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504:, groups of two people, synchronization has been demonstrated to increase affiliation, self-esteem, compassion and altruistic behaviour and increase rapport. During arguments, synchrony between the arguing pair has been noted to decrease; however, it is not clear whether this is due to the change in emotion or other factors. There is evidence to show that movement synchronization requires other people to cause its beneficial effects, as the effect on affiliation does not occur when one of the dyad is synchronizing their movements to something outside the dyad. This is known as interpersonal synchrony.
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301:. Poincaré phase oscillators are model systems that can interact and partially synchronize within random or regular networks. In the case of global synchronization of phase oscillators, an abrupt transition from unsynchronized to full synchronization takes place when the coupling strength exceeds a critical threshold. This is known as the
325:. According to the so-called Binding-By-Synchrony (BBS) Hypothesis a precise temporal correlation between the impulses of neurons ("cross-correlation analysis") and thus a stimulus-dependent temporal synchronization of the coherent activity of subpopulations of neurons emerges. Moreover, this synchronization mechanism circumvents the
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There has been dispute regarding the true effect of synchrony in these studies. Research in this area detailing the positive effects of synchrony, have attributed this to synchrony alone; however, many of the experiments incorporate a shared intention to achieve synchrony. Indeed, the
Reinforcement
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of
Cooperation Model suggests that perception of synchrony leads to reinforcement that cooperation is occurring, which leads to the pro-social effects of synchrony. More research is required to separate the effect of intentionality from the beneficial effect of synchrony.
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is the idea that moving in time evokes particular emotions. This sparked some of the first research into movement synchronization and its effects on human emotion. In groups, synchronization of movement has been shown to increase conformity, cooperation and trust.
127:. In some territories, companies shared a single railroad track and needed to avoid collisions. The need for strict timekeeping led the companies to settle on one standard, and civil authorities eventually abandoned local mean time in favor of railway time.
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Werning, M. (2012). Non-symbolic compositional representation and its neuronal foundation: Towards an emulative semantics. In M. Werning, W. Hinzen & E. Machery (eds.), The Oxford handbook of compositionality (pp. 633-654). Oxford
University Press.
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Singer, W. (2013a). The neuronal correlate of consciousness: Unity in time rather than space? Neurosciences and the Human Person: New
Perspectives on Human Activities Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Scripta Varia. Vol. 121. Vatican City. 2013. From:
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Engel, A. K., König, P., Gray, C. M. & Singer, W. (1990). Stimulus-dependent neuronal oscillations in cat visual cortex: Intercolumnar interaction as determined by cross-correlation analysis. European
Journal of Neuroscience, 2,
153:. A clock signal simply signals the start or end of some time period, often measured in microseconds or nanoseconds, that has an arbitrary relationship to any other system of measurement of the passage of minutes, hours, and days.
536:
to synchronize audio and video. In movie and television production it is necessary to synchronize video frames from multiple cameras. In addition to enabling basic editing, synchronization can also be used for
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In a different sense, electronic systems are sometimes synchronized to make events at points far apart appear simultaneous or near-simultaneous from a certain perspective. Timekeeping technologies such as the
911:
Singer, W. (2009a). Consciousness and neuronal synchronization. In S. Laureys & G. Tononi: The neurology of consciousness: Cognitive neuroscience and neuropathology (pp. 43-52). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
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308:. Synchronization is an emergent property that occurs in a broad range of dynamical systems, including neural signaling, the beating of the heart and the synchronization of fire-fly light waves.
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Singer, W. (1999a). Binding by neural synchrony. In R. A. Wilson & F. C. Keil (eds.): The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences (pp. 81-84). Cambridge, MA, London: The MIT Press.
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Synchronization of movement is defined as similar movements between two or more people who are temporally aligned. This is different from mimicry, which occurs after a short delay.
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Bechtel, W. & Abrahamsen, A.A. (2002). Connectionism and the Mind: Parallel
Processing, Dynamics, and Evolution in Networks. 2nd Edition. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
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Richardson, Michael J.; Marsh, Kerry L.; Schmidt, R. C. (1 February 2005). "Effects of visual and verbal interaction on unintentional interpersonal coordination".
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by more effectively identifying the signature of synchronous neuronal signals as belonging together for subsequent (sub-)cortical information processing areas.
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Singer, W. (2009b). Neural synchrony and feature binding. In L.R. Squire (Ed.) Encyclopedia of
Neuroscience. Vol. 6 (pp. 253-259). Oxford: Academic Press.
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Synchronization was important in the operation of 19th-century railways, these being the first major means of transport fast enough for differences in
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Dong, Ping; Dai, Xianchi; Wyer, Robert S. (1 January 2015). "Actors conform, observers react: the effects of behavioral synchrony on conformity".
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systems usually require some synchronization mechanism to ensure that the receiving cipher is decoding the right bits at the right time.
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360:. According to this theory, all reactions occurring in a living cell are synchronized in terms of quantities and timescales to maintain
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Albert
Einstein proved in 1905 in his first relativity paper that there actually are no such things as absolutely simultaneous events.
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between nearby towns to be noticeable. Each line handled the problem by synchronizing all its stations to headquarters as a standard
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In cognitive neuroscience, (stimulus-dependent) (phase-)synchronous oscillations of neuron populations serve to solve the general
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that bring the toothed rotating parts (gears and splined shaft) to the same rotational velocity before engaging the teeth.
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where streams of sampled data are manipulated. Synchronization of image and sound was an important technical problem in
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of cognitive neuroscience in perceptual cognition ("feature binding") and in language cognition ("variable binding").
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Cognitive science: Integrative synchronization mechanisms in cognitive neuroarchitectures of the modern connectionism
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that attempt to perform arbitration in one clock cycle. Synchronizers, unlike arbiters, are prone to failure. (See
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Hołyst, Robert; Bubak, Grzegorz; Kalwarczyk, Tomasz; Kwapiszewska, Karina; Michalski, Jarosław; Pilz, Marta (2024).
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Condon, W. S.; Ogston, W. D. (1 October 1966). "Sound film analysis of normal and pathological behavior patterns".
20:
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Hove, Michael J.; Risen, Jane L. (2009). "It's All in the Timing: Interpersonal
Synchrony Increases Affiliation".
1841:
948:
Singer, W. (2018). Neuronal oscillations: unavoidable and useful? European
Journal of Neuroscience 48, 2389-2399.
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1692:." 2010 IEEE/ACM 14th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications. IEEE, 2010.
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In cognitive science, integrative (phase) synchronization mechanisms in cognitive neuroarchitectures of modern
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Time-keeping and synchronization of clocks is a critical problem in long-distance ocean navigation. Before
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Singer, W. (1999). Neuronal synchrony: A versatile code for the definition of relations. Neuron, 24, 49-65.
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Malsburg, C. von der (1999). The what and why of binding: The modeler's perspective. Neuron, 24, 95-104.
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Valdesolo, Piercarlo; Desteno, David (1 April 2011). "Synchrony and the social tuning of compassion".
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607:. Some applications require that relative offsets between events be determined. For others, only the
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revolutionized marine navigation. By the end of the 19th century, important ports provided
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There is a concept that the synchronization of biochemical reactions determines biological
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Singer, W. (2013b). Cortical dynamics revisited. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17, 616-626.
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timescale and are used for many terrestrial synchronization applications of this kind.
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to deal with asynchronous inputs. There are also electronic digital circuits called
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Integrative synchronization mechanisms in connectionist cognitive Neuroarchitectures
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that include coupled oscillators (e.g."Oscillatory Networks") are used to solve the
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The algebraic mind. Integrating connectionism and cognitive science. Bradford Book
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Synchronization of images from multiple cameras to reconstruct a moving human
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is required when multiple generators are connected to an electrical grid.
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1573:"Let's dance together: synchrony, shared intentionality and cooperation"
1459:"Strangers in sync: Achieving embodied rapport through shared movements"
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Ellamil, Melissa; Berson, Josh; Margulies, Daniel S. (1 January 2016).
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so that mariners could check and correct their chronometers for error.
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Synchronization is also an important concept in the following fields:
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2011:
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1719:"Mathematical synchronization of image and sound in an animated film"
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Lumsden, Joanne; Miles, Lynden K.; Macrae, C. Neil (1 January 2014).
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Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
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Reddish, Paul; Fischer, Ronald; Bulbulia, Joseph (1 January 2013).
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Vacharkulksemsuk, Tanya; Fredrickson, Barbara L. (1 January 2012).
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www.casinapioiv.va/content/dam/accademia/pdf/sv121/sv121-singer.pdf
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51:. Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be
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Introduction to Modern Dynamics: Chaos, Networks, Space and Time
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to complete a task with correct runtime order and no unexpected
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165:(NTP) provide real-time access to a close approximation to the
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A mechanical demonstration of synchronization of oscillators:
1640:"Influences on and Measures of Unintentional Group Synchrony"
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1365:"Sync or sink? Interpersonal synchrony impacts self-esteem"
100:
in conjunction with astronomical observations to determine
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Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
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Some systems may be only approximately synchronized, or
180:), synchronization is the coordination of simultaneous
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1313:"Synchrony and Cooperation – PubMed – Search Results"
1081:"Living Cell as a Self-Synchronized Chemical Reactor"
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Comparison of synchronous and asynchronous signalling
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has many difficulties, both in practice and theory.)
104:
their vessel traveled. The invention of an accurate
47:
of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or
16:
Coordination of events to operate a system in unison
72:can occur between systems around the world through
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557:are needed in digital electronic systems such as
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1514:Paxton, Alexandra; Dale, Rick (1 January 2013).
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112:in the form of a signal gun, flag, or dropping
145:terms, for digital logic and data transfer, a
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1520:Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
1271:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1234:McNeill, William Hardy (30 September 1997).
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478:Troops use synchronization to learn teamwork
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1516:"Argument disrupts interpersonal synchrony"
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39:is the coordination of events to operate a
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875:"The Surprising Secret of Synchronization"
83:
2733:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
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1463:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
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1132:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
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462:Learn how and when to remove this message
2601:Basic interpersonal communicative skills
724:Order synchronization and related topics
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293:Synchronization of multiple interacting
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27:
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528:. More sophisticated film, video, and
398:Please improve this section by adding
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2463:High-context and low-context cultures
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687:Synchronization (alternating current)
137:Synchronization in telecommunications
2812:Computer processing of body language
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411:"Synchronization" body movement
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2827:List of facial expression databases
2817:Emotion recognition in conversation
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194:synchronization (computer science)
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2711:Childhood disintegrative disorder
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516:Synchronization is important in
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21:Synchronization (disambiguation)
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297:can occur when the systems are
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702:Synchronizer (disambiguation)
400:secondary or tertiary sources
1598:10.1371/journal.pone.0071182
1533:10.1080/17470218.2013.853089
1240:. Harvard University Press.
1044:, The MIT Press, Cambridge,
990:. CRC Press, Boca Raton/FL,
682:Synchronism (disambiguation)
637:Double-ended synchronization
567:metastability in electronics
59:—and those that are not are
43:in unison. For example, the
7:
2728:Nonverbal learning disorder
2306:Speech-independent gestures
2279:Facial Action Coding System
1098:10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00190
794:Asynchrony (disambiguation)
756:Video and audio engineering
614:
611:of the event is important.
78:time and frequency transfer
10:
3031:
2468:Interpersonal relationship
2269:Body-to-body communication
1475:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.07.015
1350:10.1521/soco.2009.27.6.949
549:alternator synchronization
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94:satellite-based navigation
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1029:10.1186/s40469-016-0010-8
2883:Behavioral communication
1657:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01744
1382:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01064
1237:Keeping Together in Time
815:
707:Synchronous conferencing
692:Synchronization of chaos
677:Reciprocal socialization
642:Einstein synchronisation
289:Synchronization of chaos
2323:Interpersonal synchrony
2224:Nonverbal communication
1644:Frontiers in Psychology
1369:Frontiers in Psychology
1246:2027/heb.04002.0001.001
858:Oxford University Press
511:
255:Synchronization (video)
84:Navigation and railways
2920:Monastic sign lexicons
2611:Emotional intelligence
2160:Video editing software
2134:Post-classical editing
697:Synchronization rights
479:
387:relies excessively on
299:autonomous oscillators
284:
143:electrical engineering
33:
2910:Impression management
2129:Soviet montage theory
1688:Moore, Carl, et al. "
1040:Marcus, G.F. (2001).
1004:10.1201/9781351043526
852:Nolte, David (2015).
672:Phase synchronization
647:Entrainment (physics)
627:Clock synchronization
590:Flash synchronization
477:
327:superposition problem
278:
250:Frame synchronization
163:Network Time Protocol
135:Further information:
31:
2925:Verbal communication
2878:Animal communication
2796:Targeted advertising
2313:Haptic communication
2149:Linear video editing
1724:12 June 2016 at the
1714:at Wikimedia Commons
1015:Maurer, H. (2016). "
750:Synchronization gear
745:Room synchronization
632:Data synchronization
102:how far east or west
74:satellite navigation
70:time synchronization
32:Synchronized dancers
19:For other uses, see
2934:Non-verbal language
2822:Gesture recognition
2669:Further information
2559:Emotion recognition
2510:Silent service code
1786:Attentional control
1589:2013PLoSO...871182R
1283:10.1037/pspi0000001
1085:J. Phys. Chem. Lett
986:Maurer, H. (2021).
730:Concurrency control
352:Biological networks
147:synchronous circuit
2960:Art and literature
2915:Meta-communication
2903:Passive-aggressive
2832:Sentiment analysis
2533:Non-verbal leakage
2154:Non-linear editing
2124:Continuity editing
740:Rendezvous problem
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362:biological network
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246:Telecommunication
178:parallel computing
106:marine chronometer
76:signals and other
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2274:Facial expression
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2175:Real-time editing
2139:In-camera editing
2076:Establishing shot
1987:Shot/reverse shot
1965:
1964:
1832:Multiple exposure
1710:Media related to
1526:(11): 2092–2102.
1255:978-0-674-50230-7
1091:(13): 3559–3570.
996:978-1-351-04352-6
667:Phase-locked loop
592:synchronizes the
539:3D reconstruction
532:applications use
518:digital telephony
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333:Cognitive science
295:dynamical systems
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263:Dynamical systems
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662:Mutual exclusion
494:Muscular bonding
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174:computer science
90:radio navigation
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2284:Microexpression
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2165:Offline editing
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2091:External rhythm
2086:Internal rhythm
2069:Kuleshov effect
2052:
2043:180-degree rule
2031:
2000:
1961:
1930:
1882:
1851:
1800:
1781:Synchronization
1764:
1759:
1726:Wayback Machine
1712:Synchronization
1702:
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559:microprocessors
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397:
393:primary sources
381:
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343:binding problem
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323:binding problem
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190:race conditions
161:satellites and
139:
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121:local mean time
86:
37:Synchronization
24:
17:
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11:
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3018:
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2853:Charles Darwin
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2549:Affect display
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2435:Social context
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2357:
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2343:Pupil dilation
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2170:Online editing
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2083:
2078:
2073:
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2071:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2048:30-degree rule
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
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1829:
1827:Points of view
1824:
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1715:
1701:
1700:External links
1698:
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1681:
1630:
1563:
1506:
1469:(1): 399–402.
1449:
1422:(2): 262–266.
1406:
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1138:(4): 338–347.
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772:SMPTE timecode
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605:plesiochronous
545:electric power
513:
510:
490:are examples.
470:
469:
384:
382:
375:
369:
368:Human movement
366:
353:
350:
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315:
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310:
303:Kuramoto model
264:
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2941:Sign language
2939:
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2807:
2803:
2797:
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2789:
2787:
2786:Freudian slip
2784:
2782:
2781:Lie detection
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2760:Mirror neuron
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:Limbic system
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2716:Rett syndrome
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
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2677:
2673:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Social skills
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:People skills
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Communication
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2588:
2584:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:Multi-faceted
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
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2496:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Display rules
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2423:Voice quality
2421:
2419:
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2261:
2260:Body language
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2181:
2180:Vision mixing
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2144:Video editing
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2106:Stock footage
2104:
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2099:
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2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
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2065:
2064:Reaction shot
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2027:Walk and talk
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Cut on action
1975:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1955:
1953:
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1948:
1947:Invisible cut
1945:
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1822:Eyeline match
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1583:(8): e71182.
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1050:0-262-13379-2
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841:
825:
821:
809:
805:
804:Synchronicity
802:
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619:
612:
610:
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601:
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587:
585:
584:synchronizers
581:
580:transmissions
576:
574:
570:
568:
564:
563:synchronizers
560:
556:
552:
550:
546:
541:
540:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:digital audio
519:
509:
505:
503:
498:
495:
491:
489:
488:military step
485:
476:
466:
463:
455:
452:February 2017
444:
441:
437:
434:
430:
427:
423:
420:
416:
413: –
412:
408:
407:Find sources:
401:
395:
394:
390:
385:This section
383:
379:
374:
373:
365:
363:
359:
349:
346:
344:
340:
339:connectionism
330:
328:
324:
309:
307:
304:
300:
296:
290:
282:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
245:
243:
240:
237:
234:(The idea of
233:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
196:for details.
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
154:
152:
148:
144:
138:
131:Communication
128:
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122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
81:
79:
75:
71:
66:
64:
63:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
26:
22:
2776:Cold reading
2769:Applications
2743:Neuroanatomy
2388:Paralanguage
2022:Slow cutting
1996:Flashforward
1982:Contrast cut
1970:Storytelling
1942:Fast cutting
1842:Split screen
1796:Parallel cut
1780:
1776:Choreography
1762:Film editing
1717:J. Domański
1684:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1341:
1337:
1316:. Retrieved
1307:
1277:(1): 60–75.
1274:
1270:
1264:
1236:
1229:
1189:(1): 62–79.
1186:
1182:
1176:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1065:
1041:
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972:
963:
953:
944:
935:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
878:
853:
824:
788:Compare with
735:Interlocking
657:Homochronous
652:Eskimo yo-yo
622:Atomic clock
602:
588:
577:
571:
562:
553:
542:
520:, video and
515:
506:
499:
492:
481:
458:
449:
439:
432:
425:
418:
406:
386:
364:functional.
355:
347:
336:
326:
320:
317:Neuroscience
312:Applications
292:
242:Synthesizers
236:simultaneity
224:Neuroscience
204:Cryptography
198:
176:(especially
171:
155:
151:clock signal
140:
125:railway time
118:
110:time signals
87:
80:techniques.
69:
67:
62:asynchronous
60:
56:
52:
48:
36:
35:
25:
2755:Limbic lobe
2520:Unconscious
2503:Missed call
2473:Social norm
2448:Conventions
2338:Eye contact
1921:Slow motion
1887:Timelapsing
1791:Master shot
578:Automotive
358:homeostasis
228:Photography
149:requires a
53:synchronous
3004:Categories
2888:Aggressive
2858:Paul Ekman
2841:Key people
2805:Technology
2791:Poker tell
2636:Social cue
2443:Chronemics
2393:Intonation
2237:Modalities
1847:Transition
1344:(6): 949.
1318:2 February
836:References
782:Word clock
573:Encryption
526:sound film
484:Line dance
422:newspapers
389:references
287:See also:
281:metronomes
214:Multimedia
2893:Assertive
2701:Fragile X
2686:Aprosodia
2679:Disorders
2626:Semiotics
2554:Deception
2360:Proxemics
2350:Olfaction
2333:Oculesics
2318:Imitation
2081:Long take
2017:Cross cut
2012:Smash cut
1992:Flashback
1904:Axial cut
1873:Long shot
1868:Match cut
1856:Insertion
1805:Technique
1607:1932-6203
1542:1747-0226
1483:0022-1031
1436:1931-1516
1291:1939-1315
1213:0096-1523
1191:CiteSeerX
1152:0022-3018
808:Carl Jung
596:with the
547:systems,
534:time code
186:processes
114:time ball
45:conductor
2723:Dyssemia
2569:Intimacy
2489:Emoticon
2398:Loudness
2328:Laughter
2264:Kinesics
2255:Blushing
2248:Physical
1957:Supercut
1916:Dissolve
1899:Jump cut
1863:Dialogue
1722:Archived
1676:27881968
1650:: 1744.
1625:23951106
1577:PLOS ONE
1550:24303888
1501:22389521
1444:21500895
1401:25285090
1375:: 1064.
1299:25437130
1221:15709863
1168:19384588
1117:38526849
1108:11000238
1023:. 2: 3.
958:588-606.
777:Timecode
767:Jam sync
615:See also
582:contain
555:Arbiters
209:Lip sync
3015:Systems
2977:Subtext
2898:Passive
2867:Related
2458:Habitus
2403:Prosody
2355:Posture
2296:Gesture
2117:Editing
2096:Footage
1952:Montage
1817:Cutaway
1769:Concept
1667:5101201
1616:3737148
1585:Bibcode
1558:9565508
1492:3290409
1416:Emotion
1392:4168669
1160:5958766
977:Oxford.
880:YouTube
762:Genlock
598:shutter
436:scholar
232:Physics
182:threads
68:Today,
57:in sync
49:in time
2951:Tadoma
2696:Autism
2651:Unsaid
2616:Nunchi
2493:Smiley
2413:Stress
2408:Rhythm
2378:Affect
2370:Speech
2101:B-roll
2005:Action
1926:Prelap
1878:Insert
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219:Rhythm
192:; see
41:system
2482:Other
2156:(NLE)
1935:Other
1812:Clues
1554:S2CID
1164:S2CID
816:Notes
714:(TSF)
609:order
594:flash
530:audio
502:dyads
443:JSTOR
429:books
2967:Mime
2418:Tone
2301:List
2057:Term
2036:Rule
1911:Wipe
1672:PMID
1621:PMID
1603:ISSN
1546:PMID
1538:ISSN
1497:PMID
1479:ISSN
1440:PMID
1432:ISSN
1397:PMID
1320:2017
1295:PMID
1287:ISSN
1250:ISBN
1217:PMID
1209:ISSN
1156:PMID
1148:ISSN
1113:PMID
1046:ISBN
992:ISBN
512:Uses
486:and
415:news
98:time
92:and
1894:Cut
1662:PMC
1652:doi
1611:PMC
1593:doi
1528:doi
1487:PMC
1471:doi
1424:doi
1387:PMC
1377:doi
1346:doi
1279:doi
1275:108
1242:hdl
1201:doi
1140:doi
1136:143
1103:PMC
1093:doi
1054:doi
1025:doi
1019:".
1000:doi
569:).
543:In
500:In
391:to
184:or
172:In
167:UTC
159:GPS
141:In
55:or
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