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To systems scientists, the world can be understood as a system of systems. The field aims to develop transdisciplinary foundations that are applicable in a variety of areas, such as psychology, biology, medicine, communication, business, technology, computer science, engineering, and social sciences.
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The systems sciences are a broad array of fields. One way of conceiving of these is in three groups: fields that have developed systems ideas primarily through theory; those that have done so primarily through practical engagements with problem situations; and those that have applied ideas for other
909:
over time. It offers "simulation technique for modeling business and social systems", which deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behavior of the entire system. What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of
850:
Systems analysis branch of systems science that analyzes systems, the interactions within those systems, or interaction with its environment, often prior to their automation as computer models. Systems analysis is closely associated with the
547:' can become wildly unstable (and thus destructive). Concerns about Earth-scale biosphere/geosphere dynamics is an example of the nature of problems to which systems science seeks to contribute meaningful insights.
1345:. He defined systems science as "the ordered arrangement of knowledge acquired from the study of systems in the observable world, together with the application of this knowledge to the design of man-made systems".
1381:
Managing
Business Complexity : Discovering Strategic Solutions with Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation: Discovering Strategic Solutions with Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation.
1438:
1321:
1234:
Ison, Ray. Systems
Practice: How to Act: In situations of uncertainty and complexity in a climate-change world, 2nd ed, 2017. Springer, p. 33
836:(born 18 December 1930, in Birmingham, UK), a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University.
543:, and (c) complex (often subtle) trajectories of dynamic behavior that sometimes are stable (and thus reinforcing), while at various '
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958:, or other forms of high-level modelling and design in specific fields of engineering. Systems Science is foundational to the
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Themes commonly stressed in system science are (a) holistic view, (b) interaction between a system and its embedding
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Graeme Donald Snooks, "A general theory of complex living systems: Exploring the demand side of dynamics",
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Dealing with
Complexity: An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science (2nd Edition)
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1246:"A systems science perspective and transdisciplinary models for food and nutrition security"
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Center for
Complex Adaptive Agent Systems Simulation Argonne National Laboratory (2007)
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Li D. Xu, "The contributions of
Systems Science to Information Systems Research",
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Control: Technology and Social Impact" in:
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that is founded in the embedded requirements of
Systems Engineering.
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1322:"Understanding Systems Science: A Visual and Integrative Approach"
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Vol. 11. Franz L. Alt & Morris
Rubinoff eds. (1971). p. 362
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1357:. 1981. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester: Wiley.
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field that is concerned with understanding simple and complex
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Critical
Systems Thinking and the Management of Complexity
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Systems engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary field of
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1419:, "Fifty Years of Systems Science:Further Reflections",
1394:
Systems Engineering: A 21st Century Systems Methodology.
1481:, Society for General Systems Research, Vol 1., 1956.
1003:
1221:
1462:Systems Science and World Order: Selected Studies
2211:
1537:Institute of System Science Knowledge (ISSK.org)
905:is an approach to understanding the behavior of
1250:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
869:Systemic design integrates methodologies from
820:The soft systems methodology was developed in
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1541:International Society for the System Sciences
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34:Impression of systems thinking about society
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1454:, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001.
795:Operations research and management science
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1244:Hammond, Ross A.; Dubé, Laurette (2012).
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1486:Systems Research and Behavioral Science,
978:Earth systems engineering and management
29:
1503:Systems Research and Behavioral Science
1451:Facets of Systems Science (2nd Edition)
1421:Systems Research and Behavioral Science
1329:Systems Research and Behavioral Science
1008:
14:
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828:Systems Department through a ten-year
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1501:, "A proposal for Systems Science",
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2134:Systems theory in political science
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832:programme. The main contributor is
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228:Evolutionary developmental biology
25:
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1004:Applications in other disciplines
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1546:American Society for Cybernetics
1467:G. E. Mobus & M. C. Kalton,
1302:G. E. Mobus & M. C. Kalton,
1134:
700:List of types of systems theory
395:Ordinary differential equations
2124:Systems theory in anthropology
1505:, 20, 2003, pp. 507–520.
1423:, 22, 2005, pp. 355–361.
1386:
1383:Oxford University Press. p. 55
1373:
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988:Enterprise systems engineering
973:Biological systems engineering
706:Systems theory in anthropology
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266:Partial differential equations
27:Study of the nature of systems
13:
1:
2129:Systems theory in archaeology
1469:Principles of Systems Science
1318:(1974, p. 229); as cited by:
1304:Principles of Systems Science
1207:
1044:Computational systems biology
960:Embedded Software Development
746:Sociotechnical systems theory
579:
1411:Education in Systems Science
721:Developmental systems theory
7:
1488:17, 2000, pp. 105–116.
1320:Hieronymi, Andreas (2013).
1126:
565:Chaos and dynamical systems
115:Particle swarm optimization
10:
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1471:, 2015, New York:Springer.
1306:, 2015, New York:Springer.
1141:Systems science portal
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262:Reaction–diffusion systems
91:Self-organized criticality
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1625:Coupled human–environment
1598:
1533:Principia Cybernetica Web
1392:Derek K. Hitchins (2008)
790:Critical systems thinking
784:Critical systems thinking
716:Ecological systems theory
646:Perceptual Control Theory
203:Artificial neural network
1151:Evolutionary prototyping
816:Soft systems methodology
810:Soft systems methodology
656:Second-Order Cybernetics
575:Dynamical systems theory
454:Evolutionary game theory
344:Second-order cybernetics
208:Evolutionary computation
124:Collective consciousness
1958:Charles A. S. Hall
1271:10.1073/pnas.0913003109
826:University of Lancaster
666:Artificial Intelligence
641:Engineering Cybernetics
232:Artificial intelligence
146:Social network analysis
111:Ant colony optimization
83:Collective intelligence
1878:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
1368:Advances in computers,
726:General systems theory
688:General systems theory
671:Synthetic Intelligence
661:Cyber-Physical Systems
651:Management Cybernetics
496:, also referred to as
445:Rational choice theory
270:Dissipative structures
35:
2155:Principia Cybernetica
1868:Anthony Stafford Beer
1738:Sociotechnical system
1116:Family systems theory
731:Living systems theory
603:Affect control theory
373:Theory of computation
236:Evolutionary robotics
103:Agent-based modelling
33:
2018:Mihajlo D. Mesarovic
1993:Edward Norton Lorenz
1948:Jay Wright Forrester
1753:World-systems theory
1728:Earth system science
1196:World-systems theory
1059:Systems neuroscience
1015:Earth system science
1009:Earth system science
956:communication system
824:by academics at the
756:World-systems theory
424:Coupled map lattices
390:Time series analysis
150:Small-world networks
1893:Kenneth E. Boulding
1556:Cybernetics Society
1262:2012PNAS..10912356H
1256:(31): 12356–12363.
929:Systems engineering
923:Systems engineering
801:Operations research
636:Conversation Theory
608:Control engineering
545:boundary conditions
449:Bounded rationality
407:Population dynamics
316:Conversation theory
216:Genetic programming
141:Scale-free networks
73:Collective behavior
2023:James Grier Miller
1978:Faina M. Kirillova
1938:Heinz von Foerster
1928:Edsger W. Dijkstra
1888:Alexander Bogdanov
1873:Richard E. Bellman
1848:William Ross Ashby
1551:UK Systems Society
1516:Michael C. Jackson
1436:, Ewart R Carson,
1181:System equivalence
1166:System engineering
1105:Systems psychology
1099:Systems psychology
1054:Systems immunology
983:Electronic systems
805:Management science
683:Information theory
677:Information theory
560:Theoretical fields
440:Prisoner's dilemma
385:Nonlinear dynamics
340:Operationalization
336:Information theory
212:Genetic algorithms
36:
2207:
2206:
2088:Manuela M. Veloso
2003:Humberto Maturana
1943:Stephanie Forrest
1913:C. West Churchman
1838:Russell L. Ackoff
1824:
1823:
1696:Positive feedback
1691:Negative feedback
1417:Kenneth D. Bailey
1409:B. A. Bayraktar,
1341:10.1002/sres.2215
1088:Ecosystem ecology
1071:Systems chemistry
1065:Systems chemistry
1049:Synthetic biology
968:Aerospace systems
948:signal processing
736:LTI system theory
551:Associated fields
506:transdisciplinary
491:
490:
278:Cellular automata
252:Pattern formation
183:Adaptive networks
87:Collective action
56:Self-organization
18:Systems scientist
16:(Redirected from
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2083:Francisco Varela
1815:Systems thinking
1748:Urban metabolism
1711:
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1499:John N. Warfield
1429:10.1002/sres.711
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1121:Systemic therapy
998:Systems analysis
993:Software systems
916:stocks and flows
883:Systems dynamics
877:Systems dynamics
871:systems thinking
853:RAND corporation
846:Systems analysis
840:Systems analysis
779:Systems thinking
773:Practical fields
768:Hierarchy theory
762:Hierarchy Theory
498:systems research
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360:Systems thinking
286:Self-replication
224:Machine learning
178:Dynamic networks
99:Phase transition
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2053:Anatol Rapoport
2038:Talcott Parsons
2013:Donella Meadows
1988:Allenna Leonard
1908:Mary Cartwright
1903:Kathleen Carley
1863:Gregory Bateson
1858:Béla H. Bánáthy
1820:
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1686:Limiting factor
1681:Leverage points
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1592:Systems science
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1522:, 2019 , Wiley.
1475:Anatol Rapoport
1434:Robert L. Flood
1413:, 1979, 369 pp.
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1404:Further reading
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1032:Systems biology
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1021:Climate systems
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952:control systems
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907:complex systems
903:System dynamics
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897:Donella Meadows
889:Social dynamics
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859:Systemic design
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830:action research
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552:
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500:, or, simply,
489:
488:
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438:
433:
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429:
428:
415:Multistability
388:
383:
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379:
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348:Self-reference
309:
302:Systems theory
300:
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296:
295:
255:
250:
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201:
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139:
134:
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95:Herd mentality
76:
71:
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67:
66:
59:
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53:
50:
49:
45:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2237:
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2200:
2199:
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2178:
2176:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2156:
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2148:
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2145:
2143:Organizations
2141:
2135:
2132:
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2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Kevin Warwick
2091:
2089:
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2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
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2036:
2034:
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2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Margaret Mead
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Lydia Kavraki
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
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1954:
1953:Barbara Grosz
1951:
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1853:Ruzena Bajcsy
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1676:Doubling time
1674:
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1199:
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1024:
1022:
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989:
986:
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949:
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936:
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917:
913:
908:
904:
901:
900:
898:
894:
893:Jay Forrester
890:
884:
874:
872:
866:
856:
854:
847:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
817:
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791:
780:
769:
757:
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749:
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742:
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734:
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724:
722:
719:
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709:
707:
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703:
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695:
684:
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652:
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639:
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634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
598:
587:
576:
572:
557:
556:disciplines.
548:
546:
542:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
484:
479:
477:
472:
470:
465:
464:
462:
461:
455:
452:
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441:
436:
431:
430:
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416:
412:
408:
404:
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396:
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386:
381:
380:
374:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:Goal-oriented
325:
321:
317:
312:
307:
303:
298:
297:
292:
291:Geomorphology
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
253:
248:
247:
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239:
237:
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155:
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147:
142:
137:
132:
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125:
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120:
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108:
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100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
74:
69:
68:
62:
57:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
40:
39:
32:
19:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2117:Applications
2073:Katia Sycara
1973:James J. Kay
1963:Mike Jackson
1898:Murray Bowen
1796:Pharmacology
1791:Neuroscience
1591:
1519:
1502:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1468:
1461:
1458:Ervin László
1449:
1437:
1420:
1410:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1350:
1332:
1328:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1230:
1216:
868:
849:
819:
571:Chaos theory
554:
538:
534:
501:
497:
493:
492:
443:
393:
355:
314:
260:
241:Evolvability
206:
162:Graph theory
144:
81:
2063:Peter Senge
2058:John Seddon
2048:Qian Xuesen
1983:George Klir
1786:Engineering
1723:Cybernetics
1705:Theoretical
1655:Recommender
1645:Multi-agent
1640:Information
1161:Cybernetics
1093:Agroecology
940:engineering
631:Autopoiesis
625:Cybernetics
619:Cybernetics
541:environment
522:engineering
435:Game theory
419:Bifurcation
399:Phase space
364:Sensemaking
332:Homeostasis
311:Autopoiesis
306:cybernetics
274:Percolation
2214:Categories
2078:Eric Trist
1933:Fred Emery
1830:Scientists
1806:Psychology
1801:Philosophy
1630:Ecological
1615:Biological
1493:Complexity
1208:References
1111:Ergonomics
914:loops and
887:See also:
777:See also:
698:See also:
580:Complexity
532:, itself.
526:technology
403:Attractors
198:adaptation
170:Robustness
154:Centrality
1743:Systemics
1191:Tektology
1176:Systemics
950:systems,
194:Evolution
61:Emergence
2174:Category
1776:Dynamics
1766:Analysis
1669:Concepts
1635:Economic
1290:22826247
1127:See also
912:feedback
324:Feedback
257:Fractals
136:Networks
2198:Commons
1781:Ecology
1771:Biology
1650:Nervous
1620:Complex
1477:(ed.),
1464:, 1983.
1442:, 1993.
1281:3411994
1258:Bibcode
944:systems
822:England
530:science
518:society
510:systems
504:, is a
502:systems
368:Variety
320:Entropy
166:Scaling
2186:Portal
1811:Theory
1707:fields
1660:Social
1600:System
1396:p. 100
1288:
1278:
1222:"IFSR"
1156:Holism
895:, and
514:nature
158:Motifs
48:Topics
1603:types
1325:(PDF)
411:Chaos
2150:List
1286:PMID
954:and
931:and
803:and
573:and
528:and
516:and
304:and
196:and
1610:Art
1507:doi
1425:doi
1337:doi
1276:PMC
1266:doi
1254:109
512:in
2216::
1518:,
1460:,
1448:,
1333:30
1331:.
1327:.
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1248:.
891:,
855:.
524:,
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1813:(
1584:e
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1427::
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1339::
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1268::
1260::
1224:.
918:.
482:e
475:t
468:v
20:)
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