Talaat Pasha - Knowledge

1837: 7487: 6142: 6155: 1874: 1369:. Talaat was able to procure an important loan from the Régie to ensure success in retaking Adrianople. The Ottomans soon joined the war, retaking the city even though the great powers had forced the Ottomans to surrender Adrianople only months earlier. Talaat symbolically joined the army and took part in the recapture. This was a failure of diplomacy by the great powers; for Talaat and the committee, this moment made them learn to not take international diplomacy seriously if the situation on the ground reflected otherwise. He led the negotiations with Bulgaria in the 1147: 2269: 895:, mass surveillance, and censorship. This autocracy in turn produced a culture of suspicion as well as a spirit of clandestine rebellion in many Ottoman citizens, young Talaat included. He was caught sending a telegram saying "Things are going well. I'll soon reach my goal." He was confronted by the police for this telegram, and claimed that the message was to his dalliance, who defended him. With two of his friends from the post office, he was charged with tampering with the official telegraph and was arrested in 1893. 2180: 911:), where he became a postal clerk in July 1898. Between 1898 and 1908 he served as a postman on the staff of the Salonika Post Office, during which he continued his revolutionary activities in secret. He was promoted to municipal chief clerk in April 1903, following which he could afford to bring his mother and sisters to Salonika. His job in the postal administration gave him the opportunity to smuggle into the city newspapers published by the dissidents abroad. That year he joined the Salonica Freemason Lodge 800: 1510: 2425: 1795:. He was a major force behind the policies regarding the resettlement of Kurds and wanted to be informed of whether the Kurds would really be turkified or not and how they got along with the Turkish inhabitants in the areas where they had been resettled too. Talaat outlined that nowhere in the Empire's vilayets should the Kurdish population be more than 5%. To that end, Balkan Muslim and Turkish refugees were prioritised to be resettled in 1317: 72: 1643: 1709: 1988:, which was accomplished by September. Spring 1918 was the zenith of Unionist power and Talaat Pasha's political career, followed by a slow realization of defeat in WWI over the summer. In a conversation with Cavid, Talaat felt trapped between three "fires": Enver Pasha, who was becoming increasingly erratic and overly optimistic after the breakthrough in the Caucasus; the new sultan 2226:

Turkey's entry into the war "by a recourse to a number of vile tricks and deceitful means". They were also accused of "the massacre and destruction of the Armenians" and of trying to "pile up fortunes for themselves" through "the pillage and plunder" of their possessions. The indictment alleged that "The massacre and destruction of the Armenians were the result of decisions by the

1855:, while also retaining the Ministry of the Interior. This made him the first member of parliament to become a Prime Minister in Ottoman (and Turkish) history. This move completed the Unionist party-state, as he was both Grand Vizier and chairman of the Union and Progress Party. Talaat, at the time he became Grand Vizier, gained the title "Pasha". 4332:'I wish,' Talaat now said, 'that you would get the American life insurance companies to send us a complete list of their Armenian policy holders. They are practically all dead now and have left no heirs to collect the money. It of course all escheats to the State. The Government is the beneficiary now. Will you do so?' 1683:"Talat told Dr. Mordtman, the man in charge of the Armenian desk and the dragoman at the German Embassy at Istanbul, that Turkey was "intent on taking advantage of the war in order to thoroughly liquidate its internal foes, i.e., the indigenous Christians, without being thereby disturbed by foreign intervention." 2026: 1357:

instead asserts a rule of diarchy, with Talaat leader of the civilian government and Enver the military, especially after Cemal Pasha's dispatch to Syria. Kieser asserts his Ottoman Empire was not a totalitarian state, but a balance of many factions maintained through kickbacks and corruption. Strong

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According to Hayriye, Talaat had prophesied his own assassination, recalling that he said to her: "One day, someone will shoot me' said he. 'I will collapse, blood spilling from my forehead. I will not have the luxury to die, lying on bed. It doesn't matter; let them shoot me; the motherland shall

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is now the new leader. He held regular correspondences with Mustafa Kemal from Berlin. Unlike Enver, Kemal had friendly relations with Talaat, with Kemal addressing Talaat as his "brother" in their communiques. Even though he effectively endorsed Mustafa Kemal as his "successor", from Berlin Talaat

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of 1 June 1915 to 8 February 1916 that allowed for the mass deportation of Armenians, a principal means of carrying out what is now recognized as a genocide against Armenians. The deportees did not receive any humanitarian assistance and there is no evidence that the Ottoman government provided the

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had to acquiesce to the Savior Officers demands, and the parliament was dissolved with a new election to take place in autumn of 1912. It was no longer safe for Unionists to be in the open, and it was plausible that the CUP would be banned by the government. Talaat had to once again lay low, hiding

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from his wife. They learned in 1911 that they were not able to have children, but they adopted an orphan, Münevver, as their daughter. Hayriye joined Talaat in Berlin in spring 1920 and returned to Turkey after her husband's assassination. She remarried with Hamdi Bafralı in 1946, and they had two

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In his posthumously published memoirs, he propagated a "national myth – that all Ottoman Armenians were rebels, betrayers, secessionists, and that they were responsible for the massacres that took place in 1915–1916". The memoirs were published many times especially when the Armenian genocide was

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The British government continued to monitor Talaat's activities after the war. The British government had intelligence reports indicating that he had gone to Germany, and the British High Commissioner pressured Ferid Pasha and the Sublime Porte to request that Germany extradite him to the Ottoman

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was crucial to German grand strategy in the war, and good relations were needed. Following Russian breakthrough in the Caucasus and signs that Greece would side with the Allied powers after all, the CUP was finally able to resume operations against the Greeks of the empire, and Talaat ordered the

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that ran the Ottoman government until the end of World War I in October 1918. However historian Hans-Lukas Kieser asserts that this state of rule by triumvirate was accurate for only the years 1913–1914, and thereafter Talaat was the sole dictator of the Ottoman Empire, especially once he became

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and brought to trial the Ottoman leaders who had held positions of responsibility between 1914 and 1918 for having perpetrated the Armenian genocide. İzzet Pasha was pressured early on by the British to arrest Talaat, but he didn't order his arrest nor order his extradition from Germany until a

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to close all Armenian political organizations operating within the Ottoman Empire and arrest Armenians connected to them, justifying the action by stating that the organizations were controlled from outside the empire, were inciting upheavals behind the Ottoman lines, and were cooperating with

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By January 1919, a report to Sultan Mehmed VI accused over 130 suspects, most of whom were high officials. The indictment accused the main defendants, including Talaat, of being "mired in an unending chain of bloodthirstiness, plunder and abuses". They were accused of deliberately engineering

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The Ottoman signature political animal held up a distorting mirror to Europe. It showed the worst yet nevertheless real sides of Europe, scaled up. Unconcerned by rules and ethics, arguing that he saw both broken numerous times by the European powers, he began to use the ruthless arms of a

2356:, attending on behalf of the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II. The German foreign office sent a wreath with a ribbon saying, "To a great statesman and a faithful friend." Şakir, barely able to maintain his composure, read a funeral oration while the coffin was lowered into the grave, covered in an 1732:

It is no use for you to argue . . . we have already disposed of three quarters of the Armenians; there are none at all left in Bitlis, Van, and Erzeroum. The hatred between the Turks and the Armenians is now so intense that we have got to finish with them. If we don't, they will plan their

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due to the traumatic experience he had gone through during the genocide. Immediately after the assassination, Nazım and Şakir, the other two Turkish statesmen who were also staying in the area, received German police protection. Şakir would be assassinated a year later by another Dashnak.

1297:, as well as order the arrests against leading Freedom and Accord members and journalists in the subsequent state of emergency. However, with demands from the great powers to surrender Adrianople and a deteriorating military situation, Şevket Pasha and the CUP finally acknowledged defeat. 1870:, would later say similarly, Talaat Pasha believed that there was "only one civilization in the world , to be saved, must be joined to civilization." Another point brought up was cracking down on corruption, much of which he was responsible for and never followed through with. 2463:

described Talaat as "The strongest man of Young Turkey", a "man of will", a "unique and outstanding talent of statesmanship" who dominates "the whole state machine". Whereas "the sultan is a constitutional ruler, Talaat is an autocratic sultan." He called him "the Turkish

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Talaat had a powerful build and a dark complexion. His manners were gruff, which caused him to be expelled from the military secondary school at the age of sixteen without a certificate after a conflict with his teacher. Without earning a degree, he joined the staff of a

2004:, leaving no sufficient forces to check an advance on the Ottoman capital. With defeat certain (and growing unrest from years of unfettered corruption) Talaat Pasha announced his intention to resign on 8 October 1918 and lead a caretaker government for a few more days. 1182:, where the main topic of discussion was the CUP's lack of commitment to pluralism. The central committee voted against the opposition's points for cooperation, inflaming the already toxic political climate. On 21 November, 1911, the opposition united around the 1036:, what started out as an anti-Unionist demonstration in the capital quickly turned into an anticonstitutionalist-monarchist counter revolution where Abdul Hamid attempted to reestablish his autocracy. The Grand Vizier Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha was forced to resign for 906:

organization which was agitating against Abdul Hamid's autocracy. In 1896 he was imprisoned for having been part of a CUP cell together with his brother-in-law. Sentenced to three years in jail, Talaat was pardoned after serving two years but exiled to Salonika

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which this time included the CUP, and resumed fighting. Talaat and Enver urged Şevket Pasha to accept the Grand Vezierate, but mutual distrust between the generalissimo and the committee meant Talaat only came back as deputy Interior Minister, so he employed

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wanted the body; it would be a political liability to associate themselves with the man considered the worst criminal of World War I. Invitations from Hayriye and the Orient Club were sent to Talaat's funeral, and on 19 March, he was buried in the

2057:, Crimea and scattered from there. Before escaping the Ottoman Empire, he wrote a letter to İzzet Pasha promising his return to the country. Public opinion was shocked by the departure of Talaat Pasha, which left the country's politics in a sudden vacuum. 2590:, and farsighted founding father" in Turkey, where many schools, streets, and mosques are named after him. In Turkey, Talaat and the rest of the Three Pashas are only criticized for causing the Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I and its subsequent 2092:

in the Netherlands. He was also able to travel to Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, and Denmark. In all of these visits, he lobbied against the new Allied world-order, specifically against their designs on the Ottoman Empire. Behind bars for his role in the

2088:, under the pseudonym "Ali Sâî Bey". Next to his apartment he founded the "Oriental Club" (Şark Kulübü), where anti-Entente Muslims and European activists met. Though he was a wanted man in the Ottoman Empire and Britain, Talaat managed to attend the 1728:." In another exchange, he demanded from Morgenthau the list of the holders of American insurance policies belonging to Armenians in an effort to appropriate the funds to the state. Morgenthau refused. Talaat told him in a later conversation that: 2520:

documents from the interior ministry that Hayriye stored away containing data on Armenian deportatation and resettlement of Muhacirs in their place. Bardakçı went on to publish these documents, and an interview with Hayriye 27 years later, in

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On 24 April 1915 the Ministry of the Interior ordered the arrest of Armenian parliamentary deputies, former ministers, and some intellectuals. Thousands were arrested, including 2,345 in the capital, most of whom were subsequently executed

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of the Turkish embassy, Şükri Bey, were held at Talaat's apartment. Afterwards, a large procession accompanied the coffin to Matthäus, where he was interred. Many prominent Germans paid their respects, including former foreign ministers

2250:, a British intelligence agent. During this interview, Talaat maintained at several points that the CUP had always sought British friendship and advice, but claimed that Britain had never replied to such overtures in any meaningful way. 2105:) and frequently visited him with Enver at Moabit prison. Despite his mobility as a fugitive, his exile was one of practical poverty. At one point wishing to start a newspaper, he didn't have enough money to do so, so he wrote his 1257:. Talaat volunteered for the war, but was dismissed from the army for distributing political propaganda. The CUP's headquarters in Salonika had to be relocated to Constantinople when the city fell to Greece, while his hometown of 3196: 10461: 1564:

With the expectation that the new war would free the Empire of its constraints on its sovereignty by the great powers, Talaat went ahead with accomplishing major goals of the CUP; unilaterally abolishing the centuries-old

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and massacre. Talaat, who was a telegraph operator from a young age, had installed a telegraph machine in his own home and sent "sensitive" telegrams during the course of the deportations. This was confirmed by his wife

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Oddly enough, had Zia Bey lived to see the success of the Young Turk movement, after the revolution of 1908, he might have salaamed to Talaat, the Grand Vizier of the Young Turks, a Pomak gipsy. Such are the ironies of

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to meet with Talaat and support his network that assisted the Turkish nationalist movement from abroad. Through these efforts, he cobbled together a disparate coalition of Turkish nationalists, German nationalists, and

4938: 7520: 7145: 1992:, an anti-Unionist who was more assertive than his deceased half brother, and the Allied armies advancing from the West and the South. In October 1918, the British defeated both Ottoman armies they faced in the 6109: 981:

was secretary-general of the external CUP. After the revolution, Talaat's more radical and militant internal CUP would see themselves supplant the older cadre of Young Turks that was Rıza's network of exiles.

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in December. Following rumors that the government was willing to surrender Adrianople which was still under siege, Talaat and Enver began plotting a coup. The coup launched on 23 January 1913, known as the

1056:) to organize a separate national assembly from the volatile situation in Constantinople, and declared the change in government illegal. Relief came in the form of pro-constitutionalist forces known as the 973:. Under Talaat's initiative, the Salonika-based OFC merged with Ahmed Rıza's Paris-based CUP in September 1907, and the group became the internal center of the CUP in the Ottoman Empire. Talaat was briefly 7103: 1064:, which stopped in Ayastefanos before marching on the capital; it was secretly agreed there that Abdul Hamid would be replaced by his brother. After the reactionary revolt was crushed, Talaat bullied the 6311: 1634:

created more friction between the two organisations. However, the Unionists were still not yet confident enough to purge Armenians from politics or pursue policies of ethnic engineering. Victory of the

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states that many Jews engaged in "open propaganda for him and CUP causes" despite Talaat's involvement in genocide, and that this continued even after his death into the late twentieth century.

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for Abdul Hamid's deposition, and convinced Tevfik Pasha to step down and return Hilmi Pasha to the premiership. With the fatwa, the parliament voted to depose Abdul Hamid II. Talaat and

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Between 1911 and 1914 the Ottoman Empire negotiated with the European powers and the Dashnak Party on reform in the East. He attended multiple meetings with leading Armenian politicians

7556: 7427: 6519: 1186:. Talaat already had to step down as Interior Minister in March 1911 for his fellow committee-man Halil Menteşe. As a new election was called for 1912, Talaat made sure to be appointed 2165:

Talaat offered comments in the subsequent press conference, criticizing the putschists for their dilettantism, exclaiming "A putsch without a cabinet ready at hand was just childish."

7217: 7157: 7421: 7096: 5697:"A Hundred Years Ago: The Assassination of Mehmet Talaat (15 March 1921) and the Berlin Criminal Proceedings against Soghomon Tehlirian (2/3 June 1921): Background, Context, Effect" 1419:, however lack of trust between the old allies of the committee and the Dashnaks and growing radicalism within the CUP slowed negotiations. Under overwhelming diplomatic pressure, 7506: 6304: 1822:

of some 3.7 million amounted to 14% of the prewar population. According to the Ottoman Interior Ministry, the population of Ottoman Armenians decreased to 284,000 from 1,256,000.

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as a reluctant partner. With the latter's assassination, an autocratic triumvirate of CUP Central Committee members lead the Ottoman Empire, consisting of himself, Enver, and

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During this time tensions flared between Talaat and Enver. Enver won out in a conflict over prioritizing rationing in favor of the army. In response Talaat established the

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of the Young Turks, and turned to more radical politics. He and other high ranking CUP leaders organized and gave speeches in a pro-war rally against the Balkan nations in

9216: 7379: 7089: 5818: 2603: 1389:, which almost started a war with Greece. Talaat was confronted by the sultan when the sultan learned of the deportations, but insisted that the stories of persecution of 1029:. Talaat was easily elected into parliament as Union and Progress's candidate for deputy of Adrianople, and then was elected the parliament's deputy-president under Rıza. 999:

found themselves at the behest of a spontaneous revolution in 1908, which commenced with Niyazi and Enver's flight into the Albanian hinterlands. Talaat's role during the

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On 2 August 1915 Talaat told him that "that our Armenian policy is absolutely fixed and that nothing can change it. We will not have the Armenians anywhere in Anatolia.

1573:, and suspending the reform package for the Eastern Anatolian provinces that had been in effect for just seven months. This unilateral action prompted a joyous rally in 2489: 2218:, whose first order was the arrest of leading members of Union and Progress. Those who were caught were put under arrest at the Bekirağa division and were subsequently 1909:

was held in Turkish in a few select mosques in the capital. These pre-Kemalist secularisation and modernisation reforms paved the way for further and more far reaching

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in Tahsin's brother-in-law's house. By 1912 Talaat definitely abandoned the belief that constitutionalism and rule of law could unite the multi-ethnic and fragmented "

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was to organize a plot to assassinate the garrison commander of Salonika, Ömer Nazım, who was a Hamidian loyalist and spy master of the area. Nazım survived his hired

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extensive facilities and supplies that would have been necessary to sustain the life of hundreds of thousands of Armenian deportees during their forced march to the

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ships entered the Golden Horn. Talaat's remaining property was confiscated during Tevfik Pasha's premiership, which lasted until 4 March 1919. He was replaced by

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on 18 March though galvanized Talaat, and he decided to take action by starting the machinations of the destruction of Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire.

10536: 7403: 3098: 1917: 7271: 9442: 9120: 7433: 1656: 844:, an experience that contributed to Talaat's nationalism. His father died when Talaat was eleven years old, putting his mother and two sisters under his care. 695: 2716: 1636: 1561:. The resulting declarations of war saw many resign from the government, including Cavid, which saddened Talaat. He became finance minister in Cavid's place. 7664: 7592: 1738: 7658: 10486: 7586: 7568: 7199: 749:

meant defeat for the Ottomans and the downfall of the CUP, whereupon he resigned. On the night of 2–3 November 1918, Talaat Pasha and other members of the

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meant Talaat had to come to terms with the reality on the ground, which made him fall into a depression. He worked to keep morale afloat on the crumbling

951: 942:(OFC) was formed as another secret Young Turk organization based in Salonika. The founders of the OFC included Talaat, the CUP's future general secretary 10531: 10235: 6001: 1667:

politicians, clergymen, physicians, authors, journalists, lawyers, and teachers, the majority of whom were eventually murdered, including his colleagues

1405: 9544: 9534: 7646: 5704: 927:, where he took classes to supplement his lackluster education. The government was still monitoring his activities, and he was almost exiled again to 174: 10169: 5621:

Adak, Hülya (2007). "Identifying the "Internal Tumors" of World War I: Talat Paşa's hatıraları , or the Travels of a Unionist Apologia into History".

4207: 1521:, the Ottoman Empire was diplomatically isolated, which it paid for dearly through territorial losses in the Balkans. Therefore, on 9 May, Talaat and 763:

for subverting the constitution, profiteering from the war, and organizing massacres against Greeks and Armenians. Exiled in Berlin, he supported the

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Numerous diplomats and notable figures confronted Talaat Pasha over the deportations and news of massacres. He had several conversations with the

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Talaat Pasha delivered a farewell speech in the last CUP congress on 1 November, where it was decided to dissolve the party. With Enver, Cemal,

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due to widespread employment of electoral fraud and violence. As a result, Freedom and Accord organized a group in the military known as the

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several weeks earlier, these mass arrests in Constantinople are considered by many commentators to be the start of the Armenian genocide.

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was finally produced in December 1914, but it would be soon terminated under wartime conditions and an about-face by the committee on the

714:. He is widely considered the main perpetrator of the genocide, and is thus held responsible for the death of around 1 million Armenians. 9417: 9338: 9020: 5993: 4030: 1858:

On 15 February, Talaat Pasha gave a speech to parliament of his program, expressing his will to reform Ottoman society to be on par with

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with a single bullet as he came out of his Hardenbergstraße flat to purchase a pair of gloves. His assassin was a Dashnak agent from

2142: 1373:, which resulted in a population exchange and formalizing Ottoman reassertion of sovereignty over Adrianople. Talaat would negotiate 1091: 628: 589: 139: 5367: 1213:, something he wrote that he regretted once Şevket Pasha did so in support of the Savior Officers. Eventually, pro-CUP Grand Vizier 8986: 7067: 6239: 6117: 4208:"Exiled Armenians starve in the desert; Turks drive them like slaves, American committee hears ;- Treatment raises death rate" 10521: 6401: 4119:"Genocide as a Problem of National and International Law: The World War I Armenian Case and Its Contemporary Legal Ramifications" 2523: 2106: 2080:, signed the documents secretly allowing Talaat asylum in Germany, where he and Nazım settled in a flat at Hardenbergerstraße 4 ( 41: 10496: 9952: 5324: 4994: 2457:". Talaat's intentional falsehoods were noted by his contemporaries, and even some of his close friends considered him a liar. 2368:

rescinded Talaat's conviction, and then a house and a martyr's pension was granted to Talaat's family with a law passed by the

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from Çeplece, a nearby village. His mother Hürmüz was from a Turkish family that migrated to the region from Dedeler village,

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with injury, but the incident, as well as other assassinations carried out by the CUP during the revolution, intimidated the

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in his house while mob violence targeted MPs. Three days later, Talaat and 100 MPs escaped Constantinople for Ayastefanos (

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company as a postal clerk in Adrianople to provide for his family. His salary was not high, so he worked after hours as a

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of the society. He used both organizations as channels for his anti-Hamidian activism, as they were inaccessible for the

2315:)' " Mustafa Kemal Pasha remarked, "The motherland has lost her great son; the revolution has lost its great organizer." 1566: 1294: 1258: 5495: 4906: 3059:"Talat Paşa, 15 Mart 1921 yılında Sogomon Teyleryan (Makiryan) adlı bir Ermeni tarafından Berlin'de vurularak öldürüldü" 3002: 2975: 1760:, leading to the deaths of hundreds of thousands, however this anti-Assyrian policy couldn't be implemented nationally. 935:

was partial towards the secret committee and intervened, and Talaat returned to Salonika to work as a school principal.

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He was born in the province of Edirne (the westernmost part of Turkey) in 1874, the child of a farmer and a gypsy woman

2077: 2069: 1852: 1270: 1118:, wrote that Talaat was "the acknowledged head of the Committee of Union and Progress and the Young Turks." Biographer 864:. At the age of 21 Talaat was involved in a love affair with the daughter of the Jewish headmaster for whom he worked. 8687: 7832: 7820: 7778: 3623: 3372: 3095: 2296:, who had members of his family who were killed during the genocide. Tehlirian admitted to the shooting, but, after a 1836: 9566: 9412: 9145: 8820: 8468: 8205: 5767: 5469: 5279: 5027: 4988: 4886: 4861: 4126: 2929: 2886: 2740: 2369: 2277: 2150: 1977: 1819: 1768: 1697: 1660: 1111: 1045: 841: 784: 730: 557: 482: 7223: 857: 10556: 10026: 9450: 8965: 7343: 5922: 2612:

comparatively weak actor also wanting empire: extortion and aggression toward weaker ones who could not fight back.

2297: 2222:. Courts-martials were then organized to punish the CUP for the empire's ill-conceived involvement in World War I. 2174: 1705:, who stated that she often saw him using it to give direct orders to what she believed were provincial governors. 1664: 1206: 1087: 754: 5998: 2435:

Many of Talaat's contemporaries wrote of his charm but also of a melancholy spirit. Some occasionally noticed his

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Once Şevket Pasha was out of the picture due to his assassination on 12 July 1913, the CUP established a de facto

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wrote of the fall of Talaat and the CUP into a delusional "all or nothing" approach for salvation by war via the

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affirmed. Others drew similarities between Talaat and some of his contemporaries, such as Greek prime minister

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governors had much maneuverability to themselves, provided they execute Talaat and the central committee's new

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by organizing a counter government. Multiple crises in the Empire including the 31 March Incident, attacks on

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criticized Talaat and his colleagues for their policies during and immediately prior to the First World War.

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were put on hold as Germany wished for a Greek ally or neutrality, however for the sake of their alliance,

1235: 1014: 776: 746: 707: 608: 6983: 3143:. Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe. Springer International Publishing. pp. 21–36. 2404: 10586: 10541: 10526: 9769: 9630: 9505: 9268: 9246: 9196: 8875: 8865: 8770: 8483: 8473: 8463: 8300: 6245: 6014: 5221:

The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire

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Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2011). "Civil-Military Relations in the Second Constitutional Period, 1908–1918".

4447:"Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913–1950" 1094:

in Hilmi Pasha's cabinet reshuffle, becoming the second Unionist with a cabinet position (first being

943: 10139: 10108: 9321: 8960: 8526: 8351: 8305: 4685:

Johnson, Ian (2016). "The Faustian Pact: Soviet-German Military Cooperation in the Interwar Period".

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They believed that he lacked race and breeding; they scornfully reported that he was of gypsy origin.

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Talaat Pasha is widely considered one of the main architects of the Armenian Genocide by historians.

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for architecture, arts, and music. One particular piece of controversial social reform was the 1917 "

1518: 1428: 1279: 764: 10355: 10345: 8662: 6869: 6641: 6623: 6605: 6221: 3348:İstanbul Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul 2010 3066: 2689:", after gaining the "Bey" title, until he became Grand Vizier in 1917 and gained the "Pasha" title. 2126: 9556: 9301: 9226: 8980: 8536: 8516: 8506: 7718: 7688: 7283: 7205: 7019: 7007: 6707: 5796: 4355: 4349: 2964:

A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East

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not be stained with my death. For each Talaat passing away, one thousand Talaats shall come forth (

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in March 1918, with Talaat himself negotiating for the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the return of

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before 1908, but after late 1909 he had an increased interest in the new Central Committee member

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Kieser, Hans-Lukas; Anderson, Margaret Lavinia; Bayraktar, Seyhan; Schmutz, Thomas, eds. (2019).

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Talaat and his committee hoped to save the Ottoman Empire by quickly and decisively establishing

1472: 1382: 1107: 939: 722: 10390: 10340: 8896: 6767: 6491: 3136: 2383:, Talaat's remains were disinterred from Germany and transported to Turkey, where he received a 2337: 1960:

However territorial loss in the south coincided with diplomatic success with the signing of the

1910: 1600:

by relaying false information of successes in wars in the Balkans which weren't even happening.

9608: 8901: 8880: 8795: 7766: 7748: 7724: 7712: 7700: 7634: 7528: 7133: 6965: 6755: 6743: 6449: 6425: 6395: 6365: 6347: 5983: 5269: 2543: 2322:, but neither the Ottoman government in Constantinople nor the Turkish nationalist movement in 1954: 1873: 1593: 1068: 699: 10395: 10380: 10255: 8090: 8078: 7808: 7796: 7784: 7754: 7742: 7730: 7325: 7289: 7247: 7013: 6941: 6815: 5910: 4014: 1672: 1416: 1410: 1205:

to bring down the CUP dominated legislature. Talaat urged for Şevket Pasha, who was appointed

1175: 961:. He served on the Central Committee of the OFC with Rahmi and Canbulat. Many officers of the 932: 218: 10576: 10491: 10305: 10159: 10083: 9710: 9306: 9130: 9079: 9063: 8652: 8416: 8411: 8381: 7604: 7307: 7049: 6893: 6881: 6791: 6377: 5567: 4687: 3221: 2878: 2829: 2473: 2001: 1808: 1721: 1526: 1420: 1401: 1179: 1000: 829: 616: 7952: 7904: 7694: 6959: 6803: 6797: 6785: 5989:

Interview with Talaat Pasha by Henry Morgenthau – American Ambassador to Constantinople 1915

2500:) on 19 March 1910. Talaat met Hayriye in 1909, while she was studying in the French girls' 2130: 1949:. This promise did not reflect ground conditions, as his first year as Grand Vizier saw the 956: 10501: 10451: 10446: 10073: 9774: 9425: 9099: 8955: 8702: 8592: 8572: 8361: 8265: 8120: 7622: 7397: 7331: 7181: 7163: 7043: 6929: 6581: 6251: 1831: 1589: 1061: 675: 8587: 7169: 7055: 6833: 6761: 6689: 6455: 5847:

Olson, Robert W. (1986). "The Remains of Talat: A Dialectic between Republic and Empire".

5403:"M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Talat Paşa, Türk Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 39, Yıl 2010" 4715:"M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Talat Paşa, Türk Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 39, Yıl 2010" 2568:

to describe what Talaat master minded against the Armenians and Assyrians, and later what

2234:

was stripped, and he, Enver, Cemal, Nazım, and Şakir were condemned to death in absentia.

8: 9982: 9795: 9747: 9661: 9256: 9053: 8785: 8647: 8501: 8280: 8221: 8096: 7958: 7934: 7922: 7886: 7862: 7826: 7802: 7772: 7736: 7025: 6863: 6701: 6695: 6683: 6671: 6653: 6635: 6047: 5790: 2517: 2360:. He asserted the assassination was "the consequence of imperialist politics against the 2094: 2009: 1950: 1938: 1886: 1333: 1171: 768: 686:) of whom Talaat was its civilian leader. Talaat and Enver were influential bringing the 660: 193: 179: 10230: 10164: 10154: 8830: 7355: 7211: 1354: 1197:

known as the "election of clubs", Union and Progress won a lopsided victory against the

1146: 10295: 9965: 9704: 9472: 9058: 8940: 8860: 8805: 8740: 8682: 8607: 8602: 8174: 8162: 8144: 8084: 8060: 7916: 7874: 7682: 7670: 7652: 7445: 7415: 7295: 7121: 7061: 6995: 6731: 6437: 5940: 5872: 5680: 4212: 3797: 3162: 3021:

Among the top party functionaries were Interior Minister Talaat Pasha (Bulgarian Gypsy)

2301: 2293: 2207: 2081: 1890: 1574: 1533:

to propose an alliance with Russia, which ended up falling through. Talaat, Enver, and

1480: 1444: 1246: 1076: 1041: 1037: 817: 780: 230: 10425: 10420: 10385: 10375: 9384: 8707: 8692: 7187: 5988: 2268: 2038: 1655:

Russian forces. This order resulted in the arrest on the night of 24–25 April 1915 of

1123: 1065: 978: 10189: 9987: 9835: 9726: 9694: 9460: 9153: 9048: 9029: 8775: 8755: 8677: 8612: 8496: 8401: 8356: 8331: 8290: 8245: 8168: 8150: 8138: 8102: 8066: 8054: 8048: 8036: 8030: 8018: 8012: 8006: 7994: 7982: 7976: 7946: 7940: 7856: 7850: 7844: 7457: 7277: 7241: 7151: 7139: 6911: 6899: 6845: 6839: 6827: 6821: 6749: 6659: 6617: 6587: 6479: 6467: 6371: 6101: 5950: 5926: 5896: 5864: 5828: 5814: 5800: 5757: 5723: 5684: 5649: 5630: 5573: 5275: 5224: 5023: 4984: 4882: 4857: 4808: 4557: 4554:

The End of the Ottomans: The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism

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New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State

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Young Turk leaders, Talat was not ethnically Turkish; rather he was of Pomak descent.

3028: 2994: 2967: 2925: 2882: 2867: 2736: 2580: 2539: 2465: 2392: 2352:, several military personnel who had served in the Ottoman Empire during the war and 2341: 2281: 2215: 2146: 2121:

was able to directly issue orders to Turkish commanders in the opening stages of the

2005: 1859: 1609: 1597: 1522: 1487:

citizens. Armenians and Assyrians within the Empire began organising themselves into

1424: 1366: 1214: 1119: 1033: 974: 912: 788: 759: 738: 711: 636: 585: 513: 494: 132: 10365: 10320: 8934: 8840: 8582: 8156: 6541: 2280:

organized a plot to assassinate the perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide, known as

1265:

that were expelled from the Balkans. The scheduled election had to be canceled, and

10149: 9958: 9840: 9561: 9494: 9326: 9261: 9158: 8657: 8315: 8126: 7910: 7892: 7562: 7469: 6947: 6905: 6779: 6665: 6647: 6629: 6599: 6563: 6389: 6353: 6319: 6084: 6057: 5856: 5713: 5672: 4446: 3779: 3144: 2826:

Blood and Soil: Genocide and Extermination in World History from Carthage to Darfur

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First World War.com: Talat Pasha's Alleged Orders Regarding the Armenian Massacres

5946:"They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide 5626: 4303:(in Turkish) (4th ed.). Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: Everest Yayınları. p. 211. 3784: 3767: 2243:

Empire. Germany was well aware of Talaat's presence but refused to surrender him.

1534: 1289:

politics to stay influential. He urged for the Empire to continue fighting in the

1167: 1151: 242: 10466: 10280: 10179: 10002: 9583: 9316: 9293: 8800: 8790: 8391: 8376: 8371: 8341: 7970: 6887: 6713: 6575: 6431: 6419: 6010: 6005: 5892: 5840: 5676: 5017: 4978: 4802: 4325: 4298: 4261:

Defining the horrific readings on genocide and Holocaust in the twentieth century

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wrote " the foremost partisan of war" for "whom and his disciples, this war was

2388: 2349: 2073: 1981: 1894: 1749: 1488: 1456: 1325: 404: 29: 10360: 10315: 10300: 10290: 10088: 8597: 7111: 6569: 6497: 3148: 2468:" upon his becoming Grand Vizier, a title which German journalist and companion 2179: 1049: 10174: 10103: 9869: 9716: 9654: 9613: 9068: 8815: 8780: 8750: 8735: 8250: 7533: 7116: 6546: 6324: 6198: 6154: 6149: 5406: 4718: 3697: 2862: 2848: 2802: 2622: 2559: 2531: 2509: 2247: 2134: 2102: 2085: 1985: 1906: 1777: 1772: 1627: 1623: 1558: 1530: 1460: 1452: 1010: 888: 799: 734: 632: 604: 569: 434: 376: 10462:

People sentenced to death in absentia by the Ottoman Special Military Tribunal

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Operation Nemesis: Die Türkei, Deutschland und der Völkermord an den Armeniern

2797: 2469: 2101:(their previous encounter being on opposite sides of the negotiating table at 1378: 1266: 1131: 706:), most of them being ultimately murdered, and on 30 May 1915 promulgated the 10440: 10405: 9894: 9805: 9379: 8310: 7628: 6773: 6257: 5868: 5727: 5692: 5491: 4902: 4139: 3793: 2807: 2595: 2587: 2569: 2460: 2450: 2384: 2361: 2345: 2198: 1926: 1882: 1784: 1717: 1693: 1668: 1468: 1448: 1397: 1386: 1359: 1250: 1163: 1155: 1115: 1053: 919:. Talaat met then economics professor, later friend and CUP Finance Minister 892: 821: 10335: 9646: 8712: 8255: 6227: 4147: 3084:

Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot that Avenged the Armenian Genocide

916: 10310: 10240: 10184: 10134: 10098: 9911: 9815: 9455: 9369: 8622: 8406: 8285: 7964: 7928: 7880: 6857: 5884: 5786: 5735: 5297: 3615: 3364: 3264: 2991:

Age of Assassins: A History of Conspiracy and Political Violence, 1865–1981

2720: 2442: 2396: 2376: 2357: 2219: 2190: 2050: 1898: 1345: 1341: 1095: 965:

were recruited into the OFC, including the future heroes of the revolution

947: 920: 908: 683: 679: 600: 10018: 8672: 6193: 5739: 5465: 5368:"Talát Paşa'nın kara kaplı 'tehcir defteri'ni 90 yıl sonra yarın açıyorum" 2034: 1771:

was muted. The participation of the Ottoman Empire as an ally against the

1756:. Talaat ordered the governor of Van to remove the Assyrian population in 1127: 10410: 10325: 10225: 10078: 9889: 9884: 9374: 9364: 9073: 8642: 8567: 8439: 8270: 7988: 6737: 6461: 6413: 6383: 6359: 6341: 3137:"Revisiting Armenians in the Ottoman Empire: Deportations and Atrocities" 2821: 2446: 2400: 2162: 2138: 2125:

and hoped to use the commander as a puppet. He also kept in contact with

1752:

was also targeted by the Unionist government in what is now known as the

1676: 1631: 1630:

on atrocities committed by the Special Organisation against Armenians in

1619: 1615: 1553: 1542: 1476: 1464: 1349: 1337: 1239: 1135: 1086:

In August 1909 Mehmed Talaat led a 17-member parliamentary delegation to

1057: 970: 903: 721:, Talaat Pasha became Grand Vizier in 1917. He personally negotiated the 667: 644: 577: 553: 8617: 5718: 5441:

Il triangolo e la mezzaluna. I "Giovani Turchi" e la massoneria italiana

5372: 3768:"Young Turk Governance in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War" 2562:, then a law student who followed Talaat's trial, later coined the term 1509: 10350: 9810: 9274: 8541: 5876: 4336:'You will get no such list from me,' I said, and I got up and left him. 4090:

Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). "Tehcir Law". In Whitehorn, Alan (ed.).

2211: 2155: 2098: 2054: 2042: 1688: 1547: 1227: 1223: 1219: 849: 726: 656: 620: 468: 329: 33: 8190: 5792:

Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler

3117:

For more see: George Young, Constantinople, Barnes & Noble, 1992,

2542:

in 1903 during his time in the Ottoman Balkans. He was also the first

2012:

with the Allies, ending hostilities in the Middle East on 30 October.

1377:

too. This peace was very tenuous however, as Talaat, Enver Pasha, and

1365:

That summer came Bulgaria's attack on Greece and Serbia, starting the

1316: 9901: 9790: 9759: 9311: 9211: 8577: 8421: 5492:"Mehmet Talat Paşa | Hür ve Kabul Edilmiş Masonlar Büyük Locası" 4181: 2535: 2493: 2424: 2025: 1989: 1946: 1804: 840:(Istanbul) when their home was occupied by Russian troops during the 813: 588:, and was responsible for other ethnic cleansings during his time as 544:(1 September 1874 – 15 March 1921), commonly known as 372: 108: 9764: 8998: 5860: 2778: 2331:

in a well-attended ceremony. At 11:00 a.m., prayers led by the

2230:". The court released its verdict on 5 July 1919: Talaat's title of 9752: 8295: 8260: 4177: 2564: 2497: 2319: 1933: 1814:

Approximately 1.7 million Christians (including 200,000 Greeks and

1792: 1581: 1557:

to the Ottoman Empire, the three convinced Cemal Pasha to agree to

1427:. On 6 September, Talaat Pasha sent a telegram to the governors of 1162:

As tension built between the CUP and opposition, a meeting between

1080: 1005: 928: 872: 837: 703: 659:

and political pluralism, turning them into hard-line authoritarian

563: 382: 104: 9921: 5466:"Büyük Üstatlar | Hür ve Kabul Edilmiş Masonlar Büyük Locası" 2185: 1436: 1332:. He kept this post until the CUP's fall from power following the 4930:"Robert Fisk: My conversation with the son of Soghomon Tehlirian" 4807:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. pp. 134–135. 2436: 2289: 2060:

Talaat, Nazım, Şakir and some other Turkish officers wound up in

1973: 1742: 1262: 640: 4234:

Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide

1881:

Many social reforms were introduced, including modernization of

1675:. Although the mass killings of Armenian civilians had begun in 1013:

establishment enough to reopen the parliament and reinstate the

576:, which operated a one-party dictatorship in the Empire; during 9731: 2061: 1969: 1863: 1800: 1642: 1328:

in the Ottoman Empire. Talaat returned as interior minister in

1106:, as well as enforce imperial rule in revolting provinces like 861: 825: 400: 71: 4551: 4264:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 100. 1764: 1390: 1190:

in 22 January ,1912 so the election outcome could be certain.

9678: 9618: 8760: 5746:

Operation Nemesis: Turkey, Germany, and the Armenian Genocide

5569:

The Kemalists: Islamic Revival and the Fate of Secular Turkey

5082: 2676: 2655: 2231: 1902: 1753: 1708: 1440: 1432: 1072: 62: 46: 5999:

Mehmet Talaat (1874–1921) and his role in the Greek Genocide

5820:

Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide

2604:

Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide

1209:

after the 31 March Incident, to resign as in the lead-up to

21:

Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide

2332: 1965: 1796: 717:

In a move that established total Unionist control over the

5347: 3720: 3392: 3390: 2538:

and first became a member of the Salonica Freemason Lodge

2197:

The British government exerted diplomatic pressure on the

1102:). He continued Hamidian era anti-Zionist restrictions in 584:(prime minister). He has been called the architect of the 5130: 5128: 5060: 5058: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 4606: 4582: 4487: 4411: 3991: 3979: 3943: 3919: 2686: 1253:

achieved decisive victory over the Ottoman Empire in the

5623:

Raueme Des Selbst: Selbstzeugnisforschung Transkulturell

4960: 4958: 4956: 4499: 4428: 4426: 3849: 3847: 3667: 3665: 2318:

Initially, Talaat's friends hoped he could be buried in

2300:, he was found innocent by a German court on grounds of 631:. He played an important role in the downfall of Sultan 5249: 4654: 3535: 3523: 3455: 3453: 3402: 3387: 2943: 2941: 2900: 2898: 2586:

Talaat Pasha is viewed as a "great statesman, skillful

2492:(1895–1983) (later known as Hayriye Talat Bafralı), an 1657:

235 to 270 Armenian community leaders in Constantinople

1300: 9121:

Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915

5889:

Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey

5547: 5535: 5325:""Talat Paşa" dediklerine bakmayın asıl hedef Atatürk" 5237: 5200: 5176: 5152: 5140: 5125: 5055: 5036: 4833: 4769: 4757: 4733: 4666: 4520:"A devastating document is met with silence in Turkey" 990: 5972:] (in Turkish). İstanbul: Doğan Kardeş Yayınları. 5598: 5446: 5304: 5188: 5070: 4953: 4745: 4642: 4630: 4618: 4594: 4475: 4423: 4399: 4387: 3967: 3955: 3931: 3907: 3895: 3883: 3871: 3859: 3844: 3832: 3820: 3808: 3749: 3747: 3732: 3677: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3595: 3571: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2237: 1261:

by the Bulgarians. The imperial capital swelled with

5523: 5421: 5164: 5113: 5101: 4093:

The Armenian Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide

3583: 3559: 3547: 3477: 3465: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3290: 3288: 2938: 2895: 2210:

took the position of grand vizier the same day that

4375: 2513:sons. Hayriye died in İstanbul on 15 January 1983. 2508:in the Israelite School at Salonika, and picked up 2387:on 25 February 1943, attended by German ambassador 1851:(a puppet of the committee anyway) by becoming the 1569:, prohibiting foreign postal services, terminating 1495:, a Unionist paramilitary, started harassing them. 1381:, secretary of the local CUP branch, organized the 883:, who was an opponent of his Turkification policies 5705:International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 4928: 4695: 4570: 4016:Confronting Genocide: Judaism, Christianity, Islam 3744: 2866: 2761: 2379:, at the request of the Prime Minister of Turkey, 2246:The last official interview Talaat granted was to 2202:Constantinople court demanded it. With the allied 867: 8976:Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation 5022:(in Turkish). Turkey: Hiperlink Eğitim İletişim. 3344:Türk Basınında Talat Paşa Suikastı ve Yansımaları 3285: 2439:and others commented on his intimidation skills. 2407:gave the funeral oration as he was buried at the 1737:Talaat believed Armenian deportation avenged the 729:, regaining parts of Eastern Anatolia which were 10602:Assassinated politicians from the Ottoman Empire 10477:20th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire 10438: 9948:Newspaper documentation of the Assyrian genocide 5223:. Princeton University Press. pp. 380–382. 4012: 2414: 2112:Questioned whether he would return and join the 1984:strengthened the Ottoman's position in a future 1769:German reaction to the deportations of Armenians 898:After being released from prison, he joined the 10512:People from the Ottoman Empire of Pomak descent 8871:Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings 5919:Destroying the Armenians: History of a Genocide 5267: 4334:This was almost too much, and I lost my temper. 4178:"PBS effort to bridge controversy creates more" 2714: 2029:Talaat with his friends in exile, Holland, 1920 1877:Talaat Pasha at Berlin with his diplomatic team 1840:Talaat Pasha with Central Power negotiators at 10537:Political office-holders in the Ottoman Empire 9783: 5994:Talaat Pasha's report on the Armenian Genocide 5915:Détruire les Arméniens. Histoire d'un génocide 5565: 4008: 4006: 2272:Street where Talaat's assassination took place 931:. However the Inspector General for Macedonia 10034: 9676: 9662: 9014: 8206: 7514: 7097: 6876:Civankapıcıbaşı Sultanzade Semiz Mehmed Pasha 6527: 6305: 6179: 6125: 5518:Consequences of Denial: The Armenian Genocide 5093:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPetrossian2020 ( 4085: 4083: 2919: 2516:Her granddaughter, Ayşegül Bafralı, provided 2310: 1945:, promising to open up Jewish immigration to 741:. However breakthroughs by the Allies in the 5572:. Prometheus Books, Publishers. p. 77. 5443:, Edizioni Nuova Cultura, Roma, 2011, p. 38. 4175: 3053: 3051: 2601:Kieser writes in his biography of Talaat in 2476:and de facto co-dictator of Germany General 2253: 1847:On 4 February 1917, Talaat finally replaced 1726:They can live in the desert but nowhere else 1114:. That year, Louis Rambert, director of the 891:, who ran a modern autocracy, complete with 10487:Committee of Union and Progress politicians 10048: 7386:Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha 4895: 4350:"Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, Chapter 25" 4089: 4003: 3259: 3257: 3255: 2920:Kedourie, Sylvia; Wasti, S. Tanvir (1996). 2008:became the new Grand Vizier and signed the 1340:in 1918. Talaat, with Enver and commandant 1141: 985: 887:The Ottoman Empire was ruled by the sultan 607:. After the CUP succeeded in restoring the 561: 10532:Government ministers of the Ottoman Empire 10041: 10027: 9669: 9655: 9021: 9007: 8337:Association for Defence of National Rights 8213: 8199: 7521: 7507: 7104: 7090: 6534: 6520: 6312: 6298: 6186: 6172: 6132: 6118: 5088: 4800: 4323: 4200: 4080: 3501:"İttihat Terakki'nin 'yeminsiz' kadınları" 2915: 2913: 2049:, he fled the Ottoman capital on a German 1905:was translated into Turkish, and even the 1122:writes that he was under the influence of 1017:. For the first time in three decades, an 572:from 1913 to 1918. He was chairman of the 321:17 December 1908 – 8 October 1918 70: 8971:How happy is the one who says I am a Turk 5909: 5717: 5397: 5395: 4983:(in Turkish). Turkey: Yedigün Neşriyatı. 4517: 4505: 4055: 3783: 3338: 3336: 3226:(in Turkish). İmge Kitabevi. p. 53. 3048: 2842: 2733:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199671144.003.0004 2725:The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials 1650:On 24 April 1915, Talaat Pasha issued an 1393:were fabricated by the Empire's enemies. 1271:peace negotiations with the Balkan League 1090:. He learned there that he was appointed 96:4 February 1917 – 8 October 1918 10517:People assassinated by Operation Nemesis 9174: 5662: 5643: 5365: 5019:Edebiyatta Siyaset: Vedat Türkali Örneği 4876: 4660: 4296: 3408: 3252: 2428:Tomb of Talaat Pasha in the cemetery of 2423: 2399:hoped to secure Turkish support for the 2267: 2178: 2024: 1901:. When it came to religious reform, the 1872: 1835: 1707: 1641: 1508: 1315: 1245:The Savior Officer-backed government of 1145: 871: 828:descent. His father, Ahmet Vasıf, was a 798: 794: 262:November 1914 – 4 February 1917 8876:2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault 8220: 6270:Osmancıklı Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha 5734: 5691: 5648:. Great Britain: Penguin Random House. 5559: 5274:. Altın Kitaplar Kitabevi. p. 92. 5255: 5134: 5049: 4964: 4856:. G. P. Putnam's sons ltd. p. 41. 4851: 4739: 4707: 4684: 4547: 4545: 4230: 4116: 3765: 2910: 2861: 2820: 2524:The Remaining Documents of Talaat Pasha 2504:in Constantinople. He learned to speak 2168: 1809:Kurds were deported to Central Anatolia 1783:Talaat was also a leading force in the 1698:deportees were subject to periodic rape 1498: 688:Ottoman Empire into the First World War 10439: 7440:Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha 6011:Newspaper clippings about Talaat Pasha 5963: 5813: 5604: 5553: 5541: 5452: 5427: 5392: 5353: 5322: 5310: 5243: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5158: 5146: 5064: 5015: 4976: 4854:Ben Kendim: A Record of Eastern Travel 4839: 4775: 4763: 4751: 4672: 4648: 4636: 4624: 4612: 4600: 4588: 4576: 4493: 4481: 4432: 4417: 4405: 4393: 4347: 4257: 3997: 3985: 3973: 3961: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3853: 3838: 3826: 3814: 3753: 3738: 3726: 3683: 3671: 3656: 3644: 3601: 3589: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3498: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3396: 3375:from the original on 24 September 2021 3333: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3023:; For more see: Stephen R. Graubard, 2947: 2904: 2784: 2772: 2193:fled the country following World War I 1311: 152:12 June 1913 – 8 October 1918 16:Turkish Ottoman politician (1874–1921) 10597:Politicians assassinated in the 1920s 10022: 9650: 9028: 9002: 8194: 7539:Decline and Modernization (1789–1922) 7502: 7085: 6515: 6293: 6167: 6113: 5883: 5846: 5785: 5773:from the original on 22 November 2019 5472:from the original on 27 December 2019 5218: 5170: 5119: 5107: 5076: 4879:Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics 4821:from the original on 31 December 2023 4701: 4224: 4220:from the original on 2 February 2012. 4058:"Armenians mark massacre anniversary" 3494: 3492: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3294: 3263: 3223:Türkler ve Ermeniler: 1915 ve sonrası 3219: 3173:from the original on 5 September 2022 3134: 2922:Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics 2796: 1893:" which was a significant advance in 1816:100,000 Lebanese Christians and Druze 1079:headed the delegation to announce to 860:which served the Jewish community of 757:convicted and sentenced him to death 8851:1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt 7146:Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha 5939: 5620: 5529: 5380:from the original on 28 October 2021 5335:from the original on 27 October 2021 4804:Modern Armenia people, nation, state 4789:The History of the Armenian Genocide 4556:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 341. 4542: 4530:from the original on 11 October 2022 4463:from the original on 3 November 2020 4381: 4188:from the original on 5 November 2013 4157:from the original on 31 January 2022 4068:from the original on 25 October 2012 3695: 3626:from the original on 5 November 2022 3511:from the original on 29 October 2021 3025:The Armenian Genocide in Perspective 2685:- Note that he was known as "Talaat 2669: 2645: 2395:, and Saracoğlu. With this gesture, 2276:With most CUP leaders in exile, the 2020: 1739:Muslim expulsions of the Balkan Wars 1646:Corpses of massacred Armenians, 1918 1603: 1344:, formed a group later known as the 1301:Union and Progress regime: 1913–1918 10547:Politicians from the Ottoman Empire 10507:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk negotiators 10482:Recipients of Ottoman royal pardons 9938:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration 9626:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust 9408:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration 7068:Köprülü Amcazade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha 6240:Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha 5646:The Last Days of the Ottoman Empire 4518:Tavernice, Sabrina (9 March 2009). 3766:Zürcher, Erik Jan (13 April 2019). 3300: 3271:. London: John Murray. p. 67. 3240: 3197:Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları 2312:Bir Talât gider, bin Talât yetişir. 2015: 991:Young Turk Revolution and aftermath 13: 9700:1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari 9431:National Armenian Relief Committee 8522:Nationalist and Conservative Party 6402:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger 6092:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire 5586:from the original on 17 March 2023 5288:from the original on 17 March 2023 4997:from the original on 15 March 2023 4278:from the original on 17 March 2023 4033:from the original on 17 March 2023 3489: 3352: 2749:from the original on 23 April 2021 2238:Monitoring by British intelligence 2002:Bulgaria capitulated to the allies 1853:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire 1818:) died during World War I and the 812:Mehmed Talaat was born in 1874 in 647:, and the power struggle with the 619:, he was elected as a deputy from 595:Talaat was an early member of the 50:, and there is no family name. 14: 10613: 9993:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora 9567:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day 8951:Confiscation of Armenian property 8821:Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul 8469:Republican Villagers Nation Party 7428:Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha 6222:Mahmudoğlu Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha 6216:Hacıkemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha 6096:4 February 1917 – 8 October 1918 6042:4 February 1913 – 8 October 1918 5977: 5520:, p. 182, 2008, Karnac Books Ltd 5366:Bardakçı, Murat (24 April 2009). 4909:from the original on 8 March 2009 4444: 4127:Yale Journal of International Law 4056:Demourian, Avet (25 April 2009). 3708:from the original on 5 March 2016 3616:"Committee of Union and Progress" 2530:Talaat Pasha was a member of the 1976:to Ottoman rule after their loss 1687:He then issued the order for the 1614:A report presented to Talaat and 785:Armenian Revolutionary Federation 755:Ottoman Special Military Tribunal 655:disillusioned with multicultural 483:Ottoman Special Military Tribunal 309:Member of the Chamber of Deputies 206:August 1909 – March 1911 10572:Assassinated Turkish politicians 7485: 7344:Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha 6936:Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha 6276:Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger 6264:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder 6153: 6140: 6069:November 1914 – 4 February 1917 5923:Presses Universitaires de France 5510: 5498:from the original on 28 May 2022 5484: 5458: 5433: 5359: 5316: 5261: 5212: 5009: 4970: 4941:from the original on 26 May 2022 4921: 4870: 4845: 4794: 4781: 4678: 4363:from the original on 7 July 2022 4330:. Doubleday, Page. p. 339. 4300:Talât Paşa'nın evrak-ı metrûkesi 4019:. Lexington Books. p. 130. 3613: 2989:. For more see: Michael Newton, 2966:, Henry Holt and Company, 2010, 2924:. Psychology Press. p. 96. 2483: 2344:, along with the former head of 2116:, Talaat declined, arguing that 2053:that night where they landed in 1982:Caucasian states signed in Batum 1920:, and appointed a loyal friend, 1778:deportation of the Pontus Greeks 1745:in abandoned Armenian property. 1083:of his ascension to the throne. 915:and began a correspondence with 9875:Committee of Union and Progress 9355:Committee of Union and Progress 9044:Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 8448:Committee of Union and Progress 8397:Turkish Resistance Organisation 7575:Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha 7050:Bozoklu (Bıyıklı) Mustafa Pasha 7044:Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha 6252:Osmancıklı Imamzade Halil Pasha 5323:Özberk, Ferdi (13 March 2021). 4511: 4438: 4341: 4317: 4290: 4251: 4169: 4110: 4049: 3759: 3689: 3607: 3321: 3213: 3185: 3128: 3107: 3073: 3065:. 17 March 2014. Archived from 3014: 2980: 2953: 1763:Meanwhile, deportations of the 1307:Committee of Union and Progress 1134:and his more revolutionary and 900:Committee of Union and Progress 879:, Talaat's friend and Unionist 868:Activism against Abdul Hamid II 597:Committee of Union and Progress 10522:Armenian genocide perpetrators 9998:Assyrian independence movement 9857:Military of the Ottoman Empire 9059:Hamidian massacres (1894–1897) 8987:Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez! 8856:Zirve Publishing House murders 8846:Assassination of Kemal Türkler 8811:1957 arson attack at Tahtakale 7224:Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha 7026:Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha 5949:. Princeton University Press. 4977:Yalçın, Hüseyin Cahit (1943). 4801:Libaridian, Gerald J. (2007). 4324:Morgenthau, Henry Sr. (1919). 4176:Josh Belzman (23 April 2006). 2855: 2836: 2814: 2790: 2787:, p. xi, 22–23, 247, 333. 2708: 2662: 2635: 2570:Germany committed against Jews 2419: 2064:on 10 November, the day after 1862:. Like first president of the 1825: 1537:were successful in securing a 1505:Ottoman entry into World War I 1483:to prepare for the arrests of 1188:Minister of Post and Telegraph 820:into a middle-class family of 777:assassinated in Berlin in 1921 690:. During World War I, he 599:(CUP), eventually leading its 1: 10497:Ottoman people of World War I 10008:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 9722:Ottoman Empire in World War I 9466:Assassination of Talaat Pasha 9095:Ottoman Empire in World War I 7038:Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha 6996:Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha 6720:Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha 4327:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story 3785:10.1080/00263206.2019.1590820 3499:Boyutu, Yazı (8 April 2012). 3369:Turkey in the First World War 3082:For more see: Eric Bogosian, 2962:For more see: David Fromkin, 2696: 2415:Personality and relationships 2354:August von Platen-Hallermünde 2264:State funeral of Talaat Pasha 2260:Assassination of Talaat Pasha 2228:Central Committee of Ittihadd 2189:on 4 November 1918 after the 2118:Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) 1941:, Talaat reproached with the 1588:. But Enver Pasha's decisive 1559:a naval strike against Russia 1491:to protect themselves as the 769:Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) 753:fled the Ottoman Empire. The 731:occupied by Russia since 1878 710:; these events initiated the 698:of Armenian intellectuals in 425:Monument of Liberty, Istanbul 10567:Assassinated revolutionaries 10472:Deaths by firearm in Germany 9064:Young Turk Revolution (1908) 8836:Political violence in Turkey 7557:Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha 7260:Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha 7002:Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha 6678:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha 6234:Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha 5964:Tunaya, Tarık Zafer (1952). 5677:10.1080/14683849.2011.572627 3135:Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020). 2701: 2677: 2656: 2204:occupation of Constantinople 2175:Istanbul trials of 1919–1920 2114:Turkish nationalist movement 1931:, as its head. In a play of 1750:Assyrian Christian community 1545:. Following the sale of the 1539:secret alliance with Germany 1320:Talaat in diplomatic costume 807: 773:Turkey's War of Independence 708:Temporary Law of Deportation 590:Minister of Interior Affairs 7: 10582:Greek genocide perpetrators 9636:Hitler's Armenian reference 9631:Assassination of Hrant Dink 9506:The Forty Days of Musa Dagh 8866:Assassination of Hrant Dink 8771:Turkish War of Independence 8301:Turkish Cypriot nationalism 7899:Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha 7230:Silahdar Damat Mehmet Pasha 7218:Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha 7158:Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha 7032:Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha 6015:20th Century Press Archives 5970:Political Parties in Turkey 5271:Başverenler, başkaldıranlar 4258:Hewitt, William L. (2004). 4237:. Oxford University Press. 3149:10.1007/978-3-030-59400-8_2 2993:, Faber & Faber, 2012, 2843:Rosenbaum, Alan S. (2001). 2727:. Oxford University Press. 2616: 2329:Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof 2151:Galip Kemali (Söylemezoğlu) 2123:Turkish War of Independence 1911:reforms by Atatürk's regime 977:of the internal CUP, while 842:1877–1878 Russo-Turkish war 818:Adrianople (Edirne) Vilayet 10: 10618: 8826:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 8479:Nationalist Movement Party 8001:Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha 7833:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha 7821:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha 7779:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha 7476:Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha 7422:Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha 7380:Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha 7338:Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha 7314:Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha 6822:Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha 6726:Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha 6552:Transformation (1550–1700) 5966:Türkiye'de Siyasi Partiler 5825:Princeton University Press 5614: 2257: 2172: 2097:, Talaat reconnected with 1980:. Another treaty with the 1897:and secularism in Ottoman 1829: 1607: 1502: 1334:Ottoman Empire's surrender 1330:Said Halim Pasha's cabinet 1304: 1230:", which was the original 1027:featured political parties 836:. Talaat's family fled to 556:activist, politician, and 27: 18: 10208: 10127: 10119:Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu 10056: 9975: 9930: 9849: 9828: 9740: 9687: 9601: 9535:Witnesses and testimonies 9527: 9481: 9441: 9400: 9347: 9284: 9239: 9108: 9036: 8961:Denial of Kurds by Turkey 8889: 8726: 8550: 8527:Rights and Equality Party 8456:Republican People's Party 8430: 8324: 8306:Turkish-Islamic synthesis 8228: 7617:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha 7581:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha 7546: 7498: 7483: 7464:Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha 7302:Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha 7266:Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha 7129: 7081: 6990:Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha 6559: 6511: 6337: 6330:Classical Age (1453–1550) 6289: 6211: 6163: 6098: 6089: 6081: 6071: 6062: 6054: 6044: 6037: 6031: 6026: 6004:10 September 2016 at the 4881:. Routledge. p. 41. 4877:Kedourie, Sylvia (1996). 4013:Steven L. Jacobs (2009). 2553: 2348:, the ex-director of the 2254:Assassination and funeral 2161:After the failure of the 2068:fled the city due to the 1696:or after. Meanwhile, the 1519:Second Constitutional Era 1375:another peace with Greece 1371:Constantinople conference 1280:national unity government 1276:Raid on the Sublime Porte 1249:fell soon after when the 940:Ottoman Freedom Committee 858:Alliance Israelite School 635:the next year during the 535: 531: 527: 519: 507: 502: 488: 478: 466: 462: 458: 450: 440: 430: 420: 411:Manner of death 410: 390: 359: 354: 350: 325: 314: 307: 288: 276: 266: 255: 248: 236: 224: 210: 199: 187: 168: 156: 145: 138: 126: 114: 100: 89: 82: 78: 69: 57: 9257:Post-genocide population 8981:Armenian genocide denial 8746:1913 Ottoman coup d'état 8507:Independent Turkey Party 8241:Atatürk personality cult 7719:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha 7707:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 7689:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha 7368:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha 7362:Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha 7350:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha 7320:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha 7206:Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha 6978:Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha 6852:Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha 6798:Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Pasha 5797:Harvard University Press 5754:Kiepenheuer & Witsch 5268:Ergun Hiçyılmaz (1993). 4852:Herbert, Aubrey (1925). 4356:Brigham Young University 4297:Bardakçı, Murat (2008). 4231:de Waal, Thomas (2015). 4117:Dadrian, Vahakn (1989). 2875:Harvard University Press 2845:Is the Holocaust Unique? 2723:; Gerry Simpson (eds.). 2715:Balint Jennifer (2013). 2628: 2502:Lycée Notre Dame de Sion 2206:, İzzet Pasha resigned. 2135:Abdülkadir Cami (Baykut) 1996:. Simultaneously on the 1820:total Ottoman war deaths 1780:of the Black Sea coast. 1637:defence of the Bosphorus 1586:the declaration of Jihad 1263:Rumelian Muslim refugees 1199:Freedom and Accord Party 1184:Freedom and Accord Party 1150:Talaat with CUP leaders 1142:Crisis for the committee 1092:Minister of the Interior 986:Rise to power: 1908–1913 649:Freedom and Accord Party 629:Minister of the Interior 574:Union and Progress Party 474:Premeditated mass murder 445:Union and Progress Party 415:Assassination by gunshot 140:Minister of the Interior 10557:Turkish revolutionaries 10050:Party leaders in Turkey 9917:Aziz Feyzi Pirinççizâde 9801:Flavianus Michael Malke 9422:Foreign aid and relief 9247:Pre-genocide population 9085:1914 Greek deportations 8946:Citizen, speak Turkish! 8387:Turkish Revenge Brigade 8236:16 Great Turkic Empires 8109:Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha 7677:Mehmed Said Galip Pasha 7551:Hassan Pasha of Algiers 7452:Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha 7410:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha 7374:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha 7236:Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha 6834:Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha 6810:Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha 6612:Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha 6594:Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha 6444:Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha 6075:Abdurrahman Vefik Sayın 5644:Gingeras, Ryan (2022). 5566:Muammer Kaylan (2005). 5016:Cansun, Şebnem (2020). 4454:University of Amsterdam 4354:Harold B. Lee Library, 2370:Grand National Assembly 2286:Talaat was assassinated 2090:Socialist International 1868:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) 1259:Adrianople was besieged 938:In September 1906, the 902:(CUP), a revolutionary 751:CUP's central committee 723:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 295:Abdurrahman Vefik Sayın 9953:Paris Peace Conference 9609:Late Ottoman genocides 9401:International response 8902:Turkish History Thesis 8881:Murder of Deniz Poyraz 8796:Racism-Turanism trials 7767:Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha 7749:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha 7725:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha 7713:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha 7701:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha 7635:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha 7200:Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha 7194:Nişancı Süleyman Pasha 7134:Daltaban Mustafa Pasha 7122:Old Regime (1700–1789) 7014:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha II 6966:Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha 6870:Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha 6642:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha 6624:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha 6606:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha 6450:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha 6426:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha 6396:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha 6258:Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha 6246:Çandarlızade Ali Pasha 4903:"Operationnemesis.com" 4348:Morgenthau, Henry Sr. 3772:Middle Eastern Studies 3193:Talât Paşa'nın anıları 2810:pp. 165, 186–187. 2682: 2614: 2548:spies of Yıldız Palace 2432: 2405:Hüseyin Cahit (Yalçın) 2311: 2273: 2194: 2072:. The new chancellor, 2030: 1878: 1844: 1735: 1713: 1685: 1647: 1514: 1513:Ottoman Empire in 1914 1353:Grand Vizier in 1917. 1321: 1269:'s government started 1159: 884: 804: 696:arrest and deportation 562: 558:convicted war criminal 454:Hayriye Talaat Bafralı 10457:People from Kardzhali 10069:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 9711:Young Turk Revolution 9131:20 Hunchakian gallows 9080:1914 Armenian reforms 9069:Adana massacre (1909) 8929:1934 Resettlement Law 8766:Deportations of Kurds 8688:Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu 8638:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 8517:People's Ascent Party 8417:Youth Union of Turkey 8412:Sultan Murad Division 8382:Peace at Home Council 7869:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha 7839:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha 7815:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha 7791:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha 7761:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha 7611:Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha 7605:Alemdar Mustafa Pasha 7404:Silahdar Mehmed Pasha 7308:Seyyid Abdullah Pasha 6972:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I 6954:Ermeni Süleyman Pasha 6918:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I 6894:Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha 6882:Nevesinli Salih Pasha 6792:Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha 6474:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 6378:Karamani Mehmed Pasha 6039:Minister of Interior 5219:Akçam, Taner (2012). 4688:Ohio State University 3220:Timur, Taner (2000). 3101:17 March 2023 at the 3086:, Hachette UK, 2015, 3042:17 March 2023 at the 3008:17 March 2023 at the 2830:Yale University Press 2609: 2474:Eliftherios Venizelos 2427: 2298:cursory two-day trial 2271: 2182: 2145:sent the ambassadors 2028: 1918:Ministry of Rationing 1876: 1860:European civilization 1839: 1730: 1722:Henry Morgenthau, Sr. 1711: 1681: 1645: 1622:) by Dashnak members 1512: 1402:Karekin Pastermadjian 1319: 1180:Karekin Pastermadjian 1149: 1019:election was held for 1001:Young Turk Revolution 875: 802: 795:Early life: 1874–1908 694:on 24 April 1915 the 617:Young Turk Revolution 10562:Assassinated viziers 10552:Turkish nationalists 10341:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 10114:Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ 9862:Special Organization 9775:Near East Foundation 9426:Near East Foundation 9392:Special Organization 9150:Concentration camps 9100:Battle of Sarikamish 8593:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul 8266:Nine Lights Doctrine 8121:Mahmud Shevket Pasha 7641:Dervish Mehmed Pasha 7623:Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha 7599:Çelebi Mustafa Pasha 7434:Kalafat Mehmed Pasha 7398:Ivazzade Halil Pasha 7392:Moldovancı Ali Pasha 7332:Naili Abdullah Pasha 7182:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha 7164:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha 6984:Köprülü Mehmed Pasha 6948:Kara Dev Murad Pasha 6930:Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha 6768:Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha 6582:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha 6492:Hadım Suleiman Pasha 5629:. pp. 151–169. 4456:. pp. 217–226. 3729:, pp. 137, 140. 3199:. 2000. p. 27. 2338:Richard von Kühlmann 2169:Trial and conviction 2131:Halide Edip (Adıvar) 1962:Brest-Litovsk treaty 1832:Talaat Pasha cabinet 1789:deportation of Kurds 1594:failure to take Suez 1590:defeat in Sarikamish 1499:Entering World War I 1493:Special Organisation 1379:Mahmud Celal (Bayar) 1154:and Enver Pasha and 1032:A year later in the 765:Turkish Nationalists 666:In 1913, Talaat and 661:Turkish nationalists 651:made Talaat and the 10396:Temel Karamollaoğlu 10381:Selahattin Demirtaş 10256:Hüsamettin Cindoruk 9983:Assyrians in Turkey 9931:Cultural depictions 9796:Shamoun Hanna Haydo 9682:(Assyrian genocide) 9483:Cultural depictions 9334:Rescue of Armenians 9252:Genocide casualties 9090:Congress at Erzerum 9054:Turkish nationalism 8924:Animal name changes 8786:1934 Thrace pogroms 8648:Mahmut Esat Bozkurt 8502:Bright Turkey Party 8484:Nation Party (1992) 8474:Nation Party (1962) 8464:Nation Party (1948) 8281:Sun Language Theory 8222:Turkish nationalism 8097:Ibrahim Hakki Pasha 8091:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha 8079:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha 7959:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha 7935:Ibrahim Edhem Pasha 7923:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha 7887:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha 7863:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha 7827:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha 7809:Mustafa Reşid Pasha 7803:Mustafa Naili Pasha 7797:Mustafa Reşid Pasha 7785:Mustafa Reşid Pasha 7773:Mustafa Naili Pasha 7755:Mustafa Reşid Pasha 7743:Mustafa Reşid Pasha 7737:Ibrahim Sarim Pasha 7731:Mustafa Reşid Pasha 7665:Deli Abdullah Pasha 7593:Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha 7326:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha 7290:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha 7284:Nişancı Ahmed Pasha 7248:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha 7176:Köprülü Numan Pasha 7020:Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha 7008:Sarı Süleyman Pasha 6942:Ibşir Mustafa Pasha 6864:Tayyar Mehmed Pasha 6816:Çerkes Mehmed Pasha 6708:Yemişçi Hasan Pasha 6702:Damat Ibrahim Pasha 6696:Cerrah Mehmed Pasha 6684:Damat Ibrahim Pasha 6672:Damat Ibrahim Pasha 6654:Serdar Ferhad Pasha 6636:Serdar Ferhad Pasha 6065:Minister of Finance 5941:Suny, Ronald Grigor 5921:] (in French). 5849:Die Welt des Islams 5719:10.51442/ijags.0009 5356:, pp. 381–385. 4615:, pp. 362–363. 4591:, pp. 322–323. 4496:, pp. 260–261. 4420:, pp. 257–258. 4000:, pp. 228–229. 3988:, pp. 225–226. 3952:, pp. 191–192. 3928:, pp. 170–171. 3702:İslâm Ansiklopedisi 3027:, Routledge, 2017, 2851:. pp. 122–123. 2430:Monument of Liberty 2409:Monument of Liberty 2366:Kemalist government 2284:. On 15 March 1921 2147:Bekir Sami (Kunduh) 2127:Tevfik Rüştü (Aras) 2095:Sparticist uprising 2082:Ernst-Reuter Square 2070:November Revolution 2010:Armistice of Mudros 1939:Balfour Declaration 1891:Temporal Family Law 1887:Istanbul University 1864:succeeding republic 1584:by capitalizing on 1417:Vartkes Serengülian 1383:deportations of Rûm 1348:. These men were a 1312:Consolidating power 1218:with Midhat Şükrü, 1176:Vartkes Serengülian 1172:İbrahim Hakkı Pasha 1062:Mahmud Şevket Pasha 1023:Chamber of Deputies 933:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha 925:Salonika Law School 881:Minister of Finance 676:Mahmud Şevket Pasha 625:Chamber of Deputies 603:chapter during the 250:Minister of Finance 219:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha 215:İbrahim Hakkı Pasha 10587:Murdered criminals 10542:People from Edirne 10527:Sayfo perpetrators 10371:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 10261:Aydın Güven Gürkan 9966:The Last Assyrians 9705:Hamidian massacres 9473:Treaty of Lausanne 9339:Turkish opposition 8941:The Twenty Classes 8907:Place name changes 8861:Gezi Park protests 8806:Battle of Tillyria 8741:Hamidian massacres 8603:Ali bey Huseynzade 8175:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha 8163:Salih Hulusi Pasha 8145:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha 8133:Mehmed Talat Pasha 8085:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha 8061:Mehmed Ferid Pasha 7953:Mehmed Sadık Pasha 7917:Mahmud Nedim Pasha 7905:Hüseyin Avni Pasha 7875:Mahmud Nedim Pasha 7695:Reşid Mehmed Pasha 7683:Mehmed Selim Pasha 7671:Silahdar Ali Pasha 7653:Benderli Ali Pasha 7587:Hafiz Ismail Pasha 7569:Melek Mehmed Pasha 7446:Izzet Mehmed Pasha 7416:Izzet Mehmed Pasha 7296:Seyyid Hasan Pasha 7272:Yeğen Mehmed Pasha 7254:Gürcü Ismail Pasha 7062:Elmas Mehmed Pasha 6960:Gazi Hüseyin Pasha 6924:Gürcü Mehmed Pasha 6804:Mere Hüseyin Pasha 6786:Mere Hüseyin Pasha 6732:Kuyucu Murad Pasha 6438:Koca Mustafa Pasha 6027:Political offices 5815:Kieser, Hans-Lukas 5439:Angelo Iacovella, 5091:, pp. 99–100. 4213:The New York Times 3328:Kieser, Hans-Lukas 3316:Kieser, Hans-Lukas 3247:Kieser, Hans-Lukas 2576:under discussion. 2433: 2403:. Talaat's friend 2302:temporary insanity 2294:Soghomon Tehlirian 2274: 2208:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha 2195: 2183:The front page of 2031: 1879: 1845: 1714: 1648: 1592:and Cemal Pasha's 1575:Sultanahmet Square 1571:Lebanon's autonomy 1515: 1322: 1295:relieve Adrianople 1247:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha 1236:Sultanahmet Square 1160: 1077:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha 1042:Khachatur Malumian 1038:Ahmed Tevfik Pasha 1025:, which this time 885: 805: 783:, a member of the 781:Soghomon Tehlirian 719:Ottoman government 560:who served as the 231:Mehmed Ferid Pasha 19:For the book, see 10434: 10433: 10356:Yaşar Nuri Öztürk 10346:İsmail Cem İpekçi 10266:Ülkü Söylemezoğlu 10236:Ahmet Nusret Tuna 10190:Necmettin Erbakan 10016: 10015: 9988:Assyrians in Iraq 9836:Defence of Iwardo 9824: 9823: 9727:Armenian genocide 9695:Assyrian homeland 9644: 9643: 9572:100th anniversary 9461:Operation Nemesis 9235: 9234: 9049:Armenian question 9030:Armenian genocide 8996: 8995: 8897:Atatürk's reforms 8776:Elza Niego affair 8761:Assyrian genocide 8756:Armenian genocide 8663:Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu 8613:Zeki Velidi Togan 8588:Noman Çelebicihan 8497:Great Unity Party 8402:Turkists of Gebze 8357:Counter-Guerrilla 8332:9 September Front 8246:Idealism (Turkey) 8188: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8169:Damat Ferid Pasha 8151:Damat Ferid Pasha 8139:Ahmed Izzet Pasha 8103:Mehmed Said Pasha 8067:Mehmed Said Pasha 8055:Mehmed Said Pasha 8049:Halil Rifat Pasha 8037:Mehmed Said Pasha 8031:Ahmed Cevad Pasha 8019:Mehmed Said Pasha 8013:Ahmed Vefik Pasha 8007:Mehmed Said Pasha 7995:Mehmed Said Pasha 7983:Mehmed Said Pasha 7977:Ahmed Arifi Pasha 7947:Ahmed Vefik Pasha 7941:Ahmed Hamdi Pasha 7857:Mehmed Fuad Pasha 7851:Yusuf Kamil Pasha 7845:Mehmed Fuad Pasha 7494: 7493: 7458:Halil Hamid Pasha 7278:Ivaz Mehmed Pasha 7242:Topal Osman Pasha 7170:Çorlulu Ali Pasha 7152:Damat Hasan Pasha 7140:Rami Mehmed Pasha 7077: 7076: 7056:Sürmeli Ali Pasha 6912:Melek Ahmed Pasha 6900:Sofu Mehmed Pasha 6846:Topal Recep Pasha 6840:Hafiz Ahmed Pasha 6828:Damat Halil Pasha 6762:Güzelce Ali Pasha 6756:Öküz Mehmed Pasha 6750:Damat Halil Pasha 6744:Öküz Mehmed Pasha 6690:Hadım Hasan Pasha 6660:Lala Mehmed Pasha 6618:Hadim Mesih Pasha 6588:Semiz Ahmed Pasha 6507: 6506: 6480:Ayas Mehmed Pasha 6468:Piri Mehmed Pasha 6456:Hadım Sinan Pasha 6372:Gedik Ahmed Pasha 6366:Veli Mahmud Pasha 6348:Veli Mahmud Pasha 6285: 6284: 6108: 6107: 6102:Ahmed Izzet Pasha 6099:Succeeded by 6072:Succeeded by 6045:Succeeded by 5956:978-1-4008-6558-1 5932:978-2-13-062617-6 5911:Nichanian, Mikaël 5834:978-0-691-15762-7 5806:978-0-674-50479-0 5763:978-3-462-03468-4 5655:978-0-241-44432-0 5636:978-3-412-23406-5 5579:978-1-61592-897-2 5230:978-0-691-15956-0 4563:978-1-78831-241-7 4216:. 8 August 1916. 4026:978-0-7391-3589-1 3696:Hanioğlu, Şükrü. 3544:, pp. 82–83. 3532:, pp. 85–86. 3399:, pp. 46–49. 3278:978-0-7195-6592-2 3233:978-975-533-318-2 3206:978-975-458-195-9 3158:978-3-030-59400-8 2806:. New York City: 2675: 2668:Ottoman Turkish: 2654: 2581:Hans-Lukas Kieser 2540:Macedonia Risorta 2496:girl from Yanya ( 2393:Ahmet Emin Yalman 2342:Arthur Zimmermann 2282:Operation Nemesis 2216:Damat Ferid Pasha 2143:Ankara government 2133:, Celal (Bayar), 2066:Kaiser Wilhelm II 2021:Escape to Germany 2006:Ahmed İzzet Pasha 1994:Palestinian front 1951:loss of Jerusalem 1610:Armenian genocide 1604:Armenian genocide 1523:Ahmet İzzet Pasha 1425:Armenian question 1406:Bedros Hallachian 1367:Second Balkan War 1120:Hans-Lukas Kieser 1104:Ottoman Palestine 1048:, hid Talaat and 1034:31 March Incident 975:secretary-general 913:Macedonia Risorta 789:Operation Nemesis 712:Armenian genocide 637:31 March Incident 627:and later became 586:Armenian genocide 552:, was an Ottoman 539: 538: 514:Ottoman Armenians 133:Ahmed Izzet Pasha 10609: 10306:Murat Karayalçın 10286:Yıldırım Akbulut 10165:Turhan Feyzioğlu 10160:Alparslan Türkeş 10155:Süleyman Demirel 10150:Mehmet Ali Aybar 10043: 10036: 10029: 10020: 10019: 9959:The Hidden Pearl 9841:Defense of Azakh 9781: 9780: 9671: 9664: 9657: 9648: 9647: 9589:notable visitors 9562:Hidden Armenians 9491:Ravished Armenia 9413:Imperial Germany 9322:Shabin-Karahisar 9294:Armenian militia 9262:Hidden Armenians 9172: 9171: 9023: 9016: 9009: 9000: 8999: 8831:Beyazıt massacre 8658:Abulfaz Elchibey 8653:Alparslan Türkeş 8493: 8460: 8452: 8451:(Ottoman Empire) 8444: 8443:(Ottoman Empire) 8276:Racism in Turkey 8215: 8208: 8201: 8192: 8191: 8127:Said Halim Pasha 7911:Ahmed Esad Pasha 7893:Ahmed Esad Pasha 7659:Hacı Salih Pasha 7647:Seyyid Ali Pasha 7563:Koca Yusuf Pasha 7523: 7516: 7509: 7500: 7499: 7489: 7470:Koca Yusuf Pasha 7356:Koca Ragıp Pasha 7212:Hacı Halil Pasha 7106: 7099: 7092: 7083: 7082: 6906:Kara Murat Pasha 6780:Kara Davud Pasha 6666:Koca Sinan Pasha 6648:Koca Sinan Pasha 6630:Koca Sinan Pasha 6600:Koca Sinan Pasha 6564:Kara Ahmed Pasha 6536: 6529: 6522: 6513: 6512: 6390:Koca Davud Pasha 6354:Rum Mehmed Pasha 6314: 6307: 6300: 6291: 6290: 6204:Rise (1299–1453) 6188: 6181: 6174: 6165: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6144: 6134: 6127: 6120: 6111: 6110: 6085:Said Halim Pasha 6082:Preceded by 6058:Mehmet Cavit Bey 6055:Preceded by 6048:Mustafa Arif Bey 6032:Preceded by 6024: 6023: 5973: 5960: 5936: 5906: 5880: 5838: 5810: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5772: 5751: 5731: 5721: 5701: 5688: 5659: 5640: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5521: 5516:Alayaria, Aida; 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5405:. 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Archived from 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4549: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4462: 4451: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4156: 4123: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4087: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4062:The Boston Globe 4053: 4047: 4046: 4040: 4038: 4010: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3787: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3496: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3361: 3350: 3340: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3298: 3292: 3283: 3282: 3261: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3132: 3126: 3111: 3105: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3069:on 7 April 2014. 3055: 3046: 3018: 3012: 2984: 2978: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2936: 2935: 2917: 2908: 2902: 2893: 2892: 2872: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2712: 2690: 2680: 2674:romanized: 2673: 2671: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2639: 2594:by the Allies. 2478:Erich Ludendorff 2364:". In 1922, the 2314: 2016:Exile: 1918–1921 1998:Macedonian front 1943:Zionist movement 1930: 1849:Said Halim Pasha 1741:, and resettled 1527:Czar Nicholas II 1485:Ottoman Armenian 1421:a reform package 1414: 1355:Erik Jan Zürcher 1291:First Balkan War 1255:First Balkan War 1166:, Cavid, Talat, 1116:Régie des Tabacs 1100:Finance Minister 1044:, leader of the 960: 944:Dr. Midhat Şükrü 854:Turkish language 747:Palestine fronts 641:Rumelian Muslims 567: 523:Around 1 million 510: 489:Criminal penalty 471: 397: 385: 370:1 September 1874 369: 367: 355:Personal details 346: 319: 303: 291: 279: 271:Said Halim Pasha 260: 239: 227: 204: 190: 183: 171: 163:Said Halim Pasha 150: 129: 121:Said Halim Pasha 117: 94: 74: 55: 54: 32:style name, the 10617: 10616: 10612: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10430: 10391:Binali Yıldırım 10386:Ahmet Davutoğlu 10376:Numan Kurtulmuş 10281:Necdet Karababa 10204: 10180:Ferruh Bozbeyli 10140:Ragıp Gümüşpala 10123: 10109:Osman Bölükbaşı 10074:Kâzım Karabekir 10052: 10047: 10017: 10012: 10003:Simele massacre 9971: 9926: 9845: 9820: 9784:Notable victims 9779: 9736: 9683: 9675: 9645: 9640: 9597: 9584:Tsitsernakaberd 9523: 9477: 9437: 9396: 9385:Bahaeddin Şakir 9343: 9280: 9231: 9170: 9104: 9032: 9027: 8997: 8992: 8919:Language reform 8885: 8801:Istanbul pogrom 8791:Dersim massacre 8728: 8722: 8703:Yusuf Halaçoğlu 8693:Kemal Kerinçsiz 8573:Kâzım Karabekir 8546: 8537:Patriotic Party 8491: 8458: 8450: 8442: 8432: 8426: 8392:Turkish Hearths 8377:Ottoman Hearths 8372:Kuva-yi Milliye 8342:Alperen Hearths 8320: 8224: 8219: 8189: 8180: 7971:Hayreddin Pasha 7542: 7527: 7490: 7481: 7188:Ağa Yusuf Pasha 7125: 7110: 7073: 6888:Kara Musa Pasha 6714:Yavuz Ali Pasha 6576:Semiz Ali Pasha 6555: 6540: 6503: 6432:Hadim Ali Pasha 6420:Hadim Ali Pasha 6333: 6318: 6281: 6207: 6192: 6159: 6152: 6138: 6104: 6095: 6087: 6077: 6068: 6060: 6050: 6041: 6035: 6006:Wayback Machine 5980: 5957: 5933: 5903: 5893:Harry N. Abrams 5861:10.2307/1570757 5835: 5807: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5749: 5699: 5665:Turkish Studies 5656: 5637: 5617: 5612: 5611: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5580: 5564: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5451: 5447: 5438: 5434: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5409:on 5 March 2016 5401: 5400: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5364: 5360: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5321: 5317: 5309: 5305: 5291: 5289: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5258:, pp. 8–9. 5254: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5217: 5213: 5205: 5201: 5193: 5189: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5157: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5133: 5126: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5089:Petrossian 2020 5087: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5063: 5056: 5048: 5037: 5030: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4991: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4935:The Independent 4927: 4926: 4922: 4912: 4910: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4850: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4815: 4799: 4795: 4786: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4750: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4721:on 5 March 2016 4713: 4712: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4550: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4516: 4512: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4449: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4333: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4245: 4229: 4225: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4121: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4088: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4054: 4050: 4036: 4034: 4027: 4011: 4004: 3996: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3852: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3552: 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1924: 1899:matrimonial law 1834: 1828: 1612: 1606: 1598:Caucasian front 1517:Throughout the 1507: 1501: 1408: 1326:one-party state 1314: 1309: 1303: 1211:the coup d'état 1207:Minister of War 1203:Savior Officers 1144: 1066:Shaykh al-Islam 993: 988: 954: 952:İsmail Canbulat 893:a secret police 870: 856:teacher in the 824:, Turkish, and 810: 797: 508: 467: 441:Political party 399: 395: 380: 371: 365: 363: 332: 320: 315: 297: 289: 277: 261: 256: 237: 225: 217: 205: 200: 188: 177: 169: 161: 151: 146: 127: 115: 107: 95: 90: 65: 60: 51: 30:Ottoman Turkish 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10615: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10592:Bektashi Order 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10366:Süleyman Soylu 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10321:Devlet Bahçeli 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10212: 10210: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10175:Mustafa Timisi 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10131: 10129: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10104:Adnan Menderes 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10060: 10058: 10054: 10053: 10046: 10045: 10038: 10031: 10023: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9979: 9977: 9973: 9972: 9970: 9969: 9962: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9934: 9932: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9898: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9872: 9870:Kurdish tribes 9866: 9865: 9864: 9853: 9851: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9843: 9838: 9832: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9787: 9785: 9778: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9756: 9755: 9744: 9742: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9708: 9702: 9697: 9691: 9689: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9673: 9666: 9659: 9651: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9622: 9621: 9616: 9614:Greek genocide 9611: 9605: 9603: 9599: 9598: 9596: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9537: 9531: 9529: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9509: 9502: 9487: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9470: 9469: 9468: 9458: 9453: 9451:Courts-martial 9447: 9445: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9434: 9433: 9428: 9420: 9418:Press coverage 9415: 9410: 9404: 9402: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9394: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9351: 9349: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9330: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9296: 9290: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9271: 9266: 9265: 9264: 9254: 9249: 9243: 9241: 9237: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9178: 9176: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9112: 9110: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9040: 9038: 9034: 9033: 9026: 9025: 9018: 9011: 9003: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8990: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8935:Varlık Vergisi 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8893: 8891: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8841:Maraş massacre 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8816:Sivas massacre 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8781:Zilan massacre 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8751:Greek genocide 8748: 8743: 8738: 8736:Adana massacre 8732: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8583:Ömer Seyfettin 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8532:National Party 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8512:Homeland Party 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489:Workers' Party 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8453: 8445: 8436: 8434: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8251:Islamokemalism 8248: 8243: 8238: 8232: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8218: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8195: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8157:Ali Rıza Pasha 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8112: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8022: 8016: 8010: 8004: 7998: 7992: 7986: 7980: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7878: 7872: 7866: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7776: 7770: 7764: 7758: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 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5881: 5855:(1/4): 46–56. 5844: 5833: 5811: 5805: 5783: 5762: 5732: 5693:Hofmann, Tessa 5689: 5671:(2): 177–189. 5660: 5654: 5641: 5635: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5597: 5578: 5558: 5556:, p. xii. 5546: 5544:, p. 313. 5534: 5532:, p. 151. 5522: 5509: 5483: 5457: 5445: 5432: 5420: 5391: 5358: 5346: 5315: 5303: 5280: 5260: 5248: 5246:, p. 286. 5236: 5229: 5211: 5209:, p. 214. 5199: 5187: 5185:, p. 329. 5175: 5163: 5161:, p. 419. 5151: 5149:, p. 420. 5139: 5124: 5112: 5100: 5081: 5079:, p. 232. 5069: 5067:, p. 405. 5054: 5035: 5028: 5008: 4989: 4969: 4952: 4920: 4894: 4887: 4869: 4862: 4844: 4842:, p. 382. 4832: 4814:978-1412813518 4813: 4793: 4791:, pp. 323–324. 4780: 4778:, p. 381. 4768: 4766:, p. 388. 4756: 4744: 4732: 4706: 4694: 4677: 4675:, p. 385. 4665: 4653: 4651:, p. 379. 4641: 4639:, p. 372. 4629: 4627:, p. 369. 4617: 4605: 4603:, p. 323. 4593: 4581: 4569: 4562: 4541: 4524:New York Times 4510: 4508:, p. 204. 4506:Nichanian 2015 4498: 4486: 4484:, p. 260. 4474: 4437: 4435:, p. 259. 4422: 4410: 4408:, p. 239. 4398: 4396:, p. 292. 4386: 4384:, p. 269. 4374: 4340: 4316: 4310:978-9752895607 4309: 4289: 4270: 4250: 4244:978-0199350711 4243: 4223: 4199: 4168: 4109: 4103:978-1610696883 4102: 4079: 4048: 4025: 4002: 3990: 3978: 3976:, p. 224. 3966: 3964:, p. 222. 3954: 3942: 3940:, p. 215. 3930: 3918: 3916:, p. 208. 3906: 3904:, p. 200. 3894: 3892:, p. 160. 3882: 3880:, p. 177. 3870: 3868:, p. 176. 3858: 3856:, p. 146. 3843: 3841:, p. 144. 3831: 3829:, p. 143. 3819: 3817:, p. 219. 3807: 3778:(6): 897–913. 3758: 3743: 3741:, p. 138. 3731: 3719: 3688: 3686:, p. 125. 3676: 3674:, p. 211. 3661: 3659:, p. 130. 3649: 3647:, p. 121. 3637: 3606: 3604:, p. 117. 3594: 3582: 3580:, p. 116. 3570: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3522: 3488: 3476: 3464: 3449: 3437: 3425: 3413: 3411:, p. 178. 3401: 3386: 3351: 3332: 3320: 3299: 3284: 3277: 3251: 3239: 3232: 3212: 3205: 3184: 3157: 3127: 3106: 3072: 3047: 3013: 2979: 2952: 2937: 2930: 2909: 2894: 2887: 2854: 2849:Westview Press 2835: 2832:. p. 414. 2813: 2808:Holt & Co. 2803:A Shameful Act 2789: 2777: 2760: 2741: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2661: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2625: 2623:Symon Petliura 2618: 2615: 2560:Raphael Lemkin 2555: 2552: 2532:Bektashi order 2518:Murat Bardakçı 2485: 2482: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2255: 2252: 2248:Aubrey Herbert 2239: 2236: 2170: 2167: 2086:Charlottenburg 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 1907:call to prayer 1895:women's rights 1827: 1824: 1773:Entente powers 1712:Talaat in 1916 1628:Vahan Papazian 1624:Arshak Vramian 1608:Main article: 1605: 1602: 1531:Sergei Sazanov 1503:Main article: 1500: 1497: 1387:Smyrna Vilayet 1313: 1310: 1305:Main article: 1302: 1299: 1228:Ottoman nation 1143: 1140: 1124:Bahattin Şakir 992: 989: 987: 984: 979:Bahattin Şakir 889:Abdul Hamid II 869: 866: 838:Constantinople 809: 806: 803:Early portrait 796: 793: 739:Caucasus front 733:, and won the 700:Constantinople 682:(known as the 633:Abdul Hamid II 570:Ottoman Empire 568:leader of the 537: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 521: 517: 516: 511: 505: 504: 500: 499: 490: 486: 485: 480: 476: 475: 472: 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 452: 448: 447: 442: 438: 437: 432: 428: 427: 422: 418: 417: 412: 408: 407: 398:(aged 46) 392: 388: 387: 377:Ottoman Empire 361: 357: 356: 352: 351: 348: 347: 327: 323: 322: 312: 311: 305: 304: 292: 286: 285: 280: 274: 273: 268: 264: 263: 253: 252: 246: 245: 240: 234: 233: 228: 222: 221: 212: 208: 207: 197: 196: 191: 185: 184: 172: 166: 165: 158: 154: 153: 143: 142: 136: 135: 130: 124: 123: 118: 112: 111: 102: 98: 97: 87: 86: 80: 79: 76: 75: 67: 66: 61: 58: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10614: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10416:Muharrem İnce 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10406:Fatih Erbakan 10404: 10402: 10401:Meral Akşener 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10296:Doğu Perinçek 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10271:Rahşan Ecevit 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10246:Yıldırım Avcı 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10216:Turgut Sunalp 10214: 10213: 10211: 10207: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10195:Bülent Ecevit 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10170:Hüseyin Balan 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10126: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10044: 10039: 10037: 10032: 10030: 10025: 10024: 10021: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9963: 9961: 9960: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9896: 9895:Mehmed Reshid 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9877: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9859: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9848: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9827: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9806:Leonard Melki 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9782: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9709: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9672: 9667: 9665: 9660: 9658: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9577: 9573: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9546: 9545:United States 9543: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9480: 9474: 9471: 9467: 9464: 9463: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9440: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9399: 9393: 9390: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9346: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9244: 9242: 9238: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9164: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9141:Forced labour 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9107: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9024: 9019: 9017: 9012: 9010: 9005: 9004: 9001: 8989: 8988: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8914: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8725: 8719: 8718:Bülent Ecevit 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8698:Meral Akşener 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8683:Doğu Perinçek 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8633:Nejdet Sançar 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8608:Ahmet Ağaoğlu 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8549: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8457: 8454: 8449: 8446: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8429: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8325:Organizations 8323: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8311:Turkification 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8216: 8211: 8209: 8204: 8202: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8176: 8173: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8137: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8113: 8110: 8107: 8104: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8077: 8074: 8071: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8047: 8044: 8041: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8029: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8008: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7987: 7984: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7966: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7906: 7903: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7864: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7852: 7849: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7816: 7813: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7798: 7795: 7792: 7789: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7777: 7774: 7771: 7768: 7765: 7762: 7759: 7756: 7753: 7750: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7651: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7630: 7629:Hurshid Pasha 7627: 7624: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7609: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7597: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7573: 7570: 7567: 7564: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7530:Grand Viziers 7524: 7519: 7517: 7512: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7501: 7497: 7488: 7477: 7474: 7471: 7468: 7465: 7462: 7459: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7435: 7432: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7420: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7384: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7339: 7336: 7333: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7297: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7285: 7282: 7279: 7276: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7255: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7201: 7198: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7138: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7114: 7113:Grand Viziers 7107: 7102: 7100: 7095: 7093: 7088: 7087: 7084: 7080: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7057: 7054: 7051: 7048: 7045: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7003: 7000: 6997: 6994: 6991: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6955: 6952: 6949: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6913: 6910: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6868: 6865: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6820: 6817: 6814: 6811: 6808: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6775: 6774:Dilaver Pasha 6772: 6769: 6766: 6763: 6760: 6757: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6706: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6685: 6682: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6670: 6667: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6544: 6543:Grand Viziers 6537: 6532: 6530: 6525: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6322: 6321:Grand Viziers 6315: 6310: 6308: 6303: 6301: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6200: 6196: 6195:Grand Viziers 6189: 6184: 6182: 6177: 6175: 6170: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6151: 6147: 6146:Grand Viziers 6143: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6103: 6094: 6093: 6086: 6080: 6076: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6053: 6049: 6040: 6034:Hacı Adil Bey 6030: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5885:Mango, Andrew 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5845: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5787:Ihrig, Stefan 5784: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5755: 5752:(in German). 5747: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5736:Hosfeld, Rolf 5733: 5729: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5628: 5627:Böhlau Verlag 5624: 5619: 5618: 5607:, p. 29. 5606: 5601: 5585: 5581: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5562: 5555: 5550: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5526: 5519: 5513: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5455:, p. 44. 5454: 5449: 5442: 5436: 5429: 5424: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5350: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5319: 5313:, p. 90. 5312: 5307: 5299: 5287: 5283: 5281:9789754053807 5277: 5273: 5272: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5245: 5240: 5232: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5197:, p. 62. 5196: 5191: 5184: 5179: 5173:, p. 52. 5172: 5167: 5160: 5155: 5148: 5143: 5137:, p. 76. 5136: 5131: 5129: 5122:, p. 46. 5121: 5116: 5110:, p. 55. 5109: 5104: 5096: 5090: 5085: 5078: 5073: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5052:, p. 10. 5051: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5031: 5029:9786257845212 5025: 5021: 5020: 5012: 4996: 4992: 4990:9786051557564 4986: 4982: 4981: 4973: 4966: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4924: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4890: 4888:0-7146-4718-7 4884: 4880: 4873: 4865: 4863:0-7146-4718-7 4859: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4790: 4784: 4777: 4772: 4765: 4760: 4754:, p. 18. 4753: 4748: 4742:, p. 16. 4741: 4736: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4703: 4698: 4690: 4689: 4681: 4674: 4669: 4663:, p. 76. 4662: 4661:Gingeras 2022 4657: 4650: 4645: 4638: 4633: 4626: 4621: 4614: 4609: 4602: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4578: 4573: 4565: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4546: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4502: 4495: 4490: 4483: 4478: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4445:Üngör, Umut. 4441: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4395: 4390: 4383: 4378: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4329: 4328: 4320: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4301: 4293: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4254: 4246: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4203: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4086: 4084: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4009: 4007: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3970: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3898: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3874: 3867: 3862: 3855: 3850: 3848: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3816: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3748: 3740: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3658: 3653: 3646: 3641: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3614:Atlı, Altay. 3610: 3603: 3598: 3592:, p. 93. 3591: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3568:, p. 64. 3567: 3562: 3556:, p. 63. 3555: 3550: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3493: 3486:, p. 75. 3485: 3480: 3474:, p. 74. 3473: 3468: 3462:, p. 72. 3461: 3456: 3454: 3447:, p. 70. 3446: 3441: 3435:, p. 68. 3434: 3429: 3423:, p. 53. 3422: 3417: 3410: 3409:Hanioğlu 2011 3405: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3365:"Talat Pasha" 3360: 3358: 3356: 3349: 3345: 3342:Ahmet Aslan, 3339: 3337: 3330:(2018), p. 43 3329: 3324: 3318:(2018), p. 44 3317: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3280: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3265:Mango, Andrew 3260: 3258: 3256: 3249:(2018). p. 41 3248: 3243: 3235: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3216: 3208: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2950:, p. 41. 2949: 2944: 2942: 2933: 2931:0-7146-4718-7 2927: 2923: 2916: 2914: 2907:, p. xi. 2906: 2901: 2899: 2890: 2888:9780674003132 2884: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2748: 2744: 2742:9780199671144 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2665: 2658: 2657:Mehmed Talʿat 2652: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2599: 2597: 2596:Mustafa Kemal 2593: 2589: 2588:revolutionary 2584: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2490:Hayriye Hanım 2484:Personal life 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2461:Alfred Nossig 2458: 2456: 2452: 2451:Krikor Zohrab 2448: 2444: 2440: 2438: 2431: 2426: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2385:state funeral 2382: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346:Deutsche Bank 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2313: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2244: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2199:Ottoman Porte 2192: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2159: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2139:Nuri (Conker) 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2027: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1986:drive on Baku 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1842:Brest Litovsk 1838: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1807:, while some 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1785:Turkification 1781: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:United States 1710: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1694:Syrian Desert 1690: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1618:(governor of 1617: 1611: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1567:Capitulations 1562: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1511: 1506: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1473:Mamuretülaziz 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398:Krikor Zohrab 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1360:Turkification 1356: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1318: 1308: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1251:Balkan League 1248: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1232:raison d'être 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195:1912 election 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:Halil Menteşe 1165: 1164:Krikor Zohrab 1157: 1156:Alfred Nossig 1153: 1148: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046:Dashnak Party 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1002: 998: 983: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 958: 953: 949: 948:Mustafa Rahmi 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 905: 901: 896: 894: 890: 882: 878: 874: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 845: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 801: 792: 790: 787:, as part of 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672:a coup d'état 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 566: 565: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 542:Mehmed Talaat 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 515: 512: 506: 501: 497: 496: 491: 487: 484: 481: 477: 473: 470: 469:Conviction(s) 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446: 443: 439: 436: 433: 429: 426: 423: 421:Resting place 419: 416: 413: 409: 406: 402: 394:15 March 1921 393: 389: 384: 378: 374: 362: 358: 353: 349: 344: 340: 336: 331: 328: 324: 318: 313: 310: 306: 301: 296: 293: 287: 284: 281: 275: 272: 269: 265: 259: 254: 251: 247: 244: 243:Halil Menteşe 241: 235: 232: 229: 223: 220: 216: 213: 209: 203: 198: 195: 192: 186: 181: 176: 173: 167: 164: 159: 155: 149: 144: 141: 137: 134: 131: 125: 122: 119: 113: 110: 106: 103: 99: 93: 88: 85: 81: 77: 73: 68: 64: 59:Mehmed Talaat 56: 53: 49: 48: 43: 39: 38:Mehmed Talaat 35: 31: 26: 22: 10577:Talaat Pasha 10492:Pan-Turkists 10361:Masum Türker 10316:Hikmet Çetin 10311:Deniz Baykal 10301:Tansu Çiller 10291:Mesut Yılmaz 10276:Mehmet Yazar 10251:Ahmet Tekdal 10241:Cezmi Kartay 10209:1980–present 10185:Behice Boran 10135:Ekrem Alican 10099:Hikmet Bayur 10089:Nuri Demirağ 10064:Talaat Pasha 10063: 9964: 9957: 9912:Simko Shikak 9880:Talaat Pasha 9879: 9850:Perpetrators 9816:Ashur Yousif 9717:Adana (1909) 9677: 9511: 9504: 9490: 9456:Malta exiles 9359: 9348:Perpetrators 9298:By location 9273: 9159:Ra's al-'Ayn 9136:Confiscation 8985: 8933: 8911: 8678:Attilâ İlhan 8623:Papa Eftim I 8598:Yusuf Akçura 8563:Talaat Pasha 8562: 8407:TurkHackTeam 8286:Turkish Left 8132: 7965:Saffet Pasha 7929:Midhat Pasha 7881:Midhat Pasha 7537: 7120: 6858:Bayram Pasha 6570:Rüstem Pasha 6550: 6498:Rüstem Pasha 6328: 6202: 6090: 6063: 6038: 5969: 5965: 5945: 5918: 5914: 5888: 5852: 5848: 5841:Google Books 5819: 5791: 5775:. Retrieved 5745: 5740: 5712:(1): 67–90. 5709: 5703: 5668: 5664: 5645: 5622: 5600: 5588:. Retrieved 5568: 5561: 5549: 5537: 5525: 5517: 5512: 5500:. Retrieved 5486: 5474:. Retrieved 5460: 5448: 5440: 5435: 5430:, p. 4. 5423: 5411:. Retrieved 5407:the original 5382:. Retrieved 5371: 5361: 5349: 5337:. Retrieved 5328: 5318: 5306: 5298:Google Books 5296:– via 5290:. Retrieved 5270: 5263: 5256:Hosfeld 2005 5251: 5239: 5220: 5214: 5202: 5190: 5178: 5166: 5154: 5142: 5135:Hofmann 2020 5115: 5103: 5084: 5072: 5050:Hosfeld 2005 5018: 5011: 4999:. Retrieved 4979: 4972: 4967:, p. 9. 4965:Hosfeld 2005 4943:. Retrieved 4934: 4923: 4911:. Retrieved 4897: 4878: 4872: 4853: 4847: 4835: 4823:. Retrieved 4803: 4796: 4788: 4787:V. Dadrian, 4783: 4771: 4759: 4747: 4740:Hosfeld 2005 4735: 4723:. Retrieved 4719:the original 4709: 4697: 4686: 4680: 4668: 4656: 4644: 4632: 4620: 4608: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4553: 4532:. Retrieved 4523: 4513: 4501: 4489: 4477: 4465:. Retrieved 4453: 4440: 4413: 4401: 4389: 4377: 4365:. Retrieved 4353: 4343: 4331: 4326: 4319: 4299: 4292: 4280:. Retrieved 4260: 4253: 4233: 4226: 4211: 4202: 4190:. Retrieved 4171: 4159:. Retrieved 4131: 4125: 4112: 4096:. ABC-CLIO. 4092: 4070:. Retrieved 4061: 4051: 4042: 4035:. Retrieved 4015: 3993: 3981: 3969: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3861: 3834: 3822: 3810: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3734: 3722: 3710:. Retrieved 3701: 3698:"Talat Paşa" 3691: 3679: 3652: 3640: 3628:. Retrieved 3620:Turkey's War 3619: 3609: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3513:. Retrieved 3504: 3479: 3467: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3377:. Retrieved 3368: 3347: 3343: 3323: 3268: 3242: 3222: 3215: 3195:. Istanbul: 3192: 3187: 3175:. Retrieved 3140: 3130: 3113: 3109: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3067:the original 3062: 3024: 3020: 3016: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2921: 2868: 2857: 2844: 2838: 2825: 2822:Kiernan, Ben 2816: 2801: 2798:Akçam, Taner 2792: 2780: 2775:, p. 2. 2751:. Retrieved 2724: 2721:Kevin Heller 2710: 2664: 2637: 2610: 2602: 2600: 2592:partitioning 2585: 2578: 2574: 2563: 2557: 2544:Grand Master 2529: 2522: 2515: 2487: 2459: 2455:tout ou rien 2454: 2443:Mehmed Cavid 2441: 2434: 2397:Adolf Hitler 2377:World War II 2374: 2358:Ottoman flag 2317: 2307: 2275: 2245: 2241: 2224: 2196: 2191:Three Pashas 2184: 2160: 2111: 2059: 2051:torpedo boat 2032: 1959: 1932: 1915: 1883:the calendar 1880: 1857: 1846: 1813: 1782: 1762: 1747: 1736: 1731: 1720:ambassador, 1715: 1686: 1682: 1659:, including 1649: 1613: 1579: 1563: 1552: 1546: 1516: 1429:Hüdâvendigâr 1395: 1364: 1362:programmes. 1346:Three Pashas 1323: 1285: 1244: 1231: 1220:Hasan Tahsin 1192: 1161: 1128:Mehmed Nazım 1085: 1081:Prince Reşad 1031: 1015:constitution 1004: 994: 971:İsmail Enver 967:Ahmed Niyazi 937: 921:Mehmed Cavid 909:Thessaloniki 897: 886: 877:Mehmed Cavid 846: 811: 758: 735:race to Baku 716: 684:Three Pashas 670:carried out 668:Ismail Enver 665: 615:in the 1908 609:constitution 605:Hamidian era 594: 582:Grand Vizier 549: 546:Talaat Pasha 545: 541: 540: 493: 396:(1921-03-15) 326:Constituency 316: 290:Succeeded by 283:Mehmed Cavid 267:Grand Vizier 257: 238:Succeeded by 211:Grand Vizier 201: 194:Mustafa Arif 189:Succeeded by 157:Grand Vizier 147: 128:Succeeded by 91: 84:Grand Vizier 52: 45: 37: 25: 10502:Young Turks 10452:1921 deaths 10447:1874 births 10411:Ali Babacan 10331:Altan Öymen 10326:Recai Kutan 10231:Erdal İnönü 10226:Necdet Calp 10221:Turgut Özal 10200:Kemal Satır 10094:Celâl Bayar 10084:İsmet İnönü 10079:Fethi Okyar 10057:Before 1960 9890:Djevdet Bey 9885:Enver Pasha 9552:Reparations 9540:Recognition 9513:The Promise 9443:Prosecution 9166:Terminology 9154:Deir ez-Zor 9076:(1912–1913) 9074:Balkan Wars 8966:Article 301 8956:Surname Law 8668:Namık Kemal 8643:Peyami Safa 8628:Nihal Atsız 8568:Enver Pasha 8558:Ziya Gökalp 8492:(left-wing) 8459:(1923–1944) 8440:Young Turks 8367:Grey Wolves 8347:Atsız Youth 8316:Ulusalcılık 8271:Pan-Turkism 8177:(1920–1922) 8159:(1919–1920) 8147:(1918–1919) 8135:(1917–1918) 8129:(1913–1917) 8117:(1912–1913) 8115:Kâmil Pasha 8105:(1911–1912) 8099:(1910–1911) 8093:(1909–1910) 8075:(1908–1909) 8073:Kâmil Pasha 8063:(1903–1908) 8057:(1901–1903) 8051:(1895–1901) 8043:Kâmil Pasha 8033:(1891–1895) 8027:(1885–1891) 8025:Kâmil Pasha 8021:(1882–1885) 7997:(1880–1882) 7989:Kadri Pasha 7985:(1879–1880) 7973:(1878–1879) 7937:(1877–1878) 7931:(1876–1877) 7925:(1876–1876) 7919:(1875–1876) 7907:(1874–1875) 7901:(1873–1874) 7889:(1872–1873) 7877:(1871–1872) 7871:(1866–1871) 7865:(1866–1867) 7859:(1863–1866) 7847:(1861–1866) 7835:(1860–1861) 7829:(1859–1860) 7817:(1858–1859) 7811:(1857–1858) 7799:(1856–1857) 7793:(1855–1856) 7787:(1854–1855) 7775:(1853–1854) 7769:(1852–1853) 7745:(1848–1852) 7733:(1846–1848) 7727:(1842–1846) 7721:(1841–1842) 7715:(1840–1841) 7709:(1839–1840) 7703:(1833–1839) 7697:(1829–1833) 7691:(1828–1829) 7685:(1824–1828) 7679:(1823–1824) 7667:(1822–1823) 7661:(1821–1822) 7649:(1820–1821) 7643:(1818–1820) 7637:(1815–1818) 7631:(1812–1815) 7625:(1811–1812) 7619:(1809–1811) 7613:(1808–1809) 7601:(1807–1808) 7595:(1806–1807) 7589:(1805–1806) 7583:(1798–1805) 7577:(1794–1798) 7571:(1792–1794) 7565:(1791–1792) 7559:(1790–1791) 7553:(1789–1790) 7472:(1786–1789) 7466:(1785–1786) 7460:(1782–1785) 7448:(1781–1782) 7442:(1779–1781) 7436:(1778–1779) 7430:(1777–1778) 7424:(1775–1777) 7418:(1774–1775) 7412:(1771–1774) 7406:(1770–1771) 7400:(1769–1770) 7388:(1768–1769) 7376:(1765–1768) 7370:(1763–1765) 7358:(1757–1763) 7352:(1756–1757) 7346:(1755–1756) 7322:(1752–1755) 7316:(1750–1752) 7310:(1747–1750) 7304:(1746–1747) 7298:(1743–1746) 7292:(1742–1743) 7286:(1740–1742) 7280:(1739–1740) 7274:(1737–1739) 7262:(1736–1737) 7256:(1735–1736) 7250:(1732–1735) 7244:(1731–1732) 7232:(1730–1731) 7226:(1718–1730) 7220:(1717–1718) 7214:(1716–1717) 7208:(1713–1716) 7196:(1712–1713) 7190:(1711–1712) 7184:(1710–1711) 7172:(1706–1710) 7166:(1704–1706) 7154:(1703–1704) 7136:(1702–1703) 7070:(1697–1702) 7064:(1695–1697) 7058:(1694–1695) 7046:(1692–1693) 7040:(1691–1692) 7034:(1689–1691) 7028:(1688–1689) 7016:(1687–1688) 7010:(1685–1687) 7004:(1683–1685) 6998:(1676–1683) 6992:(1661–1676) 6986:(1656–1661) 6944:(1654–1655) 6938:(1653–1654) 6932:(1652–1653) 6926:(1651–1652) 6914:(1650–1651) 6908:(1649–1650) 6902:(1648–1649) 6896:(1647–1648) 6884:(1645–1647) 6878:(1644–1645) 6872:(1638–1644) 6860:(1637–1638) 6854:(1632–1637) 6842:(1631–1632) 6836:(1628–1631) 6830:(1626–1628) 6824:(1625–1626) 6818:(1624–1625) 6812:(1623–1624) 6800:(1622–1623) 6776:(1621–1622) 6764:(1619–1621) 6758:(1619–1619) 6752:(1616–1619) 6746:(1614–1616) 6740:(1611–1614) 6738:Nasuh Pasha 6734:(1606–1611) 6722:(1604–1606) 6716:(1603–1604) 6710:(1601–1603) 6704:(1599–1601) 6698:(1598–1599) 6692:(1597–1598) 6686:(1596–1597) 6668:(1595–1596) 6650:(1593–1595) 6644:(1592–1593) 6638:(1591–1592) 6632:(1589–1591) 6626:(1586–1589) 6620:(1585–1586) 6614:(1584–1585) 6608:(1582–1584) 6602:(1580–1582) 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