Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)

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There are a number of anecdotes concerning the premiere of the Ninth. Based on the testimony of some of the participants, there are suggestions that the symphony was under-rehearsed (there were only two complete rehearsals) and somewhat uneven in execution. On the other hand, the premiere was a great

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Towards the end of the movement, the choir sings the last four lines of the main theme, concluding with "Alle Menschen" before the soloists sing for one last time the song of joy at a slower tempo. The chorus repeats parts of "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!", then quietly sings, "Tochter aus Elysium",

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constructed round a series of variations on the "Joy" theme. But this is rather a loose formulation, at least by comparison with the way in which many twentieth-century critics have tried to codify the movement's form. Thus there have been interminable arguments as to whether it should be seen as a

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was completely interrupted at one point by applause. Either at the end of the scherzo or the end of the symphony (testimonies differ), Beethoven was several bars off and still conducting; the contralto Caroline Unger walked over and gently turned Beethoven around to accept the audience's cheers and

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wrote: "When a composer has written eight symphonies he may find that the horizon has been blacked out by the overwhelming image of Beethoven and his one and only Ninth. There are other very good No. 5s and No. 3s, for instance, but how can one possibly have the temerity of trying to write another

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promoted performances of the symphony, including on New Year's Eve. In an effort to capitalize on its popularity, orchestras and choruses undergoing economic hard times during Japan's reconstruction performed the piece at year's end. In the 1960s, these year-end performances of the symphony became

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The alpha and omega is Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, marvellous in the first three movements, very badly set in the last. No one will ever approach the sublimity of the first movement, but it will be an easy task to write as badly for voices as in the last movement. And supported by the authority of

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originally commissioned the symphony in 1817. Preliminary sketches (rough outlines) for the work were also made that year, with the key set as D minor and vocal participation also forecast. The main composition work was done between autumn 1822 and the completion of the autograph in February 1824.

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played by the low strings. Following this, the "Ode to Joy" theme is finally introduced by the cellos and double basses. After three instrumental variations on this theme, the human voice is presented for the first time in the symphony by the baritone soloist, who sings words written by Beethoven

1866:(three-part structure) of a dance movement (scherzo-trio-scherzo or minuet-trio-minuet), the scherzo section has an elaborate internal structure; it is a complete sonata form. Within this sonata form, the first group of the exposition (the statement of the main melodic themes) starts out with a 3640: 3629: 565:

Beethoven himself conducted, that is, he stood in front of a conductor's stand and threw himself back and forth like a madman. At one moment he stretched to his full height, at the next he crouched down to the floor, he flailed about with his hands and feet as though he wanted to play all the

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ended in disaster. So this time, he instructed the singers and musicians to ignore the almost completely deaf Beethoven. At the beginning of every part, Beethoven, who sat by the stage, gave the tempos. He was turning the pages of his score and beating time for an orchestra he could not hear.

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Music critics almost universally consider the Ninth Symphony one of Beethoven's greatest works, and among the greatest musical works ever written. The finale, however, has had its detractors: "Early critics rejected as cryptic and eccentric, the product of a deaf and ageing composer."

579:, "the public received the musical hero with the utmost respect and sympathy, listened to his wonderful, gigantic creations with the most absorbed attention and broke out in jubilant applause, often during sections, and repeatedly at the end of them." The audience acclaimed him through 3628: 970: 951: 932: 913: 391:

Although most of Beethoven's major works had been premiered in Vienna, the composer planned to have his latest compositions performed in Berlin as soon as possible, as he believed he had fallen out of favor with the Viennese and the current musical taste was now dominated by

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and in duple time. The trio is the first time the trombones play. Following the trio, the second occurrence of the scherzo, unlike the first, plays through without any repetition, after which there is a brief reprise of the trio, and the movement ends with an abrupt coda.

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is related to the "Ode to Joy" theme from the last movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. When this was pointed out to Brahms, he is reputed to have retorted "Any fool can see that!" Brahms's first symphony was, at times, both praised and derided as "Beethoven's Tenth".

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and Philharmonia Orchestra of London. Beethoven's metronome still exists and was tested and found accurate, but the original heavy weight (whose position is vital to its accuracy) is missing and many musicians have considered his metronome marks to be unacceptably high.

6406:, Benjamin Zander advocating a stricter adherence to Beethoven's metronome indications, with reference to Jonathan del Mar's research (before the Bärenreiter edition was published) and to Stravinsky's intuition about the correct tempo for the Scherzo Trio 3796:

of the pieces of classical music most requested in a survey held every December; though any piece could win the place of honor and thus welcome the New Year, i.e. play through midnight on January 1, Beethoven's Choral has won in every year on record.

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composed only eight symphonies, despite living for another twenty years after completing the eighth. He is believed to have replied, when asked why he did not compose another symphony, "There is only one ninth", in reference to Beethoven.

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Rosen notes that the movement can also be analysed as a set of variations and simultaneously as a concerto sonata form with double exposition (with the fugato acting both as a development section and the second tutti of the concerto).

4103: 3973:, Product description (blurb). "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is acknowledged as one of the supreme masterpieces of the Western tradition. More than any other musical work it has become an international symbol of unity and affirmation." 3745:

began the tradition of performing the Ninth Symphony on New Year's Eve in 1918. Performances started at 11 p.m. so that the symphony's finale would be played at the beginning of the new year. This tradition continued during the

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The symphony is scored for the following orchestra. These are by far the largest forces needed for any Beethoven symphony; at the premiere, Beethoven augmented them further by assigning two players to each wind part.

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Plaque at building Ungargasse No. 5, Vienna. "Ludwig van Beethoven completed in this house during the winter of 1823/24 his Ninth Symphony. In memory of the centenary of its first performance on 7 May 1824 the

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movement before the slow movement (in symphonies, slow movements are usually placed before scherzi). This was the first time he did this in a symphony, although he had done so in some previous works, including the

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The movement starts with an introduction in which musical material from each of the preceding three movements—though none are literal quotations of previous music—are successively presented and then dismissed by

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more widespread, and included the participation of local choirs and orchestras, firmly establishing a tradition that continues today. Some of these performances feature massed choirs of up to 10,000 singers.

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characterizes the final movement as a symphony within a symphony, played without interruption. This "inner symphony" follows the same overall pattern as the Ninth Symphony as a whole, with four "movements":

436:(the Kyrie, Credo, and Agnus Dei). This was Beethoven's first onstage appearance since 1812; the hall was packed with an eager and curious audience and a number of musicians and figures in Vienna including 371:

movement, brings in a choir and vocal soloists for the climax. The vocal forces sing a theme first played instrumentally, and this theme is reminiscent of the corresponding theme in the Ninth Symphony.

400:. When his friends and financiers learned of this, they urged Beethoven to hold the concert in Vienna, in the form of a petition signed by a number of prominent Viennese music patrons and performers. 3839:

The scale and influence of Beethoven's ninth led later composers to ascribe a special significance to their own ninth symphonies, which may have contributed to the cultural phenomenon known as the

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was brought forward as the perfect excuse for the change, and was put forth in a Philips news release celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Compact Disc as the reason for the 74-minute length.

474:. German soprano Henriette Sontag was 18 years old when Beethoven personally recruited her to perform in the premiere of the Ninth. Also personally recruited by Beethoven, 20-year-old 451:

The premiere of the Ninth Symphony involved an orchestra nearly twice as large as usual and required the combined efforts of the Kärntnertor house orchestra, the Vienna Music Society (

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The second column of bar numbers refers to the editions in which the finale is subdivided. Verses and choruses are numbered in accordance with the complete text of Schiller's "

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five times; there were handkerchiefs in the air, hats, and raised hands, so that Beethoven, who they knew could not hear the applause, could at least see the ovations.

455:), and a select group of capable amateurs. While no complete list of premiere performers exists, many of Vienna's most elite performers are known to have participated. 361:

The symphony emerged from other pieces by Beethoven that, while completed works in their own right, are also in some sense forerunners of the future symphony. The 1808

6180: 611:, however, criticized this edition, saying that it could create "quite possibly false" traditions. Breitkopf also published a new edition by Peter Hauschild in 2005. 6936: 393: 5863: 1839:, written a few years earlier. At times during the piece, Beethoven specifies one downbeat every three bars—perhaps because of the fast tempo—with the direction 5368: 6916: 6403: 5248: 4430: 3234: 3082: 316:

in 1785 and revised in 1803, with additional text written by Beethoven. In the 20th century, an instrumental arrangement of the chorus was adopted by the

3464:(1972) quotes the opening of the finale of Beethoven's Ninth and then criticises the utopian understanding of the brotherhood of man as expressed in the 5574:

An international collaboration between Philips and the Sony Corporation lead to the creation of the compact disc. The author explains how it came about

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The Ninth was the first example of a major composer scoring vocal parts in a symphony. The final (4th) movement of the symphony, commonly known as the

4846:). This concert was broadcast live on BBC Radio 3 and later on BBC4 television on 6 September 2013, where the same translation was used as subtitles. 4250: 4218: 4974:

with Benjamin Zander, Dominique Labelle, D'Anna Fortunato, Brad Cresswell, David Arnold, the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra, and Chorus Pro Musica.

3761:. In December 2009, for example, there were 55 performances of the symphony by various major orchestras and choirs in Japan. It was introduced to 6926: 3990: 6298: 6076: 5459: 3815:. Numbered choral symphonies as part of a cycle of otherwise instrumental works have subsequently been written by numerous composers, including 6730: 6557: 5891: 5125:"NBC Symphony Orchestra. 1941-11-11: Symphony no. 9, in D minor, op. 125 (Choral)", NBC broadcast from Cosmopolitan Opera House (City Center). 3883:

to be a large work with chorus and soloists, although the symphony as it eventually appeared was a relatively short work without vocal forces.

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At about 24 minutes in length, the last movement is the longest of the four movements. Indeed, it is longer than some entire symphonies of the

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of the scherzo from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony to introduce the second movement (scherzo) in his own Four Orchestral Pieces, Op. 12 (Sz 51).

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Portrait of Beethoven in 1824, the year his Ninth Symphony was premiered. He was almost completely deaf by the time of its composition.

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The duration of the movement is about 11 minutes, but this may vary depending on whether two (frequently omitted) repeats are played.

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is in the same key (D minor) as Beethoven's 9th and makes substantial use of thematic ideas from it. The slow movement of Bruckner's

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from the full orchestra are answered by octaves by the first violins. A prominent French horn solo is assigned to the fourth player.

5778: 3239: 6593: 5732: 4693: 420: 1939:, with each pair of variations progressively elaborating the rhythm and melodic ideas. The first variation, like the theme, is in 4142: 3702:". During the early 1990s, South Africa used an instrumental version of "Ode to Joy" in lieu of its national anthem at the time " 6656: 3494: 3280:, with six different choirs simultaneously singing from Japan, Germany, South Africa, China, the United States, and Australia. 1700: 607:. According to Del Mar, this edition corrects nearly 3,000 mistakes in the Breitkopf edition, some of which were "remarkable". 4081: 566:

instruments and sing all the chorus parts. —The actual direction was in Duport's hands; we musicians followed his baton only.

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and Philips, led to a settlement in a neutral 12-cm diameter format. The 1951 performance of the Ninth Symphony conducted by

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Beethoven's indication that the 2nd bassoon should double the basses in bars 115–164 of the finale was not included in the

383:'s Offertory in D minor, "Misericordias Domini", K. 222, written in 1775, contains a melody that foreshadows "Ode to Joy". 5965: 6901: 5642: 4397: 2062: 2032: 1877: 1769: 3186: 6858: 6723: 6326: 5446: 4596: 4456: 3473: 6281:

Symphonien aus dem Geiste der Vokalmusik : Zur Finalgestaltung in der Symphonik im 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert

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was deliberately designed to have a 74-minute playing time so that it could accommodate Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.

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during Christmas of 1989. This concert was performed by an orchestra and chorus made up of many nationalities: from

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admired the first three movements but lamented what he saw as the bad writing for the voices in the last movement:

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and with the choral part sung in Italian. The American premiere was presented on 20 May 1846 by the newly formed

1833: 1689: 6316: 4434: 3674:, the "Ode to Joy" segment of the symphony was played in lieu of a national anthem at the Olympic Games for the 6679: 6498: 5762: 4971: 4855: 4290: 3580: 3537:' chief engineer, who developed the CD, recalls that a commercial tug-of-war between the development partners, 3086: 2087:

Beethoven had difficulty describing the finale himself; in letters to publishers, he said that it was like his

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Prior to Beethoven's ninth, symphonies had not used choral forces and the piece thus established the genre of

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uses the A–B–A–B–A form found in the 3rd movement of Beethoven's piece and takes various figurations from it.

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Beethoven was flattered by the adoration of Vienna, so the Ninth Symphony was premiered on 7 May 1824 in the

336: 220: 6331: 4489: 3766: 6586: 3433: 3210: 6259: 5791:"Beethovens 9. Sinfonie – Musik für alle Zwecke – Die Neunte und Europa: "Die Marseillaise der Menschheit" 6353: 5330:. The Oxford History of Western Music. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 747–751. 2551:

with slow introduction. The main theme, first in the cellos and basses, is later recapitulated by voices.

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Revised and edited by Elliott Forbes. (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1973), p. 905.

3730:. The hymn is commonly sung in English-language churches to the "Ode to Joy" melody from this symphony. 1639: 1607: 1567: 1532: 1492: 1408: 1373: 1061: 6931: 6911: 6871: 6829: 6824: 6814: 6809: 6798: 6782: 6777: 6761: 6649: 6530: 6510: 6456: 5237: 3789: 3699: 3444:

pays homage to the scherzo of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony with his falling fourths and timpani strokes.

3170: 2088: 1814: 1810: 432: 362: 6117: 4955: 4526: 4505: 3868: 3806: 3426: 3422: 3304: 3194: 3069: 1856: 5170: 2055:.'' ("Oh friends, not these sounds! Let us instead strike up more pleasing and more joyful ones!"). 1746: 415: 407: 194: 6322: 5487: 4727: 3762: 3703: 3461: 2076: 79: 6397: 4132: 3048: 596: 6579: 6571: 5612: 3887: 3739: 3410: 3166: 2065: 2035: 1880: 1772: 1714: 1710: 380: 290: 6416: 6885: 6240:"'Deine Zauber binden wieder': Beethoven, Schiller, and the Joyous Reconciliation of Opposites" 5548: 5514: 3824: 3770: 3675: 3567: 3320: 3247: 3128: 3118: 3114: 2047: 2017:

The choral finale is Beethoven's musical representation of universal brotherhood based on the "

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A number of conductors have made alterations in the instrumentation of the symphony. Notably,

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Caroline Unger, a native of Vienna, had gained critical praise in 1821 appearing in Rossini's

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used the opening to the second movement as its theme music during the run of the program on

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and one of the supreme achievements in the history of music. One of the best-known works in

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between 1956 and 1968. In 1972, the musical backing (without the words) was adopted as the

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The opening, with its perfect fifth quietly emerging, resembles the sound of an orchestra

8: 6464: 6189: 6096: 4795: 4641:"The Dramatization of Hypermetric Conflicts in the Scherzo of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony" 4076: 3876: 3667: 3490: 3391: 3366: 3336: 3332: 3299:

label. The first electrical recording of the Ninth was recorded in England in 1926, with

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Going further back, an earlier version of the Choral Fantasy theme is found in the song "

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O Freunde, nicht diese Töne!' Sondern laßt uns angenehmere anstimmen, und freudenvollere

1793:(which repeats the main melodic themes) in bar 301, the theme returns, this time played 6522: 6385: 6368: 6263: 5917: 5750: 5557: 5257: 4893: 4732:

Horn Matters | A French Horn and Brass Site and Resource | John Ericson and Bruce Hembd

4668: 4585: 4522: 3843:. A number of other composers' ninth symphonies also employ a chorus, such as those by 3840: 3719: 3284: 3251: 3202: 3150: 2650: 2642: 2638: 1734: 750: 313: 98: 5669: 4956:"Concert: Beethoven 9th, Benjamin Zander and the Boston Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall" 4245:

Patricia Morrisroe "The Behind-the-Scenes Assist That Made Beethoven's Ninth Happen "

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at Prom 9, titled "War & Peace" as a commemoration to the centenary of the end of

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and the Bayreuth Festival Orchestra reinaugurated it with a performance of the Ninth.

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Slow section with a new theme on the text "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" It begins at

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Sture Forsén, Harry B. Gray, L. K. Olof Lindgren, and Shirley B. Gray. October 2013.

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Patricia Morrisroe "The Behind-the-Scenes Assist That Made Beethoven's Ninth Happen"

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with a performance of the Ninth. Following the festival's temporary suspension after

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N. B. Links to previous years' countdowns can be found at the link in the reference.

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In 1923, the first complete recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was made by the

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version of the opening bars of the second movement were also used as the theme for

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Raymond Holden, "The iconic symphony: performing Beethoven's Ninth Wagner's Way"

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In 2001, Beethoven's original, hand-written manuscript of the score, held by the

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Felix Weingartner conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (1935 recording)

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on 7 May 1824. The symphony is regarded by many critics and musicologists as a

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in lieu of the uncompleted Finale was supposedly sanctioned by the composer.

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it in a way that, when coupled with the tempo, makes it sound as if it is in

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on main theme and "Seid unschlungen, Millionen!" respectively. It begins at

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Otto Klemperer conducting the Concertgebouw Orchestra (1956 live recording)

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Makell, Talli (2002). "Ludwig van Beethoven". In Alexander J. Morin (ed.).

5464: 4933: 4889: 4457:"Concerning the Review of the Urtext Edition of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony" 3995: 3828: 3751: 3747: 3563: 3526: 3506: 3221:, bass. Bernstein conducted the Ninth Symphony one last time with soloists 3174: 3136: 3106: 3090: 2983: 2466: 2415: 1989: 1922: 1848: 1806: 1696: 1602: 592: 3362: 1699:, too, had used this arrangement in a number of his own works such as the 41: 6434: 6153: 6134: 5130: 5114: 3986: 3575: 3530: 3394:

dedicated this memorial plaque to the master and his work on 7 May 1924."

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the central artwork of Western music, the symphony to end all symphonies

3323:. Since the late 20th century, the Ninth has been recorded regularly by 1843:(rhythm of three beats) and one beat every four bars with the direction 6621: 6206:

Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony: Rehearsing and Performing its 1824 Premiere

5460:"Slavoj Žižek Examines the Perverse Ideology of Beethoven's Ode to Joy" 5069:

Orchestral Variations: Confusion and Error in the Orchestral Repertoire

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finale on the themes of the first and third "movements". It begins at

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Introduction with instrumental recitative and review of movements 1–3

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edition dating from 1864 has been used widely by orchestras. In 1997,

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The score specifies baritone, performance practice often uses a bass.

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in June 1990; he died four months later in October of the same year.

3009: 2002:. The final variation is twice interrupted by episodes in which loud 1179: 762: 475: 236: 156: 6020:. Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3694:) in 1985. The "Ode to Joy" was also used as the national anthem of 3240: 2114:

Cook gives the following table describing the form of the movement:

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Following the Ninth: In the Footsteps of Beethoven's Final Symphony

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Fay, Laurel E. Shostakovich: A life. Oxford University Press, 2000.

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by conducting the Ninth; since then it is traditional to open each

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doubled many woodwind passages, a modification greatly extended by

2107: 1016: 814: 729: 657: 509: 480: 6601: 5990:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Studentersamfundets Førlag . p. 23. 5144:"Beethoven's Ninth Symphony of greater importance than technology" 3757:

The Ninth Symphony is traditionally performed throughout Japan at

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that takes up nearly a quarter of the movement, as in Beethoven's

1577:("Freude, schöner Götterfunken" – "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!") 6568:, Kerry Candaele's 2013 documentary film about the Ninth Symphony 3781: 3534: 2753: 2554: 2484: 2092: 2003: 1999: 1985: 1906: 1891: 1829: 1755: 1751: 1676: 1562: 795: 757: 716: 673: 637: 571: 548: 523: 459: 266: 228: 59: 6563: 4372:"Jonathan Del Mar, New Urtext Edition: Beethoven Symphonies 1–9" 3295:

in Germany; the records were issued in the United States on the

6135:"The metronome marks for Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in context" 4051:

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition

3482: 849: 833: 774: 557:

success. In any case, Beethoven was not to blame, as violinist

308:

in the parallel key of D major. The text was adapted from the "

282: 4013:"Lansing Symphony Orchestra to perform joyful Beethoven's 9th" 515: 6398:"The Riddle of Beethoven's Alla Marcia in his Ninth Symphony" 5781:" at North Prospect Union United Church of Christ in Medford. 3585: 2605: 2592: 2344: 1867: 1724: 860: 855: 829: 807: 501: 492:

were known to have written roles specifically for her voice.

305: 244: 163: 47: 5643:""Countdown with Keith Olbermann" (MSNBC) 2003 – 2011 Theme" 3468:

and instead stresses man's capacity for both good and evil.

3121:

recordings also used English lyrics in the fourth movement.

3042: 3004:, have used Beethoven's suggested tempos, to mixed reviews. 2968:

Beethoven, they will all shout: "That's the way to do it..."

2939:

and finally, "Freude, schöner Götterfunken, Götterfunken!".

2106:

major, functioning as a kind of second group), or a kind of

1754:

strings, steadily building up until the first main theme in

281:, composed between 1822 and 1824. It was first performed in 6674:

Gustav Mahler's orchestration of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9

3538: 3027:

Gustav Mahler's orchestration of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9

2091:, Op. 80, only on a much grander scale. We might call it a 1890:

For the second subject, it modulates to the unusual key of

826: 801: 651: 463: 160: 6417:

Christoph Eschenbach conducting the Philadelphia Orchestra

5826:, 24 December 2010, p. 20, retrieved on 24 December 2010; 2273:"Joy" variation 6, with extension providing transition to 5801: 5588:"Philips Celebrates 25th Anniversary of the Compact Disc" 3559: 3085:

was presented on 21 March 1825 by its commissioners, the

2064:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

2034:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

1935:

away from the symphony's main key of D minor. It is in a

1879:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

1771:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

5733:"Opinion | South Africa Poaches on Europe's Anthem" 5488:"Why is a CD 74 minutes long? It's because of Beethoven" 3871:

to feature choral forces, however the use of his choral

3562:

from 1956 until 1970. The theme was taken from the 1952

3342:

The BBC Proms Youth Choir performed the piece alongside

466:

parts were sung by two famous young singers of the day:

5513: 5233:

Symphony No. 9, Leonard Bernstein at Prague Spring 1990

3012:

markings, both in writing and in performances with the

6738: 6332:

Text/libretto, with translation, in English and German

5547: 5422: 4431:"Beethoven 9 The fundamental reappraisal of a classic" 4152: 3981: 3979: 3076: 6869: 3361:

At 79 minutes, one of the longest Ninths recorded is

6922:

Works commissioned by the Royal Philharmonic Society

5918:

https://www.wqxr.org/story/2021-classical-countdown/

5818:

Japan makes Beethoven's Ninth No. 1 for the holidays

5184: 5171:"AES Oral History Project: Kees A.Schouhamer Immink" 4728:"The Natural Horn and the Beethoven 9 "Controversy"" 4543: 4049:

Bonds, Mark Evan, "Symphony: II. The 19th century",

3311:. The first complete American recording was made by 3020: 534:

Although the performance was officially directed by

5837:

Beethoven concert to fete students' wartime sendoff

4531: 3976: 6121: 5843:, 1 December 1999, retrieved on 24 December 2010. 5369:"About the Piece | Four Orchestral Pieces, Op. 12" 4874:(April 1975). "Beethoven: The Nobility Pretense". 4698:. University of Nebraska Press. 1994. p. 69. 4584: 3432:In the opening notes of the third movement of his 3402:and beyond were influenced by the Ninth Symphony. 2079:. Its form has been disputed by musicologists, as 1921:The third movement is a lyrical, slow movement in 1847:(rhythm of four beats). Normally, a scherzo is in 343:, becoming the first musical score so designated. 5012:"Was Something Wrong with Beethoven's Metronome?" 4366: 3149:conducted a version of the Ninth Symphony at the 3051:parts, though it was included in the full score. 6893: 6035:Cook, Nicholas (1993b). "2. Early impressions". 5485: 1916: 1851:. Beethoven wrote this piece in triple time but 888:. The structure of each movement is as follows: 6937:Musical settings of poems by Friedrich Schiller 5299:International History of the Recording Industry 2418:(based on "Joy" and "Seid umschlungen" themes) 1461:Allegro assai ("Freude, schöner Götterfunken") 6558:John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts 5585: 5403:. Universal Edition. p. 3. Archived from 4263:University Musical Encyclopedia of Vocal Music 3991:"Symphony guide: Beethoven's Ninth ('Choral')" 3421:used for the movements of his symphonies. His 2628: 1969:. The variations are separated by passages in 1820:A typical performance lasts about 15 minutes. 6724: 6587: 6274:Text and Act: Essays on Music and Performance 5397:4 Pieces, Op. 12 – Violin I – (Musical Score) 4796:The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven 4197: 4195: 3417:The Ninth Symphony influenced the forms that 1894:. The exposition then repeats before a short 5541: 5296:Gronow, Pekka; Saunio, Ilpo (26 July 1999). 5295: 5208:"Ode To Freedom – Beethoven: Symphony No. 9" 4914:, Aldo Oberdorfer ed., Milano, 1941, p. 325. 4425: 4223: 4182: 4180: 4040:, Great Falls Symphony, 2017/18 announcement 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3160: 3154: 425: 6917:Choral compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven 5892:"10,000 people sing Japan's Christmas song" 4912:Giuseppe Verdi: Autobiografia delle Lettere 4277:Life of Henriette Sontag, Countess de Rossi 3867:had not originally intended his unfinished 3601: 3346:'s UNESCO World Orchestra for Peace at the 337:Memory of the World Programme Heritage list 6731: 6717: 6594: 6580: 6175:The Ninth: Beethoven and the World in 1824 6103:(revised ed.). Yale University Press. 5523:IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter 5519:"Shannon, Beethoven, and the Compact Disc" 5371:. Los Angeles Philharmonic. Archived from 4923: 4838:2013 programme, for a concert held at the 4280:. New York: Stringer & Townsend. 1852. 4192: 4149:, op. 125, pbl.: Hauschild, Peter, p. VIII 3800: 3193:; from the United Kingdom, members of the 3008:has made a case for following Beethoven's 1725:I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso 905:I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso 575:applause. According to the critic for the 40: 6352:(with timings) of the final movement, at 6303:International Music Score Library Project 6152: 6110:Classical Music: The Listener's Companion 6081:International Music Score Library Project 5985: 5055:, p. 131. E.P. Tal & Co. Verlag, 1923 5029: 5027: 4421: 4419: 4236:(Chapter 3). Yale University Press, 2001. 4177: 4123:. New York: Schirmer Books, 1997, p. 251. 4043: 3957: 3834: 3043:2nd bassoon doubling basses in the finale 2978: 2924:Do you bow down before Him, you millions? 2882:So you, brothers, should run your course, 6325:, William and Gayle Cook Music Library, 6132: 6116: 5966:"George Lloyd: Symphonies Nos 2 & 9" 5749: 5428: 5357:. p. 153. Oxford University Press, 1995. 5322: 5316: 5135: 4983: 4786: 4784: 4549: 4374:. British Academy Review. Archived from 3384: 3053: 2982: 2632: 591:The first German edition was printed by 522: 514: 402: 6366:Tones? The Crux of Beethoven's Ninth". 6075: 6063: 5507: 4870: 4725: 4537: 4158: 3985: 3709: 3566:recording of the Ninth Symphony by the 2987:Handwritten page of the fourth movement 2670:Sondern laßt uns angenehmere anstimmen, 1671:Beethoven changes the usual pattern of 1644:= 132 ("Seid umschlungen, Millionen!") 1612:= 120 ("Freude, Tochter aus Elysium!") 6927:Music dedicated to nobility or royalty 6894: 6223:Beethoven's Ninth: A Political History 6124:Michael Tippett: An Introductory Study 6107: 5931:"Bruckner's Te Deum: A Hymn of Praise" 5810: 5667: 5393: 5302:. London: A&C Black. p. 195. 5190: 5024: 4984:Schuller, Gunther (10 December 1998). 4416: 4295:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music 3520: 3276:conducted the fourth movement for the 2687:Let us instead strike up more pleasing 2009:A performance lasts about 16 minutes. 1984:, the first in D major, the second in 1537:= 72 ("Seid umschlungen, Millionen!") 6712: 6575: 6169: 6034: 5858: 5856: 5457: 5202: 4781: 4775: 4763: 4751: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4619: 4587:Beethoven's Symphonies: A Guided Tour 4582: 4570: 4354: 4318: 4306: 4186: 3917:Presumably, Böhm meant the conductor 3733: 3278:1998 Winter Olympics opening ceremony 3068:conducting the Ninth Symphony at the 2991: 2806:Yes, and anyone who can call one soul 2576:(bar 331 - 594) and concludes with a 2533:Coda figure 3 (based on "Joy" theme) 304:, features four vocal soloists and a 6657:Visan om solen, månen och planeterna 6467:on the eve of Hitler's 53rd birthday 6095: 6012: 5099:from the original on 9 October 2022. 4638: 4342: 4330: 4265:. University Society, New York, 1912 4201: 4053:(London: Macmillan, 2001), 29 vols. 3970: 3405:An important theme in the finale of 623: 6533:bass-baritone, anniversary May 2015 5212:Naxos.com Classical Music Catalogue 5141: 4849: 4234:First Nights: Five Musical Premiers 4084:from the original on 15 August 2010 3769:. Japanese orchestras, notably the 3077:Notable performances and recordings 2928:Seek Him above the canopy of stars! 2926:Do you sense your Creator, O world? 2919:Brothers, above the canopy of stars 2810:Any who cannot, let them slink away 2224:Introduction with vocal recitative 1905:The contrasting trio section is in 1823: 1805:. The movement ends with a massive 744:; second and fourth movements only) 13: 6907:Symphonies by Ludwig van Beethoven 6327:Indiana University School of Music 6197: 5853: 5668:Fretts, Bruce (15 November 1996). 5366: 5080: 4834:The translation is taken from the 4625: 3608: 3481:comments on the use of the Ode by 3201:; and from France, members of the 2947:The symphony was dedicated to the 2884:joyfully, like a conquering hero. 2871:Freudig, wie ein Held zum Siegen. 2867:Durch des Himmels prächt'gen Plan, 2856:and the cherub stands before God. 2768:wherever your gentle wings hover. 2329:"Joy" variation 8, with extension 2208:"Joy" variation 3, with extension 982:Problems playing these files? See 893: 614: 418:in Vienna along with the overture 14: 6963: 6686:Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM 6287: 5586:Brian Mitchell (16 August 2007). 4799:. p. 440. New York: Norton, 1997. 4561:Jackson 1999, 26; Stein 1979, 106 4031:"Beethoven's Ninth: 'Ode to Joy'" 3548: 3179:Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra 3021:Re-orchestrations and alterations 2998:historically informed performance 2917:This kiss is for the whole world! 2804:let him join our songs of praise! 2802:Whoever has found a beloved wife, 2789:Und wer's nie gekonnt, der stehle 2750:Joy, beautiful spark of divinity, 2591:variation of the main theme with 1870:in D minor on the subject below. 277:, the final complete symphony by 6952:Frederick William III of Prussia 6879: 6276:(Oxford University Press, 1995). 6272:, "Resisting the Ninth", in his 6226:, translated by Richard Miller, 6133:Noorduin, Marten (17 May 2021). 6112:. San Francisco: Backbeat Books. 6069:The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven 5458:Jones, Josh (26 November 2013). 4297:. Oxford University Press, 2007. 3765:by German prisoners held at the 3657:Problems playing this file? See 3624: 3620:Anthem of Europe (short version) 3187:Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden 3083:British premiere of the symphony 2930:He must dwell beyond the stars. 2764:what custom has sternly divided. 2469:figure 1 (based on "Joy" theme) 1638: 1606: 1566: 1531: 1500:= 84 ("Froh, wie seine Sonnen") 1491: 1407: 1372: 1220: 1183: 1095: 1060: 1020: 966: 947: 928: 909: 367:, Op. 80, basically an extended 131:Frederick William III of Prussia 16:Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven 6337:Sources for the metronome marks 5979: 5958: 5949: 5923: 5911: 5884: 5784: 5771: 5757:. Netherlands: Fredonia Books. 5743: 5725: 5707: 5689: 5661: 5635: 5605: 5579: 5486:Victoria Longdon (3 May 2019). 5479: 5447:The Pervert's Guide to Ideology 5434: 5387: 5360: 5355:The Symphony: A Listeners Guide 5344: 5328:Music in the Nineteenth Century 5289: 5264: 5242: 5225: 5196: 5168: 5162: 5119: 5103: 5074: 5058: 5042: 5004: 4977: 4965: 4949: 4917: 4904: 4864: 4828: 4802: 4769: 4757: 4745: 4726:Ericson, John (10 April 2010). 4719: 4686: 4613: 4576: 4564: 4555: 4515: 4499: 4483:"Beethoven The Nine Symphonies" 4475: 4449: 4390: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4312: 4284: 4268: 4255: 4239: 4207: 4164: 3933: 3924: 3911: 3474:The Pervert's Guide to Ideology 3183:Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra 2878:Gladly, just as His suns hurtle 2854:Even the worm was given desire, 2835:Und der Cherub steht vor Gott. 2800:to become a friend to a friend, 2760:heavenly being, your sanctuary! 2758:We enter, burning with fervour, 2649:The text is largely taken from 1862:While adhering to the standard 6499:Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra 6382:10.1525/ncm.1998.22.1.02a00040 6234:(University of Chicago Press). 5553:"How we made the compact disc" 5071:London: Eulenburg Books, p. 43 4972:Recording of the Beethoven 9th 4126: 4110: 4096: 4064: 4024: 4006: 3581:Countdown with Keith Olbermann 3291:. The recording was issued by 3197:; from the US, members of the 3181:and Chorus, the Chorus of the 3087:Philharmonic Society of London 2880:through the glorious universe, 2865:Froh, wie seine Sonnen fliegen 2833:Wollust ward dem Wurm gegeben, 2812:from this gathering in tears! 2791:Weinend sich aus diesem Bund! 2779:Eines Freundes Freund zu sein; 2766:All men shall become brothers, 2743:Wo dein sanfter Flügel weilt. 2096:kind of sonata form (with the 444:, and the Austrian chancellor 358:Philharmonic Society of London 351: 1: 6101:Beethoven: the Ninth Symphony 5053:Erinnerungen an Gustav Mahler 5018:American Mathematical Society 3899: 3724:Joyful, Joyful, we adore thee 3495:East-West German Olympic team 3014:Boston Philharmonic Orchestra 2906:Such' ihn über'm Sternenzelt! 2904:Ahnest du den Schöpfer, Welt? 2902:Ihr stürzt nieder, Millionen? 2852:a true friend, even in death; 2850:She gives us kisses and wine, 2831:Einen Freund, geprüft im Tod; 2798:Whoever has been lucky enough 2787:Sein nennt auf dem Erdenrund! 2781:Wer ein holdes Weib errungen, 2683:Oh friends, not these sounds! 2572:military style. It begins at 2539:In line with Cook's remarks, 2434:Episode: "Ihr stürzt nieder" 2398:Episode: "Ihr stürzt nieder" 2347:episode based on "Joy" theme 2012: 1917:III. Adagio molto e cantabile 1561:Allegro energico, sempre ben 943:III. Adagio molto e cantabile 453:Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde 421:The Consecration of the House 221:Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde 219:Kärntnertor house orchestra, 50:) from Beethoven's manuscript 6942:Memory of the World Register 6452:Furtwängler on 19 April 1942 6293:Scores, manuscripts and text 6045:10.1017/cbo9780511611612.003 4261:Elson, Louis, Chief Editor. 4172:Mozart: A Cultural Biography 3879:had originally intended his 3398:Many later composers of the 3380: 3272:In 1998, Japanese conductor 2942: 2908:Über Sternen muß er wohnen. 2899:Muß ein lieber Vater wohnen. 2893:Seid umschlungen, Millionen! 2842:Every creature drinks in joy 2829:Küsse gab sie uns und Reben, 2777:Wem der große Wurf gelungen, 2741:Alle Menschen werden Brüder, 2739:Was die Mode streng geteilt; 2729:Freude, schöner Götterfunken 2666:O Freunde, nicht diese Töne! 2381:Episode: "Seid umschlungen" 2061: 2031: 1876: 1768: 1686:"Archduke" piano trio Op. 97 546:for a revision of his opera 7: 6354:Washington State University 6283:. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler. 5755:The Poems of Henry van Dyke 5714:"Rhodesia picks Ode to Joy" 4990:. Oxford University Press. 4856:"An die Freude" (Beethoven) 4591:. New York: Amadeus Press. 4510:Thayer's Life of Beethoven. 3886:Of his own Ninth Symphony, 3698:between 1974 and 1979, as " 3555:The Huntley–Brinkley Report 2921:must dwell a loving father. 2895:Diesen Kuß der ganzen Welt! 2785:Ja, wer auch nur eine Seele 2735:Himmlische, dein Heiligtum! 2629:Text of the fourth movement 1682:String Quartet Op. 18 no. 5 586: 386: 10: 6968: 6902:Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven) 6650:Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia 6511:Chicago Symphony Orchestra 5986:Henriques, Robert (1891). 4506:Thayer, Alexander Wheelock 4293:and Bourne, Joyce (1996). 4252:access date March 12, 2020 4220:access date March 12, 2020 3804: 3790:New York metropolitan area 3767:Bandō prisoner-of-war camp 3700:Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia 3024: 2915:Be embraced, you millions! 2897:Brüder, über'm Sternenzelt 2869:Laufet, Brüder, eure Bahn, 2848:follow her trail of roses. 2762:Your magic brings together 2737:Deine Zauber binden wieder 2733:Wir betreten feuertrunken, 1701:String Quartet No. 30 in E 1675:symphonies in placing the 346: 310:An die Freude (Ode to Joy) 6838: 6770: 6754: 6666: 6613: 6037:Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 6018:Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 5272:"Prom 9: War & Peace" 4639:Cohn, Richard L. (1992). 4583:Young, John Bell (2008). 3807:List of choral symphonies 3792:, ends every year with a 3750:and was also observed by 3411:Symphony No. 1 in C minor 3305:London Symphony Orchestra 3287:process and conducted by 3256:Prague Philharmonic Choir 3195:London Symphony Orchestra 3072:in Porto, Portugal (1955) 2823:An den Brüsten der Natur; 2821:Freude trinken alle Wesen 2121: 2100:of bar 331, which is in B 1828:The second movement is a 1729:The first movement is in 1364: 1172: 1049: 1006: 430:) and three parts of the 215: 201: 190: 175: 170: 152: 144: 136: 125: 117: 109: 94: 75: 65: 55: 39: 28: 23: 5777:Rev. Corey F. O'Brien, " 4910:Letter of April 1878 in 3763:Japan during World War I 3704:Die Stem van Suid-Afrika 3686:and subsequently by the 3602:Use as (national) anthem 3165:(Joy), to celebrate the 2783:Mische seinen Jubel ein! 2048:instrumental recitatives 1845:ritmo di quattro battute 884:The symphony is in four 603:published an edition by 6947:Compositions in D minor 6310:of Symphony No. 9 from 6299:Symphony No. 9, Op. 125 6279:Wegner, Sascha (2018). 6238:Parsons, James (2002). 6193:(London), 5 July 2010). 6089:of Symphony No. 9 from 6077:Symphony No. 9, Op. 125 5779:November 9, 2008 sermon 5615:Huntley–Brinkley Report 5515:K. A. Schouhamer Immink 4929:"In tune with the time" 4844:Prom 38, 11 August 2013 4036:1 December 2017 at the 3801:Other choral symphonies 3525:One legend is that the 3167:fall of the Berlin Wall 2827:Folgen ihrer Rosenspur. 2612:(bar 655–762), and two 2066:download the audio file 2036:download the audio file 1881:download the audio file 1864:compound ternary design 1773:download the audio file 1489:; Allegro assai vivace 1015:ma non troppo, un poco 879: 291:Western classical music 6250:(1): 1–53 – via 5796:8 January 2018 at the 5549:K.A. Schouhamer Immink 5083:"Notes on the Program" 5049:Bauer-Lechner, Natalie 4987:The Compleat Conductor 4370:(July–December 1999). 4140:Symphonie Nr. 9 d-moll 3835:Other ninth symphonies 3825:Ralph Vaughan Williams 3771:NHK Symphony Orchestra 3676:United Team of Germany 3613: 3568:NBC Symphony Orchestra 3395: 3321:Philadelphia Orchestra 3248:Prague Spring Festival 3161: 3155: 3129:Bayreuth Festspielhaus 3119:NBC Symphony Orchestra 3115:Philadelphia Orchestra 3073: 3049:Breitkopf & Härtel 2988: 2979:Performance challenges 2976: 2825:Alle Guten, alle Bösen 2808:his own on this earth! 2646: 2112: 1719:G minor String Quintet 898: 791:(fourth movement only) 777:(fourth movement only) 771:(fourth movement only) 765:(fourth movement only) 682:(fourth movement only) 640:(fourth movement only) 597:Breitkopf & Härtel 568: 531: 520: 446:Klemens von Metternich 426: 416:Theater am Kärntnertor 411: 408:Theater am Kärntnertor 195:Theater am Kärntnertor 6421:National Public Radio 6350:Analysis for students 6258:Rasmussen, Michelle, 5697:"The European Anthem" 5394:Bartók, Béla (1912). 5090:New York Philharmonic 4958:by Bernhard Holland, 4877:The Musical Quarterly 4230:Kelly, Thomas Forrest 4018:Lansing State Journal 3612: 3598:in its first season. 3450:borrowed the opening 3388: 3289:Bruno Seidler-Winkler 3227:Ute Trekel-Burckhardt 3219:Jan-Hendrik Rootering 3199:New York Philharmonic 3185:, and members of the 3099:New York Philharmonic 3057: 2986: 2965: 2953:Frederick William III 2691:and more joyful ones! 2636: 2085: 1937:double variation form 1789:At the outset of the 1437:Presto ("O Freunde") 897: 595:(Mainz) in 1826. The 563: 526: 518: 512:parts, respectively. 406: 312:", a poem written by 295:common practice music 6746:Ludwig van Beethoven 6603:Ludwig van Beethoven 6362:(Summer 1998). "Not 6097:Levy, David Benjamin 6071:. London: Heinemann. 5621:networknewsmusic.com 5444:(7 September 2012). 4890:10.1093/mq/LXI.2.272 4816:on 23 September 2008 4145:1 April 2012 at the 3989:(9 September 2014). 3710:Use as a hymn melody 3688:European Communities 3377:among the soloists. 3159:(Freedom) replacing 2973:Giuseppe Verdi, 1878 2731:Tochter aus Elysium, 2618:Allegro ma non tanto 2549:Theme and variations 2309:"Joy" variation 7 (" 2023:theme and variations 1998:, and the fourth in 1954:time, the second in 1841:ritmo di tre battute 1693:piano sonata Op. 106 427:Die Weihe des Hauses 333:Berlin State Library 279:Ludwig van Beethoven 210:Ludwig van Beethoven 179:7 May 1824 34:Ludwig van Beethoven 6465:Berlin Philharmonic 6461:Wilhelm Furtwängler 6317:Original manuscript 6203:Albrecht, Theodor, 6190:The Daily Telegraph 5935:The Listeners' Club 5847:9 June 2011 at the 5830:9 June 2011 at the 5800:, by Niels Kaiser, 5739:. 24 November 1991. 5623:. 20 September 1959 5410:on 25 December 2017 3877:Dmitri Shostakovich 3849:Mieczysław Weinberg 3831:among many others. 3775:Imperial government 3759:the end of the year 3726:" while staying at 3668:division of Germany 3521:Compact disc format 3491:Cultural Revolution 3392:Wiener Schubertbund 3367:Vienna Philharmonic 3365:'s, conducting the 3337:John Eliot Gardiner 3333:Christopher Hogwood 3293:Deutsche Grammophon 3141:Wilhelm Furtwängler 2846:Good and Evil alike 2844:at nature's breast; 2674:und freudenvollere. 2118: 1896:development section 339:established by the 335:, was added to the 6859:No. 10 in E♭ major 6523:Ekaterina Gubanova 6369:19th-Century Music 6264:Schiller Institute 6154:10.1093/em/caab005 5872:. 30 December 2015 5804:, 26 January 2011 5737:The New York Times 5670:"TV Show Openings" 5647:Network News Music 5558:Nature Electronics 5450:(Motion picture). 5351:Steinberg, Michael 5258:The New York Times 5150:on 2 February 2009 4960:The New York Times 4645:19th-Century Music 4523:Dover Publications 4404:on 17 October 2007 4378:on 23 October 2007 4249:December 8, 2020. 4217:December 8, 2020. 4170:Robert W. Gutman, 3841:curse of the ninth 3734:Year-end tradition 3720:Henry van Dyke Jr. 3614: 3477:, the philosopher 3436:From the New World 3396: 3285:acoustic recording 3252:Czech Philharmonic 3203:Orchestre de Paris 3151:Konzerthaus Berlin 3074: 3000:movement, notably 2996:Conductors in the 2992:Metronome markings 2989: 2651:Friedrich Schiller 2647: 2643:Ludovike Simanowiz 2639:Friedrich Schiller 2364:"Joy" variation 9 2257:"Joy" variation 5 2241:"Joy" variation 4 2193:"Joy" variation 2 2178:"Joy" variation 1 2117: 2021:" theme and is in 899: 532: 521: 412: 314:Friedrich Schiller 99:Friedrich Schiller 6932:1824 compositions 6912:Choral symphonies 6867: 6866: 6861: 6771:Middle symphonies 6706: 6705: 6692:Copying Beethoven 6527:Matthew Polenzani 6501:, graphical score 6270:Taruskin, Richard 6177:. Faber and Faber 6054:978-0-521-39924-1 5869:The Seattle Times 5835:Uranaka, Taiga, " 5816:Brasor, Philip, " 5337:978-0-19-538483-3 5324:Taruskin, Richard 5309:978-0-3047-0590-0 5261:, 7 February 1998 5081:Keller, James M. 5065:Del Mar, Jonathan 5036:The Musical Times 4997:978-0-19-984058-8 4962:, 11 October 1983 4927:(14 March 2009). 4925:Norrington, Roger 4840:Royal Albert Hall 4705:978-0-8032-4246-3 4368:Del Mar, Jonathan 4072:"European Anthem" 4021:, 2 November 2016 4015:by Ken Glickman, 3891:Ninth Symphony?" 3857:Hans Werner Henze 3817:Felix Mendelssohn 3743:workers' movement 3684:Council of Europe 3647: 3511:Council of Europe 3499:Southern Rhodesia 3348:Royal Albert Hall 3325:period performers 3317:Leopold Stokowski 3301:Felix Weingartner 3213:, mezzo-soprano, 3147:Leonard Bernstein 3133:Bayreuth Festival 3111:Leopold Stokowski 2936: 2935: 2537: 2536: 2070: 2040: 1885: 1777: 1744:(A and E) played 1740:. It begins with 1667: 1666: 1529:Andante maestoso 1281:Andante moderato 1218:Andante moderato 972: 953: 934: 915: 876: 875: 593:B. Schott's Söhne 581:standing ovations 394:Italian composers 318:Council of Europe 259: 258: 6959: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6875: 6856: 6846:No. 9 in D minor 6830:No. 8 in F major 6825:No. 7 in A major 6815:No. 6 in F major 6810:No. 5 in C minor 6804: 6803: 6788: 6787: 6778:No. 2 in D major 6762:No. 1 in C major 6755:Early symphonies 6749: 6748: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6710: 6709: 6643:Anthem of Europe 6614:Musical settings 6596: 6589: 6582: 6573: 6572: 6546:about the anthem 6544:Official EU page 6507: 6495:Nicholas McGegan 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6453: 6439:Internet Archive 6430:Internet Archive 6400:(self-published) 6393: 6319:(site in German) 6308:Free sheet music 6301:: Scores at the 6255: 6217:(Boydell Press). 6178: 6166: 6156: 6129: 6128:. London: Faber. 6127: 6113: 6104: 6087:Free sheet music 6083: 6079:: Scores at the 6072: 6058: 6031: 6000: 5999: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5860: 5851: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5788: 5782: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5729: 5723: 5722:, 30 August 1974 5711: 5705: 5704: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5455: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5409: 5402: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5364: 5358: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5276:BBC Music Events 5268: 5262: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5200: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5146:. Archived from 5139: 5133: 5123: 5117: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5087: 5078: 5072: 5062: 5056: 5046: 5040: 5031: 5022: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4921: 4915: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4872:Solomon, Maynard 4868: 4862: 4853: 4847: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4812:. Archived from 4806: 4800: 4788: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4636: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4590: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4519: 4513: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4495:on 27 June 2008. 4494: 4488:. Archived from 4487: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4459:. Archived from 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4437:on 19 April 2012 4433:. Archived from 4427:Zander, Benjamin 4423: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4400:. Archived from 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4364: 4358: 4357:, pp. 23–24 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4291:Kennedy, Michael 4288: 4282: 4281: 4272: 4266: 4259: 4253: 4243: 4237: 4227: 4221: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4190: 4184: 4175: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4130: 4124: 4117:Solomon, Maynard 4114: 4108: 4107: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4068: 4062: 4047: 4041: 4028: 4022: 4010: 4004: 4003: 3983: 3974: 3968: 3944: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3922: 3915: 3728:Williams College 3722:wrote the hymn " 3680:Anthem of Europe 3649: 3648: 3611: 3572:Arturo Toscanini 3434:Symphony No. 9 ( 3350:during the 2018 3329:Roger Norrington 3309:Columbia Records 3268: 3245: 3242: 3205:. Soloists were 3164: 3158: 3127:inaugurated his 3095:Sir George Smart 3067: 3002:Roger Norrington 2974: 2660: 2659: 2610:Allegro energico 2600:Andante maestoso 2590: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2294:Introduction to 2289: 2288: 2119: 2116: 2105: 2104: 1995: 1994: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1928: 1927: 1830:scherzo and trio 1824:II. Molto vivace 1815:Fifth Symphonies 1801:, rather than D 1713:in three of the 1706: 1705: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1643: 1642: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1611: 1610: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1536: 1535: 1524: 1523: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1412: 1411: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1360: 1359: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1329: 1328: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1276: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1225: 1224: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1188: 1187: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1100: 1099: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1025: 1024: 993: 992: 974: 973: 955: 954: 936: 935: 924:II. Molto vivace 917: 916: 896: 724: 723: 712: 711: 706: 705: 667: 666: 624: 605:Jonathan Del Mar 570:Reportedly, the 538:, the theatre's 468:Henriette Sontag 429: 326:Anthem of Europe 320:, and later the 225:Henriette Sontag 186: 184: 140:about 70 minutes 46:A page (leaf 12 44: 21: 20: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6886:Classical music 6880: 6878: 6870: 6868: 6863: 6839:Late symphonies 6834: 6801: 6800: 6785: 6784: 6766: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6737: 6707: 6702: 6662: 6629:The Hymn of Joy 6609: 6600: 6560:, February 2004 6525:mezzo-soprano, 6505: 6497:conducting the 6489: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6463:conducting the 6451: 6396:Signell, Karl, 6360:Hinton, Stephen 6358: 6290: 6244:Beethoven Forum 6237: 6220:Buch, Esteban, 6200: 6198:Further reading 6118:Matthews, David 6065:Hopkins, Antony 6055: 6028: 6004: 6003: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5940: 5938: 5937:. 10 March 2021 5929: 5928: 5924: 5916: 5912: 5902: 5900: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5875: 5873: 5862: 5861: 5854: 5849:Wayback Machine 5841:The Japan Times 5834: 5832:Wayback Machine 5823:The Japan Times 5815: 5811: 5805: 5798:Wayback Machine 5789: 5785: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5751:van Dyke, Henry 5748: 5744: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5712: 5708: 5703:. 16 June 2016. 5695: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5649:. 31 March 2003 5641: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5584: 5580: 5567: 5565: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5512: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5484: 5480: 5470: 5468: 5452:Zeitgeist Films 5440: 5439: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5378: 5376: 5367:Howard, Orrin. 5365: 5361: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5253:Stephanie Strom 5247: 5243: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5201: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5175: 5173: 5167: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5140: 5136: 5124: 5120: 5108: 5104: 5096: 5085: 5079: 5075: 5063: 5059: 5047: 5043: 5032: 5025: 5016:Notices of the 5009: 5005: 4998: 4982: 4978: 4970: 4966: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4922: 4918: 4909: 4905: 4869: 4865: 4854: 4850: 4833: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4789: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4724: 4720: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4695:Beethoven Forum 4692: 4691: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4637: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4599: 4581: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4520: 4516: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4463:on 28 June 2007 4455: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4424: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4365: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4329: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4305: 4301: 4289: 4285: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4260: 4256: 4244: 4240: 4228: 4224: 4212: 4208: 4200: 4193: 4185: 4178: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4147:Wayback Machine 4131: 4127: 4115: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4048: 4044: 4038:Wayback Machine 4029: 4025: 4011: 4007: 3984: 3977: 3969: 3958: 3948: 3947: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3837: 3813:choral symphony 3809: 3803: 3754:after the war. 3736: 3712: 3664: 3663: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3650: 3625: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3604: 3551: 3523: 3505:(leader of the 3458:Michael Tippett 3407:Johannes Brahms 3400:Romantic period 3383: 3375:Plácido Domingo 3319:conducting the 3303:conducting the 3258: 3246:, bass, at the 3237: 3079: 3061: 3045: 3029: 3023: 3006:Benjamin Zander 2994: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2949:King of Prussia 2945: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2722: 2717: 2709: 2704: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2631: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2567: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2286: 2285: 2102: 2101: 2098:"Turkish" music 2073: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2015: 1992: 1991: 1988:, the third in 1979: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1964: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1949: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1826: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1727: 1703: 1702: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1637: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1605: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1530: 1521: 1520: 1512: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1497: 1490: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1406: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1378: 1371: 1357: 1356: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1335:Lo stesso tempo 1326: 1325: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1293: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1273: 1272: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1219: 1210: 1209: 1201: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1182: 1178:Adagio molto e 1161: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1094: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1066: 1059: 1038: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1019: 989: 988: 980: 978: 977: 976: 975: 967: 964: 958: 957: 956: 948: 945: 939: 938: 937: 929: 926: 920: 919: 918: 910: 907: 900: 894: 882: 877: 837: 832:(tenor briefly 822: 792: 781: 745: 721: 720: 709: 708: 703: 702: 683: 664: 663: 641: 617: 615:Instrumentation 589: 577:Theater-Zeitung 544:dress rehearsal 494:Anton Haizinger 389: 354: 349: 275:choral symphony 241:Anton Haizinger 223:with soloists: 182: 180: 51: 30:Choral symphony 17: 12: 11: 5: 6965: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6889: 6888: 6865: 6864: 6857:Hypothetical: 6854: 6853: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6812: 6807: 6796: 6780: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6751: 6736: 6735: 6728: 6721: 6713: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6698:9 Beet Stretch 6695: 6688: 6683: 6676: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6607:Symphony No. 9 6599: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6561: 6547: 6538:Other material 6535: 6534: 6519:Camilla Nylund 6502: 6468: 6442: 6441: 6432: 6423: 6408: 6407: 6401: 6394: 6356: 6341: 6340: 6334: 6329: 6320: 6314: 6305: 6289: 6288:External links 6286: 6285: 6284: 6277: 6267: 6256: 6235: 6218: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6185:Philip Hensher 6167: 6130: 6114: 6105: 6093: 6084: 6073: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6053: 6026: 6014:Cook, Nicholas 6002: 6001: 5978: 5957: 5948: 5922: 5910: 5883: 5852: 5809: 5783: 5770: 5763: 5742: 5724: 5706: 5688: 5660: 5634: 5604: 5578: 5540: 5506: 5478: 5433: 5421: 5386: 5375:on 8 June 2015 5359: 5343: 5336: 5315: 5308: 5288: 5263: 5241: 5224: 5195: 5183: 5161: 5134: 5118: 5102: 5073: 5057: 5041: 5023: 5021:60(9):1146–53. 5003: 4996: 4976: 4964: 4948: 4916: 4903: 4884:(2): 272–294. 4863: 4848: 4827: 4801: 4791:Rosen, Charles 4780: 4768: 4756: 4744: 4718: 4704: 4685: 4657:10.2307/746424 4651:(3): 188–206. 4624: 4612: 4598:978-1574671698 4597: 4575: 4563: 4554: 4542: 4530: 4514: 4498: 4474: 4448: 4415: 4389: 4359: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4311: 4299: 4283: 4267: 4254: 4247:New York Times 4238: 4222: 4215:New York Times 4206: 4191: 4176: 4174:, 1999, p. 344 4163: 4161:, p. 249. 4151: 4125: 4109: 4095: 4063: 4042: 4023: 4005: 3975: 3955: 3954: 3946: 3945: 3932: 3923: 3919:Michael Umlauf 3909: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3881:Ninth Symphony 3869:ninth symphony 3865:Anton Bruckner 3845:Kurt Atterberg 3836: 3833: 3802: 3799: 3784:, a classical 3735: 3732: 3711: 3708: 3692:European Union 3654: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3595:Suddenly Susan 3550: 3549:TV theme music 3547: 3522: 3519: 3515:European Union 3503:Abimael Guzmán 3489:, the Chinese 3462:Third Symphony 3442:Antonín Dvořák 3427:Symphony No. 7 3423:Symphony No. 3 3419:Anton Bruckner 3382: 3379: 3231:Wiesław Ochman 3125:Richard Wagner 3078: 3075: 3070:Rivoli Theatre 3044: 3041: 3033:Richard Wagner 3025:Main article: 3022: 3019: 2993: 2990: 2980: 2977: 2970: 2944: 2941: 2934: 2933: 2913: 2911: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2876: 2874: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2840: 2838: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2796: 2794: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2752:Daughter from 2748: 2746: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2712: 2710: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2680: 2678: 2663: 2630: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2620:(bar 763–940). 2603: 2602:(bar 595–654). 2596: 2582: 2563: 2552: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2503:Coda figure 2 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 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123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 96: 92: 91: 77: 73: 72: 69: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 45: 37: 36: 26: 25: 24:Symphony No. 9 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6964: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6887: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6862: 6860: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6820: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6797: 6794: 6790: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6734: 6729: 6727: 6722: 6720: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6681: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6647: 6644: 6640: 6637: 6636:A Song of Joy 6633: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6597: 6592: 6590: 6585: 6583: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6555: 6554:Richard Freed 6551: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6515:Riccardo Muti 6512: 6508: 6506:Beethoven 9th 6503: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6469: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6312:Cantorion.org 6309: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6294: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6266:, June, 2015. 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6233: 6232:0-226-07824-8 6229: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6216: 6215:9781837651054 6212: 6208: 6207: 6202: 6201: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6171:Sachs, Harvey 6168: 6164: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091:Cantorion.org 6088: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6027:0-521-39039-7 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6008: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5988:Niels W. Gade 5982: 5967: 5961: 5952: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5919: 5914: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5887: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5859: 5857: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5813: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5787: 5780: 5774: 5766: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5721: 5720: 5719:Vancouver Sun 5715: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5622: 5618: 5616: 5608: 5593: 5592:ecoustics.com 5589: 5582: 5575: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5437: 5431:, p. 93. 5430: 5429:Matthews 1980 5425: 5406: 5399: 5398: 5390: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5339: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5292: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5199: 5193:, p. 98. 5192: 5187: 5172: 5165: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5095: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5039:, Winter 2011 5038: 5037: 5030: 5028: 5020: 5019: 5013: 5007: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4980: 4973: 4968: 4961: 4957: 4952: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4913: 4907: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4777: 4772: 4765: 4760: 4753: 4748: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4707: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4689: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4621: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4589: 4588: 4579: 4572: 4567: 4558: 4551: 4550:Noorduin 2021 4546: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4491: 4484: 4478: 4462: 4458: 4452: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4420: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4356: 4351: 4344: 4339: 4332: 4327: 4320: 4315: 4308: 4303: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4279: 4278: 4271: 4264: 4258: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4196: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4173: 4167: 4160: 4155: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4138:, Beethoven: 4137: 4134: 4129: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4105: 4099: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4060: 4059:0-333-60800-3 4056: 4052: 4046: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4027: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3980: 3972: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3942: 3941:An die Freude 3936: 3927: 3920: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3897: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3853:Edmund Rubbra 3850: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3821:Gustav Mahler 3818: 3814: 3808: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3786:radio station 3783: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3714:In 1907, the 3707: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3660: 3621: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3570:conducted by 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3393: 3387: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3371:Jessye Norman 3369:in 1981 with 3368: 3364: 3359: 3357: 3356:World War One 3353: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3315:in 1934 with 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3235:Sergej Kopčák 3233:, tenor, and 3232: 3229:, contralto, 3228: 3224: 3220: 3217:, tenor, and 3216: 3212: 3208: 3207:June Anderson 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3191:Kirov Theatre 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3103:Castle Garden 3100: 3096: 3093:conducted by 3092: 3088: 3084: 3071: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3037:Gustav Mahler 3034: 3028: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2985: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2931: 2912: 2909: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2872: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2839: 2836: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2795: 2792: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2755: 2747: 2744: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2626: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2585: 2575: 2566: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2541:Charles Rosen 2532: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2311:Turkish march 2308: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2109: 2108:concerto form 2099: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2082: 2081:Nicholas Cook 2078: 2077:Classical era 2067: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2037: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1978: 1963: 1948: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1882: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1836: 1835:Hammerklavier 1831: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1774: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1691:Hammerklavier 1687: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1662: 1655: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1623: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1588: 1579: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1548: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1518: 1511: 1502: 1494: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1448: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1424: 1415: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1392: 1383: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1354: 1347: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1323: 1316: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1299: 1292: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1270: 1263: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1237: 1228: 1223: 1217: 1216: 1207: 1200: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1173:Movement III 1171: 1167: 1160: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1136: 1127: 1125:Molto vivace 1124: 1123: 1119: 1112: 1103: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1080: 1071: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1037: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1001: 998: 995: 994: 991: 990: 987: 985: 963: 944: 925: 906: 889: 887: 872: 867: 866:Double basses 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 851: 848: 847: 846: 845: 844: 835: 831: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 793: 790: 789: 784: 782: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 761: 759: 756: 755: 754: 753: 752: 743: 739: 735: 731: 726: 718: 714: 700: 696: 695: 694: 693: 692: 687: 681: 680:Contrabassoon 677: 675: 671: 668: 659: 655: 653: 649: 647: 643: 639: 635: 634: 633: 632: 631: 626: 625: 621: 612: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 584: 582: 578: 573: 567: 562: 560: 554: 551: 550: 545: 541: 540:Kapellmeister 537: 529: 525: 517: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 482: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 434: 428: 423: 422: 417: 409: 405: 401: 399: 395: 384: 382: 378: 373: 370: 366: 365: 359: 344: 342: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 211: 207: 204: 200: 196: 193: 189: 178: 174: 169: 165: 162: 158: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 78: 74: 70: 68: 64: 61: 58: 54: 49: 43: 38: 35: 31: 27: 22: 19: 6855: 6849: 6845: 6818: 6792: 6690: 6606: 6564: 6550:Program note 6537: 6536: 6509:on YouTube, 6493:on YouTube, 6487:on YouTube, 6481:on YouTube, 6475:on YouTube, 6444: 6443: 6410: 6409: 6376:(1): 61–77. 6373: 6367: 6363: 6343: 6342: 6311: 6292: 6291: 6280: 6273: 6252:Academia.edu 6247: 6243: 6222: 6205: 6188: 6174: 6144: 6138: 6123: 6109: 6100: 6090: 6068: 6036: 6017: 6006: 6005: 5987: 5981: 5969:. Retrieved 5960: 5951: 5939:. Retrieved 5934: 5925: 5913: 5901:. Retrieved 5895: 5886: 5874:. Retrieved 5867: 5840: 5821: 5812: 5786: 5773: 5754: 5745: 5736: 5727: 5717: 5709: 5700: 5691: 5679:. Retrieved 5673: 5663: 5651:. Retrieved 5646: 5637: 5625:. Retrieved 5620: 5614: 5607: 5595:. Retrieved 5591: 5581: 5573: 5566:. Retrieved 5562: 5556: 5543: 5531:. Retrieved 5526: 5522: 5509: 5497:. Retrieved 5491: 5481: 5469:. Retrieved 5465:Open Culture 5463: 5445: 5442:Slavoj Žižek 5436: 5424: 5412:. Retrieved 5405:the original 5396: 5389: 5377:. Retrieved 5373:the original 5362: 5354: 5346: 5327: 5318: 5298: 5291: 5279:. Retrieved 5275: 5266: 5256: 5244: 5227: 5215:. Retrieved 5211: 5198: 5186: 5174:. Retrieved 5164: 5152:. Retrieved 5148:the original 5137: 5121: 5105: 5089: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5034: 5015: 5006: 4986: 4979: 4967: 4959: 4951: 4939:. Retrieved 4934:The Guardian 4932: 4919: 4911: 4906: 4881: 4875: 4866: 4851: 4830: 4818:. Retrieved 4814:the original 4804: 4794: 4778:, p. 35 4771: 4766:, p. 34 4759: 4754:, p. 36 4747: 4735:. Retrieved 4731: 4721: 4709:. Retrieved 4694: 4688: 4676:. Retrieved 4648: 4644: 4622:, p. 30 4615: 4586: 4578: 4573:, p. 28 4566: 4557: 4545: 4533: 4517: 4509: 4501: 4490:the original 4477: 4465:. Retrieved 4461:the original 4451: 4439:. Retrieved 4435:the original 4406:. Retrieved 4402:the original 4392: 4380:. Retrieved 4376:the original 4362: 4350: 4345:, p. 23 4338: 4333:, p. 22 4326: 4321:, p. 22 4314: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4276: 4270: 4262: 4257: 4246: 4241: 4233: 4225: 4214: 4209: 4171: 4166: 4159:Hopkins 1981 4154: 4128: 4120: 4112: 4098: 4086:. Retrieved 4075: 4066: 4050: 4045: 4026: 4016: 4008: 4000: 3996:The Guardian 3994: 3987:Service, Tom 3950: 3949: 3935: 3926: 3913: 3904: 3903: 3888:George Lloyd 3885: 3872: 3838: 3829:Charles Ives 3810: 3788:serving the 3780: 3756: 3752:East Germany 3737: 3716:Presbyterian 3713: 3665: 3656: 3593: 3579: 3553: 3552: 3527:compact disc 3524: 3507:Shining Path 3479:Slavoj Žižek 3472: 3471:In the film 3470: 3456: 3446: 3435: 3431: 3416: 3404: 3397: 3360: 3341: 3327:, including 3307:, issued by 3282: 3271: 3211:Sarah Walker 3175:West Germany 3145: 3137:World War II 3123: 3107:George Loder 3091:Argyll Rooms 3080: 3046: 3030: 2995: 2966: 2957: 2946: 2937: 2914: 2892: 2877: 2864: 2841: 2820: 2797: 2776: 2749: 2728: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2648: 2637:Portrait of 2623: 2617: 2609: 2599: 2583: 2573: 2564: 2538: 2416:Double fugue 2163:"Joy" theme 2131:Description 2113: 2086: 2074: 2052: 2044: 2016: 2008: 1976: 1961: 1946: 1920: 1912: 1904: 1889: 1861: 1844: 1840: 1837:piano sonata 1834: 1827: 1819: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1781: 1745: 1728: 1690: 1670: 1653: 1636:Prestissimo 1621: 1603:ma non tanto 1586: 1546: 1509: 1470: 1446: 1422: 1390: 1365:Movement IV 1345: 1314: 1290: 1261: 1235: 1198: 1158: 1134: 1110: 1078: 1050:Movement II 1035: 981: 883: 870: 841: 840: 786: 780: 749: 748: 689: 688: 628: 627: 618: 590: 576: 569: 564: 555: 547: 533: 479: 457: 450: 431: 419: 413: 390: 374: 363: 355: 330: 301: 299: 262: 260: 166:and soloists 88:transitional 18: 6680:Road to Joy 6517:conductor, 6404:Beethoven 9 6147:: 129–145. 6140:Early Music 5806:(in German) 5653:12 February 5414:25 December 5379:27 December 5281:19 February 5217:26 November 5191:Makell 2002 4538:IMSLP score 4467:13 November 4441:13 November 4408:13 November 4382:13 November 4309:, p. . 3748:Nazi period 3666:During the 3576:synthesized 3543:Furtwängler 3531:Kees Immink 3509:), and the 3448:Béla Bartók 3344:Georg Solti 3274:Seiji Ozawa 3259: [ 3238: [ 3225:, soprano, 3215:Klaus König 3209:, soprano, 3062: [ 2574:Alla marcia 2051:himself: '' 1933:minor sixth 1849:triple time 1742:open fifths 1733:without an 1731:sonata form 1007:Movement I 601:Bärenreiter 559:Joseph Böhm 442:Carl Czerny 352:Composition 287:masterpiece 6896:Categories 6799:No. 4 in B 6783:No. 3 in E 6740:Symphonies 6622:Ode to Joy 6531:Eric Owens 5971:22 January 5764:1410105741 5533:6 February 5493:Classic FM 5154:9 February 4860:Wikisource 4776:Cook 1993b 4764:Cook 1993b 4752:Cook 1993b 4620:Cook 1993b 4571:Cook 1993b 4355:Sachs 2010 4319:Sachs 2010 4307:Cook 1993b 4204:, p. 4189:, p. 4187:Sachs 2010 3900:References 3893:Niels Gade 3861:Robert Kyr 3805:See also: 3659:media help 3590:Current TV 3564:RCA Victor 3487:Bolshevism 3466:Ode to Joy 3335:, and Sir 3313:RCA Victor 3223:Lucia Popp 3059:Ino Savini 2655:Ode to Joy 2083:explains: 2019:Ode to Joy 2013:IV. Finale 1853:punctuated 1795:fortissimo 1747:pianissimo 1735:exposition 984:media help 962:IV. 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Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)

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