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30, there were eighteen S/360-67 sites attempting to run TSS. During the conference, IBM announced via "blue letter" that TSS/360 was being decommitted – a great blow to the time-sharing community. This decision was temporarily reversed, and TSS/360 was not officially canceled until
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characters or commas. Command lines can be continued by typing a hyphen ("-") at the end of the line to be continued and typing the continuation at the beginning of the next line. Multiple commands can be written on a line by separating them with semicolons (";"). Comments are allowed in command
972:
address of the new save area in register 13. A caller that follows Type I linkage conventions loads a V-constant for the routine into
General Register 15 (GR15) and copies an R-constant for the routine's PSECT into the 19th word of the save area pointed to be GR13 prior to calling that routines.
971:
in every process. A program that follows Type I linkage conventions is generally responsible at entry for saving its registers in the save area pointed to by register 13, retrieving the address of its PSECT from word 19 of the save area, chaining the save area to a new save area and putting the
1202:
TSS/8 was designed at
Carnegie-Mellon University with graduate student Adrian van de Goor, in reaction to the cost, performance, reliability, and complexity of IBM's TSS/360 (for their Model 67). Although the TSS/360 was not marketed, it eventually worked and contributed some ideas and trained
789:, but despite its many advances and novel capabilities, TSS failed to meet expectations and was eventually canceled. The Resident Supervisor of TSS/370 was used as the basis for a port of UNIX to the IBM mainframe. TSS/360 also inspired the development of the
781:. Made available on a trial basis to a limited set of customers in 1967, it was never officially released as a supported product by IBM. TSS pioneered a number of novel features, some of which later appeared in more popular systems such as
886:. The command name is one to eight characters without imbedded blanks. The operands are optional depending on the command, and must be separated from the command name by at least one blank. Multiple operands should be separated by
975:
When the dynamic loader loads a program, it makes a copy of the PSECT and relocates the adcons to reflect the virtual addresses assigned within the current process, therefore each user of the program has a unique copy of the PSECT.
866:) were given full access to the entire source of the operating system code and development tools. User-developed improvements and patches were frequently incorporated into the official source code.
1203:
thousands for IBM. At
Carnegie-Mellon (CMU), a TSS/8 operated until 1974 when the special swapping disk expired. The cost per user or per job tended to be about 1/20 of the TSS/360 system CMU ran.
737:
839:
TSS/360 included an early implementation of a "Table Driven
Scheduler" – a user-configured table whose columns were parameters such as current priority,
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lines, separated from the command with a semicolon and included in single quotes ("'"). Operands can be either positional or keyword, with the format "keyword=value".
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1057:, although those issues were eventually addressed. IBM attempted to develop TSS on a very aggressive schedule with a large staff of programmers to compete with
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Each procedure may have a read-only public CSECT, a writable private
Prototype Section (PSECT) and a writable save area, typically located in the PSECT.
920:
723:
1073:(TSO), a time-sharing monitor for OS/360. Several other groups developed less ambitious, more successful time sharing systems for the S/360-67, notably
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805:. A pair of Model 67 mainframes shared a common physical memory space, and ran a single copy of the kernel (and application) code. An
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1061:. By 1967, it had become evident that TSS/360 was suffering from the same kinds of delays as OS/360. In February 1968, at the time of
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of external procedures and entry points must be located in the PSECT, since the dynamic loader will not place a routine at the same
2097:
462:
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Felton, W. A.; Miller, G. L.; Milner, J. M. (October 1984). "The UNIX System : A UNIX System
Implementation for System/370".
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1971. However, TSS/360 continued to be quietly available for a time to existing TSS/360 customers, as an interim measure.
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The
Dynamic Loader does not load program pages or resolve address constants until the first page fault.
1222:. The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Software Engineering and Programming (1 ed.). San Francisco, USA:
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run a single copy of an executable possibly mapped to a different virtual addresses in each process.
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in the other. The Model 67 used a standard 360 instruction called Test and Set to implement
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used to date. The kernel would refer to this table when calculating the new priority of a
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as a migration path for existing TSS/360 customers, which went through multiple releases.
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TSS/360 suffered from performance and reliability problems and lack of compatibility with
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As was standard with operating system software at the time, TSS/360 customers (such as
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IBM System/360 Model 67 Time
Sharing System Preliminary Technical Summary (C20-1647-0)
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IBM System/360 Model 67-2. This is the computer model on which TSS/360 would have run
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IBM Time
Sharing System Assembler Programmer's Guide (GC28-2032-6)
2017:
2012:
1967:
1942:
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After TSS/360 was canceled, IBM put its primary efforts into the
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C. Gordon Bell; J. Craig Mudge; John E. McNamara (12 May 2014).
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TSS/360 was one of the first implementations of tightly coupled
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Time
Sharing System Command System User's Guide (GC28-2001-9)
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Computer Engineering: A DEC View of Hardware Systems Design
856:
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operation launched by one processor could end and cause an
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91:
1440:, contains PDFs for a large number of TSS manuals from IBM
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1421:
Describes the "second system syndrome" that affected TSS.
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782:
759:
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104:
1375:
Pugh, Emerson; Lyle R. Johnson; John H. Palmer (1991).
1081:, an early virtual machine monitor which evolved into
907:
Program management – LOAD, DUMP, DISPLAY, TRAP, etc.
1844:
1399:Describes the origin and schedule problems of TSS.
1376:
1208:
1148:
1298:IBM System/360 Time Sharing System Dynamic Loader
257:7040/7044 Operating System (16/32K) (7040-PR-150)
2089:
851:. This later appeared in systems as diverse as
773:designed exclusively for a special model of the
1342:
1314:
1304:(Fourth ed.). September 1971. GY28-2031-3.
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916:User profile – SYNONYM, DEFAULT, PROFILE, etc.
1830:
1459:
1434:, includes TSS/370 source and binary archives
904:Data management – CATALOG, DDEF, DELETE, etc.
731:
1473:
1218:(2000) . "Chapter 8: Loading and overlays".
1177:
1151:AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal
947:
901:Task management – LOGON, LOGOFF, ABEND, etc.
1289:
1021:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
16:1960s timesharing system for IBM mainframes
1837:
1823:
1466:
1452:
1115:History of IBM mainframe operating systems
919:Program product language interface – ASM (
738:
724:
208:History of IBM mainframe operating systems
1262:
1041:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
952:TSS provided an early implementation of
796:
749:
32:This article includes a list of general
1438:TSS/360 manual archive at BitSavers.org
1308:
2118:Computer-related introductions in 1967
2090:
1402:
1336:
1214:
1893:Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
1818:
1447:
1383:. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. pp.
1019:adding citations to reliable sources
986:
864:General Motors Research Laboratories
18:
910:Command creation – PROCDEF, BUILTIN
897:are divided into seven categories:
13:
1368:
1163:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1984.tb00063.x
882:. The command format consists of
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2134:
1425:
1190:. Elsevier Science. p. 180.
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2071:
2070:
1801:
1800:
1101:. IBM also provided the TSS/370
991:
956:, the ability to have different
90:
23:
2098:IBM mainframe operating systems
1908:Cray Time Sharing System (CTSS)
1379:IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems
1269:IBM Corporation (August 1976).
2108:Discontinued operating systems
2103:Time-sharing operating systems
1432:Public domain software archive
1409:. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
1315:IBM Corporation (April 1976).
1142:
1:
1860:Time-sharing system evolution
1403:Brooks, Frederick P. (1995).
1135:
1130:Timeline of operating systems
1120:Time-sharing system evolution
273:Miscellaneous S/360 line OSes
216:Early mainframe computer OSes
1125:History of operating systems
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459:(OS/VS2R2 and later) (1974)
7:
1878:Berkeley Timesharing System
1108:
1079:Cambridge Scientific Center
878:. Users interact with the
787:System/370 and 303x systems
134:; 57 years ago
10:
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2123:Assembly language software
260:1410/7010 Operating System
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954:position-independent code
948:Position-independent code
834:position-independent code
803:symmetric multiprocessing
187:
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128:
118:
110:
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89:
1715:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1656:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1505:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1343:IBM Corporation (1966).
937:PL/I Optimizing Compiler
777:line of mainframes, the
766:is a discontinued early
1873:BBN Time-Sharing System
53:more precise citations.
1552:DOS/360 and successors
1406:The Mythical Man-Month
1091:University of Michigan
876:command-line interface
785:. TSS was migrated to
755:
344:DOS/360 and successors
222:GM OS & GM-NAA I/O
182:Command-line interface
1564:OS/360 and successors
874:TSS provides users a
797:Novel characteristics
753:
407:OS/360 and successors
1015:improve this section
843:size, and number of
824:It also implemented
762:Time Sharing System
703:UNIX System Services
683:UNIX System Services
1220:Linkers and Loaders
1099:Stanford University
1071:Time Sharing Option
163:System/360 Model 67
86:
1324:. pp. 132–147
793:operating system.
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1475:Operating systems
1250:978-1-55860-496-4
1197:978-1-4832-2110-6
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965:Address constants
819:critical sections
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1973:ORVYL and WYLBUR
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1352:. pp. 47–50
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1157:(8): 1751–1767.
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1487:Supercomputer
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1396:
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1000:This section
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926:
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921:Assembler (F)
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531:
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394:
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379:
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369:VSE/AF (1979)
368:
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365:
362:
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350:
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340:
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262:(1410-PR-155)
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205:
198:
193:TSS/360: free
192:
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168:
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161:
157:
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149:
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127:
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117:
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111:Working state
109:
106:
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101:
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88:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2022:
1846:Time-sharing
1790:Fedora Linux
1759:Workplace OS
1616:System/88 OS
1541:
1405:
1378:
1356:December 25,
1354:. Retrieved
1345:
1338:
1328:December 25,
1326:. Retrieved
1317:
1310:
1297:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1271:
1264:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1186:
1179:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1068:
1052:
1037:
1028:
1013:Please help
1001:
978:
974:
962:
951:
941:FORTRAN (H))
894:
893:
887:
884:Command_Name
879:
873:
861:
838:
823:
800:
768:time-sharing
763:
757:
559:VM/SE (SEPP)
453:(SVS) (1972)
377:(1983, 1985)
308:RACS (1965)
290:
148:Available in
119:Source model
114:Discontinued
65:
56:
37:
1670:workstation
1387:–265, 596.
935:), PLIOPT (
841:working set
709:OpenSolaris
676:OpenEdition
669:OpenEdition
197:Proprietary
59:August 2010
51:introducing
2092:Categories
1888:CDC Kronos
1136:References
845:timeslices
775:System/360
433:OS/VS1 BPE
167:System/370
34:references
1519:mainframe
1077:at IBM's
1031:July 2020
1002:does not
983:Criticism
958:processes
939:), FTNH (
811:interrupt
643:Unix-like
195:TSS/370:
159:Platforms
100:Developer
2077:Category
1948:MUSIC/SP
1806:Category
1769:Trillian
1764:Monterey
1754:Taligent
1747:Projects
1678:Textpack
1257:Errata:
1242:42413382
1109:See also
933:PL/I (F)
931:), PLI (
927:, HASM (
855:and IBM
817:on code
779:Model 67
667:MVS/ESA
607:TPF line
582:VM/XA SP
576:VM/XA SF
570:VM/XA MA
469:MVS/SE 2
451:OS/VS2R1
324:MUSIC/SP
252:MIT CTSS
2018:TOPS-20
2013:TOPS-10
1968:OpenVMS
1943:Multics
1783:Related
1738:4690 OS
1733:4680 OS
1666:Desktop
1596:VM line
1542:TSS/360
1537:TOS/360
1532:BOS/360
1171:7425099
1089:at the
1059:Multics
1023:removed
1008:sources
764:TSS/360
681:OS/390
674:VM/ESA
662:AIX/ESA
656:AIX/370
517:VM line
487:MVS/ESA
442:(1967)
423:(1968)
381:VSE/ESA
366:(1979)
364:DOS/VSE
352:DOS/360
320:(1972)
314:(1966)
291:TSS/360
285:TOS/360
279:BOS/360
189:License
175:Default
153:English
137: (
47:improve
2075:
2053:VPS/VM
2048:VP/CSS
1993:RSTS/E
1978:OS4000
1963:NOS/VE
1903:CP/CMS
1683:PC DOS
1631:zLinux
1584:OS/390
1569:OS/VS1
1515:Server
1413:
1391:
1281:May 2,
1254:Code:
1248:
1240:
1230:
1194:
1169:
1093:, and
1083:VM/370
1055:OS/360
943:, etc.
849:thread
832:using
711:(2008)
705:(2001)
698:(2000)
691:(1999)
685:(1996)
678:(1995)
671:(1993)
664:(1991)
658:(1990)
652:(1981)
627:(2005)
621:(1979)
615:(1967)
596:(2000)
590:(1990)
588:VM/ESA
584:(1988)
578:(1985)
572:(1984)
566:(1980)
550:(1972)
548:VM/370
544:(1968)
542:VP/CSS
538:(1967)
529:(1967)
501:(2000)
495:(1995)
493:OS/390
489:(1988)
483:(1983)
481:MVS/XA
475:MVS/SP
471:(1979)
465:(1978)
463:MVS/SE
429:(1972)
427:OS/VS1
421:MFT II
417:(1966)
409:(1966)
395:(2021)
389:(2005)
383:(1991)
375:VSE/SP
360:(1972)
358:DOS/VS
354:(1965)
346:(1966)
326:(1985)
305:(1967)
299:(1967)
293:(1967)
287:(1965)
281:(1965)
254:(1961)
248:(1960)
242:(1959)
236:(1958)
230:(1957)
224:(1955)
36:, but
2058:WAITS
2028:TSS/8
1998:TENEX
1953:NLTSS
1933:MCTSS
1695:PC/IX
1688:DOS/V
1651:SRTOS
1621:IBM i
1527:IBSYS
1350:(PDF)
1322:(PDF)
1302:(PDF)
1276:(PDF)
1167:S2CID
1095:ORVYL
1075:CP-67
1063:SHARE
925:COBOL
815:locks
791:TSS/8
701:z/OS
694:z/VM
689:Linux
625:z/TPF
564:VM/SP
533:CP-67
524:CP-40
387:z/VSE
318:MUSIC
303:ORVYL
246:IBSYS
228:BESYS
2033:Unix
2008:TSOS
1983:Pick
1928:LTSS
1918:EMAS
1913:DTSS
1705:OS/2
1641:DPPX
1636:DPCX
1589:z/OS
1411:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1358:2021
1330:2021
1283:2015
1246:ISBN
1238:OCLC
1228:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1103:PRPQ
1006:any
1004:cite
857:z/OS
828:and
758:The
641:and
639:UNIX
594:z/VM
536:/CMS
527:/CMS
499:z/OS
446:65MP
234:UMES
139:1967
132:1967
2038:UTS
2023:TSS
2003:TSO
1988:RAX
1958:NOS
1938:MTS
1923:ITS
1898:COS
1774:K42
1710:AOS
1700:AIX
1646:SSP
1626:AIX
1611:CPF
1606:TPF
1601:ACP
1579:MVS
1574:SVS
1557:VSE
1547:RAX
1500:CNK
1495:INK
1479:IBM
1477:by
1385:362
1159:doi
1097:at
1087:MTS
1017:by
923:),
888:TAB
807:I/O
783:MVS
760:IBM
650:UTS
619:TPF
613:ACP
457:MVS
440:MVT
415:MFT
393:VSE
312:RAX
297:MTS
240:SOS
105:IBM
85:TSS
2094::
2043:VM
1668:,
1517:,
1244:.
1236:.
1226:.
1200:.
1165:.
1155:63
1153:.
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859:.
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1285:.
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66:(
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57:(
43:.
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