1436:Notes
1321:" by
1186:motif
1182:Cross
1037:fifth
1025:first
1010:pedal
1008:bass
781:theme
574:Music
528:I, II
466:horns
460:Brass
442:oboes
234:Title
178:, is
2434:ISBN
2405:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2344:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2272:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2224:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2119:2023
2091:2024
1880:2022
1797:Raff
1754:2023
1610:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1534:2012
1511:see
1309:and
1297:and
1239:and
1156:The
1057:is E
1035:and
898:and
850:time
813:coda
484:tuba
414:blue
352:Klin
220:O.S.
211:O.S.
203:O.S.
164:The
138:O.S.
133:Date
115:Four
66:Opus
2152:".
1948:doi
1908:doi
1743:hdl
1720:300
1678:180
940:'s
564:of
170:Op.
55:Key
27:by
3287::
2399:,
2248:.
2244:.
2218:.
2108:.
2046:^
2007:^
1992:^
1954:.
1944:78
1942:.
1914:.
1904:79
1902:.
1869:.
1839:.
1824:^
1706:^
1684:^
1664:^
1624:^
1586:.
1557:^
1542:^
1432:.
1382:,
1376:,
1370:,
1364:,
1360:,
1293:,
1228:.
1184:"-
1120:.
1031:,
1027:,
735:–
717:–
713:–
709:–
705:–
693::
570:.
482:1
476:3
470:2
464:4
453:2
446:2
440:2
429:3
318:.
286::
168:,
70:74
3263::
3057:)
2949:)
2945:(
2723:)
2719:(
2708:)
2704:(
2693:)
2689:(
2683:)
2679:(
2673:)
2669:(
2485:e
2478:t
2471:v
2440:.
2411:.
2375:.
2354:|
2352:.
2302:.
2280:.
2258:.
2232:.
2204:.
2164:.
2121:.
2093:.
1962:.
1950::
1922:.
1910::
1882:.
1851:.
1818:.
1781:.
1756:.
1745::
1618:.
1596:.
1536:.
1488:.
1206:.
993:.
962:.
925:4
906:4
891:8
866:.
843:4
798:.
767:.
725:)
684:.
517:)
511:(
437:)
403:.
334:.
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